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Alothman A, Emwas AH, Singh U, Jaremko M, Agusti S. Metabolomics-based analysis of the diatom Cheatoceros tenuissimus combining NMR and GC-MS techniques. MethodsX 2024; 12:102695. [PMID: 38595808 PMCID: PMC11001764 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics, a recent addition to omics sciences, studies small molecules across plants, animals, humans, and marine organisms. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) are widely used in those studies, including microalgae metabolomics. NMR is non-destructive and highly reproducible but has limited sensitivity, which could be supplemented by joining GC-MS analysis. Extracting metabolites from macromolecules requires optimization for trustworthy results. Different extraction methods yield distinct profiles, emphasizing the need for optimization. The results indicated that the optimized extraction procedure successfully identified NMR and GC-MS-based metabolites in MeOH, CHCl3, and H2O extraction solvents. The findings represented the spectral information related to carbohydrates, organic molecules, and amino acids from the water-soluble metabolites fraction and a series of fatty acid chains, lipids, and sterols from the lipid fraction. Our study underscores the benefit of combining NMR and GC-MS techniques to comprehensively understand microalgae metabolomes, including high and low metabolite concentrations and abundances.•In this study, we focused on optimizing the extraction procedure and combining NMR and GC-MS techniques to overcome the low NMR sensitivity and the different detected range limits of NMR and GC-MS.•We explored metabolome diversity in a tropical strain of the small cells' diatom Cheatoceros tenuissimus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrah Alothman
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental and Science and Engineering, Marine Science Program, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Core Labs, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Upendra Singh
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental and Science and Engineering, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental and Science and Engineering, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Susana Agusti
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental and Science and Engineering, Marine Science Program, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Armstrong E, Law CS. Resilience of Emiliania huxleyi to future changes in subantarctic waters. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284415. [PMID: 37917737 PMCID: PMC10621989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower pH and elevated temperature alter phytoplankton growth and biomass in short-term incubations, but longer-term responses and adaptation potential are less well-studied. To determine the future of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi, a mixed genotype culture from subantarctic water was incubated for 720 days under present-day temperature and pH, and also projected future conditions by the year 2100. The future population exhibited a higher growth rate relative to present-day cells transferred to future conditions after 309 days, indicating adaptation or genotype selection; this was reflected by an increase in optimum growth temperature of ~2.5°C by the end of the experiment. Following transfer to opposing conditions in short-term cross-over incubations, cell volume responded rapidly, within eight generations, confirming trait plasticity. The changes in growth rate and cell volume were larger than reported in previous single stressor relationships and incubations, suggesting synergistic or additive effects of combined elevated temperature and lower pH and highlighting the importance of long-term multiple stressor experiments. At the end of the incubation there were no significant differences in cellular composition (particulate organic content and chlorophyll a), or primary production between present-day and future populations. Conversely, two independent methods showed a 50% decrease in both particulate inorganic carbon and calcification rate, consistent with the decrease in cell volume, in the future population. The observed plasticity and adaptive capacity of E. huxleyi indicate resilience to future conditions in subantarctic waters, although changes in cell volume and carbonate may alter grazing loss and cell ballast, so influencing carbon export to the deep ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Armstrong
- NIWA/University of Otago Research Centre for Oceanography, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Cliff S. Law
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- NIWA, Greta Point, Wellington, New Zealand
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3
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Mesquita AF, Jesus F, Gonçalves FJM, Gonçalves AMM. Ecotoxicological and biochemical effects of a binary mixture of pesticides on the marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii in a scenario of global warming. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 876:162737. [PMID: 36907391 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Under the current scenario of global warming, it is ecologically relevant to understand how increased temperature influences the combined toxicity of pesticides to aquatic species. Hence, this work aims to: a) determine the temperature effect (15 °C, 20 °C and 25 °C) on the toxicity of two pesticides (oxyfluorfen and Copper (Cu)), on the growth of Thalassiosira weissflogii; b) assess whether temperature affects the type of toxicity interaction between these chemicals; and c) assess the temperature effect on biochemical responses (fatty acids (FA) and sugar profiles) of the pesticides on T. weissflogii. Temperature increased the tolerance of the diatoms to the pesticides with EC50 values between 3.176 and 9.929 μg L-1 for oxyfluorfen and 42.50-230.75 μg L-1 for Cu, respectively, at 15 °C and 25 °C. The mixtures toxicity was better described by the IA model, but temperature altered the type of deviation from dose ratio (15 °C and 20 °C) to antagonism (25 °C). Temperature, as well as the pesticide concentrations, affected the FA and sugar profiles. Increased temperature increased saturated FA and decreased unsaturated FA; it also affected the sugar profiles with a pronounced minimum at 20 °C. Results highlight effects on the nutritional value of these diatoms, with potential repercussion on food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia F Mesquita
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Fátima Jesus
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fernando J M Gonçalves
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana M M Gonçalves
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; University of Coimbra, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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4
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Hou X, Mu L, Hu X, Guo S. Warming and microplastic pollution shape the carbon and nitrogen cycles of algae. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 447:130775. [PMID: 36669419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Oceans absorb most excess heat from anthropogenic activities, leading to ocean warming. Moreover, microplastic pollution from anthropogenic activities is serious in marine environments and is accessible to various organisms. However, the combined effects of environmentally realistic ocean warming and microplastic pollution (OW+MP) on dominant marine species phytoplankton and related biochemical cycles are unclear. We investigated the combined effects on the dominant genera of diatoms (Chaetoceros gracilis, C. gracilis) over 100 generations. As a biological adjustment strategy, the growth rates of C. gracilis were nonsignificantly changed by OW+MP, body size decreased, and the chlorophyll a (Chl a) content and photosynthetic efficiency significantly decreased by 32.5% and 10.86%, respectively. The OW+MP condition inhibited carbon and nitrogen assimilation and sequestration capacity and allocated carbon into flexible forms of carbohydrates instead of proteins. Furthermore, the decrease in Si:C and Si:N ratios affected carbon transport to both the mesopelagic layer and deep ocean. Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics showed that OW+MP disturbed ribosome and nitrogen metabolism. Given the rising concurrence of warming and MP pollution, the changes in metabolism suggest that the covariation in carbon, nitrogen and silicon biochemical cycles and the hidden influence on biodiversity and food web changes in the ocean should be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350 Tianjin, China
| | - Li Mu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Product, Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-Product Quality Safety (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 300191 Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350 Tianjin, China.
| | - Shuqing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350 Tianjin, China
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Jin P, Wan J, Dai X, Zhou Y, Huang J, Lin J, Lu Y, Liang S, Xiao M, Zhao J, Xu L, Li M, Peng B, Xia J. Long-term adaptation to elevated temperature but not CO 2 alleviates the negative effects of ultraviolet-B radiation in a marine diatom. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 186:105929. [PMID: 36863076 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.105929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Multifaceted changes in marine environments as a result of anthropogenic activities are likely to have a compounding impact on the physiology of marine phytoplankton. Most studies on the combined effects of rising pCO2, sea surface temperature, and UVB radiation on marine phytoplankton were only conducted in the short-term, which does not allow to test the adaptive capacity of phytoplankton and associated potential trade-offs. Here, we investigated populations of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum that were long-term (∼3.5 years, ∼3000 generations) adapted to elevated CO2 and/or elevated temperatures, and their physiological responses to short-term (∼2 weeks) exposure of two levels of ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation. Our results showed that while elevated UVB radiation showed predominantly negative effects on the physiological performance of P. tricornutum regardless of adaptation regimes. Elevated temperature alleviated these effects on most of the measured physiological parameters (e.g., photosynthesis). We also found that elevated CO2 can modulate these antagonistic interactions, and conclude that long-term adaptation to sea surface warming and rising CO2 may alter this diatom's sensitivity to elevated UVB radiation in the environment. Our study provides new insights into marine phytoplankton's long-term responses to the interplay of multiple environmental changes driven by climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jiaofeng Wan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Dai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yunyue Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jiali Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jiamin Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yucong Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Shiman Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Mengting Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jingyuan Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Leyao Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Mingke Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Baoyi Peng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jianrong Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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Wang YJ, Tüzün N, De Meester L, Feuchtmayr H, Sentis A, Stoks R. Rapid evolution of unimodal but not of linear thermal performance curves in Daphnia magna. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20222289. [PMID: 36629114 PMCID: PMC9832573 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Species may cope with warming through both rapid evolutionary and plastic responses. While thermal performance curves (TPCs), reflecting thermal plasticity, are considered powerful tools to understand the impact of warming on ectotherms, their rapid evolution has been rarely studied for multiple traits. We capitalized on a 2-year experimental evolution trial in outdoor mesocosms that were kept at ambient temperatures or heated 4°C above ambient, by testing in a follow-up common-garden experiment, for rapid evolution of the TPCs for multiple key traits of the water flea Daphnia magna. The heat-selected Daphnia showed evolutionary shifts of the unimodal TPCs for survival, fecundity at first clutch and intrinsic population growth rate toward higher optimum temperatures, and a less pronounced downward curvature indicating a better ability to keep fitness high across a range of high temperatures. We detected no evolution of the linear TPCs for somatic growth, mass and development rate, and for the traits related to energy gain (ingestion rate) and costs (metabolic rate). As a result, also the relative thermal slope of energy gain versus energy costs did not vary. These results suggest the overall (rather than per capita) top-down impact of D. magna may increase under rapid thermal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Wang
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Debériotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nedim Tüzün
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Debériotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Leibniz Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB), 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Luc De Meester
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, University of Leuven, Debériotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Leibniz Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB), 12587 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heidrun Feuchtmayr
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Center, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Arnaud Sentis
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR RECOVER, 3275 route Cézanne, 13182 Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Debériotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Kim H, Huh YJ, Kim JH, Jo M, Shin JH, Park SC, Ahn JY, Lee YI, Lee Y. Identification and evaluation of midbrain specific longevity-related genes in exceptionally long-lived but healthy mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:1030807. [PMID: 36711211 PMCID: PMC9874112 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1030807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain aging is a complex biological process that is affected by both genetic background and environment. The transcriptomic analysis of aged human and rodent brains has been applied to identify age-associated molecular and cellular processes for which intervention could possibly restore declining brain functions induced by aging. However, whether these age-associated genetic alterations are indeed involved in the healthy aging of the brain remains unclear. We herein characterized a naturally occurring, extremely long-lived (34 months of age) but healthy mouse group retaining well-preserved motor functions. Strikingly, these long-lived mice maintained tyrosine hydroxylase expression and dopaminergic fiber densities, even in the presence of persistent neuroinflammation and expression of aging markers. Combined with Endeavor gene prioritization, we identified the following midbrain-specific longevity-associated genes in the midbrain of these mice: aimp2, hexb, cacybp, akt2, nrf1, axin1, wwp2, sp2, dnajb9, notch, traf7, and lrp1. A detailed biochemical analysis of the midbrain of these long-lived mice confirmed the increased expression of Nrf1 and the activation of Akt1 and 2. Interestingly, dopaminergic neuroprotective and age-associated E3 ubiquitin ligase parkin expression was retained at high levels in the aforementioned midbrains, possibly supporting the suppression of its toxic substrates AIMP2 and PARIS. In contrast, the 24-month-old mice with dopaminergic neurite deficits failed to maintain parkin expression in the midbrain. AIMP2-induced cytotoxicity, mitochondrial stress, and neurite toxicity can be prevented by overexpression of parkin, Akt1, and Nrf1 in SH-SY5Y and PC12 cells, and basal expression of parkin, Akt1, and Nrf1 is required for maintenance of mitochondrial function and neurite integrity in PC12 cells. Taken together, this longevity-associated pathway could be a potential target of intervention to maintain nigrostriatal dopaminergic fibers and motor ability to ensure healthy longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Huh
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, Well Aging Research Center, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea,Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Jo
- Department of Pharmacology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Heon Shin
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, United States,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sang Chul Park
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, Well Aging Research Center, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea,The Future Life & Society Research Center, Advanced Institute of Aging Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Yin Ahn
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Il Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, Well Aging Research Center, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea,*Correspondence: Yun-Il Lee,
| | - Yunjong Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea,Yunjong Lee,
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Borges FO, Lopes VM, Santos CF, Costa PR, Rosa R. Impacts of Climate Change on the Biogeography of Three Amnesic Shellfish Toxin Producing Diatom Species. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 15:9. [PMID: 36668829 PMCID: PMC9863508 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are considered one of the main risks for marine ecosystems and human health worldwide. Climate change is projected to induce significant changes in species geographic distribution, and, in this sense, it is paramount to accurately predict how it will affect toxin-producing microalgae. In this context, the present study was intended to project the potential biogeographical changes in habitat suitability and occurrence distribution of three key amnesic shellfish toxin (AST)-producing diatom species (i.e., Pseudo-nitzschia australis, P. seriata, and P. fraudulenta) under four different climate change scenarios (i.e., RCP-2.6, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5) up to 2050 and 2100. For this purpose, we applied species distribution models (SDMs) using four abiotic predictors (i.e., sea surface temperature, salinity, current velocity, and bathymetry) in a MaxEnt framework. Overall, considerable contraction and potential extirpation were projected for all species at lower latitudes together with projected poleward expansions into higher latitudes, mainly in the northern hemisphere. The present study aims to contribute to the knowledge on the impacts of climate change on the biogeography of toxin-producing microalgae species while at the same time advising the correct environmental management of coastal habitats and ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco O. Borges
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET—Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vanessa M. Lopes
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET—Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Frazão Santos
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET—Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Reis Costa
- IPMA—Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, 1749-077 Lisboa, Portugal
- S2AQUA—Collaborative Laboratory, Association for a Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
- CCMAR—Centre of Marine Sciences, Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Rui Rosa
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET—Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Zepernick BN, Niknejad DJ, Stark GF, Truchon AR, Martin RM, Rossignol KL, Paerl HW, Wilhelm SW. Morphological, physiological, and transcriptional responses of the freshwater diatom Fragilaria crotonensis to elevated pH conditions. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1044464. [PMID: 36504786 PMCID: PMC9732472 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1044464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) caused by the toxin-producing cyanobacteria Microcystis spp., can increase water column pH. While the effect(s) of these basified conditions on the bloom formers are a high research priority, how these pH shifts affect other biota remains understudied. Recently, it was shown these high pH levels decrease growth and Si deposition rates in the freshwater diatom Fragilaria crotonensis and natural Lake Erie (Canada-US) diatom populations. However, the physiological mechanisms and transcriptional responses of diatoms associated with these observations remain to be documented. Here, we examined F. crotonensis with a set of morphological, physiological, and transcriptomic tools to identify cellular responses to high pH. We suggest 2 potential mechanisms that may contribute to morphological and physiological pH effects observed in F. crotonensis. Moreover, we identified a significant upregulation of mobile genetic elements in the F. crotonensis genome which appear to be an extreme transcriptional response to this abiotic stress to enhance cellular evolution rates-a process we have termed "genomic roulette." We discuss the ecological and biogeochemical effects high pH conditions impose on fresh waters and suggest a means by which freshwater diatoms such as F. crotonensis may evade high pH stress to survive in a "basified" future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J. Niknejad
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Gwendolyn F. Stark
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Alexander R. Truchon
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Robbie M. Martin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Karen L. Rossignol
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC, United States
| | - Hans W. Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC, United States
| | - Steven W. Wilhelm
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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Jin P, Wan J, Zhou Y, Gao K, Beardall J, Lin J, Huang J, Lu Y, Liang S, Wang K, Ma Z, Xia J. Increased genetic diversity loss and genetic differentiation in a model marine diatom adapted to ocean warming compared to high CO 2. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:2587-2598. [PMID: 35948613 PMCID: PMC9561535 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01302-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Although high CO2 and warming could act interactively on marine phytoplankton, little is known about the molecular basis for this interaction on an evolutionary scale. Here we explored the adaptation to high CO2 in combination with warming in a model marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Whole-genome re-sequencing identifies, in comparison to populations grown under control conditions, a larger genetic diversity loss and a higher genetic differentiation in the populations adapted for 2 years to warming than in those adapted to high CO2. However, this diversity loss was less under high CO2 combined with warming, suggesting that the evolution driven by warming was constrained by high CO2. By integrating genomics, transcriptomics, and physiological data, we found that the underlying molecular basis for this constraint is associated with the expression of genes involved in some key metabolic pathways or biological processes, such as the glyoxylate pathway, amino acid and fatty acid metabolism, and diel variability. Our results shed new light on the evolutionary responses of marine phytoplankton to multiple environmental changes in the context of global change and provide new insights into the molecular basis underpinning interactions among those multiple drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiaofeng Wan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yunyue Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kunshan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - John Beardall
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Jiamin Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiali Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yucong Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shiman Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kaiqiang Wang
- Gene Denovo Biotechnology Co, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zengling Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jianrong Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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11
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Dai X, Zhang J, Zeng X, Huang J, Lin J, Lu Y, Liang S, Ye M, Xiao M, Zhao J, Overmans S, Xia J, Jin P. Adaptation of a marine diatom to ocean acidification increases its sensitivity to toxic metal exposure. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 183:114056. [PMID: 36058179 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Most previous studies investigating the interplay of ocean acidification (OA) and heavy metal on marine phytoplankton were only conducted in short-term, which may provide conservative estimates of the adaptive capacity of them. Here, we examined the physiological responses of long-term (~900 generations) OA-adapted and non-adapted populations of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum to different concentrations of the two heavy metals Cd and Cu. Our results showed that long-term OA selected populations exhibited significantly lower growth and reduced photosynthetic activity than ambient CO2 selected populations at relatively high heavy metal levels. Those findings suggest that the adaptations to high CO2 results in an increased sensitivity of the marine diatom to toxic metal exposure. This study provides evidence for the costs and the cascading consequences associated with the adaptation of phytoplankton to elevated CO2 conditions, and improves our understanding of the complex interactions of future OA and heavy metal pollution in marine waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Dai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiale Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zeng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiali Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiamin Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yucong Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shiman Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mengcheng Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mengting Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sebastian Overmans
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jianrong Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peng Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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12
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Ward BA, Collins S. Rapid evolution allows coexistence of highly divergent lineages within the same niche. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:1839-1853. [PMID: 35759351 PMCID: PMC9543677 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Marine microbial communities are extremely complex and diverse. The number of locally coexisting species often vastly exceeds the number of identifiable niches, and taxonomic composition often appears decoupled from local environmental conditions. This is contrary to the view that environmental conditions should select for a few locally well-adapted species. Here we use an individual-based eco-evolutionary model to show that virtually unlimited taxonomic diversity can be supported in highly evolving assemblages, even in the absence of niche separation. With a steady stream of heritable changes to phenotype, competitive exclusion may be weakened, allowing sustained coexistence of nearly neutral phenotypes with highly divergent lineages. This behaviour is robust even to abrupt environmental perturbations that might be expected to cause strong selection pressure and an associated loss of diversity. We, therefore, suggest that rapid evolution and individual-level variability are key drivers of species coexistence and maintenance of microbial biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben A Ward
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sinead Collins
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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13
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Gill RL, Collins S, Argyle PA, Larsson ME, Fleck R, Doblin MA. Predictability of thermal fluctuations influences functional traits of a cosmopolitan marine diatom. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20212581. [PMID: 35473374 PMCID: PMC9043731 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary theory predicts that organismal plasticity should evolve in environments that fluctuate regularly. However, in environments that fluctuate less predictably, plasticity may be constrained because environmental cues become less reliable for expressing the optimum phenotype. Here, we examine how the predictability of +5°C temperature fluctuations impacts the phenotype of the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. Thermal regimes were informed by temperatures experienced by microbes in an ocean simulation and featured regular or irregular temporal sequences of fluctuations that induced mild physiological stress. Physiological traits (growth, cell size, complexity and pigmentation) were quantified at the individual cell level using flow cytometry. Changes in cellular complexity emerged as the first impact of predictability after only 8–11 days, followed by deleterious impacts on growth on days 13–16. Specifically, cells with a history of irregular fluctuation exposure exhibited a 50% reduction in growth compared with the stable reference environment, while growth was 3–18 times higher when fluctuations were regular. We observed no evidence of heat hardening (increasingly positive growth) with recurrent fluctuations. This study demonstrates that unpredictable temperature fluctuations impact this cosmopolitan diatom under ecologically relevant time frames, suggesting shifts in environmental stochasticity under a changing climate could have widespread consequences among ocean primary producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raissa L Gill
- Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sinead Collins
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9YL, UK
| | - Phoebe A Argyle
- Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michaela E Larsson
- Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert Fleck
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Martina A Doblin
- Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
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14
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Jin P, Wan J, Zhang J, Overmans S, Xiao M, Ye M, Dai X, Zhao J, Gao K, Xia J. Additive impacts of ocean acidification and ambient ultraviolet radiation threaten calcifying marine primary producers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151782. [PMID: 34800448 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) represents a threat to marine organisms and ecosystems. However, OA rarely exists in isolation but occurs concomitantly with other stressors such as ultraviolet radiation (UVR), whose effects have been neglected in oceanographical observations. Here, we perform a quantitative meta-analysis based on 373 published experimental assessments from 26 studies to examine the combined effects of OA and UVR on marine primary producers. The results reveal predominantly additive stressor interactions (69-84% depending on the UV waveband), with synergistic and antagonistic interactions being rare but significantly different between micro- and macro-algae. In microalgae, variations in interaction type frequencies are related to cell volume, with antagonistic interactions accounting for a higher proportion in larger sized species. Despite additive interactions being most frequent, the small proportion of antagonistic interactions appears to have a stronger power, leading to neutral effects of OA in combination with UVR. High levels of UVR at near in situ conditions in combination with OA showed additive inhibition of calcification, but not when UVR was low. The results also reveal that the magnitude of responses is strongly dependent on experimental duration, with the negative effects of OA on calcification and pigmentation being buffered and amplified by increasing durations, respectively. Tropical primary producers were more vulnerable to OA or UVR alone compared to conspecifics from other climatic regions. Our analysis highlights that further multi-stressor long-term adaptation experiments with marine organisms of different cell volumes (especially microalgae) from different climatic regions are needed to fully disclose future impacts of OA and UVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiaofeng Wan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiale Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sebastian Overmans
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mengting Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mengcheng Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoying Dai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kunshan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jianrong Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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15
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Qu PP, Fu FX, Wang XW, Kling JD, Elghazzawy M, Huh M, Zhou QQ, Wang C, Mak EWK, Lee MD, Yang N, Hutchins DA. Two co-dominant nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria demonstrate distinct acclimation and adaptation responses to cope with ocean warming. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 14:203-217. [PMID: 35023627 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The globally dominant N2 -fixing cyanobacteria Trichodesmium and Crocosphaera provide vital nitrogen supplies to subtropical and tropical oceans, but little is known about how they will be affected by long-term ocean warming. We tested their thermal responses using experimental evolution methods during 2 years of selection at optimal (28°C), supra-optimal (32°C) and suboptimal (22°C) temperatures. After several hundred generations under thermal selection, changes in growth parameters, as well as N and C fixation rates, suggested that Trichodesmium did not adapt to the three selection temperature regimes during the 2-year evolution experiment, but could instead rapidly and reversibly acclimate to temperature shifts from 20°C to 34°C. In contrast, over the same timeframe apparent thermal adaptation was observed in Crocosphaera, as evidenced by irreversible phenotypic changes as well as whole-genome sequencing and variant analysis. Especially under stressful warming conditions (34°C), 32°C-selected Crocosphaera cells had an advantage in survival and nitrogen fixation over cell lines selected at 22°C and 28°C. The distinct strategies of phenotypic plasticity versus irreversible adaptation in these two sympatric diazotrophs are both viable ways to maintain fitness despite long-term temperature changes, and so could help to stabilize key ocean nitrogen cycle functions under future warming scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Ping Qu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Fei-Xue Fu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Xin-Wei Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Joshua D Kling
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Mariam Elghazzawy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Megan Huh
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Qian-Qian Zhou
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Chunguang Wang
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Esther Wing Kwan Mak
- Department of Ocean Sciences and Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Michael D Lee
- Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, 94035, USA
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA, 98154, USA
| | - Nina Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - David A Hutchins
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
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16
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Evolution of Phytoplankton as Estimated from Genetic Diversity. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10040456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton are photosynthetic, single-celled organisms producing almost half of all oxygen on Earth and play a central role as prey for higher organisms, making them irreplaceable in the marine food web. As Global Change proceeds, imposing rapidly intensifying selection pressures, phytoplankton are forced to undergo evolution, local extinction, or redistribution, with potentially cascading effects throughout the marine ecosystem. Recent results from the field of population genetics display high levels of standing genetic diversity in natural phytoplankton populations, providing ample ‘evolutionary options’ and implying high adaptive potential to changing conditions. This potential for adaptive evolution is realized in several studies of experimental evolution, even though most of these studies investigate the evolution of only single strains. This, however, shows that phytoplankton not only evolve from standing genetic diversity, but also rely on de novo mutations. Recent global sampling campaigns show that the immense intraspecific diversity of phytoplankton in the marine ecosystem has been significantly underestimated, meaning we are only studying a minor portion of the relevant variability in the context of Global Change and evolution. An increased understanding of genomic diversity is primarily hampered by the low number of ecologically representative reference genomes of eukaryotic phytoplankton and the functional annotation of these. However, emerging technologies relying on metagenome and transcriptome data may offer a more realistic understanding of phytoplankton diversity.
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17
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Jin P, Ji Y, Huang Q, Li P, Pan J, Lu H, Liang Z, Guo Y, Zhong J, Beardall J, Xia J. A reduction in metabolism explains the tradeoffs associated with the long-term adaptation of phytoplankton to high CO 2 concentrations. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:2155-2167. [PMID: 34907539 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton are responsible for nearly half of global primary productivity and play crucial roles in the Earth's biogeochemical cycles. However, the long-term adaptive responses of phytoplankton to rising CO2 remains unknown. Here we examine the physiological and proteomics responses of a marine diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, following long-term (c. 900 generations) selection to high CO2 conditions. Our results show that this diatom responds to long-term high CO2 selection by downregulating proteins involved in energy production (Calvin cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis, oxidative pentose phosphate pathway), with a subsequent decrease in photosynthesis and respiration. Nearly similar extents of downregulation of photosynthesis and respiration allow the high CO2 -adapted populations to allocate the same fraction of carbon to growth, thereby maintaining their fitness during the long-term high CO2 selection. These results indicate an important role of metabolism reduction under high CO2 and shed new light on the adaptive mechanisms of phytoplankton in response to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yan Ji
- School of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Qingdao Technical College, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Quanting Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Peiyuan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jinmei Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hua Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhe Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yingyan Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiahui Zhong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - John Beardall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, 3800, Australia
| | - Jianrong Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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18
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Phytoplankton communities in temporary ponds under different climate scenarios. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17969. [PMID: 34504259 PMCID: PMC8429430 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97516-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporary water bodies, especially vernal pools, are the most sensitive aquatic environments to climate change yet the least studied. Their functioning largely depends on their phytoplankton community structure. This study aimed to determine how temperature and photoperiod length (by simulating inundation in different parts of the year under five climate scenarios) affect the succession and structure of phytoplankton communities soon after inundation. Photoperiod was the most important factor affecting phytoplankton species richness, total abundance and the abundance of taxonomic groups in the course of succession. A long photoperiod (16 h) and a moderate temperature (16 °C) in vernal pool microcosms (late spring inundation after a warm snowless winter) were the most favourable conditions for phytoplankton growth (especially for the main taxonomic groups: chlorophytes and cryptophytes) and species richness. With short photoperiods (inundation in winter) and low temperatures, the communities transformed towards diatoms, euglenoids and cyanobacteria. In line with our predictions, a high temperature (25 °C) favoured a decline in phytoplankton species diversity. Our study shows that climate change will result in seasonal shifts in species abundance or even in their disappearance and, finally, in potential strong changes in the biodiversity and food webs of aquatic ecosystems in the future.
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19
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Biochemical Effects of Two Pesticides in Three Different Temperature Scenarios on the Diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9071247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The exponential increase of the human population demands the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture practices to suppress food production needs. The excessive use of these chemicals (fertilizers and pesticides) can comport deleterious effects to the ecosystems, including aquatic systems and communities. Oxyfluorfen is a fluorine-based herbicide, and its application has increased, since it is seen as an alternative to control glyphosate-resistant weeds. Copper sulfate is an inorganic pesticide based on copper which is being used in several chemical formulations, and it is the second main constituent of fungicides. Besides the known effects of such products in organisms, climatic changes pose an additional issue, being a main concern among scientists and politicians worldwide, since these alterations may worsen ecosystems’ and organisms’ sensitivity to stress conditions, such as the exposure to pollutants. Thalassiosira weissflogii (Grunow) G. A. Fryxell & Hasle, 1977 plays an important role in aquatic food webs as a primary producer and an essential food source to zooplankton. Thus, alterations on the diatom’s abundance and nutritional value may lead to consequences along the trophic chain. However, few studies have evaluated the biochemical impacts of oxyfluorfen and copper sulfate exposure on diatoms. This study intends to (1) evaluate the effects on the growth rate of both contaminants on T. weissfloggi at three temperatures, considering the actual scenario of climatic changes, and (2) assess biochemical changes on the diatom when exposed to the chemicals at different temperatures. To achieve these aims, the marine diatom was exposed to the two chemicals individually at different temperatures. The results showed an increase in the growth rate with increasing temperatures. Oxyfluorfen exhibited higher toxicity than copper sulfate. At the biochemical level, the microalgae were greatly affected when exposed to oxyfluorfen at 20 °C and 25 °C and when exposed to copper sulfate at 15 °C. Moreover, a general increase was observed for the polysaccharide content along the copper sulfate and oxyfluorfen concentrations. Therefore, the contaminants show the ability to interfere with the diatom growth and the nutritive value, with their effects dependent on the temperature.
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20
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Zhong J, Guo Y, Liang Z, Huang Q, Lu H, Pan J, Li P, Jin P, Xia J. Adaptation of a marine diatom to ocean acidification and warming reveals constraints and trade-offs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 771:145167. [PMID: 33736151 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification and warming are recognized as two major anthropogenic perturbations of the modern ocean. However, little is known about the adaptive response of phytoplankton to them. Here we examine the adaptation of a marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii to ocean acidification in combination with ocean warming. Our results show that ocean warming have a greater effect than acidification on the growth of T. weissflogii over the long-term selection experiment (~380 generations), as well as many temperature response traits (e.g., optimum temperatures for photosynthesis, maximal net photosynthetic oxygen evolution rates, activation energy) in thermal reaction norm. These results suggest that ocean warming is the main driver for the evolution of the marine diatom T. weissflogii, rather than oceanacidification. However, the evolution resulting from warming can be constrained by ocean acidification, where ocean warming did not impose any effects at high CO2 level. Furthermore, adaptations to ocean warming alone or to the combination of ocean acidification and warming come with trade-offs by inhibiting photochemical performances. The constrains and trade-offs associated with the adaptation to ocean acidification and warming demonstrated in this study, should be considered for parameterizing evolutionary responses in eco-evolutionary models of phytoplankton dynamics in a future ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingyan Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhe Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Quanting Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hua Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinmei Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peiyuan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peng Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jianrong Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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21
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Opposite Growth Responses of Alexandrium minutum and Alexandrium catenella to Photoperiods and Temperatures. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061056. [PMID: 34070469 PMCID: PMC8229041 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Shift of phytoplankton niches from low to high latitudes has altered their experienced light exposure durations and temperatures. To explore this interactive effect, the growth, physiology, and cell compositions of smaller Alexandrium minutum and larger A. catenella, globally distributed toxic red tide dinoflagellates, were studied under a matrix of photoperiods (light:dark cycles of 8:16, 16:8, and 24:0) and temperatures (18 °C, 22 °C, 25 °C, and 28 °C). Under continuous growth light condition (L:D 24:0), the growth rate (µ) of small A. minutum increased from low to medium temperature, then decreased to high temperature, while the µ of large A. catenella continuously decreased with increasing temperatures. Shortened photoperiods reduced the µ of A. minutum, but enhanced that of A. catenella. As temperature increased, cellular Chl a content increased in both A. minutum and A. catenella, while the temperature-induced effect on RubisCO content was limited. Shortened photoperiods enhanced the Chl a but reduced RubisCO contents across temperatures. Moreover, shortened photoperiods enhanced photosynthetic capacities of both A. minutum and A. catenella, i.e., promoting the PSII photochemical quantum yield (FV/FM, ΦPSII), saturation irradiance (EK), and maximum relative electron transfer rate (rETRmax). Shortened photoperiods also enhanced dark respiration of A. minutum across temperatures, but reduced that of A. catenella, as well as the antioxidant activities of both species. Overall, A. minutum and A. catenella showed differential growth responses to photoperiods across temperatures, probably with cell size.
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22
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Girault M, Siano R, Labry C, Latimier M, Jauzein C, Beneyton T, Buisson L, Del Amo Y, Baret JC. Variable inter and intraspecies alkaline phosphatase activity within single cells of revived dinoflagellates. ISME JOURNAL 2021; 15:2057-2069. [PMID: 33568788 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-00904-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation of cell populations to environmental changes is mediated by phenotypic variability at the single-cell level. Enzyme activity is a key factor in cell phenotype and the expression of the alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) is a fundamental phytoplankton strategy for maintaining growth under phosphate-limited conditions. Our aim was to compare the APA among cells and species revived from sediments of the Bay of Brest (Brittany, France), corresponding to a pre-eutrophication period (1940's) and a beginning of a post-eutrophication period (1990's) during which phosphate concentrations have undergone substantial variations. Both toxic marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum and the non-toxic dinoflagellate Scrippsiella acuminata were revived from ancient sediments. Using microfluidics, we measured the kinetics of APA at the single-cell level. Our results indicate that all S. acuminata strains had significantly higher APA than A. minutum strains. For both species, the APA in the 1990's decade was significantly lower than in the 1940's. For the first time, our results reveal both inter and intraspecific variabilities of dinoflagellate APA and suggest that, at a half-century timescale, two different species of dinoflagellate may have undergone similar adaptative evolution to face environmental changes and acquire ecological advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lionel Buisson
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CRPP, UMR5031, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Yolanda Del Amo
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, Station Marine d'Arcachon, 33120, Arcachon, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Baret
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CRPP, UMR5031, 33600, Pessac, France. .,Institut Universitaire de France, 75005, Paris, France.
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23
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Links between Phenology of Large Phytoplankton and Fisheries in the Northern and Central Red Sea. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Phytoplankton phenology and size structure are key ecological indicators that influence the survival and recruitment of higher trophic levels, marine food web structure, and biogeochemical cycling. For example, the presence of larger phytoplankton cells supports food chains that ultimately contribute to fisheries resources. Monitoring these indicators can thus provide important information to help understand the response of marine ecosystems to environmental change. In this study, we apply the phytoplankton size model of Gittings et al. (2019b) to 20-years of satellite-derived ocean colour observations in the northern and central Red Sea, and investigate interannual variability in phenology metrics for large phytoplankton (>2 µm in cell diameter). Large phytoplankton consistently bloom in the winter. However, the timing of bloom initiation and termination (in autumn and spring, respectively) varies between years. In the autumn/winter of 2002/2003, we detected a phytoplankton bloom, which initiated ~8 weeks earlier and lasted ~11 weeks longer than average. The event was linked with an eddy dipole in the central Red Sea, which increased nutrient availability and enhanced the growth of large phytoplankton. The earlier timing of food availability directly impacted the recruitment success of higher trophic levels, as represented by the maximum catch of two commercially important fisheries (Sardinella spp. and Teuthida) in the following year. The results of our analysis are essential for understanding trophic linkages between phytoplankton and fisheries and for marine management strategies in the Red Sea.
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Pierangelini M, Thiry M, Cardol P. Different levels of energetic coupling between photosynthesis and respiration do not determine the occurrence of adaptive responses of Symbiodiniaceae to global warming. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:855-868. [PMID: 32535971 PMCID: PMC7590187 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Disentangling the metabolic functioning of corals' endosymbionts (Symbiodiniaceae) is relevant to understanding the response of coral reefs to warming oceans. In this work, we first question whether there is an energetic coupling between photosynthesis and respiration in Symbiodiniaceae (Symbiodinium, Durusdinium and Effrenium), and second, how different levels of energetic coupling will affect their adaptive responses to global warming. Coupling between photosynthesis and respiration was established by determining the variation of metabolic rates during thermal response curves, and how inhibition of respiration affects photosynthesis. Adaptive (irreversible) responses were studied by exposing two Symbiodinium species with different levels of photosynthesis-respiration interaction to high temperature conditions (32°C) for 1 yr. We found that some Symbiodiniaceae have a high level of energetic coupling; that is, photosynthesis and respiration have the same temperature dependency, and photosynthesis is negatively affected when respiration is inhibited. Conversely, photosynthesis and respiration are not coupled in other species. In any case, prolonged exposure to high temperature caused adjustments in both photosynthesis and respiration, but these changes were fully reversible. We conclude that energetic coupling between photosynthesis and respiration exhibits wide variation amongst Symbiodiniaceae and does not determine the occurrence of adaptive responses in Symbiodiniaceae to temperature increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Pierangelini
- Génétique et Physiologie des MicroalguesInBioS/PhytosystemsInstitut de BotaniqueUniversité de LiègeB22Liège4000Belgium
| | - Marc Thiry
- Unit of Cell BiologyGIGA‐NeurosciencesCHU Sart‐TilmanUniversity of LiègeLiègeB36, 4000Belgium
| | - Pierre Cardol
- Génétique et Physiologie des MicroalguesInBioS/PhytosystemsInstitut de BotaniqueUniversité de LiègeB22Liège4000Belgium
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25
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Jin P, Gonzàlez G, Agustí S. Long-term exposure to increasing temperature can offset predicted losses in marine food quality (fatty acids) caused by ocean warming. Evol Appl 2020; 13:2497-2506. [PMID: 33005237 PMCID: PMC7513733 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine phytoplankton produce essential fatty acids (FA), which are key component of a healthy diet in humans and marine food webs. Increased temperatures can reduce lipid and FA content in phytoplankton; thus, ocean warming poses a risk for the global production of these essential FA. However, responses to warming may differ between phytoplankton species especially after long-term exposure because phenotypic plasticity, de novo mutations, or genetic evolution may occur. Here, we examine the content of FA and lipids in phytoplankton following long-term selection (~2 years) to warming conditions (+4°C), and we observe that FA and lipids content were partly or entirely recovered following long-term exposure to warming conditions. Furthermore, this observed long-term response also offset the predicted losses of some essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in three of the four species tested. Our study suggests that long-term exposure of phytoplankton to warming may help to maintain marine food quality in a moderately warming ocean. The responses of FA to increasing temperatures may vary among species, and the level of this idiosyncrasy remains to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jin
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Guangzhou University Guangzhou China
| | - Gala Gonzàlez
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia
| | - Susana Agustí
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia
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26
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Flynn KJ, Skibinski DOF. Exploring evolution of maximum growth rates in plankton. JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH 2020; 42:497-513. [PMID: 32939154 PMCID: PMC7484936 DOI: 10.1093/plankt/fbaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Evolution has direct and indirect consequences on species-species interactions and the environment. However, Earth systems models describing planktonic activity invariably fail to explicitly consider organism evolution. Here we simulate the evolution of the single most important physiological characteristic of any organism as described in models-its maximum growth rate (μm). Using a low-computational-cost approach, we incorporate the evolution of μm for each of the plankton components in a simple Nutrient-Phytoplankton-Zooplankton -style model such that the fitness advantages and disadvantages in possessing a high μm evolve to become balanced. The model allows an exploration of parameter ranges leading to stresses, which drive the evolution of μm. In applications of the method we show that simulations of climate change give very different projections when the evolution of μm is considered. Thus, production may decline as evolution reshapes growth and trophic dynamics. Additionally, predictions of extinction of species may be overstated in simulations lacking evolution as the ability to evolve under changing environmental conditions supports evolutionary rescue. The model explains why organisms evolved for mature ecosystems (e.g. temperate summer, reliant on local nutrient recycling or mixotrophy), express lower maximum growth rates than do organisms evolved for immature ecosystems (e.g. temperate spring, high resource availability).
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Weber de Melo V, Lowe R, Hurd PJ, Petchey OL. Phenotypic responses to temperature in the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:7616-7626. [PMID: 32760552 PMCID: PMC7391332 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the effects of temperature on ecological and evolutionary processes is crucial for generating future climate adaptation scenarios. Using experimental evolution, we evolved the model ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila in an initially novel high temperature environment for more than 35 generations, closely monitoring population dynamics and morphological changes. We observed initially long lag phases in the high temperature environment that over about 26 generations reduced to no lag phase, a strong reduction in cell size and modifications in cell shape at high temperature. When exposing the adapted populations to their original temperature, most phenotypic traits returned to the observed levels in the ancestral populations, indicating phenotypic plasticity is an important component of this species thermal stress response. However, persistent changes in cell size were detected, indicating possible costs related to the adaptation process. Exploring the molecular basis of thermal adaptation will help clarify the mechanisms driving these phenotypic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Weber de Melo
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Robert Lowe
- The Blizard InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Paul J. Hurd
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Owen L. Petchey
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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28
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Rizzuto S, Thrane JE, Baho DL, Jones KC, Zhang H, Hessen DO, Nizzetto L, Leu E. Water Browning Controls Adaptation and Associated Trade-Offs in Phytoplankton Stressed by Chemical Pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:5569-5579. [PMID: 32292033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The acquisition of tolerance to an environmental stressor can result in organisms displaying slower growth after stress release. While well-grounded in the theory, empirical evidence of the trade-off between stress tolerance and organism fitness is scarce and blurred by the interaction with different environmental factors. Here, we report the effects of water browning on the responses, tolerance acquisition, and associated trade-offs in a population of microalgae exposed to sublethal concentrations of organic micropollutants over multiple generations. Our results show that dissolved organic matter (DOM) reduces toxic responses and modulates tolerance acquisition by the algae, possibly by complexing micropollutants. Microalgae that acquire tolerance allocate resources to fitness at the cost of reduced cell size. They yield higher productivity than nonadapted ones when grown in the presence of micropollutants but lower in their absence. The net trade-off was positive, indicating that adaptation can result in a higher productivity and fitness in tolerant species in recurrently stressed environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Rizzuto
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, U.K
| | - Jan-Erik Thrane
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Didier L Baho
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7050, SE-750-07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kevin C Jones
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, U.K
| | - Hao Zhang
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, U.K
| | - Dag O Hessen
- Section for Aquatic Biology and Ecotoxicology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
- Center of Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene (CAB), University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Luca Nizzetto
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Leu
- Akvaplan-niva, CIENS, Science Park, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
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Wesselmann M, Anton A, Duarte CM, Hendriks IE, Agustí S, Savva I, Apostolaki ET, Marbà N. Tropical seagrass Halophila stipulacea shifts thermal tolerance during Mediterranean invasion. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20193001. [PMID: 32156215 PMCID: PMC7126082 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.3001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exotic species often face new environmental conditions that are different from those that they are adapted to. The tropical seagrass Halophila stipulacea is a Lessepsian migrant that colonized the Mediterranean Sea around 100 years ago, where at present the minimum seawater temperature is cooler than in its native range in the Red Sea. Here, we tested if the temperature range in which H. stipulacea can exist is conserved within the species or if the exotic populations have shifted their thermal breadth and optimum due to the cooler conditions in the Mediterranean. We did so by comparing the thermal niche (e.g. optimal temperatures, and upper and lower thermal limits) of native (Saudi Arabia in the Red Sea) and exotic (Greece and Cyprus in the Mediterranean Sea) populations of H. stipulacea. We exposed plants to 12 temperature treatments ranging from 8 to 40°C for 7 days. At the end of the incubation period, we measured survival, rhizome elongation, shoot recruitment, net population growth and metabolic rates. Upper and lower lethal thermal thresholds (indicated by 50% plant mortality) were conserved across populations, but minimum and optimal temperatures for growth and oxygen production were lower for Mediterranean populations than for the Red Sea one. The displacement of the thermal niche of exotic populations towards the colder Mediterranean Sea regime could have occurred within 175 clonal generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Wesselmann
- Global Change Research Group, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, Miquel Marquès 21, 07190, Esporles, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Andrea Anton
- Red Sea Research Centre (RSRC) and Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlos M. Duarte
- Red Sea Research Centre (RSRC) and Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iris E. Hendriks
- Global Change Research Group, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, Miquel Marquès 21, 07190, Esporles, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Susana Agustí
- Red Sea Research Centre (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ioannis Savva
- Marine and Environmental Research (MER) Lab, Limassol 4533, Cyprus
| | - Eugenia T. Apostolaki
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, PO Box 2214, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Núria Marbà
- Global Change Research Group, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, Miquel Marquès 21, 07190, Esporles, Illes Balears, Spain
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Zeng X, Jin P, Jiang Y, Yang H, Zhong J, Liang Z, Guo Y, Li P, Huang Q, Pan J, Lu H, Wei Y, Zou D, Xia J. Light alters the responses of two marine diatoms to increased warming. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 154:104871. [PMID: 31928985 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the effects of increased temperature (15, 20 and 25 °C) and different light levels (50, 200 μmol photons m-2 s-1) on two widely distributed diatoms, namely Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Thalassiosira weissflogii. Results showed that increasing light level counteracted the negative effects of high temperature on photosynthesis in both species, suggesting an antagonistic interaction between light and temperature. Contrary to the above results, light limitation diminished the temperature-sensitivity of carbonic anhydrase activity in two diatoms. We also observed species-specific responses of biomass, where increased temperature significantly decreased the biomass of P. tricornutum at both low and high light levels but showed no effects on T. weissflogii. Our study demonstrated that light can alter the physiological responses of diatoms to temperature but also revealed interspecific variations. We predict that in the future ocean with shallower upper mixed layer, T. weissflogii may be more competitive than P. tricornutum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Zeng
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Peng Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yingying Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haimei Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiahui Zhong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhe Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yingyan Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Peiyuan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Quanting Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jinmei Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hua Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanyun Wei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dinghui Zou
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jianrong Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Ocean warming compresses the three-dimensional habitat of marine life. Nat Ecol Evol 2019; 4:109-114. [PMID: 31900450 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-019-1058-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Vertical migration to reach cooler waters is a suitable strategy for some marine organisms to adapt to ocean warming. Here, we calculate that realized vertical isotherm migration rates averaged -6.6 + 18.8 m dec-1 across the global ocean between 1980 and 2015. Throughout this century (2006-2100), surface isotherms are projected to deepen at an increasing rate across the globe, averaging -32.3 m dec-1 under the representative concentration pathway (RCP)8.5 'business as usual' emissions scenario, and -18.7 m dec-1 under the more moderate RCP4.5 scenario. The vertical redistribution required by organisms to follow surface isotherms over this century is three to four orders of magnitude less than the equivalent horizontal redistribution distance. However, the seafloor depth and the depth of the photic layer pose ultimate limits to the vertical migration possible by species. Both limits will be reached by the end of this century across much of the ocean, leading to a rapid global compression of the three-dimensional (3D) habitat of many marine organisms. Phytoplankton diversity may be maintained but displaced toward the base of the photic layer, whereas highly productive benthic habitats, especially corals, will have their suitable 3D habitat rapidly reduced.
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