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Holmen M, Giskeødegård GF, Moholdt T. High-intensity exercise increases breast milk adiponectin concentrations: a randomised cross-over study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1275508. [PMID: 38164413 PMCID: PMC10757973 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1275508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adiponectin plays a role in glucose and fat metabolism and is present in human breast milk. It has been postulated that higher breast milk adiponectin concentrations may prevent rapid weight gain in infancy. Prior research indicates that circulating adiponectin increases acutely after endurance exercise, but no prior research has investigated the effect of exercise on breast milk adiponectin concentrations. The purpose of this randomised, cross-over study was to determine the acute effects of endurance exercise on adiponectin concentrations in human breast milk. Methods Participants who were exclusively breastfeeding a 6-12 week-old term infant (N = 20) completed three conditions in the laboratory: (1) Moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), (2) High-intensity interval training (HIIT), and (3) No activity (REST). At each condition, we collected breast milk at 07:00 h (before exercise/rest), 11:00 h (immediately after exercise/rest), 12:00 h (1 h after exercise/rest), and 15:00 h (4 h after exercise/rest) and determined adiponectin concentrations using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We compared changes in adiponectin concentrations after MICT and HIIT, adjusted for the morning concentration on each test day, with those after REST, using paired t-tests. Results Adiponectin concentrations increased 1 h after HIIT, from 4.6 (± 2.2) μg/L in the 07:00 h sample to 5.6 (± 2.6) μg/L. This change was 0.9 μg/L (95% confidence interval 0.3 to 1.5) greater than the change between these two timepoints in the REST condition (p = 0.025). There were no other statistically significant changes in adiponectin concentrations. Conclusion HIIT may increase adiponectin concentrations in breast milk acutely after exercise. Further studies should determine the impact of exercise-induced elevations in breast milk adiponectin concentrations on growth and metabolism in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Holmen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Guro F. Giskeødegård
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trine Moholdt
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Women’s Clinic, St.Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Huber K, Szerenos E, Lewandowski D, Toczylowski K, Sulik A. The Role of Adipokines in the Pathologies of the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14684. [PMID: 37834128 PMCID: PMC10572192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipokines are protein hormones secreted by adipose tissue in response to disruptions in physiological homeostasis within the body's systems. The regulatory functions of adipokines within the central nervous system (CNS) are multifaceted and intricate, and they have been identified in a number of pathologies. Therefore, specific adipokines have the potential to be used as biomarkers for screening purposes in neurological dysfunctions. The systematic review presented herein focuses on the analysis of the functions of various adipokines in the pathogenesis of CNS diseases. Thirteen proteins were selected for analysis through scientific databases. It was found that these proteins can be identified within the cerebrospinal fluid either by their ability to modify their molecular complex and cross the blood-brain barrier or by being endogenously produced within the CNS itself. As a result, this can correlate with their measurability during pathological processes, including Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, depression, or brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kacper Toczylowski
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
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3
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Schön M, Marček Malenovská K, Nemec M, Alchus Laiferová N, Straka I, Košutzká Z, Matejička P, Valkovič P, Ukropec J, Ukropcová B. Acute endurance exercise modulates growth differentiation factor 11 in cerebrospinal fluid of healthy young adults. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1137048. [PMID: 37033257 PMCID: PMC10073538 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1137048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Strong evidence supports the benefits of exercise for healthy ageing, including reduced risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies suggested interorgan crosstalk as a key element of systemic adaptive response, however, the role of specific molecules in mediating exercise effects on the human brain are not fully understood. In the present study, we explored the exercise-related regulation of Growth Differentiation Factor 11 (GDF11) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. METHODS The samples of serum, plasma and CSF were obtained before and 60min after acute exercise (90min run) from twenty healthy young individuals. Additional serum and plasma samples were collected immediately after run. GDF11 protein content (immunoblotting), body composition (bioelectrical impedance), physical fitness (VO2max, cycle spiroergometry) and cognitive functions (standardized computerized tests, Cogstate) were evaluated. RESULTS Running decreased GDF11 protein content in CSF (-20.6%. p=0.046), while GDF11 in plasma and serum were not regulated. Two GDF11-specific antibodies of different origin were used to corroborate this result. Individuals with higher physical fitness displayed greater exercise-induced decrease of GDF11 in CSF than those with lower physical fitness (p=0.025). VO2max correlated positively with GDF11 in serum (r=0.63, p=0.020) as well as with the exercise-induced change in GDF11 levels in CSF (r=0.59, p=0.042). Indirect measure of blood-brain barrier permeability (i.e. CSF/serum albumin ratio) tended to positively correlate with CSF/serum GDF11 ratio (p=0.060). CSF levels of GDF11 correlated positively with cognitive functions, including working memory, both before and after run (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Running-induced down-regulation of the GDF11 protein in the cerebrospinal fluid of healthy young individuals indicates the potential role of GDF11 in the exercise-induced cross-talk between periphery and the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schön
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Karin Marček Malenovská
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Nemec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Nikoleta Alchus Laiferová
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Igor Straka
- 2 Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Košutzká
- 2 Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Matejička
- 2 Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Valkovič
- 2 Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbara Ukropcová
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- *Correspondence: Barbara Ukropcová,
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4
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Li K, Schön M, Naviaux JC, Monk JM, Alchus-Laiferová N, Wang L, Straka I, Matejička P, Valkovič P, Ukropec J, Tarnopolsky MA, Naviaux RK, Ukropcová B. Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma metabolomics of acute endurance exercise. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22408. [PMID: 35713567 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200509r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics has emerged as a powerful new tool in precision medicine. No studies have yet been published on the metabolomic changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) produced by acute endurance exercise. CSF and plasma were collected from 19 young active adults (13 males and 6 females) before and 60 min after a 90-min monitored outdoor run. The median age, BMI, and VO2 max of subjects was 25 years (IQR 22-31), 23.2 kg/m2 (IQR 21.7-24.5), and 47 ml/kg/min (IQR 38-51), respectively. Targeted, broad-spectrum metabolomics was performed by liquid chromatography, tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In the CSF, purines and pyrimidines accounted for 32% of the metabolic impact after acute endurance exercise. Branch chain amino acids, amino acid neurotransmitters, fatty acid oxidation, phospholipids, and Krebs cycle metabolites traceable to mitochondrial function accounted for another 52% of the changes. A narrow but important channel of metabolic communication was identified between the brain and body by correlation network analysis. By comparing these results to previous work in experimental animal models, we found that over 80% of the changes in the CSF correlated with a cascade of mitochondrial and metabolic changes produced by ATP signaling. ATP is released as a co-neurotransmitter and neuromodulator at every synapse studied to date. By regulating brain mitochondrial function, ATP release was identified as an early step in the kinetic cascade of layered benefits produced by endurance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefeng Li
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Martin Schön
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jane C Naviaux
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jonathan M Monk
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Nikoleta Alchus-Laiferová
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lin Wang
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Igor Straka
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Matejička
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Valkovič
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert K Naviaux
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Barbara Ukropcová
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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5
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Chow LS, Gerszten RE, Taylor JM, Pedersen BK, van Praag H, Trappe S, Febbraio MA, Galis ZS, Gao Y, Haus JM, Lanza IR, Lavie CJ, Lee CH, Lucia A, Moro C, Pandey A, Robbins JM, Stanford KI, Thackray AE, Villeda S, Watt MJ, Xia A, Zierath JR, Goodpaster BH, Snyder MP. Exerkines in health, resilience and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:273-289. [PMID: 35304603 PMCID: PMC9554896 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00641-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 131.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The health benefits of exercise are well-recognized and are observed across multiple organ systems. These beneficial effects enhance overall resilience, healthspan and longevity. The molecular mechanisms that underlie the beneficial effects of exercise, however, remain poorly understood. Since the discovery in 2000 that muscle contraction releases IL-6, the number of exercise-associated signalling molecules that have been identified has multiplied. Exerkines are defined as signalling moieties released in response to acute and/or chronic exercise, which exert their effects through endocrine, paracrine and/or autocrine pathways. A multitude of organs, cells and tissues release these factors, including skeletal muscle (myokines), the heart (cardiokines), liver (hepatokines), white adipose tissue (adipokines), brown adipose tissue (baptokines) and neurons (neurokines). Exerkines have potential roles in improving cardiovascular, metabolic, immune and neurological health. As such, exerkines have potential for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, and possibly in the facilitation of healthy ageing. This Review summarizes the importance and current state of exerkine research, prevailing challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S Chow
- Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joan M Taylor
- Department of Pathology, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bente K Pedersen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism/Centre for PA Research (CIM/CFAS), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henriette van Praag
- Stiles-Nicholson Brain institute and Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Scott Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - Mark A Febbraio
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zorina S Galis
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yunling Gao
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jacob M Haus
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ian R Lanza
- Division of Endocrinology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-the University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Chih-Hao Lee
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cedric Moro
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Team MetaDiab, Inserm UMR1297, Toulouse, France
- Toulouse III University-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Ambarish Pandey
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeremy M Robbins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alice E Thackray
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Saul Villeda
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J Watt
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashley Xia
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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6
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Formolo DA, Cheng T, Yu J, Kranz GS, Yau SY. Central Adiponectin Signaling – A Metabolic Regulator in Support of Brain Plasticity. Brain Plast 2022; 8:79-96. [DOI: 10.3233/bpl-220138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain plasticity and metabolism are tightly connected by a constant influx of peripheral glucose to the central nervous system in order to meet the high metabolic demands imposed by neuronal activity. Metabolic disturbances highly affect neuronal plasticity, which underlies the prevalent comorbidity between metabolic disorders, cognitive impairment, and mood dysfunction. Effective pro-cognitive and neuropsychiatric interventions, therefore, should consider the metabolic aspect of brain plasticity to achieve high effectiveness. The adipocyte-secreted hormone, adiponectin, is a metabolic regulator that crosses the blood-brain barrier and modulates neuronal activity in several brain regions, where it exerts neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties. Moreover, adiponectin has been shown to improve neuronal metabolism in different animal models, including obesity, diabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we aim at linking the adiponectin’s neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties with its main role as a metabolic regulator and to summarize the possible mechanisms of action on improving brain plasticity via its role in regulating the intracellular energetic activity. Such properties suggest adiponectin signaling as a potential target to counteract the central metabolic disturbances and impaired neuronal plasticity underlying many neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A. Formolo
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
- Mental Health Research Center (MHRC), Hong Kong Polytechnic University3Institute of future foods
- Research Institute for Smart Ageing (RISA), Hong Kong Polytechnic University
| | - Tong Cheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
- Mental Health Research Center (MHRC), Hong Kong Polytechnic University3Institute of future foods
- Research Institute for Smart Ageing (RISA), Hong Kong Polytechnic University
| | - Jiasui Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
- Mental Health Research Center (MHRC), Hong Kong Polytechnic University3Institute of future foods
- Research Institute for Smart Ageing (RISA), Hong Kong Polytechnic University
| | - Georg S. Kranz
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Suk-Yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
- Mental Health Research Center (MHRC), Hong Kong Polytechnic University3Institute of future foods
- Research Institute for Smart Ageing (RISA), Hong Kong Polytechnic University
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7
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Amiri A, Chovanec M, Oliva V, Sedliak M, Mego M, Ukropec J, Ukropcová B. Chemotherapy-induced toxicity in patients with testicular germ cell tumors: The impact of physical fitness and regular exercise. Andrology 2021; 9:1879-1892. [PMID: 34245663 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) represent ∼95% of testicular malignancies and are the most common type of malignancy in young male adults. While the incidence of TGCTs has increased during the last decades, the advances in treatment, namely introducing cisplatin into the chemotherapy regimen, have made TGCTs highly curable with the 10-year survival rate exceeding 95%. However, in parallel with increased cure rates, survivors may experience acute and late adverse effects of treatment, which increase morbidity, reduce the quality of life, and can be potentially life-threatening. Chemotherapy-related toxicities include cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, secondary cancer, avascular necrosis, cognitive impairment, cancer-related fatigue, poor mental health-related quality of life, nephrotoxicity, hypogonadism, neurotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, anxiety, and depression. These treatment-related adverse effects have emerged as important survivorship dilemmas in TGCT cancer survivors. Recently, regular physical exercise has increasingly attracted research and clinical attention as an adjunct therapy for cancer patients. PURPOSE Herein, we review the most common chemotherapy-related adverse effects in TGCT survivors and clinical relevance of exercise and increased cardio-respiratory fitness in modulating chemotherapy-related toxicity and quality of life in this population. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Exercise has positive effects on a spectrum of physical and psychosocial outcomes during and after cancer treatment, and current guidelines on exercise prescription in chronic diseases define the recommended dose (volume and intensity) of regular exercise for cancer survivors, highlighting regular, sufficiently intensive physical activity as an essential part of patients' care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Amiri
- Department of Metabolic Disease Research & Center of Physical Activity Research, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Chovanec
- 2nd, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Viktor Oliva
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Milan Sedliak
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Mego
- 2nd, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Department of Metabolic Disease Research & Center of Physical Activity Research, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbara Ukropcová
- Department of Metabolic Disease Research & Center of Physical Activity Research, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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8
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Ziarniak K, Dudek M, Matuszewska J, Bijoch Ł, Skrzypski M, Celichowski J, Sliwowska JH. Two weeks of moderate intensity locomotor training increased corticosterone concentrations but did not alter the number of adropin-immunoreactive cells in the hippocampus of diabetic type 2 and control rats. Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151751. [PMID: 34229193 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Adropin (ADR) plays a role in metabolism regulation and its alterations in obesity and diabetes have been found. Treatment with ADR was beneficial in metabolic diseases, and physical exercise increased ADR concentrations in obese patients. However, data on the distribution of ADR in the brain are sparse. The role of metabolic status and physical exercise on its expression in the brain is undiscovered. We hypothesized that diabetes type 2 (DM2) and/or exercise will alter number of ADR-immunoractive (-ir) cells in the rat brain. Animals were divided into groups: diabetes type 2 (receiving high-fat diet and injections of streptozotocin) and control (fed laboratory chow diet; C). Rats were further divided into: running group (2 weeks of forced exercise on a treadmill) and non-running group. Body mass, metabolic and hormonal profiles were assessed. Immunohistochemistry was run to study ADR-ir cells in the brain. We found that: 1) in DM2 animals, running decreased insulin and increased glucose concentrations; 2) in C rats, running decreased insulin concentrations and had no effect on glucose concentration in blood; 3) running increased corticosterone (CORT) concentrations in DM2 and C rats; 4) ADR-ir cells were detected in the hippocampus and ADR-ir fibers in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, which is a novel location; 5) metabolic status and running, however, did not change number of these cells. We concluded that 2 weeks of forced moderate intensity locomotor training induced stress response present as increased concentration of CORT and did not influence number of ADR-ir cells in the brain.
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9
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Signoriello E, Mallardo M, Nigro E, Polito R, Casertano S, Di Pietro A, Coletta M, Monaco ML, Rossi F, Lus G, Daniele A. Adiponectin in Cerebrospinal Fluid from Patients Affected by Multiple Sclerosis Is Correlated with the Progression and Severity of Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2663-2670. [PMID: 33486671 PMCID: PMC8128828 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02287-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin exerts relevant actions in immunity and is modulated in several disorders, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, we characterized adiponectin expression and profiles in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from MS patients to investigate its potential relationship with the severity and progression of the disease. Total adiponectin in CSF was measured by ELISA in 66 unrelated CSF MS patients and compared with 24 age- and sex-matched controls. Adiponectin oligomer profiles were analysed by Western blotting and FPLC chromatography. Total CSF adiponectin was significantly increased in MS patients compared with controls (9.91 ng/mL vs 6.02 ng/mL) (p < 0.001). Interestingly, CSF adiponectin positively correlated with CSF IgG, and CSF/serum albumin directly correlated with CSF/serum adiponectin. Our data demonstrated that CSF adiponectin predicts a worse prognosis: patients with the progressive form of MS had higher levels compared with the relapsing remitting form; patients with higher EDSS at baseline and a higher MS severity score at 4.5-year follow-up had significantly elevated adiponectin levels with respect to patients with a less severe phenotype. Finally, the adiponectin oligomerization profile was altered in CSF from MS patients, with a significant increase in HMW and MMW. The correlation of CSF adiponectin with the severity and prognosis of MS disease confirmed the role of this adipokine in the inflammatory/immune processes of MS and suggested its use as a complementary tool to assess the severity, progression and prognosis of the disease. Further studies on larger MS cohorts are needed to clarify the contribution of adiponectin to the etiopathogenesis of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Signoriello
- Centro di Sclerosi Multipla, II Clinica Neurologica, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Marta Mallardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania, "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via G. Vivaldi 42, 81100, Caserta, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Ersilia Nigro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania, "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via G. Vivaldi 42, 81100, Caserta, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Polito
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", via Pansini 5, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Casertano
- Centro di Sclerosi Multipla, II Clinica Neurologica, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Pietro
- Centro di Sclerosi Multipla, II Clinica Neurologica, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Marcella Coletta
- Centro di Sclerosi Multipla, II Clinica Neurologica, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Fabiana Rossi
- Centro di Sclerosi Multipla, II Clinica Neurologica, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lus
- Centro di Sclerosi Multipla, II Clinica Neurologica, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Aurora Daniele
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania, "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via G. Vivaldi 42, 81100, Caserta, Italy.
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy.
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10
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Caicedo A, Zambrano K, Sanon S, Gavilanes AWD. Extracellular mitochondria in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): Potential types and key roles in central nervous system (CNS) physiology and pathogenesis. Mitochondrion 2021; 58:255-269. [PMID: 33662579 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has an important role in the transport of nutrients and signaling molecules to the central nervous and immune systems through its circulation along the brain and spinal cord tissues. The mitochondrial activity in the central nervous system (CNS) is essential in processes such as neuroplasticity, neural differentiation and production of neurotransmitters. Interestingly, extracellular and active mitochondria have been detected in the CSF where they act as a biomarker for the outcome of pathologies such as subarachnoid hemorrhage and delayed cerebral ischemia. Additionally, cell-free-circulating mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) has been detected in both the CSF of healthy donors and in that of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Key questions arise as there is still much debate regarding if ccf-mtDNA detected in CSF is associated with a diversity of active or inactive extracellular mitochondria coexisting in distinct pathologies. Additionally, it is of great scientific and medical importance to identify the role of extracellular mitochondria (active and inactive) in the CSF and the difference between them being damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) or factors that promote homeostasis. This review analyzes the different types of extracellular mitochondria, methods for their identification and their presence in CSF. Extracellular mitochondria in the CSF could have an important implication in health and disease, which may lead to the development of medical approaches that utilize mitochondria as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Caicedo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Sistemas Médicos SIME, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Kevin Zambrano
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Serena Sanon
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Antonio W D Gavilanes
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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11
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Lee TH, Christie BR, van Praag H, Lin K, Siu PMF, Xu A, So KF, Yau SY. AdipoRon Treatment Induces a Dose-Dependent Response in Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2068. [PMID: 33669795 PMCID: PMC7922380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AdipoRon, an adiponectin receptor agonist, elicits similar antidiabetic, anti-atherogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects on mouse models as adiponectin does. Since AdipoRon can cross the blood-brain barrier, its chronic effects on regulating hippocampal function are yet to be examined. This study investigated whether AdipoRon treatment promotes hippocampal neurogenesis and spatial recognition memory in a dose-dependent manner. Adolescent male C57BL/6J mice received continuous treatment of either 20 mg/kg (low dose) or 50 mg/kg (high dose) AdipoRon or vehicle intraperitoneally for 14 days, followed by the open field test to examine anxiety and locomotor activity, and the Y maze test to examine hippocampal-dependent spatial recognition memory. Immunopositive cell markers of neural progenitor cells, immature neurons, and newborn cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus were quantified. Immunosorbent assays were used to measure the serum levels of factors that can regulate hippocampal neurogenesis, including adiponectin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and corticosterone. Our results showed that 20 mg/kg AdipoRon treatment significantly promoted hippocampal cell proliferation and increased serum levels of adiponectin and BDNF, though there were no effects on spatial recognition memory and locomotor activity. On the contrary, 50 mg/kg AdipoRon treatment impaired spatial recognition memory, suppressed cell proliferation, neuronal differentiation, and cell survival associated with reduced serum levels of BDNF and adiponectin. The results suggest that a low-dose AdipoRon treatment promotes hippocampal cell proliferation, while a high-dose AdipoRon treatment is detrimental to the hippocampus function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H. Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong;
| | - Brian R. Christie
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada;
| | - Henriette van Praag
- FAU Brain Institute and Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33431, USA;
| | - Kangguang Lin
- Department of Affective Disorder, Guangzhou Brain Hospital, The Brain Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510370, China;
| | - Parco Ming-Fai Siu
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmacology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Suk-yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong;
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12
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Isung J, Granqvist M, Trepci A, Huang J, Schwieler L, Kierkegaard M, Erhardt S, Jokinen J, Piehl F. Differential effects on blood and cerebrospinal fluid immune protein markers and kynurenine pathway metabolites from aerobic physical exercise in healthy subjects. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1669. [PMID: 33462306 PMCID: PMC7814004 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81306-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence shows that physical exercise modulates systemic inflammation. However, its effect on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune-marker profiles in man are largely unknown. We here report a study on healthy subjects (n = 27, males = 12, mean age 28.7, range 22-52) allocated to either an acute exercise setting over four consecutive days, or a training intervention over 4 weeks. Paired plasma and CSF samples collected at baseline, after 7 days of exercise abstention, and the day after completion of the exercise interventions, were analyzed for protein inflammation markers using a multiplex proximity extension assay and neurotransmitters and kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolites using liquid chromatography, respectively. Routine cell counts, and albumin, immunoglobulin G and neurofilament light chain concentrations in CSF remained unchanged in both paradigms, while several inflammatory proteins became upregulated after acute exercise. However, only changes in three CSF (vascular endothelial growth factor-A, interleukin-7 and matrix metalloproteinase-10) and 12 plasma proteins reached significance levels after adjustment for multiple comparisons and exclusion of less stable proteins. Similarly, KP metabolites only changed among participants after acute exercise, while neurotransmitter levels, except for increased CSF serine, remained stable. Both in plasma and CSF changes in KP metabolites and inflammatory proteins correlated, suggesting that these processes are functionally linked. These findings suggest that acute aerobic physical exercise affects immune markers and KP metabolites systemically and in the CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Isung
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mathias Granqvist
- Division of Physiotherapy, Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Academic Specialist Center, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ada Trepci
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesse Huang
- Division of Physiotherapy, Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Academic Specialist Center, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lilly Schwieler
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Kierkegaard
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Academic Specialist Center, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sophie Erhardt
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jussi Jokinen
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Piehl
- Division of Physiotherapy, Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Academic Specialist Center, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Jakus T, Jurdana M, Žiberna L, Pražnikar ZJ. Acute moderate-intensity exercise increases total antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory responses in competitive cyclists: The role of adiponectin. EUR J INFLAMM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/2058739221998890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High-intensity exercise can elicit acute changes in the biochemical and physiological processes in the body of an athlete, including increased oxidative stress and inflammation. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of acute moderate-intensity exercise on total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and serum levels of anti-inflammatory adiponectin (APN), and inflammatory markers in competitive cyclists. Ten male cyclists (age 15–26 years, body mass index 19.4–24.7 kg/m2) participated in this study. Each subject performed the maximal oxygen uptake test (VO2peak) and completed a 10-min cycling exercise at a workload of 50% of the peak of VO2peak. Blood samples were collected on three different occasions: after an overnight fasting and at the exercise workloads of 50% and 100% VO2peak. We measured APN, TAC, inflammatory markers as well as assessed nutrient and energy intake for each participant. Baseline concentration of serum APN (10.92 µg/mL) significantly increased at 50% and at 100% VO2peak. In addition, TAC also increased after acute exercise (0.079 vs 0.093 nmol/µL). The concentration of APN at 50% VO2peak positively correlated with the CRP ( r = 0.640, p = 0.046) and negatively correlated with TNF-α ( r = −0.696, p = 0.025). This test showed that short (10 min) and medium-intensity (50% VO2peak) exercise activity in trained athletes evoked beneficial antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses. Importantly, this response correlates with the increase in APN levels thereby showing that highly trained individuals have beneficial responses originating from adipose tissue. Our observations show that a short training at moderate activity can be an important preservative strategy during the recovery training period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeja Jakus
- University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Mihaela Jurdana
- University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Lovro Žiberna
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Zala J Pražnikar
- University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia
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14
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Simões e Silva AC, Lanza K, Palmeira VA, Costa LB, Flynn JT. 2020 update on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in pediatric kidney disease and its interactions with coronavirus. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:1407-1426. [PMID: 32995920 PMCID: PMC7524035 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-020-04759-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The last decade was crucial for our understanding of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) as a two-axis, counter-regulatory system, divided into the classical axis, formed by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II (Ang II), and the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R), and the alternative axis comprising angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)), and the Mas receptor. Breakthrough discoveries also took place, with other RAAS endopeptides being described, including alamandine and angiotensin A. In this review, we characterize the two RAAS axes and the role of their components in pediatric kidney diseases, including childhood hypertension (HTN), pediatric glomerular diseases, congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT), and chronic kidney disease (CKD). We also present recent findings on potential interactions between the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, and components of the RAAS, as well as potential implications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for pediatric kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Simões e Silva
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Alfredo Balena, 190, 2nd floor, Room # 281, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130-100 Brazil ,grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Katharina Lanza
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Alfredo Balena, 190, 2nd floor, Room # 281, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130-100 Brazil
| | - Vitória Andrade Palmeira
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Alfredo Balena, 190, 2nd floor, Room # 281, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130-100 Brazil
| | - Larissa Braga Costa
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Alfredo Balena, 190, 2nd floor, Room # 281, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130-100 Brazil
| | - Joseph T. Flynn
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Pediatric Nephrology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98105 USA
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15
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Adiponectin and Cognitive Decline. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062010. [PMID: 32188008 PMCID: PMC7139651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin (ADPN) is a plasma protein secreted by adipose tissue showing pleiotropic effects with anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Initially, it was thought that the main role was only the metabolism control. Later, ADPN receptors were also found in the central nervous system (CNS). In fact, the receptors AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 are expressed in various areas of the brain, including the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and cortex. While AdipoR1 regulates insulin sensitivity through the activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, AdipoR2 stimulates the neural plasticity through the activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) pathway that inhibits inflammation and oxidative stress. Overall, based on its central and peripheral actions, ADPN appears to have neuroprotective effects by reducing inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (PCR), interleukin 6 (IL6), and Tumor Necrosis Factor a (TNFa). Conversely, high levels of inflammatory cascade factors appear to inhibit the production of ADPN, suggesting bidirectional modulation. In addition, ADPN appears to have insulin-sensitizing action. It is known that a reduction in insulin signaling is associated with cognitive impairment. Based on this, it is of great interest to investigate the mechanism of restoration of the insulin signal in the brain as an action of ADPN, because it is useful for testing a possible pharmacological treatment for the improvement of cognitive decline. Anyway, if ADPN regulates neuronal functioning and cognitive performances by the glycemic metabolic system remains poorly explored. Moreover, although the mechanism is still unclear, women compared to men have a doubled risk of developing cognitive decline. Several studies have also supported that during the menopausal transition, the estrogen reduction can adversely affect the brain, in particular, verbal memory and verbal fluency. During the postmenopausal period, in obese and insulin-resistant individuals, ADPN serum levels are significantly reduced. Our recent study has evaluated the relationship between plasma ADPN levels and cognitive performances in menopausal women. Thus, the aim of this review is to summarize both the mechanisms and the effects of ADPN in the central nervous system and the relationship between plasma ADPN levels and cognitive performances, also in menopausal women.
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16
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Castellazzi M, Morotti A, Tamborino C, Alessi F, Pilotto S, Baldi E, Caniatti LM, Trentini A, Casetta I, Granieri E, Pugliatti M, Fainardi E, Bellini T. Increased age and male sex are independently associated with higher frequency of blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier dysfunction using the albumin quotient. Fluids Barriers CNS 2020; 17:14. [PMID: 32024544 PMCID: PMC7003357 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-020-0173-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/serum quotient of albumin (QAlb) is the most used biomarker for the evaluation of blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier (B-CSF-B) permeability. For years QAlb was considered only as an age-related parameter but recently it has also been associated to sex. The aim of the present study was to explore the impact of sex in the determination of B-CSF-B dysfunction. Methods The analysis was retrospectively conducted on subjects consecutively admitted to the neurological ward. CSF and serum albumin levels were measured by immunonephelometry and pathological QAlb thresholds were considered: 6.5 under 40 years, 8.0 in the age 40–60 and 9.0 over 60 years. Results 1209 subjects were included in the study. 718 females and 491 males (age: 15–88 years): 24.6% of patients had a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, 23.2% suffered from other inflammatory neurological diseases, 24.6% were affected by non-inflammatory neurological diseases, and for 27.6% of patients the final neurological diagnosis could not be traced. Dysfunctional B-CSF-B was detected more frequently (44 vs. 20.1%, p < 0.0001) and median QAlb value were higher (7.18 vs. 4.87, p < 0.0001) in males than in females in the overall study population and in all disease subgroups. QAlb and age were positively correlated both in female (p < 0.0001) and male (p < 0.0001) patients, however the slopes of the two regression lines were not significantly different (p = 0.7149), while the difference between the elevations was extremely significant (p < 0.0001) with a gap of 2.2 units between the two sexes. Finally, in a multivariable linear regression analysis increased age and male sex were independently associated with higher QAlb in the overall study population (both p < 0.001) and after stratification by age and disease group. Conclusions Accordingly, identification and validation of sex-targeted QAlb thresholds should be considered as a novel tool in an effort to achieve more precision in the medical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Castellazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, Settore 1C3, 44124, Ferrara, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center for the Study of Multiple Sclerosis and Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases of the Nervous System, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Silvy Pilotto
- School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Baldi
- Interdepartmental Research Center for the Study of Multiple Sclerosis and Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases of the Nervous System, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luisa M Caniatti
- Interdepartmental Research Center for the Study of Multiple Sclerosis and Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases of the Nervous System, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Trentini
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, Settore 1C3, 44124, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Casetta
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, Settore 1C3, 44124, Ferrara, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center for the Study of Multiple Sclerosis and Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases of the Nervous System, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Enrico Granieri
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, Settore 1C3, 44124, Ferrara, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center for the Study of Multiple Sclerosis and Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases of the Nervous System, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maura Pugliatti
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, Settore 1C3, 44124, Ferrara, Italy. .,Interdepartmental Research Center for the Study of Multiple Sclerosis and Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases of the Nervous System, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Enrico Fainardi
- Interdepartmental Research Center for the Study of Multiple Sclerosis and Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases of the Nervous System, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bellini
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, Settore 1C3, 44124, Ferrara, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center for the Study of Multiple Sclerosis and Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases of the Nervous System, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,University Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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17
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Máderová D, Krumpolec P, Slobodová L, Schön M, Tirpáková V, Kovaničová Z, Klepochová R, Vajda M, Šutovský S, Cvečka J, Valkovič L, Turčáni P, Krššák M, Sedliak M, Tsai CL, Ukropcová B, Ukropec J. Acute and regular exercise distinctly modulate serum, plasma and skeletal muscle BDNF in the elderly. Neuropeptides 2019; 78:101961. [PMID: 31506171 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2019.101961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) participates in orchestrating the adaptive response to exercise. However, the importance of transient changes in circulating BDNF for eliciting whole-body and skeletal muscle exercise benefits in humans remains relatively unexplored. Here, we investigated effects of acute aerobic exercise and 3-month aerobic-strength training on serum, plasma and skeletal muscle BDNF in twenty-two sedentary older individuals (69.0 ± 8.0 yrs., 9 M/13F). BDNF response to acute exercise was additionally evaluated in young trained individuals (25.1 ± 2.1 yrs., 3 M/5F). Acute aerobic exercise transiently increased serum BDNF in sedentary (16%, p = .007) but not in trained elderly or young individuals. Resting serum or plasma BDNF was not regulated by exercise training in the elderly. However, subtle training-related changes of serum BDNF positively correlated with improvements in walking speed (R = 0.59, p = .005), muscle mass (R = 0.43, p = .04) and cognitive performance (R = 0.41, p = .05) and negatively with changes in body fat (R = -0.43, p = .04) and triglyceridemia (R = -0.53, p = .01). Individuals who increased muscle BDNF protein in response to 3-month training (responders) displayed stronger acute exercise-induced increase in serum BDNF than non-responders (p = .006). In addition, muscle BDNF protein content positively correlated with type II-to-type I muscle fiber ratio (R = 0.587, p = .008) and with the rate of post-exercise muscle ATP re-synthesis (R = 0.703, p = .005). Contrary to serum, acute aerobic exercise resulted in a decline of plasma BDNF 1 h post-exercise in both elderly-trained (-34%, p = .002) and young-trained individuals (-48%, p = .034). Acute circulating BDNF regulation by exercise was dependent on the level of physical fitness and correlated with training-induced improvements in metabolic and cognitive functions. Our observations provide an indirect evidence that distinct exercise-induced changes in serum and plasma BDNF as well as training-related increase in muscle BDNF protein, paralleled by improvements in muscle and whole-body clinical phenotypes, are involved in the coordinated adaptive response to exercise in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Máderová
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Patrik Krumpolec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucia Slobodová
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Schön
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Tirpáková
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Kovaničová
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radka Klepochová
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Imaged-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular Imaging, MOLIMA, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matej Vajda
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stanislav Šutovský
- 1st Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University & University Hospital Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ján Cvečka
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Valkovič
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Imaged-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Turčáni
- 1st Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University & University Hospital Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Krššák
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Imaged-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular Imaging, MOLIMA, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Milan Sedliak
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Chia-Liang Tsai
- Institute of Physical Education, Health and Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Barbara Ukropcová
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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18
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Guo LY, Lozinski B, Yong VW. Exercise in multiple sclerosis and its models: Focus on the central nervous system outcomes. J Neurosci Res 2019; 98:509-523. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yi Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Western University London Ontario Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain InstituteUniversity of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Brian Lozinski
- Hotchkiss Brain InstituteUniversity of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Voon Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain InstituteUniversity of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
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