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Govender P, Ghai M. Population-specific differences in the human microbiome: Factors defining the diversity. Gene 2024; 933:148923. [PMID: 39244168 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Differences in microbial communities at different body habitats define the microbiome composition of the human body. The gut, oral, skin vaginal fluid and tissue microbiome, are pivotal for human development and immune response and cross talk between these microbiomes is evident. Population studies reveal that various factors, such as host genetics, diet, lifestyle, aging, and geographical location are strongly associated with population-specific microbiome differences. The present review discusses the factors that shape microbiome diversity in humans, and microbiome differences in African, Asian and Caucasian populations. Gut microbiome studies show that microbial species Bacteroides is commonly found in individuals living in Western countries (Caucasian populations), while Prevotella is prevalent in non-Western countries (African and Asian populations). This association is mainly due to the high carbohydrate, high fat diet in western countries in contrast to high fibre, low fat diets in African/ Asian regions. Majority of the microbiome studies focus on the bacteriome component; however, interesting findings reveal that increased bacteriophage richness, which makes up the virome component, correlates with decreased bacterial diversity, and causes microbiome dysbiosis. An increase of Caudovirales (bacteriophages) is associated with a decrease in enteric bacteria in inflammatory bowel diseases. Future microbiome studies should evaluate the interrelation between bacteriome and virome to fully understand their significance in the pathogenesis and progression of human diseases. With ethnic health disparities becoming increasingly apparent, studies need to emphasize on the association of population-specific microbiome differences and human diseases, to develop microbiome-based therapeutics. Additionally, targeted phage therapy is emerging as an attractive alternative to antibiotics for bacterial infections. With rapid rise in microbiome research, focus should be on standardizing protocols, advanced bioinformatics tools, and reducing sequencing platform related biases. Ultimately, integration of multi-omics data (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) will lead to precision models for personalized microbiome therapeutics advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Govender
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, South Africa
| | - Meenu Ghai
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, South Africa.
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Wang H, Shan C, Guo G, Ning D, Miao F. Therapeutic potential of palmitoleic acid in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Targeting ferroptosis and lipid metabolism disorders. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 142:113025. [PMID: 39243559 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic syndrome associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Currently, there are no effective drugs to treat NAFLD. Palmitoleic acid (PA) has demonstrated therapeutic potential in managing various metabolic diseases and inflammation. Although ferroptosis is known to play a critical role in the NAFLD development, it remains unclear whether PA can alleviate NAFLD by inhibiting ferroptosis. METHODS Thirty C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups: standard diet, high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD with PA. The experiment lasted 16 weeks. RESULTS PA alleviated liver injury, hepatitis, and dyslipidemia in HFD-induced NAFLD mice. It improved insulin resistance, downregulated genes and proteins related to fat synthesis, and upregulated genes and proteins linked to lipolysis and fat oxidation. Mechanistically, bioinformatics enrichment revealed the involvement of ferroptosis in NAFLD. PA mitigated oxidative stress and reduced liver iron content in NAFLD. It downregulated acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) expression while upregulating glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) expression, thereby inhibiting ferroptosis. CONCLUSION PA exerts a protective effect against liver lipotoxicity by inhibiting lipid metabolism-mediated ferroptosis. These findings provide new insights into preventive and therapeutic strategies for the pathological processes of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, PR China
| | - Chunlan Shan
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Gangjun Guo
- Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong 666100, PR China
| | - Delu Ning
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Yunnan Woody Oilseed Technology Innovation Center, Kunming 650204, PR China
| | - Fujun Miao
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Yunnan Woody Oilseed Technology Innovation Center, Kunming 650204, PR China.
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Ohno T, Kikuchi T, Suzuki Y, Goto R, Takeuchi D, Hayashi JI, Nishida E, Yamamoto G, Kondo S, Ono K, Nomoto S, Mitani A. Periodontitis promotes hepatocellular carcinoma in Stelic Animal model (STAM) mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17560. [PMID: 39080409 PMCID: PMC11289391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68422-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a prevalent oral inflammatory disease that leads to alveolar bone loss and may exert an adverse impact on systemic health. Periodontal disease may be associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, the mechanism of such an association is unknown. In this study, Stelic Animal model (STAM) mice, a model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-HCC, were induced to develop periodontitis and subjected to histopathological and immunological analyses. HCC progression was greater in STAM mice with experimental periodontitis compared with that in STAM mice without experimental periodontitis. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), collagen 1, and angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) gene expression was significantly increased in the liver of the periodontitis group. ANGPTL2 was previously reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, and HCC and ANGPTL2 protein tended to be more abundant in the pocket epithelium of STAM mice with experimental periodontitis than in control STAM mice. ANGPTL2 levels in the serum of STAM mice with experimental periodontitis tended to be higher than in control STAM mice. Our results indicate that ANGPTL2 is produced in chronically inflamed periodontal tissue and then travels to the liver via the bloodstream where it accumulates to promote the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Ohno
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemoridori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kikuchi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemoridori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan.
| | - Yuki Suzuki
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemoridori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Ryoma Goto
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemoridori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Daiki Takeuchi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemoridori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Hayashi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemoridori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Eisaku Nishida
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemoridori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Genta Yamamoto
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemoridori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Shun Kondo
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemoridori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Kouta Ono
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemoridori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Shuji Nomoto
- Department of Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akio Mitani
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemoridori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan
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Gan G, Luo Y, Zeng Y, Lin S, Lu B, Zhang R, Chen S, Lei H, Cai Z, Huang X. Gut microbiota dysbiosis links chronic apical periodontitis to liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Insights from a mouse model. Int Endod J 2024. [PMID: 38958220 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
AIM In this study, we investigated the systemic implications of chronic apical periodontitis (CAP). CAP may contribute to the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression through the gut microbiota and its metabolites, which are related to the degree of fibrosis. METHODOLOGY Sixteen 7-week-old male apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE-/-) mice were randomly divided into two groups: the CAP and Con groups. A CAP model was established by sealing the first- and second-maxillary molars with bacterium-containing cotton balls. Apical lesions were evaluated by micro-CT. Histological evaluations of NAFLD were performed using second harmonic generation/two-photon excitation fluorescence (SHG/TPEF) assays. Additionally, we comprehensively analyzed the gut microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and explored metabolic profiles by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Immunofluorescence analysis was used to examine the impact of CAP on tight junction proteins and mucin expression. Transcriptome assays have elucidated gene expression alterations in liver tissues. RESULTS Micro-CT scans revealed an evident periapical bone loss in the CAP group, and the total collagen percentage was increased (Con, 0.0361 ± 0.00510%, CAP, 0.0589 ± 0.00731%, p < .05). 16S rRNA sequencing revealed reduced diversity and distinct taxonomic enrichment in the CAP group. Metabolomic assessments revealed that differentially enriched metabolites, including D-galactosamine, were enriched and that 16-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid and 3-methylindole were depleted in the CAP group. Immunofluorescence analyses revealed disruptions in tight junction proteins and mucin production, indicating intestinal barrier integrity disruption. Liver transcriptome analysis revealed upregulation of Lpin-1 expression in the CAP group. CONCLUSION This study provides comprehensive evidence of the systemic effects of CAP on liver fibrosis in NAFLD patients by elucidating alterations in the gut microbiota composition and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowu Gan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatology Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Stomatology & Research Center of Dental and Craniofacial Implants, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yufang Luo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatology Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Stomatology & Research Center of Dental and Craniofacial Implants, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatology Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Stomatology & Research Center of Dental and Craniofacial Implants, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shihan Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatology Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Stomatology & Research Center of Dental and Craniofacial Implants, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Beibei Lu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatology Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Stomatology & Research Center of Dental and Craniofacial Implants, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ren Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatology Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Stomatology & Research Center of Dental and Craniofacial Implants, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatology Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Stomatology & Research Center of Dental and Craniofacial Implants, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huaxiang Lei
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatology Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Stomatology & Research Center of Dental and Craniofacial Implants, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhiyu Cai
- Department of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatology Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Stomatology & Research Center of Dental and Craniofacial Implants, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Valenzuela-Narváez R, Valenzuela-Narváez D. Interaction of periodontal clinical indicators in metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Implications for preventive interventions. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:1015-1018. [PMID: 39035555 PMCID: PMC11255929 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The behavior of periodontal clinical indicators in metabolic syndrome (MetS) and fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are not clearly defined. It's even considered that high-risk cases for NAFLD are currently underreported or not identified in a timely manner. The aim of the study is to elucidate the interaction of periodontal clinical indicators in MetS and NAFLD. Materials and methods: 336 patients were eligible because they met the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syn-drome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Those selected were randomly selected for a cross-sectional study. Metabolic status and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were measured using the MetS Metabolic Syndrome Diagnostic Criteria (NCEP/ATP-III) and laboratory tests, respectively. In addition, periodontal clinical indicators were evaluated: probing depth, clinical attachment, plaque index and gingival bleeding. Results The association for NAFLD and probing depth was p = 0.736. The association for MetS and probing depth was p = 0.598. For NAFLD and clinical attachment loss, the association was p = 0.751. For MetS and clinical attachment loss, the association was p = 0.435. The plaque index for MetS was p = 0.238. The plaque index for NAFLD was p = 0.269. The gingival bleeding association for NAFLD was p = 0.673 and for MetS was p = 0.522. Conclusions Periodontal clinical indicators of metabolic syndrome were as-sociated with elevated serum levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides. However, when comparing the values in NAFLD and MetS, a greater significance is evident in the first study group.
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Bordagaray MJ, Pellegrini E, Garrido M, Hernández-Ríos P, Villalobos T, Fernández A, Hernández M. Elevated serum hepatic transaminases in apical periodontitis individuals. Int Endod J 2024. [PMID: 38864596 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
AIM Apical periodontitis (AP) is the chronic inflammation of the periradicular tissues in response to root canal infection. Whilst AP has been linked with systemic inflammation and noncommunicable diseases, its potential association with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels as surrogate markers of hepatic injury, and the systemic inflammatory burden in otherwise healthy individuals with and without AP diagnosis. METHODOLOGY Cross-sectional study. Individuals with AP (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 29) were recruited. The number, mean diameter (mm) and periapical index of the apical lesions of endodontic origin (ALEO) were assessed. ALT and AST levels (pg/mL) were measured through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The serum levels of TNF-α, IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, IL-17A and IL-22 were evaluated by Multiplex assay. Inferential analysis was performed using t-test or Mann-Whitney tests according to data distribution and linear regression models. Data were analysed with StataV16 (p < .05). RESULTS ALT and AST levels were significantly higher in individuals with AP compared to controls (p < .05). Serum inflammatory biomarkers showed no significant differences between the study groups. Bivariate and multivariate analyses confirmed that AP diagnosis was independently associated with ALT and AST elevations (p < .05). Additionally, the number of ALEO positively influenced AST levels (p = .002). IL-22 on the other hand, was associated with reduced ALT levels (p = .043). CONCLUSION AP is associated with higher serum hepatic transaminases ALT and AST, potentially contributing to NAFLD physiopathology in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Bordagaray
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elizabeth Pellegrini
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Garrido
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Hernández-Ríos
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thomas Villalobos
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Marcela Hernández
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Mei EH, Yao C, Chen YN, Nan SX, Qi SC. Multifunctional role of oral bacteria in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:688-702. [PMID: 38818294 PMCID: PMC11135273 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i5.688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of liver disorders of varying severity, ultimately leading to fibrosis. This spectrum primarily consists of NAFL and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is closely associated with disturbances in the gut microbiota and impairment of the intestinal barrier. Non-gut commensal flora, particularly bacteria, play a pivotal role in the progression of NAFLD. Notably, Porphyromonas gingivalis, a principal bacterium involved in periodontitis, is known to facilitate lipid accumulation, augment immune responses, and induce insulin resistance, thereby exacerbating fibrosis in cases of periodontitis-associated NAFLD. The influence of oral microbiota on NAFLD via the "oral-gut-liver" axis is gaining recognition, offering a novel perspective for NAFLD management through microbial imbalance correction. This review endeavors to encapsulate the intricate roles of oral bacteria in NAFLD and explore underlying mechanisms, emphasizing microbial control strategies as a viable therapeutic avenue for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Hua Mei
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Department of Prothodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxiofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Chao Yao
- Department of Prothodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxiofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Yi-Nan Chen
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Shun-Xue Nan
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Sheng-Cai Qi
- Department of Prothodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxiofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China.
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Liu J, Xu L, Wang L, Wang Q, Yu L, Zhang S. Naringin Alleviates Intestinal Fibrosis by Inhibiting ER Stress-Induced PAR2 Activation. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024:izae071. [PMID: 38557865 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izae071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis characterized by intestinal strictures is a common complication of Crohn's disease (CD), without specific antifibrotic drugs, which usually relies on surgical intervention. The transcription factor XBP1, a key component of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, is required for degranulation of mast cells and linked to PAR2 activation and fibrosis. Many studies have confirmed that naringin (NAR) can inhibit ER stress and reduce organ fibrosis. We hypothesized that ER stress activated the PAR2-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition process by stimulating mast cell degranulation to release tryptase and led to intestinal fibrosis in CD patients; NAR might play an antifibrotic role by inhibiting ER stress-induced PAR2 activation. We report that the expression levels of XBP1, mast cell tryptase, and PAR2 are upregulated in fibrotic strictures of CD patients. Molecular docking simulates the interaction of NAR and spliced XBP1. ER stress stimulates degranulation of mast cells to secrete tryptase, activates PAR2-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition process, and promotes intestinal fibrosis in vitro and vivo experiments, which is inhibited by NAR. Moreover, F2rl1 (the coding gene of PAR2) deletion in intestinal epithelial cells decreases the antifibrotic effect of NAR. Hence, the ER stress-mast cell tryptase-PAR2 axis can promote intestinal fibrosis, and NAR administration can alleviate intestinal fibrosis by inhibiting ER stress-induced PAR2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinguo Liu
- Department of Endoscopy Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Surgery, Huangshi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Hubei Chinese Medical University, Huangshi, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liangliang Yu
- Department of Endoscopy Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Lê S, Minty M, Boyer É, Blasco-Baque V, Bonnaure-Mallet M, Meuric V. [Oral microbiota and liver]. Med Sci (Paris) 2024; 40:42-48. [PMID: 38299902 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2023194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver has many important biological functions for the body, as it is involved in the storage and distribution of nutrients (carbohydrates to glycogen, lipids to triglycerides), the digestion of fats, the synthesis of blood proteins, and the detoxification of alcohol and drugs. The liver can be affected by various diseases such as viral or drug-induced hepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis, in which damaged hepatocytes are progressively replaced by scar tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Lê
- Département dentaire, université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), Toulouse, France - Service d'odontologie Toulouse, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France - UMR1297 Inserm, équipe InCOMM (Intestine ClinicOmics Metabolism & Microbiota), Institut des maladies métaboliques et cardiovasculaires (I2MC), université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Matthieu Minty
- Département dentaire, université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), Toulouse, France - Service d'odontologie Toulouse, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France - UMR1297 Inserm, équipe InCOMM (Intestine ClinicOmics Metabolism & Microbiota), Institut des maladies métaboliques et cardiovasculaires (I2MC), université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Émile Boyer
- Inserm U1317, Inrae, université de Rennes, CHU de Rennes, site Pontchaillou-Villejean, Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Blasco-Baque
- Département dentaire, université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), Toulouse, France - Service d'odontologie Toulouse, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France - UMR1297 Inserm, équipe InCOMM (Intestine ClinicOmics Metabolism & Microbiota), Institut des maladies métaboliques et cardiovasculaires (I2MC), université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Martine Bonnaure-Mallet
- Inserm U1317, Inrae, université de Rennes, CHU de Rennes, site Pontchaillou-Villejean, Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Meuric
- Inserm U1317, Inrae, université de Rennes, CHU de Rennes, site Pontchaillou-Villejean, Rennes, France
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Gupta U, Dey P. The oral microbial odyssey influencing chronic metabolic disease. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023:1-17. [PMID: 38145405 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2023.2296346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the oral cavity is the gateway to the gut, oral microbes likely hold the potential to influence metabolic disease by affecting the gut microbiota. METHOD A thorough review of literature has been performed to link the alterations in oral microbiota with chronic metabolic disease by influencing the gut microbiota. RESULT A strong correlation exists between abnormalities in oral microbiota and several systemic disorders, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity, which likely initially manifest as oral diseases. Ensuring adequate oral hygiene practices and cultivating diverse oral microflora are crucial for the preservation of general well-being. Oral bacteria have the ability to establish and endure in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to the development of prolonged inflammation and activation of the immune system. Oral microbe-associated prophylactic strategies could be beneficial in mitigating metabolic diseases. CONCLUSION Oral microbiota can have a profound impact on the gut microbiota and influence the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Priyankar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
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Lei Y, Li S, He M, Ao Z, Wang J, Wu Q, Wang Q. Oral Pathogenic Bacteria and the Oral-Gut-Liver Axis: A New Understanding of Chronic Liver Diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3324. [PMID: 37958220 PMCID: PMC10648517 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13213324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases have long been a prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality, and their development and progression involve multiple vital organs throughout the body. Recent studies on the oral-gut-liver axis have revealed that the oral microbiota is associated with the pathophysiology of chronic liver diseases. Since interventions aimed at regulating oral biological disorders may delay the progress of liver disease, it is crucial to better comprehend this process. Oral bacteria with potential pathogenicity have been extensively studied and are closely related to several types of chronic liver diseases. Therefore, this review will systemically describe the emerging role of oral pathogenic bacteria in common liver diseases, including alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cirrhosis, autoimmune liver diseases (AILD), and liver cancer, and bring in new perspectives for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiang Wang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; (Y.L.); (S.L.); (M.H.); (Z.A.); (J.W.); (Q.W.)
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12
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Chihara K, Okada K, Uchida F, Miura I, Komine S, Warabi E, Takayama T, Suzuki H, Matsuzaka T, Ishibashi-Kanno N, Yamagata K, Yanagawa T, Bukawa H, Shoda J. Macrophage specific restoration of the Nrf2 gene in whole-body knockout mice ameliorates steatohepatitis induced by lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis through enhanced hepatic clearance. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291880. [PMID: 37862331 PMCID: PMC10588835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.), which causes periodontal disease, contributes to the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We investigated the role of Nrf2, an antioxidative stress sensor, in macrophages in the development of NASH induced by LPS from P.g. We generated macrophage-specific Nrf2 gene rescue mice (Nrf2-mRes), which express Nrf2 only in macrophages, using the cre/loxp system. Wild-type (WT) mice, whole body Nrf2-knockout (Nrf2-KO) mice, and Nrf2-mRes mice were fed a high-fat diet for 18 weeks, and LPS from P.g. was administered intraperitoneally for the last 6 weeks. Nrf2-KO mice developed severe steatohepatitis with liver inflammation and fibrosis compared with WT mice, and steatohepatitis was ameliorated in Nrf2-mRes mice. The mRNA expressions of Toll-like receptor (Tlr)-2, which activates inflammatory signaling pathways after LPS binding, and α-smooth muscle actin (αSma), which promotes hepatic fibrosis, were reduced in Nrf2-mRes mice compared with Nrf2-KO mice. The protein levels of LPS-binding protein in livers were increased in Nrf2-KO mice compared with WT mice; however, the levels were reduced in Nrf2-mRes mice despite similar numbers of F4/80 positive cells, which reflect macrophage/Kupffer cell infiltration into the livers. Nrf2 in macrophages ameliorates NASH through the increased hepatic clearance of LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Chihara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
- Doctoral Program in Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kosuke Okada
- Division of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Uchida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ikuru Miura
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shoichi Komine
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Faculty of Human Care, Teikyo Heisei University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Warabi
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takako Takayama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideo Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuzaka
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naomi Ishibashi-Kanno
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamagata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toru Yanagawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroki Bukawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Junichi Shoda
- Division of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
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13
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Wang S, Friedman SL. Found in translation-Fibrosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadi0759. [PMID: 37792957 PMCID: PMC10671253 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adi0759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a severe form of liver disease that poses a global health threat because of its potential to progress to advanced fibrosis, leading to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Recent advances in single-cell methodologies, refined disease models, and genetic and epigenetic insights have provided a nuanced understanding of MASH fibrogenesis, with substantial cellular heterogeneity in MASH livers providing potentially targetable cell-cell interactions and behavior. Unlike fibrogenesis, mechanisms underlying fibrosis regression in MASH are still inadequately understood, although antifibrotic targets have been recently identified. A refined antifibrotic treatment framework could lead to noninvasive assessment and targeted therapies that preserve hepatocellular function and restore the liver's architectural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Scott L. Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
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14
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Gao Y, Zhang P, Wei Y, Ye C, Mao D, Xia D, Luo Y. Porphyromonas gingivalis exacerbates alcoholic liver disease by altering gut microbiota composition and host immune response in mice. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:1253-1263. [PMID: 37381658 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a major periodontal pathogen, increases the risk of systemic diseases. P. gingivalis infection is closely associated with alcoholic liver disease (ALD), but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the role of P. gingivalis in the pathogenesis of ALD. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ALD mouse model was established using a Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet, and C57BL/6 mice were treated with P. gingivalis to detect the pathological indicators of ALD. RESULTS Oral administration of P. gingivalis exacerbated alcohol-induced alterations in the gut microbiota, leading to gut barrier dysfunction and inflammatory response and disruption of the T-helper 17 cell/T-regulatory cell ratio in the colon of ALD mice. Furthermore, P. gingivalis worsened liver inflammation in ALD mice by increasing the protein expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and p65, increasing the mRNA expression of interleukins-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and up-regulating the transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) production. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that P. gingivalis accelerates the pathogenesis of ALD via the oral-gut-liver axis, necessitating a new treatment strategy for patients with ALD complicated by periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Gao
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiming Wei
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chaolin Ye
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Daqing Mao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dasheng Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Luo
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Sato S, Iino C, Chinda D, Sasada T, Tateda T, Kaizuka M, Nomiya H, Igarashi G, Sawada K, Mikami T, Nakaji S, Sakuraba H, Fukuda S. Effect of Liver Fibrosis on Oral and Gut Microbiota in the Japanese General Population Determined by Evaluating the FibroScan-Aspartate Aminotransferase Score. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13470. [PMID: 37686272 PMCID: PMC10487682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between liver fibrosis and oral or gut microbiota has been studied before. However, epidemiological studies in the general population are limited owing to the difficulty of noninvasive liver-fibrosis assessment. FibroScan-asparate aminotransferase (FAST) scores can be used to accurately and non-invasively evaluate liver fibrosis. This study aimed to determine the association between liver fibrosis and oral or gut microbiota using the FAST score in the general population. After propensity score matching of 1059 participants based on sex, age, body mass index, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and triglyceride levels, 125 (non-liver-fibrosis group, 100; liver fibrosis group, 25) were included. The diversity of gut microbiota differed significantly between the two groups; however, no significant differences were noted in their oral microbiota. The liver fibrosis group showed an increase in the relative abundance of Fusobacteria strains and a decrease in the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium, with the presence of Fusicatenibacter in the gut microbiota. Feacalibacterium was not identified as an independent factor of liver fibrosis in adjusting the fatty liver index. In the general population, gut microbiota may be more involved in liver fibrosis than oral microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (S.S.); (T.S.); (T.T.); (M.K.); (H.N.); (G.I.); (H.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Chikara Iino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (S.S.); (T.S.); (T.T.); (M.K.); (H.N.); (G.I.); (H.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Daisuke Chinda
- Division of Endoscopy, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Takafumi Sasada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (S.S.); (T.S.); (T.T.); (M.K.); (H.N.); (G.I.); (H.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Tetsuyuki Tateda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (S.S.); (T.S.); (T.T.); (M.K.); (H.N.); (G.I.); (H.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Masatoshi Kaizuka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (S.S.); (T.S.); (T.T.); (M.K.); (H.N.); (G.I.); (H.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Hiroki Nomiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (S.S.); (T.S.); (T.T.); (M.K.); (H.N.); (G.I.); (H.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Go Igarashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (S.S.); (T.S.); (T.T.); (M.K.); (H.N.); (G.I.); (H.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Kaori Sawada
- Department of Preemptive Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (K.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Tatsuya Mikami
- Department of Preemptive Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (K.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Shigeyuki Nakaji
- Center of Healthy Aging Innovation, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan;
| | - Hirotake Sakuraba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (S.S.); (T.S.); (T.T.); (M.K.); (H.N.); (G.I.); (H.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Shinsaku Fukuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (S.S.); (T.S.); (T.T.); (M.K.); (H.N.); (G.I.); (H.S.); (S.F.)
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16
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Inamura K. Oral-Gut Microbiome Crosstalk in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3396. [PMID: 37444506 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased research efforts have led to a growing body of evidence on the human microbiota and its critical role in balanced health [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Inamura
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
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17
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Su Y, Ye L, Hu C, Zhang Y, Liu J, Shao L. Periodontitis as a promoting factor of T2D: current evidence and mechanisms. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:25. [PMID: 37321994 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00227-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an infectious disease caused by an imbalance between the local microbiota and host immune response. Epidemiologically, periodontitis is closely related to the occurrence, development, and poor prognosis of T2D and is recognized as a potential risk factor for T2D. In recent years, increasing attention has been given to the role of the virulence factors produced by disorders of the subgingival microbiota in the pathological mechanism of T2D, including islet β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance (IR). However, the related mechanisms have not been well summarized. This review highlights periodontitis-derived virulence factors, reviews how these stimuli directly or indirectly regulate islet β-cell dysfunction. The mechanisms by which IR is induced in insulin-targeting tissues (the liver, visceral adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle) are explained, clarifying the influence of periodontitis on the occurrence and development of T2D. In addition, the positive effects of periodontal therapy on T2D are overviewed. Finally, the limitations and prospects of the current research are discussed. In summary, periodontitis is worthy of attention as a promoting factor of T2D. Understanding on the effect of disseminated periodontitis-derived virulence factors on the T2D-related tissues and cells may provide new treatment options for reducing the risk of T2D associated with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Su
- Stomatology Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leilei Ye
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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18
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Sakamoto S, Nagasaki A, Shrestha M, Shintani T, Watanabe A, Furusho H, Chayama K, Takata T, Miyauchi M. Porphyromonas gingivalis-odontogenic infection is the potential risk for progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-related neoplastic nodule formation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9350. [PMID: 37291206 PMCID: PMC10250332 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36553-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.), a major periodontal pathogen is a known risk factor for various systemic diseases. However, the relationship between P.g. and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. Thus, we aimed to elucidate whether P.g.-odontogenic infection promotes NASH-related HCC development/progression and to clarify its mechanism. Using high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NASH mouse model, P.g. was infected odontogenically. After 60 weeks of infection, tumor profiles were examined. Chow diet (CD) groups were also prepared at 60 weeks. Nodule formation was only seen in HFD-mice. P.g.-odontogenic infection significantly increased the mean nodule area (P = 0.0188) and tended to promote histological progression score after 60 weeks (P = 0.0956). Interestingly, P.g. was detected in the liver. HFD-P.g. (+) showed numerous TNF-α positive hepatic crown-like structures and 8-OHdG expression in the non-neoplastic liver. In P.g.-infected hepatocytes, phosphorylation of integrin β1 signaling molecules (FAK/ERK/AKT) was upregulated in vitro. In fact, total AKT in the liver of HFD-P.g. (+) was higher than that of HFD-P.g. (-). P.g.-infected hepatocytes showed increased cell proliferation and migration, and decreased doxorubicin-mediated apoptosis. Integrin β1 knockdown inhibited these phenotypic changes. P.g.-odontogenic infection may promote the progression of neoplastic nodule formation in an HFD-induced NASH mouse model via integrin signaling and TNF-α induced oxidative DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinnichi Sakamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
- Division of Pathology, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Nagasaki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Madhu Shrestha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tomoaki Shintani
- Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Research Advancement, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Obu, Japan
| | - Hisako Furusho
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Collaborative Research Laboratory of Medical Innovation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Takata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
- Shunan University, 843-4-2 Gakuendai, Shunan, Japan.
| | - Mutsumi Miyauchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
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19
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Tan X, Wang Y, Gong T. The interplay between oral microbiota, gut microbiota and systematic diseases. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2213112. [PMID: 37200866 PMCID: PMC10187086 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2213112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the importance of microbiota in health and disease has become evident. The human gut microbiota and oral microbiota are the largest and second-largest microbiome in the human body, respectively, and they are physically connected as the oral cavity is the beginning of the digestive system. Emerging and exciting evidence has shown complex and important connections between gut microbiota and oral microbiota. The interplay of the two microbiomes may contribute to the pathological processes of many diseases, including diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, and so on. In this review, we discuss possible routes and factors of oral microbiota to affect gut microbiota, and the contribution of this interplay between oral and gut microbiota to systemic diseases. Although most studies are association studies, recently, there have been increasing mechanistic investigations. This review aims to enhance the interest in the connection between oral and gut microbiota, and shows the tangible impact of this connection on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujun Tan
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yizhong Wang
- Department of Research & Development, Zhejiang Charioteer Pharmaceutical CO. LTD, Taizhou, China
| | - Ting Gong
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
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20
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Afacan B, Ilhan HA, Köse T, Emingil G. Gingival crevicular fluid galectin-3 and interleukin-1 beta levels in stage 3 periodontitis with grade B and C. Clin Oral Investig 2023:10.1007/s00784-023-04991-7. [PMID: 37017753 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04991-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to evaluate GCF Galectin-3 and Interleukin-1 beta (IL-β) levels in different grades (B and C) of stage 3 periodontitis, concurrently, and also to investigate their discriminative efficiencies in periodontal diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 80 systemically healthy and non-smoker individuals, 20 stage 3 grade C (S3GC) periodontitis 20 stage 3 grade B (S3GB) periodontitis, 20 gingivitis, and 20 periodontally healthy were enrolled. Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded and GCF Galectin-3 and IL-1β total amounts were measured by ELISA. Receiver operating characteristics curve was used for estimating the area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS Galectin-3 and IL-1β were detected in all participants. Both periodontitis groups had significantly higher GCF Galectin-3 total amounts than periodontally healthy controls (p <0.05). S3GC periodontitis group had also significantly higher GCF Galectin-3 levels than gingivitis group (p <0.05). GCF IL-1β levels in periodontitis groups were higher than gingivitis and periodontally healthy groups (p <0.05). Galectin-3 exhibited an AUC value of 0.89 with 95% sensitivity to discriminate S3GC periodontitis from periodontal health, an AUC value of 0.87 with 80% sensitivity to discriminate S3GC periodontitis versus gingivitis, while an AUC value of 0.85 with 95% sensitivity to discriminate S3GB periodontitis from healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS GCF Galectin-3 levels are involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Galectin-3 showed excellent diagnostic performances to discriminate S3GB and S3GC periodontitis from periodontal health and gingivitis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The present findings suggest that GCF Galectin-3 levels may be useful in the diagnosis of the periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beral Afacan
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey.
| | - Harika Atmaca Ilhan
- Department of Biology, Section of Molecular Biology, School of Science, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Timur Köse
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gülnur Emingil
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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21
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Ezhilarasan D. Unraveling the pathophysiologic role of galectin-3 in chronically injured liver. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:673-686. [PMID: 36745560 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) previously referred to as S-type lectins, is a soluble protein that specifically binds to β-galactoside carbohydrates with high specificity. Gal-3 plays a pivotal role in a variety of pathophysiological processes such as cell proliferation, inflammation, differentiation, angiogenesis, transformation and apoptosis, pre-mRNA splicing, metabolic syndromes, fibrosis, and host defense. The role of Gal-3 has also been implicated in liver diseases. Gal-3 is activated upon a hepatotoxic insult to the liver and its level has been shown to be upregulated in fatty liver diseases, inflammation, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cholangitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Gal-3 directly interacts with the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3, and activates the inflammasome in macrophages of the liver. In the chronically injured liver, Gal-3 secreted by injured hepatocytes and immune cells, activates hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in a paracrine fashion to acquire a myofibroblast like collagen-producing phenotype. Activated HSCs in the fibrotic liver secrete Gal-3 which acts via autocrine signaling to exacerbate extracellular matrix synthesis and fibrogenesis. In the stromal microenvironment, Gal-3 activates cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasiveness, and metastasis. Clinically, increased serum levels and Gal-3 expression were observed in the liver tissue of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrotic/cirrhotic, and HCC patients. The pathological role of Gal-3 has been experimentally and clinically reported in the progression of chronic liver disease. Therefore, this review discusses the pathological role of Gal-3 in the progression of chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Medicine and Toxicology Lab, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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22
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Ding SB, Chu XL, Jin YX, Jiang JJ, Zhao X, Yu M. Epigallocatechin gallate alleviates high-fat diet-induced hepatic lipotoxicity by targeting mitochondrial ROS-mediated ferroptosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1148814. [PMID: 37025486 PMCID: PMC10070829 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1148814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic advanced liver disease that is highly related to metabolic disorders and induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Recently, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has been regarded as a protective bioactive polyphenol in green tea that has the ability to protect against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, but the molecular mechanism remains poorly deciphered. Ferroptosis plays a vital role in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, but experimental evidence of ferroptosis inhibition by epigallocatechin gallate is limited. Hence, our study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanisms of epigallocatechin gallate on hepatic ferroptosis to mitigate hepatic injury in high-fat diet-fed mice. Methods: Fifty male C57BL/6 mice were fed either a standard chow diet (SCD), a high-fat diet, or a high-fat diet and administered epigallocatechin gallate or ferrostatin-1 (a ferroptosis-specific inhibitor) for 12 weeks. Liver injury, lipid accumulation, hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, iron overload, and ferroptosis marker proteins were examined. In vitro, steatotic L-02 cells were used to explore the underlying mechanism. Results: In our research, we found that epigallocatechin gallate notably alleviated liver injury and lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, hepatic steatosis, decreased iron overload and inhibited ferroptosis in a high-fat diet-induced murine model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In vitro experiments, using ferrostatin-1 and a mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (MtROS) scavenger (Mito-TEMPO), we found that epigallocatechin gallate remarkably alleviated oxidative stress and inhibited ferroptosis by reducing the level of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in steatotic L-02 cells. Conclusion: Taken together, our results revealed that epigallocatechin gallate may exert protective effects on hepatic lipotoxicity by inhibiting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species-mediated hepatic ferroptosis. Findings from our study provide new insight into prevention and treatment strategies for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease pathological processes.
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23
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Yao C, Lan D, Li X, Wang Y, Qi S, Liu Y. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a risk factor for the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via ferroptosis. Microbes Infect 2023; 25:105040. [PMID: 35987459 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2022.105040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic liver disease that can eventually lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g) is the main pathogen that causes periodontal disease, which participates in the development of NAFLD. The purpose of our study was to further study the direct role of P.g in NAFLD and the underlying molecular mechanism. An animal model of oral P.g administration was established, and liver function and pathology in this model were evaluated. The gut microbiome and metabolic products were analysed. Furthermore, the Th17/Treg balance in the spleen and liver was assessed. In our study, NAFLD was observed in all the mice that were orally administered P.g. The gut microbiome and metabolic products were altered after oral P.g administration. P.g and ferroptosis were observed in the livers of the mice after oral P.g administration. Additionally, ferroptosis was observed in hepatocytes in vitro, but it was reversed by ferroptosis inhibitors. In addition, P.g triggered an imbalance in the Th17/Treg ratio in the liver and spleen in vivo. These findings suggest that oral P.g administration directly induced NAFLD in mice, which may be dependent on the ferroptosis of liver cells that occurs through the Th17/Treg imbalance induced by disordered microbial metabolism. Therefore, improving the periodontal environment is a novel treatment strategy for preventing NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yao
- Department of Prothodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Medical College, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Dongmei Lan
- Department of Prothodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Medical College, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Prothodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Medical College, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengcai Qi
- Department of Prothodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Medical College, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.
| | - Yuehua Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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章 可, 孙 妍, 潘 乙. [Developments in Research on the Relationship Between Porphyromonas gingivalis and Non-Oral Diseases]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2023; 54:20-26. [PMID: 36647638 PMCID: PMC10409047 DOI: 10.12182/20230160509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis ( P. gingivalis) is a common periodontal pathogen. Recently, there has been increasing evidence suggesting that P. gingivalis is not only a common pathogen in the oral cavity, but is also closely associated with non-oral diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, premature birth and non-alcoholic hepatitis, etc. Herein, we reviewed the developments in recent years in research on the relationship between P. gingivalis, a periodontal pathogen, and non-oral diseases, which will help determine whether P. gingivalis could be used as an auxiliary diagnostic biomarker or a potential therapeutic target for these non-oral diseases, thus contributing to the development of treatment strategies for the relevant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- 可可 章
- 温州医科大学口腔医学院·附属口腔医院 (温州 325000)School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - 妍 孙
- 温州医科大学口腔医学院·附属口腔医院 (温州 325000)School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - 乙怀 潘
- 温州医科大学口腔医学院·附属口腔医院 (温州 325000)School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Miyauchi S, Nishi H, Ouhara K, Tokuyama T, Okubo Y, Okamura S, Miyamoto S, Oguri N, Uotani Y, Takasaki T, Katayama K, Furusho H, Miyauchi M, Takahashi S, Hiyama T, Nakano Y. Relationship Between Periodontitis and Atrial Fibrosis in Atrial Fibrillation: Histological Evaluation of Left Atrial Appendages. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2023; 9:43-53. [PMID: 36697200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2022.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrosis contributes to the onset and persistence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and AF-related stroke. Periodontitis, a common infectious and inflammatory disease, aggravates some systemic diseases. However, the association of periodontitis with AF and with atrial fibrosis has remained unclarified. OBJECTIVES The authors aimed to elucidate the relationship between periodontitis and atrial fibrosis by studying resected left atrial appendages (LAAs). METHODS Seventy-six patients with AF (55 with nonparoxysmal AF, 25 with mitral valve regurgitation, 18 with LAA thrombus) who were scheduled to undergo LAA excision during cardiac surgery were prospectively enrolled. All patients underwent an oral examination, and the remaining number of teeth, bleeding on probing, periodontal probing depth, and periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) were evaluated as parameters of periodontitis. The degree of fibrosis in each LAA was quantified by Azan-Mallory staining. RESULTS Bleeding on probing (R = 0.48; P < 0.0001), periodontal probing depth of ≥4 mm (R = 0.26; P = 0.02), and PISA (R = 0.46; P < 0.0001) were positively correlated with atrial fibrosis. Among patients with >10 remaining teeth, PISA was positively and strongly correlated with atrial fibrosis (R = 0.57; P < 0.0001). After adjustments for age, AF duration, BMI, mitral valve regurgitation, and CHADS₂ (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age, diabetes, previous stroke/transient ischemic attack) score, PISA was significantly associated with atrial fibrosis (β = 0.016; P = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS The authors histologically revealed the association of periodontitis with atrial fibrosis. This indicates that periodontitis, which is modifiable, is likely a risk factor for AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Miyauchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Division of Medicine, Health Service Center, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nishi
- Department of General Dentistry, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Ouhara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takehito Tokuyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yousaku Okubo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Sho Okamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shogo Miyamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naoto Oguri
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukimi Uotani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Taiichi Takasaki
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keijiro Katayama
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hisako Furusho
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Miyauchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinya Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toru Hiyama
- Division of Medicine, Health Service Center, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nakano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
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Li Z, Ke X, Zuo D, Wang Z, Fang F, Li B. New Insights into the Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Radiotherapy for Cancer. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010048. [PMID: 36615706 PMCID: PMC9824372 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second most common cause of death among humans in the world, and the threat that it presents to human health is becoming more and more serious. The mechanisms of cancer development have not yet been fully elucidated, and new therapies are changing with each passing day. Evidence from the literature has validated the finding that the composition and modification of gut microbiota play an important role in the development of many different types of cancer. The results also demonstrate that there is a bidirectional interaction between the gut microbiota and radiotherapy treatments for cancer. In a nutshell, the modifications of the gut microbiota caused by radiotherapy have an effect on tumor radiosensitivity and, as a result, affect the efficacy of radiotherapy and show a certain radiation toxicity, which leads to numerous side effects. What is of new research significance is that the "gut-organ axis" formed by the gut microbiota may be one of the most interesting potential mechanisms, although the relevant research is still very limited. In this review, we combine new insights into the relationship between the gut microbiota, cancer, and radiotherapy. Based on our current comprehensive understanding of this relationship, we give an overview of the new cancer treatments based on the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiyang Ke
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Dan Zuo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Fang Fang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-431-85619455
| | - Bo Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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27
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Bai L, Lu W, Tang S, Tang H, Xu M, Liang C, Zheng S, Liu S, Kong M, Duan Z, Chen Y. Galectin-3 critically mediates the hepatoprotection conferred by M2-like macrophages in ACLF by inhibiting pyroptosis but not necroptosis signalling. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:775. [PMID: 36075893 PMCID: PMC9458748 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We previously documented that M2-like macrophages exert a hepatoprotective effect in acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) by inhibiting necroptosis signalling. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism behind this hepatoprotection still needs to be further dissected. Galectin-3 (GAL3) has been reported to be critically involved in the pathogenesis of multiple liver diseases, whereas the potential role of GAL3 in ACLF remains to be explored. Herein, we hypothesised that GAL3 plays a pivotal role in the hepatoprotection conferred by M2-like macrophages in ACLF by inhibiting necroptosis. To test this hypothesis, we first assessed the expression of GAL3 in control and fibrotic mice with or without acute insult. Second, loss- and gain-of-function experiments of GAL3 were performed. Third, the correlation between GAL3 and M2-like macrophage activation was analysed, and the potential role of GAL3 in M2-like macrophage-conferred hepatoprotection was confirmed. Finally, the molecular mechanism underlying GAL3-mediated hepatoprotection was dissected. GAL3 was found to be obviously upregulated in fibrotic mice with or without acute insult but not in acutely injured mice. Depletion of GAL3 aggravated hepatic damage in fibrotic mice upon insult. Conversely, adoptive transfer of GAL3 provided normal mice enhanced resistance against acute insult. The expression of GAL3 is closely correlated with M2-like macrophage activation. Through adoptive transfer and depletion experiments, M2-like macrophages were verified to act as a major source of GAL3. Importantly, GAL3 was confirmed to hold a pivotal place in the hepatoprotection conferred by M2-like macrophages through loss- and gain-of-function experiments. Unexpectedly, the depletion and adoptive transfer of GAL3 resulted in significant differences in the expression levels of pyroptosis but not necroptosis signalling molecules. Taken together, GAL3 plays a pivotal role in the hepatoprotection conferred by M2-like macrophages in ACLF by inhibiting pyroptosis but not necroptosis signalling. Our findings provide novel insights into the pathogenesis and therapy of ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Bai
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XThe Fourth Department of Hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China ,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, 100069 Beijing, China
| | - Wang Lu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XThe Fourth Department of Hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China ,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, 100069 Beijing, China
| | - Shan Tang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XThe First Department of Hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China
| | - Huixin Tang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XThe Fourth Department of Hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China ,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, 100069 Beijing, China
| | - Manman Xu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XThe Fourth Department of Hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China ,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, 100069 Beijing, China
| | - Chen Liang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XThe First Department of Hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China
| | - Sujun Zheng
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XThe First Department of Hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XThe Fourth Department of Hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China ,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, 100069 Beijing, China
| | - Ming Kong
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XThe Fourth Department of Hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China ,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, 100069 Beijing, China
| | - Zhongping Duan
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XThe Fourth Department of Hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China ,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, 100069 Beijing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XThe Fourth Department of Hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China ,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, 100069 Beijing, China
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Sato S, Kamata Y, Kessoku T, Shimizu T, Kobayashi T, Kurihashi T, Takashiba S, Hatanaka K, Hamada N, Kodama T, Higurashi T, Taguri M, Yoneda M, Usuda H, Wada K, Nakajima A, Morozumi T, Minabe M. A cross-sectional study assessing the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and periodontal disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13621. [PMID: 35948584 PMCID: PMC9365789 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17917-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression are not completely known. Porphyromonas gingivalis infection is a risk factor for systemic diseases. We investigated the association of P. gingivalis infection with the risk of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis progression. Here, hematological tests, periodontal examination, and saliva collection were performed for 164 patients with NAFLD. P. gingivalis was identified in saliva using polymerase chain reaction. Hepatic steatosis and stiffness were evaluated using vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) and magnetic resonance imaging. In patients with NAFLD, P. gingivalis positivity (P. gingivalis ratio ≥ 0.01%) in saliva correlated with liver stiffness determined using magnetic resonance elastography (MRE; p < 0.0001). A P. gingivalis ratio of 0.01% corresponds to 100,000 cells/mL and indicates the proportion of P. gingivalis in the total number of bacteria in the oral cavity. Patients with NAFLD and advanced fibrosis on MRE showed significantly elevated endotoxin activity; those who had > 10 periodontal pockets with depths ≥ 4 mm had significantly increased hepatic stiffness on both VCTE and MRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satsuki Sato
- Department of Highly Advanced Oral Stomatology, Yokohama Clinic, Kanagawa Dental University, 3-31-6 Tsuruya-cho, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 221-0835, Japan
| | - Yohei Kamata
- Department of Highly Advanced Oral Stomatology, Yokohama Clinic, Kanagawa Dental University, 3-31-6 Tsuruya-cho, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 221-0835, Japan.
| | - Takaomi Kessoku
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shimizu
- Department of Highly Advanced Oral Stomatology, Yokohama Clinic, Kanagawa Dental University, 3-31-6 Tsuruya-cho, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 221-0835, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takeo Kurihashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yokohama Clinic, Kanagawa Dental University, 3-31-6 Tsuruya-cho, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 221-0835, Japan
| | - Shogo Takashiba
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Kazu Hatanaka
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Nobushiro Hamada
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Oral Science Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 238-8580, Japan
| | - Toshiro Kodama
- Department of Implantology and Periodontology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 3-31-6 Tsuruya-cho, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 221-0835, Japan
| | - Takuma Higurashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masataka Taguri
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Haruki Usuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Shimane University School of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho Izumo, Shimane, 693-0581, Japan
| | - Koichiro Wada
- Department of Pharmacology, Shimane University School of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho Izumo, Shimane, 693-0581, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Toshiya Morozumi
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Interdisciplinary Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 238-8580, Japan
| | - Masato Minabe
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Interdisciplinary Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 238-8580, Japan
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Wu L, Shi R, Bai H, Wang X, Wei J, Liu C, Wu Y. Porphyromonas gingivalis Induces Increases in Branched-Chain Amino Acid Levels and Exacerbates Liver Injury Through livh/livk. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:776996. [PMID: 35360107 PMCID: PMC8961321 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.776996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone periodontal pathogen, has emerged as a risk factor for systemic chronic diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). To clarify the mechanism by which this pathogen induces such diseases, we simultaneously analyzed the transcriptome of intracellular P. gingivalis and infected host cells via dual RNA sequencing. Pathway analysis was also performed to determine the differentially expressed genes in the infected cells. Further, the infection-induced notable expression of P. gingivalis livk and livh genes, which participate in branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) transfer, was also analyzed. Furthermore, given that the results of recent studies have associated NAFLD progression with elevated serum BCAA levels, which reportedly, are upregulated by P. gingivalis, we hypothesized that this pathogen may induce increases in serum BCAA levels and exacerbate liver injury via livh/livk. To verify this hypothesis, we constructed P. gingivalis livh/livk-deficient strains (Δlivk, Δlivh) and established a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed murine model infected with P. gingivalis. Thereafter, the kinetic growth and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production rates as well as the invasion efficiency and in vivo colonization of the mutant strains were compared with those of the parental strain. The serum BCAA and fasting glucose levels of the mice infected with either the wild-type or mutant strains, as well as their liver function were also further investigated. It was observed that P. gingivalis infection enhanced serum BCAA levels and aggravated liver injury in the HFD-fed mice. Additionally, livh deletion had no effect on bacterial growth, EPS production, invasion efficiency, and in vivo colonization, whereas the Δlivk strain showed a slight decrease in invasion efficiency and in vivo colonization. More importantly, however, both the Δlivk and Δlivh strains showed impaired ability to upregulate serum BCAA levels or exacerbate liver injury in HFD-fed mice. Overall, these results suggested that P. gingivalis possibly aggravates NAFLD progression in HFD-fed mice by increasing serum BCAA levels, and this effect showed dependency on the bacterial BCAA transport system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Periodontics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Periodontics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Huimin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Periodontics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingtong Wang
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Wei
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Periodontics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chengcheng Liu, ; Yafei Wu,
| | - Yafei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Periodontics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chengcheng Liu, ; Yafei Wu,
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Albuquerque-Souza E, Sahingur SE. Periodontitis, chronic liver diseases, and the emerging oral-gut-liver axis. Periodontol 2000 2022; 89:125-141. [PMID: 35244954 PMCID: PMC9314012 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The liver carries out a wide range of functions ranging from the control of metabolites, nutrient storage, and detoxification to immunosurveillance. While inflammation is essential for the tissue remodeling and maintenance of homeostasis and normal liver physiology, constant exposure to dietary and microbial products creates a niche for potentially prolonged immune activation and unresolved inflammation in susceptible host. Failure to restrain inflammation can lead to development of chronic liver diseases characterized by fibrosis, cirrhosis and eventually liver failure. The liver maintains close interactions with numerous organs which can influence its metabolism and physiology. It is also known that oral cavity microenvironment can influence the physiological conditions of other organs and emerging evidence implicates that this could be true for the liver as well. Presence of chronic inflammation and dysbiotic microbiota is a common feature leading to clinical pathology both in periodontitis and chronic liver diseases (CLDs). In fact, known CLDs appear to have some relationship with periodontitis, which impacts the onset or progression of these conditions in a bidirectional crosstalk. In this review, we explore the emerging association between oral‐gut‐liver axis focusing on periodontitis and common CLDs including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular cancer. We highlight the immune pathways and oral microbiome interactions which can link oral cavity and liver health and offer perspectives for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Albuquerque-Souza
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sinem E Sahingur
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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31
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Oral Health and Liver Disease: Bidirectional Associations—A Narrative Review. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10020016. [PMID: 35200242 PMCID: PMC8870998 DOI: 10.3390/dj10020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Several links between chronic liver disease and oral health have been described and are discussed in this narrative review. Oral manifestations such as lichen planus, ulcers, xerostomia, erosion and tongue abnormalities seem to be particularly prevalent among patients with chronic liver disease. These may be causal, coincidental, secondary to therapeutic interventions, or attributable to other factors commonly observed in liver disease patients. In addition, findings from both experimental and epidemiological studies suggest that periodontitis can induce liver injury and contribute to the progression of chronic liver disease through periodontitis-induced systemic inflammation, endotoxemia, and gut dysbiosis with increased intestinal translocation. This has brought forward the hypothesis of an oral-gut-liver axis. Preliminary clinical intervention studies indicate that local periodontal treatments may lead to beneficial liver effects, but more human studies are needed to clarify if treatment of periodontitis truly can halt or reverse progression of liver disease and improve liver-related outcomes.
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32
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Wang T, Ishikawa T, Sasaki M, Chiba T. Oral and Gut Microbial Dysbiosis and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The Central Role of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:822190. [PMID: 35308549 PMCID: PMC8924514 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.822190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota play many important roles, such as the regulation of immunity and barrier function in the intestine, and are crucial for maintaining homeostasis in living organisms. The disruption in microbiota is called dysbiosis, which has been associated with various chronic inflammatory conditions, food allergies, colorectal cancer, etc. The gut microbiota is also affected by several other factors such as diet, antibiotics and other medications, or bacterial and viral infections. Moreover, there are some reports on the oral-gut-liver axis indicating that the disruption of oral microbiota affects the intestinal biota. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the systemic diseases caused due to the dysregulation of the oral-gut-liver axis. NAFLD is the most common liver disease reported in the developed countries. It includes liver damage ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and cancer. Recently, accumulating evidence supports an association between NAFLD and dysbiosis of oral and gut microbiota. Periodontopathic bacteria, especially Porphyromonas gingivalis, have been correlated with the pathogenesis and development of NAFLD based on the clinical and basic research, and immunology. P. gingivalis was detected in the liver, and lipopolysaccharide from this bacteria has been shown to be involved in the progression of NAFLD, thereby indicating a direct role of P. gingivalis in NAFLD. Moreover, P. gingivalis induces dysbiosis of gut microbiota, which promotes the progression of NAFLD, through disrupting both metabolic and immunologic pathways. Here, we review the roles of microbial dysbiosis in NAFLD. Focusing on P. gingivalis, we evaluate and summarize the most recent advances in our understanding of the relationship between oral-gut microbiome symbiosis and the pathogenesis and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, as well as discuss novel strategies targeting both P. gingivalis and microbial dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
- Ting Wang
| | - Taichi Ishikawa
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Minoru Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Toshimi Chiba
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Toshimi Chiba
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Ezhilarasan D. Deciphering the toxicological role of Porphyromonas gingivalis derived endotoxins in liver diseases. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 88:103755. [PMID: 34662732 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a most prevalent and infectious multifactorial inflammatory disease and is characterized by the progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a Gram‑negative oral anaerobe, mainly causes periodontitis and it is one of the most important risk factors responsible for aggravation of existing systemic diseases. Several experimental and clinical studies have shown the positive association between periodontitis and different forms of liver disease. Periodontal diseases increase the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases and cirrhosis. Infected periodontium and pathogens in the periodontal microenvironments release pathogen-associated molecular patterns such as peptidoglycan, lipopolysaccharides, gingipain, fimbria, bacterial DNA, etc, and damage-associated molecular patterns such as interleukins-1α, β, - 8, and galectin-3, etc. These virulence factors and cytokines enter the bloodstream, disseminate into the whole body, and induce a variety of systemic pathological effects, including liver diseases (steatosis and fibrosis). Maintaining oral hygiene by scaling and root planning significantly improves liver damage in patients with periodontitis. Dentists and physicians should have more awareness in understanding the bidirectional nature of the relationship between oral and systemic diseases. Importantly, periodontitis condition aggravates simple fatty liver into fibrotic disease and therefore, the aim of this review is to understand the possible link between periodontitis and liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, The Blue Lab, Molecular Medicine and Toxicology Division, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 077, India.
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Luo N, Li J, Wei Y, Lu J, Dong R. Hepatic Stellate Cell: A Double-Edged Sword in the Liver. Physiol Res 2021; 70:821-829. [PMID: 34717063 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are located in the space of Disse, between liver sinusoidal endothelia cells (LSECs) and hepatocytes. They have surprised and excited hepatologists for their biological characteristics. Under physiological quiescent conditions, HSCs are the major vitamin A-storing cells of the liver, playing crucial roles in the liver development, regeneration, and tissue homeostasis. Upon injury-induced activation, HSCs convert to a pro-fibrotic state, producing the excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) and promoting angiogenesis in the liver fibrogenesis. Activated HSCs significantly contribute to liver fibrosis progression and inactivated HSCs are key to liver fibrosis regression. In this review, we summarize the comprehensive understanding of HSCs features, including their roles in normal liver and liver fibrosis in hopes of advancing the development of emerging diagnosis and treatment for hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianan Luo
- Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. ,
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Effect of Fermented Rice Drink “Amazake” on Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Periodontal Disease: A Pilot Study. REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/reports4040036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide increase in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major public health problem. Obesity and diabetes are risk factors for NAFLD and the development of liver fibrosis is a risk factor for liver cancer. Periodontal disease bacteria can also exacerbate NAFLD. We previously reported that amazake, a traditional Japanese fermented food, improves the quality of life (QOL) of patients with liver cirrhosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of amazake intake on NAFLD patients with periodontal disease. Ten patients (mean age: 57.1 ± 19.2 years) consumed 100 g of amazake daily for 60 days. On days 0 and 60, their body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, serum biochemical parameters, periodontal disease bacteria in saliva, and ten visual analog scales (VASs), namely, sense of abdomen distension, edema, fatigue, muscle cramps, loss of appetite, taste disorder, constipation, diarrhea, depression, and sleep disorder, were measured. For periodontal bacteria, the numbers of six types of bacteria in saliva (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, and Fusobacterium necleatum) and P. gingivalis-specific fimA genotype were determined. After 60 days of amazake consumption, eosinophils (p < 0.05), immune reactive insulin (IRI) (p < 0.01), and HOMA-IR (p < 0.05) had significantly increased and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) (p < 0.01), muscle cramps (p < 0.05), and depression (p < 0.05) had significantly decreased. All subjective symptoms improved after amazake intake. No change was observed in the periodontal bacteria. In conclusion, amazake significantly decreased TNFα and improved the QOL of the patients with NAFLD and periodontitis. However, caution should be exercised because amazake, which is manufactured using techniques that lead to concentrations of glucose from the saccharification of rice starch, may worsen glucose metabolism in NAFLD patients. Amazake may be an effective food for improving the symptoms of a fatty liver if energy intake is regulated.
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36
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Kuraji R, Sekino S, Kapila Y, Numabe Y. Periodontal disease-related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: An emerging concept of oral-liver axis. Periodontol 2000 2021; 87:204-240. [PMID: 34463983 PMCID: PMC8456799 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal disease, a chronic inflammatory disease of the periodontal tissues, is not only a major cause of tooth loss, but it is also known to exacerbate/be associated with various metabolic disorders, such as obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease. Recently, growing evidence has suggested that periodontal disease has adverse effects on the pathophysiology of liver disease. In particular, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, has been associated with periodontal disease. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is characterized by hepatic fat deposition in the absence of a habitual drinking history, viral infections, or autoimmune diseases. A subset of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases can develop into more severe and progressive forms, namely nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The latter can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, which are end‐stage liver diseases. Extensive research has provided plausible mechanisms to explain how periodontal disease can negatively affect nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, namely via hematogenous or enteral routes. During periodontitis, the liver is under constant exposure to various pathogenic factors that diffuse systemically from the oral cavity, such as bacteria and their by‐products, inflammatory cytokines, and reactive oxygen species, and these can be involved in disease promotion of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Also, gut microbiome dysbiosis induced by enteral translocation of periodontopathic bacteria may impair gut wall barrier function and promote the transfer of hepatotoxins and enterobacteria to the liver through the enterohepatic circulation. Moreover, in a population with metabolic syndrome, the interaction between periodontitis and systemic conditions related to insulin resistance further strengthens the association with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, most of the pathologic links between periodontitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in humans are provided by epidemiologic observational studies, with the causal relationship not yet being established. Several systematic and meta‐analysis studies also show conflicting results. In addition, the effect of periodontal treatment on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has hardly been studied. Despite these limitations, the global burden of periodontal disease combined with the recent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease epidemic has important clinical and public health implications. Emerging evidence suggests an association between periodontal disease and liver diseases, and thus we propose the term periodontal disease–related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or periodontal disease–related nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Continued efforts in this area will pave the way for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches based on a periodontologic viewpoint to address this life‐threatening liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Kuraji
- Department of Life Science Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Satoshi Sekino
- Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yvonne Kapila
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yukihiro Numabe
- Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Nagasaki A, Sakamoto S, Arai T, Kato M, Ishida E, Furusho H, Fujii M, Takata T, Miyauchi M. Elimination of Porphyromonas gingivalis inhibits liver fibrosis and inflammation in NASH. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 48:1367-1378. [PMID: 34250613 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a critical liver disease showing potential progression to liver cirrhosis/cancer. Previously, we had reported that odontogenic infection of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a major periodontal pathogen, exacerbates fibrosis in NASH through the production of fibrosis mediators such as transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and galectin-3. In this study, we determined the effects of therapeutic interventions using antibiotics on NASH progression induced by P. gingivalis odontogenic infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS To eliminate P. gingivalis infection, the macrolide antibiotic [azithromycin (AZM)] was applied locally and/or systemically to a high-fat-diet-induced NASH mouse model with P. gingivalis odontogenic infection. After treatment with AZM, liver and periodontal tissues were analysed with focus on inflammation markers such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)/Tnf-α and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)/Il-1β, and fibrosis markers such as galectin-3, phosphorylated Smad2 (pSmad2; key signalling molecule of TGF-β1), and the number of hepatic crown-like structures (hCLSs). Further, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Activity Score (NAS), a common histological scoring system, and fibrosis area were evaluated. RESULTS P. gingivalis odontogenic infection significantly increased the expression of Tnf-α, Il-1β, galectin-3, and pSmad2, the number of hCLSs, and NAS score, whereas the elimination of P. gingivalis odontogenic infection, especially local with or without systemic application, significantly inhibited them. CONCLUSION This study suggests that elimination of P. gingivalis odontogenic infection inhibited NASH progression induced by the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiro Nagasaki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinnichi Sakamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshiki Arai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Minami Kato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Eri Ishida
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hisako Furusho
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Makiko Fujii
- Department of Global Dental Medicine & Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Takata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Tokuyama University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Miyauchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Park SY, Hwang BO, Lim M, Ok SH, Lee SK, Chun KS, Park KK, Hu Y, Chung WY, Song NY. Oral-Gut Microbiome Axis in Gastrointestinal Disease and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2124. [PMID: 33924899 PMCID: PMC8125773 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that microbiota dysbiosis is closely associated with numerous diseases in the human body. The oral cavity and gut are the two largest microbial habitats, playing a major role in microbiome-associated diseases. Even though the oral cavity and gut are continuous regions connected through the gastrointestinal tract, the oral and gut microbiome profiles are well-segregated due to the oral-gut barrier. However, the oral microbiota can translocate to the intestinal mucosa in conditions of the oral-gut barrier dysfunction. Inversely, the gut-to-oral microbial transmission occurs as well in inter- and intrapersonal manners. Recently, it has been reported that oral and gut microbiomes interdependently regulate physiological functions and pathological processes. Oral-to-gut and gut-to-oral microbial transmissions can shape and/or reshape the microbial ecosystem in both habitats, eventually modulating pathogenesis of disease. However, the oral-gut microbial interaction in pathogenesis has been underappreciated to date. Here, we will highlight the oral-gut microbiome crosstalk and its implications in the pathogenesis of the gastrointestinal disease and cancer. Better understanding the role of the oral-gut microbiome axis in pathogenesis will be advantageous for precise diagnosis/prognosis and effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Young Park
- Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, and BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (B.-O.H.); (S.-H.O.)
| | - Byeong-Oh Hwang
- Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, and BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (B.-O.H.); (S.-H.O.)
| | - Mihwa Lim
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea; (M.L.); (S.-K.L.); (K.-K.P.)
| | - Seung-Ho Ok
- Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, and BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (B.-O.H.); (S.-H.O.)
| | - Sun-Kyoung Lee
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea; (M.L.); (S.-K.L.); (K.-K.P.)
| | - Kyung-Soo Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea;
| | - Kwang-Kyun Park
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea; (M.L.); (S.-K.L.); (K.-K.P.)
| | - Yinling Hu
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Won-Yoon Chung
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, and BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Na-Young Song
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea; (M.L.); (S.-K.L.); (K.-K.P.)
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39
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Oral–Gut Microbiome Axis in Gastrointestinal Disease and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that microbiota dysbiosis is closely associated with numerous diseases in the human body. The oral cavity and gut are the two largest microbial habitats, playing a major role in microbiome-associated diseases. Even though the oral cavity and gut are continuous regions connected through the gastrointestinal tract, the oral and gut microbiome profiles are well-segregated due to the oral–gut barrier. However, the oral microbiota can translocate to the intestinal mucosa in conditions of the oral–gut barrier dysfunction. Inversely, the gut-to-oral microbial transmission occurs as well in inter- and intrapersonal manners. Recently, it has been reported that oral and gut microbiomes interdependently regulate physiological functions and pathological processes. Oral-to-gut and gut-to-oral microbial transmissions can shape and/or reshape the microbial ecosystem in both habitats, eventually modulating pathogenesis of disease. However, the oral–gut microbial interaction in pathogenesis has been underappreciated to date. Here, we will highlight the oral–gut microbiome crosstalk and its implications in the pathogenesis of the gastrointestinal disease and cancer. Better understanding the role of the oral–gut microbiome axis in pathogenesis will be advantageous for precise diagnosis/prognosis and effective treatment.
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40
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Hatasa M, Yoshida S, Takahashi H, Tanaka K, Kubotsu Y, Ohsugi Y, Katagiri T, Iwata T, Katagiri S. Relationship between NAFLD and Periodontal Disease from the View of Clinical and Basic Research, and Immunological Response. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3728. [PMID: 33918456 PMCID: PMC8038294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease caused by pathogenic oral microorganisms that leads to the destruction of alveolar bone and connective tissues around the teeth. Although many studies have shown that periodontal disease is a risk factor for systemic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, the relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and periodontal disease has not yet been clarified. Thus, the purpose of this review was to reveal the relationship between NAFLD and periodontal disease based on epidemiological studies, basic research, and immunology. Many cross-sectional and prospective epidemiological studies have indicated that periodontal disease is a risk factor for NAFLD. An in vivo animal model revealed that infection with periodontopathic bacteria accelerates the progression of NAFLD accompanied by enhanced steatosis. Moreover, the detection of periodontopathic bacteria in the liver may demonstrate that the bacteria have a direct impact on NAFLD. Furthermore, Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide induces inflammation and accumulation of intracellular lipids in hepatocytes. Th17 may be a key molecule for explaining the relationship between periodontal disease and NAFLD. In this review, we attempted to establish that oral health is essential for systemic health, especially in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Hatasa
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (M.H.); (S.Y.); (Y.O.); (T.I.)
| | - Sumiko Yoshida
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (M.H.); (S.Y.); (Y.O.); (T.I.)
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (K.T.); (Y.K.)
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tanaka
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (K.T.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yoshihito Kubotsu
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (K.T.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yujin Ohsugi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (M.H.); (S.Y.); (Y.O.); (T.I.)
| | - Takaharu Katagiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan;
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (M.H.); (S.Y.); (Y.O.); (T.I.)
| | - Sayaka Katagiri
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (M.H.); (S.Y.); (Y.O.); (T.I.)
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Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis caused by oral bacteria. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Effects of Exercise on the Oral Microbiota and Saliva of Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073470. [PMID: 33810609 PMCID: PMC8036855 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exercise can be hypothesized to play an important role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) treatment by changing the oral bacterial flora and in the mechanism underlying periodontal disease. We performed salivary component analysis before and after an exercise regimen, and genome analysis of the oral bacterial flora to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Obese middle-aged men with NAFLD and periodontal disease were allocated to 12-week exercise (n = 49) or dietary restriction (n = 21) groups. We collected saliva to compare the oral microflora; performed predictive analysis of metagenomic functions; and, measured the salivary immunoglobulin A, cytokine, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and lactoferrin concentrations. The exercise group showed improvements in the clinical indices of oral environment. Salivary component analysis revealed significant reductions in LPS, and lactoferrin during the exercise regimen. Diversity analysis of oral bacterial flora revealed higher alpha- and beta-diversity after the exercise regimen. Analysis of the microbial composition revealed that the numbers of Campylobacter (+83.9%), Corynebacterium (+142.3%), Actinomyces (+75.9%), and Lautropia (+172.9%) were significantly higher, and that of Prevotella (−28.3%) was significantly lower. The findings suggest that an exercise regimen improves the oral environment of NAFLD patients by increasing the diversity of the oral microflora and reducing the number of periodontal bacteria that produce LPS and its capability.
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Miyauchi S, Tokuyama T, Shintani T, Nishi H, Hamamoto Y, Ouhara K, Furusho H, Miyauchi M, Komatsuzawa H, Nakano Y. Periodontitis and the outcome of atrial fibrillation ablation: Porphyromonas gingivalis is related to atrial fibrillation recurrence. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2021; 32:1240-1250. [PMID: 33590642 DOI: 10.1111/jce.14952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammation is one of the main causes of atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after ablation. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a key periodontal pathogen in the oral-systemic disease connection and serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titers against P. gingivalis reflect the clinical status of periodontitis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between late recurrence of AF after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) and serum IgG antibody titers against P. gingivalis. METHODS A total of 596 AF patients (mean age, 64.9 ± 10.0 years; 69% male; 61% paroxysmal AF) who underwent a first session of RFCA were enrolled. Patients were carefully examined for late recurrence during a mean follow-up period of 17.1 ± 14.5 months. Serum IgG antibody titers against P. gingivalis (types I-IV) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results of serum antibody titers were divided into a high-value and a low-value group. RESULTS Among the five P. gingivalis subtypes, serum antibody titer against P. gingivalis type IV was associated with late recurrence (odds ratio, 1.937; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.301-2.884; p = .002). Multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis revealed that high-value serum antibody titer against P. gingivalis type IV independently predicted late recurrence (paroxysmal AF: adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.569; 95% CI, 1.010-2.427; p = .04; non-paroxysmal AF: adjusted HR, 1.909; 95% CI, 1.213-3.005; p = .004). CONCLUSION Periodontitis was related to the late recurrence of AF after RFCA. P. gingivalis type IV may be pathogenic for AF recurrence after RFCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Miyauchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takehito Tokuyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Shintani
- Center for Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nishi
- Department of General Dentistry, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuta Hamamoto
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Ouhara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hisako Furusho
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Miyauchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Komatsuzawa
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nakano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Local and systemic mechanisms linking periodontal disease and inflammatory comorbidities. Nat Rev Immunol 2021; 21:426-440. [PMID: 33510490 PMCID: PMC7841384 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-00488-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 570] [Impact Index Per Article: 190.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis, a major inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa, is epidemiologically associated with other chronic inflammation-driven disorders, including cardio-metabolic, neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases and cancer. Emerging evidence from interventional studies indicates that local treatment of periodontitis ameliorates surrogate markers of comorbid conditions. The potential causal link between periodontitis and its comorbidities is further strengthened by recent experimental animal studies establishing biologically plausible and clinically consistent mechanisms whereby periodontitis could initiate or aggravate a comorbid condition. This multi-faceted ‘mechanistic causality’ aspect of the link between periodontitis and comorbidities is the focus of this Review. Understanding how certain extra-oral pathologies are affected by disseminated periodontal pathogens and periodontitis-associated systemic inflammation, including adaptation of bone marrow haematopoietic progenitors, may provide new therapeutic options to reduce the risk of periodontitis-associated comorbidities. Periodontitis has been causally linked to the development of other chronic inflammatory diseases outside the oral mucosa. In this Review, George Hajishengallis and Triantafyllos Chavakis consider the molecular basis of these links.
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Schippers M, Post E, Eichhorn I, Langeland J, Beljaars L, Malo MS, Hodin RA, Millán JL, Popov Y, Schuppan D, Poelstra K. Phosphate Groups in the Lipid A Moiety Determine the Effects of LPS on Hepatic Stellate Cells: A Role for LPS-Dephosphorylating Activity in Liver Fibrosis. Cells 2020; 9:E2708. [PMID: 33348845 PMCID: PMC7766276 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity is highly upregulated in plasma during liver diseases. Previously, we demonstrated that AP is able to detoxify lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by dephosphorylating its lipid A moiety. Because a role of gut-derived LPS in liver fibrogenesis has become evident, we now examined the relevance of phosphate groups in the lipid A moiety in this process. The effects of mono-phosphoryl and di-phosphoryl lipid A (MPLA and DPLA, respectively) were studied in vitro and LPS-dephosphorylating activity was studied in normal and fibrotic mouse and human livers. The effects of intestinal AP were studied in mice with CCL4-induced liver fibrosis. DPLA strongly stimulated fibrogenic and inflammatory activities in primary rat hepatic stellate cells (rHSCs) and RAW264.7 macrophages with similar potency as full length LPS. However, MPLA did not affect any of the parameters. LPS-dephosphorylating activity was found in mouse and human livers and was strongly increased during fibrogenesis. Treatment of fibrotic mice with intravenous intestinal-AP significantly attenuated intrahepatic desmin+- and αSMA+ -HSC and CD68+- macrophage accumulation. In conclusion, the lack of biological activity of MPLA, contrasting with the profound activities of DPLA, shows the relevance of LPS-dephosphorylating activity. The upregulation of LPS-dephosphorylating activity in fibrotic livers and the protective effects of exogenous AP during fibrogenesis indicate an important physiological role of intestinal-derived AP during liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Schippers
- Department of Nanomedice and Drug Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.S.); (E.P.); (I.E.); (J.L.); (L.B.)
| | - Eduard Post
- Department of Nanomedice and Drug Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.S.); (E.P.); (I.E.); (J.L.); (L.B.)
| | - Ilse Eichhorn
- Department of Nanomedice and Drug Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.S.); (E.P.); (I.E.); (J.L.); (L.B.)
| | - Jitske Langeland
- Department of Nanomedice and Drug Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.S.); (E.P.); (I.E.); (J.L.); (L.B.)
| | - Leonie Beljaars
- Department of Nanomedice and Drug Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.S.); (E.P.); (I.E.); (J.L.); (L.B.)
| | - Madhu S. Malo
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (M.S.M.); (R.A.H.)
- Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation for Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM), Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Richard A. Hodin
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (M.S.M.); (R.A.H.)
| | - José Luis Millán
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Yury Popov
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (Y.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (Y.P.); (D.S.)
- Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaas Poelstra
- Department of Nanomedice and Drug Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.S.); (E.P.); (I.E.); (J.L.); (L.B.)
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Mei F, Xie M, Huang X, Long Y, Lu X, Wang X, Chen L. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Its Systemic Impact: Current Status. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9110944. [PMID: 33202751 PMCID: PMC7696708 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between periodontitis and systemic diseases, notably including atherosclerosis and diabetes, has been studied for several years. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a prominent component of oral microorganism communities, is the main pathogen that causes periodontitis. As a result of the extensive analysis of this organism, the evidence of its connection to systemic diseases has become more apparent over the last decade. A significant amount of research has explored the role of Porphyromonas gingivalis in atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and adverse pregnancy outcomes, while relatively few studies have examined its contribution to respiratory diseases, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and depression. Here, we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge about Porphyromonas gingivalis and its systemic impact in an aim to inform readers of the existing epidemiological evidence and the most recent preclinical studies. Additionally, the possible mechanisms by which Porphyromonas gingivalis is involved in the onset or exacerbation of diseases, together with its effects on systemic health, are covered. Although a few results remain controversial, it is now evident that Porphyromonas gingivalis should be regarded as a modifiable factor for several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Mei
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (F.M.); (M.X.); (X.H.); (Y.L.); (X.L.)
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Mengru Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (F.M.); (M.X.); (X.H.); (Y.L.); (X.L.)
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaofei Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (F.M.); (M.X.); (X.H.); (Y.L.); (X.L.)
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yanlin Long
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (F.M.); (M.X.); (X.H.); (Y.L.); (X.L.)
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (F.M.); (M.X.); (X.H.); (Y.L.); (X.L.)
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (L.C.)
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (F.M.); (M.X.); (X.H.); (Y.L.); (X.L.)
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (L.C.)
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