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Bellach L, Kautzky-Willer A, Heneis K, Leutner M, Kautzky A. The Effects of Caloric Restriction and Clinical Psychological Intervention on the Interplay of Gut Microbial Composition and Stress in Women. Nutrients 2024; 16:2584. [PMID: 39203721 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Both mental and metabolic disorders are steadily becoming more prevalent, increasing interest in non-pharmacological lifestyle interventions targeting both types of disorders. However, the combined effect of diet and psychological interventions on the gut microbiome and mental health outcomes remains underexplored. Thus, in this study, we randomized 41 women into two caloric restriction (CR) dietary groups, namely very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) and F.X. Mayr diet (FXM). The patients were then further randomized to either receive clinical psychological intervention (CPI) or no CPI. Blood and fecal samples were collected before and after two weeks of CR. Psychometric outcomes were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Brief Symptom Index (BSI), and Burnout Dimension Inventory (BODI). Stool samples underwent 16S-rRNA sequencing. Upon two weeks of CR, α-diversity decreased overall and longitudinal PERMANOVA models revealed significant shifts in β-diversity according to diet, CPI, age, and body-mass-index. Furthermore, Agathobacter, Fusicatenibacter, and Subdoligranulum decreased in abundance. However, the Oscillibacter genus was enriched solely in FXM. CPI had a negligible effect on the microbiome. Dimension reduction models revealed clusters of taxa which distinctly associated with psychometric outcomes. Members of the Oscillospiraceae family were linked to favorable psychometric outcomes after two weeks of CR. Despite α-diversity reductions after CR, enrichment of Oscillospiraceae spp., solely seen in FXM, correlated with improved psychometric outcomes. This study suggests a promising direction for future interventions targeting mental health through gut microbial modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Bellach
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kathrin Heneis
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Leutner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Kautzky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Niu H, Zhou M, Zogona D, Xing Z, Wu T, Chen R, Cui D, Liang F, Xu X. Akkermansia muciniphila: a potential candidate for ameliorating metabolic diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1370658. [PMID: 38571945 PMCID: PMC10987721 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1370658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases are comprehensive disease based on obesity. Numerous cumulative studies have shown a certain correlation between the fluctuating abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and the occurrence of metabolic diseases. A. muciniphila, a potential probiotic candidate colonized in the human intestinal mucus layer, and its derivatives have various physiological functions, including treating metabolic disorders and maintaining human health. This review systematically explicates the abundance change rules of A. muciniphila in metabolic diseases. It also details the high efficacy and specific molecules mechanism of A. muciniphila and its derivatives in treating obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Niu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit Vegetable Processing Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), School of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Minfeng Zhou
- Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Daniel Zogona
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit Vegetable Processing Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), School of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zheng Xing
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit Vegetable Processing Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), School of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit Vegetable Processing Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), School of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dandan Cui
- Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fengxia Liang
- School of Acupuncture and Bone Injury, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit Vegetable Processing Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), School of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Mecca M, Picerno S, Cortellino S. The Killer's Web: Interconnection between Inflammation, Epigenetics and Nutrition in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2750. [PMID: 38473997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key contributor to both the initiation and progression of tumors, and it can be triggered by genetic instability within tumors, as well as by lifestyle and dietary factors. The inflammatory response plays a critical role in the genetic and epigenetic reprogramming of tumor cells, as well as in the cells that comprise the tumor microenvironment. Cells in the microenvironment acquire a phenotype that promotes immune evasion, progression, and metastasis. We will review the mechanisms and pathways involved in the interaction between tumors, inflammation, and nutrition, the limitations of current therapies, and discuss potential future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisabel Mecca
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Simona Picerno
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cortellino
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Responsible Research Hospital, 86100 Campobasso, CB, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale (SSM), Clinical and Translational Oncology, 80138 Naples, NA, Italy
- S.H.R.O. Italia Foundation ETS, 10060 Candiolo, TO, Italy
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Tanca A, Palomba A. Metaproteomic Analysis of Fecal Samples from Human Subjects and Rodent Models. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2820:115-125. [PMID: 38941019 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3910-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Fecal metaproteomics is a useful approach to measure changes in microbial and host protein abundance and to infer which members of the gut microbiota are involved in specific functions and pathways. This chapter describes a protocol enabling analysis and characterization of fecal metaproteomes, successfully applied to human, mouse, and rat stool samples. The protocol combines mechanical and thermal treatments for protein extraction, a centrifugal filter-based procedure for cleanup and digestion, long-gradient liquid chromatography for peptide separation, and high-resolution mass spectrometry for peptide detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Tanca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Antonio Palomba
- Porto Conte Ricerche Srl, Science and Technology Park of Sardinia, Alghero, Italy
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Mohamed EL Kafoury B, Ebrahim AT, Abd-El Hamid Ali MS, Shaker Mehanna N, Ibrahim Ramadan GES, Ezzat Morsy W. Short chain fatty acids and GIT hormones mitigate gut barrier disruption in high fat diet fed rats supplemented by synbiotics. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2023; 16:139-163. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-230026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
High fat diet (HFD) predisposes to many metabolic changes; it may disrupt gut barrier integrity and gut microbiota composition. Synbiotic supplementation may promote host’s metabolic health by selective activation of the healthy microorganisms. This study aimed to probe the interaction between synbiotic supplementation, gut microbiota and gut hormones in HFD states. Twenty-seven adult male albino rats, 3 groups, group I: control, group II: HFD received HFD for 12 weeks and group III: synbiotic-supplemented HFD received synbiotic in the last 6 weeks. The anthropometric measurments were measured. Liver transaminases, lipid profile, parameters of insulin resistance, serum serotonin, glucagon like polypeptide-1 (GLP-1), oxidant/antioxidant markers (MDA/GPx), zonulin levels and quantitative cecal short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were assessed. Samples of liver and colon were employed for histopathological studies. Compared to HFD group, synbiotic led to a significant reduction in anthropometric measurements, liver enzymes, atherogenic index, HOMA-IR and MDA denoting improved dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and oxidative state. Moreover, synbiotic supplementation decreased serum zonulin and increased both serum serotonin, GLP-1 and cecal SCFAs. Synbiotic supplementation ameliorated the metabolic derangements and the disturbed integrity of the intestinal barrier induced by HFD. As synbiotics can increase gut hormones (serum GLP-1&serotonin) and SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asmaa Tarek Ebrahim
- Assistant Lecturer of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal Said Abd-El Hamid Ali
- Assistant Professor of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Assistant Professor of Physiology, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nayra Shaker Mehanna
- Professor of Dairy and Food Microbiology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Wessam Ezzat Morsy
- Assistant Professor of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Assistant Professor of Physiology, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
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Jantsch J, Rodrigues FDS, Fraga GDF, Eller S, Silveira AK, Moreira JCF, Giovernardi M, Guedes RP. Calorie restriction mitigates metabolic, behavioral and neurochemical effects of cafeteria diet in aged male rats. J Nutr Biochem 2023:109371. [PMID: 37169228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Besides metabolic dysfunctions, elderly individuals with obesity are at special risk of developing cognitive decline and psychiatric disturbances. Restricted calorie consumption could be an efficient strategy to improve metabolic function after obesity. However, its effects on anxiety-like behaviors in aged rats submitted to an obesogenic diet are unknown. For this purpose, 42 Wistar rats (18-months old) were divided into four groups: Control (CT), calorie restriction (CR), cafeteria diet (CAF), and CAF+CR (CAF/CR). CT, CR, and CAF groups received the diets for 8 weeks. CAF/CR group was submitted to the CAF menu for 7 weeks and then switched to a standard diet on a CR regimen, receiving 30% lower calories than consumed by the CT, for another 5 weeks. CAF's menu consisted of ultra-processed foods such as cookies, chocolate, sausage, and bologna. Body weight, visceral adiposity, and biochemical blood analysis were evaluated for obesity diagnosis. The profile of gut microbiota was investigated, along with circulating levels of LPS. Neurochemical parameters, such as neurotransmitter levels, were dosed. Anxiety-like behaviors were accessed using open field (OF) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests. As expected, CR reduced weight gain and improved glucose homeostasis. Gut microbiome disturbance was found in CAF-fed animals accompanied by increased levels of LPS. However, CR after CAF mitigated several harmful responses. The obesogenic diet triggered anxiety-like manifestations in the OF and EPM tests that were not evidenced in the CAF/CR group. These findings indicate that CR can be a promising strategy for the neurological effects of obesity in aged rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeferson Jantsch
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Fernanda da Silva Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Gabriel de Farias Fraga
- Biomedical Science Undergraduate Program, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Sarah Eller
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Kleber Silveira
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Márcia Giovernardi
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Renata Padilha Guedes
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil.
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Impact of caloric restriction on the gut microbiota. Curr Opin Microbiol 2023; 73:102287. [PMID: 36868081 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2023.102287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) and related time-restricted diets have been popularized as means of preventing metabolic disease while improving general well-being. However, evidence as to their long-term efficacy, adverse effects, and mechanisms of activity remains incompletely understood. The gut microbiota is modulated by such dietary approaches, yet causal evidence to its possible downstream impacts on host metabolism remains elusive. Herein, we discuss the positive and adverse influences of restrictive dietary interventions on gut microbiota composition and function, and their collective impacts on host health and disease risk. We highlight known mechanisms of microbiota influences on the host, such as modulation of bioactive metabolites, while discussing challenges in achieving mechanistic dietary-microbiota insights, including interindividual variability in dietary responses as well as other methodological and conceptual challenges. In all, causally understanding the impact of CR approaches on the gut microbiota may enable to better decode their overall influences on human physiology and disease.
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Plasma Concentrations of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Active and Recovered Anorexia Nervosa. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245247. [PMID: 36558405 PMCID: PMC9781195 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is one of the most lethal psychiatric disorders. To date, we lack adequate knowledge about the (neuro)biological mechanisms of this disorder to inform evidence-based pharmacological treatment. Gut dysbiosis is a trending topic in mental health, including AN. Communication between the gut microbiota and the brain is partly mediated by metabolites produced by the gut microbiota such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Previous research has suggested a role of SCFA in weight regulation (e.g., correlations between specific SCFA-producing bacteria and BMI have been demonstrated). Moreover, fecal SCFA concentrations are reported to be altered in active AN. However, data concerning SCFA concentrations in individuals who have recovered from AN are limited. In the present study, we analyzed and compared the plasma concentrations of seven SCFA (acetic-, butyric-, formic-, isobutyric-, isovaleric-, propionic-, and succinic acid) in females with active AN (n = 109), recovered from AN (AN-REC, n = 108), and healthy-weight age-matched controls (CTRL, n = 110), and explored correlations between SCFA concentrations and BMI. Significantly lower plasma concentrations of butyric, isobutyric-, and isovaleric acid were detected in AN as well as AN-REC compared with CTRL. We also show significant correlations between plasma concentrations of SCFA and BMI. These results encourage studies evaluating whether interventions directed toward altering gut microbiota and SCFA could support weight restoration in AN.
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Zhang X, Shi L, Li Q, Song C, Han N, Yan T, Zhang L, Ren D, Zhao Y, Yang X. Caloric Restriction, Friend or Foe: Effects on Metabolic Status in Association with the Intestinal Microbiome and Metabolome. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:14061-14072. [PMID: 36263977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Daily calorie restriction (CR) has shown benefits on weight loss and alleviation of metabolic disorders. We investigated the effects of three CR regimens, i.e., 20% (CR-20), 40% (CR-40), and 60% (CR-60) less than the average daily calorie intake, respectively, on the metabolic parameters, gut microbiome composition, and its related metabolites in healthy mice. Compared with mice fed ad libitum (AL), CR dose-dependently reduced the body weight, and weights of liver and epididymal adipose tissues, and enhanced the insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and lipid homeostasis. Moreover, expression levels of intestinal tight junction proteins (i.e., ZO-1, claudin, and occludin) were significantly promoted by CR than those of AL mice, demonstrating the CR-induced improvement of the intestinal barrier integrity. CR contributed to the enrichment of beneficial microbiota (e.g., Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Akkermansia) and increased propionic acid levels. Notably, CR-60 deleteriously caused liver injury, and enhanced hepatic inflammatory cytokines (i.e., IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α) and lipopolysaccharides, which were accompanied by high levels of trimethylamine (TMA) and trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) in relation to CR-60-altered gut microbiota structure and fecal metabolome. Additionally, we found differential impacts of CR-20, -40, or -60 on amino acid absorption and metabolism. Our findings support the health-promoting benefits of 60-80% daily calorie intake on the metabolic status by regulating the gut microbiota in healthy mice. However, excessive CR caused liver injury and gut microbiota-dependent elevation of TMAO. The differential effects of CR regimens on the intestinal microbiome and fecal metabolome provide novel insights into the dietary pattern-gut microbiome interactions linked with host metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangnan Zhang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Qiannan Li
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Chaofan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Ning Han
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Tao Yan
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Liansheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Daoyuan Ren
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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Hernández-Calderón P, Wiedemann L, Benítez-Páez A. The microbiota composition drives personalized nutrition: Gut microbes as predictive biomarkers for the success of weight loss diets. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1006747. [PMID: 36211501 PMCID: PMC9537590 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1006747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The investigation of the human gut microbiome during recent years has permitted us to understand its relevance for human health at a systemic level, making it possible to establish different functional axes (e.g., the gut-brain, gut-liver, and gut-lung axes), which support the organ-like status conferred to this microecological component of our body. The human gut microbiota is extremely variable but modifiable via diet, a fact that allows targeting of microbes through defined dietary strategies to uncover cost-effective therapies to minimize the burden of non-communicable diseases such as pandemic obesity and overweight and its metabolic comorbidities. Nevertheless, randomly controlled dietary interventions regularly exhibit low to moderate degrees of success in weight control, making their implementation difficult in clinical practice. Here, we review the predictive value of the baseline gut microbiota configurations to anticipate the success of dietary interventions aimed at weight loss, mostly based on caloric restriction regimes and oral fiber supplementation. This emergent research concept fits into precision medicine by considering different diet patterns and adopting the best one, based on the individual microbiota composition, to reach significant adiposity reduction and improve metabolic status. We review the results from this fresh perspective of investigation, taking into account studies released very recently. We also discuss some future outlooks in the field and potential pitfalls to overcome with the aim of gaining knowledge in the field and achieving breakthroughs in personalized nutrition.
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Multiomics assessment of dietary protein titration reveals altered hepatic glucose utilization. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111187. [PMID: 35977507 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary protein restriction (PR) has rapid effects on metabolism including improved glucose and lipid homeostasis, via multiple mechanisms. Here, we investigate responses of fecal microbiome, hepatic transcriptome, and hepatic metabolome to six diets with protein from 18% to 0% of energy in mice. PR alters fecal microbial composition, but metabolic effects are not transferable via fecal transplantation. Hepatic transcriptome and metabolome are significantly altered in diets with lower than 10% energy from protein. Changes upon PR correlate with calorie restriction but with a larger magnitude and specific changes in amino acid (AA) metabolism. PR increases steady-state aspartate, serine, and glutamate and decreases glucose and gluconeogenic intermediates. 13C6 glucose and glycerol tracing reveal increased fractional enrichment in aspartate, serine, and glutamate. Changes remain intact in hepatic ATF4 knockout mice. Together, this demonstrates an ATF4-independent shift in gluconeogenic substrate utilization toward specific AAs, with compensation from glycerol to promote a protein-sparing response.
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Jensen EA, Young JA, Jackson Z, Busken J, Kuhn J, Onusko M, Carroll RK, List EO, Brown JM, Kopchick JJ, Murphy ER, Berryman DE. Excess Growth Hormone Alters the Male Mouse Gut Microbiome in an Age-dependent Manner. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6591911. [PMID: 35617141 PMCID: PMC9167039 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome has an important role in host development, metabolism, growth, and aging. Recent research points toward potential crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis. Our laboratory previously showed that GH excess and deficiency are associated with an altered gut microbial composition in adult mice. Yet, no study to date has examined the influence of GH on the gut microbiome over time. Our study thus tracked the effect of excess GH action on the longitudinal changes in the gut microbial profile (ie, abundance, diversity/maturity, predictive metabolic function, and short-chain fatty acid [SCFA] levels) of bovine GH (bGH) transgenic mice at age 3, 6, and 12 months compared to littermate controls in the context of metabolism, intestinal phenotype, and premature aging. The bGH mice displayed age-dependent changes in microbial abundance, richness, and evenness. Microbial maturity was significantly explained by genotype and age. Moreover, several bacteria (ie, Lactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae, Bifidobacterium, and Faecalibaculum), predictive metabolic pathways (such as SCFA, vitamin B12, folate, menaquinol, peptidoglycan, and heme B biosynthesis), and SCFA levels (acetate, butyrate, lactate, and propionate) were consistently altered across all 3 time points, differentiating the longitudinal bGH microbiome from controls. Of note, the bGH mice also had significantly impaired intestinal fat absorption with increased fecal output. Collectively, these findings suggest that excess GH alters the gut microbiome in an age-dependent manner with distinct longitudinal microbial and predicted metabolic pathway signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Jensen
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Graduate College, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - Jonathan A Young
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Labs, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - Zachary Jackson
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - Joshua Busken
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Labs, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - Jaycie Kuhn
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Labs, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
- The Diabetes Institute, Parks Hall, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - Maria Onusko
- The Diabetes Institute, Parks Hall, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - Ronan K Carroll
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Institute, Irvine Hall, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - Edward O List
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Graduate College, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Labs, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
- The Diabetes Institute, Parks Hall, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - J Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, and The Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - John J Kopchick
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Graduate College, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Labs, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
- The Diabetes Institute, Parks Hall, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701USA
| | - Erin R Murphy
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Graduate College, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Institute, Irvine Hall, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701USA
| | - Darlene E Berryman
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Graduate College, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Labs, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
- The Diabetes Institute, Parks Hall, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, 45701USA
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13
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Dakic T, Jevdjovic T, Vujovic P, Mladenovic A. The Less We Eat, the Longer We Live: Can Caloric Restriction Help Us Become Centenarians? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126546. [PMID: 35742989 PMCID: PMC9223351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Striving for longevity is neither a recent human desire nor a novel scientific field. The first article on this topic was published in 1838, when the average human life expectancy was approximately 40 years. Although nowadays people on average live almost as twice as long, we still (and perhaps more than ever) look for new ways to extend our lifespan. During this seemingly endless journey of discovering efficient methods to prolong life, humans were enthusiastic regarding several approaches, one of which is caloric restriction (CR). Where does CR, initially considered universally beneficial for extending both lifespan and health span, stand today? Does a lifelong decrease in food consumption represent one of the secrets of centenarians’ long and healthy life? Do we still believe that if we eat less, we will live longer? This review aims to summarize the current literature on CR as a potential life-prolonging intervention in humans and discusses metabolic pathways that underlie this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Dakic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.D.); (T.J.); (P.V.)
| | - Tanja Jevdjovic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.D.); (T.J.); (P.V.)
| | - Predrag Vujovic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.D.); (T.J.); (P.V.)
| | - Aleksandra Mladenovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bul.D. Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence:
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14
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Zhou Z, Wu H, Li D, Zeng W, Huang J, Wu Z. Comparison of gut microbiome in the Chinese mud snail ( Cipangopaludina chinensis) and the invasive golden apple snail ( Pomacea canaliculata). PeerJ 2022; 10:e13245. [PMID: 35402093 PMCID: PMC8992660 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microbiota play a critical role in nutrition absorption and environmental adaptation and can affect the biological characteristics of host animals. The invasive golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) and native Chinese mud snail (Cipangopaludina chinensis) are two sympatric freshwater snails with similar ecological niche in southern China. However, gut microbiota comparison of interspecies remains unclear. Comparing the difference of gut microbiota between the invasive snail P. canaliculata and native snail C. chinensis could provide new insight into the invasion mechanism of P.canaliculata at the microbial level. Methods Gut samples from 20 golden apple snails and 20 Chinese mud snails from wild freshwater habitats were collected and isolated. The 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region of the gut microbiota was analyzed using high throughput Illumina sequencing. Results The gut microbiota dominantly composed of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Epsilonbacteraeota at phylum level in golden apple snail. Only Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum in Chinese mud snail. Alpha diversity analysis (Shannon and Simpson indices) showed there were no significant differences in gut microbial diversity, but relative abundances of the two groups differed significantly (P < 0.05). Beta diversity analysis (Bray Curtis and weighted UniFrac distance) showed marked differences in the gut microbiota structure (P < 0.05). Unique or high abundance microbial taxa were more abundant in the invasive snail compared to the native form. Functional prediction analysis indicated that the relative abundances of functions differed significantly regarding cofactor prosthetic group electron carrier and vitamin biosynthesis, amino acid biosynthesis, and nucleoside and nucleotide biosynthesis (P < 0.05). These results suggest an enhanced potential to adapt to new habitats in the invasive snail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, Guangxi, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongying Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Dinghong Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenlong Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinlong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, Guangxi, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China,College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhengjun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, Guangxi, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
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15
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Boscaini S, Leigh SJ, Lavelle A, García-Cabrerizo R, Lipuma T, Clarke G, Schellekens H, Cryan JF. Microbiota and body weight control: Weight watchers within? Mol Metab 2022; 57:101427. [PMID: 34973469 PMCID: PMC8829807 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite several decades of research, managing body weight remains an unsolved clinical problem. Health problems associated with dysregulated body weight, such as obesity and cachexia, exhibit several gut microbiota alterations. There is an increased interest in utilising the gut microbiota for body weight control, as it responds to intervention and plays an important role in energy extraction from food, as well as biotransformation of nutrients. SCOPE OF THE REVIEW This review provides an overview of the role of the gut microbiota in the physiological and metabolic alterations observed in two body weight dysregulation-related disorders, namely obesity and cachexia. Second, we assess the available evidence for different strategies, including caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, ketogenic diet, bariatric surgery, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, high-fibre diet, and fermented foods - effects on body weight and gut microbiota composition. This approach was used to give insights into the possible link between body weight control and gut microbiota configuration. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Despite extensive associations between body weight and gut microbiota composition, limited success could be achieved in the translation of microbiota-related interventions for body weight control in humans. Manipulation of the gut microbiota alone is insufficient to alter body weight and future research is needed with a combination of strategies to enhance the effects of lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Boscaini
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Aonghus Lavelle
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Timothy Lipuma
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Harriët Schellekens
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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16
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Zhang C, Xu Y, Wu S, Zheng W, Song S, Ai C. Fabrication of astaxanthin-enriched colon-targeted alginate microspheres and its beneficial effect on dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 205:396-409. [PMID: 35176325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (Ax) with a strong antioxidant activity is beneficial to human health, but its application is limited by its highly unsaturated structure and poor water-solubility. Ax-enriched colon targeted alginate particles (Ax-Alg) was prepared by high-pressure spraying and ionic gelation, and most of particles was in the range of 0.5-3.2 μm in a diameter. The in vitro models showed that Ax-Alg can maintain the structural integrity in the different conditions (pH, heat and ion). In addition, Ax-Alg can well tolerate the conditions in the mouth, stomach and small intestine and reach the colon where Ax was released due to fermentation of gut microbiota. Mice experiment showed that Ax-Alg reduced dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis, involving weight loss, disease activity index, colonic mucosal integrity and inflammation, and oxidative damage. On the other hand, Ax-Alg regulated the gut microbiota composition and reduced the abundances of Bacteroidetes members that had positive correlation with ulcerative colitis. Ax-Alg had better effect on the treatment of ulcerative colitis than oil-in-water emulsion, which can be attributed to the synergistic effect of Ax and alginate. This study can be helpful for the application of colon-targeted delivery system in the foods and treatment of colon diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Yuxin Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Shuang Wu
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Weiyun Zheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Shuang Song
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Chunqing Ai
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China.
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17
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Cantoni C, Dorsett Y, Fontana L, Zhou Y, Piccio L. Effects of dietary restriction on gut microbiota and CNS autoimmunity. Clin Immunol 2022; 235:108575. [PMID: 32822833 PMCID: PMC7889763 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disease. It is due to the interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Current opinion is that diet could play a pathogenic role in disease onset and development. Dietary restriction (DR) without malnutrition markedly improves health and increases lifespan in multiple model organisms. DR regimens that utilize continuous or intermittent food restriction can induce anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory and neuroendocrine adaptations promoting health. These adaptations exert neuroprotective effects in the main MS animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). This review summarizes the current knowledge on DR-induced changes in gut microbial composition and metabolite production and its impact on underlying functional mechanisms. Studies demonstrating the protective effects of DR regimens on EAE and people with MS are also presented. This is a rapidly developing research field with important clinical implications for personalized dietary interventions in MS prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cantoni
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yair Dorsett
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Luigi Fontana
- Charles Perkins Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia,Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia,Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Brescia University School of Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Yanjiao Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Laura Piccio
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.,Corresponding author: Laura Piccio, MD PhD, 1) Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, 94 Mallett St Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia, , 2) Washington University School of Medicine, Dept. of Neurology, Campus Box 8111; 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110; USA, Phone: (314) 747-4591; Fax: (314) 747-1345;
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18
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Gregor A, Pignitter M, Trajanoski S, Auernigg-Haselmaier S, Somoza V, König J, Duszka K. Microbial contribution to the caloric restriction-triggered regulation of the intestinal levels of glutathione transferases, taurine, and bile acid. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1992236. [PMID: 34693866 PMCID: PMC8547879 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1992236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently we showed that caloric restriction (CR) triggers an increase in the levels of free taurine, taurine-conjugated bile acids (BA), and other taurine conjugates in intestinal mucosa while decreasing glutathione (GSH) levels in wild-type male mice. In the current project, we decided to investigate whether the microbiota is involved in the response to CR by depleting gut bacteria. The antibiotics treatment diminished CR-specific increase in the levels of free taurine and its conjugates as well as upregulated expression and activity of GSH transferases (GST) in the intestinal mucosa. Further, it diminished a CR-related increase in BAs levels in the liver, plasma, and intestinal mucosa. Transplant of microbiota from CR mice to ad libitum fed mice triggered CR-like changes in MGST1 expression, levels of taurine and taurine conjugates in the mucosa of the ileum. We show for the first time, that microbiota contributes to the intestinal response to CR-triggered changes in BA, taurine, and GST levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Gregor
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marc Pignitter
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Slave Trajanoski
- Core Facility Computational Bioanalytics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Veronika Somoza
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Leibniz-Institut for Food Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen König
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kalina Duszka
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,CONTACT Kalina Duszka Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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19
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Seyfried F, Phetcharaburanin J, Glymenaki M, Nordbeck A, Hankir M, Nicholson JK, Holmes E, Marchesi JR, Li JV. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in Zucker rats induces bacterial and systemic metabolic changes independent of caloric restriction-induced weight loss. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1-20. [PMID: 33535876 PMCID: PMC7872092 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1875108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate weight loss-independent bacterial and metabolic changes, as well as the absorption of bacterial metabolites and bile acids through the hepatic portal system following RYGB surgery. Three groups of obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats were included: RYGB (n = 11), sham surgery and body weight matched with RYGB (Sham-BWM, n = 5), and sham surgery fed ad libitum (Sham-obese, n = 5). Urine and feces were collected at multiple time points, with portal vein and peripheral blood obtained at the end of the study. Metabolic phenotyping approaches and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used to determine the biochemical and bacterial composition of the samples, respectively. RYGB surgery-induced distinct metabolic and bacterial disturbances, which were independent of weight loss through caloric restriction. RYGB resulted in lower absorption of phenylalanine and choline, and higher urinary concentrations of host-bacterial co-metabolites (e.g., phenylacetylglycine, indoxyl sulfate), together with higher fecal trimethylamine, suggesting enhanced bacterial aromatic amino acid and choline metabolism. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were lower in feces and portal vein blood from RYGB group compared to Sham-BWM, accompanied with lower abundances of Lactobacillaceae, and Ruminococcaceae known to contain SCFA producers, indicating reduced bacterial fiber fermentation. Fecal γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) was found in higher concentrations in RYGB than that in Sham groups and could play a role in the metabolic benefits associated with RYGB surgery. While no significant difference in urinary BA excretion, RYGB lowered both portal vein and circulating BA compared to Sham groups. These findings provide a valuable resource for how dynamic, multi-systems changes impact on overall metabolic health, and may provide potential therapeutic targets for developing downstream non-surgical treatment for metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Seyfried
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular, and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jutarop Phetcharaburanin
- Department of Metabolism Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Maria Glymenaki
- Department of Metabolism Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Arno Nordbeck
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular, and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Mohammed Hankir
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular, and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- Division of Organisms and Environment, School of Biosciences, Institute of Health Futures, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Department of Metabolism Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK,Division of Organisms and Environment, School of Biosciences, Institute of Health Futures, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Julian R. Marchesi
- Department of Metabolism Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK,School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jia V. Li
- Department of Metabolism Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK,CONTACT Jia V. Li Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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20
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Hofer SJ, Carmona‐Gutierrez D, Mueller MI, Madeo F. The ups and downs of caloric restriction and fasting: from molecular effects to clinical application. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e14418. [PMID: 34779138 PMCID: PMC8749464 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-associated diseases are rising to pandemic proportions, exposing the need for efficient and low-cost methods to tackle these maladies at symptomatic, behavioral, metabolic, and physiological levels. While nutrition and health are closely intertwined, our limited understanding of how diet precisely influences disease often precludes the medical use of specific dietary interventions. Caloric restriction (CR) has approached clinical application as a powerful, yet simple, dietary modulation that extends both life- and healthspan in model organisms and ameliorates various diseases. However, due to psychological and social-behavioral limitations, CR may be challenging to implement into real life. Thus, CR-mimicking interventions have been developed, including intermittent fasting, time-restricted eating, and macronutrient modulation. Nonetheless, possible side effects of CR and alternatives thereof must be carefully considered. We summarize key concepts and differences in these dietary interventions in humans, discuss their molecular effects, and shed light on advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian J Hofer
- Institute of Molecular BiosciencesNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
- BioHealth GrazGrazAustria
- BioTechMed GrazGrazAustria
| | | | - Melanie I Mueller
- Institute of Molecular BiosciencesNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular BiosciencesNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
- BioHealth GrazGrazAustria
- BioTechMed GrazGrazAustria
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21
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Ahluwalia MK. Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics-A personalized approach to nutrition. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2021; 108:277-340. [PMID: 34844714 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of non-communicable diseases has been on an upward trajectory for some time and this puts an enormous burden on the healthcare expenditure. Lifestyle modifications including dietary interventions hold an immense promise to manage and prevent these diseases. Recent advances in genomic research provide evidence that focussing these efforts on individual variations in abilities to metabolize nutrients (nutrigenetics) and exploring the role of dietary compounds on gene expression (nutrigenomics and nutri-epigenomics) can lead to more meaningful personalized dietary strategies to promote optimal health. This chapter aims to provide examples on these gene-diet interactions at multiple levels to support the need of embedding targeted dietary interventions as a way forward to prevent, avoid and manage diseases.
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22
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23
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Ke S, Mitchell SJ, MacArthur MR, Kane AE, Sinclair DA, Venable EM, Chadaideh KS, Carmody RN, Grodstein F, Mitchell JR, Liu Y. Gut Microbiota Predicts Healthy Late-Life Aging in Male Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:3290. [PMID: 34579167 PMCID: PMC8467910 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) extends lifespan and retards age-related chronic diseases in most species. There is growing evidence that the gut microbiota has a pivotal role in host health and age-related pathological conditions. Yet, it is still unclear how CR and the gut microbiota are related to healthy aging. Here, we report findings from a small longitudinal study of male C57BL/6 mice maintained on either ad libitum or mild (15%) CR diets from 21 months of age and tracked until natural death. We demonstrate that CR results in a significantly reduced rate of increase in the frailty index (FI), a well-established indicator of aging. We observed significant alterations in diversity, as well as compositional patterns of the mouse gut microbiota during the aging process. Interrogating the FI-related microbial features using machine learning techniques, we show that gut microbial signatures from 21-month-old mice can predict the healthy aging of 30-month-old mice with reasonable accuracy. This study deepens our understanding of the links between CR, gut microbiota, and frailty in the aging process of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanlin Ke
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.K.); (F.G.)
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Sarah J. Mitchell
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8005 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Michael R. MacArthur
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8005 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Alice E. Kane
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.E.K.); (D.A.S.)
| | - David A. Sinclair
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.E.K.); (D.A.S.)
| | - Emily M. Venable
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; (E.M.V.); (K.S.C.); (R.N.C.)
| | - Katia S. Chadaideh
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; (E.M.V.); (K.S.C.); (R.N.C.)
| | - Rachel N. Carmody
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; (E.M.V.); (K.S.C.); (R.N.C.)
| | - Francine Grodstein
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.K.); (F.G.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James R. Mitchell
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8005 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Yangyu Liu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.K.); (F.G.)
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Conway J, A Duggal N. Ageing of the gut microbiome: Potential influences on immune senescence and inflammageing. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 68:101323. [PMID: 33771720 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Advancing age is accompanied by changes in the gut microbiota characterised by a loss of beneficial commensal microbes that is driven by intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as diet, medications, sedentary behaviour and chronic health conditions. Concurrently, ageing is accompanied by an impaired ability to mount a robust immune response, termed immunesenescence, and age-associated inflammation, termed inflammaging. The microbiome has been proposed to impact the immune system and is a potential determinant of healthy aging. In this review we summarise the knowledge on the impact of ageing on microbial dysbiosis, intestinal permeability, inflammaging, and the immune system and investigate whether dysbiosis of the gut microbiota could be a potential mechanism underlying the decline in immune function, overall health and longevity with advancing age. Furthermore, we examine the potential of altering the gut microbiome composition as a novel intervention strategy to reverse the immune ageing clock and possibly support overall good health during old age.
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Larrick JW, Mendelsohn AR. Supplementation with Brush Border Enzyme Alkaline Phosphatase Slows Aging. Rejuvenation Res 2021; 23:171-175. [PMID: 32253980 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2020.2335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diminished integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier with advanced age is believed to contribute to aging-associated dysfunction and pathologies in animals. In mammals, diminished gut integrity contributes to inflammaging, the increase in inflammatory processes observed in old age. Recent work suggests that expression of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) plays a key role in maintaining gut integrity. IAP expression decreases with increasing age in mice and humans. Absence of IAP leads to liver inflammation and shortened life-spans in mice lacking the IAP gene. In normal mice, exogenous supplemental IAP reverses age-induced barrier dysfunction, improves aging-associated metabolic dysfunction, prevents microbiome dysbiosis (imbalance), and extends life-span. Consistent with IAP playing a conserved role in maintaining gut integrity, increased dietary IAP increases aging-diminished physical performance in flies. IAP helps maintain gut integrity in part by supporting the expression of tight junction proteins that maintain the intestinal epithelial barrier and by inactivating bacterial pro-inflammatory factors such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) by dephosphorylation. Recombinant IAP is in late clinical trials for sepsis-associated acute kidney injury, suggesting it may soon become available as a therapeutic. Taken together, these reports support the idea that directly increasing IAP levels by supplemental recombinant IAP or by indirectly increasing IAP levels using dietary means to induce endogenous IAP may slow the development of aging-associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Larrick
- Panorama Research Institute, Sunnydale, California.,Regenerative Sciences Institute, Sunnydale, California
| | - Andrew R Mendelsohn
- Panorama Research Institute, Sunnydale, California.,Regenerative Sciences Institute, Sunnydale, California
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26
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Martin OA, Grant-Beurmann S, Orellana ER, Hajnal A, Fraser CM. Changes in the Gut Microbiota Following Bariatric Surgery Are Associated with Increased Alcohol Intake in a Female Rat Model. Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 56:605-613. [PMID: 34155502 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to investigate if differences in gut microbiota diversity and composition are associated with post-operative alcohol intake following bariatric surgery in a rat model. METHODS Twenty-four female rats were randomized to three treatment groups: sham surgery, vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Stool was collected pre- and post-operatively and 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing was performed. Analysis focused on correlating microbial diversity, type of surgery and alcohol (EtOH) intake. RESULTS Pre-operative stools samples on regular diet showed similar taxonomic composition and Shannon diversity among the three treatment groups. There was a significant decrease in Shannon diversity and a change in taxonomic composition of the gut microbiota after rats was fed high fat diet. Post-operatively, the RYGB group showed significantly lower taxonomic diversity than the VSG and sham groups, while the VSG and sham groups diversity were not significantly different. Taxonomic composition and function prediction based on PICRUSt analysis showed the RYGB group to be distinct from the VSG and sham groups. Shannon diversity was found to be negatively associated with EtOH intake. CONCLUSIONS Changes in the taxonomic profile of the gut microbiota following bariatric surgery, particularly RYGB, are associated with increased EtOH intake and may contribute to increased alcohol use disorder risk through the gut-brain-microbiome axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia A Martin
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, West Baltimore St. 21201, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, West Baltimore St. 21201, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Silvia Grant-Beurmann
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, West Baltimore St. 21201, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elise R Orellana
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, University Drive. 10733, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Andras Hajnal
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, University Drive. 10733, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Claire M Fraser
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, West Baltimore St. 21201, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, West Baltimore St. 21201, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, West Baltimore St. 21201, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Moreira Júnior RE, de Carvalho LM, Dos Reis DC, Cassali GD, Faria AMC, Maioli TU, Brunialti-Godard AL. Diet-induced obesity leads to alterations in behavior and gut microbiota composition in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 92:108622. [PMID: 33705942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The high prevalence of obesity and associated metabolic disorders are one of the major public health problems worldwide. Among the main causal factors of obesity, excessive consumption of food rich in sugar and fat stands out due to its high energy density. The regulation of food intake relies on hypothalamic control by the action of several neuropeptides. Excessive consumption of hypercaloric diets has impact in the behavior and in the gut microbiota. In the present study, we used a high-sugar and fat (HSB) diet for 12 weeks to induce obesity in C57BL/6 mice and to investigate its effects on the gut microbiota, hypothalamic peptides, and behavior. We hypothesize that chronic consumption of HSB diet can change the behavior. Additionally, we also hypothesize that changes in gut microbiota can be associated with changes in the transcriptional regulation of hypothalamic peptides and behavior. To evaluate the gut microbiota, we performed the sequencing of 16S rRNA gene, which demonstrate that HSB diet modulates the gut microbiota with an increase in the Firmicutes and Actinobacteria phylum and a decrease of Bacteroidetes phylum. The real time qPCR revealed that HSB-fed mice presented changes in the transcriptional regulation of hypothalamic neuropeptides genes such as Npy, Gal and Galr1. The Marble-burying and Light/dark box tests also showed an alteration in anxiety and impulsive behaviors for the HSB-fed mice. Our data provides evidence that obesity induced by HSB diet consumption is associated with alterations in gut microbiota and behavior, highlighting the multifactorial characteristics of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Elias Moreira Júnior
- Laboratório de Genética Animal e Humana, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luana Martins de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Genética Animal e Humana, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Diego Carlos Dos Reis
- Laboratório de Patologia Comparada, Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Geovanni Dantas Cassali
- Laboratório de Patologia Comparada, Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Caetano Faria
- Departmento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tatiani Uceli Maioli
- Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Brunialti-Godard
- Laboratório de Genética Animal e Humana, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Muralidharan J, Moreno-Indias I, Bulló M, Lopez JV, Corella D, Castañer O, Vidal J, Atzeni A, Fernandez-García JC, Torres-Collado L, Fernández-Carrión R, Fito M, Olbeyra R, Gomez-Perez AM, Galiè S, Bernal-López MR, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Salas-Salvadó J, Tinahones FJ. Effect on gut microbiota of a 1-y lifestyle intervention with Mediterranean diet compared with energy-reduced Mediterranean diet and physical activity promotion: PREDIMED-Plus Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:1148-1158. [PMID: 34020445 PMCID: PMC8408861 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mediterranean diet is a well-recognized healthy diet that has shown to induce positive changes in gut microbiota. Lifestyle changes such as diet along with physical activity could aid in weight loss and improve cardiovascular risk factors. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of an intensive lifestyle weight loss intervention on gut microbiota. METHODS This is a substudy of the PREDIMED-Plus (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea-Plus), a randomized controlled trial conducted in overweight/obese men and women (aged 55-75 y) with metabolic syndrome. The intervention group (IG) underwent an intensive weight loss lifestyle intervention based on an energy-restricted Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and physical activity promotion, and the control group (CG) underwent a non-energy-restricted MedDiet for 1 y. Anthropometric, biochemical, and gut microbial 16S rRNA sequencing data were analyzed at baseline (n = 362) and 1-y follow-up (n = 343). RESULTS IG participants had a weight loss of 4.2 (IQR, -6.8, -2.5) kg compared with 0.2 (IQR, -2.1, 1.4) kg in the CG (P < 0.001). Reductions in BMI, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and triglycerides and an increase in HDL cholesterol were greater in IG than in CG participants (P < 0.05). We observed a decrease in Butyricicoccus, Haemophilus, Ruminiclostridium 5, and Eubacterium hallii in the IG compared with the CG. Many genera shifted in the same direction within both intervention groups, indicating an overall effect of the MedDiet. Decreases in Haemophilus, Coprococcus 3, and few other genera were associated with a decrease in adiposity parameters in both intervention groups. Changes in Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 were positively associated with changes in MedDiet adherence. CONCLUSIONS Weight loss induced by an energy-restricted MedDiet and physical activity induce changes in gut microbiota. The role of MedDiet-induced changes on the host might be via short-chain fatty acid producing bacteria, whereas with energy restriction, these changes might be modulated with other mechanisms, which need to be explored in future studies. This trial was registered at http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN89898870 as ISRCT 89898870.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jananee Muralidharan
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d’Investigacions Sanitàries Pere i Virgili, Human Nutrition Unit, Reus, Spain,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Jesús Vioque Lopez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, ISABIAL-UMH, Alicante, Spain,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition (Regicor Study Group), Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clinic Universitari, Barcelona, Spain,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alessandro Atzeni
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d’Investigacions Sanitàries Pere i Virgili, Human Nutrition Unit, Reus, Spain,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Carlos Fernandez-García
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Unidad de Gestion Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Laboratorio del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario de Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Laura Torres-Collado
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, ISABIAL-UMH, Alicante, Spain,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Fernández-Carrión
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Monsterrat Fito
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition (Regicor Study Group), Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Romina Olbeyra
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Maria Gomez-Perez
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Unidad de Gestion Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Laboratorio del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario de Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Serena Galiè
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d’Investigacions Sanitàries Pere i Virgili, Human Nutrition Unit, Reus, Spain,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Rosa Bernal-López
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,UGC Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Martinez-Gonzalez
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d’Investigacions Sanitàries Pere i Virgili, Human Nutrition Unit, Reus, Spain,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Jose Tinahones
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Unidad de Gestion Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Laboratorio del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario de Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Yun L, Li W, Liu Y, Wu T, Zhang M. Regulation of wheat germ polysaccharides in the immune response of mice from newborn to adulthood associated with intestinal microbiota. Food Funct 2021; 11:9662-9674. [PMID: 33211056 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02031a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of wheat germ polysaccharides (WGPs), which are indigestible carbohydrate fibers, on mice in early life, and the changes leading to long-lasting consequences. We determined the influences of early life ceftriaxone and WGP treatment on intestinal microbiota and immunity both in newborn and adulthood mice. The results showed that ceftriaxone significantly altered the intestinal microbiota, short-chain fatty acids' (SCFAs) metabolism, organ index, and serum OVA-specific IgE levels in newborn mice. Comparing adulthood mice to ceftriaxone-treated mice, the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota were significantly improved after WGP treatment. In addition, the levels of OVA-specific IgE in the WGP-treated mice were significantly decreased, and the expression of cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) were obviously increased. Therefore, we speculate that the mechanism of action of the indigestible carbohydrate fibers of WGPs is through maintaining immune homeostasis in newborns, which may partly last into adulthood. More importantly, this may be closely related to alterations in the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, College of food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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30
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Diet- and sex-related changes of gut microbiota composition and functional profiles after 4 months of weight loss intervention. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3279-3301. [PMID: 33591390 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02508-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity has been related to intestinal dysbiosis and the modification of gut microbiota composition by dietary strategies becomes a promising strategy to help manage obesity. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of two weight-loss diets on the composition and functional profile of gut microbiota. METHODS 55 men and 124 women with BMI > 25 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to moderately high-protein (MHP) or low-fat (LF) diet. Differences in fecal bacteria abundance (based on 16 s rRNA sequencing) between before and after 4 months of calorie restriction was analyzed using EdgeR tool in MicrobiomeAnalyst platform. Bacterial functional profile was predicted using Tax4Fun and metagenomeSeq analysis. Significant KEGG Orthology (KO) terms were selected for the metabolomic study using chromatography. RESULTS After the intervention, MHP-men showed a significant decrease in Negativicutes, Selenomonadales, Dielma and Dielma fastidiosa. LF-men showed a significant increase in Bacilli, Lactobacillales, Christensenellaceae, Peptococcaceae, and Streptococcaceae, Peptococcus, Streptococcus and Christensenella, Duncaniella dubosii_CP039396_93.49%, Roseburia sp_AB744234_98.96% and Alistipes inops_KJ572413_99.57%. MHP-women increased Pasteurellales, Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens, Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans_LR215981_99.55% and decreased in Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens_NR112902_99.56%. Finally, LF-women presented a significant decrease in Bacteroides clarus and Erysipelothrix inopinata_CP060715_84.4%. Surprisingly, no matching bacterial changes were found between these four groups. A total of 42 KO, 10 metabolic pathways and 107 related metabolites related were found implicated in these bacterial changes. Seven metabolites were confirmed in plasma. CONCLUSION Weight-loss-related-changes in gut microbiome composition and the functional profile occur in a sex- and diet-related manner, showing that women and men could differentially benefit from the consumption of MHP and LF diets. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02737267, 10th March 2016 retrospectively registered.
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Purushothaman K, Tan JKH, Lau D, Saju JM, Thevasagayam NM, Wee CL, Vij S. Feed Restriction Modulates Growth, Gut Morphology and Gene Expression in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041814. [PMID: 33670431 PMCID: PMC7917766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A reduction in daily caloric or nutrient intake has been observed to promote health benefits in mammals and other vertebrates. Feed Restriction (FR), whereby the overall food intake of the organism is reduced, has been explored as a method to improve metabolic and immune health, as well as to optimize productivity in farming. However, less is known regarding the molecular and physiological consequences of FR. Using the model organism, Danio rerio, we investigated the impact of a short-term (month-long) FR on growth, gut morphology and gene expression. Our data suggest that FR has minimal effects on the average growth rates, but it may affect weight and size heterogeneity in a sex-dependent manner. In the gut, we observed a significant reduction in gut circumference and generally lower mucosal heights, whereas other parameters remained unchanged. Gene Ontology (GO), EuKaryotic Orthologous Groups (KOG), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis identified numerous metabolic, reproductive, and immune response pathways that were affected by FR. These results broaden our understanding of FR and contribute towards growing knowledge of its effects on vertebrate health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathiresan Purushothaman
- Reproductive Genomics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore 117604, Singapore; (K.P.); (D.L.); (J.M.S.); (N.M.T.)
| | - Jerryl Kim Han Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Dr, Singapore 138673, Singapore;
| | - Doreen Lau
- Reproductive Genomics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore 117604, Singapore; (K.P.); (D.L.); (J.M.S.); (N.M.T.)
| | - Jolly M. Saju
- Reproductive Genomics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore 117604, Singapore; (K.P.); (D.L.); (J.M.S.); (N.M.T.)
| | - Natascha M. Thevasagayam
- Reproductive Genomics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore 117604, Singapore; (K.P.); (D.L.); (J.M.S.); (N.M.T.)
| | - Caroline Lei Wee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Dr, Singapore 138673, Singapore;
- Correspondence: (C.L.W.); (S.V.)
| | - Shubha Vij
- Reproductive Genomics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore 117604, Singapore; (K.P.); (D.L.); (J.M.S.); (N.M.T.)
- Correspondence: (C.L.W.); (S.V.)
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32
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Soares EL, Dos Santos FA, Mroczek T, de Lima DC, Josefino HVB, da Silva LAB, Mecca LEA, Franco GCN. Effect of caloric restriction on alveolar bone loss in rats. Life Sci 2021; 269:119067. [PMID: 33465390 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tayline Mroczek
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
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Cage bedding modifies metabolic and gut microbiota profiles in mouse studies applying dietary restriction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20835. [PMID: 33257713 PMCID: PMC7705694 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77831-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Experiments involving food restriction are common practice in metabolic research. Under fasted conditions, mice supplement their diet with cage bedding. We aimed at identifying metabolic and microbiota-related parameters affected by the bedding type. We exposed mice housed with wooden, cellulose, or corncob cage beddings to ad libitum feeding, caloric restriction (CR), or over-night (ON) fasting. Additionally, two subgroups of the ON fast group were kept without any bedding or on a metal grid preventing coprophagy. Mice under CR supplemented their diet substantially with bedding; however, the amount varied depending on the kind of bedding. Bedding-related changes in body weight loss, fat loss, cecum size, stomach weight, fecal output, blood ghrelin levels as well as a response to glucose oral tolerance test were recorded. As fiber is fermented by the gut bacteria, the type of bedding affects gut bacteria and fecal metabolites composition of CR mice. CR wood and cellulose groups showed distinct cecal metabolite and microbiome profiles when compared to the CR corncob group. While all ad libitum fed animal groups share similar profiles. We show that restriction-related additional intake of bedding-derived fiber modulates multiple physiological parameters. Therefore, the previous rodent studies on CR, report the combined effect of CR and increased fiber consumption.
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Gut Microbiota during Dietary Restrictions: New Insights in Non-Communicable Diseases. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081140. [PMID: 32731505 PMCID: PMC7465033 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, there has been a growing interest in dietary restrictions for their promising effects on longevity and health span. Indeed, these strategies are supposed to delay the onset and burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as obesity, diabetes, cancer and neurological and gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases. At the same time, the gut microbiota has been shown to play a crucial role in NCDs since it is actively involved in maintaining gut homeostasis through its impact on nutrients metabolism, gut barrier, and immune system. There is evidence that dietary restrictions could slow down age-related changes in the types and numbers of gut bacteria, which may counteract gut dysbiosis. The beneficial effects on gut microbiota may positively influence host metabolism, gut barrier permeability, and brain functions, and subsequently, postpone the onset of NCDs prolonging the health span. These new insights could lead to the development of novel strategies for modulating gut microbiota with the end goal of treating/preventing NCDs. This review provides an overview of animal and human studies focusing on gut microbiota variations during different types of dietary restriction, in order to highlight the close relationship between gut microbiota balance and the host's health benefits induced by these nutritional regimens.
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Kim M, Benayoun BA. The microbiome: an emerging key player in aging and longevity. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE OF AGING 2020; 4:103-116. [PMID: 32832742 PMCID: PMC7437988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Revolutionary advancements of high-throughput sequencing and metagenomic tools have provided new insights to microbiome function, including a bidirectional relationship between the microbiome and host aging. The intestinal tract is the largest surface in the human body that directly interacts with foreign antigens - it is covered with extremely complex and diverse community of microorganisms, known as the gut microbiome. In a healthy gut, microbial communities maintain a homeostatic metabolism and reside within the host in a state of immune tolerance. Abnormal shifts in the gut microbiome, however, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related chronic diseases, including obesity, cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. The gut microbiome is emerging as a key factor in the aging process. In this review, we describe studies of humans and model organisms that suggest a direct causal role of the gut microbiome on host aging. Additionally, we also discuss sex-dimorphism in the gut microbiome and its possible roles in age-related sex-dimorphic phenotypes. We also provide an overview of widely used microbiome analysis methods and tools which could be used to explore the impact of microbiome remodeling on aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhoo Kim
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Bérénice A. Benayoun
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Molecular and Computational Biology Department, USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- USC Stem Cell Initiative, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Caloric Restriction-Common Pathways Affecting Metabolism, Health, and Longevity. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071708. [PMID: 32708786 PMCID: PMC7407644 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) is a traditional but scientifically verified approach to promoting health and increasing lifespan. CR exerts its effects through multiple molecular pathways that trigger major metabolic adaptations. It influences key nutrient and energy-sensing pathways including mammalian target of rapamycin, Sirtuin 1, AMP-activated protein kinase, and insulin signaling, ultimately resulting in reductions in basic metabolic rate, inflammation, and oxidative stress, as well as increased autophagy and mitochondrial efficiency. CR shares multiple overlapping pathways with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), particularly in energy metabolism and inflammation. Consequently, several lines of evidence suggest that PPARs might be indispensable for beneficial outcomes related to CR. In this review, we present the available evidence for the interconnection between CR and PPARs, highlighting their shared pathways and analyzing their interaction. We also discuss the possible contributions of PPARs to the effects of CR on whole organism outcomes.
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Mohr AE, Jäger R, Carpenter KC, Kerksick CM, Purpura M, Townsend JR, West NP, Black K, Gleeson M, Pyne DB, Wells SD, Arent SM, Kreider RB, Campbell BI, Bannock L, Scheiman J, Wissent CJ, Pane M, Kalman DS, Pugh JN, Ortega-Santos CP, Ter Haar JA, Arciero PJ, Antonio J. The athletic gut microbiota. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2020; 17:24. [PMID: 32398103 PMCID: PMC7218537 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-020-00353-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract play a significant role in nutrient uptake, vitamin synthesis, energy harvest, inflammatory modulation, and host immune response, collectively contributing to human health. Important factors such as age, birth method, antibiotic use, and diet have been established as formative factors that shape the gut microbiota. Yet, less described is the role that exercise plays, particularly how associated factors and stressors, such as sport/exercise-specific diet, environment, and their interactions, may influence the gut microbiota. In particular, high-level athletes offer remarkable physiology and metabolism (including muscular strength/power, aerobic capacity, energy expenditure, and heat production) compared to sedentary individuals, and provide unique insight in gut microbiota research. In addition, the gut microbiota with its ability to harvest energy, modulate the immune system, and influence gastrointestinal health, likely plays an important role in athlete health, wellbeing, and sports performance. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms in which the gut microbiota could play in the role of influencing athletic performance is of considerable interest to athletes who work to improve their results in competition as well as reduce recovery time during training. Ultimately this research is expected to extend beyond athletics as understanding optimal fitness has applications for overall health and wellness in larger communities. Therefore, the purpose of this narrative review is to summarize current knowledge of the athletic gut microbiota and the factors that shape it. Exercise, associated dietary factors, and the athletic classification promote a more “health-associated” gut microbiota. Such features include a higher abundance of health-promoting bacterial species, increased microbial diversity, functional metabolic capacity, and microbial-associated metabolites, stimulation of bacterial abundance that can modulate mucosal immunity, and improved gastrointestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex E Mohr
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - Ralf Jäger
- Increnovo LLC, Milwaukee, WI, 53202, USA
| | | | - Chad M Kerksick
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO, USA
| | | | - Jeremy R Townsend
- Exercise and Nutrition Science Graduate Program, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN, 37204, USA
| | - Nicholas P West
- School of Medical Research and Menzies Health Institute of QLD, Griffith Health, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Katherine Black
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael Gleeson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - David B Pyne
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia
| | | | - Shawn M Arent
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Richard B Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4253, USA
| | - Bill I Campbell
- Performance & Physique Enhancement Laboratory, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Craig J Wissent
- Jamieson Wellness Inc., 4025 Rhodes Drive, Windsor, Ontario, N8W 5B5, Canada
| | - Marco Pane
- Bioloab Research, Via E. Mattei 3, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Douglas S Kalman
- Scientific Affairs, Nutrasource Diagnostics, Inc. Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jamie N Pugh
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Tom Reilly Building, Byrom St Campus, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | | | | | - Paul J Arciero
- Health and Human Physiological Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA
| | - Jose Antonio
- Exercise and Sport Science, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The gut microbiota has been speculated to underpin metabolic changes associated with chronic antipsychotic use. The change in the gut microbiota can also cause abnormal absorbtion from the gut into the blood stream (leaky gut syndrome) that can lead to inflammatory reactions, and thus, secondary damage to the brain and central nervous system. Our article aims to highlight relevant research on antipsychotic's effect on the microbiota and to point out future directions. RECENT FINDINGS Antipsychtoic use can result in specific microbiota changes, and it is important to differentiate this from the innate microbiota of the patient. It is important to treat these microbiota changes, as they are correlated with obesity, which is a negative contributor to the cardiovascular health of those suffering with schizophrenia. Ways to prevent antipsychotic-induced side-effects include antibiotic treatment, histamine 3 receptor blockade and metformin use. SUMMARY Given the dearth of current literature, more research is needed, however, to determine, which comes first in people with schizophrenia--an abnormal gut microbiota that elevates one's risk for schizophrenia or psychopharmacologic treatment of schizophrenia leading to secondary microbiota abnormalities or the negative symptoms of schizophrenia leading to obesity and its associated microbiota changes.
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Vemuganti R, Arumugam TV. Molecular Mechanisms of Intermittent Fasting-induced Ischemic Tolerance. CONDITIONING MEDICINE 2020; 3:9-17. [PMID: 34278242 PMCID: PMC8281895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Diet is a significant factor in determining human well-being. Excessive eating and/or diets with higher than needed amounts of carbohydrates, salt, and fat are known to cause metabolic disorders and functional changes in the body. To compensate the ill effects, many designer diets including the Mediterranean diet, the Okinawa diet, vegetarian/vegan diets, keto diet, anti-inflammatory diet, and the anti-oxidant diet have been introduced in the past 2 decades. While these diets are either enriched or devoid of one or more specific components, a better way to control diet is to limit the amount of food consumed. Caloric restriction (CR), which involves limiting the amount of food consumed rather than eliminating any specific type of food, as well as intermittent fasting (IF), which entails limiting the time during which food can be consumed on a given day, have gained popularity because of their positive effects on human health. While the molecular mechanisms of these 2 dietary regimens have not been fully deciphered, they are known to prolong the life span, control blood pressure, and blood glucose levels. Furthermore, CR and IF were both shown to decrease the incidence of heart attack and stroke, as well as their ill effects. In particular, IF is thought to promote metabolic switching by altering gene expression profiles leading to reduced inflammation and oxidative stress, while increasing plasticity and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Vemuganti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton VA Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
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Aging and Caloric Restriction Modulate the DNA Methylation Profile of the Ribosomal RNA Locus in Human and Rat Liver. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020277. [PMID: 31973116 PMCID: PMC7070571 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing amount of evidence suggests that the downregulation of protein synthesis is an adaptive response during physiological aging, which positively contributes to longevity and can be modulated by nutritional interventions like caloric restriction (CR). The expression of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is one of the main determinants of translational rate, and epigenetic modifications finely contribute to its regulation. Previous reports suggest that hypermethylation of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) locus occurs with aging, although with some species- and tissue- specificity. In the present study, we experimentally measured DNA methylation of three regions (the promoter, the 5′ of the 18S and the 5′ of 28S sequences) in the rDNA locus in liver tissues from rats at two, four, 10, and 18 months. We confirm previous findings, showing age-related hypermethylation, and describe, for the first time, that this gain in methylation also occurs in human hepatocytes. Furthermore, we show that age-related hypermethylation is enhanced in livers of rat upon CR at two and 10 months, and that at two months a trend towards the reduction of rRNA expression occurs. Collectively, our results suggest that CR modulates age-related regulation of methylation at the rDNA locus, thus providing an epigenetic readout of the pro-longevity effects of CR.
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41
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Kim M, Benayoun BA. The microbiome: An emerging key player in aging and longevity. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE OF AGING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tma.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Li Q, Zhang M, Wu T, Liu R. Potential correlation between carbohydrate-active enzyme family 48 expressed by gut microbiota and the expression of intestinal epithelial AMP-activated protein kinase β. J Food Biochem 2019; 44:e13123. [PMID: 31837163 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The expression of the carbohydrate-active enzyme family and related genes is known to be influenced by the response of intestinal microbiota to dietary changes. However, it is uncertain whether this is caused by variation in the intestinal microecology. In this study, metabolite analysis, 16S rDNA sequencing, metagenomics, and Western blotting were employed to investigate the effects of dietary intervention on the composition of gut microbiota and microbiota-mediated changes. The results showed that compared with the low fiber-fed group, the fiber diet-fed mice displayed a shift in gut microbiota composition to contain more members of phylum Bacteroidetes, accompanied by higher proportions of Akkermansia and typical probiotic Bifidobacterium. Moreover, correlations were found between microbial genes coding for carbohydrate-binding module family 48 (CBM48) and intestinal epithelial expression levels of AMPK β. This finding provides new insight for elucidating the contribution of dietary intervention through AMPK regulation linked to the microbial carbohydrate-binding family. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The relationship suggested by these data will provide theoretical and applied foundations for the development of potential intervention targeting the interaction between gut microbiota and host health, particularly the use of dietary fiber as a medically relevant food. Additionally, a better understanding of the interactions between gut microbiota and intestinal epithelial will inform the development of gut microbiota intervention as a health-promoting procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China.,School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Food Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
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Sharma A, Smith HJ, Yao P, Mair WB. Causal roles of mitochondrial dynamics in longevity and healthy aging. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e48395. [PMID: 31667999 PMCID: PMC6893295 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are organized in the cell in the form of a dynamic, interconnected network. Mitochondrial dynamics, regulated by mitochondrial fission, fusion, and trafficking, ensure restructuring of this complex reticulum in response to nutrient availability, molecular signals, and cellular stress. Aberrant mitochondrial structures have long been observed in aging and age-related diseases indicating that mitochondrial dynamics are compromised as cells age. However, the specific mechanisms by which aging affects mitochondrial dynamics and whether these changes are causally or casually associated with cellular and organismal aging is not clear. Here, we review recent studies that show specifically how mitochondrial fission, fusion, and trafficking are altered with age. We discuss factors that change with age to directly or indirectly influence mitochondrial dynamics while examining causal roles for altered mitochondrial dynamics in healthy aging and underlying functional outputs that might affect longevity. Lastly, we propose that altered mitochondrial dynamics might not just be a passive consequence of aging but might constitute an adaptive mechanism to mitigate age-dependent cellular impairments and might be targeted to increase longevity and promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Sharma
- Department of Genetics and Complex DiseasesHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
| | - Hannah J Smith
- Department of Genetics and Complex DiseasesHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
| | - Pallas Yao
- Department of Genetics and Complex DiseasesHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
| | - William B Mair
- Department of Genetics and Complex DiseasesHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
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Buie JJ, Watson LS, Smith CJ, Sims-Robinson C. Obesity-related cognitive impairment: The role of endothelial dysfunction. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 132:104580. [PMID: 31454547 PMCID: PMC6834913 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global pandemic associated with macro- and microvascular endothelial dysfunction. Microvascular endothelial dysfunction has recently emerged as a significant risk factor for the development of cognitive impairment. In this review, we present evidence from clinical and preclinical studies supporting a role for obesity in cognitive impairment. Next, we discuss how obesity-related hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, and gut dysbiosis lead to cognitive impairment through induction of endothelial dysfunction and disruption of the blood brain barrier. Finally, we outline the potential clinical utility of dietary interventions, exercise, and bariatric surgery in circumventing the impacts of obesity on cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Jones Buie
- WISSDOM Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Luke S Watson
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Crystal J Smith
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Catrina Sims-Robinson
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Cerovic M, Forloni G, Balducci C. Neuroinflammation and the Gut Microbiota: Possible Alternative Therapeutic Targets to Counteract Alzheimer's Disease? Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:284. [PMID: 31680937 PMCID: PMC6813195 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex, multi-factorial disease affecting various brain systems. This complexity implies that successful therapies must be directed against several core neuropathological targets rather than single ones. The scientific community has made great efforts to identify the right AD targets beside the historic amyloid-β (Aβ). Neuroinflammation is re-emerging as determinant in the neuropathological process of AD. A new theory, still in its infancy, highlights the role of gut microbiota (GM) in the control of brain development, but also in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Bidirectional communication between the central and the enteric nervous systems, called gut-brain axes, is largely influenced by GM and the immune system is a potential key mediator of this interaction. Growing evidence points to the role of GM in the maturation and activation of host microglia and peripheral immune cells. Several recent studies have found abnormalities in GM (dysbiosis) in AD populations. These observations raise the intriguing question whether and how GM dysbiosis could contribute to AD development through action on the immune system and whether, in a therapeutic prospective, the development of strategies preserving a healthy GM might become a valuable approach to prevent AD. Here, we review the evidence from animal models and humans of the role of GM in neuroinflammation and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Cerovic
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Balducci
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Cryan JF, O'Riordan KJ, Cowan CSM, Sandhu KV, Bastiaanssen TFS, Boehme M, Codagnone MG, Cussotto S, Fulling C, Golubeva AV, Guzzetta KE, Jaggar M, Long-Smith CM, Lyte JM, Martin JA, Molinero-Perez A, Moloney G, Morelli E, Morillas E, O'Connor R, Cruz-Pereira JS, Peterson VL, Rea K, Ritz NL, Sherwin E, Spichak S, Teichman EM, van de Wouw M, Ventura-Silva AP, Wallace-Fitzsimons SE, Hyland N, Clarke G, Dinan TG. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1877-2013. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1243] [Impact Index Per Article: 248.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, the past 15 yr have seen the emergence of the microbiota (the trillions of microorganisms within and on our bodies) as one of the key regulators of gut-brain function and has led to the appreciation of the importance of a distinct microbiota-gut-brain axis. This axis is gaining ever more traction in fields investigating the biological and physiological basis of psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, age-related, and neurodegenerative disorders. The microbiota and the brain communicate with each other via various routes including the immune system, tryptophan metabolism, the vagus nerve and the enteric nervous system, involving microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino acids, and peptidoglycans. Many factors can influence microbiota composition in early life, including infection, mode of birth delivery, use of antibiotic medications, the nature of nutritional provision, environmental stressors, and host genetics. At the other extreme of life, microbial diversity diminishes with aging. Stress, in particular, can significantly impact the microbiota-gut-brain axis at all stages of life. Much recent work has implicated the gut microbiota in many conditions including autism, anxiety, obesity, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models have been paramount in linking the regulation of fundamental neural processes, such as neurogenesis and myelination, to microbiome activation of microglia. Moreover, translational human studies are ongoing and will greatly enhance the field. Future studies will focus on understanding the mechanisms underlying the microbiota-gut-brain axis and attempt to elucidate microbial-based intervention and therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F. Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kenneth J. O'Riordan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Caitlin S. M. Cowan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kiran V. Sandhu
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomaz F. S. Bastiaanssen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marcus Boehme
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Martin G. Codagnone
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sofia Cussotto
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Christine Fulling
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Anna V. Golubeva
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Katherine E. Guzzetta
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Minal Jaggar
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Caitriona M. Long-Smith
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joshua M. Lyte
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jason A. Martin
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alicia Molinero-Perez
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Moloney
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Emanuela Morelli
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Enrique Morillas
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Rory O'Connor
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joana S. Cruz-Pereira
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Veronica L. Peterson
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kieran Rea
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Nathaniel L. Ritz
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eoin Sherwin
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Simon Spichak
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Emily M. Teichman
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marcel van de Wouw
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ana Paula Ventura-Silva
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Shauna E. Wallace-Fitzsimons
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Niall Hyland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G. Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Johnson AA. Lipid Hydrolase Enzymes: Pragmatic Prolongevity Targets for Improved Human Healthspan? Rejuvenation Res 2019; 23:107-121. [PMID: 31426688 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2019.2211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence suggests that lipid metabolism, which plays critical roles in fat storage, cell membrane maintenance, and cell signaling, is intricately linked to aging. Lipid hydrolases are important enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of more complex lipids into simpler lipids. Diverse interventions targeting lipid hydrolases can prolong or shorten life in model organisms. For example, the genetic removal of or RNAi knockdown against a phospholipase can reduce lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and Mus musculus. The removal of lysosomal acid lipase results in premature death in mice, while its overexpression in nematodes generates lean, long-lived individuals. The overexpression or inhibition of diacylglycerol lipase leads to enhanced or reduced longevity, respectively, in both worms and flies. Lifespan can also be extended by knocking down triacylglycerol lipases in yeast, overexpressing fatty acid amide hydrolase in worms, or removing hepatic lipase in a mouse model of coronary disease. Conversely, flies lacking the triacylglycerol lipase Brummer are obese and short lived. Linking sphingolipids and aging, removing the sphingomyelinase inositol phosphosphingolipid phospholipase shortens chronological lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, while inhibiting an acid sphingomyelinase in worms or inactivating alkaline ceramidase in flies extends lifespan. The clinical potential of manipulating these enzymes is highlighted by the FDA-approved obesity drug orlistat, which is an inhibitor of pancreatic and hepatic lipases that induces weight loss and improves insulin/glucose homeostasis. Additional research is warranted to better understand how these lipid hydrolases impact aging and to determine if clinical interventions targeting them are capable of improving human healthspan.
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Abbondio M, Palomba A, Tanca A, Fraumene C, Pagnozzi D, Serra M, Marongiu F, Laconi E, Uzzau S. Fecal Metaproteomic Analysis Reveals Unique Changes of the Gut Microbiome Functions After Consumption of Sourdough Carasau Bread. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1733. [PMID: 31417524 PMCID: PMC6682701 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sourdough-leavened bread (SB) is acknowledged for its great variety of valuable effects on consumer's metabolism and health, including a low glycemic index and a reduced content of the possible carcinogen acrylamide. Here, we aimed to investigate how these effects influence the gut microbiota composition and functions. Therefore, we subjected rats to a diet supplemented with SB, baker's yeast leavened bread (BB), or unsupplemented diet (chow), and, after 4 weeks of treatment, their gut microbiota was analyzed using a metaproteogenomic approach. As a result, diet supplementation with SB led to a reduction of specific members of the intestinal microbiota previously associated to low protein diets, namely Alistipes and Mucispirillum, or known as intestinal pathobionts, i.e., Mycoplasma. Concerning functions, asparaginases expressed by Bacteroides were observed as more abundant in SB-fed rats, leading to hypothesize that in their colonic microbiota the enzyme substrate, asparagine, was available in higher amounts than in BB- and chow-fed rats. Another group of protein families, expressed by Clostridium, was detected as more abundant in animal fed SB-supplemented diet. Of these, manganese catalase, small acid-soluble proteins (SASP), Ser/Thr kinase PrkA, and V-ATPase proteolipid subunit have been all reported to take part in Clostridium sporulation, strongly suggesting that the diet supplementation with SB might promote environmental conditions inducing metabolic dormancy of Clostridium spp. within the gut microbiota. In conclusion, our data describe the effects of SB consumption on the intestinal microbiota taxonomy and functions in rats. Moreover, our results suggest that a metaproteogenomic approach can provide evidence of the interplay between metabolites deriving from bread digestion and microbial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Abbondio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Palomba
- Porto Conte Ricerche, Science and Technology Park of Sardinia, Alghero, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tanca
- Porto Conte Ricerche, Science and Technology Park of Sardinia, Alghero, Italy
| | - Cristina Fraumene
- Porto Conte Ricerche, Science and Technology Park of Sardinia, Alghero, Italy
| | - Daniela Pagnozzi
- Porto Conte Ricerche, Science and Technology Park of Sardinia, Alghero, Italy
| | - Monica Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Fabio Marongiu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ezio Laconi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sergio Uzzau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Porto Conte Ricerche, Science and Technology Park of Sardinia, Alghero, Italy
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Li Q, Chen H, Zhang M, Wu T, Liu R. Altered short chain fatty acid profiles induced by dietary fiber intervention regulate AMPK levels and intestinal homeostasis. Food Funct 2019; 10:7174-7187. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01465a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Butanoate-mediated maintenance of intestinal integrity and homeostasis and the AMPK-dependent co-regulated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Safety
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- China
| | - Haixia Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Safety
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- China
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
| | - Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Safety
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- China
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Safety
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- China
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