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Ye Y, Takeuchi A, Kawaguchi Y, Matsuba S, Zhang N, Mijiti M, Banno A, Hiramatsu N, Okada T, Nagaoka S. Eugeniin improves cholesterol metabolism in HepG2 cells and Caco-2 cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 88:97-106. [PMID: 37952102 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Considering the absence of prior studies on the cholesterol metabolism-improving effects of eugeniin, the present investigation aimed to explore the potential impact of eugeniin on cholesterol metabolism. This study sought to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in this process using HepG2 and Caco-2 cells treated with 5 µm eugeniin. The intracellular cholesterol levels in HepG2 and Caco-2 cells were significantly decreased in the 24-h eugeniin-treated group. The protein and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) were increased, while 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase protein and mRNA levels were decreased in HepG2 cells 6 h of the eugeniin-treated group. Additionally, LDLR protein and mRNA levels were increased in HepG2 cells after 24 h of eugeniin treatment. In Caco-2, the protein and mRNA levels of ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 were increased after 24 h eugeniin treatment. This novel finding indicates that eugeniin improves cholesterol metabolism in human cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Ye
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Asahi Takeuchi
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuya Kawaguchi
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shoya Matsuba
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ni Zhang
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Maihemuti Mijiti
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Arata Banno
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Naoto Hiramatsu
- Department of Research and development, Toyohakko Co., Ltd., Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Okada
- Department of Research and development, Toyohakko Co., Ltd., Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagaoka
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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2
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Ye Y, Kawaguchi Y, Takeuchi A, Zhang N, Mori R, Mijiti M, Banno A, Okada T, Hiramatsu N, Nagaoka S. Rose polyphenols exert antiobesity effect in high-fat-induced obese mice by regulating lipogenic gene expression. Nutr Res 2023; 119:76-89. [PMID: 37757642 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Obesity presents a major risk factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Recent reports indicate that many kinds of polyphenols have the potential to prevent metabolic diseases. We hypothesized that rose polyphenols (ROSE) have the effect of improvement in lipid metabolism. In this study, we investigated whether rose polyphenols affected lipid metabolism and exerted antiobesity. To clarify the mechanism, C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet containing 0.25% ROSE for 35 days. Compared with the control group, body weight gain and adipose tissue weight in the 0.25% ROSE group were significantly decreased. Serum cholesterol and hepatic triglyceride concentrations significantly decreased, whereas fecal triglyceride was significantly increased in the 0.25% ROSE group. Liver stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (Scd1), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (Hmgcr), and acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (Acat1) mRNA as well as protein stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 concentrations were significantly lower in the 0.25% ROSE group than that in the control group. The mRNA and the protein concentrations of adipose triglyceride lipase, hormone-sensitive lipase, and peroxisomal acylcoenzyme A oxidase 1 in white adipose tissue were significantly higher in the 0.25% ROSE group than that in the control group. The components in rose polyphenols were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and we consider that ellagic acid plays an important role in an antiobesity effect because the ellagic acid content is the highest among polyphenols in rose polyphenols. In summary, rose polyphenols exhibit antiobesity effects by influencing lipid metabolism-related genes and proteins to promote lipolysis and suppress lipid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Ye
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Department of Applied Life Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yuya Kawaguchi
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Department of Applied Life Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Asahi Takeuchi
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Department of Applied Life Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Ni Zhang
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Department of Applied Life Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Mori
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Department of Applied Life Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Maihemuti Mijiti
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Department of Applied Life Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Arata Banno
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Department of Applied Life Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | | | | | - Satoshi Nagaoka
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Department of Applied Life Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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3
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Guo J, Wang Y, Li P, Wu W, Xu F, Zhou K, Xu B. The modulatory effects on enterohepatic cholesterol metabolism of novel cholesterol-lowering peptides from gastrointestinal digestion of Xuanwei ham. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113391. [PMID: 37803728 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanism of in vitro protein digestive products of Xuanwei ham with different ripening periods on cholesterol metabolism and hypercholesterolemia. The results showed that compared with other gastrointestinal digestion (GID) groups, the GID group of Xuanwei ham with 3-year ripening period (XWH3-GID) inhibited the expression of Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) and acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 2 (ACAT2) through hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha (HNF-1α), which in turn effectively inhibited cholesterol absorption in Caco-2 cell monolayers. Following absorption by Caco-2 cell monolayers, the XWH3-GID group suppressed the expression and secretion of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) via HNF-1α, which enhanced the protein expression and fluorescence intensity of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) on the HepG2 cell membrane, and thus promoted the uptake of low density lipoprotein (LDL). Importantly, three novel peptides (LFP, PKF and VPFP) derived from titin were identified after intestinal epithelial transport in the XWH3-GID group, which could exert cholesterol-lowering effects through inhibiting intestinal cholesterol absorption and promoting peripheral hepatic LDL uptake, and effectively ameliorate western diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in ApoE-/- mice. These results suggest that Xuanwei ham with 3-year ripening period can be used as a source of cholesterol-lowering peptides and has potential to intervene in hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Peijun Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wenda Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Feiran Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Baocai Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China.
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4
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Takeuchi A, Ye Y, Takada K, Mori R, Nakamura T, Oda N, Mijiti M, Banno A, Nagaoka S. Pentapeptide IIAEK ameliorates cholesterol metabolism via the suppression of intestinal cholesterol absorption in mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 87:1345-1353. [PMID: 37667492 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Dietary protein-derived peptides are effective in improving dyslipidemia and hypercholesterolemia. We previously identified a novel cholesterol-lowering pentapeptide IIAEK from milk beta-lactoglobulin. However, it remains unclear whether IIAEK affects the micellar solubility of cholesterol and the bile acid-binding ability to lower cholesterol. Moreover, there is no direct evidence that IIAEK inhibits intestinal cholesterol absorption and affects hepatic cholesterol and fecal steroid excretion in vivo. Herein, we showed that IIAEK did not affect the micellar solubility of cholesterol and the bile acid-binding ability. However, we found that IIAEK decreased serum and liver cholesterol levels and increased fecal steroid excretion in mice. Interestingly, IIAEK markedly suppressed the intestinal absorption of [3H]-cholesterol in mice. In conclusion, we found that IIAEK ameliorated cholesterol metabolism by suppressing intestinal cholesterol absorption without affecting in vitro micellar solubility of cholesterol and the bile acid-binding ability in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asahi Takeuchi
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuyang Ye
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Keigo Takada
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Mori
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Toma Nakamura
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Natsuki Oda
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Maihemuti Mijiti
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Arata Banno
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagaoka
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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Beuchel C, Dittrich J, Becker S, Kirsten H, Tönjes A, Kovacs P, Stumvoll M, Loeffler M, Teren A, Thiery J, Isermann B, Ceglarek U, Scholz M. An atlas of genome-wide gene expression and metabolite associations and possible mediation effects towards body mass index. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:1305-1321. [PMID: 37672078 PMCID: PMC10560167 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02362-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Investigating the cross talk of different omics layers is crucial to understand molecular pathomechanisms of metabolic diseases like obesity. Here, we present a large-scale association meta-analysis of genome-wide whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) gene expressions profiled with Illumina HT12v4 microarrays and metabolite measurements from dried blood spots (DBS) characterized by targeted liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in three large German cohort studies with up to 7706 samples. We found 37,295 associations comprising 72 amino acids (AA) and acylcarnitine (AC) metabolites (including ratios) and 8579 transcripts. We applied this catalogue of associations to investigate the impact of associating transcript-metabolite pairs on body mass index (BMI) as an example metabolic trait. This is achieved by conducting a comprehensive mediation analysis considering metabolites as mediators of gene expression effects and vice versa. We discovered large mediation networks comprising 27,023 potential mediation effects within 20,507 transcript-metabolite pairs. Resulting networks of highly connected (hub) transcripts and metabolites were leveraged to gain mechanistic insights into metabolic signaling pathways. In conclusion, here, we present the largest available multi-omics integration of genome-wide transcriptome data and metabolite data of amino acid and fatty acid metabolism and further leverage these findings to characterize potential mediation effects towards BMI proposing candidate mechanisms of obesity and related metabolic diseases. KEY MESSAGES: Thousands of associations of 72 amino acid and acylcarnitine metabolites and 8579 genes expand the knowledge of metabolome-transcriptome associations. A mediation analysis of effects on body mass index revealed large mediation networks of thousands of obesity-related gene-metabolite pairs. Highly connected, potentially mediating hub genes and metabolites enabled insight into obesity and related metabolic disease pathomechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Beuchel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Dittrich
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susen Becker
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Legal Medicine, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Kirsten
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Joachim Thiery
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Berend Isermann
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Ceglarek
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
- LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
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6
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Wang K, Han L, Tan Y, Hong H, Fan H, Luo Y. Novel Hypocholesterolemic Peptides Derived from Silver Carp Muscle: The Modulatory Effects on Enterohepatic Cholesterol Metabolism In Vitro and In Vivo. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:5565-5575. [PMID: 36997503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c09092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to investigate the effect of silver carp hydrolysates (SCHs) on hypercholesterolemia and enterohepatic cholesterol metabolism. Results showed that in vitro gastrointestinal digestion products of Alcalase-SCH (GID-Alcalase) exhibited the highest inhibitory activity of cholesterol absorption mainly through downregulating the expression of essential genes related to cholesterol transport in a Caco-2 monolayer. After being absorbed by the Caco-2 monolayer, GID-Alcalase increased the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake in HepG2 cells by enhancing the protein level of the LDL receptor (LDLR). The in vivo experiment showed that long-term intervention of Alcalase-SCH ameliorated hypercholesterolemia in ApoE-/- mice fed with a Western diet (WD). After transepithelial transport, four novel peptides (TKY, LIL, FPK, and IAIM) were identified, and these peptides possessed dual hypocholesterolemic functions including inhibition of cholesterol absorption and promotion of peripheric LDL uptake. Our results indicated for the first time the potential of SCHs as functional food ingredients for the management of hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lihua Han
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuqing Tan
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hui Hong
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongbing Fan
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, United States
| | - Yongkang Luo
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Research and Development Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
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7
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Luo M, Zhang Z, Lu Y, Feng W, Wu H, Fan L, Guan B, Dai Y, Tang D, Dong X, Yun C, Hocher B, Liu H, Li Q, Yin L. Urine metabolomics reveals biomarkers and the underlying pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:1001-1013. [PMID: 36255506 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-022-03326-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and its pathogenesis is not yet fully understood and lacks noninvasive and effective diagnostic biomarkers. In this study, we performed urine metabolomics to identify biomarkers for DKD and to clarify the potential mechanisms associated with disease progression. METHODS We applied a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics method combined with bioinformatics analysis to investigate the urine metabolism characteristics of 79 participants, including healthy subjects (n = 20), T2DM patients (n = 20), 39 DKD patients that included 19 DKD with microalbuminuria (DKD + micro) and 20 DKD with macroalbuminuria (DKD + macro). RESULTS Seventeen metabolites were identified between T2DM and DKD that were involved in amino acid, purine, nucleotide and primarily bile acid metabolism. Ultimately, a combined model consisting of 2 metabolites (tyramine and phenylalanylproline) was established, which had optimal diagnostic performance (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.94). We also identified 19 metabolites that were co-expressed within the DKD groups and 41 metabolites specifically expressed in the DKD + macro group. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed three interaction networks of these 60 metabolites, involving the sirtuin signaling pathway and ferroptosis signaling pathway, as well as the downregulation of organic anion transporter 1, which may be important mechanisms that mediate the progression of DKD. CONCLUSIONS This work reveals the metabolic alterations in T2DM and DKD, constructs a combined model to distinguish them and delivers a novel strategy for studying the underlying mechanism and treatment of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolin Luo
- Department of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, People's Hospital of Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510380, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, CN, 518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongping Lu
- Department of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Weifeng Feng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Department of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lijing Fan
- Department of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Baozhang Guan
- Department of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yong Dai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, CN, 518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Donge Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, CN, 518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangnan Dong
- Department of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Chen Yun
- Department of Nephrology, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Berthold Hocher
- Department of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Department of Nephrology, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medicine Nephrology, University Medicai Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Haiping Liu
- The Second People's Hospital of Lianping County, Guangdong, 517139, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Li
- Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, 523000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lianghong Yin
- Department of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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8
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Research progress in lipid metabolic regulation of bioactive peptides. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-022-00123-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractHyperlipidemia poses a serious threat to human health and evaluating the ability of natural active substances to regulate disorders of lipid metabolism is the focus of food functionality research in recent years. Bioactive peptides are distinguished by their broad range of sources, high nutritional content, ease of absorption and use by the body, and ease of determining their sequences. Bioactive peptides have a wide range of potential applications in the area of medicines and food. The regulation of lipid metabolism disorder caused by bioactive peptides from different sources provides a reference for the development and research of bioactive peptides for lipid reduction.
Graphical Abstract
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9
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Mijiti M, Mori R, Nakashima Y, Banno A, Ye Y, Takeuchi A, Matsuba S, Kiriyama K, Sutoh K, Nagaoka S. Protamine-derived peptide RPR (Arg-Pro-Arg) ameliorates oleic acid-induced lipogenesis via the PepT1 pathway in HepG2 cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 87:197-207. [PMID: 36521839 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The protamine-derived peptide arginine-proline-arginine (RPR) can ameliorate lifestyle-related diseases such as obesity and hypercholesterolemia. Thus, we hypothesized that the hypolipidemic activity of RPR could attenuate events leading to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Addition of 2 m m oleic acid (OA) to the culture medium induced fatty liver conditions in HepG2 cells. The OA + RPR group showed significantly decreased cellular or medium triglyceride (TG) level compared with the OA group. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) or sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) protein level was significantly lower in the OA + RPR group than in the OA group. In the R + P + R amino acid mixture-treated group, the TG level was not significantly different from that in the OA-treated group. The OA + RP- or OA + PR-treated groups showed significantly decreased cellular TG level compared with the OA group. Moreover, the effect of RPR disappeared when the peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) was knocked down with a siRNA. Collectively, our results demonstrated that RPR effectively ameliorated hepatic steatosis in HepG2 cells via the PepT1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maihemuti Mijiti
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Mori
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuga Nakashima
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Arata Banno
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuyang Ye
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Asahi Takeuchi
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shoya Matsuba
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kiriyama
- Fordays Co., Ltd., Fordays Nutritional Research Center, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keita Sutoh
- Fordays Co., Ltd., Fordays Nutritional Research Center, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagaoka
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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10
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Banno A, Yamamoto M, Mijiti M, Takeuchi A, Ye Y, Oda N, Nishino N, Ebihara A, Nagaoka S. The physiological blood concentration of phenylalanine-proline can ameliorate cholesterol metabolism in HepG2 cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 87:90-98. [PMID: 36352466 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that the dipeptide Phe-Pro affects lipid metabolism in vivo and in vitro, but very little is known regarding the mechanism of action of Phe-Pro after it is absorbed by the intestines via PepT1. In this study, we administered a single oral dose of Phe-Pro to rats and quantified its concentration in the portal plasma using LC-TOF/MS analysis. Additionally, the physiological blood concentration of Phe-Pro was added to the lipid accumulation model of HepG2 cells to decrease intracellular cholesterol and increase the expression of CYP7A1 and PPARα mRNA levels. Moreover, we analyzed the binding of PPARα and Phe-Pro using AlphaFold2. We found that Phe-Pro is a ligand for PPARα. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that shows Phe-Pro to be present in the portal plasma. We found for the first time that Phe-Pro ameliorated cholesterol metabolism in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arata Banno
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mako Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Maihemuti Mijiti
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Asahi Takeuchi
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuyang Ye
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Natsuki Oda
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Nanami Nishino
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akio Ebihara
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagaoka
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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11
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Wang K, Fu Z, Li X, Hong H, Zhan X, Guo X, Luo Y, Tan Y. Whey protein hydrolysate alleviated atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis by regulating lipid metabolism in apoE -/- mice fed a Western diet. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111419. [PMID: 35761665 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) has been proved to possess various biological activities associated with the amelioration of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-atherosclerotic and hepatoprotective effects of WPH on apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE-/-) mice fed with a Western diet for 15 weeks. Results revealed that WPH markedly inhibited the development of atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta and steatosis injury in the liver. The serum lipid and inflammation levels were both reduced after WPH supplemented in apoE-/- mice. In addition, WPH inhibited the lipid accumulation in the liver, thereby decreasing the hepatic inflammation level and oxidative stress injury. Mechanism investigation revealed that WPH down-regulated the expression of cholesterol biosynthesis genes while up-regulated the expression of cholesterol uptake and excretion genes in the liver. Meanwhile, the de novo lipogenesis was inhibited while the fatty acids β-oxidation was activated in the liver by WPH supplementation. Notably, the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)/n-6 PUFA ratio in serum and liver of the WPH-H group were 2.69-fold (p < 0.01) and 3.64-fold (p < 0.01) higher than that of the Model group. Collectively, our results proved WPH possesses potent anti-atherosclerotic and hepatoprotective activities and has the potential to be used as a novel functional ingredient for the management of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Zixin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Hui Hong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xin Zhan
- Tianjin Milkyway Import and Export Corp, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Xiaohong Guo
- Hebei Dongkang Dairy Co., Ltd, Shijiazhuang 052160, China.
| | - Yongkang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yuqing Tan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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12
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Kang L, Han T, Cong H, Yu B, Shen Y. Recent research progress of biologically active peptides. Biofactors 2022; 48:575-596. [PMID: 35080058 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of molecular biology and biochemical technology, great progress has been made in the study of peptides. Peptides are easy to digest and absorb, with lowering of blood pressure and cholesterol, improving immunity, regulating hormones, antibacterial, and antiviral effects. Peptides also have physiological regulation and biological metabolism functions with applications in the fields of feed production and biomedical research. In the future, the research focus of bioactive peptides will focus on their efficient preparation and application. This article introduces a comprehensive review of the types, synthesis, functionalization, and bio-related applications of bioactive peptides. For this aim, we introduced in detail various biopeptides and then presented the production methods of bioactive peptides, such as enzymatic synthesis, microbial fermentation, chemical synthesis, and others. The applications of bioactive peptides for anticancers, immune therapy, antibacterial, and other applications have been introduced and discussed. And discussed the development prospects of biologically active peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Kang
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tingting Han
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hailin Cong
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Bionanoengineering, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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13
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The Hypolipidemic and Antioxidant Activity of Wheat Germ and Wheat Germ Protein in High-Fat Diet-Induced Rats. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072260. [PMID: 35408659 PMCID: PMC9000699 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: So far, no articles have discussed the hypolipidemic effect of wheat germ protein in in vivo experiments. Objective: In this study, we investigated the effects of wheat germ protein (WGP, 300 mg/kg/day) and wheat germ (WG, 300 mg/kg/day) on cholesterol metabolism, antioxidant activities, and serum and hepatic lipids in rats fed a high-fat diet through gavage. Methodology: We used 4-week-old male Wistar 20 rats in our animal experiment. Biochemical indicators of fecal, serum and liver were tested by kits or chemical methods. We also conducted the cholesterol micellar solubility experiment in vitro. Results: After 28 days of treatment, our results showed that WGP significantly reduced the serum levels of total cholesterol (p < 0.05) and nonhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.05), improved the enzymatic activities of cholesterol 7-α hydroxylase (p < 0.01) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (p < 0.01) and increased bile acid excretion in feces (p < 0.05). Conclusion: WG did not significantly increase bile acid excretion in feces or decrease serum levels of total cholesterol. Moreover, WGP and WG both presented significant antioxidant activity in vivo (p < 0.05) and caused a significant reduction in cholesterol micellar solubility in vitro (p < 0.001). Therefore, WGP may effectively prevent hyperlipidemia and its complications as WGP treatment enhanced antioxidant activity, decreased the concentration of serum lipids and improved the activity of enzymes involved in cholesterol metabolism.
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14
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Do AD, Su CH, Hsu YM. Antagonistic Activities of Lactobacillus rhamnosus JB3 Against Helicobacter pylori Infection Through Lipid Raft Formation. Front Immunol 2022; 12:796177. [PMID: 35095872 PMCID: PMC8794797 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.796177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative pathogen that can increase the risk of stomach cancer in infected patients. H. pylori exploits lipid rafts to infect host cells. Infection triggers clustering of Lewis x antigen (Lex) and integrins in lipid rafts to facilitate H. pylori adherence to the gastric epithelium. H. pylori infection can be treated with probiotics containing lactic acid bacteria that offer numerous benefits to the host while lacking the side effects associated with antibiotic therapy. Previously, we showed that the cell-free supernatant (CFS) derived from Lactobacillus rhamnosus JB3 (LR-JB3) at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 25 attenuated the pathogenicity of H. pylori. In this study, we established a mucin model to simulate the gastric environment and to further understand the influence of mucin on the pathogenesis of H. pylori. Porcine stomach mucin dramatically upregulated H. pylori virulence gene expression, including that of babA, sabA, fucT, vacA, hp0499, cagA, and cagL, as well as the adhesion and invasion ability of H. pylori and induced increased levels of IL-8 in infected-AGS cells. The CFS derived from LR-JB3 at a MOI of 25 reduced the expression of H. pylori sabA, fucT, and hp0499 in mucin, as well as that of the Lex antigen and the α5β1 integrin in AGS cells during co-cultivation. These inhibitory effects of LR-JB3 also suppressed lipid raft clustering and attenuated Lewis antigen-dependent adherence, type IV secretion system-mediated cell contact, and lipid raft-mediated entry of VacA to host cells. In conclusion, LR-JB3 could affect H. pylori infection through mediating lipid raft formation of the host cells. The currently unknown cues secreted from LR-JB3 are valuable not only for treating H. pylori infection, but also for treating diseases that are also mediated by lipid raft signaling, such as cancer and aging-associated and neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Duy Do
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Hsian Su
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Animal Science and Technology, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Man Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Animal Science and Technology, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
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15
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Recent patent applications in beverages enriched with plant proteins. NPJ Sci Food 2021; 5:28. [PMID: 34725351 PMCID: PMC8560799 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-021-00112-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, many consumers have been adding plant-based beverages to their diets, due to different reasons. The addition of plant proteins to enrich these products in order to make them more nutritionally balanced has become a trend, mainly because of their lower prices and reduced environmental damage. Thus, the aims of the present patent review are to discuss the potential of, and challenges posed by, plant proteins to the beverage industry, as well as to check market trends, focused on raw materials and beverage types. Based on the results, pea, rapeseed, bean, peanut, chickpea, lentil, hempseed, sunflower seed, and cottonseed were among the most often addressed raw materials. Furthermore, this enrichment process is not limited to create products that mimic dairy, therefore expansion in plant proteins used to enrich carbonated beverages, sports drinks, or even juices is expected to happen. Thus, plant-derived proteins have been promising to high-quality beverage production, as well as to ensure food security, animal welfare, and low environmental impacts.
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16
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17
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Nagaoka S, Takeuchi A, Banno A. Plant-derived peptides improving lipid and glucose metabolism. Peptides 2021; 142:170577. [PMID: 34033874 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Plant protein-derived peptides, focusing especially on soybean protein-derived peptides have considerable effects on metabolic regulation and modulation such as cholesterol lowering, triglyceride lowering, anti-obesity, inhibition of fatty acid synthase, and antidiabetic effects. The molecules targeted to study the metabolic regulatory functions of the peptides included the following: intestinal cholesterol micelle, cholesterol metabolism-related genes for cholesterol lowering, triglyceride metabolism-related genes for triglyceride lowering and anti-obesity, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), α-amylase, α-glucosidase, or glucose metabolism-related genes for lowering blood glucose levels. This review article outlines the physiological functions of plant protein-derived peptides for the improvement of lipid and glucose metabolism in vitro or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nagaoka
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Asahi Takeuchi
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Arata Banno
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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18
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Hypocholesterolemic Effect of Potent Peptide and Bioactive Fraction from Pigeon Pea By-Products in Wistar Rats. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Mijiti M, Mori R, Huang B, Tsukamoto K, Kiriyama K, Sutoh K, Nagaoka S. Anti-Obesity and Hypocholesterolemic Actions of Protamine-Derived Peptide RPR (Arg-Pro-Arg) and Protamine in High-Fat Diet-Induced C57BL/6J Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:2501. [PMID: 34444660 PMCID: PMC8398848 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary protamine can ameliorate hyperlipidemia; however, the protamine-derived active peptide and its hypolipidemic mechanism of action are unclear. Here, we report the discovery of a novel anti-obesity and hypocholesterolemic peptide, RPR (Arg-Pro-Arg), derived from protamine in mice fed a high-fat diet for 50 days. Serum cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the protamine and RPR groups than in the control group. White adipose tissue weight was significantly decreased in the protamine and RPR groups. The fecal excretion of cholesterol and bile acid was significantly higher in the protamine and RPR groups than in the control group. We also observed a significant decrease in the expression of hepatic SCD1, SREBP1, and adipocyte FAS mRNA, and significantly increased expression of hepatic PPARα and adipocyte PPARγ1 mRNA in the protamine group. These findings demonstrate that the anti-obesity effects of protamine are linked to the upregulation of adipocyte PPARγ1 and hepatic PPARα and the downregulation of hepatic SCD1 via SREBP1 and adipocyte FAS. RPR derived from protamine has a crucial role in the anti-obesity action of protamine by evaluating the effective dose of adipose tissue weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maihemuti Mijiti
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (M.M.); (R.M.); (B.H.); (K.T.)
| | - Ryosuke Mori
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (M.M.); (R.M.); (B.H.); (K.T.)
| | - Bingyu Huang
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (M.M.); (R.M.); (B.H.); (K.T.)
| | - Kenichiro Tsukamoto
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (M.M.); (R.M.); (B.H.); (K.T.)
| | | | - Keita Sutoh
- Fordays Co., Ltd., Tokyo 103-0016, Japan; (K.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Satoshi Nagaoka
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (M.M.); (R.M.); (B.H.); (K.T.)
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20
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Feliciano RJ, Boué G, Membré JM. Overview of the Potential Impacts of Climate Change on the Microbial Safety of the Dairy Industry. Foods 2020; 9:E1794. [PMID: 33287137 PMCID: PMC7761758 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is expected to affect many different sectors across the food supply chain. The current review paper presents an overview of the effects of climate change on the microbial safety of the dairy supply chain and suggest potential mitigation strategies to limit the impact. Raw milk, the common raw material of dairy products, is vulnerable to climate change, influenced by changes in average temperature and amount of precipitation. This would induce changes in the microbial profile and heat stress in lactating cows, increasing susceptibility to microbial infection and higher levels of microbial contamination. Moreover, climate change affects the entire dairy supply chain and necessitates adaptation of all the current food safety management programs. In particular, the review of current prerequisite programs might be needed as well as revisiting the current microbial specifications of the receiving dairy products and the introduction of new pretreatments with stringent processing regimes. The effects on microbial changes during distribution and consumer handling also would need to be quantified through the use of predictive models. The development of Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) models, considering the whole farm-to-fork chain to evaluate risk mitigation strategies, will be a key step to prioritize actions towards a climate change-resilient dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeanne-Marie Membré
- Secalim UMR1014, INRAE, Oniris Chantrerie, CS 40706, CEDEX 3, 44307 Nantes, France; (R.J.F.); (G.B.)
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21
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Ito M, Shimizu K, Honda H. Bile acid micelle disruption activity of short-chain peptides from tryptic hydrolyzate of edible proteins. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 130:514-519. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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22
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IIAEK Targets Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase (IAP) to Improve Cholesterol Metabolism with a Specific Activation of IAP and Downregulation of ABCA1. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092859. [PMID: 32961978 PMCID: PMC7551322 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
IIAEK (Ile-Ile-Ala-Glu-Lys, lactostatin) is a novel cholesterol-lowering pentapeptide derived from bovine milk β-lactoglobulin. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the IIAEK-mediated suppression of intestinal cholesterol absorption are unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of IIAEK on intestinal cholesterol metabolism in a human intestinal model using Caco-2 cells. We found that IIAEK significantly reduced the expression of intestinal cholesterol metabolism-associated genes, particularly that of the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1). Subsequently, we chemically synthesized a novel molecular probe, IIXEK, which can visualize a complex of target proteins interacting with photoaffinity-labeled IIAEK by fluorescent substances. Through photoaffinity labeling and MS analysis with IIXEK for the rat small intestinal mucosa and intestinal lipid raft fractions of Caco-2 cells, we identified intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) as a specific molecule interacting with IIAEK and discovered the common IIAEK-binding amino acid sequence, GFYLFVEGGR. IIAEK significantly increased IAP mRNA and protein levels while decreasing ABCA1 mRNA and protein levels in Caco-2 cells. In conclusion, we found that IIAEK targets IAP to improve cholesterol metabolism via a novel signaling pathway involving the specific activation of IAP and downregulation of intestinal ABCA1.
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