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Benovics M, Rahmouni C, Řehulková E, Nejat F, Šimková A. Uncovering the monogenean species diversity of cyprinoid fish in Iraq using an integrative approach. Parasitology 2024; 151:220-246. [PMID: 38116665 PMCID: PMC10941050 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182023001348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The freshwaters of Iraq harbour a high diversity of endemic and phylogenetically unique species. One of the most diversified fish groups in this region is cyprinoids, and although their distribution is relatively well known, their monogenean parasites have only rarely been investigated. Herein, we applied an integrative approach, combining morphology with molecular data, to assess the diversity and phylogeny of cyprinoid-associated monogenean parasites. A total of 33 monogenean species were collected and identified from 13 endemic cyprinoid species. The highest species diversity was recorded for Dactylogyrus (Dactylogyridae, 16 species) and Gyrodactylus (Gyrodactylidae, 12 species). Four species of Dactylogyrus and 12 species of Gyrodactylus were identified as new to science and described. Two other genera, Dogielius (Dactylogyridae) and Paradiplozoon (Diplozoidae), were represented only by 4 and 1 species, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses of the Dactylogyrus and Gyrodactylus species revealed that the local congeners do not form a monophyletic group and are phylogenetically closely related to species from other regions (i.e. Europe, North Africa and Eastern Asia). These findings support the assumption that the Middle East served as an important historical crossroads for the interchange of fauna between these 3 geographic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Benovics
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - C. Rahmouni
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - E. Řehulková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - F. Nejat
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - A. Šimková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Banu H, Swain HS, Das PC, Nandanpawar P, Dash SP. First report of Dactylogyrus formosus from India: a case of co-existence with Paradactylogyrus catlaius causing mass mortality in Indian major carp, Catla catla. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:32. [PMID: 38086997 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08030-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The family Dactylogyridae, known for its role as a frequent pathogen in Cyprinids, was identified in a case of mass mortality involving Catla catla fingerlings (measuring 6.5 ± 2.0 cm and weighing 40.5 ± 10 g) in West Bengal, India. Microscopic examination revealed the presence of two co-existing parasites, Dactylogyrus formosus and Paradactylogyrus catlaius, attached to different sections of the gill filament. Despite their coexistence, these parasites exhibited marked differences in their haptoral hard parts, genital organs, and preferred habitats. Molecular analysis of the Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 and 4 genes indicated more than 90% similarity between the detected parasite and D. formosus previously reported in China. Histopathological observations illustrated the parasites' specific attachment to the distal end of the primary gill lamellae, gradually causing destruction to a maximum number of secondary lamellae. Internally, infiltration of eosinophilic granular cells was observed in gill and kidney blood vessels, while the liver exhibited hepatocytes filled with hemosiderin. The infected fish were treated for 24 h with a safe dose of common salt (5.6 ppt) and albendazole (62 ppm). The survivability rate was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in both treated groups compared to the control. Interestingly, the group treated with common salt showed superior results compared to the albendazole-treated fish. This study presents the sympatric speciation of D. formosus in a new host (C. catla) and explores its host specificity, histopathology, and treatment methods. This case marks the first report of D. formosus causing substantial mortality in cultured Catla in India, alongside the coexistence with Paradactylogyrus catlaius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husne Banu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, ICAR-CIFE, Kolkata Center, Kolkata, India.
| | - Himanshu S Swain
- Department of Aquaculture Production and Environment, ICAR-CIFA, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Pratap C Das
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, ICAR-CIFE, Kolkata Center, Kolkata, India
- Department of Aquaculture Production and Environment, ICAR-CIFA, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Priyanka Nandanpawar
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, ICAR-CIFE, Kolkata Center, Kolkata, India
- Department of Aquaculture Production and Environment, ICAR-CIFA, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Shweta Priyadarshini Dash
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, ICAR-CIFE, Kolkata Center, Kolkata, India
- Department of Aquaculture Production and Environment, ICAR-CIFA, Bhubaneswar, India
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Řehulková E, Seifertová M, Francová K, Šimková A. Nearctic Dactylogyrus species (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea) parasitizing cypriniform fishes in the context of morphology and phylogeny, with descriptions of seven new species. Parasite 2023; 30:30. [PMID: 37589452 PMCID: PMC10433842 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2023032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal DNA sequences are currently available for 32 morphologically recognized species of Dactylogyrus parasitizing Nearctic cypriniforms, but only 16 of them are assigned to nominal species. Herein, morphological data on 28 of the 32 species are provided, together with comments on their phylogenetic relationships in the context of the morphology of taxonomically important structures. Seven new species of Dactylogyrus are described from five species of leuciscids and one species of catostomids, as follows: D. aduncus n. sp. from Campostoma spadiceum, D. cloutmani n. sp. from Luxilus chrysocephalus isolepis, D. cornifrons n. sp. from Cyprinella venusta, D. fimbratus n. sp. from Rhinichthys cataractae, D. mcallisteri n. sp. from Semotilus atromaculatus, and D. chieni n. sp. and D. haneki n. sp. from Hypentelium nigricans. Four previously described species of Dactylogyrus, D. atromaculatus from S. atromaculatus, D. eos from C. neogaeus, D. parvicirrus from Notemigonus crysoleucas and D. perlus from L. c. isolepis, are redescribed and/or figured. As for the remaining 17 species, only the male copulatory organs (MCOs) taken from the respective hologenophores are illustrated. On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, two main clades of Nearctic Dactylogyrus were recognized and supported by the different morphology of the MCO. The first one included 22 strictly Nearctic species sharing the same MCO type with Dactylogyrus spp. parasitizing cyprinids likely of Asian origin. The second clade encompassed Dactylogyrus spp. with diverse MCO morphology and was placed in the sister position to Dactylogyrus spp. parasitizing European leuciscids and North-West African cyprinids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Řehulková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Kotlářská 2 611 37 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Mária Seifertová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Kotlářská 2 611 37 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Francová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Kotlářská 2 611 37 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Šimková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Kotlářská 2 611 37 Brno Czech Republic
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Molokomme PS, Benovics M, Luus-Powell WJ, Lukhele LP, Přikrylová I. Dactylogyrus spp. (Dactylogyridae, Monogenea) from tinfoil barb, Barbonymus schwanenfeldii imported into South Africa: morphometric and molecular characterisation. Parasite 2023; 30:29. [PMID: 37565987 PMCID: PMC10416761 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2023031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reports on three species of Dactylogyrus Diesing, 1850 (Dactylogyridae) collected from tinfoil barb, Barbonymus schwanenfeldii (Bleeker) which were imported into South Africa as ornamental fish from Sri Lanka and Thailand. Supplementary morphometric characterisation and molecular data (partial 18S and 28S rDNA, and ITS1 region sequences) are presented for Dactylogyrus lampam (Lim & Furtado, 1986), Dactylogyrus tapienensis Chinabut & Lim, 1993 and Dactylogyrus viticulus Chinabut & Lim, 1993. Prevalence of Dactylogyrus spp. infection was 87% and 80% for fish from Sri Lanka and Thailand, respectively. Composition of the parasites between the fish of each origin differed. All three species were found to infect fish from Thailand, but only D. lampam was present on the fish received from Sri Lanka. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the position of studied species, with D. lampam clustering within the lineages of varicorhini-type species, while D. tapienensis and D. viticulus form a sister lineage to Dactylogyrus spp. associated with Cyprinus carpio L. and Carassius spp., species parasitising central African large cyprinids (Labeo Cuvier), and species parasitising African and Middle Eastern Carasobarbus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince S. Molokomme
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DSI-NRF SARChI Chair (Ecosystem Health), Department of Biodiversity, University of Limpopo Sovenga 0727 South Africa
| | - Michal Benovics
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Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University 611 37 Brno Czech Republic
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Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava 841 04 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Wilmien J. Luus-Powell
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DSI-NRF SARChI Chair (Ecosystem Health), Department of Biodiversity, University of Limpopo Sovenga 0727 South Africa
| | - Linda P. Lukhele
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DSI-NRF SARChI Chair (Ecosystem Health), Department of Biodiversity, University of Limpopo Sovenga 0727 South Africa
| | - Iva Přikrylová
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DSI-NRF SARChI Chair (Ecosystem Health), Department of Biodiversity, University of Limpopo Sovenga 0727 South Africa
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Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University Potchefstroom 2520 South Africa
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Porter M, Barton DP, Francis N, Shamsi S. Description of two new species of Diplectanum Diesing, 1858 (Monogenea: Diplectanidae) collected from Protonibea diacanthus (Lacepède, 1802) (Teleostei: Sciaenidae) from waters off northern Australia. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2023; 21:99-109. [PMID: 37188004 PMCID: PMC10176033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Two new species of the family Diplectanidae Monticelli, 1903 from the gills of Protonibea diacanthus (Lacepède, 1802) (Teleostei: Sciaenidae) off the northern Australian coast are described. Previous studies have either morphological or genetic results, whereas this study combines morphological and advanced molecular methods to provide the first detailed descriptions for species of Diplectanum Diesing, 1858 from Australia utilising both methodologies. Two new species, Diplectanum timorcanthus n. sp. and Diplectanum diacanthi n. sp., are morphologically described and genetically characterised using the partial nuclear 28S ribosomal RNA gene (28S rRNA) and the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) partial sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Porter
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
- Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
- Corresponding author. School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia.
| | - Diane P. Barton
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
- Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
| | - Nidhish Francis
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
- Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
| | - Shokoofeh Shamsi
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
- Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
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Ondračková M, Seifertová M, Tkachenko MY, Vetešník L, Liu H, Demchenko V, Kvach Y. The parasites of a successful invader: monogeneans of the Asian topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva, with description of a new species of Gyrodactylus. Parasite 2023; 30:22. [PMID: 37326471 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2023024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Monogenean parasites are often co-introduced with their fish hosts into novel areas. This study confirmed co-introduction of two dactylogyrids, Dactylogyrus squameus Gusev, 1955 and Bivaginogyrus obscurus (Gusev, 1955), and a newly described gyrodactylid species, Gyrodactylus pseudorasborae n. sp. into Europe along with their fish host, the invasive topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck & Schlegel) from East Asia. All three species were observed in the lower Dnieper and middle Danube basin regions and had slightly larger haptoral hard parts than the same parasites in their native range. While dactylogyrids occurred sporadically, we recorded regular infection by G. pseudorasborae n. sp. at relatively high prevalence and abundance. This latter species was observed in both the native and non-native range of topmouth gudgeon, and resembles Gyrodactylus parvae You et al., 2008 recently described from P. parva in China. Both species were distinguished based on genetic analysis of their ITS rDNA sequence (6.6% difference), and morphometric differences in the marginal hooks and male copulatory organ. Phylogenetic analysis of dactylogyrid monogeneans showed that B. obscurus clustered with Dactylogyrus species parasitising Gobionidae and Xenocyprididae, including D. squameus, supporting recent suggestions of a paraphyletic origin of the Dactylogyrus genus. In addition to co-introduced parasites, topmouth gudgeon was infected with a local generalist, G. prostae Ergens, 1964, increasing the number of monogeneans acquired in Europe to three species. Nevertheless, monogenean infections were generally lower in non-native host populations, potentially giving an advantage to invading topmouth gudgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Ondračková
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mária Seifertová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Yu Tkachenko
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Vetešník
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Huanzhang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Viktor Demchenko
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 37 Pushkinska St., 65048 Odesa, Ukraine
| | - Yuriy Kvach
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic - Institute of Marine Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 37 Pushkinska St., 65048 Odesa, Ukraine
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Benovics M, Vukić J, Šanda R, Nejat F, Charmpila EA, Buj I, Shumka S, Porcelloti S, Tarkan SA, Aksu S, Emiroğlu O, Šimková A. Monogeneans and chubs: Ancient host-parasite system under the looking glass. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 179:107667. [PMID: 36400419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Host-parasite coevolution is one of the fundamentals of evolutionary biology. Due to the intertwined evolutionary history of two interacting species and reciprocal coadaptation processes of hosts and parasites, we can expect that studying parasites will shed more light onto the evolutionary processes of their hosts. Monogenea (ectoparasitic Platyhelminthes) and their cyprinoid fish hosts represent one of the best models for studying host-parasite evolutionary relationships using a cophylogenetic approach. These parasites have developed remarkably high host specificity, where each host species often serves as a potential host for its own host-specific monogenean species. Here, the cophylogenetic relationships in the Dactylogyrus-Squalius system was investigated, as Squalius is one of several cyprinoid genera with puzzling phylogeography and inhabits all four major peri-Mediterranean peninsulas. Of 29 endemic Squalius species examined for the presence of Dactylogyrus parasites, a total of 13 Dactylogyrus species were collected from the gills of 20 Squalius species across a wide range of distribution. Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed a polyphyletic origin for Dactylogyrus species parasitizing congeneric Squalius, with four major clades being recognized. On the basis of the delimitation of host specificity, strict specialists parasitizing single host species, geographic specialists parasitizing congeners in a limited geographical region, and true generalists parasitizing congeners in various geographical regions were recognized in Dactylogyrus species parasitizing Squalius. The phylogenetic reconstruction of Squalius hosts revealed two major clades, the first encompassing only peri-Mediterranean species and the second including species from other Euro-Asian regions. Distance-based cophylogenetic methods did not reveal a statistically significant global cophylogenetic structure in the studied system; however, several host-parasite links among Iberian endemic species contributed significantly to the overall structure. The widest host range and associated genetic variability were recorded for D. folkmanovae, parasitizing nine Squalius species, and D. vistulae, parasitizing 13 Squalius species. Two different dispersion mechanisms and morphological adaptations to Squalius hosts were clearly reflected in the contrasting cophylogenetic patterns for these two species with different levels of host specificity. While host-parasite cospeciation plays an important role in diversification within D. folkmanovae, diversification within D. vistulae is driven mainly by host switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Benovics
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - J Vukić
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague 2 128 44, Czech Republic.
| | - R Šanda
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague 2 128 44, Czech Republic; Department of Zoology, National Museum, Václavské Náměstí 68, Prague 1 110 00, Czech Republic.
| | - F Nejat
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - E A Charmpila
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague 2 128 44, Czech Republic.
| | - I Buj
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 100 00 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - S Shumka
- Department of Biotechnology and Food, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania.
| | - S Porcelloti
- Associazione Ichthyos Italia, Via. A Cecchi 12, 52100 Arezzo, Italy.
| | - S A Tarkan
- Faculty of Fisheries, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Menteşe 480 00, Muğla, Turkey; Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.
| | - S Aksu
- Vocational School of Health Services, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Büyükdere Meşelik Yerleşkesi, 26040 Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - O Emiroğlu
- Vocational School of Health Services, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Büyükdere Meşelik Yerleşkesi, 26040 Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - A Šimková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Acosta AA, Truter M, Malherbe W, Smit NJ. Morphological description and molecular characterisation of Dactylogyrus matlopong sp. n. (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) from the South African endemic Labeobarbus aeneus (Cyprinidae: Torinae). Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2022; 69. [DOI: 10.14411/fp.2022.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Seidlová L, Benovics M, Šimková A. Gill monogeneans of neotropical cichlid fish: diversity, phylogenetic relationships, and host-parasite cophylogenetic associations. Int J Parasitol 2022; 52:603-615. [PMID: 35760375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Host-parasite coevolution is one of the main topics of the evolutionary biology of host-parasite associations. The majority of monogeneans parasitizing fish exhibit a high degree of host specificity. As a result, their evolutionary history might be intertwined with that of their fish hosts. The Cichlidae represent a diverse group of secondary freshwater fish with disjunctive distribution. Host-specific dactylogyrid monogeneans commonly parasitize cichlid fish. Their high diversity is associated with the main areas of cichlid distribution, i.e., Neotropical America and Africa. Nevertheless, the parasite fauna of cichlids from Neotropical America is still underexplored. A total of 31 cichlid species were examined for the presence of monogeneans, with 20 of them being parasitized. On these cichlids, 30 monogeneans belonging to the genera Gussevia, Trinidactylus, and Scadicleithrum were identified, 17 of them potentially representing new species for science. Phylogenetic analyses revealed three monophyletic groups of Neotropic cichlid monogeneans. Genus Gussevia was monophyletic, while Sciadicleithrum resulted polyphyletic. Sciedicleithrum from South America and Sciadicleithrum from Mexico represented two divergent lineages. The plesiomorphic Neotropical cichlid host group for dactylogyrid monogeneans was Cichlini, from which the representatives of other Neotropical cichlid tribes were colonized. Cophylogenetic analyses revealed a statistically significant cophylogenetic signal in the investigated host-parasite system, with host switch and duplication representing the main coevolutionary events for monogeneans parasitizing Neotropical cichlids. This scenario is in accordance with previous studies focussed on dactylogyridean monogeneans parasitizing freshwater fish in Europe and Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Seidlová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Benovics
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Šimková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
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Rahmouni C, Vanhove MPM, Šimková A, Van Steenberge M. Morphological and Genetic Divergence in a Gill Monogenean Parasitizing Distant Cichlid Lineages of Lake Tanganyika: Cichlidogyrus nshomboi (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) from Representatives of Boulengerochromini and Perissodini. Evol Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-022-09564-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Kmentová N, Cruz-Laufer AJ, Pariselle A, Smeets K, Artois T, Vanhove MPM. Dactylogyridae 2022: a meta-analysis of phylogenetic studies and generic diagnoses of parasitic flatworms using published genetic and morphological data. Int J Parasitol 2022; 52:427-457. [PMID: 35245493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dactylogyridae is one of the most studied families of parasitic flatworms with more than 1000 species and 166 genera described to date including ecto- and endoparasites. Dactylogyrid monogeneans were suggested as model organisms for host-parasite macroevolutionary and biogeographical studies due to the scientific and economic importance of some of their host lineages. Consequently, an array of phylogenetic research into different dactylogyrid lineages has been produced over the past years but the last family-wide study was published 16 years ago. Here, we provide a meta-analysis of the phylogenetic relationships of Dactylogyridae including representatives of all genera with available molecular data (n=67). First, we investigate the systematic informativeness of morphological characters widely used to diagnose dactylogyrid genera through a parsimony analysis of the characters, character mapping, and phylogenetic comparative methods. Second, we provide an overview of the current state of the systematics of the family and its subfamilies, and summarise potentially poly- and paraphyletic genera. Third, we elaborate on the implications of taxonomic, citation, and confirmation bias in past studies. Fourth, we discuss host range, biogeographical, and freshwater-marine patterns. We found two well-supported macroclades which we assigned to the subfamilies Dactylogyrinae and Ancyrocephalinae. These subfamilies further include 16 well-supported clades with only a few synapomorphies that could be deduced from generic diagnoses in the literature. Furthermore, few morphological characters considered systematically informative at the genus level display a strong phylogenetic signal. However, the parsimony analysis suggests that these characters provide little information on the relationships between genera. We conclude that a strong taxonomic bias and low coverage of DNA sequences and regions limit knowledge on morphological and biogeographical evolutionary patterns that can be inferred from these results. We propose addressing potential citation and confirmation biases through a 'level playing field' multiple sequence alignment as provided by this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikol Kmentová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic; Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, UHasselt - Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Armando J Cruz-Laufer
- Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, UHasselt - Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Antoine Pariselle
- ISEM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, IRD, Montpellier, France; Laboratory "Biodiversity, Ecology and Genome", Mohammed V University in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, 4 avenue Ibn Batouta, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Karen Smeets
- Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, UHasselt - Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tom Artois
- Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, UHasselt - Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Maarten P M Vanhove
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic; Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, UHasselt - Hasselt University, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Šimková A, Řehulková E, Choudhury A, Seifertová M. Host-Specific Parasites Reveal the History and Biogeographical Contacts of Their Hosts: The Monogenea of Nearctic Cyprinoid Fishes. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020229. [PMID: 35205096 PMCID: PMC8869197 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Parasites exhibiting close associations with their hosts may represent a useful tool when investigating historical biogeography, especially in the case of hosts associated with a once contiguous landmass. Host-specific gill parasites (Monogenea) were applied as a supplementary tool to reveal the historical biogeographical contacts between freshwater fish from North America and Europe and their contemporary contacts in North America. Cyprinoidei is the most species-rich lineage of cypriniform fish with Leuciscidae exhibiting a Holarctic distribution. Monogenean parasites of the genus Dactylogyrus are mostly restricted to this freshwater fish group, and the high species diversity of Dactylogyrus follows the high diversity of their cyprinoid fish hosts. Using a phylogenetic approach, two Nearctic clades of Dactylogyrus spp. with different origins were revealed indicating two different historical routes of cyprinoid dispersion to the North American continent. Our study showed that the historical contacts between European and North American leuciscids were accompanied by the host switching of gill monogeneans. The phylogenetic relationships among North American Dactylogyrus spp. indicated numerous colonizations of cypriniform fish resulting from ancient paleogeographic events and contemporary drainage reorganization, thereby, facilitating contacts among phylogenetically distant fish species. Abstract Host-specific parasites exhibit close co-evolutionary associations with their hosts. In the case of fragmented/disjunct host distribution, host-specific parasites may reflect the biogeographical history of regions and/or the role played by contacts of hosts. The present study was focused on Dactylogyrus (Monogenea) species almost exclusively parasitizing cyprinoid fishes. We investigated the phylogenetic relationships between Dactylogyrus parasites of Nearctic cyprinoids (Leuciscidae) and Dactylogyrus parasites of Palearctic cyprinoids and used Dactylogyrus phylogeny to explore the biogeography of fish hosts in Europe and North America. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that two Nearctic clades of Dactylogyrus spp. have different origins. Historical contacts between European and North American leuciscids were accompanied by the host switching of Dactylogyrus species. In the Nearctic region, Dactylogyrus parasites also colonized non-leuciscid fishes. Dactylogyrus spp. of three Nearctic leuciscid clades were included in the phylogenetic reconstruction; only Dactylogyrus spp. of the Plagopterinae had a common origin. Dactylogyrus species did not reflect the phylogenetic relationships among leuciscid clades, suggesting that past co-diversification was overshadowed by colonization events mediated by paleogeographic and climatological changes and extensive drainage reorganization. Host-specific monogeneans serve as a supplementary tool to reveal the historical biogeographical contacts between freshwater fish from the North America and Europe and also contemporary contacts of leuciscids in North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Šimková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; (E.Ř.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Eva Řehulková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; (E.Ř.); (M.S.)
| | - Anindo Choudhury
- Division of Natural Sciences, St. Norbert College, De Pere, WI 54115, USA;
| | - Mária Seifertová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; (E.Ř.); (M.S.)
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Benovics M, Gettová L, Šimková A. De novo developed microsatellite markers in gill parasites of the genus Dactylogyrus (Monogenea): Revealing the phylogeographic pattern of population structure in the generalist parasite Dactylogyrus vistulae. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:16585-16599. [PMID: 34938459 PMCID: PMC8668815 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Approaches using microsatellite markers are considered the gold standard for modern population genetic studies. However, although they have found application in research into various platyhelminth taxa, they remained substantially underutilized in the study of monogeneans. In the present study, a newly developed set of 24 microsatellite markers was used to investigate the genetic diversity of the generalist monogenean species Dactylogyrus vistulae. The analyzed parasite specimens were collected from 13 cyprinoid species from 11 sites in the Apennine and Balkan peninsulas. A total of 159 specimens were genotyped at each of the loci and the number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 16, with a mean number of 6.958 alleles per locus. Exceptionally high genetic diversity was observed among D. vistulae individuals in the southern Balkans (mean N A per locus = 3.917), suggesting that generalist D. vistulae expanded from the south to the north in the Balkans and later into central Europe. The initial clustering analysis divided all investigated specimens into three major clusters; however, the results of the subsequent analyses revealed the existence of various subpopulations, suggesting that the population structure of D. vistulae is associated with the diversification of their cyprinoid hosts. In addition, the partition of the parasite population was observed in regions of the sympatric occurrence of two host species, indicating that these hosts may represent a barrier for gene flow, even for generalist parasite species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Benovics
- Department of Botany and Zoology Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Gettová
- Department of Botany and Zoology Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Šimková
- Department of Botany and Zoology Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
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Benovics M, Nejat F, Abdoli A, Šimková A. Molecular and morphological phylogeny of host-specific Dactylogyrus parasites (Monogenea) sheds new light on the puzzling Middle Eastern origin of European and African lineages. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:372. [PMID: 34289869 PMCID: PMC8293574 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04863-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Freshwater fauna of the Middle East encompass elements shared with three continents—Africa, Asia, and Europe—and the Middle East is, therefore, considered a historical geographic crossroad between these three regions. Even though various dispersion scenarios have been proposed to explain the current distribution of cyprinids in the peri-Mediterranean, all of them congruently suggest an Asian origin for this group. Herein, we investigated the proposed scenarios using monogenean parasites of the genus Dactylogyrus, which is host-specific to cyprinoid fishes. Methods A total of 48 Dactylogyrus species parasitizing cyprinids belonging to seven genera were used for molecular phylogenetic reconstruction. Taxonomically important morphological features, i.e., sclerotized elements of the attachment organ, were further evaluated to resolve ambiguous relationships between individual phylogenetic lineages. For 37 species, sequences of partial genes coding 18S and 28S rRNA, and the ITS1 region were retrieved from GenBank. Ten Dactylogyrus species collected from Middle Eastern cyprinoids and D. falciformis were de novo sequenced for the aforementioned molecular markers. Results The phylogenetic reconstruction divided all investigated Dactylogyrus species into four phylogenetic clades. The first one encompassed species with the “varicorhini” type of haptoral ventral bar with a putative origin linked to the historical dispersion of cyprinids via the North African coastline. The second clade included the majority of the investigated species parasitizing various phylogenetically divergent cyprinid hosts. The morphological and molecular data suggest the ancestral diversification of the species of this clade into two groups: (1) the group possessing the haptoral ventral bar of the “cornu” type, and (2) the group possessing the “wunderi” type. Dactylogyrus diversification apparently occurred in the Middle East, which is indicated by the presence of species with all morphotypes in the region. The last two clades included species parasitizing cyprinids with an East Asian origin, and species possessing the “magnihamatus” type of ventral bar. Conclusions The molecular data suggest that some morphological characters of host-specific parasites may undergo convergent evolution in the divergent lineages, and therefore, to fully resolve the phylogenetic relationships among host-specific parasites, an integrative approach combining morphological and molecular data is still needed. In addition, our study indicates that parasite diversity in many regions is still under-explored, and thus we highlight the importance of studies of host-associated parasites, especially in the context of freshwater fish biogeography. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Benovics
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Farshad Nejat
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Asghar Abdoli
- Department of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management, Environmental Science Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Shahid Shahriari Sq. Velenjak, 1983969411, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrea Šimková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
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16
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Vorel J, Cwiklinski K, Roudnický P, Ilgová J, Jedličková L, Dalton JP, Mikeš L, Gelnar M, Kašný M. Eudiplozoon nipponicum (Monogenea, Diplozoidae) and its adaptation to haematophagy as revealed by transcriptome and secretome profiling. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:274. [PMID: 33858339 PMCID: PMC8050918 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07589-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ectoparasites from the family Diplozoidae (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea) belong to obligate haematophagous helminths of cyprinid fish. Current knowledge of these worms is for the most part limited to their morphological, phylogenetic, and population features. Information concerning the biochemical and molecular nature of physiological processes involved in host–parasite interaction, such as evasion of the immune system and its regulation, digestion of macromolecules, suppression of blood coagulation and inflammation, and effect on host tissue and physiology, is lacking. In this study, we report for the first time a comprehensive transcriptomic/secretome description of expressed genes and proteins secreted by the adult stage of Eudiplozoon nipponicum (Goto, 1891) Khotenovsky, 1985, an obligate sanguivorous monogenean which parasitises the gills of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Results RNA-seq raw reads (324,941 Roche 454 and 149,697,864 Illumina) were generated, de novo assembled, and filtered into 37,062 protein-coding transcripts. For 19,644 (53.0%) of them, we determined their sequential homologues. In silico functional analysis of E. nipponicum RNA-seq data revealed numerous transcripts, pathways, and GO terms responsible for immunomodulation (inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes, CD59-like proteins, fatty acid binding proteins), feeding (proteolytic enzymes cathepsins B, D, L1, and L3), and development (fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, ferritin, and annexin). LC-MS/MS spectrometry analysis identified 721 proteins secreted by E. nipponicum with predominantly immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory functions (peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, homolog to SmKK7, tetraspanin) and ability to digest host macromolecules (cathepsins B, D, L1). Conclusions In this study, we integrated two high-throughput sequencing techniques, mass spectrometry analysis, and comprehensive bioinformatics approach in order to arrive at the first comprehensive description of monogenean transcriptome and secretome. Exploration of E. nipponicum transcriptome-related nucleotide sequences and translated and secreted proteins offer a better understanding of molecular biology and biochemistry of these, often neglected, organisms. It enabled us to report the essential physiological pathways and protein molecules involved in their interactions with the fish hosts. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07589-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Vorel
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Krystyna Cwiklinski
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Pavel Roudnický
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Ilgová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Jedličková
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Centre of Infectious Animal Diseases, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - John P Dalton
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Libor Mikeš
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Gelnar
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kašný
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
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Helminth communities of endemic cyprinoids of the Apennine Peninsula, with remarks on ectoparasitic monogeneans, and a description of four new Dactylogyrus Diesing, 1850 species. Parasitology 2021; 148:1003-1018. [PMID: 33843503 PMCID: PMC10090784 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021000615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The fauna of the Apennine Peninsula is, in comparison to other southern European peninsulas, relatively species-poor regarding the number of endemic cyprinoid species. Nonetheless, the recent introduction of non-native species has significantly increased the total number of freshwater species in this region. Such invasive species may represent a threat to the native fauna, associated among other things with the introduction of non-native parasites with their original hosts.In the present study, we investigated endemic cyprinoid species for the presence of helminth parasites. A total of 36 ectoparasitic monogenean species and five endoparasitic helminth species were collected from ten cyprinoid species in five localities in northern Italy. Out of 20 Dactylogyrus species (gill monogeneans specific to cyprinoids), four were identified as new to science and herein described: Dactylogyrus opertus n. sp. and Dactylogyrus sagittarius n. sp. from Telestes muticellus, Dactylogyrus conchatus n. sp. from T. muticellus and Protochondrostoma genei, and Dactylogyrus globulatus n. sp. from Chondrostoma soetta. All new Dactylogyrus species appear to be endemic to the Apennine Peninsula; however, they share a common evolutionary history with the endemic Dactylogyrus parasitizing cyprinoids of the Balkans. This common origin of cyprinoid-specific parasites supports a historical connection between these two (currently separated) geographical regions.
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Řehulková E, Rahmouni I, Pariselle A, Šimková A. Integrating morphological and molecular approaches for characterizing four species of Dactylogyrus (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) from Moroccan cyprinids, with comments on their host specificity and phylogenetic relationships. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10867. [PMID: 33828906 PMCID: PMC8000462 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyprinid fishes are known to harbour highly host-specific gill-associated parasites of Dactylogyrus. High similarity in the morphology of sclerotized structures among Dactylogyrus species, especially those parasitizing congeneric cyprinoids, makes their identification difficult. In this paper, four previously known species of Dactylogyrus are characterized and illustrated under a reliable taxonomic framework integrating morphological and molecular evidence, and their phylogenetic relationships are investigated using molecular data. The species are as follows: D. borjensis from Luciobarbus zayanensis; D. draaensis from Luciobarbus lepineyi; D. ksibii from Luciobarbus ksibi and Luciobarbus rabatensis; and D. marocanus from Carasobarbus fritschii, L. ksibi, L. zayanensis and Pterocapoeta maroccana. Our results revealed intraspecific genetic variability among specimens of D. ksibii collected from two different hosts and geographically distant basins. Phylogenetic reconstruction showed that Dactylogyrus spp. parasitizing Moroccan cyprinids are representatives of three main lineages corresponding to morphological differences and host specificity. Our records of D. marocanus on L. zayanensis and P. maroccana increase the range of available host species i.e.,eight species of four cyprinid genera representing two phylogenetic lineages (i.e., Barbinae and Torinae).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Řehulková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Imane Rahmouni
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Ecology and Genome, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Antoine Pariselle
- Institute of Evolutionary Sciences of Montpellier (ISEM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France.,Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Andrea Šimková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Obert T, Rurik I, Vd’ačný P. Diversity and Eco-Evolutionary Associations of Endosymbiotic Astome Ciliates With Their Lumbricid Earthworm Hosts. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:689987. [PMID: 34220782 PMCID: PMC8250849 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.689987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coevolution of endosymbionts with their hosts plays an important role in the processes of speciation and is among the most fascinating topics in evolutionary biology. Astome ciliates represent an interesting model for coevolutionary studies because they are so tightly associated with their host organisms that they completely lost the cell oral apparatus. In the present study, we used five nuclear markers (18S rRNA gene, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region, and 28S rRNA gene) and two mitochondrial genes (16S rRNA gene and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) to explore the diversity of astomes inhabiting the digestive tract of lumbricid earthworms at temperate latitudes in Central Europe and to cast more light on their host specificity and coevolution events that shaped their diversification. The present coevolutionary and phylogenetic interaction-adjusted similarity analyses suggested that almost every host switch leads to speciation and firm association with the new host. Nevertheless, the suggested high structural host specificity of astomes needs to be tested with increased earthworm sampling, as only 52 out of 735 lumbricid earthworms (7.07%) were inhabited by ciliates. On the other hand, the diversification of astomes associated with megascolecid and glossoscolecid earthworms might have been driven by duplication events without host switching.
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Relvas RS, Balian SDC, Soares HS, Martins ML, Cardoso PHM. Parasitological diagnosis in food fish produced in a fish farm, in the Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2020; 29:e019520. [PMID: 33237195 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612020100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study identified the parasitic species in juvenile freshwater finfishes during the fattening stage, from a fish farm located in the Zona da Mata (MG), southeastern Brazil, and revealed both macro and microscopical lesions in fish gills. A total of 172 juvenile fishes of different species (Oreochromis niloticus, Ictalurus punctatus, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Cyprinus carpio, Astyanax bimaculatus and Brycon amazonicus) were transported to a laboratory in São Paulo city. The fish were sedated and then euthanized for parasitological analysis. All fish were infected by at least one parasite species. Ten different species of parasites were identified: Apiosoma sp., Epistylis sp., Ichthyobodo sp., trichodinids, Piscinoodinium pillulare, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Tetrahymena sp., monogeneans, Centrocestus formosanus metacercariae, and Dermocystidium sp. The best management practices and lack of sanitary control were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Sordi Relvas
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Simone de Carvalho Balian
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Herbert Sousa Soares
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária e Bem Estar Animal e Saúde Única, Universidade Santo Amaro - UNISA, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Maurício Laterça Martins
- Laboratório de Sanidade de Organismos Aquáticos - AQUOS, Departamento de Aquicultura, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Pedro Henrique Magalhães Cardoso
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Řehulková E, Benovics M, Šimková A. Uncovering the diversity of monogeneans (Platyhelminthes) on endemic cypriniform fishes of the Balkan Peninsula: new species of Dactylogyrus and comments on their phylogeny and host-parasite associations in a biogeographic context. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:66. [PMID: 33231549 PMCID: PMC7685236 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2020059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Seven new species of Dactylogyrus Diesing, 1850 (Dactylogyridae) are described from the gills of seven endemic species of cyprinoids (Cyprinidae, Leuciscidae) inhabiting the Balkan Peninsula: Dactylogyrus romuli n. sp. from Luciobarbus albanicus (Greece), Dactylogyrus remi n. sp. from Luciobarbus graecus (Greece), Dactylogyrus recisus n. sp. from Pachychilon macedonicum (Greece), Dactylogyrus octopus n. sp. from Tropidophoxinellus spartiaticus (Greece), Dactylogyrus vukicae n. sp. from Delminichthys adspersus (Bosnia and Herzegovina), Dactylogyrus leptus n. sp. from Chondrostoma knerii (Bosnia and Herzegovina), and Dactylogyrus sandai n. sp. from Telestes karsticus (Croatia). To delineate species boundaries, we used an integrative taxonomic approach combining morphological and genetic data. With these tools, we illustrate that some species of monogeneans considered as cryptic might be designated as pseudocryptic (morphologically similar, not easily differentiated) after a posteriori detailed morphological examination, as happened with D. romuli n. sp. and D. remi n. sp. Thus, for accurate species characterization, it is particularly important to acquire both morphological and molecular data from the same individual specimens, ideally along with illustrations of taxonomically important structures directly taken from hologenophores. Using phylogenetic reconstruction, we investigated the phylogenetic position of newly described Dactylogyrus species within Dactylogyrus species from Balkan cyprinoids with regard to morphological characteristics, host range, and geographical distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Řehulková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Benovics
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Šimková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
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Kuchta R, Řehulková E, Francová K, Scholz T, Morand S, Šimková A. Diversity of monogeneans and tapeworms in cypriniform fishes across two continents. Int J Parasitol 2020; 50:771-786. [PMID: 32687912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cypriniformes, which exhibit a wide geographical distribution, are the most species-rich group of freshwater fishes. Despite considerable research on their parasites, no reliable estimates of their parasite diversity on a large geographical scale are available. In the present review, we analyse species richness of two parasitic flatworm groups (monogeneans and tapeworms) reported from cypriniform fishes in the two most intensively studied parts of the Holarctic region, Europe and North America. We also review knowledge on parasite speciation and host-parasite coevolution, and emphasise the risk of parasite co-introduction resulting from transfers of cypriniforms among different continents. As parasite diversity in European cypriniforms has been more intensively explored, we predicted a lower level of knowledge on parasite diversity in North American fishes, despite North America having a higher diversity of cypriniforms than Europe. Our data revealed a higher mean species richness of monogeneans and tapeworms per cypriniform species in Europe compared with North America. We showed that species richness of both parasite taxa in both continents is strongly affected by sample size, but that fish traits also play an important role in determining monogenean and tapeworm species richness in European cyprinoids. We recorded higher host specificity for cypriniform parasites in North America, even within parasite genera shared by cypriniforms on both continents. The host range of monogeneans parasitising cyprinoids on both continents was affected by phylogeny, indicating an effect of parasite life history on host specificity. The difference in parasite host range between the two continents could potentially be explained by either the low overall level of sampling activity in North America or an underestimation of parasite diversity in Europe. We suggest that future research efforts be focussed on cypriniforms in order to obtain reliable data for robust assessments of parasite species richness and phylogenies, to assess host-parasite coevolution and to reveal fish biogeography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Kuchta
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Řehulková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Francová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Scholz
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Serge Morand
- CNRS ISEM - CIRAD ASTRE, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France; Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Andrea Šimková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Benovics M, Vukić J, Šanda R, Rahmouni I, Šimková A. Disentangling the evolutionary history of peri-Mediterranean cyprinids using host-specific gill monogeneans. Int J Parasitol 2020; 50:969-984. [PMID: 32619430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The diversification of Mediterranean fish appears to be far more complex than could be explained by a single dispersion model. Cyprinids represent one of the most species-rich groups of freshwater fishes living in this region. The current distribution of several highly divergent cyprinid taxa is most likely the result of multiple dispersion events. Cyprinid fish serve as hosts for the highly diversified and host-specific monogenean parasites of the genus Dactylogyrus. On the assumption that the distribution of Dactylogyrus spp. reflects the biogeography and evolutionary history of their hosts, we used these parasites as an additional tool to shed new light on the evolutionary history of peri-Mediterranean cyprinids of the subfamily Barbinae. The degree of congruence between host and parasite phylogenies was investigated using 29 Dactylogyrus spp. and 34 Barbinae hosts belonging to the genera Aulopyge, Barbus and Luciobarbus. We showed that the morphological adaptation of Dactylogyrus (i.e. of the ventral bar, representing the most variable morphological character of the attachment organ) is linked with parasite phylogeny. By applying distance-based and event-based cophylogenetic approaches, we revealed a significant global coevolutionary signal. A total of 62% of individual host-parasite links contributed significantly to the coevolutionary structure evidenced between hosts of Barbus spp. and Iberian Luciobarbus spp., and their host-specific Dactylogyrus spp. The host switching of parasites was revealed as the most important coevolutionary event in the Dactylogyrus-Barbinae system in the peri-Mediterranean region. Cophylogenetic analyses and the mapping of the morphological character of the parasite attachment organ onto the phylogeny of Dactylogyrus indicate that endemic southern European Dactylogyrus spp. parasitizing cyprinids of Barbinae have multiple origins. We suggest that continental bridges connecting southern Europe and North Africa played a crucial role in the dispersion of cyprinids, affecting the distribution of their host-specific gill parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Benovics
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jasna Vukić
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Šanda
- National Museum, Václavské Náměstí 68, 115 79 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Imane Rahmouni
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Ecology and Genome, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Andrea Šimková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
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High diversity of fish ectoparasitic monogeneans ( Dactylogyrus) in the Iberian Peninsula: a case of adaptive radiation? Parasitology 2020; 147:418-430. [PMID: 31965950 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The epicontinental fauna of the Iberian Peninsula is strongly influenced by its geographical history. As the possibilities for dispersion of organisms into and from this region were (and still are) limited, the local fauna consists almost exclusively of endemic species. Almost all Iberian freshwater fishes of the families Leuciscidae and Cyprinidae are endemic and on-going research on these taxa continually uncovers new species. Nevertheless, information on their host-specific parasites remains scarce. In this study, we investigate the diversity and phylogenetic relationships in monogeneans of the genus Dactylogyrus (gill ectoparasites specific to cyprinoid fish) in the Iberian Peninsula. Twenty-two species were collected and identified from 19 host species belonging to Cyprinidae and Leuciscidae. A high degree of endemism was observed, with 21 Dactylogyrus species reported from Iberia only and a single species, D. borealis, also reported from other European regions. Phylogenetic analysis split the endemic Iberian Dactylogyrus into two well-supported clades, the first encompassing Dactylogyrus parasitizing endemic Luciobarbus spp. only, and the second including all Dactylogyrus species of endemic leuciscids and four species of endemic cyprinids. Species delimitation analysis suggests a remarkable diversity and existence of a multitude of cryptic Dactylogyrus species parasitizing endemic leuciscids (Squalius spp. and representatives of Chondrostoma s.l.). These results suggest a rapid adaptive radiation of Dactylogyrus in this geographically isolated region, closely associated with their cyprinoid hosts. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis supports that Dactylogyrus parasites colonized the Iberian Peninsula through multiple dispersion events.
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Benovics M, Desdevises Y, Šanda R, Vukić J, Šimková A. Cophylogenetic relationships betweenDactylogyrus(Monogenea) ectoparasites and endemic cyprinoids of the north‐eastern European peri‐Mediterranean region. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Benovics
- Department of Botany and Zoology Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
| | - Yves Desdevises
- CNRS Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM) Observatoire Océanologique Sorbonne Université Banyuls/Mer France
| | | | - Jasna Vukić
- Department of Ecology Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Šimková
- Department of Botany and Zoology Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
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