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Erkens R, Duse DA, Brum A, Chadt A, Becher S, Siragusa M, Quast C, Müssig J, Roden M, Cortese-Krott M, Ibáñez B, Lammert E, Fleming I, Jung C, Al-Hasani H, Heusch G, Kelm M. Inhibition of proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 restores cardioprotection by remote ischaemic preconditioning in type 2 diabetes. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38956895 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Remote ischaemic preconditioning (rIPC) for cardioprotection is severely impaired in diabetes, and therapeutic options to restore it are lacking. The vascular endothelium plays a key role in rIPC. Given that the activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is inhibited by proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2), we hypothesized that pharmacological Pyk2 inhibition could restore eNOS activity and thus restore remote cardioprotection in diabetes. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH New Zealand obese (NZO) mice that demonstrated key features of diabetes were studied. The consequence of Pyk2 inhibition on endothelial function, rIPC and infarct size after myocardial infarction were evaluated. The impact of plasma from mice and humans with or without diabetes was assessed in isolated buffer perfused murine hearts and aortic rings. KEY RESULTS Plasma from nondiabetic mice and humans, both subjected to rIPC, caused remote tissue protection. Similar to diabetic humans, NZO mice demonstrated endothelial dysfunction. NZO mice had reduced circulating nitrite levels, elevated arterial blood pressure and a larger infarct size after ischaemia and reperfusion than BL6 mice. Pyk2 increased the phosphorylation of eNOS at its inhibitory site (Tyr656), limiting its activity in diabetes. The cardioprotective effects of rIPC were abolished in diabetic NZO mice. Pharmacological Pyk2 inhibition restored endothelial function and rescued cardioprotective effects of rIPC. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Endothelial function and remote tissue protection are impaired in diabetes. Pyk2 is a novel target for treating endothelial dysfunction and restoring cardioprotection through rIPC in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Erkens
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Dragos Andrei Duse
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Amanda Brum
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexandra Chadt
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Deutsches Diabetes Zentrum at Heinrich Heine University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Partner Duesseldorf, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Becher
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Mauro Siragusa
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner site RhineMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christine Quast
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Johanna Müssig
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Partner Duesseldorf, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, Deutsches Diabetes Zentrum at Heinrich Heine University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Miriam Cortese-Krott
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
- CARID Cardiovascular Research Institute Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Borja Ibáñez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eckhard Lammert
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Partner Duesseldorf, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner site RhineMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Jung
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hadi Al-Hasani
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Deutsches Diabetes Zentrum at Heinrich Heine University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Partner Duesseldorf, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University School of Medicine Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
- CARID Cardiovascular Research Institute Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Ye Q, Chen M, Ma L. Genetic liability to elevated circulating IP-10, IFNγ and SCGFβ levels in relation to thoracic aortic aneurysm: A mendelian randomization study. Cytokine 2024; 178:156569. [PMID: 38484620 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is associated with thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) but the effects of each circulating inflammatory factor on TAA remain unclear. In this study, we explored the relationship between circulating inflammatory factors and TAA risk using Mendelian randomization (MR) approach based on summary statistics from the latest genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 41 circulating inflammatory factors in 8293 Finns and a GWAS involving 1351 TAA cases and 18,295 controls of European ancestry. In univariable MR, higher interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) levels, higher interferon gamma (IFNγ) levels and higher stem cell growth factor beta (SCGFβ) levels were associated with an increased risk of TAA (OR = 1.37, 95 % CI = 1.17-1.59, p = 7.42 × 10-5; OR = 1.43, 95 % CI = 1.19-1.74, p = 2.04 × 10-4; OR = 1.27, 95 % CI = 1.09-1.48, p = 2.40 × 10-3, respectively). In multivariable MR, the patterns of associations for the three cytokines remained adjusting for each other or smoking, but were attenuated differently with adjustment for other cardiovascular risk factors, especially for lipids and body mass index. Bidirectional MR approach did not identify any significant associations between cytokines and risk factors. Our results indicated that circulating cytokines may play mediation roles in the pathogenesis of TAA. Further studies are needed to determine whether these biomarkers can be used to prevent and treat TAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianxi Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China.
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3
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Boosani CS, Burela L. The Exacerbating Effects of the Tumor Necrosis Factor in Cardiovascular Stenosis: Intimal Hyperplasia. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1435. [PMID: 38611112 PMCID: PMC11010976 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
TNF-α functions as a master regulator of inflammation, and it plays a prominent role in several immunological diseases. By promoting important cellular mechanisms, such as cell proliferation, migration, and phenotype switch, TNF-α induces its exacerbating effects, which are the underlying cause of many proliferative diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. TNF-α primarily alters the immune component of the disease, which subsequently affects normal functioning of the cells. Monoclonal antibodies and synthetic drugs that can target TNF-α and impair its effects have been developed and are currently used in the treatment of a few select human diseases. Vascular restenosis is a proliferative disorder that is initiated by immunological mechanisms. In this review, the role of TNF-α in exacerbating restenosis resulting from neointimal hyperplasia, as well as molecular mechanisms and cellular processes affected or induced by TNF-α, are discussed. As TNF-α-targeting drugs are currently not approved for the treatment of restenosis, the summation of the topics discussed here is anticipated to provide information that can emphasize on the use of TNF-α-targeting drug candidates to prevent vascular restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Shekhar Boosani
- Somatic Cell and Genome Editing Center, Division of Animal Science, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- MU HealthCare, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Technology and Platform Development, Soma Life Science Solutions, Winston-Salem, NC 27103, USA
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4
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Zhong Y, Liang B, Zhang X, Li J, Zeng D, Huang T, Wu J. NF-κB affected the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β via activation of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway in rat model of acute pulmonary microthromboembolism. Pulm Circ 2024; 14:e12357. [PMID: 38584678 PMCID: PMC10995479 DOI: 10.1002/pul2.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary thromboembolism caused by thrombi blocking major pulmonary artery and its branches, is a frequently encountered phenomenon and an important cause of high morbidity and mortality in lung diseases and may develop into persistent pulmonary hypertension (PH). Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway had been reported participated in the formation and development of PH by promoting inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of NF-κB activation on the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in acute pulmonary microthromboembolism (APMTE) rats. Rats were randomized into five groups. APMTE group received jugular vein injection of autologous thrombus, while control group rats received normal saline injection. Pulmonary hemodynamic parameters were measured through ECHO-guided transthoracic puncture. Pulmonary vascular morphological changes were analyzed by HE. The expression changes of NF-κB and serum TNF-α、IL-1β levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Protein expression of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway including p-IκBα, p-p38 MAPK, p-NF-κB p65, IκBα, p38 MAPK, and NF-κB p65 was determined using western blot analysis. Compared with control group, the expression of NF-κB in lung tissue and the levels of serum TNF-α and IL-1β rats were higher, a significant reduction in IκBα and elevation in the phosphorylation of IκBα, p38 MAPK, and NF-κB p65 were found in APMTE group rats. And UK administration reversed the APMTE-induced increase in TNF-α, IL-1β, p-IκBα, p-MAPK, and p-NF-κB protein. Furthermore, the levels of NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-1β were positively correlated with mean pulmonary artery. And the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were positively correlated with NF-κB. These findings suggest that the activation of MAPK/NF-κB pathway as a critical driver of increasing TNF-α and IL-1β level in APMTE rats and UK exerted protective effects against APMTE-induced PH may be related to the downregulation of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Zhong
- Department of Ultrasonic MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Binbin Liang
- Department of Ultrasonic MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonic MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Jingtao Li
- Department of Ultrasonic MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Decai Zeng
- Department of Ultrasonic MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Tongtong Huang
- Department of Ultrasonic MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Ji Wu
- Department of Ultrasonic MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
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5
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Akther F, Sajin D, Moonshi SS, Wu Y, Vazquez-Prada KX, Ta HT. Modeling Foam Cell Formation in A Hydrogel-Based 3D-Intimal Model: A Study of The Role of Multi-Diseases During Early Atherosclerosis. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300463. [PMID: 38200677 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Monocyte recruitment and transmigration are crucial in atherosclerotic plaque development. The multi-disease complexities aggravate the situation and continue to be a constant concern for understanding atherosclerosis plaque development. Herein, a 3D hydrogel-based model that integrates disease-induced microenvironments is sought to be designed, allowing us to explore the early stages of atherosclerosis, specifically examining monocyte fate in multi-disease complexities. As a proof-of-concept study, murine cells are employed to develop the model. The model is constructed with collagen embedded with murine aortic smooth muscle cells and a murine endothelial monolayer lining. The model achieves in vitro disease complexities using external stimuli such as glucose and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Hyperglycemia exhibits a significant increase in monocyte adhesion but no enhancement in monocyte transmigration and foam cell conversion compared to euglycemia. Chronic infection achieved by LPS stimulation results in a remarkable augment in initial monocyte attachment and a significant increment in monocyte transmigration and foam cells in all concentrations. Moreover, the model exhibits synergistic sensitivity under multi-disease conditions such as hyperglycemia and infection, enhancing initial monocyte attachment, cell transmigration, and foam cell formation. Additionally, western blot data prove the enhanced levels of inflammatory biomarkers, indicating the model's capability to mimic disease-induced complexities during early atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahima Akther
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Dimple Sajin
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Shehzahdi S Moonshi
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Yuao Wu
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Karla X Vazquez-Prada
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Hang Thu Ta
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
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6
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Niida T, Yuki H, Suzuki K, Kinoshita D, Fujimoto D, Nakajima A, McNulty I, Lee H, Tanriverdi K, Nakamura S, Jang IK. Proteomics associated with coronary high-risk plaques by optical coherence tomography. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2024; 57:204-211. [PMID: 38296868 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-023-02938-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Biomarkers are widely used for the diagnosis and monitoring of cardiovascular disease. However, markers for coronary high-risk plaques have not been identified. The aim of this study was to identify proteins specific to coronary high-risk plaques. Fifty-one patients (71.2 ± 11.1 years, male: 66.7%) who underwent intracoronary optical coherence tomography imaging and provided blood specimens for proteomic analysis were prospectively enrolled. A total of 1470 plasma proteins were analyzed per patient using the Olink® Explore 1536 Reagent Kit. In patients with thin-cap fibroatheroma, the protein expression of Calretinin (CALB2), Corticoliberin (CRH) and Alkaline phosphatase, placental type (ALPP) were significantly increased, while the expression of Neuroplastin (NPTN), Folate receptor gamma (FOLR3) and Serpin A12 (SERPINA12) were significantly decreased. In patients with macrophage infiltration, the protein expressions of Fatty acid-binding protein, intestinal (FABP2), and Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) were significantly decreased. In patients with lipid-rich plaques, the protein expression of Interleukin-17 C (IL17C) was significantly increased, while the expression of Fc receptor-like protein 3 (FCRL3) was significantly decreased. These proteins might be useful markers in identifying patients with coronary high-risk plaques. Clinical Trial Registration: https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/ , UMIN000041692.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Niida
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haruhito Yuki
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keishi Suzuki
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daisuke Kinoshita
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daichi Fujimoto
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Akihiro Nakajima
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, New Tokyo Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Iris McNulty
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hang Lee
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kahraman Tanriverdi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sunao Nakamura
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, New Tokyo Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ik-Kyung Jang
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Allan and Gill Gray Professor of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 800, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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7
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Padhy D, Sharma S, Singh S. Andrographolide protect against lipopolysacharides induced vascular endothelium dysfunction by abrogation of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23632. [PMID: 38229310 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The development of heart disease involves interconnected factors such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular dysfunction. Andrographolide (AG), known for its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, has the potential to counteract lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced endothelial dysfunction by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Our research aimed to investigate the effects of AG on alleviating vascular endothelium dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation in an experimental model induced by LPS. To create chronic vascular endothelium dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress, rats received weekly injections of LPS via their tail vein over a 6-week period. The study evaluated the therapeutic effects of orally administered AG (50 mg/kg/day) on diseased conditions. We conducted aortic histology and measured nitric oxide (NO) thresholds, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, constitutive nitric oxide (cNOS) activity, and inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) levels, alongside several inflammatory biomarkers. To evaluate endothelial dysfunction, we assessed endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasorelaxation in aortas through histopathological and various immunoassays examinations. Vascular Endothelial inflammatory activity was consequently enhanced in LPS groups animals when compared to normal control, also endothelial performance were dependently improved by AG therapy. IL-1β and tumors necrosis factor levels in the aorta decreased in a dose-dependent manner after exogenous AG delivery to LPS-treated rats. However, in current research work aortic SOD activity, NO levels, and cNOS activity increased, whereas aortic malondialdehyde levels and iNOS activity decreased after the AG treatment. These findings suggest that long-term AG therapy could be considered as a potential therapy to avoid vascular endothelial dysfunction and major nonobstructive coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debiprasad Padhy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
| | - Satyam Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
| | - Sanjiv Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
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Rowe CJ, Nwaolu U, Salinas D, Hong J, Nunez J, Lansford JL, McCarthy CF, Potter BK, Levi BH, Davis TA. Inhibition of focal adhesion kinase 2 results in a macrophage polarization shift to M2 which attenuates local and systemic inflammation and reduces heterotopic ossification after polysystem extremity trauma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1280884. [PMID: 38116014 PMCID: PMC10728492 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1280884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a complex pathology often observed in combat injured casualties who have sustained severe, high energy polytraumatic extremity injuries. Once HO has developed, prophylactic therapies are limited outside of surgical excision. Tourniquet-induced ischemia injury (IR) exacerbates trauma-mediated musculoskeletal tissue injury, inflammation, osteogenic progenitor cell development and HO formation. Others have shown that focal adhesion kinase-2 (FAK2) plays a key role in regulating early inflammatory signaling events. Therefore, we hypothesized that targeting FAK2 prophylactically would mitigate extremity trauma induced IR inflammation and HO formation. Methods We tested whether the continuous infusion of a FAK2 inhibitor (Defactinib, PF-573228; 6.94 µg/kg/min for 14 days) can mitigate ectopic bone formation (HO) using an established blast-related extremity injury model involving femoral fracture, quadriceps crush injury, three hours of tourniquet-induced limb ischemia, and hindlimb amputation through the fracture site. Tissue inflammation, infiltrating cells, osteogenic progenitor cell content were assessed at POD-7. Micro-computed tomography imaging was used to quantify mature HO at POD-56. Results In comparison to vehicle control-treated rats, FAK2 administration resulted in no marked wound healing complications or weight loss. FAK2 treatment decreased HO by 43%. At POD-7, marked reductions in tissue proinflammatory gene expression and assayable osteogenic progenitor cells were measured, albeit no significant changes in expression patterns of angiogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic genes. At the same timepoint, injured tissue from FAK-treated rats had fewer infiltrating cells. Additionally, gene expression analyses of tissue infiltrating cells resulted in a more measurable shift from an M1 inflammatory to an M2 anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotype in the FAK2 inhibitor-treated group. Discussion Our findings suggest that FAK2 inhibition may be a novel strategy to dampen trauma-induced inflammation and attenuate HO in patients at high risk as a consequence of severe musculoskeletal polytrauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie J. Rowe
- Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Uloma Nwaolu
- Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Daniela Salinas
- Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jonathan Hong
- Center for Organogenesis Research and Trauma, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Johanna Nunez
- Center for Organogenesis Research and Trauma, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jefferson L. Lansford
- Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Conor F. McCarthy
- Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Benjamin K. Potter
- Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Benjamin H. Levi
- Center for Organogenesis Research and Trauma, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Thomas A. Davis
- Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Lin Y, Yang J, Yang Q, Zeng S, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Tong Y, Li L, Tan W, Chen D, Sun Q. PTK2B promotes TBK1 and STING oligomerization and enhances the STING-TBK1 signaling. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7567. [PMID: 37989995 PMCID: PMC10663505 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is a key kinase in regulating antiviral innate immune responses. While the oligomerization of TBK1 is critical for its full activation, the molecular mechanism of how TBK1 forms oligomers remains unclear. Here, we show that protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta (PTK2B) acts as a TBK1-interacting protein and regulates TBK1 oligomerization. Functional assays reveal that PTK2B depletion reduces antiviral signaling in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, macrophages and dendritic cells, and genetic experiments show that Ptk2b-deficient mice are more susceptible to viral infection than control mice. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that PTK2B directly phosphorylates residue Tyr591 of TBK1, which increases TBK1 oligomerization and activation. In addition, we find that PTK2B also interacts with the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and can promote its oligomerization in a kinase-independent manner. Collectively, PTK2B enhances the oligomerization of TBK1 and STING via different mechanisms, subsequently regulating STING-TBK1 activation to ensure efficient antiviral innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jia #3 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, 100101, Beijing, China
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, 100101, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jia #3 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, 100101, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, 100101, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Qili Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jia #3 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, 100101, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, 100101, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Sha Zeng
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jia #3 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, 100101, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, 100101, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanxiang Zhu
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Yuxin Tong
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jia #3 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, 100101, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jia #3 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, 100101, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Dahua Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China.
| | - Qinmiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jia #3 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, 100101, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, 100101, Beijing, China.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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10
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Steinberg T, Dieterle MP, Ramminger I, Klein C, Brossette J, Husari A, Tomakidi P. On the Value of In Vitro Cell Systems for Mechanobiology from the Perspective of Yes-Associated Protein/Transcriptional Co-Activator with a PDZ-Binding Motif and Focal Adhesion Kinase and Their Involvement in Wound Healing, Cancer, Aging, and Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12677. [PMID: 37628858 PMCID: PMC10454169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanobiology comprises how cells perceive different mechanical stimuli and integrate them into a process called mechanotransduction; therefore, the related mechanosignaling cascades are generally important for biomedical research. The ongoing discovery of key molecules and the subsequent elucidation of their roles in mechanobiology are fundamental to understanding cell responses and tissue conditions, such as homeostasis, aging, senescence, wound healing, and cancer. Regarding the available literature on these topics, it becomes abundantly clear that in vitro cell systems from different species and tissues have been and are extremely valuable tools for enabling the discovery and functional elucidation of key mechanobiological players. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the significant contributions of in vitro cell systems to the identification and characterization of three such key players using the selected examples of yes-associated protein (YAP), its paralog transcriptional co-activator with a PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and their involvement in wound healing, cancer, aging, and senescence. In addition, the reader is given suggestions as to which future prospects emerge from the in vitro studies discussed herein and which research questions still remain open.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Steinberg
- Center for Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Philipp Dieterle
- Center for Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Imke Ramminger
- Center for Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Klein
- Center for Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julie Brossette
- Center for Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ayman Husari
- Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Tomakidi
- Center for Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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11
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Murphy JM, Jeong K, Tran DTK, Cioffi DL, Campbell PM, Kim JH, Jo H, Ahn EYE, Lim STS. Nuclear FAK in endothelium: An intrinsic inhibitor of NF-κB activation in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2023; 379:117189. [PMID: 37527611 PMCID: PMC10530536 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hyperlipidemia leads to the accumulation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) within the vessel wall where it causes chronic inflammation in endothelial cells (ECs) and drives atherosclerotic lesions. Although focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is critical in proinflammatory NF-κB activation in ECs, it is unknown if hyperlipidemia alters FAK-mediated NF-κB activity in vivo to affect atherosclerosis progression. METHODS We investigated changes in EC FAK and NF-κB activation using Apoe-/- mice fed a western diet (WD). Both pharmacological FAK inhibition and EC-specific FAK inhibited mouse models were utilized. FAK and NF-κB localization and activity were also analyzed in human atherosclerotic samples. RESULTS ECs of hyperlipidemic mice clearly showed much higher levels of FAK activation in the cytoplasm, which was associated with increased NF-κB activation compared to normal diet (ND) group. On the contrary, FAK is mostly localized in the nucleus and inactive in ECs under healthy conditions with a low NF-κB activity. Both pharmacological and EC-specific genetic FAK inhibition in WD fed Apoe-/- mice exhibited a significant decrease in FAK activity and cytoplasmic localization, NF-κB activation, macrophage recruitment, and atherosclerotic lesions compared to the vehicle or FAK wild-type groups. Analyses of human atherosclerotic specimens revealed a positive correlation between increased active cytoplasmic FAK within ECs and NF-κB activation in the lesions. CONCLUSIONS Hyperlipidemic conditions activate NF-κB pathway by increasing EC FAK activity and cytoplasmic localization in mice and human atherosclerotic samples. As FAK inhibition can efficiently reduce vascular inflammation and atherosclerotic lesions in mice by reversing EC FAK localization and NF-κB activation, these findings support a potential use for FAK inhibitors in treating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Murphy
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Kyuho Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Duyen Thi Kieu Tran
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Donna L Cioffi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Pamela Moore Campbell
- Department of Pathology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, 36617, USA
| | - Jin H Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Department of Bioengineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Eun-Young Erin Ahn
- Department of Pathology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Ssang-Taek Steve Lim
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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12
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Li X, Ormsby MJ, Fallata G, Meikle LM, Walker D, Xu D, Wall DM. PF-431396 hydrate inhibition of kinase phosphorylation during adherent-invasive Escherichia coli infection inhibits intra-macrophage replication and inflammatory cytokine release. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2023; 169. [PMID: 37311220 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) have been implicated in the aetiology of Crohn's disease (CD). They are characterized by an ability to adhere to and invade intestinal epithelial cells, and to replicate intracellularly in macrophages resulting in inflammation. Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2) has previously been identified as a risk locus for inflammatory bowel disease and a regulator of intestinal inflammation. It is overexpressed in patients with colorectal cancer, a major long-term complication of CD. Here we show that Pyk2 levels are significantly increased during AIEC infection of murine macrophages while the inhibitor PF-431396 hydrate, which blocks Pyk2 activation, significantly decreased intramacrophage AIEC numbers. Imaging flow cytometry indicated that Pyk2 inhibition blocked intramacrophage replication of AIEC with no change in the overall number of infected cells, but a significant reduction in bacterial burden per cell. This reduction in intracellular bacteria resulted in a 20-fold decrease in tumour necrosis factor α secretion by cells post-AIEC infection. These data demonstrate a key role for Pyk2 in modulating AIEC intracellular replication and associated inflammation and may provide a new avenue for future therapeutic intervention in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Michael J Ormsby
- School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
- Present address: Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK49 4LA, UK
| | - Ghaith Fallata
- School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
- Department of Basic Science, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lynsey M Meikle
- School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Daniel Walker
- Strathclyde Institute for Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Damo Xu
- School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Daniel M Wall
- School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
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13
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Jin B, Wang J, Chen Y, Zuo W, Hong B, Li J, Huang F, Zhang M, Wang Y. Focal adhesion kinase induces cardiac remodeling through NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110280. [PMID: 37216798 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia-induced chronic inflammation is a crucial risk factor that causes undesirable cardiac alternations in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase that primarily regulates cell adhesion and migration. Based on recent studies, FAK is involved in inflammatory signaling pathway activation in cardiovascular diseases. Here, we evaluated the possibility of FAK as a therapeutic target for DCM. METHODS A small molecular selective FAKinhibitor, PND-1186 (PND), was used to evaluate the effect of FAK on DCM in both high glucose-stimulated cardiomyocytes and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) mice. RESULTS Increased FAK phosphorylation was found in the hearts of STZ-induced T1DM mice. PND treatment significantly decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines and fibrogenic markers in cardiac specimens of diabetic mice. Notably, these reductions were correlated with improved cardiac systolic function. Furthermore, PND suppressed transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) phosphorylation and NF-κB activation in the hearts of diabetic mice. Cardiomyocytes were identified as the main contributor to FAK-mediated cardiac inflammation and the involvement of FAK in cultured primary mouse cardiomyocytes and H9c2 cells was identified. Both FAK inhibition or FAK deficiency prevented hyperglycemia-induced inflammatory and fibrotic responses in cardiomyocytes owing to the inhibition of NF-κB. Herein, FAK activation was revealed to FAK directly binding to TAK1, leading to activation of TAK1 and downstream NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS FAK is a key regulator of diabetes-associated myocardial inflammatory injury by directly targeting to TAK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiong Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Zuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengpei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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14
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Haydinger CD, Ashander LM, Tan ACR, Smith JR. Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1: More than a Leukocyte Adhesion Molecule. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050743. [PMID: 37237555 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is a transmembrane protein in the immunoglobulin superfamily expressed on the surface of multiple cell populations and upregulated by inflammatory stimuli. It mediates cellular adhesive interactions by binding to the β2 integrins macrophage antigen 1 and leukocyte function-associated antigen 1, as well as other ligands. It has important roles in the immune system, including in leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium and transendothelial migration, and at the immunological synapse formed between lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells. ICAM-1 has also been implicated in the pathophysiology of diverse diseases from cardiovascular diseases to autoimmune disorders, certain infections, and cancer. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the structure and regulation of the ICAM1 gene and the ICAM-1 protein. We discuss the roles of ICAM-1 in the normal immune system and a selection of diseases to highlight the breadth and often double-edged nature of its functions. Finally, we discuss current therapeutics and opportunities for advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron D Haydinger
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Liam M Ashander
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Alwin Chun Rong Tan
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Justine R Smith
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
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15
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Yamanaka G, Hayashi K, Morishita N, Takeshita M, Ishii C, Suzuki S, Ishimine R, Kasuga A, Nakazawa H, Takamatsu T, Watanabe Y, Morichi S, Ishida Y, Yamazaki T, Go S. Experimental and Clinical Investigation of Cytokines in Migraine: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098343. [PMID: 37176049 PMCID: PMC10178908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of migraines is increasingly being recognized, and cytokines, which are important endogenous substances involved in immune and inflammatory responses, have also received attention. This review examines the current literature on neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of migraine. Elevated TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels have been identified in non-invasive mouse models with cortical spreading depolarization (CSD). Various mouse models to induce migraine attack-like symptoms also demonstrated elevated inflammatory cytokines and findings suggesting differences between episodic and chronic migraines and between males and females. While studies on human blood during migraine attacks have reported no change in TNF-α levels and often inconsistent results for IL-1β and IL-6 levels, serial analysis of cytokines in jugular venous blood during migraine attacks revealed consistently increased IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. In a study on the interictal period, researchers reported higher levels of TNF-α and IL-6 compared to controls and no change regarding IL-1β levels. Saliva-based tests suggest that IL-1β might be useful in discriminating against migraine. Patients with migraine may benefit from a cytokine perspective on the pathogenesis of migraine, as there have been several encouraging reports suggesting new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaku Yamanaka
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Kanako Hayashi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Natsumi Morishita
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Mika Takeshita
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Chiako Ishii
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Shinji Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Rie Ishimine
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Akiko Kasuga
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Haruka Nakazawa
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takamatsu
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yusuke Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Morichi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yu Ishida
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamazaki
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Soken Go
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
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16
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Hu H, Wang X, Huang Y, He B, Zhu J, Sun K, Deng C, Guo Y, Hao D, Jian B. Obacunone inhibits RANKL/M-CSF-mediated osteoclastogenesis by suppressing integrin- FAK-Src signaling. Cytokine 2023; 164:156134. [PMID: 36804257 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Disrupted osteoblastogenesis or aberrant activation of osteoclastogenesis usually results in the break of bone homeostasis thus causing bone-associated diseases like osteoporosis. Obacunone, as a natural compound present in citrus fruits, has been demonstrated for various biological activities including anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the role of obacunone in regulating osteoclastogenesis has not been elucidated so far. Here, using in vitro cell models of RANKL (Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand) and M-CSF (Macrophage-colony-stimulating factor)-induced osteoclastogenesis, we showed that obacunone inhibited osteoclast differentiation in RAW264.7 cells and bone marrow macrophages (BMMs), as evidenced by obacunone dose-dependent reduction in numbers of osteoclasts and downregulated expressions of osteoclastogenesis-associated key genes. The anti-osteoclastic properties of obacunone were associated with downregulated expressions of Integrin α1 and attenuated activation of Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Steroid receptor coactivator (Src) signaling. Functional Integrin α1 blockade or FAK-Src inhibition suppressed RANKL/M-CSF-induced osteoclastogenesis, while Integrin α1 overexpression or FAK/Src activation partially attenuated obacunone's effects on suppressing RANKL/M-CSF-induced osteoclast differentiation. Furthermore, in vivo administration of obacunone displayed super therapeutic effects in attenuating ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice, as indicated by decreases in serum biomarkers of bone turnover, restoring of femur fracture maximum force, and reversing of the worsened bone-related parameters in ovariectomized animals. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that obacunone has pharmacological activities to suppress osteoclast differentiation through modulating the Integrin-FAK-Src pathway, and suggest that obacunone is a therapeutic candidate for the treatment and prevention of bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, No.555 Youyi East Road, Beilin District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, No.555 Youyi East Road, Beilin District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Yansheng Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, No.555 Youyi East Road, Beilin District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Baorong He
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, No.555 Youyi East Road, Beilin District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Jinwen Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, No.555 Youyi East Road, Beilin District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, No.555 Youyi East Road, Beilin District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Chaoyang Deng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, No.555 Youyi East Road, Beilin District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Yunshan Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, No.555 Youyi East Road, Beilin District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, No.555 Youyi East Road, Beilin District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province 710054, China.
| | - Bin Jian
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine and West Medicine, Honghui Hospital, No.555 Youyi East Road, Beilin District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province 710054, China.
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17
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Shaughness MC, Pierron N, Smith AN, Byrnes KR. The Integrin Pathway Partially Mediates Stretch-Induced Deficits in Primary Rat Microglia. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3396-3412. [PMID: 36856961 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03291-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Stretch-injured microglia display significantly altered morphology, function and inflammatory-associated gene expression when cultured on a synthetic fibronectin substrate. However, the mechanism by which stretch induces these changes is unknown. Integrins, such as α5β1, mediate microglial attachment to fibronectin via the RGD binding peptide; following integrin ligation the integrin-associated signaling enzyme, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), autophosphorylates tyrosine residue 397 and mediates multiple downstream cellular processes. We therefore hypothesize that blocking the RGD binding/integrin pathway with a commercially available RGD peptide will mimic the stretch-induced morphological alterations and functional deficits in microglia. Further, we hypothesize that upregulation of stretch-inhibited downstream integrin signaling will reverse these effects. Using primary rat microglia, we tested the effects of RGD binding peptide and a FAK activator on cellular function and structure and response to stretch-injury. Similar to injured cells, RGD peptide administration significantly decreases media nitric oxide (NO) levels and iNOS expression and induced morphological alterations and migratory deficits. While stretch-injury and RGD peptide administration decreased phosphorylation of the tyrosine 397 residue on FAK, 20 nM of ZINC 40099027, an activator specific to the tyrosine 397 residue, rescued the stretch-induced decrease in FAK phosphorylation and ameliorated the injury-induced decrease in media NO levels, iNOS expression and inflammatory associated gene expression. Additionally, treatment alleviated morphological changes observed after stretch-injury and restored normal migratory behavior to control levels. Taken together, these data suggest that the integrin/FAK pathway partially mediates the stretch-injured phenotype in microglia, and may serve as a pathway to modulate microglial responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Shaughness
- Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd., Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.,Operational and Undersea Medicine Directorate (OUMD), En Route & Critical Care Department (ECD), Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Nathan Pierron
- F.E. Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Austin N Smith
- Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd., Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Kimberly R Byrnes
- Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd., Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA. .,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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18
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IGFBP2 derived from PO-MSCs promote epithelial barrier destruction by activating FAK signaling in nasal polyps. iScience 2023; 26:106151. [PMID: 36866245 PMCID: PMC9972572 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The nasal polyps (NPs) microenvironment comprises multiple cell types, including mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) plays crucial roles in cell proliferation, differentiation and more. However, the role of NPs-derived MSCs (PO-MSCs) and IGFBP2 in NPs pathogenesis remains poorly defined. Herein, primary human nasal epithelial cells (pHNECs) and MSCs were extracted and cultured. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and soluble proteins were isolated to investigate the role of PO-MSCs on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and epithelial barrier function in NPs. Our data showed that IGFBP2, but not EVs from PO-MSCs (PO-MSCs-EVs), exhibited a crucial role in EMT and barrier destruction. Moreover, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling pathway is necessary for IGFBP2 to exert its functions in human and mice nasal epithelial mucosa. Altogether, these findings may improve the current understanding of the role of PO-MSCs in NPs microenvironment and ultimately contribute to the prevention and treatment of NPs.
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19
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Induced Inflammatory and Oxidative Markers in Cerebral Microvasculature by Mentally Depressive Stress. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:4206316. [PMID: 36852396 PMCID: PMC9966573 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4206316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is recognized as the leading cause of permanent disability worldwide. Depressive disorders are associated with increased incidence of CVD. The goal of this study was to establish a chronic restraint stress (CRS) model for mice and examine the effect of stress on cerebrovascular inflammation and oxidative stress responses. Methods A total of forty 6-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the CRS and control groups. In the CRS group (n = 20), mice were placed in a well-ventilated Plexiglas tube for 6 hours per day for 28 consecutive days. On day 29, open field tests (OFT) and sucrose preference tests (SPT) were performed to assess depressive-like behaviors for the two groups (n = 10/group). Macrophage infiltration into the brain tissue upon stress was analyzed by measuring expression of macrophage marker (CD68) with immunofluorescence in both the CRS and control groups (n = 10/group). Cerebral microvasculature was isolated from the CRS and controls (n = 10/group). mRNA and protein expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in the brain vessels were measured by real-time PCR and Western blot (n = 10/group). Reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) activities were quantified by ELISA to study the oxidative profile of the brain vessels (n = 10/group). Additionally, mRNA and protein expressions of NOX subunits (gp91phox, p47phox, p67phox, and p22phox) in the cerebrovascular endothelium were analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blot (n = 10/group). Results CRS decreased the total distances (p < 0.05) and the time spent in the center zone in OFT (p < 0.001) and sucrose preference test ratio in SPT (p < 0.01). Positive ratio of CD68+ was increased with CRS in the entire region of the brain (p < 0.001), reflecting increased macrophage infiltration. CRS increased the expression of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress in the cerebral microvasculature, including TNF-α (p < 0.001), IL-1β (p < 0.05), IL-6 (p < 0.05), VCAM-1 (p < 0.01), MCP-1 (p < 0.01), ROS (p < 0.001), and H2O2 (p < 0.001). NADPH oxidase (NOX) was activated by CRS (p < 0.01), and mRNA and protein expressions of NOX subunits (gp91phox, p47phox, p67phox, and p22phox) in brain microvasculature were found to be increased. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that CRS induces depressive stress and causes inflammatory and oxidative stress responses in the brain microvasculature.
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Liu Z, Xu D, Xu WX, Fei YJ, Wang DD, Deng F, Tang JH. Dietary patterns, nutritional status, and mortality risks among the elderly. Front Nutr 2022; 9:963060. [PMID: 36570143 PMCID: PMC9780274 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.963060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction While most epidemiological studies have focused on the effects of individual dietary patterns and nutritional status on health, the relationships between the combinations of these factors and patient prognosis requires further investigation. Objective This study explored mortality risk in individuals with different combinations of dietary patterns or nutritional status. Methods Unsupervised K-means clustering was used to classify populations. The analyses included Cox proportional risk and competing risk models. Results After considering a complex sampling design, the results showed that among 12,724 participants aged >60 years, 6.99% died from cancer and 10.47% from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (CCVD). After correcting for participant baseline information and chronic conditions, the geriatric nutritional risk index and healthy eating index (HEI) were negatively associated with the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality. The opposite was true for the dietary inflammatory index (DII). After sorting the population three clusters based on study scores showed higher risks of all-cause mortality and cancer-related death in Cluster 2 and 3. Discussion These results suggest that different nutritional status and dietary patterns are associated with the risk of all-cause mortality and death from cancer and CCVD in people aged >60 years in the United States. Dietary patterns with high HEI and low DII were beneficial to health, whereas nutritional status needs to be maintained at a level that is not too low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Di Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-xiu Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin-jiao Fei
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan-dan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Pukou Branch of Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Fei Deng,
| | - Jin-hai Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Jin-hai Tang,
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21
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Fakhri S, Moradi SZ, Nouri Z, Cao H, Wang H, Khan H, Xiao J. Modulation of integrin receptor by polyphenols: Downstream Nrf2-Keap1/ARE and associated cross-talk mediators in cardiovascular diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1592-1616. [PMID: 36073725 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2118226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
As a group of heterodimeric and transmembrane glycoproteins, integrin receptors are widely expressed in various cell types overall the body. During cardiovascular dysfunction, integrin receptors apply inhibitory effects on the antioxidative pathways, including nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-Kelch like ECH Associated Protein 1 (Keap1)/antioxidant response element (ARE) and interconnected mediators. As such, dysregulation in integrin signaling pathways influences several aspects of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as heart failure, arrhythmia, angina, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, platelet aggregation and coagulation. So, modulation of integrin pathway could trigger the downstream antioxidant pathways toward cardioprotection. Regarding the involvement of multiple aforementioned mediators in the pathogenesis of CVDs, as well as the side effects of conventional drugs, seeking for novel alternative drugs is of great importance. Accordingly, the plant kingdom could pave the road in the treatment of CVDs. Of natural entities, polyphenols are multi-target and accessible phytochemicals with promising potency and low levels of toxicity. The present study aims at providing the cardioprotective roles of integrin receptors and downstream antioxidant pathways in heart failure, arrhythmia, angina, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, platelet aggregation and coagulation. The potential role of polyphenols has been also revealed in targeting the aforementioned dysregulated signaling mediators in those CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zeinab Nouri
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Effects of TEES-10®, a Mixture of Ethanol Extracts of Ligularia stenocephala Matsum. & Koidz. and Secale cereale L. Sprout, on Gingivitis and Periodontitis. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10080143. [PMID: 36005241 PMCID: PMC9406350 DOI: 10.3390/dj10080143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gingivitis and periodontitis are inflammatory disorders caused by dental plaque and calculus. These disorders often lead to tooth loss if not treated properly. Although antibiotics can be used, it is hard to treat them due to the difficulty in supplying effective doses of antibiotics to lesion areas and side effects associated with long-term use of antibiotics. In the present study, attempts were made to provide in vitro and in vivo evidence to support anti-inflammatory activities of TEES-10®, a mixture of ethanol extracts of Ligularia stenocephala (LSE) and Secale cereale L. sprout (SCSE) toward gingivitis and periodontitis by performing the following experiments. TEES-10® with a ratio of 6:4 (LSE:SCSE) showed the best effects in both stimulating the viability and inhibiting the cytotoxicity. In in vitro experiments, TEES-10® showed an ability to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and superoxide radicals and remove ROS generated in periodontal ligament cells treated with lipopolysaccharide. TEES-10® also enhanced the viability of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth and stimulated the osteogenic differentiation of deciduous teeth cells. In in vivo experiments using rats with induced periodontitis, TEES-10® significantly decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and the numbers of osteoclasts, increased alveolar process volume and the numbers of osteoblasts, decreased serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α (pro-inflammatory cytokines), and increased serum levels of IL-10 and IL-13 (anti-inflammatory cytokines). These results strongly support the theory that TEES-10® has the potential to be developed as a health functional food that can treat and prevent gingival and periodontal diseases and improve dental health.
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Houttuynia cordata polysaccharide alleviates chronic vascular inflammation by suppressing calcium-sensing receptor in rats. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Jia L, Limeng D, Xiaoyin T, Junwen W, Xintong Z, Gang X, Yun B, Hong G. A Novel Splicing Mutation c.335-1 G > A in the Cardiac Transcription Factor NKX2-5 Leads to Familial Atrial Septal Defect Through miR-19 and PYK2. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2646-2661. [PMID: 35778654 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10400-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of NKX2-5 largely contribute to congenital heart diseases (CHDs), especially atrial septal defect (ASD). We identified a novel heterozygous splicing mutation c.335-1G > A in NKX2-5 gene in an ASD family via whole exome sequencing (WES) and linkage analysis. Utilizing the human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) as a disease model, we showed that haploinsufficiency of NKX2-5 contributed to aberrant orchestration of apoptosis and proliferation in ASD patient-derived hiPSC-CMs. RNA-seq profiling and dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that NKX2-5 acts upstream of PYK2 via miR-19a and miR-19b (miR-19a/b) to regulate cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Meanwhile, miR-19a/b are also downstream mediators of NKX2-5 during cardiomyocyte proliferation. The novel splicing mutation c.335-1G > A in NKX2-5 and its potential pathogenic roles in ASD were demonstrated. Our work provides clues not only for deep understanding of NKX2-5 in cardia development, but also for better knowledge in the molecular mechanisms of CHDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jia
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University, 30#, Gaotanyan St., Shapingba District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China, 400038
| | - Dai Limeng
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University, 30#, Gaotanyan St., Shapingba District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China, 400038
| | - Tan Xiaoyin
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University, 30#, Gaotanyan St., Shapingba District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China, 400038
| | - Wang Junwen
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University, 30#, Gaotanyan St., Shapingba District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China, 400038
| | - Zhu Xintong
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University, 30#, Gaotanyan St., Shapingba District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China, 400038
| | - Xiong Gang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bai Yun
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University, 30#, Gaotanyan St., Shapingba District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China, 400038.
| | - Guo Hong
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University, 30#, Gaotanyan St., Shapingba District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China, 400038.
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Wu X, Wang J, Liang Q, Tong R, Huang J, Yang X, Xu Y, Wang W, Sun M, Shi J. Recent progress on FAK inhibitors with dual targeting capabilities for cancer treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113116. [PMID: 35598365 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK, also known as PTK2) is a tyrosine kinase that regulates integrin and growth factor signaling pathways and is involved in the migration, proliferation and survival of cancer cells. FAK is a promising target for cancer treatment. Many small molecule FAK inhibitors have been identified and proven in both preclinical and clinical studies to be effective inhibitors of tumor growth and metastasis. There are many signaling pathways, such as those involving FAK, Src, AKT, MAPK, PI3K, and EGFR/HER-2, that provide survival signals in cancer cells. Dual inhibitors that simultaneously block FAK and another factor can significantly improve efficacy and overcome some of the shortcomings of single-target inhibitors, including drug resistance. In this review, the antitumor mechanisms and research status of dual inhibitors of FAK and other targets, such as Pyk2, IGF-IR, ALK, VEGFR-3, JAK2, EGFR, S6K1, and HDAC2, are summarized, providing new ideas for the development of effective FAK dual-target preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbo Wu
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, China
| | - Qi Liang
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
| | - Rongsheng Tong
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Jianli Huang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, China
| | - Xinwei Yang
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yihua Xu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Minghan Sun
- Central of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China.
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26
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Vega-Lugo J, da Rocha-Azevedo B, Dasgupta A, Jaqaman K. Analysis of conditional colocalization relationships and hierarchies in three-color microscopy images. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213216. [PMID: 35552363 PMCID: PMC9111757 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202106129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colocalization analysis of multicolor microscopy images is a cornerstone approach in cell biology. It provides information on the localization of molecules within subcellular compartments and allows the interrogation of known molecular interactions in their cellular context. However, almost all colocalization analyses are designed for two-color images, limiting the type of information that they reveal. Here, we describe an approach, termed "conditional colocalization analysis," for analyzing the colocalization relationships between three molecular entities in three-color microscopy images. Going beyond the question of whether colocalization is present or not, it addresses the question of whether the colocalization between two entities is influenced, positively or negatively, by their colocalization with a third entity. We benchmark the approach and showcase its application to investigate receptor-downstream adaptor colocalization relationships in the context of functionally relevant plasma membrane locations. The software for conditional colocalization analysis is available at https://github.com/kjaqaman/conditionalColoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Vega-Lugo
- Department of Biophysics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | | | | - Khuloud Jaqaman
- Department of Biophysics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Correspondence to Khuloud Jaqaman:
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27
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Luxen M, van Meurs M, Molema G. Unlocking the Untapped Potential of Endothelial Kinase and Phosphatase Involvement in Sepsis for Drug Treatment Design. Front Immunol 2022; 13:867625. [PMID: 35634305 PMCID: PMC9136877 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.867625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a devastating clinical condition that can lead to multiple organ failure and death. Despite advancements in our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying sepsis and sepsis-associated multiple organ failure, no effective therapeutic treatment to directly counteract it has yet been established. The endothelium is considered to play an important role in sepsis. This review highlights a number of signal transduction pathways involved in endothelial inflammatory activation and dysregulated endothelial barrier function in response to sepsis conditions. Within these pathways – NF-κB, Rac1/RhoA GTPases, AP-1, APC/S1P, Angpt/Tie2, and VEGF/VEGFR2 – we focus on the role of kinases and phosphatases as potential druggable targets for therapeutic intervention. Animal studies and clinical trials that have been conducted for this purpose are discussed, highlighting reasons why they might not have resulted in the expected outcomes, and which lessons can be learned from this. Lastly, opportunities and challenges that sepsis and sepsis-associated multiple organ failure research are currently facing are presented, including recommendations on improved experimental design to increase the translational power of preclinical research to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs Luxen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Matthijs Luxen,
| | - Matijs van Meurs
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Grietje Molema
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Alves GF, Aimaretti E, Einaudi G, Mastrocola R, de Oliveira JG, Collotta D, Porchietto E, Aragno M, Cifani C, Sordi R, Thiemermann C, Fernandes D, Collino M. Pharmacological Inhibition of FAK-Pyk2 Pathway Protects Against Organ Damage and Prolongs the Survival of Septic Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:837180. [PMID: 35178052 PMCID: PMC8843946 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.837180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis and septic shock are associated with high mortality and are considered one of the major public health concerns. The onset of sepsis is known as a hyper-inflammatory state that contributes to organ failure and mortality. Recent findings suggest a potential role of two non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases, namely Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2), in the inflammation associated with endometriosis, cancer, atherosclerosis and asthma. Here we investigate the role of FAK-Pyk2 in the pathogenesis of sepsis and the potential beneficial effects of the pharmacological modulation of this pathway by administering the potent reversible dual inhibitor of FAK and Pyk2, PF562271 (PF271) in a murine model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis. Five-month-old male C57BL/6 mice underwent CLP or Sham surgery and one hour after the surgical procedure, mice were randomly assigned to receive PF271 (25 mg/kg, s.c.) or vehicle. Twenty-four hours after surgery, organs and plasma were collected for analyses. In another group of mice, survival rate was assessed every 12 h over the subsequent 5 days. Experimental sepsis led to a systemic cytokine storm resulting in the formation of excessive amounts of both pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-17 and IL-6) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The systemic inflammatory response was accompanied by high plasma levels of ALT, AST (liver injury), creatinine, (renal dysfunction) and lactate, as well as a high, clinical severity score. All parameters were attenuated following PF271 administration. Experimental sepsis induced an overactivation of FAK and Pyk2 in liver and kidney, which was associated to p38 MAPK activation, leading to increased expression/activation of several pro-inflammatory markers, including the NLRP3 inflammasome complex, the adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin and the enzyme NOS-2 and myeloperoxidase. Treatment with PF271 inhibited FAK-Pyk2 activation, thus blunting the inflammatory abnormalities orchestrated by sepsis. Finally, PF271 significantly prolonged the survival of mice subjected to CLP-sepsis. Taken together, our data show for the first time that the FAK-Pyk2 pathway contributes to sepsis-induced inflammation and organ injury/dysfunction and that the pharmacological modulation of this pathway may represents a new strategy for the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Ferreira Alves
- Department of Neurosciences (Rita Levi Montalcini), University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Eleonora Aimaretti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giacomo Einaudi
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Raffaella Mastrocola
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Debora Collotta
- Department of Neurosciences (Rita Levi Montalcini), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Porchietto
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Manuela Aragno
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Carlo Cifani
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Regina Sordi
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Christoph Thiemermann
- William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Fernandes
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Massimo Collino
- Department of Neurosciences (Rita Levi Montalcini), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Yang J, Hao J, Lin Y, Guo Y, Liao K, Yang M, Cheng H, Yang M, Chen K. Profile and Functional Prediction of Plasma Exosome-Derived CircRNAs From Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients. Front Genet 2022; 13:810974. [PMID: 35360855 PMCID: PMC8963851 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.810974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the major causes of death and long-term disability, of which acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is the most common type. Although circular RNA (circRNA) expression profiles of AIS patients have been reported to be significantly altered in blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, the role of exosome-containing circRNAs after AIS is still unknown. Plasma exosomes from 10 AIS patients and 10 controls were isolated, and through microarray and bioinformatics analysis, the profile and putative function of circRNAs in the plasma exosomes were studied. A total of 198 circRNAs were differentially quantified (|log2 fold change| ≥ 1.00, p < 0.05) between AIS patients and controls. The levels of 12 candidate circRNAs were verified by qRT-PCR, and the quantities of 10 of these circRNAs were consistent with the data of microarray. The functions of host genes of differentially quantified circRNAs, including RNA and protein process, focal adhesion, and leukocyte transendothelial migration, were associated with the development of AIS. As a miRNA sponge, differentially quantified circRNAs had the potential to regulate pathways related to AIS, like PI3K-Akt, AMPK, and chemokine pathways. Of 198 differentially quantified circRNAs, 96 circRNAs possessing a strong translational ability could affect cellular structure and activity, like focal adhesion, tight junction, and endocytosis. Most differentially quantified circRNAs were predicted to bind to EIF4A3 and AGO2—two RNA-binding proteins (RBPs)—and to play a role in AIS. Moreover, four of ten circRNAs with verified levels by qRT-PCR (hsa_circ_0112036, hsa_circ_0066867, hsa_circ_0093708, and hsa_circ_0041685) were predicted to participate in processes of AIS, including PI3K-Akt, AMPK, and chemokine pathways as well as endocytosis, and to be potentially useful as diagnostic biomarkers for AIS. In conclusion, plasma exosome-derived circRNAs were significantly differentially quantified between AIS patients and controls and participated in the occurrence and progression of AIS by sponging miRNA/RBPs or translating into proteins, indicating that circRNAs from plasma exosomes could be crucial molecules in the pathogenesis of AIS and promising candidates as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Junli Hao
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yapeng Lin
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yijia Guo
- International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Liao
- International Clinical Research Center, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Kejie Chen
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Kejie Chen,
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Kim JS, Lim STS. LED Light-Induced ROS Differentially Regulates Focal Adhesion Kinase Activity in HaCaT Cell Viability. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:1235-1246. [PMID: 35723305 PMCID: PMC8947587 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44030082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, changes in cell signaling mechanisms in skin cells induced by various wavelengths and intensities of light-emitting diodes (LED) were investigated, focusing on the activity of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in particular. We examined the effect of LED irradiation on cell survival, the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the activity of various cell-signaling proteins. Red LED light increased cell viability at all intensities, whereas strong green and blue LED light reduced cell viability, and this effect was reversed by NAC or DPI treatment. Red LED light caused an increase in ROS formation according to the increase in the intensity of the LED light, and green and blue LED lights led to sharp increases in ROS formation. In the initial reaction to LEDs, red LED light only increased the phosphorylation of FAK and extracellular-signal regulated protein kinase (ERK), whereas green and blue LED lights increased the phosphorylation of inhibitory-κB Kinase α (IKKα), c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. The phosphorylation of these intracellular proteins was reduced via FAK inhibitor, NAC, and DPI treatments. Even after 24 h of LED irradiation, the activity of FAK and ERK appeared in cells treated with red LED light but did not appear in cells treated with green and blue LED lights. Furthermore, the activity of caspase-3 was confirmed along with cell detachment. Therefore, our results suggest that red LED light induced mitogenic effects via low levels of ROS–FAK–ERK, while green and blue LED lights induced cytotoxic effects via cellular stress and apoptosis signaling resulting from high levels of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Sub Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong 27909, Chungbuk, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-S.K.); (S.-T.S.L.)
| | - Ssang-Taek Steve Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
- Correspondence: (J.-S.K.); (S.-T.S.L.)
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31
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Su L, Zhao M, Ma F, An Z, Yue Q, Zhao C, Sun X, Zhang S, Xu J, Jiang X, Li K, Zhao L. A comparative assessment of e-cigarette aerosol extracts and tobacco cigarette smoke extracts on in vitro endothelial cell inflammation response. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221088996. [PMID: 35382644 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221088996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With the development of the times, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are being received by more and more people. We compared the different effects of e-cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with the typical e-cigarette aerosol extracts (ECA) and cigarette smoking extracts (CS) sourced from commercial retail stores. HUVECs were treated with different kinds of ECA or CS with different nicotinic concentrations (0.03125, 0.125, 0.5, 2, 8, or 32 μg/mL). Cell viability was examined by the MTT assay. The cell apoptosis was investigated by acridine orange (AO) and Hoechst 33258 staining. The RT-PCR and western blot assays were used to analyze the adhesion molecules and inflammation cytokines released by HUVECs. Furthermore, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed by fluorescence microscopy. Our data showed that the CS (nicotine concentration at 0.125 μg/mL could decrease the viability of HUVECs by 71%, but not the four kinds of ECA. The apoptotic ratio was about 32.5% in the CS group. No matter the levels of adhesion molecules, inflammation cytokines or ROS, they were higher in CS groups than in ECA groups. Overall, the four kinds of e-cigarettes induced significantly less cytotoxicity than the commercially available tobacco cigarettes in HUVECs. The CS showed the most severe impact on HUVECs. ECA might provide a harm reduction measure, especially in cardiovascular risk, after people switch from tobacco cigarettes to e-cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, 12689Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Minghan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, 12689Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Feifan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, 12689Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zaiyong An
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, 12689Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Qiulin Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, 12689Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, 12689Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, 12689Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, 12689Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Shenzhen RELX Tech. Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Kunlun Li
- Jinan Hangchen Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, 12689Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
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Afriyie-Asante A, Dabla A, Dagenais A, Berton S, Smyth R, Sun J. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Exploits Focal Adhesion Kinase to Induce Necrotic Cell Death and Inhibit Reactive Oxygen Species Production. Front Immunol 2021; 12:742370. [PMID: 34745115 PMCID: PMC8564185 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.742370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a deadly, contagious respiratory disease that is caused by the pathogenic bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Mtb is adept at manipulating and evading host immunity by hijacking alveolar macrophages, the first line of defense against inhaled pathogens, by regulating the mode and timing of host cell death. It is established that Mtb infection actively blocks apoptosis and instead induces necrotic-like modes of cell death to promote disease progression. This survival strategy shields the bacteria from destruction by the immune system and antibiotics while allowing for the spread of bacteria at opportunistic times. As such, it is critical to understand how Mtb interacts with host macrophages to manipulate the mode of cell death. Herein, we demonstrate that Mtb infection triggers a time-dependent reduction in the expression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in human macrophages. Using pharmacological perturbations, we show that inhibition of FAK (FAKi) triggers an increase in a necrotic form of cell death during Mtb infection. In contrast, genetic overexpression of FAK (FAK+) completely blocked macrophage cell death during Mtb infection. Using specific inhibitors of necrotic cell death, we show that FAK-mediated cell death during Mtb infection occurs in a RIPK1-depedent, and to a lesser extent, RIPK3-MLKL-dependent mechanism. Consistent with these findings, FAKi results in uncontrolled replication of Mtb, whereas FAK+ reduces the intracellular survival of Mtb in macrophages. In addition, we demonstrate that enhanced control of intracellular Mtb replication by FAK+ macrophages is a result of increased production of antibacterial reactive oxygen species (ROS) as inhibitors of ROS production restored Mtb burden in FAK+ macrophages to same levels as in wild-type cells. Collectively, our data establishes FAK as an important host protective response during Mtb infection to block necrotic cell death and induce ROS production, which are required to restrict the survival of Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrakoma Afriyie-Asante
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ankita Dabla
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Amy Dagenais
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Stefania Berton
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Robin Smyth
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jim Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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33
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Singh M, Thakur M, Mishra M, Yadav M, Vibhuti R, Menon AM, Nagda G, Dwivedi VP, Dakal TC, Yadav V. Gene regulation of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1): A molecule with multiple functions. Immunol Lett 2021; 240:123-136. [PMID: 34715236 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is one of the most extensively studied inducible cell adhesion molecules which is responsible for several immune functions like T cell activation, extravasation, inflammation, etc. The molecule is constitutively expressed over the cell surface and is regulated up / down in response to inflammatory mediators like cellular stress, proinflammatory cytokines, viral infection. These stimuli modulate the expression of ICAM-1 primarily through regulating the ICAM-1 gene transcription. On account of the presence of various binding sites for NF-κB, AP-1, SP-1, and many other transcription factors, the architecture of the ICAM-1 promoter become complex. Transcription factors in union with other transcription factors, coactivators, and suppressors promote their assembly in a stereospecific manner on ICAM-1 promoter which mediates ICAM-1 regulation in response to different stimuli. Along with transcriptional regulation, epigenetic modifications also play a pivotal role in controlling ICAM-1 expression on different cell types. In this review, we summarize the regulation of ICAM-1 expression both at the transcriptional as well as post-transcriptional level with an emphasis on transcription factors and signaling pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067 India
| | - Mony Thakur
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana-123031 India
| | - Manish Mishra
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research- Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh-160036 India
| | - Manisha Yadav
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research- Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh-160036 India
| | - Rajkamal Vibhuti
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana-123031 India
| | - Athira M Menon
- Genome and computational Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001 India
| | - Girima Nagda
- Department of Zoology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan-313001 India
| | - Ved Prakash Dwivedi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, ICGEB Campus, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067 India
| | - Tikam Chand Dakal
- Genome and computational Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001 India
| | - Vinod Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana-123031 India
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34
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Pokharel SM, Chiok K, Shil NK, Mohanty I, Bose S. Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha utilizes MAPK/NFκB pathways to induce cholesterol-25 hydroxylase for amplifying pro-inflammatory response via 25-hydroxycholesterol-integrin-FAK pathway. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257576. [PMID: 34551004 PMCID: PMC8457477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exaggerated inflammatory response results in pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF) is a multi-functional pro-inflammatory cytokine regulating a wide spectrum of physiological, biological, and cellular processes. TNF induces Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) for various activities including induction of pro-inflammatory response. The mechanism of FAK activation by TNF is unknown and the involvement of cell surface integrins in modulating TNF response has not been determined. In the current study, we have identified an oxysterol 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC) as a soluble extracellular lipid amplifying TNF mediated innate immune pro-inflammatory response. Our results demonstrated that 25HC-integrin-FAK pathway amplifies and optimizes TNF-mediated pro-inflammatory response. 25HC generating enzyme cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (C25H) was induced by TNF via NFκB and MAPK pathways. Specifically, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay identified binding of AP-1 (Activator Protein-1) transcription factor ATF2 (Activating Transcription Factor 2) to the C25H promoter following TNF stimulation. Furthermore, loss of C25H, FAK and α5 integrin expression and inhibition of FAK and α5β1 integrin with inhibitor and blocking antibody, respectively, led to diminished TNF-mediated pro-inflammatory response. Thus, our studies show extracellular 25HC linking TNF pathway with integrin-FAK signaling for optimal pro-inflammatory activity and MAPK/NFκB-C25H-25HC-integrin-FAK signaling network playing an essential role to amplify TNF dependent pro-inflammatory response. Thus, we have identified 25HC as the key factor involved in FAK activation during TNF mediated response and further demonstrated a role of cell surface integrins in positively regulating TNF dependent pro-inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swechha M. Pokharel
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kim Chiok
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Niraj K. Shil
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Indira Mohanty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Santanu Bose
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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35
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Murphy JM, Jeong K, Cioffi DL, Campbell PM, Jo H, Ahn EYE, Lim STS. Focal Adhesion Kinase Activity and Localization is Critical for TNF-α-Induced Nuclear Factor-κB Activation. Inflammation 2021; 44:1130-1144. [PMID: 33527321 PMCID: PMC8326009 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
While sustained nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation is critical for proinflammatory molecule expression, regulators of NF-κB activity during chronic inflammation are not known. We investigated the role of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) on sustained NF-κB activation in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-stimulated endothelial cells (ECs) both in vitro and in vivo. We found that FAK inhibition abolished TNF-α-mediated sustained NF-κB activity in ECs by disrupting formation of TNF-α receptor complex-I (TNFRC-I). Additionally, FAK inhibition diminished recruitment of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) and the inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) kinase (IKK) complex to TNFRC-I, resulting in elevated stability of IκBα protein. In mice given TNF-α, pharmacological and genetic FAK inhibition blocked TNF-α-induced IKK-NF-κB activation in aortic ECs. Mechanistically, TNF-α activated and redistributed FAK from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, causing elevated IKK-NF-κB activation. On the other hand, FAK inhibition trapped FAK in the nucleus of ECs even upon TNF-α stimulation, leading to reduced IKK-NF-κB activity. Together, these findings support a potential use for FAK inhibitors in treating chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, 5851 N. USA Drive, Room 2366, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Kyuho Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, 5851 N. USA Drive, Room 2366, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Donna L Cioffi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, 5851 N. USA Drive, Room 2366, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Pamela Moore Campbell
- Department of Pathology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, 36617, USA
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Bioengineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Eun-Young Erin Ahn
- Department of Pathology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Ssang-Taek Steve Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, 5851 N. USA Drive, Room 2366, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA.
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36
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Chen Y, Li R, Shang S, Yang X, Li L, Wang W, Wang Y. Therapeutic Potential of TNFα and IL1β Blockade for CRS/ICANS in CAR-T Therapy via Ameliorating Endothelial Activation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:623610. [PMID: 34093519 PMCID: PMC8170323 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.623610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) strongly hampered the broad clinical applicability of chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy. Vascular endothelial activation has been suggested to contribute to the development of CRS and ICANS after CAR-T therapy. However, therapeutic strategies targeting endothelial dysfunction during CAR-T therapy have not been well studied yet. Here, we found that tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) produced by CAR-T cells upon tumor recognition and interleukin 1β (IL1β) secreted by activated myeloid cells were the main cytokines in inducing endothelial activation. Therefore, we investigated the potential effectiveness of TNFα and IL1β signaling blockade on endothelial activation in CAR-T therapy. The blockade of TNFα and IL1β with adalimumab and anti-IL1β antibody respectively, as well as the application of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor, effectively ameliorated endothelial activation induced by CAR-T, tumor cells, and myeloid cells. Moreover, adalimumab and anti-IL1β antibody exerted synergistic effect on the prevention of endothelial activation induced by CAR-T, tumor cells, and myeloid cells. Our results indicate that TNFα and IL1β blockade might have therapeutic potential for the treatment of CAR-T therapy-associated CRS and neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshuo Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ranran Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siqi Shang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejiao Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueying Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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37
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Erkens R, Totzeck M, Brum A, Duse D, Bøtker HE, Rassaf T, Kelm M. Endothelium-dependent remote signaling in ischemia and reperfusion: Alterations in the cardiometabolic continuum. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 165:265-281. [PMID: 33497796 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intact endothelial function plays a fundamental role for the maintenance of cardiovascular (CV) health. The endothelium is also involved in remote signaling pathway-mediated protection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the transfer of these protective signals into clinical practice has been hampered by the complex metabolic alterations frequently observed in the cardiometabolic continuum, which affect redox balance and inflammatory pathways. Despite recent advances in determining the distinct roles of hyperglycemia, insulin resistance (InR), hyperinsulinemia, and ultimately diabetes mellitus (DM), which define the cardiometabolic continuum, our understanding of how these conditions modulate endothelial signaling remains challenging. It is widely accepted that endothelial cells (ECs) undergo functional changes within the cardiometabolic continuum. Beyond vascular tone and platelet-endothelium interaction, endothelial dysfunction may have profound negative effects on outcome during I/R. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the influence of hyperglycemia, InR, hyperinsulinemia, and DM on endothelial function and redox balance, their influence on remote protective signaling pathways, and their impact on potential therapeutic strategies to optimize protective heterocellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Erkens
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Matthias Totzeck
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Amanda Brum
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dragos Duse
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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38
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Oh Y, Yang S, Liu X, Jana S, Izaddoustdar F, Gao X, Debi R, Kim DK, Kim KH, Yang P, Kassiri Z, Lakin R, Backx PH. Transcriptomic Bioinformatic Analyses of Atria Uncover Involvement of Pathways Related to Strain and Post-translational Modification of Collagen in Increased Atrial Fibrillation Vulnerability in Intensely Exercised Mice. Front Physiol 2020; 11:605671. [PMID: 33424629 PMCID: PMC7793719 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.605671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most common supraventricular tachyarrhythmia that is typically associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and poor cardiovascular health. Paradoxically, endurance athletes are also at risk for AF. While it is well-established that persistent AF is associated with atrial fibrosis, hypertrophy and inflammation, intensely exercised mice showed similar adverse atrial changes and increased AF vulnerability, which required tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling, even though ventricular structure and function improved. To identify some of the molecular factors underlying the chamber-specific and TNF-dependent atrial changes induced by exercise, we performed transcriptome analyses of hearts from wild-type and TNF-knockout mice following exercise for 2 days, 2 or 6 weeks of exercise. Consistent with the central role of atrial stretch arising from elevated venous pressure in AF promotion, all 3 time points were associated with differential regulation of genes in atria linked to mechanosensing (focal adhesion kinase, integrins and cell-cell communications), extracellular matrix (ECM) and TNF pathways, with TNF appearing to play a permissive, rather than causal, role in gene changes. Importantly, mechanosensing/ECM genes were only enriched, along with tubulin- and hypertrophy-related genes after 2 days of exercise while being downregulated at 2 and 6 weeks, suggesting that early reactive strain-dependent remodeling with exercise yields to compensatory adjustments. Moreover, at the later time points, there was also downregulation of both collagen genes and genes involved in collagen turnover, a pattern mirroring aging-related fibrosis. By comparison, twofold fewer genes were differentially regulated in ventricles vs. atria, independently of TNF. Our findings reveal that exercise promotes TNF-dependent atrial transcriptome remodeling of ECM/mechanosensing pathways, consistent with increased preload and atrial stretch seen with exercise. We propose that similar preload-dependent mechanisms are responsible for atrial changes and AF in both CVD patients and athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yena Oh
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sibao Yang
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xueyan Liu
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Sayantan Jana
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Xiaodong Gao
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan Debi
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dae-Kyum Kim
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kyoung-Han Kim
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Robert Lakin
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter H Backx
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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39
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Pawliński Ł, Polus A, Tobór E, Sordyl M, Kopka M, Solnica B, Kieć-Wilk B. MiRNA Expression in Patients with Gaucher Disease Treated with Enzyme Replacement Therapy. Life (Basel) 2020; 11:life11010002. [PMID: 33375048 PMCID: PMC7822051 DOI: 10.3390/life11010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The aim of the work was to establish potential biomarkers or drug targets by analysing changes in miRNA concentration among patients with Gaucher disease (GD) compared to in healthy subjects. Methods: This study was an observational, cross-sectional analysis of 30 adult participants: 10 controls and 20 adults with GD type 1. Patients with GD type 1 were treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for at least two years. The control group was composed of healthy volunteers, unrelated to the patients, adjusted with age, sex and body mass index (BMI). The miRNA alteration between these groups was examined. After obtaining preliminary results on a group of six GD patients by the high-output method (TaqMan low-density array (TLDA)), potential miRNAs were selected for confirming the results by using the qRT-PCR method. With Diane Tools, we analysed miRNAs of which differential expression is most significant and their potential role in GD pathophysiology. We also determined the essential pathways these miRNAs are involved in. Results: 266 dysregulated miRNAs were found among 753 tested. Seventy-eight miRNAs were downregulated, and 188 were upregulated. Thirty miRNAs were significantly altered; all of them were upregulated. The analysis of pathways regulated by the selected miRNAs showed an effect on bone development, inflammation or regulation of axonal transmission in association with Parkinson’s disease. Conclusions: We revealed few miRNAs, like miR-26-5p, which are highly altered and fit the GD pathophysiological model, might be considered as novel biomarkers of disease progression but need further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Pawliński
- Clinical Department of Metabolic Diseases and Diabetology, University Hospital in Krakow, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (Ł.P.); (E.T.); (M.K.)
- European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Disorders (MetabERN), 31-501 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Polus
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.P.); (M.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Ewa Tobór
- Clinical Department of Metabolic Diseases and Diabetology, University Hospital in Krakow, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (Ł.P.); (E.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Maria Sordyl
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.P.); (M.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Marianna Kopka
- Clinical Department of Metabolic Diseases and Diabetology, University Hospital in Krakow, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (Ł.P.); (E.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Bogdan Solnica
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.P.); (M.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Beata Kieć-Wilk
- Clinical Department of Metabolic Diseases and Diabetology, University Hospital in Krakow, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (Ł.P.); (E.T.); (M.K.)
- European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Disorders (MetabERN), 31-501 Kraków, Poland
- Department of Metabolic Diseases and Diabetology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Dayang EZ, Luxen M, Kuiper T, Yan R, Rangarajan S, van Meurs M, Moser J, Molema G. Pharmacological inhibition of focal adhesion kinase 1 (FAK1) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) identified via kinome profile analysis attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial inflammatory activation. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:111073. [PMID: 33378972 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition often leading to multiple organ failure for which currently no pharmacological treatment is available. Endothelial cells (EC) are among the first cells to respond to pathogens and inflammatory mediators in sepsis and might be a sentinel target to prevent the occurrence of multiple organ failure. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a Gram-negative bacterial component that induces endothelial expression of inflammatory adhesion molecules, cytokines, and chemokines. This expression is regulated by a network of kinases, the result of which in vivo enables leukocytes to transmigrate from the blood into the underlying tissue, causing organ damage. We hypothesised that besides the known kinase pathways, other kinases are involved in the regulation of EC in response to LPS, and that these can be pharmacologically targeted to inhibit cell activation. Using kinome profiling, we identified 58 tyrosine kinases (TKs) that were active in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) at various timepoints after stimulation with LPS. These included AXL tyrosine kinase (Axl), focal adhesion kinase 1 (FAK1), and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). Using siRNA-based gene knock down, we confirmed that these three TKs mediate LPS-induced endothelial inflammatory activation. Pharmacological inhibition with FAK1 inhibitor FAK14 attenuated LPS-induced endothelial inflammatory activation and leukocyte adhesion partly via blockade of NF-κB activity. Administration of FAK14 after EC exposure to LPS also resulted in inhibition of inflammatory molecule expression. In contrast, inhibition of ALK with FDA-approved inhibitor Ceritinib attenuated LPS-induced endothelial inflammatory activation via a pathway that was independent of NF-κB signalling while it did not affect leukocyte adhesion. Furthermore, Ceritinib administration after start of EC exposure to LPS did not inhibit inflammatory activation. Combined FAK1 and ALK inhibition attenuated LPS-induced endothelial activation in an additive manner, without affecting leukocyte adhesion. Summarising, our findings suggest the involvement of FAK1 and ALK in mediating LPS-induced inflammatory activation of EC. Since pharmacological inhibition of FAK1 attenuated endothelial inflammatory activation after the cells were exposed to LPS, FAK1 represents a promising target for follow up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna-Zulaikha Dayang
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Luxen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Critical Care, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Timara Kuiper
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rui Yan
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Matijs van Meurs
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Critical Care, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jill Moser
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Critical Care, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Grietje Molema
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Chao S, Xu Q, Dong S, Guo M, Liu X, Cheng X. Polygala fallax Hemsl combined with compound Sanqi granules relieves glomerulonephritis by regulating proliferation and apoptosis of glomerular mesangial cells. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060519894124. [PMID: 32000547 PMCID: PMC7114294 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519894124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Glomerulonephritis is a serious kidney disease that can induce end-stage renal failure. The aberrant proliferation of mesangial cells is a cause of glomerulonephritis. Traditional Chinese medicines, such as Astragalus and Salvia miltrorrhiza, play important roles in the treatment of kidney-related diseases. However, the effects of a combination of Astragalus and S. miltrorrhiza-containing traditional Chinese medicines (Polygala fallax Hemsl and compound Sanqi granules) on glomerulonephritis are unclear. Methods HRM cells (human mesangial cells) were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide to simulate glomerulonephritis. Separately, compound Sanqi granules and P. fallax Hemsl were administered to nude mice in various combinations. Serum was collected from the treated mice and added to HRM cells; the proliferation and apoptosis characteristics of the cells were assessed. Results The proliferation of HRM cells was inhibited after exposure to serum from treated mice. Exposure to serum from treated mice moderately induced apoptosis of HRM cells and lowered the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Conclusions Combination treatment with compound Sanqi granules and P. fallax Hemsl exerts a therapeutic effect on glomerulonephritis by inhibiting the proliferation of mesangial cells, while inducing apoptosis in those cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Chao
- Guangdong Yifang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Foshan, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Shaoning Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Guo
- Wuqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xusheng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueren Cheng
- Guangdong Yifang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Foshan, China
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Kanda M, Shimizu D, Sawaki K, Nakamura S, Umeda S, Miwa T, Tanaka H, Tanaka C, Hayashi M, Iguchi Y, Yamada S, Katsuno M, Kodera Y. Therapeutic monoclonal antibody targeting of neuronal pentraxin receptor to control metastasis in gastric cancer. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:131. [PMID: 32847597 PMCID: PMC7448342 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01251-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controlling metastasis is essential for improving the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer (GC). Here, we aimed to identify a molecule required for GC metastasis and to investigate its potential utility as a target for the development of therapeutic antibodies (Abs). METHODS Transcriptome and bioinformatics analyses of human GC cell lines identified the neuronal pentraxin receptor (NPTXR) as a candidate molecule. NPTXR function was probed by modulating its expression in GC cells and assessing the effects on intracellular signaling and malignant behaviors in vitro and in mouse xenograft models. We also generated anti-NPTXR Abs and Nptxr-/- mice, and assessed the clinical significance of NPTXR expression in GC specimens. RESULTS NPTXR mRNA expression in clinical specimens was associated with disease progression and was significantly higher in tissues from GC patients with distant metastasis compared with those without. NPTXR regulated expression of genes involved in metastatic behaviors as well as activation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR, FAK-JNK, and YAP signaling pathways. NPTXR silencing promoted caspase-mediated apoptosis and attenuated GC cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, migration, invasion, adhesion, stem cell-like properties, and resistance to 5-fluorouracil in vitro, and also inhibited the tumorigenicity of GC cells in vivo. Anti-NPTXR Abs inhibited GC peritoneal metastasis in mice. Nptxr-/- mice showed no abnormalities in reproduction, development, metabolism, or motor function. CONCLUSIONS NPTXR plays an essential role in controlling the malignant behavior of GC cells in vitro and in vivo. NPTXR-targeting Abs may thus have utility as novel diagnostic tools and/or treatment modalities for GC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression
- Gene Targeting
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Models, Biological
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Neoplasm Staging
- Phenotype
- Prognosis
- Receptors, Cell Surface/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Stomach Neoplasms/genetics
- Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism
- Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Dai Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Koichi Sawaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shinichi Umeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takashi Miwa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Haruyoshi Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Chie Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masamichi Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yohei Iguchi
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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Scrodentoids H and I, a Pair of Natural Epimerides from Scrophularia dentata, Inhibit Inflammation through JNK-STAT3 Axis in THP-1 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:1842347. [PMID: 32802115 PMCID: PMC7403932 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1842347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Scrophularia dentata is an important medicinal plant and used for the treatment of exanthema and fever in Traditional Tibetan Medicine. Scrodentoids H and I (SHI), a pair of epimerides of C19-norditerpenoids isolated from Scrophularia dentata, could transfer to each other in room temperature and were firstly reported in our previous work. Here, we first reported the anti-inflammatory effects of SHI on LPS-induced inflammation. Purpose To evaluate the anti-inflammatory property of SHI, we investigated the effects of SHI on LPS-activated THP-1 cells. Methods THP-1 human macrophages were pretreated with SHI and stimulated with LPS. Proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 were measured by RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The mechanism of action involving phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, P38, and STAT3 was measured by western Blot. The NF-κB promoter activity was evaluated by Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System in TNF-α stimulated 293T cells. Results SHI dose-dependently reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6. The ability of SHI to reduce production of cytokines is associated with phosphorylation depress of JNK and STAT3 rather than p38, ERK, and NF-κB promoter. Conclusions Our experimental results indicated that anti-inflammatory effects of SHI exhibit attenuation of LPS-induced inflammation and inhibit activation through JNK/STAT3 pathway in macrophages. These results suggest that SHI might have a potential in treating inflammatory disease.
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Murphy JM, Rodriguez YAR, Jeong K, Ahn EYE, Lim STS. Targeting focal adhesion kinase in cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:877-886. [PMID: 32514188 PMCID: PMC7338452 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is an integrin-associated protein tyrosine kinase that is frequently overexpressed in advanced human cancers. Recent studies have demonstrated that aside from FAK's catalytic activity in cancer cells, its cellular localization is also critical for regulating the transcription of chemokines that promote a favorable tumor microenvironment (TME) by suppressing destructive host immunity. In addition to the protumor roles of FAK in cancer cells, FAK activity within cells of the TME may also support tumor growth and metastasis through various mechanisms, including increased angiogenesis and vascular permeability and effects related to fibrosis in the stroma. Small molecule FAK inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy in alleviating tumor growth and metastasis, and some are currently in clinical development phases. However, several preclinical trials have shown increased benefits from dual therapies using FAK inhibitors in combination with other chemotherapies or with immune cell activators. This review will discuss the role of nuclear FAK as a driver for tumor cell survival as well as potential therapeutic strategies to target FAK in both tumors and the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Yelitza A R Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Kyuho Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Eun-Young Erin Ahn
- Department of Pathology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Ssang-Taek Steve Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA.
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Murphy JM, Jeong K, Lim STS. FAK Family Kinases in Vascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103630. [PMID: 32455571 PMCID: PMC7279255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In various vascular diseases, extracellular matrix (ECM) and integrin expression are frequently altered, leading to focal adhesion kinase (FAK) or proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) activation. In addition to the major roles of FAK and Pyk2 in regulating adhesion dynamics via integrins, recent studies have shown a new role for nuclear FAK in gene regulation in various vascular cells. In particular, FAK primarily localizes within the nuclei of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of healthy arteries. However, vessel injury increased FAK localization back to adhesions and elevated FAK activity, leading to VSMC hyperplasia. The study suggested that abnormal FAK or Pyk2 activation in vascular cells may cause pathology in vascular diseases. Here we will review several studies of FAK and Pyk2 associated with integrin signaling in vascular diseases including restenosis, atherosclerosis, heart failure, pulmonary arterial hypertension, aneurysm, and thrombosis. Despite the importance of FAK family kinases in vascular diseases, comprehensive reviews are scarce. Therefore, we summarized animal models involving FAK family kinases in vascular diseases.
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The Inhibition of P-Selectin Reduced Severe Acute Lung Injury in Immunocompromised Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8430465. [PMID: 32377309 PMCID: PMC7196163 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8430465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In an immunocompetent host, excess infiltration of immune cells in the lung is a key factor in infection-induced severe acute lung injury. Kidney transplant patients are immunocompromised by the use of immunosuppressive drugs. Immune cell infiltration in the lung in a renal transplant recipient suffering from pulmonary infection is significantly less than that in an immunocompetent host; however, the extent of lung injury in renal transplant patients is more serious than that in immunocompetent hosts. Therefore, we explored the role of platelet activation in a Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced lung injury model with P-selectin gene knockout mice or wild-type mice. Our study suggested that the inhibition of platelets reduced severe acute lung injury and increased survival after acute lung infection in mice. In addition, P-selectin expression on the surface of platelets in mice increased after administration of immunosuppressive drugs, and the extent of lung injury induced by infection decreased in P-selectin gene knockout mice. In conclusion, p-selectin plays a key role in severe acute lung injury in immunocompromised mice by reducing platelet activation and inflammatory processes.
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Kim MJ, Jung SK. Nutraceuticals for prevention of atherosclerosis: Targeting monocyte infiltration to the vascular endothelium. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13200. [PMID: 32189369 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death, globally, and is a serious problem in developing countries. Preventing atherosclerosis is key to reducing the risk of developing CVD. Similar to carcinogenesis, atherogenesis can be divided into four stages: initiation, promotion, progression, and acute events. The current study focuses on the promotion stage, which is characterized by circular monocyte penetration into vascular endothelial cells, monocyte differentiation into macrophages, and the formation of foam cells. This early stage of atherogenesis is a major target for nutraceuticals. We discuss nutraceuticals that can potentially inhibit monocyte adhesion to the vascular endothelium, thereby preventing the promotional stage of atherosclerosis. The mechanisms through which these nutraceuticals prevent monocyte adhesion are classified according to the following targets: NF-κB, ROS, MAPKs, and AP-1. Additionally, we discuss promising targets for nutraceuticals that can regulate monocyte adhesion to the endothelium. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Introduction of atherogenesis with initiation, promotion, progression, and acute events provide specific information and factors for each step in the development of atherosclerosis. Functional food or pharmaceutical researchers can set target stages and use them to develop materials that control atherosclerosis. In particular, because it focuses on vascular inflammation via interaction between monocytes and vascular endothelial cells, it provides specific information to researchers developing functional foods that regulate this process. Therefore, this manuscript, unlike previous papers, will provide material information and potential mechanisms of action to researchers who want to develop functional foods that control vascular inflammation rather than vascular lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Keun Jung
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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