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Goldenberg SU, Spisla C, Sánchez N, Taucher J, Spilling K, Sswat M, Fiesinger A, Fernández-Méndez M, Krock B, Hauss H, Haussmann J, Riebesell U. Diatom-mediated food web functioning under ocean artificial upwelling. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3955. [PMID: 38368496 PMCID: PMC10874431 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54345-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Enhancing ocean productivity by artificial upwelling is evaluated as a nature-based solution for food security and climate change mitigation. Fish production is intended through diatom-based plankton food webs as these are assumed to be short and efficient. However, our findings from mesocosm experiments on artificial upwelling in the oligotrophic ocean disagree with this classical food web model. Here, diatoms did not reduce trophic length and instead impaired the transfer of primary production to crustacean grazers and small pelagic fish. The diatom-driven decrease in trophic efficiency was likely mediated by changes in nutritional value for the copepod grazers. Whilst diatoms benefitted the availability of essential fatty acids, they also caused unfavorable elemental compositions via high carbon-to-nitrogen ratios (i.e. low protein content) to which the grazers were unable to adapt. This nutritional imbalance for grazers was most pronounced in systems optimized for CO2 uptake through carbon-to-nitrogen ratios well beyond Redfield. A simultaneous enhancement of fisheries production and carbon sequestration via artificial upwelling may thus be difficult to achieve given their opposing stoichiometric constraints. Our study suggest that food quality can be more critical than quantity to maximize food web productivity during shorter-term fertilization of the oligotrophic ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvan Urs Goldenberg
- Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Carsten Spisla
- Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicolás Sánchez
- Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan Taucher
- Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kristian Spilling
- Marine and Freshwater Solutions, Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Coastal Research, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Michael Sswat
- Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Fiesinger
- Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Mar Fernández-Méndez
- Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Bernd Krock
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Helena Hauss
- Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Mekjarvik, Norway
| | - Jacqueline Haussmann
- Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulf Riebesell
- Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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2
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Clerc C, Aumont O, Bopp L. Filter-feeding gelatinous macrozooplankton response to climate change and implications for benthic food supply and global carbon cycle. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:6383-6398. [PMID: 37751177 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
It is often suggested that gelatinous zooplankton may benefit from anthropogenic pressures of all kinds and in particular from climate change. Large pelagic tunicates, for example, are likely to be favored over other types of macrozooplankton due to their filter-feeding mode, which gives them access to small preys thought to be less affected by climate change than larger preys. In this study, we provide model-based estimate of potential community changes in macrozooplankton composition and estimate for the first time their effects on benthic food supply and on the ocean carbon cycle under two 21st-century climate-change scenarios. Forced with output from an Earth System Model climate projections, our ocean biogeochemical model simulates a large reduction in macrozooplankton biomass in response to anthropogenic climate change, but shows that gelatinous macrozooplankton are less affected than nongelatinous macrozooplankton, with global biomass declines estimated at -2.8% and -3.5%, respectively, for every 1°C of warming. The inclusion of gelatinous macrozooplankon in our ocean biogeochemical model has a limited effect on anthropogenic carbon uptake in the 21st century, but impacts the projected decline in particulate organic matter fluxes in the deep ocean. In subtropical oligotrophic gyres, where gelatinous zooplankton dominate macrozooplankton, the decline in the amount of organic matter reaching the seafloor is reduced by a factor of 2 when gelatinous macrozooplankton are considered (-17.5% vs. -29.7% when gelatinous macrozooplankton are not considered, all for 2100 under RCP8.5). The shift to gelatinous macrozooplankton in the future ocean therefore buffers the decline in deep carbon fluxes and should be taken into account when assessing potential changes in deep carbon storage and the risks that deep ecosystems may face when confronted with a decline in their food source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Clerc
- LMD/IPSL, Ecole Normale Supérieure/Université PSL, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Aumont
- LOCEAN/IPSL, IRD, CNRS, MNHN, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Bopp
- LMD/IPSL, Ecole Normale Supérieure/Université PSL, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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3
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Shakya AW, Allgeier JE. Water column contributions to coral reef productivity: overcoming challenges of context dependence. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1812-1828. [PMID: 37315947 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Coral reefs are declining at an unprecedented rate. Effective management and conservation initiatives necessitate improved understanding of the drivers of production because the high rates found in these ecosystems are the foundation of the many services they provide. The water column is the nexus of coral reef ecosystem dynamics, and functions as the interface through which essentially all energy and nutrients are transferred to fuel both new and recycled production. Substantial research has described many aspects of water column dynamics, often focusing on specific components because water column dynamics are highly spatially and temporally context dependent. Although necessary, a cost of this approach is that these dynamics are often not well linked to the broader ecosystem or across systems. To help overcome the challenge of context dependence, we provide a comprehensive review of this literature, and synthesise it through the perspective of ecosystem ecology. Specifically, we provide a framework to organise the drivers of temporal and spatial variation in production dynamics, structured around five primary state factors. These state factors are used to deconstruct the environmental contexts in which three water column sub-food webs mediate 'new' and 'recycled' production. We then highlight critical pathways by which global change drivers are altering coral reefs via the water column. We end by discussing four key knowledge gaps hindering understanding of the role of the water column for mediating coral reef production, and how overcoming these could improve conservation and management strategies. Throughout, we identify areas of extensive research and those where studies remain lacking and provide a database of 84 published studies. Improved integration of water column dynamics into models of coral reef ecosystem function is imperative to achieve the understanding of ecosystem production necessary to develop effective conservation and management strategies needed to stem global coral loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali W Shakya
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 1105 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jacob E Allgeier
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 1105 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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4
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Couret M, Landeira JM, Tuset VM, Sarmiento-Lezcano AN, Vélez-Belchí P, Hernández-León S. Mesozooplankton size structure in the Canary Current System. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 188:105976. [PMID: 37054510 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.105976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Changes in plankton composition influences the dynamics of marine food webs and carbon sinking rates. Understanding the core structure and function of the plankton distribution is of paramount importance to know their role in trophic transfer and efficiency. Here, we studied the zooplankton distribution, abundance, composition, and size spectra for the characterization of the community under different oceanographic conditions in the Canaries-African Transition Zone (C-ATZ). This region is a transition zone between the coastal upwelling and the open ocean showing a high variability because of the physical, chemical, and biological changes between eutrophic and oligotrophic conditions through the annual cycle. During the late winter bloom (LWB), chlorophyll a and primary production were higher compared to that of the stratified season (SS), especially in the upwelling influenced area. Abundance distribution analysis clustered stations into two main groups according to the season (productive versus stratified season), and one group sampled in the upwelling influenced area. Size-spectra analysis showed steeper slopes during daytime in the SS, suggesting a less structured community and a higher trophic efficiency during the LWB due to the favorable oceanographic conditions. We also observed a significant difference between day and nighttime size spectra due to community change during diel vertical migration. Cladocera were the key taxa differentiating an Upwelling-group, from a LWB- and SS-group. These two latter groups were differentiated by Salpidae and Appendicularia mainly. Data obtained in this study suggested that abundance composition might be useful when describing community taxonomic changes, while size-spectra gives an idea of the ecosystem structure, predatory interactions with higher trophic levels and shifts in size structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Couret
- Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, IOCAG, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Unidad Asociada ULPGC-CSIC, Campus de Taliarte, 35214, Telde, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - José M Landeira
- Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, IOCAG, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Unidad Asociada ULPGC-CSIC, Campus de Taliarte, 35214, Telde, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Víctor M Tuset
- Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, IOCAG, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Unidad Asociada ULPGC-CSIC, Campus de Taliarte, 35214, Telde, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Airam N Sarmiento-Lezcano
- Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, IOCAG, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Unidad Asociada ULPGC-CSIC, Campus de Taliarte, 35214, Telde, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Pedro Vélez-Belchí
- Instituto Español de Oceanografia, CO Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Santiago Hernández-León
- Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, IOCAG, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Unidad Asociada ULPGC-CSIC, Campus de Taliarte, 35214, Telde, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
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5
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Polimene L, Parn O, Garcia-Gorriz E, Macias D, Stips A, Duteil O, Ferreira-Cordeiro N, Miladinova S, Piroddi C, Serpetti N. Should we reconsider how to assess eutrophication? JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH 2023; 45:413-420. [PMID: 37287681 PMCID: PMC10243849 DOI: 10.1093/plankt/fbad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication in marine waters is traditionally assessed by checking if nutrients, algal biomass and oxygen are below/above a given threshold. However, increased biomass, nutrient concentrations and oxygen demand do not lead to undesirable environmental effects if the flow of carbon/energy from primary producers toward high trophic levels is consistently preserved. Consequently, traditional indicators might provide a misleading assessment of the eutrophication risk. To avoid this, we propose to evaluate eutrophication by using a new index based on plankton trophic fluxes instead of biogeochemical concentrations. A preliminary, model-based, assessment suggests that this approach might give a substantially different picture of the eutrophication status of our seas, with potential consequences on marine ecosystem management. Given the difficulties to measure trophic fluxes in the field, the use of numerical simulations is recommended although the uncertainty associated with biogeochemical models inevitably affects the reliability of the index. However, given the effort currently in place to develop refined numerical tools describing the marine environment (Ocean Digital Twins), a reliable, model-based, eutrophication index could be operational in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - O Parn
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate D – Sustainable Resources, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - E Garcia-Gorriz
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate D – Sustainable Resources, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - D Macias
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate D – Sustainable Resources, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - A Stips
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate D – Sustainable Resources, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - O Duteil
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate D – Sustainable Resources, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - N Ferreira-Cordeiro
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate D – Sustainable Resources, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - S Miladinova
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate D – Sustainable Resources, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - C Piroddi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate D – Sustainable Resources, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - N Serpetti
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate D – Sustainable Resources, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy
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6
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Tesán-Onrubia JA, Tedetti M, Carlotti F, Tenaille M, Guilloux L, Pagano M, Lebreton B, Guillou G, Fierro-González P, Guigue C, Chifflet S, Garcia T, Boudriga I, Belhassen M, Zouari AB, Bănaru D. Spatial variations of biochemical content and stable isotope ratios of size-fractionated plankton in the Mediterranean Sea (MERITE-HIPPOCAMPE campaign). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 189:114787. [PMID: 36878021 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plankton represents the main source of carbon in marine ecosystems and is consequently an important gateway for contaminants into the marine food webs. During the MERITE- HIPPOCAMPE campaign in the Mediterranean Sea (April-May 2019), plankton was sampled from pumping and net tows at 10 stations from the French coast to the Gulf of Gabès (Tunisia) to obtain different size fractions in contrasted regions. This study combines various approaches, including biochemical analyses, analyses of stable isotope ratios (δ13C, δ15N), cytometry analyses and mixing models (MixSiar) on size-fractions of phyto- and zooplankton from 0.7 to >2000 μm. Pico- and nanoplankton represented a large energetic resource at the base of pelagic food webs. Proteins, lipids, and stable isotope ratios increased with size in zooplankton and were higher than in phytoplankton. Stable isotope ratios suggest different sources of carbon and nutrients at the base of the planktonic food webs depending on the coast and the offshore area. In addition, a link between productivity and trophic pathways was shown, with high trophic levels and low zooplankton biomass recorded in the offshore area. The results of our study highlight spatial variations of the trophic structure within the plankton size-fractions and will contribute to assess the role of the plankton as a biological pump of contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc Tedetti
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - François Carlotti
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Melissa Tenaille
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Loïc Guilloux
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Marc Pagano
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Benoit Lebreton
- UMR 7266 Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (CNRS - La Rochelle Université), La Rochelle, France
| | - Gaël Guillou
- UMR 7266 Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (CNRS - La Rochelle Université), La Rochelle, France
| | - Pamela Fierro-González
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Guigue
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Sandrine Chifflet
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Théo Garcia
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Ismail Boudriga
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), 28, rue 2 mars 1934, 24, Salammbô 2025, Tunisia
| | - Malika Belhassen
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), 28, rue 2 mars 1934, 24, Salammbô 2025, Tunisia
| | - Amel Bellaaj Zouari
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), 28, rue 2 mars 1934, 24, Salammbô 2025, Tunisia
| | - Daniela Bănaru
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France.
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7
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Doane MP, Ostrowski M, Brown M, Bramucci A, Bodrossy L, van de Kamp J, Bissett A, Steinberg P, Doblin MA, Seymour J. Defining marine bacterioplankton community assembly rules by contrasting the importance of environmental determinants and biotic interactions. Environ Microbiol 2023. [PMID: 36700447 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bacterioplankton communities govern marine productivity and biogeochemical cycling, yet drivers of bacterioplankton assembly remain unclear. Here, we contrast the relative contribution of deterministic processes (environmental factors and biotic interactions) in driving temporal dynamics of bacterioplankton diversity at three different oceanographic time series locations, spanning 15° of latitude, which are each characterized by different environmental conditions and varying degrees of seasonality. Monthly surface samples (5.5 years) were analysed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The high- and mid-latitude sites of Maria Island and Port Hacking were characterized by high and intermediate levels of environmental heterogeneity, respectively, with both alpha diversity (72%; 24% of total variation) and beta diversity (32%; 30%) patterns within bacterioplankton assemblages explained by day length, ammonium, and mixed layer depth. In contrast, North Stradbroke Island, a sub-tropical location where environmental conditions are less variable, interspecific interactions were of increased importance in structuring bacterioplankton diversity (alpha: 33%; beta: 26%) with environment only contributing 11% and 13% to predicting diversity, respectively. Our results demonstrate that bacterioplankton diversity is the result of both deterministic environmental and biotic processes and that the importance of these different deterministic processes varies, potential in response to environmental heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Doane
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Martin Ostrowski
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia.,Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Brown
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle Australia, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anna Bramucci
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Peter Steinberg
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martina A Doblin
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia.,Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Justin Seymour
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
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8
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An analytical solution to ecosystem-based FMSY using trophic transfer efficiency of prey consumption to predator biological production. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276370. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A theoretical basis for Ecosystem-based Fisheries Management (EBFM) was derived for pelagic fish by applying marine ecology theory of analytical relationships of predator-prey biological production transfers between trophic levels to FAO guidelines for an ecosystem approach to fisheries. The aim is to describe a simple method for data-limited fisheries to estimate ecosystem-based FMSY and how EBFM modellers could mimic the way natural fish communities function for maintaining ecological processes of biological production, biomass and ecosystem stability. Ecosystem stability (ES) FMSY were estimated by proportion of biological production allocated to predators, giving ESFMSY of 0.23 for small pelagic and 0.27 for pelagic finfish, prioritising ecosystem over economics. To maintain both stability and biomass (SB) a full pelagic EBFM SBFMSY of about 0.08 was obtained for both small pelagic and pelagic finfish, having mostly ecosystem considerations. As the FMSY are single-species averages of catchable species targeted in a specific trophic level, multispecies fishing mortalities were proportioned by the biological production of each species in the trophic level. This way catches for each species are consistent with the average ecosystem FMSY for a trophic level. The theoretical estimates gave similar results to other fisheries for sustainable fish catches that maintain the fishery ecosystem processes. They were also tested using six tropical Ecopath Models and showed the effects of imposing commercial fishing mortalities on predominantly EBFM conditions. The ecosystem stability ESFMSY is suggested to be investigated for sustainable fish catches and the full EBFM SBFMSY for protected areas or recovery of heavily depleted stocks.
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9
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Jacquemot L, Vigneron A, Tremblay JÉ, Lovejoy C. Contrasting sea ice conditions shape microbial food webs in Hudson Bay (Canadian Arctic). ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:104. [PMID: 37938285 PMCID: PMC9723562 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-022-00192-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The transition from ice-covered to open water is a recurring feature of the Arctic and sub-Arctic, but microbial diversity and cascading effects on the microbial food webs is poorly known. Here, we investigated microbial eukaryote, bacterial and archaeal communities in Hudson Bay (sub-Arctic, Canada) under sea-ice cover and open waters conditions. Co-occurrence networks revealed a <3 µm pico‒phytoplankton-based food web under the ice and a >3 µm nano‒microphytoplankton-based food web in the open waters. The ice-edge communities were characteristic of post-bloom conditions with high proportions of the picophytoplankton Micromonas and Bathycoccus. Nano‒ to micro‒phytoplankton and ice associated diatoms were detected throughout the water column, with the sympagic Melosira arctica exclusive to ice-covered central Hudson Bay and Thalassiosira in open northwestern Hudson Bay. Heterotrophic microbial eukaryotes and prokaryotes also differed by ice-state, suggesting a linkage between microbes at depth and surface phytoplankton bloom state. The findings suggest that a longer open water season may favor the establishment of a large phytoplankton-based food web at the subsurface chlorophyll maxima (SCM), increasing carbon export from pelagic diatoms to deeper waters and affect higher trophic levels in the deep Hudson Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Jacquemot
- Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - Adrien Vigneron
- Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Connie Lovejoy
- Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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10
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Howard-Varona C, Roux S, Bowen BP, Silva LP, Lau R, Schwenck SM, Schwartz S, Woyke T, Northen T, Sullivan MB, Floge SA. Protist impacts on marine cyanovirocell metabolism. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:94. [PMID: 37938263 PMCID: PMC9723779 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-022-00169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The fate of oceanic carbon and nutrients depends on interactions between viruses, prokaryotes, and unicellular eukaryotes (protists) in a highly interconnected planktonic food web. To date, few controlled mechanistic studies of these interactions exist, and where they do, they are largely pairwise, focusing either on viral infection (i.e., virocells) or protist predation. Here we studied population-level responses of Synechococcus cyanobacterial virocells (i.e., cyanovirocells) to the protist Oxyrrhis marina using transcriptomics, endo- and exo-metabolomics, photosynthetic efficiency measurements, and microscopy. Protist presence had no measurable impact on Synechococcus transcripts or endometabolites. The cyanovirocells alone had a smaller intracellular transcriptional and metabolic response than cyanovirocells co-cultured with protists, displaying known patterns of virus-mediated metabolic reprogramming while releasing diverse exometabolites during infection. When protists were added, several exometabolites disappeared, suggesting microbial consumption. In addition, the intracellular cyanovirocell impact was largest, with 4.5- and 10-fold more host transcripts and endometabolites, respectively, responding to protists, especially those involved in resource and energy production. Physiologically, photosynthetic efficiency also increased, and together with the transcriptomics and metabolomics findings suggest that cyanovirocell metabolic demand is highest when protists are present. These data illustrate cyanovirocell responses to protist presence that are not yet considered when linking microbial physiology to global-scale biogeochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Roux
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- U.S. DOE Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Leslie P Silva
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Syft Technologies, Ltd, Christchurch, 8024, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca Lau
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Schwenck
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Microbial and Environmental Genomics, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Samuel Schwartz
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Tanja Woyke
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- U.S. DOE Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Trent Northen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- U.S. DOE Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Matthew B Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, and Center of Microbiome Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Sheri A Floge
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA.
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11
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Macêdo RL, Franco ACS, Kozlowsky-Suzuki B, Mammola S, Dalu T, Rocha O. The global social-economic dimension of biological invasions by plankton: Grossly underestimated costs but a rising concern for water quality benefits? WATER RESEARCH 2022; 222:118918. [PMID: 35932706 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Planktonic invasive species cause adverse effects on aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem services. However, these impacts are often underestimated because of unresolved taxonomic issues and limited biogeographic knowledge. Thus, it is pivotal to start a rigorous quantification of impacts undertaken by planktonic invasive species on global economies. We used the InvaCost database, the most up-to-date database of economic cost estimates of biological invasions worldwide, to produce the first critical assessment of the economic dimension of biological invasions caused by planktonic taxa. We found that in period spanning from 1960 to 2021, the cumulative global cost of plankton invasions was US$ 5.8 billion for permanent plankton (holoplankton) of which viruses encompassed nearly 93%. Apart from viruses, we found more costs related to zooplankton (US$ 297 million) than to the other groups summed, including myco- (US$ 73 million), phyto- (43 million), and bacterioplankton (US$ 0.7 million). Strikingly, harmful and potentially toxic cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates are completely absent from the database. Furthermore, the data base showed a decrease in costs over time, which is probably an artifact as a sharp rise of novel planktonic alien species has gained international attention. Also, assessments of the costs of larval meroplanktonic stages of littoral and benthic invasive invertebrates are lacking whereas cumulative global cost of their adults stages is high up to US$ 98 billion billion and increasing. Considering the challenges and perspectives of increasing but unnoticed or neglected impacts by plankton invasions, the assessment of their ecological and economic impacts should be of high priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael L Macêdo
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil; Graduate Program in Conservation and Ecotourism, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Neotropical Limnology Group (NEL), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, Av. Pasteur, 458, 22290-240, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
| | - Ana Clara S Franco
- Graduate Course in Neotropical Biodiversity, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, 458, 22290-240, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Betina Kozlowsky-Suzuki
- Graduate Program in Conservation and Ecotourism, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Neotropical Limnology Group (NEL), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, Av. Pasteur, 458, 22290-240, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil; Graduate Course in Neotropical Biodiversity, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, 458, 22290-240, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Stefano Mammola
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Molecular Ecology Group (MEG), Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRSA), 28922, Verbania Pallanza, Italy
| | - Tatenda Dalu
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Nelspruit, 1200, South Africa; Wissenshaftskolleg zu Berlin Institute for Advanced Study, Berlin, 14193, Germany
| | - Odete Rocha
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
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12
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Top-down control of planktonic ciliates by microcrustacean predators is stronger in lakes than in the ocean. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10501. [PMID: 35732678 PMCID: PMC9218117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14301-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Planktonic ciliates are major components of pelagic food webs in both marine and freshwaters. Their population dynamics are controlled ‘bottom-up’ by prey availability and ‘top-down’ by microcrustacean predators. In oceans, copepods are the main ciliate predators while in lakes cladocerans are the typical predators. The efficacy by which these functionally different predators control ciliate population dynamics is debated. We, therefore, investigated experimentally the grazing of three microcrustacean predators with different feeding modes on five freshwater ciliates. We then performed a meta-analysis to assess if our findings can be generalised for aquatic ecosystems. We hypothesized that top-down control is stronger in lakes than in the ocean. We find that: (i) average ingestion rates of marine and freshwater microcrustaceans do not differ; (ii) clearance rates of freshwater cladocerans decrease with ciliate size but increase with ciliate size in freshwater copepods; (iii) clearance rates of the marine microcrustaceans is unrelated to ciliate cell size. These findings have implications for the functioning of freshwater and marine food webs: (i) the ciliate—microcrustacean link is stronger in lakes than in the ocean, and (ii) globally top-down control of ciliates is unlikely in the ocean.
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13
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Bouvy M, Bélières A, Carré C, Got P, Pagano M, Agogué H, Bec B, Roques C, Bigot L, Chabanet P, Dupuy C. Do microbial planktonic communities reflect the ecological changes of Glorieuses coral reefs (Iles Eparses, Western Indian Ocean)? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 174:113218. [PMID: 34952405 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ecological baselines for the structure and functioning of ecosystems in the absence of human activity can provide essential information on their health status. The Glorieuses islands are located in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) and can be considered as "pristine" ecosystems that have not been subjected to anthropogenic pressure. Their nutrient context and the microbial assemblages were assessed by determining the abundance of heterotrophic prokaryotes (archaea and bacteria), picocyanobacteria, picoeukaryotes, microphytoplankton and protozooplankton communities in five stations, during two contrasted periods (November 2015 and May 2016). Chlorophyll-a concentrations were always under 1 μg/L and associated to very low levels in orthophosphates, nitrate and dissolved organic carbon, revealing an ultra-oligotrophic status for the Glorieuses waters. Picocyanobacteria confirmed the ultra-oligotrophic status with a predominance of Synechococcus. Zeaxanthin associated with the presence of picocyanobacteria represented the major pigment in both surveys. Three indices of diversity (species richness, Shannon and Pielou indexes) from microscopy observations highlighted the difference of diversity in microphytoplankton between the surveys. A focus on a 16S metabarcoding approach showed a high dominance of picocyanobacteria, Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria, regardless of station or period. Multivariate analyses (co-inertia analyses) revealed a strong variability of ecological conditions between the two periods, with (i) high nutrient concentrations and heterotrophic nanoflagellate abundance in November 2015, and (ii) high heterotrophic prokaryote and picoeukaryote abundance in May 2016. The impact of a category 5 tropical cyclone (Fantala) on the regional zone in April 2016 is also advanced to explain these contrasted situations. Relative importance of top-down factors between bacterial and heterotrophic nanoflagellates was observed in November 2015 with an active microbial food web. All the results indicate that three microbial indexes potentially can be considered to assess the ecological change in Glorieuses marine waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Bouvy
- Marine Diversity, Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC), Université de Montpellier, IRD, Ifremer, CNRS, France; Université de Montpellier, Place Eugene Bataillon, Case 093, 34095 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France.
| | - Alice Bélières
- Marine Diversity, Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC), Université de Montpellier, IRD, Ifremer, CNRS, France; Université de Montpellier, Place Eugene Bataillon, Case 093, 34095 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Claire Carré
- Marine Diversity, Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC), Université de Montpellier, IRD, Ifremer, CNRS, France; Université de Montpellier, Place Eugene Bataillon, Case 093, 34095 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Patrice Got
- Marine Diversity, Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC), Université de Montpellier, IRD, Ifremer, CNRS, France; Université de Montpellier, Place Eugene Bataillon, Case 093, 34095 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Marc Pagano
- Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), IRD, UMR 235, 13288 Marseille, Cedex 09, France
| | - Hélène Agogué
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université, UMR 7266 CNRS-ULR, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, Cedex, France
| | - Béatrice Bec
- Marine Diversity, Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC), Université de Montpellier, IRD, Ifremer, CNRS, France; Université de Montpellier, Place Eugene Bataillon, Case 093, 34095 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Cécile Roques
- Marine Diversity, Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC), Université de Montpellier, IRD, Ifremer, CNRS, France; Université de Montpellier, Place Eugene Bataillon, Case 093, 34095 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Lionel Bigot
- Entropie (IRD, UR, CNRS, UNC, IFREMER), Labex CORAIL, IRD-Université La Réunion, CS 92003, 97744 Saint Denis cedex 9, France
| | - Pascale Chabanet
- Entropie (IRD, UR, CNRS, UNC, IFREMER), Labex CORAIL, IRD-Université La Réunion, CS 92003, 97744 Saint Denis cedex 9, France
| | - Christine Dupuy
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université, UMR 7266 CNRS-ULR, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, Cedex, France
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14
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Marine viruses and climate change: Virioplankton, the carbon cycle, and our future ocean. Adv Virus Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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15
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Wu P, Dutkiewicz S, Monier E, Zhang Y. Bottom-Heavy Trophic Pyramids Impair Methylmercury Biomagnification in the Marine Plankton Ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:15476-15483. [PMID: 34738802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (CH3Hg+, MMHg) in the phytoplankton and zooplankton, which form the bottom of marine food webs, is a good predictor of MMHg in top predators, including humans. Therefore, evaluating the potential exposure of MMHg to higher trophic levels (TLs) requires a better understanding of relationships between MMHg biomagnification and plankton dynamics. In this study, a coupled ecological/physical model with 366 plankton types of different sizes, biogeochemical functions, and temperature tolerance is used to simulate the relationships between MMHg biomagnification and the ecosystem structure. The study shows that the MMHg biomagnification becomes more significant with increasing TLs. Trophic magnification factors (TMFs) in the lowest two TLs show the opposite spatial pattern to TMFs in higher TLs. The low TMFs are usually associated with a short food-chain length. The less bottom-heavy trophic pyramids in the oligotrophic oceans enhance the MMHg trophic transfer. The global average TMF is increased from 2.3 to 2.8 in the warmer future with a medium climate sensitivity of 2.5 °C. Our study suggests that if there are no mitigation measures for Hg emission, MMHg in the high-trophic-level plankton is increased more dramatically in the warming future, indicating greater MMHg exposure for top predators such as humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Wu
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Stephanie Dutkiewicz
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Center for Climate Change Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Erwan Monier
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Yanxu Zhang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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16
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Henson SA, Cael BB, Allen SR, Dutkiewicz S. Future phytoplankton diversity in a changing climate. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5372. [PMID: 34508102 PMCID: PMC8433162 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25699-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The future response of marine ecosystem diversity to continued anthropogenic forcing is poorly constrained. Phytoplankton are a diverse set of organisms that form the base of the marine ecosystem. Currently, ocean biogeochemistry and ecosystem models used for climate change projections typically include only 2-3 phytoplankton types and are, therefore, too simple to adequately assess the potential for changes in plankton community structure. Here, we analyse a complex ecosystem model with 35 phytoplankton types to evaluate the changes in phytoplankton community composition, turnover and size structure over the 21st century. We find that the rate of turnover in the phytoplankton community becomes faster during this century, that is, the community structure becomes increasingly unstable in response to climate change. Combined with alterations to phytoplankton diversity, our results imply a loss of ecological resilience with likely knock-on effects on the productivity and functioning of the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B B Cael
- National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton, UK
| | - Stephanie R Allen
- National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton, UK
- School of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, UK
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, UK
| | - Stephanie Dutkiewicz
- Center for Global Change Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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17
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Lim JH, Lee CW, Bong CW, Kudo I. The impact of eutrophication towards selected bacterial process rates in tropical coastal waters. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 169:112524. [PMID: 34049069 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The dissolved organic nutrient conditions and bacterial process rates at two tropical coastal sites in Peninsular Malaysia (Port Klang and Port Dickson) were initially studied in 2004-2005 period and later revisited in 2010-2011. We observed that dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) increased about two- and ten-fold at Port Klang and Port Dickson, respectively and resulted in a significant change in DOC:DON ratio (t ≥ 2.077, p < 0.05). Among the bacterial processes measured, bacterial respiration (BR) was lower in the 2010-2011 period at both stations (t ≥ 3.390, p < 0.01). BR also correlated to the DOC:DON ratio (R2 ≥ 0.259, p < 0.01). The increase in substrate quality enabled the bacteria to respire less in the dissolved organic matter degradation. As a result, the average bacterial growth efficiency increased slightly in the 2010-2011 period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Hai Lim
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Choon Weng Lee
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Chui Wei Bong
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Isao Kudo
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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18
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Arias A, Selander E, Saiz E, Calbet A. Predator Chemical Cue Effects on the Diel Feeding Behaviour of Marine Protists. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2021; 82:356-364. [PMID: 33459836 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01665-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We have assessed the effect of copepod chemical cues on the diel feeding rhythms of heterotrophic and mixotrophic marine protists. All phagotrophic protists studied exhibited relatively high diurnal feeding rates. The magnitude of the diel feeding rhythm, expressed as the quotient of day and night ingestion rates, was inversely related to the time that phagotrophic protists were maintained in the laboratory in an environment without predators. In the case of the recently isolated ciliate Strombidium arenicola, the rhythm was lost after a few months. When challenged with chemical alarm signals (copepodamides) from the copepod Calanus finmarchicus at realistic concentrations (0.6-6 pM), S. arenicola partially re-established diurnal feeding. Conversely, the amplitude of the diel feeding rhythm for the ciliate Mesodinium rubrum was not affected by copepodamides, although the 24-h integrated food intake increased by approximately 23%. For the dinoflagellates Gyrodinium dominans and Karlodinium armiger, copepodamides significantly reduced the amplitude of their diel feeding rhythms; significant positive effects on total daily ingestion were only observed in G. dominans. Finally, the dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina, isolated >20 years ago, showed inconsistent responses to copepodamides, except for an average 6% increase in its total ingestion over 24 h. Our results demonstrate that the predation risk by copepods affects the diel feeding rhythm of marine protists and suggests a species-specific response to predation threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Arias
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Erik Selander
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE-450 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Enric Saiz
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Calbet
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Individual diet specialization drives population trophic niche responses to environmental change in a predator fish population. FOOD WEBS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2021.e00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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20
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du Pontavice H, Gascuel D, Reygondeau G, Stock C, Cheung WWL. Climate-induced decrease in biomass flow in marine food webs may severely affect predators and ecosystem production. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2608-2622. [PMID: 33660891 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Climate change impacts on marine life in the world ocean are expected to accelerate over the 21st century, affecting the structure and functioning of food webs. We analyzed a key aspect of this issue, focusing on the impact of changes in biomass flow within marine food webs and the resulting effects on ecosystem biomass and production. We used a modeling framework based on a parsimonious quasi-physical representation of biomass flow through the food web, to explore the future of marine consumer biomass and production at the global scale over the 21st century. Biomass flow is determined by three climate-related factors: primary production entering the food web, trophic transfer efficiency describing losses in biomass transfers from one trophic level (TL) to the next, and flow kinetic measuring the speed of biomass transfers within the food web. Using climate projections of three earth system models, we calculated biomass and production at each TL on a 1° latitude ×1° longitude grid of the global ocean under two greenhouse gas emission scenarios. We show that the alterations of the trophic functioning of marine ecosystems, mainly driven by faster and less efficient biomass transfers and decreasing primary production, would lead to a projected decline in total consumer biomass by 18.5% by 2090-2099 relative to 1986-2005 under the "no mitigation policy" scenario. The projected decrease in transfer efficiency is expected to amplify impacts at higher TLs, leading to a 21.3% decrease in abundance of predators and thus to a change in the overall trophic structure of marine ecosystems. Marine animal production is also projected to decline but to a lesser extent than biomass. Our study highlights that the temporal and spatial projected changes in biomass and production would imply direct repercussions on the future of world fisheries and beyond all services provided by Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert du Pontavice
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health, Institut Agro, Inrae, Rennes, France
- Nippon Foundation-Nereus Program, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Didier Gascuel
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health, Institut Agro, Inrae, Rennes, France
| | - Gabriel Reygondeau
- Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Charles Stock
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - William W L Cheung
- Nippon Foundation-Nereus Program, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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21
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Bhagwat G, Zhu Q, O'Connor W, Subashchandrabose S, Grainge I, Knight R, Palanisami T. Exploring the Composition and Functions of Plastic Microbiome Using Whole-Genome Sequencing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:4899-4913. [PMID: 33686859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Besides the ecotoxicological consequences of microplastics and associated chemicals, the association of microbes on plastics has greater environmental implications as microplastics may select for unique microbiome participating in environmentally significant functions. Despite this, the functional potential of the microbiome associated with different types of plastics is understudied. Here, we investigate the interaction between plastic and marine biofilm-forming microorganisms through a whole-genome sequencing approach on four types of microplastics incubated in the marine environment. Taxonomic analysis suggested that the microplastic surfaces exhibit unique microbial profiles and niche partitioning among the substrates. In particular, the abundance of Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio campbellii suggested that microplastic pollution may pose a potential risk to the marine food chain and negatively impact aquaculture industries. Microbial genera involved in xenobiotic compound degradation, carbon cycling, and genes associated with the type IV secretion system, conjugal transfer protein TraG, plant-pathogen interaction, CusA/CzcA family heavy metal efflux transfer proteins, and TolC family proteins were significantly enriched on all the substrates, indicating the variety of processes operated by the plastic-microbiome. The present study gives a detailed characterization of the rapidly altering microbial composition and gene pools on plastics and adds new knowledge surrounding the environmental ramifications of marine plastic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Bhagwat
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Qiyun Zhu
- Biodesign Centre for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1004, United States
| | - Wayne O'Connor
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Port Stephens, Taylors Beach 2316, Australia
| | | | - Ian Grainge
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Rob Knight
- Centre for Microbiome Innovation, and Departments of Pediatrics, Bioengineering, and Computer Science & Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0021, California, United States
| | - Thava Palanisami
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
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22
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Trophic indices for micronektonic fishes reveal their dependence on the microbial system in the North Atlantic. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8488. [PMID: 33875692 PMCID: PMC8055700 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87767-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of microbes for the functioning of oceanic food webs is well established, but their relevance for top consumers is still poorly appreciated. Large differences in individual size, and consequently in growth rates and the relevant spatial and temporal scales involved, make the integration of microorganisms and large metazoans in a common food web framework difficult. Using stable isotopes, this study estimated the trophic position of 13 species of micronektonic fishes to examine the microbial and metazoan contribution to mid trophic level consumers. Vertically migrant species displayed higher trophic positions than non-migrant species in all depth layers. The estimated trophic positions agreed well with those from the literature, but all species displayed mean increases between 0.5 and 0.8 trophic positions when taking into account microbial trophic steps. Trophic position, but not the relative importance of the microbial food web, increased with individual size, suggesting that current estimates of the trophic position of top consumers and of the length of oceanic food webs are too low because they are based only on metazoan trophic steps. This finding calls for a review of trophic position estimates and of the efficiency of trophic transfers along oceanic food webs.
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23
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Rech S, Gusmao JB, Kiessling T, Hidalgo-Ruz V, Meerhoff E, Gatta-Rosemary M, Moore C, de Vine R, Thiel M. A desert in the ocean - Depauperate fouling communities on marine litter in the hyper-oligotrophic South Pacific Subtropical Gyre. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 759:143545. [PMID: 33203559 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The hyper-oligotrophic waters of the South Pacific Subtropical Gyre (SPSG) and the productive coastal Humboldt Current System (HCS) constitute an extreme nutrient gradient in the eastern South Pacific Ocean. Rich and dense fouling communities are known from floating objects in the HCS, but they have not been studied in the SPSG and it is not known which factors are influencing their richness and abundance. Here we present the first extensive study of rafting by marine invertebrates on floating anthropogenic debris in the eastern SPSG. We compared the effect of 9 raft-related categorical predictors on epibiont richness and fouling cover. Raft complexity was the most important predictor of richness. Fouling was dominated by thin crusts and biofilms, with more advanced communities only observed on few items. Fouling cover could not be predicted by any of the categorical factors tested. However, when tested as continuous predictors, raft volume and surface area were significantly correlated with both cover and richness. The most frequently encountered epibionts were common pelagic rafters, particularly Lepas spp., Planes spp., and Jellyella spp. Low fouling cover suggests that the SPSG's hyper-oligotrophic conditions strongly limit fouling growth, while the low frequency of coastal taxa points to the HCS/SPSG nutrient gradient acting as a filter for such organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Rech
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile; Millennium Nucleus of Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile.
| | - Joao Bosco Gusmao
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile; Millennium Nucleus of Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Tim Kiessling
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile; Kiel Science Factory, Kiel University and Leibniz Institute for Science and Mathematics Education, Kiel, Germany
| | - Valeria Hidalgo-Ruz
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Erika Meerhoff
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile; Millennium Nucleus of Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile; Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Avenida Ossandón 877, Coquimbo, Chile; Laboratorio de Ciencias del Mar (UNDECIMAR), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Magdalena Gatta-Rosemary
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile; Kiel Science Factory, Kiel University and Leibniz Institute for Science and Mathematics Education, Kiel, Germany
| | - Charles Moore
- Algalita, 148 N. Marina Drive, Long Beach, CA 90803, United States
| | - Raquelle de Vine
- Algalita, 148 N. Marina Drive, Long Beach, CA 90803, United States
| | - Martin Thiel
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile; Millennium Nucleus of Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile; Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Avenida Ossandón 877, Coquimbo, Chile
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Ramajo L, Valladares M, Astudillo O, Fernández C, Rodríguez-Navarro AB, Watt-Arévalo P, Núñez M, Grenier C, Román R, Aguayo P, Lardies MA, Broitman BR, Tapia P, Tapia C. Upwelling intensity modulates the fitness and physiological performance of coastal species: Implications for the aquaculture of the scallop Argopecten purpuratus in the Humboldt Current System. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 745:140949. [PMID: 32758743 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how marine species cope with the natural environmental variability of their native habitats will provide significant information about their sensitivity to the potential environmental changes driven by climate change. In particular, marine species inhabiting upwelling ecosystems are experiencing low seawater temperatures, as well as, acidic and low oxygen conditions as a consequence of the nature of the deep upwelled waters. Our study is focused on one of the most important socio-economical resources of the Humboldt Current System (HCS): the scallop Argopecten purpuratus which has been historically subjected to intensive aquaculture in areas influenced by upwelling processes. Here, a long-term field experiment was performed to understand how tolerant and well-locally-adapted is A. purpuratus to upwelling conditions by studying a set of fitness, physiological, and biomineralogical traits. Stronger upwelling generated a minor water column stratification, with lower temperatures, pH, and oxygen conditions. On the contrary, as upwelling weakened, temperature, pH, and oxygen availability increased. Finally, upwelling intensity also determined the number, duration, and intensity of the cooling and de-oxygenation events occurring in A. purpuratus habitat, as well as, the food availability (chlorophyll-a concentration, Chl-a). Physiologically, A. purpuratus was able to cope with stressful environmental conditions imposed by higher upwelling intensities by enhancing its metabolic and calcification rates, as well, producing higher concentrations of the shell organic matter. These physiological changes impacted the total energy budget, which was highly dependent on Chl-a concentration, and revealed important traits trade-offs with significant fitness costs (higher mortalities emerged when longer and more intense upwelling events succeed). Our study increases the knowledge about the physiological performance and tolerance of this important resource to the ocean acidification and ocean-deoxygenation imposed by variable upwelling intensities, as well as, its potential vulnerability under future changing conditions driven by a potential upwelling intensification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ramajo
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile; Center for the Study of Multiple-drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological Systems (MUSELS), Chile.
| | - María Valladares
- Centro de Innovación Acuícola AquaPacífico, Coquimbo, Chile; Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Orlando Astudillo
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile; Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Carolina Fernández
- Center for the Study of Multiple-drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological Systems (MUSELS), Chile; Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Paul Watt-Arévalo
- Center for the Study of Multiple-drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological Systems (MUSELS), Chile
| | - Manuel Núñez
- Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Grenier
- Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rocío Román
- Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Paulina Aguayo
- Department of Aquatic System, Faculty of Environmental Sciences & Environmental Sciences Center EULA Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Millennium Institute of Oceanography (IMO), Chile
| | - Marco A Lardies
- Center for the Study of Multiple-drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological Systems (MUSELS), Chile; Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bernardo R Broitman
- Center for the Study of Multiple-drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological Systems (MUSELS), Chile; Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
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Sabbagh EI, Huete-Stauffer TM, Calleja MLL, Silva L, Viegas M, Morán XAG. Weekly variations of viruses and heterotrophic nanoflagellates and their potential impact on bacterioplankton in shallow waters of the central Red Sea. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5800985. [PMID: 32149360 PMCID: PMC7104677 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterioplankton play a pivotal role in marine ecosystems. However, their temporal dynamics and underlying control mechanisms are poorly understood in tropical regions such as the Red Sea. Here, we assessed the impact of bottom-up (resource availability) and top-down (viruses and heterotrophic nanoflagellates) controls on bacterioplankton abundances by weekly sampling a coastal central Red Sea site in 2017. We monitored microbial abundances by flow cytometry together with a set of environmental variables including temperature, salinity, dissolved organic and inorganic nutrients and chlorophyll a. We distinguished five groups of heterotrophic bacteria depending on their physiological properties relative nucleic acid content, membrane integrity and cell-specific respiratory activity, two groups of Synechococcus cyanobacteria and three groups of viruses. Viruses controlled heterotrophic bacteria for most of the year, as supported by a negative correlation between their respective abundances and a positive one between bacterial mortality rates and mean viral abundances. On the contrary, heterotrophic nanoflagellates abundance covaried with that of heterotrophic bacteria. Heterotrophic nanoflagellates showed preference for larger bacteria from both the high and low nucleic acid content groups. Our results demonstrate that top-down control is fundamental in keeping heterotrophic bacterioplankton abundances low (< 5 × 10 5 cells mL−1) in Red Sea coastal waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman I Sabbagh
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tamara M Huete-Stauffer
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria L L Calleja
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Luis Silva
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Miguel Viegas
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Xosé Anxelu G Morán
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Shifts in Diatom Dominance Associated with Seasonal Changes in an Estuarine-Mangrove Phytoplankton Community. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse8070528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A study on seasonal phytoplankton abundance and composition in a mangrove estuary, Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve (MMFR), Malaysia, was carried out to determine the phytoplankton structure in this ecosystem, and to identify potential indicators of environmental changes. Phytoplankton samples were collected bimonthly from June 2010 to April 2011, to cover both dry (June to October) and wet (November to April) seasons, at four selected sampling sites along the river. Diatoms showed the highest number of species (50 species) from a total of 85 phytoplankton species from 76 genera. Diatoms contributed more than 90% of the total phytoplankton abundance during the dry season (southwest monsoon) and less than 70% during the wet season (northeast monsoon) as dinoflagellates became more abundant during the rainy season. Two diatoms were recorded as dominant species throughout the sampling period; Cyclotella sp. and Skeletonema costatum. Cyclotella sp. formed the most abundant species (62% of total phytoplankton) during the dry period characterized by low nutrients and relatively low turbidity. Skeletonema costatum contributed 93% of the total phytoplankton in October, which marked the end of the dry season and the beginning of the wet season, characterized by strong winds and high waves leading to the upwelling of the water column. Massive blooms of Skeletonema costatum occurred during the upwelling when total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations were highest (p < 0.05) throughout the year. The abundance of diatom species during the wet season was more evenly distributed, with most diatom species contributing less than 12% of the total phytoplankton. Autotrophic producers such as diatoms were limited by high turbidity during the northeast monsoon when the rainfall was high. During the wet season, Cyclotella and Skeletonema costatum only contributed 9% and 5% of the total phytoplankton, respectively, as dinoflagellates had more competitive advantage in turbid waters. This study illustrates that some diatom species such as Cyclotella sp. and Skeletonema costatum could be used as indicators of the environmental changes in marine waters.
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Larsen T, Hansen T, Dierking J. Characterizing niche differentiation among marine consumers with amino acid δ 13C fingerprinting. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:7768-7782. [PMID: 32760563 PMCID: PMC7391304 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine food webs are highly compartmentalized, and characterizing the trophic niches among consumers is important for predicting how impact from human activities affects the structuring and functioning of marine food webs. Biomarkers such as bulk stable isotopes have proven to be powerful tools to elucidate trophic niches, but they may lack in resolution, particularly when spatiotemporal variability in a system is high. To close this gap, we investigated whether carbon isotope (δ13C) patterns of essential amino acids (EAAs), also termed δ13CAA fingerprints, can characterize niche differentiation in a highly dynamic marine system. Specifically, we tested the ability of δ13CAA fingerprints to differentiate trophic niches among six functional groups and ten individual species in the Baltic Sea. We also tested whether fingerprints of the common zooplanktivorous fishes, herring and sprat, differ among four Baltic Sea regions with different biochemical conditions and phytoplankton assemblages. Additionally, we investigated how these results compared to bulk C and N isotope data for the same sample set. We found significantly different δ13CAA fingerprints among all six functional groups. Species differentiation was in comparison less distinct, due to partial convergence of the species' fingerprints within functional groups. Herring and sprat displayed region-specific δ13CAA fingerprints indicating that this approach could be used as a migratory marker. Niche metrics analyses showed that bulk isotope data had a lower power to differentiate between trophic niches than δ13CAA fingerprinting. We conclude that δ13CAA fingerprinting has a strong potential to advance our understanding of ecological niches, and trophic linkages from producers to higher trophic levels in dynamic marine systems. Given how management practices of marine resources and habitats are reshaping the structure and function of marine food webs, implementing new and powerful tracer methods are urgently needed to improve the knowledge base for policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Larsen
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human HistoryJenaGermany
| | - Thomas Hansen
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research KielKielGermany
| | - Jan Dierking
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research KielKielGermany
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28
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Bjorbækmo MFM, Evenstad A, Røsæg LL, Krabberød AK, Logares R. The planktonic protist interactome: where do we stand after a century of research? ISME JOURNAL 2019; 14:544-559. [PMID: 31685936 PMCID: PMC6976576 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0542-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Microbial interactions are crucial for Earth ecosystem function, but our knowledge about them is limited and has so far mainly existed as scattered records. Here, we have surveyed the literature involving planktonic protist interactions and gathered the information in a manually curated Protist Interaction DAtabase (PIDA). In total, we have registered ~2500 ecological interactions from ~500 publications, spanning the last 150 years. All major protistan lineages were involved in interactions as hosts, symbionts (mutualists and commensalists), parasites, predators, and/or prey. Predation was the most common interaction (39% of all records), followed by symbiosis (29%), parasitism (18%), and ‘unresolved interactions’ (14%, where it is uncertain whether the interaction is beneficial or antagonistic). Using bipartite networks, we found that protist predators seem to be ‘multivorous’ while parasite–host and symbiont–host interactions appear to have moderate degrees of specialization. The SAR supergroup (i.e., Stramenopiles, Alveolata, and Rhizaria) heavily dominated PIDA, and comparisons against a global-ocean molecular survey (TARA Oceans) indicated that several SAR lineages, which are abundant and diverse in the marine realm, were underrepresented among the recorded interactions. Despite historical biases, our work not only unveils large-scale eco-evolutionary trends in the protist interactome, but it also constitutes an expandable resource to investigate protist interactions and to test hypotheses deriving from omics tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit F Markussen Bjorbækmo
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (Evogene), University of Oslo, Blindernv. 31, N-0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Evenstad
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (Evogene), University of Oslo, Blindernv. 31, N-0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Line Lieblein Røsæg
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (Evogene), University of Oslo, Blindernv. 31, N-0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders K Krabberød
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (Evogene), University of Oslo, Blindernv. 31, N-0316, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ramiro Logares
- Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (Evogene), University of Oslo, Blindernv. 31, N-0316, Oslo, Norway. .,Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, ES-08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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