1
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Zhao JY, Uddin M, Unsihuay D, Butler W, Xia TW, Xu JZ, Wang S, Sheng X, Jannetto PJ, Wang P, Xia X. Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Fentanyl and Its Analogs by a Novel Chemiluminescence Immunoassay. Clin Chem 2024; 70:978-986. [PMID: 38757262 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvae071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abuse of fentanyl and its analogs is a major contributor to the opioid overdose epidemic in the United States, but detecting and quantifying trace amounts of such drugs remains a challenge without resorting to sophisticated mass spectrometry-based methods. METHODS A sensitive immunoassay with a sub-picogram limit of detection for fentanyl and a wide range of fentanyl analogs has been developed, using a novel high-affinity antibody fused with NanoLuc, a small-size luciferase that can emit strong and stable luminescence. When used with human urine samples, the assay has a sub-picogram limit of detection for fentanyl, with results fully concordant with LC-MS. RESULTS When applied to clinical samples, the novel chemiluminescence immunoassay can detect low positive fentanyl missed by routine screening immunoassays, with a limit of detection of 0.8 pg/mL in human urine. When applied to environmental samples, the assay can detect levels as low as 0.25 pg fentanyl per inch2 of environment surface. Assay turnaround time is less than 1 h, with inexpensive equipment and the potential for high-throughput automation or in-field screening. CONCLUSIONS We have established a novel assay that may have broad applications in clinical, environmental, occupational, and forensic scenarios for detection of trace amounts of fentanyl and its analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mezbah Uddin
- Instanosis Inc., King of Prussia, PA, United States
| | - Daisy Unsihuay
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - William Butler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Jayson Z Xu
- ATGC Inc., King of Prussia, PA, United States
| | - Simon Wang
- ATGC Inc., King of Prussia, PA, United States
| | | | - Paul J Jannetto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Xia
- ATGC Inc., King of Prussia, PA, United States
- Instanosis Inc., King of Prussia, PA, United States
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2
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Peng D, Vangipuram M, Wong J, Leonetti MD. protoSpaceJAM: an open-source, customizable and web-accessible design platform for CRISPR/Cas insertional knock-in. Nucleic Acids Res 2024:gkae553. [PMID: 38922690 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas-mediated knock-in of DNA sequences enables precise genome engineering for research and therapeutic applications. However, designing effective guide RNAs (gRNAs) and homology-directed repair (HDR) donors remains a bottleneck. Here, we present protoSpaceJAM, an open-source algorithm to automate and optimize gRNA and HDR donor design for CRISPR/Cas insertional knock-in experiments, currently supporting SpCas9, SpCas9-VQR and enAsCas12a Cas enzymes. protoSpaceJAM utilizes biological rules to rank gRNAs based on specificity, distance to insertion site, and position relative to regulatory regions. protoSpaceJAM can introduce 'recoding' mutations (silent mutations and mutations in non-coding sequences) in HDR donors to prevent re-cutting and increase knock-in efficiency. Users can customize parameters and design double-stranded or single-stranded donors. We validated protoSpaceJAM's design rules by demonstrating increased knock-in efficiency with recoding mutations and optimal strand selection for single-stranded donors. An additional module enables the design of genotyping primers for deep sequencing of edited alleles. Overall, protoSpaceJAM streamlines and optimizes CRISPR knock-in experimental design in a flexible and modular manner to benefit diverse research and therapeutic applications. protoSpaceJAM is available open-source as an interactive web tool at protospacejam.czbiohub.org or as a standalone Python package at github.com/czbiohub-sf/protoSpaceJAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Peng
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Joan Wong
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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3
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Cho H, Yoo M, Pongkulapa T, Rabie H, Muotri AR, Yin PT, Choi J, Lee K. Magnetic Nanoparticle-Assisted Non-Viral CRISPR-Cas9 for Enhanced Genome Editing to Treat Rett Syndrome. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306432. [PMID: 38647391 PMCID: PMC11200027 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The CRISPR-Cas9 technology has the potential to revolutionize the treatment of various diseases, including Rett syndrome, by enabling the correction of genes or mutations in human patient cells. However, several challenges need to be addressed before its widespread clinical application. These challenges include the low delivery efficiencies to target cells, the actual efficiency of the genome-editing process, and the precision with which the CRISPR-Cas system operates. Herein, the study presents a Magnetic Nanoparticle-Assisted Genome Editing (MAGE) platform, which significantly improves the transfection efficiency, biocompatibility, and genome-editing accuracy of CRISPR-Cas9 technology. To demonstrate the feasibility of the developed technology, MAGE is applied to correct the mutated MeCP2 gene in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells (iPSC-NPCs) from a Rett syndrome patient. By combining magnetofection and magnetic-activated cell sorting, MAGE achieves higher multi-plasmid delivery (99.3%) and repairing efficiencies (42.95%) with significantly shorter incubation times than conventional transfection agents without size limitations on plasmids. The repaired iPSC-NPCs showed similar characteristics as wild-type neurons when they differentiated into neurons, further validating MAGE and its potential for future clinical applications. In short, the developed nanobio-combined CRISPR-Cas9 technology offers the potential for various clinical applications, particularly in stem cell therapies targeting different genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon‐Yeol Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyRutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJ08854USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringSogang UniversitySeoul04107South Korea
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence TechnologyKookmin UniversitySeoul02707South Korea
| | - Myungsik Yoo
- W. M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and NeuroscienceRutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJ08854USA
| | - Thanapat Pongkulapa
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyRutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJ08854USA
| | - Hudifah Rabie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyRutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJ08854USA
| | - Alysson R. Muotri
- School of MedicineDepartment of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San DiegoDepartment of Cellular and Molecular MedicineStem Cell ProgramLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Perry T. Yin
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringRutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJ08854USA
| | - Jeong‐Woo Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringSogang UniversitySeoul04107South Korea
| | - Ki‐Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyRutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJ08854USA
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4
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Bouchareb A, Biggs D, Alghadban S, Preece C, Davies B. Increasing Knockin Efficiency in Mouse Zygotes by Transient Hypothermia. CRISPR J 2024; 7:111-119. [PMID: 38635329 PMCID: PMC7615915 DOI: 10.1089/crispr.2023.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Integration of a point mutation to correct or edit a gene requires the repair of the CRISPR-Cas9-induced double-strand break by homology-directed repair (HDR). This repair pathway is more active in late S and G2 phases of the cell cycle, whereas the competing pathway of nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) operates throughout the cell cycle. Accordingly, modulation of the cell cycle by chemical perturbation or simply by the timing of gene editing to shift the editing toward the S/G2 phase has been shown to increase HDR rates. Using a traffic light reporter in mouse embryonic stem cells and a fluorescence conversion reporter in human-induced pluripotent stem cells, we confirm that a transient cold shock leads to an increase in the rate of HDR, with a corresponding decrease in the rate of NHEJ repair. We then investigated whether a similar cold shock could lead to an increase in the rate of HDR in the mouse embryo. By analyzing the efficiency of gene editing using single nucleotide polymorphism changes and loxP insertion at three different genetic loci, we found that a transient reduction in temperature after zygote electroporation of CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein with a single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide repair template did indeed increase knockin efficiency, without affecting embryonic development. The efficiency of gene editing with and without the cold shock was first assessed by genotyping blastocysts. As a proof of concept, we then confirmed that the modified embryo culture conditions were compatible with live births by targeting the coat color gene tyrosinase and observing the repair of the albino mutation. Taken together, our data suggest that a transient cold shock could offer a simple and robust way to improve knockin outcomes in both stem cells and zygotes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Biggs
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Samy Alghadban
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Benjamin Davies
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
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5
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Han AR, Shin HR, Kweon J, Lee SB, Lee SE, Kim EY, Kweon J, Chang EJ, Kim Y, Kim SW. Highly efficient genome editing via CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) delivery in mesenchymal stem cells. BMB Rep 2024; 57:60-65. [PMID: 38053293 PMCID: PMC10828435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR-Cas9 system has significantly advanced regenerative medicine research by enabling genome editing in stem cells. Due to their desirable properties, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have recently emerged as highly promising therapeutic agents, which properties include differentiation ability and cytokine production. While CRISPR-Cas9 technology is applied to develop MSC-based therapeutics, MSCs exhibit inefficient genome editing, and susceptibility to plasmid DNA. In this study, we compared and optimized plasmid DNA and RNP approaches for efficient genome engineering in MSCs. The RNP-mediated approach enabled genome editing with high indel frequency and low cytotoxicity in MSCs. By utilizing Cas9 RNPs, we successfully generated B2M-knockout MSCs, which reduced T-cell differentiation, and improved MSC survival. Furthermore, this approach enhanced the immunomodulatory effect of IFN-r priming. These findings indicate that the RNP-mediated engineering of MSC genomes can achieve high efficiency, and engineered MSCs offer potential as a promising therapeutic strategy. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(1): 60-65].
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Affiliation(s)
- A Reum Han
- Department of Translational Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Ha Rim Shin
- Department of Cell and Genetic Engineering, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jiyeon Kweon
- Department of Cell and Genetic Engineering, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Soo Been Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jiyeon Kweon
- Department of Cell and Genetic Engineering, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Yongsub Kim
- Department of Cell and Genetic Engineering, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Center for Cell therapy, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Seong Who Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Center for Cell therapy, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
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6
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Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 Plasmid DNA by Hyperbranched Polymeric Nanoparticles Enables Efficient Gene Editing. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010156. [PMID: 36611948 PMCID: PMC9818138 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene editing nucleases such as CRISPR/Cas9 have enabled efficient and precise gene editing in vitro and hold promise of eventually achieving in vivo gene editing based therapy. However, a major challenge for their use is the lack of a safe and effective virus-free system to deliver gene editing nuclease elements. Polymers are a promising class of delivery vehicle due to their higher safety compared to currently used viral vectors, but polymers suffer from lower transfection efficiency. Polymeric vectors have been used for small nucleotide delivery but have yet to be used successfully with plasmid DNA (pDNA), which is often several hundred times larger than small nucleotides, presenting an engineering challenge. To address this, we extended our previously reported hyperbranched polymer (HP) delivery system for pDNA delivery by synthesizing several variants of HPs: HP-800, HP-1.8K, HP-10K, HP-25K. We demonstrate that all HPs have low toxicity in various cultured cells, with HP-25K being the most efficient at packaging and delivering pDNA. Importantly, HP-25K mediated delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 pDNA resulted in higher gene-editing rates than all other HPs and Lipofectamine at several clinically significant loci in different cell types. Consistently, HP-25K also led to more robust base editing when delivering the CRISPR base editor "BE4-max" pDNA to cells compared with Lipofectamine. The present work demonstrates that HP nanoparticles represent a promising class of vehicle for the non-viral delivery of pDNA towards the clinical application of gene-editing therapy.
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7
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Liu H, Sun R, Wang L, Chen X, Li G, Cheng Y, Zhai G, Bay BH, Yang F, Gu N, Guo Y, Fan H. Biocompatible Iron Oxide Nanoring-Labeled Mesenchymal Stem Cells: An Innovative Magnetothermal Approach for Cell Tracking and Targeted Stroke Therapy. ACS NANO 2022; 16:18806-18821. [PMID: 36278899 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Labeling stem cells with magnetic nanoparticles is a promising technique for in vivo tracking and magnetic targeting of transplanted stem cells, which is critical for improving the therapeutic efficacy of cell therapy. However, conventional endocytic labeling with relatively poor labeling efficiency and a short labeling lifetime has hindered the implementation of these innovative enhancements in stem-cell-mediated regenerative medicine. Herein, we describe an advanced magnetothermal approach to label mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) efficiently by local induction of heat-enhanced membrane permeability for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tracking and targeted therapy of stroke, where biocompatible γ-phase, ferrimagnetic vortex-domain iron oxide nanorings (γ-FVIOs) with superior magnetoresponsive properties were used as a tracer. This approach facilitates a safe and efficient labeling of γ-FVIOs as high as 150 pg of Fe per cell without affecting the MSCs proliferation and differentiation, which is 3.44-fold higher than that by endocytosis labeling. Such a high labeling efficiency not only enables the ultrasensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detection of sub-10 cells and long-term tracking of transplanted MSCs over 10 weeks but also endows transplanted MSCs with a magnetic manipulation ability in vivo. A proof-of-concept study using a rat stroke model showed that the labeled MSCs facilitated MRI tracking and magnetic targeting for efficient replacement therapy with a significantly reduced dosage of 5 × 104 transplanted cells. The findings in this study have demonstrated the great potential of the magnetothermal approach as an efficient labeling technique for future clinical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanrui Liu
- Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an710127, China
| | - Ran Sun
- Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Molecular Imaging Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an710127, China
| | - Galong Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an710127, China
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an710069, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1800 Yuntai Road, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Gaohong Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an710127, China
| | - Boon-Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 4 Medical Drive, MD10, 117594, Singapore
| | - Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing210009, China
| | - Ning Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing210009, China
| | - Yingkun Guo
- Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Haiming Fan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an710127, China
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an710069, China
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8
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CRISPR/Cas9 and AAV mediated insertion of β2 microglobulin-HLA-G fusion gene protects mesenchymal stromal cells from allogeneic rejection and potentiates the use for off-the-shelf cell therapy. Regen Ther 2022; 21:442-452. [PMID: 36313397 PMCID: PMC9582586 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) hold the potential for application as cellular therapy products; however, there are many problems that need to be addressed before the use in clinical settings, these include the heterogeneity of MSCs, scalability in MSC production, timing and techniques for MSC administration, and engraftment efficiency and persistency of administered MSCs. In this study, problems regarding immune rejection caused by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatches were addressed. Methods Umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) were gene-edited to avoid allogeneic immunity. The HLA class I expression was abrogated by the knock-out of the beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) gene; instead, the B2M-HLA-G fusion gene was knocked-in using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in combination with adeno-associated virus (AAV). Results Cell surface markers on gene-edited UC-MSCs were not different from those on primary UC-MSCs. The gene-edited UC-MSCs also retained the potential to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes. B2M gene knock-out alone protected cells from allogeneic T cell immune responses but were vulnerable to NK cells. B2M gene knock-out in combination with B2M-HLA-G knock-in protected cells from both T cells and NK cells. The B2M-HLA-G knock-in MSCs retained a good immunosuppressive ability and the addition of these cells into the mixing lymphocyte reaction showed a significant inhibition of T cell proliferation. Conclusions The results of this study demonstrated the possibility that the CRISPR/Cas9 system combined with AAV can be used to effectively disrupt/introduce any gene into UC-MSCs. Our findings suggest that the gene-edited cell line produced here using this method may have a higher ability to escape the cytotoxic activity of immune cells than primary cells, thereby being more advantageous for long-term graft survival. The CRISPR/Cas9 system with AAV1/2 could knock in/out efficiently in UC-MSCs. B2M-HLA-G fusion gene was successfully introduced and expressed to the cell surface. Gene edited UC-MSCs were capable of evading allogeneic immune responses.
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Key Words
- AAV
- AAV, adeno-associated virus
- Allogenic rejection
- CRISPR/Cas9
- FASL, FAS ligand
- GVHD, graft versus host disease
- HLA, human leukocyte antigen
- HLA-G
- HR, homologous recombination
- HSC, hematopoietic stem cells
- ITR, inverted terminal repeats
- KIR, killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors
- LILR, leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors
- MLR, mixed lymphocyte reaction
- MSC, mesenchymal stromal cells
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- PS, penicillin–streptomycin
- SD, standard deviation
- UC-MSCs
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9
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Li C, Du Y, Zhang T, Wang H, Hou Z, Zhang Y, Cui W, Chen W. "Genetic scissors" CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing cutting-edge biocarrier technology for bone and cartilage repair. Bioact Mater 2022; 22:254-273. [PMID: 36263098 PMCID: PMC9554751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 is a revolutionary genome editing technology with the tremendous advantages such as precisely targeting/shearing ability, low cost and convenient operation, becoming an efficient and indispensable tool in biological research. As a disruptive technique, CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing has a great potential to realize a future breakthrough in the clinical bone and cartilage repairing as well. This review highlights the research status of CRISPR/Cas9 system in bone and cartilage repair, illustrates its mechanism for promoting osteogenesis and chondrogenesis, and explores the development tendency of CRISPR/Cas9 in bone and cartilage repair to overcome the current limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Orthopaedic Research Institution of Hebei Province, NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, PR China,Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Yawei Du
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Orthopaedic Research Institution of Hebei Province, NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, PR China
| | - Haoran Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Orthopaedic Research Institution of Hebei Province, NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, PR China,Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Hou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Orthopaedic Research Institution of Hebei Province, NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, PR China
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Orthopaedic Research Institution of Hebei Province, NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, PR China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China,Corresponding author.
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Orthopaedic Research Institution of Hebei Province, NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, PR China,Corresponding author.
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10
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Lin G, Zhang K, Han Y, Peng R, Zhang J, Li D, Li J. Reprogramming of Human B Cells from Secreting IgG to IgM by Genome Editing. CRISPR J 2022; 5:717-725. [PMID: 35900273 DOI: 10.1089/crispr.2021.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
B lymphocytes are activated and regulated by their interactions with T cells, a process that results in one-way class switching of immunoglobulins (ig) from IgM to IgG, IgE, or IgA. In this study, we show the application of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-Cas9-induced nonhomologous end joining in B cells to achieve reverse-directional Ig class switching. By electroporating Cas9 and guide RNA and a Cμ encoding donor into cells, we engineered IgG-secreting human B cell lines to switch to express IgM antibody. This approach offers a new potential path for the production of IgM antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guigao Lin
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, PR China; Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China; and Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Kuo Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, PR China; Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China; and Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yanxi Han
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, PR China; Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Rongxue Peng
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, PR China; Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, PR China; Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China; and Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Dandan Li
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, PR China; Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China; and Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jinming Li
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, PR China; Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China; and Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China
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11
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Foley RA, Sims RA, Duggan EC, Olmedo JK, Ma R, Jonas SJ. Delivering the CRISPR/Cas9 system for engineering gene therapies: Recent cargo and delivery approaches for clinical translation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:973326. [PMID: 36225598 PMCID: PMC9549251 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.973326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) has transformed our ability to edit the human genome selectively. This technology has quickly become the most standardized and reproducible gene editing tool available. Catalyzing rapid advances in biomedical research and genetic engineering, the CRISPR/Cas9 system offers great potential to provide diagnostic and therapeutic options for the prevention and treatment of currently incurable single-gene and more complex human diseases. However, significant barriers to the clinical application of CRISPR/Cas9 remain. While in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo gene editing has been demonstrated extensively in a laboratory setting, the translation to clinical studies is currently limited by shortfalls in the precision, scalability, and efficiency of delivering CRISPR/Cas9-associated reagents to their intended therapeutic targets. To overcome these challenges, recent advancements manipulate both the delivery cargo and vehicles used to transport CRISPR/Cas9 reagents. With the choice of cargo informing the delivery vehicle, both must be optimized for precision and efficiency. This review aims to summarize current bioengineering approaches to applying CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tools towards the development of emerging cellular therapeutics, focusing on its two main engineerable components: the delivery vehicle and the gene editing cargo it carries. The contemporary barriers to biomedical applications are discussed within the context of key considerations to be made in the optimization of CRISPR/Cas9 for widespread clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A. Foley
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ruby A. Sims
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Emily C. Duggan
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jessica K. Olmedo
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rachel Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Steven J. Jonas
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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12
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Caillaud A, Lévêque A, Thédrez A, Girardeau A, Canac R, Bray L, Baudic M, Barc J, Gaborit N, Lamirault G, Gardie B, Idriss S, Rimbert A, Le May C, Cariou B, Si-Tayeb K. FACS-assisted CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing of human induced pluripotent stem cells. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101680. [PMID: 36115027 PMCID: PMC9490201 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This manuscript proposes an efficient and reproducible protocol for the generation of genetically modified human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) by genome editing using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Here, we describe the experimental strategy for generating knockout (KO) and knockin (KI) clonal populations of hiPSCs using single-cell sorting by flow cytometry. We efficiently achieved up to 15 kb deletions, molecular tag insertions, and single-nucleotide editing in hiPSCs. We emphasize the efficacy of this approach in terms of cell culture time. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Canac et al. (2022) and Bray et al. (2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Caillaud
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France,Corresponding author
| | - Antoine Lévêque
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Aurélie Thédrez
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Aurore Girardeau
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Robin Canac
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Lise Bray
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Manon Baudic
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Julien Barc
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Nathalie Gaborit
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Guillaume Lamirault
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Betty Gardie
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, EPHE, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France
| | - Salam Idriss
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Antoine Rimbert
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Cédric Le May
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Bertrand Cariou
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France,Corresponding author
| | - Karim Si-Tayeb
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
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13
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Zeng Q, Liu Z, Niu T, He C, Qu Y, Qian Z. Application of nanotechnology in CAR-T-cell immunotherapy. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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14
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Park SB, Uchida T, Tilson S, Hu Z, Ma CD, Leek M, Eichner M, Hong SG, Liang TJ. A dual conditional CRISPR-Cas9 system to activate gene editing and reduce off-target effects in human stem cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 28:656-669. [PMID: 35615005 PMCID: PMC9112054 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The CRISPR-Cas9 system has emerged as a powerful and efficient tool for genome editing. An important drawback of the CRISPR-Cas9 system is the constitutive endonuclease activity when Cas9 endonuclease and its sgRNA are co-expressed. This constitutive activity results in undesirable off-target effects that hinder studies using the system, such as probing gene functions or its therapeutic use in humans. Here, we describe a convenient method that allows temporal and tight control of CRISPR-Cas9 activity by combining transcriptional regulation of Cas9 expression and protein stability control of Cas9 in human stem cells. To achieve this dual control, we combined the doxycycline-inducible system for transcriptional regulation and FKBP12-derived destabilizing domain fused to Cas9 for protein stability regulation. We showed that approximately 5%–10% of Cas9 expression was observed when only one of the two controls was applied. By combining two systems, we markedly lowered the baseline Cas9 expression and limited the exposure time of Cas9 endonuclease in the cell, resulting in little or no undesirable on- or off-target effects. We anticipate that this dual conditional CRISPR-Cas9 system can serve as a valuable tool for systematic characterization and identification of genes for various pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Bum Park
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Takuro Uchida
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Samantha Tilson
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Zongyi Hu
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Christopher D Ma
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Madeleine Leek
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Michael Eichner
- Division of Veterinary Resources, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - So Gun Hong
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - T Jake Liang
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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15
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Quach ABV, Little SR, Shih SCC. Viral Generation, Packaging, and Transduction on a Digital Microfluidic Platform. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4039-4047. [PMID: 35192339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Viral-based systems are a popular delivery method for introducing exogenous genetic material into mammalian cells. Unfortunately, the preparation of lentiviruses containing the machinery to edit the cells is labor-intensive, with steps requiring optimization and sensitive handling. To mitigate these challenges, we introduce the first microfluidic method that integrates lentiviral generation, packaging, and transduction. The new method allows the production of viral titers between 106 and 107 (similar to macroscale production) and high transduction efficiency for hard-to-transfect cell lines. We extend the technique for gene editing applications and show how this technique can be used to knock out and knock down estrogen receptor gene─a gene prominently responsible for 70% of breast cancer cases. This new technique is automated with multiplexing capabilities, which have the potential to standardize the methods for viral-based genome engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela B V Quach
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec H4B 1R6, Canada.,Centre for Applied Synthetic Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Samuel R Little
- Centre for Applied Synthetic Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec H4B 1R6, Canada.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montréal, Québec H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Steve C C Shih
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec H4B 1R6, Canada.,Centre for Applied Synthetic Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec H4B 1R6, Canada.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montréal, Québec H3G 1M8, Canada
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16
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Mianné J, Nasri A, Van CN, Bourguignon C, Fieldès M, Ahmed E, Duthoit C, Martin N, Parrinello H, Louis A, Iché A, Gayon R, Samain F, Lamouroux L, Bouillé P, Bourdin A, Assou S, De Vos J. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockout and interallelic gene conversion in human induced pluripotent stem cells using non-integrative bacteriophage-chimeric retrovirus-like particles. BMC Biol 2022; 20:8. [PMID: 34996449 PMCID: PMC8742436 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) holds tremendous potential for basic research and cell-based gene therapy. However, the fulfillment of these promises relies on the capacity to efficiently deliver exogenous nucleic acids and harness the repair mechanisms induced by the nuclease activity in order to knock-out or repair targeted genes. Moreover, transient delivery should be preferred to avoid persistent nuclease activity and to decrease the risk of off-target events. We recently developed bacteriophage-chimeric retrovirus-like particles that exploit the properties of bacteriophage coat proteins to package exogenous RNA, and the benefits of lentiviral transduction to achieve highly efficient, non-integrative RNA delivery in human cells. Here, we investigated the potential of bacteriophage-chimeric retrovirus-like particles for the non-integrative delivery of RNA molecules in hiPSC for CRISPR/Cas9 applications. RESULTS We found that these particles efficiently convey RNA molecules for transient expression in hiPSC, with minimal toxicity and without affecting the cell pluripotency and subsequent differentiation. We then used this system to transiently deliver in a single step the CRISPR-Cas9 components (Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA) to generate gene knockout with high indel rate (up to 85%) at multiple loci. Strikingly, when using an allele-specific sgRNA at a locus harboring compound heterozygous mutations, the targeted allele was not altered by NHEJ/MMEJ, but was repaired at high frequency using the homologous wild type allele, i.e., by interallelic gene conversion. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the potential of bacteriophage-chimeric retrovirus-like particles to efficiently and safely deliver RNA molecules in hiPSC, and describe for the first time genome engineering by gene conversion in hiPSC. Harnessing this DNA repair mechanism could facilitate the therapeutic correction of human genetic disorders in hiPSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joffrey Mianné
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Hôpital St Eloi, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Amel Nasri
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Hôpital St Eloi, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Chloé Nguyen Van
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Hôpital St Eloi, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Chloé Bourguignon
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Hôpital St Eloi, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathieu Fieldès
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Hôpital St Eloi, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Engi Ahmed
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Hôpital St Eloi, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Hugues Parrinello
- Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- MGX-Montpellier GenomiX, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Anaïs Louis
- Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- MGX-Montpellier GenomiX, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Arnaud Bourdin
- PhyMedExp, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Said Assou
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Hôpital St Eloi, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - John De Vos
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Hôpital St Eloi, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France.
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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17
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Ashok B, Peppas NA, Wechsler ME. Lipid- and Polymer-Based Nanoparticle Systems for the Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021; 65:102728. [PMID: 34335878 PMCID: PMC8318345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/ CRISPR-associated (Cas) genome editing systems and their applications in human health and medicine has heralded a new era of biotechnology. However, the delivery of CRISPR therapeutics is arguably the most difficult barrier to overcome for translation to in vivo clinical administration. Appropriate delivery methods are required to efficiently and selectively transport all gene editing components to specific target cells and tissues of interest, while minimizing off-target effects. To overcome this challenge, we discuss and critic nanoparticle delivery strategies, focusing on the use of lipid-based and polymeric-based matrices herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaargavi Ashok
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas A Peppas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, USA
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, USA
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, USA
| | - Marissa E Wechsler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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18
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van Essen M, Riepsaame J, Jacob J. CRISPR-Cas Gene Perturbation and Editing in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. CRISPR J 2021; 4:634-655. [PMID: 34582693 DOI: 10.1089/crispr.2021.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Directing the fates of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) to generate a multitude of differentiated cell types allows the study of the genetic regulation of human development and disease. The translational potential of hPSC is maximized by exploiting CRISPR to silence or activate genes with spatial and temporal precision permanently or reversibly. Here, we summarize the increasingly refined and diverse CRISPR toolkit for the latter forms of gene perturbation in hPSC and their downstream applications. We discuss newer methods to install edits efficiently with single nucleotide resolution and describe pooled CRISPR screens as a powerful means of unbiased discovery of genes associated with a phenotype of interest. Last, we discuss the potential of these combined technologies in the treatment of hitherto intractable human diseases and the challenges to their implementation in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max van Essen
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; and University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joey Riepsaame
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John Jacob
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; and University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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19
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Sioson VA, Kim M, Joo J. Challenges in delivery systems for CRISPR-based genome editing and opportunities of nanomedicine. Biomed Eng Lett 2021; 11:217-233. [PMID: 34350049 PMCID: PMC8316527 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-021-00199-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR-based genome editing technology has opened extremely useful strategies in biological research and clinical therapeutics, thus attracting great attention with tremendous progress in the past decade. Despite its robust potential in personalized and precision medicine, the CRISPR-based gene editing has been limited by inefficient in vivo delivery to the target cells and by safety concerns of viral vectors for clinical setting. In this review, recent advances in tailored nanoparticles as a means of non-viral delivery vector for CRISPR/Cas systems are thoroughly discussed. Unique characteristics of the nanoparticles including controllable size, surface tunability, and low immune response lead considerable potential of CRISPR-based gene editing as a translational medicine. We will present an overall view on essential elements in CRISPR/Cas systems and the nanoparticle-based delivery carriers including advantages and challenges. Perspectives to advance the current limitations are also discussed toward bench-to-bedside translation in engineering aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Aaron Sioson
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Minjong Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Jinmyoung Joo
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919 Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919 Republic of Korea
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20
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Gama-Brambila R, Chen J, Dabiri Y, Tascher G, Němec V, Münch C, Song G, Knapp S, Cheng X. A Chemical Toolbox for Labeling and Degrading Engineered Cas Proteins. JACS AU 2021; 1:777-785. [PMID: 34467332 PMCID: PMC8395650 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and their associated proteins (Cas) has revolutionized the field of genome and epigenome editing. A number of new methods have been developed to precisely control the function and activity of Cas proteins, including fusion proteins and small-molecule modulators. Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) represent a new concept using the ubiquitin-proteasome system to degrade a protein of interest, highlighting the significance of chemically induced protein-E3 ligase interaction in drug discovery. Here, we engineered Cas proteins (Cas9, dCas9, Cas12, and Cas13) by inserting a Phe-Cys-Pro-Phe (FCPF) amino acid sequence (known as the π-clamp system) and demonstrate that the modified CasFCPF proteins can be (1) labeled in live cells by perfluoroaromatics carrying the fluorescein or (2) degraded by a perfluoroaromatics-functionalized PROTAC (PROTAC-FCPF). A proteome-wide analysis of PROTAC-FCPF-mediated Cas9FCPF protein degradation revealed a high target specificity, suggesting a wide range of applications of perfluoroaromatics-induced proximity in the regulation of stability, activity, and functionality of any FCPF-tagging protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo
A. Gama-Brambila
- Buchmann
Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15. R. 3.652, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jie Chen
- Buchmann
Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15. R. 3.652, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yasamin Dabiri
- Institute
of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Tascher
- Institute
of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Václav Němec
- Buchmann
Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15. R. 3.652, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian Münch
- Institute
of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Guangqi Song
- Department
of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital
of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Buchmann
Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15. R. 3.652, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Xinlai Cheng
- Buchmann
Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15. R. 3.652, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute
of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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AsCas12a ultra nuclease facilitates the rapid generation of therapeutic cell medicines. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3908. [PMID: 34162850 PMCID: PMC8222333 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Though AsCas12a fills a crucial gap in the current genome editing toolbox, it exhibits relatively poor editing efficiency, restricting its overall utility. Here we isolate an engineered variant, "AsCas12a Ultra", that increased editing efficiency to nearly 100% at all sites examined in HSPCs, iPSCs, T cells, and NK cells. We show that AsCas12a Ultra maintains high on-target specificity thereby mitigating the risk for off-target editing and making it ideal for complex therapeutic genome editing applications. We achieved simultaneous targeting of three clinically relevant genes in T cells at >90% efficiency and demonstrated transgene knock-in efficiencies of up to 60%. We demonstrate site-specific knock-in of a CAR in NK cells, which afforded enhanced anti-tumor NK cell recognition, potentially enabling the next generation of allogeneic cell-based therapies in oncology. AsCas12a Ultra is an advanced CRISPR nuclease with significant advantages in basic research and in the production of gene edited cell medicines.
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22
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You H, Mayer JU, Johnston RL, Sivakumaran H, Ranasinghe S, Rivera V, Kondrashova O, Koufariotis LT, Du X, Driguez P, French JD, Waddell N, Duke MG, Ittiprasert W, Mann VH, Brindley PJ, Jones MK, McManus DP. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing of Schistosoma mansoni acetylcholinesterase. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21205. [PMID: 33337558 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001745rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing shows cogent potential for the genetic modification of helminth parasites. We report successful gene knock-in (KI) into the genome of the egg of Schistosoma mansoni by combining CRISPR/Cas9 with single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ssODNs). We edited the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) gene of S. mansoni targeting two guide RNAs (gRNAs), X5 and X7, located on exon 5 and exon 7 of Smp_154600, respectively. Eggs recovered from livers of experimentally infected mice were transfected by electroporation with a CRISPR/Cas9-vector encoding gRNA X5 or X7 combining with/ without a ssODN donor. Next generation sequencing analysis of reads of amplicon libraries spanning targeted regions revealed that the major modifications induced by CRISPR/Cas9 in the eggs were generated by homology directed repair (HDR). Furthermore, soluble egg antigen from AChE-edited eggs exhibited markedly reduced AChE activity, indicative that programed Cas9 cleavage mutated the AChE gene. Following injection of AChE-edited schistosome eggs into the tail veins of mice, an significantly enhanced Th2 response involving IL-4, -5, -10, and-13 was detected in lung cells and splenocytes in mice injected with X5-KI eggs in comparison to control mice injected with unmutated eggs. A Th2-predominant response, with increased levels of IL-4, -13, and GATA3, also was induced by X5 KI eggs in small intestine-draining mesenteric lymph node cells when the gene-edited eggs were introduced into the subserosa of the ileum of the mice. These findings confirmed the potential and the utility of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing for functional genomics in schistosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong You
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Rebecca L Johnston
- Genetics & Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Haran Sivakumaran
- Genetics & Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shiwanthi Ranasinghe
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Vanessa Rivera
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Olga Kondrashova
- Genetics & Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lambros T Koufariotis
- Genetics & Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Xiaofeng Du
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Patrick Driguez
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Juliet D French
- Genetics & Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicola Waddell
- Genetics & Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mary G Duke
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Wannaporn Ittiprasert
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, & Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Victoria H Mann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, & Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul J Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, & Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Malcolm K Jones
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - Donald P McManus
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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23
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Kumar ARK, Shou Y, Chan B, L K, Tay A. Materials for Improving Immune Cell Transfection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007421. [PMID: 33860598 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy holds great promise for preventing and treating deadly diseases such as cancer. However, it remains challenging to transfect and engineer primary immune cells for clinical cell manufacturing. Conventional tools using viral vectors and bulk electroporation suffer from low efficiency while posing risks like viral transgene integration and excessive biological perturbations. Emerging techniques using microfluidics, nanoparticles, and high-aspect-ratio nanostructures can overcome these challenges, and on top of that, provide universal and high-throughput cargo delivery. Herein, the strengths and limitations of traditional and emerging materials for immune cell transfection, and commercial development of these tools, are discussed. To enhance the characterization of transfection techniques and uptake by the clinical community, a list of in vitro and in vivo assays to perform, along with relevant protocols, is recommended. The overall aim, herein, is to motivate the development of novel materials to meet rising demand in transfection for clinical CAR-T cell manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun R K Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Yufeng Shou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Brian Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Krishaa L
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Andy Tay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
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24
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Kim JK, Youn YJ, Lee YB, Kim SH, Song DK, Shin M, Jin HK, Bae JS, Shrestha S, Hong CW. Extracellular vesicles from dHL-60 cells as delivery vehicles for diverse therapeutics. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8289. [PMID: 33859336 PMCID: PMC8050327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87891-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-derived heterogeneous vesicles that mediate intercellular communications. They have recently been considered as ideal vehicles for drug-delivery systems, and immune cells are suggested as a potential source for drug-loaded EVs. In this study, we investigated the possibility of neutrophils as a source for drug-loaded EVs. Neutrophil-like differentiated human promyelocytic leukemia cells (dHL-60) produced massive amounts of EVs within 1 h. The dHL-60 cells are also easily loaded with various cargoes such as antibiotics (penicillin), anticancer drug (paclitaxel), chemoattractant (MCP-1), miRNA, and Cas9. The EVs derived from the dHL-60 cells showed efficient incorporation of these cargoes and significant effector functions, such as bactericidal activity, monocyte chemotaxis, and macrophage polarization. Our results suggest that neutrophils or neutrophil-like promyelocytic cells could be an attractive source for drug-delivery EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Kyu Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Youn
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Bin Lee
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hwa Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Keun Song
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsang Shin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Jin
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.,KNU Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Bae
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.,KNU Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanjeeb Shrestha
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Won Hong
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Yang D, Liang X, Pallas B, Hoenerhoff M, Ren Z, Han R, Zhang J, Chen YE, Jin JP, Sun F, Xu J. Production of CFTR-ΔF508 Rabbits. Front Genet 2021; 11:627666. [PMID: 33552140 PMCID: PMC7862758 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.627666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a lethal autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The most common mutation is the deletion of phenylalanine residue at position 508 (ΔF508). Here we report the production of CFTR-ΔF508 rabbits by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing. After microinjection and embryo transfer, 77 kits were born, of which five carried the ΔF508 mutation. To confirm the germline transmission, one male ΔF508 founder was bred with two wild-type females and produced 16 F1 generation kits, of which six are heterozygous ΔF508/WT animals. Our work adds CFTR-ΔF508 rabbits to the toolbox of CF animal models for biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongshan Yang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Xiubin Liang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Brooke Pallas
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mark Hoenerhoff
- In Vivo Animal Core, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Zhuoying Ren
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Renzhi Han
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jian-Ping Jin
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Fei Sun
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Jie Xu
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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26
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Frederiksen HR, Doehn U, Tveden-Nyborg P, Freude KK. Non-immunogenic Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, a Promising Way Forward for Allogenic Transplantations for Neurological Disorders. Front Genome Ed 2021; 2:623717. [PMID: 34713244 PMCID: PMC8525385 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2020.623717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorder is a general term used for diseases affecting the function of the brain and nervous system. Those include a broad range of diseases from developmental disorders (e.g., Autism) over injury related disorders (e.g., stroke and brain tumors) to age related neurodegeneration (e.g., Alzheimer's disease), affecting up to 1 billion people worldwide. For most of those disorders, no curative treatment exists leaving symptomatic treatment as the primary mean of alleviation. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) in combination with animal models have been instrumental to foster our understanding of underlying disease mechanisms in the brain. Of specific interest are patient derived hiPSC which allow for targeted gene editing in the cases of known mutations. Such personalized treatment would include (1) acquisition of primary cells from the patient, (2) reprogramming of those into hiPSC via non-integrative methods, (3) corrective intervention via CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing of mutations, (4) quality control to ensure successful correction and absence of off-target effects, and (5) subsequent transplantation of hiPSC or pre-differentiated precursor cells for cell replacement therapies. This would be the ideal scenario but it is time consuming and expensive. Therefore, it would be of great benefit if transplanted hiPSC could be modulated to become invisible to the recipient's immune system, avoiding graft rejection and allowing for allogenic transplantations. This review will focus on the current status of gene editing to generate non-immunogenic hiPSC and how these cells can be used to treat neurological disorders by using cell replacement therapy. By providing an overview of current limitations and challenges in stem cell replacement therapies and the treatment of neurological disorders, this review outlines how gene editing and non-immunogenic hiPSC can contribute and pave the road for new therapeutic advances. Finally, the combination of using non-immunogenic hiPSC and in vivo animal modeling will highlight the importance of models with translational value for safety efficacy testing; before embarking on human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Reventlow Frederiksen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Doehn
- Stem Cell Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Pernille Tveden-Nyborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristine K. Freude
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Kristine K. Freude
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27
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Armitage LH, Stimpson SE, Santostefano KE, Sui L, Ogundare S, Newby BN, Castro-Gutierrez R, Huber MK, Taylor JP, Sharma P, Radichev IA, Perry DJ, Fredette NC, Savinov AY, Wallet MA, Terada N, Brusko TM, Russ HA, Chen J, Egli D, Mathews CE. Use of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Build Isogenic Systems and Investigate Type 1 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:737276. [PMID: 34858326 PMCID: PMC8630743 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.737276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a disease that arises due to complex immunogenetic mechanisms. Key cell-cell interactions involved in the pathogenesis of T1D are activation of autoreactive T cells by dendritic cells (DC), migration of T cells across endothelial cells (EC) lining capillary walls into the islets of Langerhans, interaction of T cells with macrophages in the islets, and killing of β-cells by autoreactive CD8+ T cells. Overall, pathogenic cell-cell interactions are likely regulated by the individual's collection of genetic T1D-risk variants. To accurately model the role of genetics, it is essential to build systems to interrogate single candidate genes in isolation during the interactions of cells that are essential for disease development. However, obtaining single-donor matched cells relevant to T1D is a challenge. Sourcing these genetic variants from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) avoids this limitation. Herein, we have differentiated iPSC from one donor into DC, macrophages, EC, and β-cells. Additionally, we also engineered T cell avatars from the same donor to provide an in vitro platform to study genetic influences on these critical cellular interactions. This proof of concept demonstrates the ability to derive an isogenic system from a single donor to study these relevant cell-cell interactions. Our system constitutes an interdisciplinary approach with a controlled environment that provides a proof-of-concept for future studies to determine the role of disease alleles (e.g. IFIH1, PTPN22, SH2B3, TYK2) in regulating cell-cell interactions and cell-specific contributions to the pathogenesis of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas H. Armitage
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Scott E. Stimpson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Katherine E. Santostefano
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Center for Cellular Reprogramming, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Century Therapeutics, iPSC Biology, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lina Sui
- Department of Pediatrics, Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Similoluwa Ogundare
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Brittney N. Newby
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Roberto Castro-Gutierrez
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Mollie K. Huber
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jared P. Taylor
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Prerana Sharma
- Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Ilian A. Radichev
- Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Daniel J. Perry
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Natalie C. Fredette
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Center for Cellular Reprogramming, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Alexei Y. Savinov
- Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Mark A. Wallet
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Century Therapeutics, Immunology, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Naohiro Terada
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Center for Cellular Reprogramming, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Todd M. Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Holger A. Russ
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Dieter Egli
- Department of Pediatrics, Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Clayton E. Mathews
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Center for Cellular Reprogramming, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Clayton E. Mathews,
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28
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Chojnacka-Puchta L, Sawicka D. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in a chicken model: current approaches and applications. J Appl Genet 2020; 61:221-229. [PMID: 31925767 PMCID: PMC7148258 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-020-00537-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Improvements in genome editing technology in birds using primordial germ cells (PGCs) have made the development of innovative era genome-edited avian models possible, including specific chicken bioreactors, production of knock-in/out chickens, low-allergenicity eggs, and disease-resistance models. New strategies, including CRISPR/Cas9, have made gene editing easy and highly efficient in comparison to the well-known process of homologous recombination. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technique enables us to understand the function of genes and/or to modify the animal phenotype to fit a specific scientific or production target. To facilitate chicken genome engineering applications, we present a concise description of the method and current application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in chickens. Different strategies for delivering sgRNAs and the Cas9 protein, we also present extensively. Furthermore, we describe a new gesicle technology as a way to deliver Cas9/sgRNA complexes into target cells, and we discuss the advantages and describe basal applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in a chicken model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Chojnacka-Puchta
- Department of Bioengineering, Lukasiewicz Research Network, Institute of Biotechnology and Antibiotics, Staroscinska 5, 02-516, Warsaw, Poland. .,Department of Chemical, Biological and Aerosol Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection-National Research Institute, Czerniakowska 16, 00-701, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dorota Sawicka
- Department of Bioengineering, Lukasiewicz Research Network, Institute of Biotechnology and Antibiotics, Staroscinska 5, 02-516, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Chemical, Biological and Aerosol Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection-National Research Institute, Czerniakowska 16, 00-701, Warsaw, Poland
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29
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Ma L, Ruan J, Song J, Wen L, Yang D, Zhao J, Xia X, Chen YE, Zhang J, Xu J. MiCas9 increases large size gene knock-in rates and reduces undesirable on-target and off-target indel edits. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6082. [PMID: 33247137 PMCID: PMC7695827 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19842-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene editing nuclease represented by Cas9 efficiently generates DNA double strand breaks at the target locus, followed by repair through either the error-prone non-homologous end joining or the homology directed repair pathways. To improve Cas9's homology directed repair capacity, here we report the development of miCas9 by fusing a minimal motif consisting of thirty-six amino acids to spCas9. MiCas9 binds RAD51 through this fusion motif and enriches RAD51 at the target locus. In comparison to spCas9, miCas9 enhances double-stranded DNA mediated large size gene knock-in rates, systematically reduces off-target insertion and deletion events, maintains or increases single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides mediated precise gene editing rates, and effectively reduces on-target insertion and deletion rates in knock-in applications. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this fusion motif can work as a "plug and play" module, compatible and synergistic with other Cas9 variants. MiCas9 and the minimal fusion motif may find broad applications in gene editing research and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyuan Ma
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical School, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jinxue Ruan
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical School, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jun Song
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical School, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Luan Wen
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical School, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Dongshan Yang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical School, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jiangyang Zhao
- Research & Development, ATGC Inc., 100 E Lancaster Avenue, LIMR Building Lab129, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Xia
- Research & Development, ATGC Inc., 100 E Lancaster Avenue, LIMR Building Lab129, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical School, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical School, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Jie Xu
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical School, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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30
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Ates I, Rathbone T, Stuart C, Bridges PH, Cottle RN. Delivery Approaches for Therapeutic Genome Editing and Challenges. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1113. [PMID: 32977396 PMCID: PMC7597956 DOI: 10.3390/genes11101113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Impressive therapeutic advances have been possible through the advent of zinc-finger nucleases and transcription activator-like effector nucleases. However, discovery of the more efficient and highly tailorable clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and associated proteins (Cas9) has provided unprecedented gene-editing capabilities for treatment of various inherited and acquired diseases. Despite recent clinical trials, a major barrier for therapeutic gene editing is the absence of safe and effective methods for local and systemic delivery of gene-editing reagents. In this review, we elaborate on the challenges and provide practical considerations for improving gene editing. Specifically, we highlight issues associated with delivery of gene-editing tools into clinically relevant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilayda Ates
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (I.A.); (T.R.); (C.S.)
| | - Tanner Rathbone
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (I.A.); (T.R.); (C.S.)
| | - Callie Stuart
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (I.A.); (T.R.); (C.S.)
| | - P. Hudson Bridges
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Renee N. Cottle
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (I.A.); (T.R.); (C.S.)
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Miri SM, Tafsiri E, Cho WCS, Ghaemi A. CRISPR-Cas, a robust gene-editing technology in the era of modern cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:456. [PMID: 32973401 PMCID: PMC7493839 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01546-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has been emerged as a promising strategy for treatment of a broad spectrum of malignancies ranging from hematological to solid tumors. One of the principal approaches of cancer immunotherapy is transfer of natural or engineered tumor-specific T-cells into patients, a so called "adoptive cell transfer", or ACT, process. Construction of allogeneic T-cells is dependent on the employment of a gene-editing tool to modify donor-extracted T-cells and prepare them to specifically act against tumor cells with enhanced function and durability and least side-effects. In this context, CRISPR technology can be used to produce universal T-cells, equipped with recombinant T cell receptor (TCR) or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), through multiplex genome engineering using Cas nucleases. The robust potential of CRISPR-Cas in preparing the building blocks of ACT immunotherapy has broaden the application of such therapies and some of them have gotten FDA approvals. Here, we have collected the last investigations in the field of immuno-oncology conducted in partnership with CRISPR technology. In addition, studies that have addressed the challenges in the path of CRISPR-mediated cancer immunotherapy, as well as pre-treatment applications of CRISPR-Cas have been mentioned in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elham Tafsiri
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Ghaemi
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, P.O.Box: 1316943551, Iran
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Swafford AJM, Hussey SP, Fritz-Laylin LK. High-efficiency electroporation of chytrid fungi. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15145. [PMID: 32934254 PMCID: PMC7493940 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71618-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Two species of parasitic fungi from the phylum Chytridiomycota (chytrids) are annihilating global amphibian populations. These chytrid species-Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and B. salamandrivorans-have high rates of mortality and transmission. Upon establishing infection in amphibians, chytrids rapidly multiply within the skin and disrupt their hosts' vital homeostasis mechanisms. Current disease models suggest that chytrid fungi locate and infect their hosts during a motile, unicellular 'zoospore' life stage. Moreover, other chytrid species parasitize organisms from across the tree of life, making future epidemics in new hosts a likely possibility. Efforts to mitigate the damage and spread of chytrid disease have been stymied by the lack of knowledge about basic chytrid biology and tools with which to test molecular hypotheses about disease mechanisms. To overcome this bottleneck, we have developed high-efficiency delivery of molecular payloads into chytrid zoospores using electroporation. Our electroporation protocols result in payload delivery to between 75 and 97% of living cells of three species: B. dendrobatidis, B. salamandrivorans, and a non-pathogenic relative, Spizellomyces punctatus. This method lays the foundation for molecular genetic tools needed to establish ecological mitigation strategies and answer broader questions in evolutionary and cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J M Swafford
- Department of Biology, The University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Shane P Hussey
- Department of Biology, The University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Lillian K Fritz-Laylin
- Department of Biology, The University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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33
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CRISPR-Mediated Non-Viral Site-Specific Gene Integration and Expression in T Cells: Protocol and Application for T-Cell Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061704. [PMID: 32604839 PMCID: PMC7352666 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells engineered with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) show great promise in the treatment of some cancers. Modifying T cells to express CARs generally relies on T-cell transduction using viral vectors carrying a transgene, resulting in semi-random DNA integration within the T-cell genome. While this approach has proven successful and is used in generating the Food and Drug Administration (FDA, USA) approved B-lymphocyte antigen CD19-specific CAR T cells, it is possible the transgene could integrate into a locus that would lead to malignant transformation of the engineered T cells. In addition, manufacturing viral vectors is time-consuming and expensive. One way to overcome these challenges is site-specific gene integration, which can be achieved through clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) mediated editing and non-viral DNA, which serves as a template for homology-directed repair (HDR). This non-viral gene editing approach provides a rapid, highly specific, and inexpensive way to engineer T cells. Here, we describe an optimized protocol for the site-specific knock-in of a large transgene in primary human T cells using non-viral double stranded DNA as a repair template. As proof-of-principle, we targeted the T-cell receptor alpha constant (TRAC) locus for insertion of a large transgene containing green fluorescence protein (GFP) and interleukin-15 (IL-15). To optimize the knock-in conditions we tested template DNA concentration, homology arm length, cell number, and knock-in efficiency over time. We then applied these established guidelines to target the TRAC or interleukin-13 (IL-13) locus for the knock-in of synthetic molecules, such as a CAR, bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE), and other transgenes. While integration efficiency depends on the targeted gene locus and selected transgene, this optimized protocol reliably generates the desired insertion at rates upwards of 20%. Thus, it should serve as a good starting point for investigators who are interested in knocking in transgenes into specific loci.
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34
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Jiang M, Zhang X, Liu H, LeBron J, Alexandris A, Peng Q, Gu H, Yang F, Li Y, Wang R, Hou Z, Arbez N, Ren Q, Dong JL, Whela E, Wang R, Ratovitski T, Troncoso JC, Mori S, Ross CA, Lim J, Duan W. Nemo-like kinase reduces mutant huntingtin levels and mitigates Huntington's disease. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:1340-1352. [PMID: 32242231 PMCID: PMC7254850 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nemo-like kinase (NLK), an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase, is highly expressed in the brain, but its function in the adult brain remains not well understood. In this study, we identify NLK as an interactor of huntingtin protein (HTT). We report that NLK levels are significantly decreased in HD human brain and HD models. Importantly, overexpression of NLK in the striatum attenuates brain atrophy, preserves striatal DARPP32 levels and reduces mutant HTT (mHTT) aggregation in HD mice. In contrast, genetic reduction of NLK exacerbates brain atrophy and loss of DARPP32 in HD mice. Moreover, we demonstrate that NLK lowers mHTT levels in a kinase activity-dependent manner, while having no significant effect on normal HTT protein levels in mouse striatal cells, human cells and HD mouse models. The NLK-mediated lowering of mHTT is associated with enhanced phosphorylation of mHTT. Phosphorylation defective mutation of serine at amino acid 120 (S120) abolishes the mHTT-lowering effect of NLK, suggesting that S120 phosphorylation is an important step in the NLK-mediated lowering of mHTT. A further mechanistic study suggests that NLK promotes mHTT ubiquitination and degradation via the proteasome pathway. Taken together, our results indicate a protective role of NLK in HD and reveal a new molecular target to reduce mHTT levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mali Jiang
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hongshuai Liu
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jared LeBron
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Athanasios Alexandris
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qi Peng
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hao Gu
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fanghan Yang
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yuchen Li
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruiling Wang
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhipeng Hou
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicolas Arbez
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qianwei Ren
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jen-Li Dong
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emma Whela
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ronald Wang
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tamara Ratovitski
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susumu Mori
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher A Ross
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Janghoo Lim
- Departments of Genetics and of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wenzhen Duan
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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35
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Hosseini ES, Nikkhah M, Hamidieh AA, Fearnhead HO, Concordet JP, Hosseinkhani S. The Lumiptosome, an engineered luminescent form of the apoptosome can report cell death by using the same Apaf-1 dependent pathway. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/10/jcs242636. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.242636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Detection of the apoptosis signature becomes central in understanding cell death modes. We present here a whole-cell biosensor that detects Apaf-1 association and apoptosome formation using a split-luciferase complementary assay. Fusion of N-terminal (Nluc) and C-terminal (Cluc)-fragments of firefly luciferase to the N-terminus of human Apaf-1 was performed in HEK293 cells by using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. This resulted in a luminescent form of the apoptosome that we named ‘Lumiptosome’. During Apaf-1 gene editing, a high number of knock-in events were observed without selection, suggesting that the Apaf-1 locus is important for the integration of exogenous transgenes. Since activation of caspase-9 is directly dependent on the apoptosome formation, measured reconstitution of luciferase activity should result from the cooperative association of Nluc-Apaf-1 and Cluc-Apaf-1. Time-response measurements also confirmed that formation of the apoptosome occurs prior to activation of caspase-3. Additionally, overexpression of the Bcl2 apoptosis regulator in transgenic and normal HEK293 cells confirmed that formation of the Lumiptosome depends on release of cytochrome c. Thus, HEK293 cells that stably express the Lumiptosome can be utilized to screen pro- and anti-apoptotic drugs, and to examine Apaf-1-dependent cellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Sadat Hosseini
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, NUI, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratoire Structure et Instabilité des Génomes - INSERM U1154 - CNRS 7196; Laboratoire de Biophysique, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, F-75231, France
| | - Maryam Nikkhah
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Hamidieh
- Pediatric Cell Therapy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Howard O. Fearnhead
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, NUI, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jean-Paul Concordet
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratoire Structure et Instabilité des Génomes - INSERM U1154 - CNRS 7196; Laboratoire de Biophysique, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, F-75231, France
| | - Saman Hosseinkhani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-175, Iran
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36
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Srifa W, Kosaric N, Amorin A, Jadi O, Park Y, Mantri S, Camarena J, Gurtner GC, Porteus M. Cas9-AAV6-engineered human mesenchymal stromal cells improved cutaneous wound healing in diabetic mice. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2470. [PMID: 32424320 PMCID: PMC7235221 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) are a promising source for engineered cell-based therapies in which genetic engineering could enhance therapeutic efficacy and install novel cellular functions. Here, we describe an optimized Cas9-AAV6-based genome editing tool platform for site-specific mutagenesis and integration of up to more than 3 kilobases of exogenous DNA in the genome of hMSCs derived from the bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord blood without altering their ex vivo characteristics. We generate safe harbor-integrated lines of engineered hMSCs and show that engineered luciferase-expressing hMSCs are transiently active in vivo in wound beds of db/db mice. Moreover, we generate PDGF-BB- and VEGFA-hypersecreting hMSC lines as short-term, local wound healing agents with superior therapeutic efficacy over wildtype hMSCs in the diabetic mouse model without replacing resident cells long-term. This study establishes a precise genetic engineering platform for genetic studies of hMSCs and development of engineered hMSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waracharee Srifa
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Program in Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Nina Kosaric
- Program in Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alvaro Amorin
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Othmane Jadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yujin Park
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sruthi Mantri
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Joab Camarena
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Geoffrey C Gurtner
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Matthew Porteus
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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Fajrial AK, He QQ, Wirusanti NI, Slansky JE, Ding X. A review of emerging physical transfection methods for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing. Theranostics 2020; 10:5532-5549. [PMID: 32373229 PMCID: PMC7196308 DOI: 10.7150/thno.43465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene editing is a versatile technique in biomedicine that promotes fundamental research as well as clinical therapy. The development of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) as a genome editing machinery has accelerated the application of gene editing. However, the delivery of CRISPR components often suffers when using conventional transfection methods, such as viral transduction and chemical vectors, due to limited packaging size and inefficiency toward certain cell types. In this review, we discuss physical transfection methods for CRISPR gene editing which can overcome these limitations. We outline different types of physical transfection methods, highlight novel techniques to deliver CRISPR components, and emphasize the role of micro and nanotechnology to improve transfection performance. We present our perspectives on the limitations of current technology and provide insights on the future developments of physical transfection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apresio K. Fajrial
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Qing Qing He
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Nurul I. Wirusanti
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherland
| | - Jill E. Slansky
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Ding
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
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38
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Yang TC, Chang CY, Yarmishyn AA, Mao YS, Yang YP, Wang ML, Hsu CC, Yang HY, Hwang DK, Chen SJ, Tsai ML, Lai YH, Tzeng Y, Chang CC, Chiou SH. Carboxylated nanodiamond-mediated CRISPR-Cas9 delivery of human retinoschisis mutation into human iPSCs and mouse retina. Acta Biomater 2020; 101:484-494. [PMID: 31672582 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds (NDs) are considered to be relatively safe carbon nanomaterials used for the transmission of DNA, proteins and drugs. The feasibility of utilizing the NDs to deliver CRISPR-Cas9 system for gene editing has not been clearly studied. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to use NDs as the carriers of CRISPR-Cas9 components designed to introduce the mutation in RS1 gene associated with X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS). ND particles with a diameter of 3 nm were functionalized by carboxylation of the surface and covalently conjugated with fluorescent mCherry protein. Two linear DNA constructs were attached to the conjugated mCherry: one encoded Cas9 endonuclease and GFP reporter, another encoded sgRNA and contained insert of HDR template designed to introduce RS1 c.625C>T mutation. Such nanoparticles were successfully delivered and internalized by human iPSCs and mouse retinas, the efficiency of internalization was significantly improved by mixing with BSA. The delivery of ND particles led to introduction of RS1 c.625C>T mutation in both human iPSCs and mouse retinas. Rs1 gene editing in mouse retinas resulted in several pathological features typical for XLRS, such as aberrant photoreceptor structure. To conclude, our ND-based CRISPR-Cas9 delivery system can be utilized as a tool for creating in vitro and in vivo disease models of XLRS. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) is a prevalent hereditary retinal disease, which is caused by mutations in RS1 gene, whose product is important for structural organization of the retina. The recent development of genome editing techniques such as CRISPR-Cas9 significantly improved the prospects for better understanding the pathology and development of treatment for this disease. Firstly, gene editing can allow development of appropriate in vitro and in vivo disease models; secondly, CRISPR-Cas9 can be applied for gene therapy by removing the disease-causative mutation in vivo. The major prerequisite for these approaches is to develop safe and efficient CRISPR-Cas9 delivery system. In this study, we tested specifically modified nanodiamonds for such a delivery system. We were able to introduce Rs1 mutation into the mouse retina and, importantly, observed several XLRS-specific effects.
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39
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Anderson W, Thorpe J, Long SA, Rawlings DJ. Efficient CRISPR/Cas9 Disruption of Autoimmune-Associated Genes Reveals Key Signaling Programs in Primary Human T Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 203:3166-3178. [PMID: 31722988 PMCID: PMC6904544 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Risk of autoimmunity is associated with multiple genetic variants. Genome-wide association studies have linked single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the phosphatases PTPN22 (rs2476601) and PTPN2 (rs1893217) to increased risk for multiple autoimmune diseases. Previous mouse studies of loss of function or risk variants in these genes revealed hyperactive T cell responses, whereas studies of human lymphocytes revealed contrasting phenotypes. To better understand this dichotomy, we established a robust gene editing platform to rapidly address the consequences of loss of function of candidate genes in primary human CD4+ T cells. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we obtained efficient gene disruption (>80%) of target genes encoding proteins involved in Ag and cytokine receptor signaling pathways including PTPN22 and PTPN2 Loss-of-function data in all genes studied correlated with previous data from mouse models. Further analyses of PTPN2 gene-disrupted T cells demonstrated dynamic effects, by which hyperactive IL-2R signaling promoted compensatory transcriptional events, eventually resulting in T cells that were hyporesponsive to IL-2. These results imply that altered phosphatase activity promotes evolving phenotypes based on Ag experience and/or other programming signals. This approach enables the discovery of molecular mechanisms modulating risk of autoimmunity that have been difficult to parse in traditional mouse models or cross-sectional human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Anderson
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Jerill Thorpe
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - S Alice Long
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - David J Rawlings
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101;
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109; and
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
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40
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O'Connor KC. Molecular Profiles of Cell-to-Cell Variation in the Regenerative Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:5924878. [PMID: 31636675 PMCID: PMC6766122 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5924878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell variation in the regenerative potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) impedes the translation of MSC therapies into clinical practice. Cellular heterogeneity is ubiquitous across MSC cultures from different species and tissues. This review highlights advances to elucidate molecular profiles that identify cell subsets with specific regenerative properties in heterogeneous MSC cultures. Cell surface markers and global signatures are presented for proliferation and differentiation potential, as well as immunomodulation and trophic properties. Key knowledge gaps are discussed as potential areas of future research. Molecular profiles of MSC heterogeneity have the potential to enable unprecedented control over the regenerative potential of MSC therapies through the discovery of new molecular targets and as quality attributes to develop robust and reproducible biomanufacturing processes. These advances would have a positive impact on the nascent field of MSC therapeutics by accelerating the development of therapies with more consistent and effective treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim C. O'Connor
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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41
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Shao Q, Esseltine JL, Huang T, Novielli-Kuntz N, Ching JE, Sampson J, Laird DW. Connexin43 is Dispensable for Early Stage Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Adipogenic Differentiation But is Protective against Cell Senescence. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E474. [PMID: 31514306 PMCID: PMC6770901 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last couple of decades, there has been a growing optimism surrounding the potential transformative use of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for regenerative medicine and disease treatment. In order for this to occur, it is first essential to understand the mechanisms underpinning their cell-fate specification, which includes cell signaling via gap junctional intercellular communication. Here, we investigated the role of the prototypical gap junction protein, connexin43 (Cx43), in governing the differentiation of iPSCs into MSCs and MSC differentiation along the adipogenic lineage. We found that control iPSCs, as well as iPSCs derived from oculodentodigital dysplasia patient fibroblasts harboring a GJA1 (Cx43) gene mutation, successfully and efficiently differentiated into LipidTox and perilipin-positive cells, indicating cell differentiation along the adipogenic lineage. Furthermore, the complete CRISPR-Cas9 ablation of Cx43 from iPSCs did not prevent their differentiation into bona fide MSCs or pre-adipocytes, strongly suggesting that even though Cx43 expression is upregulated during adipogenesis, it is expendable. Interestingly, late passage Cx43-ablated MSCs senesced more quickly than control cells, resulting in failure to properly differentiate in vitro. We conclude that despite being upregulated during adipogenesis, Cx43 plays no detectable role in the early stages of human iPSC-derived MSC adipogenic differentiation. However, Cx43 may play a more impactful role in protecting MSCs from premature senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Shao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - Jessica L Esseltine
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada.
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
- Department of Pathology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China.
| | - Nicole Novielli-Kuntz
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - Jamie E Ching
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - Jacinda Sampson
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Dale W Laird
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
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West KA, Lagos D. Long Non-Coding RNA Function in CD4 + T Cells: What We Know and What Next? Noncoding RNA 2019; 5:ncrna5030043. [PMID: 31336952 PMCID: PMC6789709 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna5030043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-coding genome has previously been regarded as "junk" DNA; however, emerging evidence suggests that the non-coding genome accounts for some of the greater biological complexity observed in mammals. Research into long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has gathered speed in recent years, and a growing body of evidence has implicated lncRNAs in a vast range of cellular functions including gene regulation, chromosome organisation and splicing. T helper cells offer an ideal platform for the study of lncRNAs given they function as part of a complex cellular network and undergo remarkable and finely regulated gene expression changes upon antigenic stimulation. Using various knock down and RNA interaction studies several lncRNAs have been shown to be crucial for T helper cell differentiation, activation and function. Given that RNA targeting therapeutics are rapidly gaining attention, further understanding the mechanistic role of lncRNAs in a T helper context is an exciting area of research, as it may unearth a wide range of new candidate targets for treatment of CD4+ mediated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A West
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Dimitris Lagos
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK.
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK.
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Antfolk D, Antila C, Kemppainen K, Landor SKJ, Sahlgren C. Decoding the PTM-switchboard of Notch. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:118507. [PMID: 31301363 PMCID: PMC7116576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The developmentally indispensable Notch pathway exhibits a high grade of pleiotropism in its biological output. Emerging evidence supports the notion of post-translational modifications (PTMs) as a modus operandi controlling dynamic fine-tuning of Notch activity. Although, the intricacy of Notch post-translational regulation, as well as how these modifications lead to multiples of divergent Notch phenotypes is still largely unknown, numerous studies show a correlation between the site of modification and the output. These include glycosylation of the extracellular domain of Notch modulating ligand binding, and phosphorylation of the PEST domain controlling half-life of the intracellular domain of Notch. Furthermore, several reports show that multiple PTMs can act in concert, or compete for the same sites to drive opposite outputs. However, further investigation of the complex PTM crosstalk is required for a complete understanding of the PTM-mediated Notch switchboard. In this review, we aim to provide a consistent and up-to-date summary of the currently known PTMs acting on the Notch signaling pathway, their functions in different contexts, as well as explore their implications in physiology and disease. Furthermore, we give an overview of the present state of PTM research methodology, and allude to a future with PTM-targeted Notch therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Antfolk
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Christian Antila
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Kati Kemppainen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Sebastian K-J Landor
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
| | - Cecilia Sahlgren
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
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44
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Emerging CRISPR/Cas9 applications for T-cell gene editing. Emerg Top Life Sci 2019; 3:261-275. [PMID: 33523139 DOI: 10.1042/etls20180144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gene editing tools are being rapidly developed, accelerating many areas of cell and gene therapy research. Each successive gene editing technology promises increased efficacy, improved specificity, reduced manufacturing cost and design complexity; all of which are currently epitomised by the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein (Cas9) platform. Since its conceptualisation, CRISPR-based gene editing has been applied to existing methodologies and has further allowed the exploration of novel avenues of research. Implementation of CRISPR/Cas9 has been instrumental to recent progress in the treatment of cancer, primary immunodeficiency, and infectious diseases. To this end, T-cell therapies have attempted to harness and redirect antigen recognition function, and through gene editing, broaden T-cell targeting capabilities and enhance their potency. The purpose of this review is to provide insights into emerging applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in T-cell therapies, to briefly address concerns surrounding CRISPR-mediated indel formation, and to introduce CRISPR/Cas9 base editing technologies that hold vast potential for future research and clinical translation.
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Efficient Gene Editing at Major CFTR Mutation Loci. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 16:73-81. [PMID: 30852378 PMCID: PMC6409404 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Nuclease-mediated precise gene editing (PGE) represents a promising therapy for CF, for which an efficient strategy that is free of viral vector, drug selection, and reporter enrichment (VDR free) is desirable. Here we compared different transfection methods (lipofectamine versus electroporation) and formats (plasmid DNA versus ribonucleoprotein) in delivering the CRISPR/Cas9 elements along with single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ssODNs) to clinically relevant cells targeting major CFTR mutation loci. We demonstrate that, among different combinations, electroporation of CRISPR/Cas9 and guide RNA (gRNA) ribonucleoprotein (Cas9 RNP) is the most effective one. By using this VDR-free method, 4.8% to 27.2% efficiencies were achieved in creating dF508, G542X, and G551D mutations in a wild-type induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line. When it is applied to a patient-derived iPSC line carrying the dF508 mutation, a greater than 20% precise correction rate was achieved. As expected, genetic correction leads to the restoration of CFTR function in iPSC-derived proximal lung organoids, as well as in a patient-derived adenocarcinoma cell line CFPAC-1. The present work demonstrates the feasibility of gene editing-based therapeutics toward monogenic diseases such as CF.
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Hamann A, Nguyen A, Pannier AK. Nucleic acid delivery to mesenchymal stem cells: a review of nonviral methods and applications. J Biol Eng 2019; 13:7. [PMID: 30675180 PMCID: PMC6339289 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-019-0140-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can be isolated and expanded from many tissues, and are being investigated for use in cell therapies. Though MSC therapies have demonstrated some success, none have been FDA approved for clinical use. MSCs lose stemness ex vivo, decreasing therapeutic potential, and face additional barriers in vivo, decreasing therapeutic efficacy. Culture optimization and genetic modification of MSCs can overcome these barriers. Viral transduction is efficient, but limited by safety concerns related to mutagenicity of integrating viral vectors and potential immunogenicity of viral antigens. Nonviral delivery methods are safer, though limited by inefficiency and toxicity, and are flexible and scalable, making them attractive for engineering MSC therapies. Main text Transfection method and nucleic acid determine efficiency and expression profile in transfection of MSCs. Transfection methods include microinjection, electroporation, and nanocarrier delivery. Microinjection and electroporation are efficient, but are limited by throughput and toxicity. In contrast, a variety of nanocarriers have been demonstrated to transfer nucleic acids into cells, however nanocarrier delivery to MSCs has traditionally been inefficient. To improve efficiency, plasmid sequences can be optimized by choice of promoter, inclusion of DNA targeting sequences, and removal of bacterial elements. Instead of DNA, RNA can be delivered for rapid protein expression or regulation of endogenous gene expression. Beyond choice of nanocarrier and nucleic acid, transfection can be optimized by priming cells with media additives and cell culture surface modifications to modulate barriers of transfection. Media additives known to enhance MSC transfection include glucocorticoids and histone deacetylase inhibitors. Culture surface properties known to modulate MSC transfection include substrate stiffness and specific protein coating. If nonviral gene delivery to MSCs can be sufficiently improved, MSC therapies could be enhanced by transfection for guided differentiation and reprogramming, transplantation survival and directed homing, and secretion of therapeutics. We discuss utilized delivery methods and nucleic acids, and resulting efficiency and outcomes, in transfection of MSCs reported for such applications. Conclusion Recent developments in transfection methods, including nanocarrier and nucleic acid technologies, combined with chemical and physical priming of MSCs, may sufficiently improve transfection efficiency, enabling scalable genetic engineering of MSCs, potentially bringing effective MSC therapies to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Hamann
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 231 L.W. Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0726 USA
| | - Albert Nguyen
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 231 L.W. Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0726 USA
| | - Angela K Pannier
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 231 L.W. Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0726 USA
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Golchin A, Shams F, Karami F. Advancing Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy with CRISPR/Cas9 for Clinical Trial Studies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1247:89-100. [PMID: 31974923 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Currently, regenerative medicine and cellular-based therapy have been in the center of attention worldwide in advanced medical technology. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) as a suitable stem cell source for cell-based therapy has been shown to be safe and effective in multiple clinical trial studies (CTSs) of several diseases. Despite the advantages, MSC needs more investigation to enhance its therapeutic application. The CRISPR/Cas system is a novel technique for editing of genes that is being explored as a means to improve MSCs therapeutic usage. In this study, we review the recent studies that explore CRISPR potency in gene engineering of MSCs, which have great relevance in MSC-based therapies. However, CRISPR/Cas technology make possible specific targeting of loci in target genes, but next-generation MSC-based therapies to achieve extensive clinical application need dedicated efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Golchin
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. .,Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Forough Shams
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Karami
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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