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Majumdar A, Katara R, Mishra A, Gupta A, Sharma DK, Srivastava AK, Sharma S, Jaiswal A, Dixit M, Kumar V, Kumar S, Kumar V, Sharma R, Mohanty SK. A Retrospective Analysis of BCR-ABL1 Kinase Domain Mutations in the Frontline Drug Intolerant or Resistant Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients: An Indian Experience from a High-End Referral Laboratory. South Asian J Cancer 2024; 13:132-141. [PMID: 38919665 PMCID: PMC11196143 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Atreye MajumdarSambit K. MohantyObjective This article identifies and evaluates the frequency of mutations in the BCR-ABL1 kinase domain (KD) of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients who showed suboptimal response to their current tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) regime and assesses their clinical value in further treatment decisions. Materials and Methods Peripheral and/or bone marrow were collected from 791 CML patients. Ribonucleic acid was extracted, reverse transcribed, and Sanger sequencing method was utilized to detect single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in BCR-ABL1 KD. Results Thirty-eight different SNVs were identified in 29.8% ( n = 236/791) patients. T315I, E255K, and M244V were among the most frequent mutations detected. In addition, one patient harbored a novel L298P mutation. A subset of patients from the abovementioned harbored compound mutations (13.3%, n = 33/236). Follow-up data was available in 28 patients that demonstrated the efficacy of TKIs in correlation with mutation analysis and BCR-ABL1 quantitation. Molecular response was attained in 50% patients following an appropriate TKI shift. A dismal survival rate of 40% was observed in T315I-harboring patients on follow-up. Conclusion This study shows the incidence and pattern of mutations in one of the largest sets of Indian CML patients. In addition, our findings strengthen the prognostic value of KD mutation analysis among strategies to overcome TKI resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atreye Majumdar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, CORE Diagnostics, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Rahul Katara
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, CORE Diagnostics, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Avshesh Mishra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, CORE Diagnostics, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Aastha Gupta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, CORE Diagnostics, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Deepak K. Sharma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, CORE Diagnostics, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Aman K. Srivastava
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, CORE Diagnostics, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Shivani Sharma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, CORE Diagnostics, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Ankita Jaiswal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, CORE Diagnostics, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Mallika Dixit
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, CORE Diagnostics, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, CORE Diagnostics, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, CORE Diagnostics, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Varun Kumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, CORE Diagnostics, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, CORE Diagnostics, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Sambit K. Mohanty
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, CORE Diagnostics, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Kim JH, Kang KW, Park Y, Kim BS. CXCR2 inhibition overcomes ponatinib intolerance by eradicating chronic myeloid leukemic stem cells through PI3K/Akt/mTOR and dipeptidylpeptidase Ⅳ (CD26). Heliyon 2023; 9:e22091. [PMID: 38045173 PMCID: PMC10692791 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explores the therapeutic potential of targeting CXCR2 in patients afflicted with ponatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Ponatinib, a third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), was initially designed for treating patients with CML harboring the T315I mutation. However, resistance or intolerance issues may lead to treatment discontinuation. Additionally, TKIs have exhibited limitations in eradicating quiescent CML stem cells. Our investigation reveals the activation of CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) signaling in response to chemotherapeutic stress. Treatment with the CXCR2 antagonist, SB225002, effectively curtails cell proliferation and triggers apoptosis in ponatinib-resistant CML cells. SB225002 intervention also results in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and disruption of mitochondrial function, phenomena associated with TKI chemoresistance and apoptosis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that activated CXCR2 expression induces the activity of dipeptidylpeptidase Ⅳ (DPP4/CD26), a CML leukemic stem cell marker, and concomitantly inhibits the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway cascades. These findings underscore the novel role of CXCR2 in the regulation of not only ponatinib-resistant CML cells, but also CML leukemic stem cells. Consequently, our study proposes that targeting CXCR2 holds promise as a viable therapeutic strategy for addressing patients with CML grappling with ponatinib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hea Kim
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ka-Won Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anam Hospital Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anam Hospital Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Anam Hospital Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
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3
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Aroosa M, Malik JA, Ahmed S, Bender O, Ahemad N, Anwar S. The evidence for repurposing anti-epileptic drugs to target cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7667-7680. [PMID: 37418080 PMCID: PMC10460753 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08568-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Antiepileptic drugs are versatile drugs with the potential to be used in functional drug formulations with drug repurposing approaches. In the present review, we investigated the anticancer properties of antiepileptic drugs and interlinked cancer and epileptic pathways. Our focus was primarily on those drugs that have entered clinical trials with positive results and those that provided good results in preclinical studies. Many contributing factors make cancer therapy fail, like drug resistance, tumor heterogeneity, and cost; exploring all alternatives for efficient treatment is important. It is crucial to find new drug targets to find out new antitumor molecules from the already clinically validated and approved drugs utilizing drug repurposing methods. The advancements in genomics, proteomics, and other computational approaches speed up drug repurposing. This review summarizes the potential of antiepileptic drugs in different cancers and tumor progression in the brain. Valproic acid, oxcarbazepine, lacosamide, lamotrigine, and levetiracetam are the drugs that showed potential beneficial outcomes against different cancers. Antiepileptic drugs might be a good option for adjuvant cancer therapy, but there is a need to investigate further their efficacy in cancer therapy clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Aroosa
- Department of Pharmacology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Jonaid Ahmad Malik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Ropar, Ropar, India
| | - Sakeel Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Onur Bender
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nafees Ahemad
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan lagoon selatan, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, DE, Malaysia.
| | - Sirajudheen Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
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4
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Kong Y, Jiang C, Wei G, Sun K, Wang R, Qiu T. Small Molecule Inhibitors as Therapeutic Agents Targeting Oncogenic Fusion Proteins: Current Status and Clinical. Molecules 2023; 28:4672. [PMID: 37375228 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic fusion proteins, arising from chromosomal rearrangements, have emerged as prominent drivers of tumorigenesis and crucial therapeutic targets in cancer research. In recent years, the potential of small molecular inhibitors in selectively targeting fusion proteins has exhibited significant prospects, offering a novel approach to combat malignancies harboring these aberrant molecular entities. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of small molecular inhibitors as therapeutic agents for oncogenic fusion proteins. We discuss the rationale for targeting fusion proteins, elucidate the mechanism of action of inhibitors, assess the challenges associated with their utilization, and provide a summary of the clinical progress achieved thus far. The objective is to provide the medicinal community with current and pertinent information and to expedite the drug discovery programs in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Caihong Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Guifeng Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Kai Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ruijie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ting Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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5
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Martínez-Castillo M, Gómez-Romero L, Tovar H, Olarte-Carrillo I, García-Laguna A, Barranco-Lampón G, De la Cruz-Rosas A, Martínez-Tovar A, Hernández-Zavala A, Córdova EJ. Genetic alterations in the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene related to imatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2023; 131:107325. [PMID: 37302352 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2023.107325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Use of the potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib as the first-line treatment in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has decreased mortality from 20% to 2%. Approximately 30% of CML patients experience imatinib resistance, however, largely because of point mutations in the kinase domain of the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene. The aim of this study was to use next-generation sequencing (NGS) to identify mutations related to imatinib resistance. The study included 22 patients diagnosed with CML and experiencing no clinical response to imatinib. Total RNA was used for cDNA synthesis, with amplification of a fragment encompassing the BCR-ABL1 kinase domain using a nested-PCR approach. Sanger and NGS were applied to detect genetic alterations. HaplotypeCaller was used for variant calling, and STAR-Fusion software was applied for fusion breakpoint identification. After sequencing analysis, F311I, F317L, and E450K mutations were detected respectively in three different participants, and in another two patients, single nucleotide variants in BCR (rs9608100, rs140506, rs16802) and ABL1 (rs35011138) were detected. Eleven patients carried e14a2 transcripts, nine had e13a2 transcripts, and both transcripts were identified in one patient. One patient had co-expression of e14a2 and e14a8 transcripts. The results identify candidate single nucleotide variants and co-expressed BCR-ABL1 transcripts in cellular resistance to imatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macario Martínez-Castillo
- Section of Research and Postgraduate Studies, Superior School of Medicine, National Institute Polytechnique, Casco de Santo Tomás, 11350 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Gómez-Romero
- Bioinformatics Department, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Arenal Tepepan, 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hugo Tovar
- Computational Genomics Division, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Arenal Tepepan, 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Irma Olarte-Carrillo
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Service of Hematology, Hospital General de Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Licega" Dr Balmis, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Anel García-Laguna
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Service of Hematology, Hospital General de Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Licega" Dr Balmis, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Barranco-Lampón
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Service of Hematology, Hospital General de Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Licega" Dr Balmis, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adrián De la Cruz-Rosas
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Service of Hematology, Hospital General de Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Licega" Dr Balmis, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adolfo Martínez-Tovar
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Service of Hematology, Hospital General de Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Licega" Dr Balmis, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Araceli Hernández-Zavala
- Section of Research and Postgraduate Studies, Superior School of Medicine, National Institute Polytechnique, Casco de Santo Tomás, 11350 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Emilio J Córdova
- Oncogenomics Consortium Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Clinic Research, Arenal Tepepan, 14610 Mexico City, Mexico.
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6
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Sanati M, Afshari AR, Ahmadi SS, Kesharwani P, Sahebkar A. Aptamers against cancer drug resistance: Small fighters switching tactics in the face of defeat. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166720. [PMID: 37062453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Discovering novel cancer therapies has attracted extreme interest in the last decade. In this regard, multidrug resistance (MDR) to chemotherapies is the primary challenge in cancer treatment. Cancerous cells are growingly become resistant to existing chemotherapeutics by employing diverse mechanisms, highlighting the significance of discovering approaches to overcome MDR. One promising strategy is utilizing aptamers as unique tools to target elements or signalings incorporated in resistance mechanisms or develop active targeted drug delivery systems or chimeras enabling the precise delivery of novel agents to inhibit the conventionally undruggable resistance elements. Further, due to their advantages over their proteinaceous counterparts, particularly antibodies, including improved targeting action, enhanced thermal stability, easier production, and superior tumor penetration, aptamers are emerging and have frequently been considered for developing cancer therapeutics. Here, we highlighted significant chemoresistance pathways and thoroughly discussed using aptamers as prospective tools to surmount cancer MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sanati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Experimental and Animal Study Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Amir R Afshari
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Seyed Sajad Ahmadi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Khatam-Ol-Anbia Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, India.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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7
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Al Saihati HA, Rabaan AA. Cellular resistance mechanisms in cancer and the new approaches to overcome resistance mechanisms chemotherapy. Saudi Med J 2023; 44:329-344. [PMID: 37062547 PMCID: PMC10153614 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2023.44.4.20220600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite major advancements in cancer healing approaches over the last few decades, chemotherapy remains the most popular malignancy treatment. Chemotherapeutic drugs are classified into many kinds based on their mechanism of action. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is responsible for approximately 90% of fatalities in malignancy cases treated with standard chemotherapeutics or innovative targeted medicines. Many innovative prospective anti-cancer medicines displayed high anti-cancer efficacy in a single application. However, combining them with other medications improves cancer treatment efficacy. This supports the belief that a combination of drugs is significantly more effective than a single medicine. Due to the intricacy of MDR processes and the diversity of tumor illnesses, there will rarely be a single medicine that can be utilized to treat all types of cancer. Finding new medications that can reverse MDR in malignancy cells will augment efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents and allow us to treat cancers that are now incurable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajir A. Al Saihati
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Science (Al Saihati), Applied Medical College, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin, and from the Depatment of Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory (Rabaan), Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Science (Al Saihati), Applied Medical College, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin, and from the Depatment of Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory (Rabaan), Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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8
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Kamyabi R, Jahandideh A, Panahi N, Muhammadnejad S. Synergistic cytotoxicity effect of the combination of chitosan nanoencapsulated imatinib mesylate and quercetin in BCR-ABL positive K562 cells. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:359-366. [PMID: 36865043 PMCID: PMC9922367 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.68472.14934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Intolerable side effects and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs have encouraged scientists to develop new methods of drug combinations with fewer complications. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of quercetin and imatinib encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles on cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and cell growth of the K562 cell line. Materials and Methods Imatinib and quercetin were encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles and their physical properties were determined using standard methods and SEM microscope images. BCR-ABL positive K562 cells were cultured in a cell culture medium, cytotoxicity of drugs was determined by MTT assay and the effects of nano drugs on apoptosis in cells were investigated by Annexin V-FITC staining. The expression level of genes associated with apoptosis in cells was measured by real-time PCR. Results The IC50 for the combination of the nano drugs at 24 and 48 hr was 9.324 and 10.86 μg/ml, respectively. The data indicated that the encapsulated form of drugs induced apoptosis more effectively than the free form (P<0.05). Moreover, the synergistic effect of nano drugs in statistical analysis was proved (P=0.001). The combination of nano drugs resulted in the caspase 3, 8, and TP53 genes upregulation (P=0.001). Conclusion The results of the present study showed that the encapsulated form of imatinib and quercetin nano drugs with chitosan has more cytotoxicity than the free form of the drugs. In addition, the combination of imatinib and quercetin as a nano-drug complex has a synergistic effect on the induction of apoptosis in imatinib-resistant K562 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohollah Kamyabi
- Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Jahandideh
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Alireza Jahandideh. Department of Veterinary Surgery, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Panahi
- Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samad Muhammadnejad
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Huang Y, Yuan C, Liu Q, Wang L. KIF23 promotes autophagy-induced imatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukaemia through activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2022; 49:1334-1341. [PMID: 36066385 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Imatinib, an inhibitor of tyrosine kinase, shows remarkable efficacy in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). Autophagy protects tumour cells against chemotherapeutic stimulation and contributes to imatinib resistance in CML. Kinesin family member 23 (KIF23) is involved in cytokinesis and associated with autophagy. The role of KIF23 in autophagy-induced imatinib resistance in CML was investigated. First, to induce drug resistance, CML cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of imatinib. The concentration of imatinib resistance in CML cells was screened through upregulation of 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) values. KIF23 was elevated in imatinib-resistant tissues and cells of CML. Second, knockdown of KIF23 reduced IC50 values of imatinib-resistant CML cells to imatinib. Moreover, silence of KIF23 also suppressed cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis of imatinib-resistant CML cells. Third, immunofluorescence analysis showed that the number of LC3 bright spots in imatinib-resistant CML cells was reduced by silence of KIF23. Knockdown of KIF23 upregulated p62 expression and downregulated the expression ratio of LC3-II to LC3-I in imatinib-resistant CML cells. Last, silence of KIF23 decreased nuclear β-catenin and increased cytoplasmic β-catenin in imatinib-resistant CML cells. Activator of Wnt/β-catenin attenuated KIF23 silence-induced increase of apoptosis and decrease of autophagy in imatinib-resistant CML cells. In conclusion, loss of KIF23 repressed autophagy-induced imatinib resistance in CML cells through inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunyan Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiwei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingying Wang
- Department of A Dietary, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Dey S, Basu S, Shah S, Bhattacharyya D, Gupta PP, Acharjee M, Roychoudhury S, Nath S. Deep sequencing reveals the spectrum of BCR-ABL1 mutations upon front-line therapy resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia: An Eastern-Indian cohort study. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2022; 33:100635. [PMID: 36155130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The course of clinical management in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) often faces a road-block in the form of front-line (imatinib) therapy resistance. Subsequently, several hotspot mutations were clinically validated in the kinase domain (KD) of BCR-ABL1, in deterring imatinib sensitivity and further, made targeted by next-generation tyrosine-kinase-inhibitor (TKI) drugs. Identifying KD mutations, occurring even at low frequencies, became pertinent here. Globally, cohorts from different origins were tested and the mutational spectra were mapped to categorize clinical management as well as related pathological features of CML. Moreover, targeted deep sequencing could reveal the mutational landscape more efficiently than the less sensitive Sanger sequencing method. However, no such efforts were reported from Eastern Indian cohorts of imatinib-resistant CML-sufferers. This study assessed a prospective study cohort of imatinib-resistant CML cases from Eastern India. Following dissecting the molecular and clinical parameters, the mutational spectrum was comparatively examined using conventional Sanger and next-generation deep sequencing method. This cohort showed a prevalence of e14a2-p210 variant of BCR-ABL1 and acquired resistance against imatinib, while the disease was mostly confined in its chronic phase. Together with a few common hotspot mutations identified in this cohort, deep sequencing revealed cases with a candidate mutation, otherwise undetermined by Sanger method. Also, cases with a second low frequency mutation were identified upon applying deep sequencing. Along with highlighting a few aspects of CML biology employing an Eastern-Indian cohort, this data could mark the immense importance of deep sequencing to contribute in the clinical management of CML upon front-line therapy resistance.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Cohort Studies
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Mutation
- Prospective Studies
- India
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Affiliation(s)
- Samya Dey
- Department of Basic and Translational Research, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Thakurpukur, Kolkata, 700063, India
| | - Soumi Basu
- Department of Basic and Translational Research, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Thakurpukur, Kolkata, 700063, India; Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - Shahena Shah
- Department of Basic and Translational Research, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Thakurpukur, Kolkata, 700063, India
| | - Debmalya Bhattacharyya
- Department of Hemato-oncology, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Thakurpukur, Kolkata, 700063, India
| | - Partha Pratim Gupta
- Department of Hemato-oncology, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Thakurpukur, Kolkata, 700063, India
| | - Mahasweta Acharjee
- Department of Basic and Translational Research, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Thakurpukur, Kolkata, 700063, India
| | - Susanta Roychoudhury
- Department of Basic and Translational Research, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Thakurpukur, Kolkata, 700063, India; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, CN-06, CN Block, Sector V, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Somsubhra Nath
- Department of Basic and Translational Research, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Thakurpukur, Kolkata, 700063, India; Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Plot No. DG/02/02, Premises No. 14-0358, Action Area-ID, New Town, Kolkata, 700156, India.
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Recent Trends in Nanomedicine-Based Strategies to Overcome Multidrug Resistance in Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174123. [PMID: 36077660 PMCID: PMC9454760 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of economic and health burden worldwide. The commonly used approaches for the treatment of cancer are chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Chemotherapy frequently results in undesirable side effects, and cancer cells may develop resistance. Combating drug resistance is a challenging task in cancer treatment. Drug resistance may be intrinsic or acquired and can be due to genetic factors, growth factors, the increased efflux of drugs, DNA repair, and the metabolism of xenobiotics. The strategies used to combat drug resistance include the nanomedicine-based targeted delivery of drugs and genes using different nanocarriers such as gold nanoparticles, peptide-modified nanoparticles, as well as biomimetic and responsive nanoparticles that help to deliver payload at targeted tumor sites and overcome resistance. Gene therapy in combination with chemotherapy aids in this respect. siRNA and miRNA alone or in combination with chemotherapy improve therapeutic response in tumor cells. Some natural substances, such as curcumin, quercetin, tocotrienol, parthenolide, naringin, and cyclosporin-A are also helpful in combating the drug resistance of cancer cells. This manuscript summarizes the mechanism of drug resistance and nanoparticle-based strategies used to combat it.
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12
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Shekhar M, Smith Z, Seeliger MA, Tiwary P. Protein Flexibility and Dissociation Pathway Differentiation Can Explain Onset of Resistance Mutations in Kinases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200983. [PMID: 35486370 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how mutations render a drug ineffective is a problem of immense relevance. Often the mechanism through which mutations cause drug resistance can be explained purely through thermodynamics. However, the more perplexing situation is when two proteins have the same drug binding affinities but different residence times. In this work, we demonstrate how all-atom molecular dynamics simulations using recent developments grounded in statistical mechanics can provide a detailed mechanistic rationale for such variances. We discover dissociation mechanisms for the anti-cancer drug Imatinib (Gleevec) against wild-type and the N368S mutant of Abl kinase. We show how this point mutation triggers far-reaching changes in the protein's flexibility and leads to a different, much faster, drug dissociation pathway. We believe that this work marks an efficient and scalable approach to obtain mechanistic insight into resistance mutations in biomolecular receptors that are hard to explain using a structural perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal Shekhar
- Center for Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Zachary Smith
- Biophysics Program and Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Markus A Seeliger
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA
| | - Pratyush Tiwary
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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13
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Poudel G, Tolland MG, Hughes TP, Pagani IS. Mechanisms of Resistance and Implications for Treatment Strategies in Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143300. [PMID: 35884363 PMCID: PMC9317051 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a type of blood cancer that is currently well-managed with drugs that target cancer-causing proteins. However, a significant proportion of CML patients do not respond to those drug treatments or relapse when they stop those drugs because the cancer cells in those patients stop relying on that protein and instead develop a new way to survive. Therefore, new treatment strategies may be necessary for those patients. In this review, we discuss those additional survival pathways and outline combination treatment strategies to increase responses and clinical outcomes, improving the lives of CML patients. Abstract Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have revolutionised the management of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), with the disease now having a five-year survival rate over 80%. The primary focus in the treatment of CML has been on improving the specificity and potency of TKIs to inhibit the activation of the BCR::ABL1 kinase and/or overcoming resistance driven by mutations in the BCR::ABL1 oncogene. However, this approach may be limited in a significant proportion of patients who develop TKI resistance despite the effective inhibition of BCR::ABL1. These patients may require novel therapeutic strategies that target both BCR::ABL1-dependent and BCR::ABL1-independent mechanisms of resistance. The combination treatment strategies that target alternative survival signalling, which may contribute towards BCR::ABL1-independent resistance, could be a successful strategy for eradicating residual leukaemic cells and consequently increasing the response rate in CML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Poudel
- Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (G.P.); (M.G.T.); (T.P.H.)
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Australasian Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group, Richmond, VIC 3121, Australia
| | - Molly G. Tolland
- Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (G.P.); (M.G.T.); (T.P.H.)
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Timothy P. Hughes
- Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (G.P.); (M.G.T.); (T.P.H.)
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Australasian Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group, Richmond, VIC 3121, Australia
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Royal Adelaide Hospital and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Ilaria S. Pagani
- Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (G.P.); (M.G.T.); (T.P.H.)
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Australasian Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group, Richmond, VIC 3121, Australia
- Correspondence:
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14
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Shekhar M, Smith Z, Seeliger M, Tiwary P. Protein Flexibility and Dissociation Pathway Differentiation Can Explain Onset Of Resistance Mutations in Kinases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal Shekhar
- Broad Institute Center for Development of Therapeutics UNITED STATES
| | - Zachary Smith
- University of Maryland at College Park Institute for Physical Science and Technology UNITED STATES
| | - Markus Seeliger
- Stony Brook University Department of Pharmacological Sciences UNITED STATES
| | - Pratyush Tiwary
- university of maryland chemistry and biochemistry university of maryland 20740 college park UNITED STATES
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15
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Fu H, Wu ZX, Lei ZN, Teng QX, Yang Y, Ashby CR, Lei Y, Lian Y, Chen ZS. The Resistance of Cancer Cells to Palbociclib, a Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitor, is Mediated by the ABCB1 Transporter. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:861642. [PMID: 35350768 PMCID: PMC8957877 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.861642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Palbociclib was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for use, in combination with letrozole, as a first-line treatment for estrogen receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (ER+/HER2-) postmenopausal metastatic breast cancer. However, recent studies show that palbociclib may be an inhibitor of the ABCB1 transporter, although this remains to be elucidated. Therefore, we conducted experiments to determine the interaction of palbociclib with the ABCB1 transporter. Our in vitro results indicated that the efficacy of palbociclib was significantly decreased in the ABCB1-overexpressing cell lines. Furthermore, the resistance of ABCB1-overexpressing cells to palbociclib was reversed by 3 μM of the ABCB1 inhibitor, verapamil. Moreover, the incubation of ABCB1-overexpressing KB-C2 and SW620/Ad300 cells with up to 5 μM of palbociclib for 72 h, significantly upregulated the protein expression of ABCB1. The incubation with 3 µM of palbociclib for 2h significantly increased the intracellular accumulation of [3H]-paclitaxel, a substrate of ABCB1, in ABCB1 overexpressing KB-C2 cells but not in the corresponding non-resistant parental KB-3-1 cell line. However, the incubation of KB-C2 cells with 3 μM of palbociclib for 72 h decreased the intracellular accumulation of [3H]-paclitaxel due to an increase in the expression of the ABCB1 protein. Palbociclib produced a concentration-dependent increase in the basal ATPase activity of the ABCB1 transporter (EC50 = 4.73 μM). Molecular docking data indicated that palbociclib had a high binding affinity for the ABCB1 transporter at the substrate binding site, suggesting that palbociclib may compete with other ABCB1 substrates for the substrate binding site of the ABCB1. Overall, our results indicate that palbociclib is a substrate for the ABCB1 transporter and that its in vitro anticancer efficacy is significantly decreased in cancer cells overexpressing the ABCB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Fu
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Xun Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Zi-Ning Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Precision Medicine Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiu-Xu Teng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Yixiong Lei
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuyin Lian
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
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16
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Venkataramany AS, Schieffer KM, Lee K, Cottrell CE, Wang PY, Mardis ER, Cripe TP, Chandler DS. Alternative RNA Splicing Defects in Pediatric Cancers: New Insights in Tumorigenesis and Potential Therapeutic Vulnerabilities. Ann Oncol 2022; 33:578-592. [PMID: 35339647 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared to adult cancers, pediatric cancers are uniquely characterized by a genomically stable landscape and lower tumor mutational burden. However, alternative splicing, a global cellular process that produces different mRNA/protein isoforms from a single mRNA transcript, has been increasingly implicated in the development of pediatric cancers. DESIGN We review the current literature on the role of alternative splicing in adult cancer, cancer predisposition syndromes, and pediatric cancers. We also describe multiple splice variants identified in adult cancers and confirmed through comprehensive genomic profiling in our institutional cohort of rare, refractory and relapsed pediatric and adolescent young adult cancer patients. Finally, we summarize the contributions of alternative splicing events to neoantigens and chemoresistance and prospects for splicing-based therapies. RESULTS Published dysregulated splicing events can be categorized as exon inclusion, exon exclusion, splicing factor upregulation, or splice site alterations. We observe these phenomena in cancer predisposition syndromes (Lynch syndrome, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, CHEK2) and pediatric leukemia (B-ALL), sarcomas (Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma), retinoblastoma, Wilms tumor, and neuroblastoma. Within our institutional cohort, we demonstrate splice variants in key regulatory genes (CHEK2, TP53, PIK3R1, MDM2, KDM6A, NF1) that resulted in exon exclusion or splice site alterations, which were predicted to impact functional protein expression and promote tumorigenesis. Differentially spliced isoforms and splicing proteins also impact neoantigen creation and treatment resistance, such as imatinib or glucocorticoid regimens. Additionally, splice-altering strategies with the potential to change the therapeutic landscape of pediatric cancers include antisense oligonucleotides, adeno-associated virus gene transfers, and small molecule inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS Alternative splicing plays a critical role in the formation and growth of pediatric cancers, and our institutional cohort confirms and highlights the broad spectrum of affected genes in a variety of cancers. Further studies that elucidate the mechanisms of disease-inducing splicing events will contribute toward the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Venkataramany
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - K M Schieffer
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - K Lee
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States; Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - C E Cottrell
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States; Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - P Y Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States; Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - E R Mardis
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - T P Cripe
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States; Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States; Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - D S Chandler
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States; Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program and The Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States.
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17
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Benchikh S, Bousfiha A, El Hamouchi A, Soro SGC, Malki A, Nassereddine S. Chronic myeloid leukemia: cytogenetics and molecular biology’s part in the comprehension and management of the pathology and treatment evolution. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00248-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a type of blood cancer that affects hematopoietic stem cells and is often characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome. The Philadelphia chromosome encodes for a protein with high tyrosine kinase activity which acts as a tumorigenic factor.
Main body
This review article reports an update on the pathophysiology of CML and highlights the role of cytogenetic and molecular biology in screening, diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring as well as evaluating patients’ response to treatment. Additionally, these genetic tests allow identifying additional chromosomal abnormalities (ACA) and BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase domain mutations in intolerant or resistant patients. Thus, therapeutic advances have enabled this pathology to become manageable and almost curable in its clinical course. The scientific literature search used in the synthesis of this paper was carried out in the PubMed database, and the figures were generated using online software named BioRender.
Conclusion
The role of cytogenetic and molecular biology is crucial for the diagnosis and medical monitoring of patients. In-depth knowledge of molecular mechanisms of the BCR-ABL kinase facilitated the development of new targeted therapies that have improved the vital prognosis in patients. However, the emergence of ACA and new mutations resistant to tyrosine kinase inhibitors constitutes a real challenge in the quest for adequate therapy.
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18
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Pokorny R, Stenehjem DD, Gilreath JA. Impact of metformin on tyrosine kinase inhibitor response in chronic myeloid leukemia. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2022; 28:916-923. [PMID: 35132891 PMCID: PMC9047107 DOI: 10.1177/10781552221077254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective Oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are first line therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). A complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) correlates with increased overall survival, however only 66%–88% of patients achieve CCyR after one year of TKI treatment. Because TKI therapy alone cannot eliminate CML stem cells, strategies aimed at achieving faster and deeper responses are needed to improve long-term survival. Metformin is a widely prescribed glucose-lowering agent for patients with diabetes and in preclinical studies, has been shown to suppress cell viability, induce apoptosis, and downregulate the mTORC1 signaling pathway in imatinib resistant CML cell lines (K562R). This study aims to investigate the utility of metformin added to TKI therapy in patients with CML. Data Sources An observational study at an academic medical center (Salt Lake City, UT) was performed for adults with newly diagnosed, chronic-phase CML to evaluate attainment of CCyR from TKI therapy with or without concomitant metformin use. Descriptive analyses were used to describe baseline characteristics and attainment of response to TKI therapy. Data Summary Fifty-nine patients were evaluated. One hundred percent (5 of 5) in the metformin group and 73.6% (39 of 54) in the non-metformin group achieved CCyR. Approximately 20% of patients in both groups relapsed (defined by a loss of CCyR during study) after a median 34.5 months of follow-up. Conclusions Future research is warranted to validate these findings and determine the utility of metformin added to TKI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Pokorny
- Department of Pharmacy, 20270Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - David D Stenehjem
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 14713University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Gilreath
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy and 20270Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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19
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Tan J, Chow YP, Zainul Abidin N, Chang KM, Selvaratnam V, Tumian NR, Poh YM, Veerakumarasivam A, Laffan MA, Wong CL. Analysis of genetic variants in myeloproliferative neoplasms using a 22-gene next-generation sequencing panel. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:10. [PMID: 35033063 PMCID: PMC8760696 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-01145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Philadelphia (Ph)-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), namely essential thrombocythaemia (ET), polycythaemia vera (PV) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF), are a group of chronic clonal haematopoietic disorders that have the propensity to advance into bone marrow failure or acute myeloid leukaemia; often resulting in fatality. Although driver mutations have been identified in these MPNs, subtype-specific markers of the disease have yet to be discovered. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology can potentially improve the clinical management of MPNs by allowing for the simultaneous screening of many disease-associated genes. Methods The performance of a custom, in-house designed 22-gene NGS panel was technically validated using reference standards across two independent replicate runs. The panel was subsequently used to screen a total of 10 clinical MPN samples (ET n = 3, PV n = 3, PMF n = 4). The resulting NGS data was then analysed via a bioinformatics pipeline. Results The custom NGS panel had a detection limit of 1% variant allele frequency (VAF). A total of 20 unique variants with VAFs above 5% (4 of which were putatively novel variants with potential biological significance) and one pathogenic variant with a VAF of between 1 and 5% were identified across all of the clinical MPN samples. All single nucleotide variants with VAFs ≥ 15% were confirmed via Sanger sequencing. Conclusions The high fidelity of the NGS analysis and the identification of known and novel variants in this study cohort support its potential clinical utility in the management of MPNs. However, further optimisation is needed to avoid false negatives in regions with low sequencing coverage, especially for the detection of driver mutations in MPL. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-021-01145-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaymi Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yock Ping Chow
- Clinical Research Centre, Sunway Medical Centre, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Norziha Zainul Abidin
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Sunway Medical Centre, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kian Meng Chang
- Haematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Sunway Medical Centre, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | | | - Nor Rafeah Tumian
- Haematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yang Ming Poh
- School of Data Sciences, Perdana University, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abhi Veerakumarasivam
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Michael Arthur Laffan
- Centre for Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Chieh Lee Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Clinical Research Centre, Sunway Medical Centre, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. .,Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Sunway Medical Centre, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. .,Haematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Sunway Medical Centre, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. .,Centre for Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK. .,Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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20
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Andretta E, Costa C, Longobardi C, Damiano S, Giordano A, Pagnini F, Montagnaro S, Quintiliani M, Lauritano C, Ciarcia R. Potential Approaches Versus Approved or Developing Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 11:801779. [PMID: 34993151 PMCID: PMC8724906 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.801779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have revolutionized the treatment of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, continued use of these inhibitors has contributed to the increase in clinical resistance and the persistence of resistant leukemic stem cells (LSCs). So, there is an urgent need to introduce additional targeted and selective therapies to eradicate quiescent LSCs, and to avoid the relapse and disease progression. Here, we focused on emerging BCR-ABL targeted and non-BCR-ABL targeted drugs employed in clinical trials and on alternative CML treatments, including antioxidants, oncolytic virus, engineered exosomes, and natural products obtained from marine organisms that could pave the way for new therapeutic approaches for CML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Andretta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Costa
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Consiglia Longobardi
- Department of Mental, Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Largo Madonna delle Grazie, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Damiano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center of Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Francesco Pagnini
- Unit of Radiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Serena Montagnaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Lauritano
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Ciarcia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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21
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Ismail MA, Nasrallah GK, Monne M, AlSayab A, Yassin MA, Varadharaj G, Younes S, Sorio C, Cook R, Modjtahedi H, Al-Dewik NI. Description of PTPRG genetic variants identified in a cohort of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia patients and their ability to influence response to Tyrosine kinase Inhibitors. Gene 2021; 813:146101. [PMID: 34906644 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have remarkably transformed Ph+ chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) management; however, TKI resistance remains a major clinical challenge. Mutations in BCR-ABL1 are well studied but fail to explain 20-40% of resistant cases, suggesting the activation of alternative, BCR-ABL1-independent pathways. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Gamma (PTPRG), a tumor suppressor, was found to be well expressed in CML patients responsive to TKIs and down-regulated in resistant patients. In this study, we aimed to identify genetic variants in PTPRG that could potentially modulate TKIs response in CML patients. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples collected from two CML cohorts (Qatar and Italy) and targeted exome sequencing was performed. Among 31 CML patients, six were TKI-responders and 25 were TKI-resistant. Sequencing identified ten variants, seven were annotated and three were novel SNPs (c.1602_1603insC, c.85+86delC, and c.2289-129delA). Among them, five variants were identified in 15 resistant cases. Of these, one novel exon variant (c.1602_1603insC), c.841-29C>T (rs199917960) and c.1378-224A>G (rs2063204) were found to be significantly different between the resistant cases compared to responders. Our findings suggest that PTPRG variants may act as an indirect resistance mechanism of BCR-ABL1 to affect TKI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Ismail
- School of Life Science, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Faculty of science, engineering & computing-Kingston University London, United Kingdom; Interim Translational Research Institute (iTRI), Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maria Monne
- Centro di Diagnostica Biomolecolare e Citogenetica Emato-Oncologica, "San Francesco" Hospital, Nuoro, Italy
| | - Ali AlSayab
- Interim Translational Research Institute (iTRI), Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed A Yassin
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Centre for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Salma Younes
- Department of Research, Women's Wellness and Research Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar
| | - Claudio Sorio
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Richard Cook
- School of Life Science, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Faculty of science, engineering & computing-Kingston University London, United Kingdom
| | - Helmout Modjtahedi
- School of Life Science, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Faculty of science, engineering & computing-Kingston University London, United Kingdom
| | - Nader I Al-Dewik
- Interim Translational Research Institute (iTRI), Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar; Faculty of Health and Social Care Sciences, Kingston University, St. George's University of London, UK; Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; College of Health and Life Science (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar.
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Massimino M, Vigneri P, Stella S, Tirrò E, Pennisi MS, Parrinello LN, Vetro C, Manzella L, Stagno F, Di Raimondo F. Combined Inhibition of Bcl2 and Bcr-Abl1 Exercises Anti-Leukemia Activity but Does Not Eradicate the Primitive Leukemic Cells. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235606. [PMID: 34884309 PMCID: PMC8658323 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The management of Philadelphia Chromosome-positive (Ph+) hematological malignancies is strictly correlated to the use of BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, these drugs do not induce leukemic stem cells death and their persistence may generate a disease relapse. Published reports indicated that Venetoclax, a selective BCL2 inhibitor, could be effective in Ph+ diseases, as BCL2 anti-apoptotic activity is modulated by BCR-ABL1 kinase. We, therefore, investigated if BCL2 inhibition, alone or combined with Nilotinib, a BCR-ABL1 inhibitor, affects the primitive and committed Ph+ cells survival. Methods: We used Ph+ cells isolated from leukemic patients at diagnosis. To estimate the therapeutic efficacy of BCL2 and BCR-ABL1 inhibition we employed long-term culture, proliferation and apoptosis assay. Immunoblot was used to evaluate the ability of treatment to interfere with the down-stream targets of BCR-ABL1. Results: Blocking BCL2, we observed reduced proliferation and clonogenic potential of CML CD34-positive cells and this cytotoxicity was improved by combination with BCR-ABL1 inhibitor. However, BCL2 inhibition, alone or in combination regiment with BCR-ABL1 inhibitor, did not reduce the self-renewal of primitive leukemic cells, while strongly induced cell death on primary Ph+ Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). Conclusion: Our results suggest that primitive CML leukemic cells are not dependent on BCL2 for their persistence and support that committed CML and Ph + ALL cells are dependent by BCL2 and BCR-ABL1 cooperation for their survival. The antileukemic activity of BCL2 and BCR-ABL1 dual targeting may be a useful therapeutic strategy for Ph+ ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Massimino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (P.V.); (S.S.); (E.T.); (M.S.P.); (L.M.)
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-3781952; Fax: +39-095-3781949
| | - Paolo Vigneri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (P.V.); (S.S.); (E.T.); (M.S.P.); (L.M.)
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Stefania Stella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (P.V.); (S.S.); (E.T.); (M.S.P.); (L.M.)
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Elena Tirrò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (P.V.); (S.S.); (E.T.); (M.S.P.); (L.M.)
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Pennisi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (P.V.); (S.S.); (E.T.); (M.S.P.); (L.M.)
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Laura Nunziatina Parrinello
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.N.P.); (C.V.); (F.S.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Calogero Vetro
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.N.P.); (C.V.); (F.S.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Livia Manzella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (P.V.); (S.S.); (E.T.); (M.S.P.); (L.M.)
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Fabio Stagno
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.N.P.); (C.V.); (F.S.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Francesco Di Raimondo
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.N.P.); (C.V.); (F.S.); (F.D.R.)
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Lu YH, Huang ZY. Global identification of circular RNAs in imatinib (IM) resistance of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) by modulating signaling pathways of circ_0080145/miR-203/ABL1 and circ 0051886/miR-637/ABL1. Mol Med 2021; 27:148. [PMID: 34781898 PMCID: PMC8591874 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00395-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Imatinib (IM), targeting of BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase, is currently one of the first-line choices in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). This study aims to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying IM resistance in CML treatment. 108 CML patients were recruited and grouped according to their sensitivity to IM as the responder group (N = 66) and the non-responder group (N = 42). Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed to evaluate the expression of candidate circular RNAs (circRNAs), microRNA (miRNAs) and messenger RNA (mRNAs). No significant difference was noted regarding demographic and clinicopathological characteristics between the responder group and the non-responder group. The expression of circ_0080145, circ_0051886 and ABL1 mRNA was significantly increased, while the expression of miR-203 and miR-637 was decreased in the non-responder group as compared with the responders. By using in-silicon analysis, it was predicted that circ_0080145 and circ_0051886 targeted miR-203 and miR-637 respectively, and ABL1 was found to be shared direct target gene of miR-203 and miR-637. Ectopic over-expression of circ_0080145 and circ_0051886 respectively reduced the expression of miR-203 and miR-637. The expression of ABL1 mRNA/protein was most upregulated in culture cells co-transfected with circ_0080145 and circ_0051886 as compared with those cells individually transfected. This study established the signaling pathways of circ_0080145/miR-203/ABL1 and circ 0051886/miR-637/ABL1. The deregulation of circ_0080145 and circ_0051886 is, at least partially, responsible for the development of IM chemoresistance in CML by regulating expression of ABL1 via modulating expression of miR-203 and miR-637.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Hua Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Zhong-Yi Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jing'an District Central Hospital, No 259 Xikang Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Moreno-Fuquen R, Arango-Daraviña K, Kennedy AR. Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, structural studies, thermal analysis and molecular docking of N-(2-methyl-5-nitrophenyl)-4-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine, a precursor for drug design against chronic myeloid leukemia. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2021; 77:621-632. [PMID: 34607985 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229621009487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, crystal structure and spectroscopic and electronic properties of N-(2-methyl-5-nitrophenyl)-4-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine (NPPA), C16H13N5O2, a potential template for drug design against chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), is reported. The design and construction of the target molecule were carried out starting from the guanidinium nitrate salt (previously synthesized) and the corresponding enaminone. X-ray diffraction analysis and a study of the Hirshfeld surfaces revealed important interactions between the nitro-group O atoms and the H atoms of the pyridine and pyrimidine rings. A crystalline ordering in layers, by the stacking of rings through interactions of the π-π type, was observed and confirmed by a study of the shape-index surfaces and dispersion energy calculations. Quantitative electrostatic potential studies revealed the most positive value of the molecule on regions close to the N-H groups (34.8 kcal mol-1); nevertheless, steric impediments and the planarity of the molecule do not allow the formation of hydrogen bonds from this group. This interaction is however activated when the molecule takes on a new extended conformation in the active pocket of the enzyme kinase (PDB ID 2hyy), interacting with protein residues that are fundamental in the inhibition process of CML. The most negative values of the molecule are seen in regions close to the nitro group (-35.4 and -34.0 kcal mol-1). A molecular docking study revealed an energy affinity of ΔG = -10.3 kcal mol-1 for NPPA which, despite not having a more negative value than the control molecule (Imatinib; ΔG = -12.8 kcal mol-1), shows great potential to be used as a template for new drugs against CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Moreno-Fuquen
- Grupo de Cristalografia, Departamento de Quimica, Universidad del Valle, AA 25360, Santiago de Cali, Colombia
| | - Kevin Arango-Daraviña
- Grupo de Cristalografia, Departamento de Quimica, Universidad del Valle, AA 25360, Santiago de Cali, Colombia
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1XL, UK
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Pan D, Yang W, Zeng Y, Li W, Wang K, Zhao L, Li J, Ye Y, Guo Q. AKR1C3 decreased CML sensitivity to Imatinib in bone marrow microenvironment via dysregulation of miR-379-5p. Cell Signal 2021; 84:110038. [PMID: 33984486 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug resistance is an important cause of death for most patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The bone marrow microenvironment is believed to be mainly responsible for resistance to BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The mechanism involved, however, is still unclear. METHODS Bioinformatic analysis from GEO database of AKR1C3 was utilized to identify the AKR1C3 expression in CML cells under bone marrow microenvironment. Western blot and qPCR were performed to detect the AKR1C3 expression in two CML cell lines K562 and KU812 cultured +/- bone microenvironment derived stromal cells. CCK-8, soft agar colony assay, and Annexin V/PI assay were performed to detect the sensitivity of CML cells (K562 and KU812) to Imatinib under a gain of or loss of function of AKR1C3 treatment. The CML murine model intravenous inoculated with K562-OE-vector and K562-OE-AKR1C3 cells were established to estimate the effect of AKR1C3 inhibitor Indomethacin on Imatinib resistance. The bioinformatic analysis of miRNA databases was used to predict the potential miRNAs targeting AKR1C3. And the luciferase assay was utilized to validate the target relationship between miR-379-5p and AKR1C3. And, the soft agar colony assay and Annexin V/PI were used to validate the effect of miR-379-5p in AKR1C3 induced Imatinib resistance. RESULTS In present study, we investigated AKR1C3 was highly expressed in CML under bone marrow microenvironment. AKR1C3 decreased Imatinib activity in K562 and KU812 cells, while inhibition of AKR1C3 could enhance Imatinib sensitivity in vitro study. Furthermore, murine model results showed combination use of AKR1C3 inhibitor Indomethacin effectively prolong mice survival, indicating that AKR1C3 is a promising target to enhance Imatinib treatment. Mechanically, AKR1C3 was found to be suppressed by miR-379-5p, which was down-expression in bone marrow microenvironment. Besides, we found miR-379-5p could bind AKR1C3 3'UTR but not degrade its mRNA level. Further, gain of miR-379-5p rescued the imatinib resistance induced by AKR1C3 overexpression in CML cells. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our study identifies a novel signaling regulation of miR-379-5p/AKR1C3/EKR axis in regulating IM resistance in CML cell, and provides a scientific base for exploring AKR1C3 as a biomarker in impeding IM resistance in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Pan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Wanwan Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Zeng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaizhen Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Li
- Pathology and PDX efficacy center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Yuting Ye
- Pathology and PDX efficacy center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu, China.
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Pinto LC, Sales LDO, Azevedo TCDB, Moreira-Nunes CA, Lemos JAR. Análise de mutações do domínio BCR-ABL quinase em pacientes com leucemia mielóide crônica refratários ao tratamento com mesilato de imatinibe. REVISTA CIÊNCIAS EM SAÚDE 2020. [DOI: 10.21876/rcshci.v10i4.994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo: A Leucemia Mielóide Crônica (LMC) é um distúrbio clonal de células progenitoras hematopoiéticas, caracterizada por uma translocação recíproca entre os cromossomos 9 e 22, que resulta no gene híbrido BCR-ABL1.Mesmo com o progresso no tratamento da doença permitido pelos inibidores de tirosina quinase, mutações pontuais no domínio desse gene são as principais causas de resistência terapêutica, principalmente ao mesilato de imatinibe. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar as mutações pontuais de alta resistência em paciente com LMC e sua possível correlação com a resposta ao tratamento. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 58 pacientes com LMC em tratamento com imatinibe e com resposta subótima à terapia. As amostras de sangue foram analisadas por PCR em tempo real usando a química TaqMan® para avaliar as seguintes mutações pontuais: T315I, E255V e Y253H. Resultados: Nenhum dos 58 pacientes apresentou alguma das mutações investigadas. Houve uso irregular da medicação em 16% (n = 9), dos quais 44% (n = 4) relataram uso descontínuo e interrupção por conta própria, e 56% (n = 5) apresentaram intolerância ao tratamento e trocaram de fármaco. Conclusão: A ausência das mutações pontuais nos pacientes portadores de LMC analisados neste estudo demonstrou que a falha na terapia não tem correlação molecular com as mutações analisadas e pode estar relacionada à menores taxas de adesão ao tratamento. Estes achados foram demonstrados em um número considerável de pacientes avaliados, apontando a necessidade da edução sobre a importância de seguir as recomendações sobre seu tratamento para evitar complicações futuras.
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Novel mutations in the EPO-R, VHL and EPAS1 genes in the Congenital Erythrocytosis patients. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2020; 85:102479. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2020.102479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Komorowski L, Fidyt K, Patkowska E, Firczuk M. Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Leukemia in the Lymphoid Lineage-Similarities and Differences with the Myeloid Lineage and Specific Vulnerabilities. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5776. [PMID: 32806528 PMCID: PMC7460962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) results from a translocation between the breakpoint cluster region (BCR) gene on chromosome 9 and ABL proto-oncogene 1 (ABL1) gene on chromosome 22. The fusion gene, BCR-ABL1, is a constitutively active tyrosine kinase which promotes development of leukemia. Depending on the breakpoint site within the BCR gene, different isoforms of BCR-ABL1 exist, with p210 and p190 being the most prevalent. P210 isoform is the hallmark of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), while p190 isoform is expressed in majority of Ph-positive B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ B-ALL) cases. The crucial component of treatment protocols of CML and Ph+ B-ALL patients are tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), drugs which target both BCR-ABL1 isoforms. While TKIs therapy is successful in great majority of CML patients, Ph+ B-ALL often relapses as a drug-resistant disease. Recently, the high-throughput genomic and proteomic analyses revealed significant differences between CML and Ph+ B-ALL. In this review we summarize recent discoveries related to differential signaling pathways mediated by different BCR-ABL1 isoforms, lineage-specific genetic lesions, and metabolic reprogramming. In particular, we emphasize the features distinguishing Ph+ B-ALL from CML and focus on potential therapeutic approaches exploiting those characteristics, which could improve the treatment of Ph+ B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Komorowski
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nielubowicza 5 St, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (L.K.); (K.F.)
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Trojdena 2a St, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudyna Fidyt
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nielubowicza 5 St, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (L.K.); (K.F.)
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Trojdena 2a St, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Patkowska
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Indiry Gandhi 14, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Malgorzata Firczuk
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nielubowicza 5 St, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (L.K.); (K.F.)
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Hoemberger M, Pitsawong W, Kern D. Cumulative mechanism of several major imatinib-resistant mutations in Abl kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:19221-19227. [PMID: 32719139 PMCID: PMC7431045 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1919221117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the outstanding success of the cancer drug imatinib, one obstacle in prolonged treatment is the emergence of resistance mutations within the kinase domain of its target, Abl. We noticed that many patient-resistance mutations occur in the dynamic hot spots recently identified to be responsible for imatinib's high selectivity toward Abl. In this study, we provide an experimental analysis of the mechanism underlying drug resistance for three major resistance mutations (G250E, Y253F, and F317L). Our data settle controversies, revealing unexpected resistance mechanisms. The mutations alter the energy landscape of Abl in complex ways: increased kinase activity, altered affinity, and cooperativity for the substrates, and, surprisingly, only a modestly decreased imatinib affinity. Only under cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations, these changes cumulate in an order of magnitude increase in imatinib's half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). These results highlight the importance of characterizing energy landscapes of targets and its changes by drug binding and by resistance mutations developed by patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Hoemberger
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454
- HHMI, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454
| | - Warintra Pitsawong
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454
- HHMI, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454
| | - Dorothee Kern
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454;
- HHMI, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454
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30
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Lin A, Sheltzer JM. Discovering and validating cancer genetic dependencies: approaches and pitfalls. Nat Rev Genet 2020; 21:671-682. [DOI: 10.1038/s41576-020-0247-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Bukowski K, Kciuk M, Kontek R. Mechanisms of Multidrug Resistance in Cancer Chemotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3233. [PMID: 32370233 PMCID: PMC7247559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 768] [Impact Index Per Article: 192.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide. Despite the significant development of methods of cancer healing during the past decades, chemotherapy still remains the main method for cancer treatment. Depending on the mechanism of action, commonly used chemotherapeutic agents can be divided into several classes (antimetabolites, alkylating agents, mitotic spindle inhibitors, topoisomerase inhibitors, and others). Multidrug resistance (MDR) is responsible for over 90% of deaths in cancer patients receiving traditional chemotherapeutics or novel targeted drugs. The mechanisms of MDR include elevated metabolism of xenobiotics, enhanced efflux of drugs, growth factors, increased DNA repair capacity, and genetic factors (gene mutations, amplifications, and epigenetic alterations). Rapidly increasing numbers of biomedical studies are focused on designing chemotherapeutics that are able to evade or reverse MDR. The aim of this review is not only to demonstrate the latest data on the mechanisms of cellular resistance to anticancer agents currently used in clinical treatment but also to present the mechanisms of action of novel potential antitumor drugs which have been designed to overcome these resistance mechanisms. Better understanding of the mechanisms of MDR and targets of novel chemotherapy agents should provide guidance for future research concerning new effective strategies in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Bukowski
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha St., 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (M.K.); (R.K.)
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Xin P, Xu W, Zhu X, Li C, Zheng Y, Zheng T, Cheng W, Peng Q. Protective autophagy or autophagic death: effects of BEZ235 on chronic myelogenous leukemia. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:7933-7951. [PMID: 31686909 PMCID: PMC6709803 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s204472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effects of BEZ235 on chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells. Methods MTS assay was used to detect the proliferation of CML cells. The proteins expression were detected by Western blot assay. The effects of BEZ235 on autophagy in CML cells were verified through transmission electron microscopy and evaluated by laser confocal microscopy. Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis. A xenograft model was established to observe the therapeutic effect of BEZ235 in vivo. Results BEZ235 could inhibit the proliferation of CML cells; CQ and 3-MA could increase the proliferation inhibition and Z-VAD-FMK can reduce the proliferation inhibition of BEZ235 on CML cells (P<0.05). Results of TEM showed that the autophagosomes of CML cells treated with BEZ235 increased (P<0.05). The results by confocal microscopy showed that the autophagic activity of K562 cells increased with BEZ235 treatment. When BEZ235 combined with CQ, BEZ235-induced autophagic flow was blocked. FCM results showed that BEZ235 could induces apoptosis in CML cells. Z-VAD-FMK could decrease the apoptosis of CML cells induced by BEZ235. CQ increased the apoptosis of CML cells induced by BEZ235 (P<0.05). Western blot showed that BEZ235 inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT and S6K. BEZ235 alone could upregulate the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and LC3II. When combined with Z-VAD-FMK, the expression of cleaved caspase-3 was lower than that of BEZ235 alone. When combined with CQ, the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and LC3II were higher than those of BEZ235 alone (P<0.05). BEZ235 could inhibit the growth of xenografts of CML cell line. Conclusion BEZ235 can inhibit the proliferation of CML cells, induce apoptosis, and enhance autophagy activity. It induces protective autophagy. The combination of CQ can enhance the apoptosis and proliferation inhibition of CML cells induced by BEZ235.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengliang Xin
- Department of Haematology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqian Xu
- Department of Haematology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongpeng Zhu
- Department of Haematology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuntuan Li
- Department of Haematology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Haematology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingjin Zheng
- Central Laboratory, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhao Cheng
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qunyi Peng
- Department of Haematology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
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ABL1 tyrosine kinase domain mutations in chronic myeloid leukemia treatment resistance. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3747-3754. [PMID: 31025148 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04816-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of mutations in the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene transcript causes resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) based therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Thereby, screening for BCR-ABL1 mutations is advised especially in patients undergoing poor response to treatment. In the current study the authors investigated 43 patients with CML that failed or had suboptimal response to TKIs treatment. Blood samples were collected from patients that were treated with TKIs. The analysis of genetic mutations was performed using a semi-nested PCR assay, followed by Sanger sequencing. The analysis revealed 15 mutations (32.55%): 14 point mutations and an exon 7 deletion. In roughly 30% of cases, mutations in the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene are common causes for treatment resistance.
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