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Lee HK, Yang YJ, Koirala GR, Oh S, Kim TI. From lab to wearables: Innovations in multifunctional hydrogel chemistry for next-generation bioelectronic devices. Biomaterials 2024; 310:122632. [PMID: 38824848 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Functional hydrogels have emerged as foundational materials in diagnostics, therapy, and wearable devices, owing to their high stretchability, flexibility, sensing, and outstanding biocompatibility. Their significance stems from their resemblance to biological tissue and their exceptional versatility in electrical, mechanical, and biofunctional engineering, positioning themselves as a bridge between living organisms and electronic systems, paving the way for the development of highly compatible, efficient, and stable interfaces. These multifaceted capability revolutionizes the essence of hydrogel-based wearable devices, distinguishing them from conventional biomedical devices in real-world practical applications. In this comprehensive review, we first discuss the fundamental chemistry of hydrogels, elucidating their distinct properties and functionalities. Subsequently, we examine the applications of these bioelectronics within the human body, unveiling their transformative potential in diagnostics, therapy, and human-machine interfaces (HMI) in real wearable bioelectronics. This exploration serves as a scientific compass for researchers navigating the interdisciplinary landscape of chemistry, materials science, and bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hin Kiu Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Ji Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyan Raj Koirala
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyoun Oh
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Il Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Hassan Akhtar M, Azhar Hayat Nawaz M, Abbas M, Liu N, Han W, Lv Y, Yu C. Advances in pH Sensing: From Traditional Approaches to Next-Generation Sensors in Biological Contexts. CHEM REC 2024:e202300369. [PMID: 38953343 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
pH has been considered one of the paramount factors in bodily functions because most cellular tasks exclusively rely on precise pH values. In this context, the current techniques for pH sensing provide us with the futuristic insight to further design therapeutic and diagnostic tools. Thus, pH-sensing (electrochemically and optically) is rapidly evolving toward exciting new applications and expanding researchers' interests in many chemical contexts, especially in biomedical applications. The adaptation of cutting-edge technology is subsequently producing the modest form of these biosensors as wearable devices, which are providing us the opportunity to target the real-time collection of vital parameters, including pH for improved healthcare systems. The motif of this review is to provide insight into trending tech-based systems employed in real-time or in-vivo pH-responsive monitoring. Herein, we briefly go through the pH regulation in the human body to help the beginners and scientific community with quick background knowledge, recent advances in the field, and pH detection in real-time biological applications. In the end, we summarize our review by providing an outlook; challenges that need to be addressed, and prospective integration of various pH in vivo platforms with modern electronics that can open new avenues of cutting-edge techniques for disease diagnostics and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Hassan Akhtar
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Muhammad Azhar Hayat Nawaz
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM) COMSATS, University Islamabad, 54000, Lahore, Campus, Pakistan
| | - Manzar Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Functional Biomaterials Group, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Wenzhao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yan Lv
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Cong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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3
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Lafuente JL, González S, Aibar C, Rivera D, Avilés E, Beunza JJ. Continuous and Non-Invasive Lactate Monitoring Techniques in Critical Care Patients. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:148. [PMID: 38534255 DOI: 10.3390/bios14030148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Lactate, once merely regarded as an indicator of tissue hypoxia and muscular fatigue, has now gained prominence as a pivotal biomarker across various medical disciplines. Recent research has unveiled its critical role as a high-value prognostic marker in critical care medicine. The current practice of lactate detection involves periodic blood sampling. This approach is invasive and confined to measurements at six-hour intervals, leading to resource expenditure, time consumption, and patient discomfort. This review addresses non-invasive sensors that enable continuous monitoring of lactate in critical care patients. After the introduction, it discusses the iontophoresis system, followed by a description of the structural materials that are universally employed to create an interface between the integumentary system and the sensor. Subsequently, each method is detailed according to its physical principle, outlining its advantages, limitations, and pertinent aspects. The study concludes with a discussion and conclusions, aiming at the design of an intelligent sensor (Internet of Medical Things or IoMT) to facilitate continuous lactate monitoring and enhance the clinical decision-making support system in critical care medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose-Luis Lafuente
- IASalud, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
- Engineering Department, School of Architecture, Engineering & Design, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Samuel González
- IASalud, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario HLA Moncloa, 28008 Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Aibar
- IASalud, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
- Engineering Department, School of Architecture, Engineering & Design, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Desirée Rivera
- IASalud, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
- Engineering Department, School of Architecture, Engineering & Design, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Avilés
- IASalud, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
- Engineering Department, School of Architecture, Engineering & Design, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan-Jose Beunza
- IASalud, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
- Research and Doctorate School, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Health and Sports, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
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Tufail S, Sherwani MA, Shamim Z, Abdullah, Goh KW, Alomary MN, Ansari MA, Almosa AA, Ming LC, Abdullah ADI, Khan FB, Menhali AA, Mirza S, Ayoub MA. 2D nanostructures: Potential in diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116070. [PMID: 38163396 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have garnered enormous attention seemingly due to their unusual architecture and properties. Graphene and graphene oxide based 2D nanomaterials remained the most sought after for several years but the quest to design superior 2D nanomaterials which can find wider application gave rise to development of non-graphene 2D materials as well. Consequently, in addition to graphene based 2D nanomaterials, 2D nanostructures designed using macromolecules (such as DNAs, proteins, peptides and peptoids), transition metal dichalcogenides, transition-metal carbides and/or nitrides (MXene), black phosphorous, chitosan, hexagonal boron nitrides, and graphitic carbon nitride, and covalent organic frameworks have been developed. Interestingly, these 2D nanomaterials have found applications in diagnosis and treatment of various diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although AD is one of the most debilitating neurodegenerative conditions across the globe; unfortunately, there remains a paucity of effective diagnostic and/or therapeutic intervention for it till date. In this scenario, nanomaterial-based biosensors, or therapeutics especially 2D nanostructures are emerging to be promising in this regard. This review summarizes the diagnostic and therapeutic platforms developed for AD using 2D nanostructures. Collectively, it is worth mentioning that these 2D nanomaterials would seemingly provide an alternative and intriguing platform for biomedical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Tufail
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | | | - Zahid Shamim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad N Alomary
- Advanced Diagnostic and Therapeutic Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Almosa
- Wellness and Preventive Medicine Institute, King AbdulAziz City of Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Malaysia.
| | - Amar Daud Iskandar Abdullah
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Malaysia.
| | - Farheen Badrealam Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Department of Biological Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Asma Al Menhali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sameer Mirza
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mohammed Akli Ayoub
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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Fang K, Wan Y, Wei J, Chen T. Hydrogel-Based Sensors for Human-Machine Interaction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:16975-16985. [PMID: 37994525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, remarkable progress has been made in the field of human-machine interaction. The need for accurate sensing devices with satisfactory user experiences has propelled the development of flexible, stretchable, biocompatible, and imperceptible hydrogel-based interfaces. These innovative interfaces facilitate direct interactions between humans and machines while receiving detected input signals from sensors and giving output commands to controllers, thus motivating accurate real-time responsiveness. This Perspective discusses the sensing mechanisms for the two categories of hydrogel-based sensors and summarizes the recent progress in the development of different representations of human-machine interactions, including intelligent identification, information secrecy, interactive control, and virtual reality and augmented reality technologies. The advantages of hydrogel-based systems over conventionally used rigid electrical components are explicitly discussed. The conclusion provides a perspective on current challenges and outlines a future roadmap for the realization of state-of-the-art hydrogel-based smart systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kecheng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yan Wan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Junjie Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China
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Rehman HU, Hedenqvist MS, Chen Y, Guo Y, Li H, Liu H. Stretchable, Strong, Recyclable Helicide Elastomer Based on Dynamic Covalent Interactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:46280-46291. [PMID: 37729208 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Current methods for making and disposing synthetic polymers have been widely pursued and are largely unsustainable. As a part of the solution, the reversible nature of dynamic covalent bonds emerges as an extraordinarily diverse and valuable feature in the development of exotic molecules and extended structures. With these bonds, it should be possible to construct recyclable and mechanically interlocked molecular structures using relatively simple precursors with preorganized geometries. A new helicide-based elastomer network is developed here with self-healing, recycling, and degradation features using a similar concept. The best self-healing performance (100%) was noted over 10-20 min, with various H2O, HCl, and NaOH solutions that delivered mechanical properties in the 1-1.4 MPa range. For hydrolytic degradation, the parameters are defined based on the type of binding, the pH of the solutions, and the copolymer network, which endowed a degradation time of approximately 4-11 h for each prepared sample. However, due to the reversible nature of the dynamic bonds, the material showed good recyclable mechanical properties compared to the pristine samples after five consecutive cycles, which meet the requirements of recyclable materials and recyclable packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafeez Ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Department of Physics, The University of Lahore, 1-KM Defense Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mikael S Hedenqvist
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yujie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yutong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Hua Li
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Ship and Dee-Sea Exploration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Hezhou Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Ship and Dee-Sea Exploration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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Vijayakanth T, Shankar S, Finkelstein-Zuta G, Rencus-Lazar S, Gilead S, Gazit E. Perspectives on recent advancements in energy harvesting, sensing and bio-medical applications of piezoelectric gels. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6191-6220. [PMID: 37585216 PMCID: PMC10464879 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00202k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of next-generation bioelectronics, as well as the powering of consumer and medical devices, require power sources that are soft, flexible, extensible, and even biocompatible. Traditional energy storage devices (typically, batteries and supercapacitors) are rigid, unrecyclable, offer short-lifetime, contain hazardous chemicals and possess poor biocompatibility, hindering their utilization in wearable electronics. Therefore, there is a genuine unmet need for a new generation of innovative energy-harvesting materials that are soft, flexible, bio-compatible, and bio-degradable. Piezoelectric gels or PiezoGels are a smart crystalline form of gels with polar ordered structures that belongs to the broader family of piezoelectric material, which generate electricity in response to mechanical stress or deformation. Given that PiezoGels are structurally similar to hydrogels, they offer several advantages including intrinsic chirality, crystallinity, degree of ordered structures, mechanical flexibility, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, emphasizing their potential applications ranging from power generation to bio-medical applications. Herein, we describe recent examples of new functional PiezoGel materials employed for energy harvesting, sensing, and wound dressing applications. First, this review focuses on the principles of piezoelectric generators (PEGs) and the advantages of using hydrogels as PiezoGels in energy and biomedical applications. Next, we provide a detailed discussion on the preparation, functionalization, and fabrication of PiezoGel-PEGs (P-PEGs) for the applications of energy harvesting, sensing and wound healing/dressing. Finally, this review concludes with a discussion of the current challenges and future directions of P-PEGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangavel Vijayakanth
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-6997801, Israel
| | - Sudha Shankar
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-6997801, Israel
- Blavatnik Center for Drug Discovery, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-6997801, Israel
| | - Gal Finkelstein-Zuta
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-6997801, Israel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-6997801, Israel.
| | - Sigal Rencus-Lazar
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-6997801, Israel
| | - Sharon Gilead
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-6997801, Israel
- Blavatnik Center for Drug Discovery, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-6997801, Israel
| | - Ehud Gazit
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-6997801, Israel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-6997801, Israel.
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Saeidi M, Chenani H, Orouji M, Adel Rastkhiz M, Bolghanabadi N, Vakili S, Mohamadnia Z, Hatamie A, Simchi A(A. Electrochemical Wearable Biosensors and Bioelectronic Devices Based on Hydrogels: Mechanical Properties and Electrochemical Behavior. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:823. [PMID: 37622909 PMCID: PMC10452289 DOI: 10.3390/bios13080823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based wearable electrochemical biosensors (HWEBs) are emerging biomedical devices that have recently received immense interest. The exceptional properties of HWEBs include excellent biocompatibility with hydrophilic nature, high porosity, tailorable permeability, the capability of reliable and accurate detection of disease biomarkers, suitable device-human interface, facile adjustability, and stimuli responsive to the nanofiller materials. Although the biomimetic three-dimensional hydrogels can immobilize bioreceptors, such as enzymes and aptamers, without any loss in their activities. However, most HWEBs suffer from low mechanical strength and electrical conductivity. Many studies have been performed on emerging electroactive nanofillers, including biomacromolecules, carbon-based materials, and inorganic and organic nanomaterials, to tackle these issues. Non-conductive hydrogels and even conductive hydrogels may be modified by nanofillers, as well as redox species. All these modifications have led to the design and development of efficient nanocomposites as electrochemical biosensors. In this review, both conductive-based and non-conductive-based hydrogels derived from natural and synthetic polymers are systematically reviewed. The main synthesis methods and characterization techniques are addressed. The mechanical properties and electrochemical behavior of HWEBs are discussed in detail. Finally, the prospects and potential applications of HWEBs in biosensing, healthcare monitoring, and clinical diagnostics are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Saeidi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran; (H.C.); (M.O.); (M.A.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Hossein Chenani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran; (H.C.); (M.O.); (M.A.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Mina Orouji
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran; (H.C.); (M.O.); (M.A.R.); (N.B.)
| | - MahsaSadat Adel Rastkhiz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran; (H.C.); (M.O.); (M.A.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Nafiseh Bolghanabadi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran; (H.C.); (M.O.); (M.A.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Shaghayegh Vakili
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran;
| | - Zahra Mohamadnia
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Science (IASBS), Gava Zang, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran;
| | - Amir Hatamie
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Science (IASBS), Gava Zang, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran;
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Abdolreza (Arash) Simchi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran; (H.C.); (M.O.); (M.A.R.); (N.B.)
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran
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Delgado-Rivera R, García-Rodríguez W, López L, Cunci L, Resto PJ, Domenech M. PCL/PEO Polymer Membrane Prevents Biofouling in Wearable Detection Sensors. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:728. [PMID: 37623789 PMCID: PMC10456225 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13080728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Technological advances in biosensing offer extraordinary opportunities to transfer technologies from a laboratory setting to clinical point-of-care applications. Recent developments in the field have focused on electrochemical and optical biosensing platforms. Unfortunately, these platforms offer relatively poor sensitivity for most of the clinically relevant targets that can be measured on the skin. In addition, the non-specific adsorption of biomolecules (biofouling) has proven to be a limiting factor compromising the longevity and performance of these detection systems. Research from our laboratory seeks to capitalize on analyte selective properties of biomaterials to achieve enhanced analyte adsorption, enrichment, and detection. Our goal is to develop a functional membrane integrated into a microfluidic sampling interface and an electrochemical sensing unit. The membrane was manufactured from a blend of Polycaprolactone (PCL) and Polyethylene oxide (PEO) through a solvent casting evaporation method. A microfluidic flow cell was developed with a micropore array that allows liquid to exit from all pores simultaneously, thereby imitating human perspiration. The electrochemical sensing unit consisted of planar gold electrodes for the monitoring of nonspecific adsorption of proteins utilizing Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The solvent casting evaporation technique proved to be an effective method to produce membranes with the desired physical properties (surface properties and wettability profile) and a highly porous and interconnected structure. Permeability data from the membrane sandwiched in the flow cell showed excellent permeation and media transfer efficiency with uniform pore activation for both active and passive sweat rates. Biofouling experiments exhibited a decrease in the extent of biofouling of electrodes protected with the PCL/PEO membrane, corroborating the capacity of our material to mitigate the effects of biofouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Delgado-Rivera
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus, Mayagüez, PR 00680, USA;
| | - William García-Rodríguez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus, Mayagüez, PR 00680, USA; (W.G.-R.); (P.J.R.)
| | - Luis López
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR 00925, USA; (L.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Lisandro Cunci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR 00925, USA; (L.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Pedro J. Resto
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus, Mayagüez, PR 00680, USA; (W.G.-R.); (P.J.R.)
| | - Maribella Domenech
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus, Mayagüez, PR 00680, USA;
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10
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Barhoum A, Sadak O, Ramirez IA, Iverson N. Stimuli-bioresponsive hydrogels as new generation materials for implantable, wearable, and disposable biosensors for medical diagnostics: Principles, opportunities, and challenges. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 317:102920. [PMID: 37207377 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are excellent water-swollen polymeric materials for use in wearable, implantable, and disposable biosensors. Hydrogels have unique properties such as low cost, ease of preparation, transparency, rapid response to external conditions, biocompatibility and self-adhesion to the skin, flexibility, and strain sensitivity, making them ideal for use in biosensor platforms. This review provides a detailed overview of advanced applications of stimuli-responsive hydrogels in biosensor platforms, from hydrogel synthesis and functionalization for bioreceptor immobilization to several important diagnostic applications. Emphasis is placed on recent advances in the fabrication of ultrasensitive fluorescent and electrically conductive hydrogels and their applications in wearable, implantable, and disposable biosensors for quantitative measurements. Design, modification, and assembly techniques of fluorescent, ionically conductive, and electrically conductive hydrogels to improve performance will be addressed. The advantages and performance improvements of immobilizing bioreceptors (e.g., antibodies, enzymes, and aptamers), and incorporating fluorescent and electrically conductive nanomaterials are described, as are their limitations. Potential applications of hydrogels in implantable, wearable, disposable portable biosensors for quantitative detection of the various bioanalytes (ions, molecules, drugs, proteins, and biomarkers) are discussed. Finally, the global market for hydrogel-based biosensors and future challenges and prospects are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Barhoum
- NanoStruc Research Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt; National Center for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9 D09 Y074, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Omer Sadak
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Ivon Acosta Ramirez
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Nicole Iverson
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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11
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Kizhepat S, Rasal AS, Chang JY, Wu HF. Development of Two-Dimensional Functional Nanomaterials for Biosensor Applications: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Prospects. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13091520. [PMID: 37177065 PMCID: PMC10180329 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
New possibilities for the development of biosensors that are ready to be implemented in the field have emerged thanks to the recent progress of functional nanomaterials and the careful engineering of nanostructures. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have exceptional physical, chemical, highly anisotropic, chemically active, and mechanical capabilities due to their ultra-thin structures. The diversity of the high surface area, layered topologies, and porosity found in 2D nanomaterials makes them amenable to being engineered with surface characteristics that make it possible for targeted identification. By integrating the distinctive features of several varieties of nanostructures and employing them as scaffolds for bimolecular assemblies, biosensing platforms with improved reliability, selectivity, and sensitivity for the identification of a plethora of analytes can be developed. In this review, we compile a number of approaches to using 2D nanomaterials for biomolecule detection. Subsequently, we summarize the advantages and disadvantages of using 2D nanomaterials in biosensing. Finally, both the opportunities and the challenges that exist within this potentially fruitful subject are discussed. This review will assist readers in understanding the synthesis of 2D nanomaterials, their alteration by enzymes and composite materials, and the implementation of 2D material-based biosensors for efficient bioanalysis and disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsa Kizhepat
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 70, Lien-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Akash S Rasal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yaw Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Fen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 70, Lien-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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12
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Min J, Tu J, Xu C, Lukas H, Shin S, Yang Y, Solomon SA, Mukasa D, Gao W. Skin-Interfaced Wearable Sweat Sensors for Precision Medicine. Chem Rev 2023; 123:5049-5138. [PMID: 36971504 PMCID: PMC10406569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sensors hold great potential in empowering personalized health monitoring, predictive analytics, and timely intervention toward personalized healthcare. Advances in flexible electronics, materials science, and electrochemistry have spurred the development of wearable sweat sensors that enable the continuous and noninvasive screening of analytes indicative of health status. Existing major challenges in wearable sensors include: improving the sweat extraction and sweat sensing capabilities, improving the form factor of the wearable device for minimal discomfort and reliable measurements when worn, and understanding the clinical value of sweat analytes toward biomarker discovery. This review provides a comprehensive review of wearable sweat sensors and outlines state-of-the-art technologies and research that strive to bridge these gaps. The physiology of sweat, materials, biosensing mechanisms and advances, and approaches for sweat induction and sampling are introduced. Additionally, design considerations for the system-level development of wearable sweat sensing devices, spanning from strategies for prolonged sweat extraction to efficient powering of wearables, are discussed. Furthermore, the applications, data analytics, commercialization efforts, challenges, and prospects of wearable sweat sensors for precision medicine are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Min
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Jiaobing Tu
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Changhao Xu
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Heather Lukas
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Soyoung Shin
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Yiran Yang
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Samuel A. Solomon
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Daniel Mukasa
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
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13
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Niro G, Marasco I, Rizzi F, D’Orazio A, Grande M, De Vittorio M. Design and Fabrication of a Flexible Gravimetric Sensor Based on a Thin-Film Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonator. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:1655. [PMID: 36772702 PMCID: PMC9919303 DOI: 10.3390/s23031655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sensing systems are becoming less and less invasive. In this context, flexible materials offer new opportunities that are impossible to achieve with bulky and rigid chips. Standard silicon sensors cannot be adapted to curved shapes and are susceptible to big deformations, thus discouraging their use in wearable applications. Another step forward toward minimising the impacts of the sensors can be to avoid the use of cables and connectors by exploiting wireless transmissions at ultra-high frequencies (UHFs). Thin-film bulk acoustic wave resonators (FBARs) represent the most promising choice among all of the piezoelectric microelectromechanical system (MEMS) resonators for the climbing of radio frequencies. Accordingly, the fabrication of FBARs on flexible and wearable substrates represents a strategic step toward obtaining a new generation of highly sensitive wireless sensors. In this work, we propose the design and fabrication of a flexible gravimetric sensor based on an FBAR on a polymeric substrate. The resonator presents one of the highest electromechanical coupling factors in the category of flexible AlN-based FBARs, equal to 6%. Moreover, thanks to the polymeric support layer, the presence of membranes can be avoided, which leads to a faster and cheaper fabrication process and higher robustness of the structure. The mass sensitivity of the device was evaluated, obtaining a promising value of 23.31 ppm/pg. We strongly believe that these results can pave the way to a new class of wearable MEMS sensors that exploit ultra-high-frequency (UHF) transmissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Niro
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Politecnico di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 73010 Arnesano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marasco
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Politecnico di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 73010 Arnesano, Italy
| | - Francesco Rizzi
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 73010 Arnesano, Italy
| | - Antonella D’Orazio
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Politecnico di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Grande
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Politecnico di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo De Vittorio
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 73010 Arnesano, Italy
- Department of Engineering and Innovation, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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14
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Yu KC, Hsu CY, Prabhu GRD, Chiu HY, Urban PL. Vending-Machine-Style Skin Excretion Sensing. ACS Sens 2023; 8:326-334. [PMID: 36598150 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Skin metabolites show huge potential for use in clinical diagnostics. However, skin sampling and analysis workflows are tedious and time-consuming. Here, we demonstrate a vending-machine-style skin excretion sensing platform based on hydrogel-assisted sampling of skin metabolites. In this sensing platform, a sampling probe with hydrogel is held by a robotic arm. The robotic arm manoeuvres the probe to press it onto the forearm of a human subject. Due to the highly hydrophilic nature of the hydrogel, water-soluble metabolites─released by skin─are collected into the hydrogel, leaving behind the nonpolar metabolites. The probe is then inserted into a custom-made open port sampling interface coupled to an electrospray ion source of a high-resolution quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Metabolites in the hydrogel are immediately extracted by a solvent liquid junction in the interface and analyzed using the mass spectrometer. The ion current of the target analyte is displayed on a customized graphical user interface, which can also be used to control the key components of the analytical platform. The automated sampling and analysis workflow starts after the user inserts coins or presents an insurance card, presses a button, and extends an arm on the sampling area. The platform relies on low-cost mechanical and electronic modules (a robotic arm, a single-board computer, and two microcontroller boards). The limits of detection for standard analytes─arginine, citrulline, and histidine─embedded in agarose gel beds were 148, 205, and 199 nM, respectively. Various low-molecular-weight metabolites from human skin have been identified with the high-resolution mass spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chiang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu300044, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yao Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu300044, Taiwan
| | - Gurpur Rakesh D Prabhu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu300044, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yi Chiu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, 25 Jingguo Road, Hsinchu300, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, 25 Jingguo Road, Hsinchu300, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung Shan S. Road, Taipei100, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1 Jen Ai Road, Taipei100, Taiwan
| | - Pawel L Urban
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu300044, Taiwan.,Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu300044, Taiwan
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15
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Zhu T, Ni Y, Biesold GM, Cheng Y, Ge M, Li H, Huang J, Lin Z, Lai Y. Recent advances in conductive hydrogels: classifications, properties, and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:473-509. [PMID: 36484322 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00173j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based conductive materials for smart wearable devices have attracted increasing attention due to their excellent flexibility, versatility, and outstanding biocompatibility. This review presents the recent advances in multifunctional conductive hydrogels for electronic devices. First, conductive hydrogels with different components are discussed, including pure single network hydrogels based on conductive polymers, single network hydrogels with additional conductive additives (i.e., nanoparticles, nanowires, and nanosheets), double network hydrogels based on conductive polymers, and double network hydrogels with additional conductive additives. Second, conductive hydrogels with a variety of functionalities, including self-healing, super toughness, self-growing, adhesive, anti-swelling, antibacterial, structural color, hydrophobic, anti-freezing, shape memory and external stimulus responsiveness are introduced in detail. Third, the applications of hydrogels in flexible devices are illustrated (i.e., strain sensors, supercapacitors, touch panels, triboelectric nanogenerator, bioelectronic devices, and robot). Next, the current challenges facing hydrogels are summarized. Finally, an imaginative but reasonable outlook is given, which aims to drive further development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxue Zhu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China.
| | - Yimeng Ni
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China.
| | - Gill M Biesold
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Yan Cheng
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P. R. China
| | - Mingzheng Ge
- School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Huaqiong Li
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P. R. China
| | - Jianying Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China. .,Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Yuekun Lai
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China. .,Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, P. R. China
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16
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He T, Wen F, Yang Y, Le X, Liu W, Lee C. Emerging Wearable Chemical Sensors Enabling Advanced Integrated Systems toward Personalized and Preventive Medicine. Anal Chem 2023; 95:490-514. [PMID: 36625107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyiyi He
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Feng Wen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Yanqin Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Xianhao Le
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Weixin Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
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17
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Du Y, Du W, Lin D, Ai M, Li S, Zhang L. Recent Progress on Hydrogel-Based Piezoelectric Devices for Biomedical Applications. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:167. [PMID: 36677228 PMCID: PMC9862259 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electronics have great potential in the application of wearable and implantable devices. Through suitable chemical alteration, hydrogels, which are three-dimensional polymeric networks, demonstrate amazing stretchability and flexibility. Hydrogel-based electronics have been widely used in wearable sensing devices because of their biomimetic structure, biocompatibility, and stimuli-responsive electrical properties. Recently, hydrogel-based piezoelectric devices have attracted intensive attention because of the combination of their unique piezoelectric performance and conductive hydrogel configuration. This mini review is to give a summary of this exciting topic with a new insight into the design and strategy of hydrogel-based piezoelectric devices. We first briefly review the representative synthesis methods and strategies of hydrogels. Subsequently, this review provides several promising biomedical applications, such as bio-signal sensing, energy harvesting, wound healing, and ultrasonic stimulation. In the end, we also provide a personal perspective on the future strategies and address the remaining challenges on hydrogel-based piezoelectric electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Du
- Department of Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90018, USA
| | - Wenya Du
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dabin Lin
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Thin Films Technology and Optical Test, School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Minghao Ai
- College of Engineering and Computer Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13202, USA
| | - Songhang Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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18
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Ates HC, Nguyen PQ, Gonzalez-Macia L, Morales-Narváez E, Güder F, Collins JJ, Dincer C. End-to-end design of wearable sensors. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2022; 7:887-907. [PMID: 35910814 PMCID: PMC9306444 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-022-00460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Wearable devices provide an alternative pathway to clinical diagnostics by exploiting various physical, chemical and biological sensors to mine physiological (biophysical and/or biochemical) information in real time (preferably, continuously) and in a non-invasive or minimally invasive manner. These sensors can be worn in the form of glasses, jewellery, face masks, wristwatches, fitness bands, tattoo-like devices, bandages or other patches, and textiles. Wearables such as smartwatches have already proved their capability for the early detection and monitoring of the progression and treatment of various diseases, such as COVID-19 and Parkinson disease, through biophysical signals. Next-generation wearable sensors that enable the multimodal and/or multiplexed measurement of physical parameters and biochemical markers in real time and continuously could be a transformative technology for diagnostics, allowing for high-resolution and time-resolved historical recording of the health status of an individual. In this Review, we examine the building blocks of such wearable sensors, including the substrate materials, sensing mechanisms, power modules and decision-making units, by reflecting on the recent developments in the materials, engineering and data science of these components. Finally, we synthesize current trends in the field to provide predictions for the future trajectory of wearable sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Ceren Ates
- FIT Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- IMTEK – Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Q. Nguyen
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA USA
| | | | - Eden Morales-Narváez
- Biophotonic Nanosensors Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, León, Mexico
| | - Firat Güder
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - James J. Collins
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA USA
- Institute of Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Can Dincer
- FIT Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- IMTEK – Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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19
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Chellasivalingam M, Zielinski AT, Whitney TS, Boies AM, Seshia AA. Towards Portable MEMS Oscillators for Sensing Nanoparticles. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:5485. [PMID: 35897988 PMCID: PMC9330167 DOI: 10.3390/s22155485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on the design, and implementation of piezoelectric-on-silicon MEMS resonators installed within a portable experimental setup for sensing nanoparticles in a laboratory environment. MEMS oscillators with a center frequency of approximately 5.999 MHz are employed for sensing 50 nm size-selected silver nanoparticles generated in the laboratory. The same experimental setup is then assembled to sense indoor particles that are present in the laboratory environment. The challenges associated with particle deposition as a result of assembling the portable experimental setup is highlighted. Furthermore, the MEMS oscillators demonstrate that the total mass of silver nanoparticles deposited onto the MEMS resonator surface using the inertial impaction technique-based experimental setup is approximately 7.993 nanograms. The total indoor particle mass accumulated on the MEMS resonator surface is estimated to be approximately 1.732 nanograms and 26.9 picograms for two different runs. The frequency resolution of the MEMS oscillator is estimated to be approximately 32 ppb and, consequently, the minimum detectable particle mass is approximately 60 femtograms for a 9.2 s integration time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malar Chellasivalingam
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK; (T.S.W.); (A.M.B.)
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FF, UK
| | - Arthur T. Zielinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK;
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EZ, UK
| | - Thomas S. Whitney
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK; (T.S.W.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Adam M. Boies
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK; (T.S.W.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Ashwin A. Seshia
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK; (T.S.W.); (A.M.B.)
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FF, UK
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20
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Preparation and application of poly(α-L-lysine)-based interpenetrating network hydrogel via synchronous free-radical polymerization and amine-anhydride reaction in water. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Ge C, Cretu E. Simple and Robust Microfabrication of Polymeric Piezoelectric Resonating MEMS Mass Sensors. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22082994. [PMID: 35458979 PMCID: PMC9029203 DOI: 10.3390/s22082994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Resonating MEMS mass sensors are microdevices with broad applications in fields such as bioscience and biochemistry. Their advantageous surface-to-volume ratio makes their resonant frequency highly sensitive to variations in their mass induced by surface depositions. Recent global challenges, such as water quality monitoring or pandemic containment, have increased the need for low-cost (even disposable), rapidly fabricated microdevices as suitable detectors. Resonant MEMS mass sensors are among the best candidates. This paper introduces a simple and robust fabrication of polymeric piezoelectric resonating MEMS mass sensors. The microfabrication technology replaces the traditional layer-by-layer micromachining techniques with laser micromachining to gain extra simplicity. Membrane-based resonant sensors have been fabricated to test the technology. Their characterization results have proven that the technology is robust with good reproducibility (around 2% batch level variations in the resonant frequency). Initial tests for the MEMS mass sensors’ sensitivity have indicated a sensitivity of 340 Hz/ng. The concept could be a starting point for developing low-cost MEMS sensing solutions for pandemic control, health examination, and pollution monitoring.
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22
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Dautta M, Hajiaghajani A, Ye F, Escobar AR, Jimenez A, Dia KKH, Tseng P. Programmable Multiwavelength Radio Frequency Spectrometry of Chemophysical Environments through an Adaptable Network of Flexible and Environmentally Responsive, Passive Wireless Elements. SMALL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manik Dautta
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Irvine Engineering Hall #3110 Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Amirhossein Hajiaghajani
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Irvine Engineering Hall #3110 Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Fan Ye
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Irvine Engineering Hall #3110 Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Alberto Ranier Escobar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California Irvine Engineering Hall #3110 Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Abel Jimenez
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Irvine Engineering Hall #3110 Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Kazi Khurshidi Haque Dia
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Irvine Engineering Hall #3110 Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Peter Tseng
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Irvine Engineering Hall #3110 Irvine CA 92697 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California Irvine Engineering Hall #3110 Irvine CA 92697 USA
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23
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Li J, Bo X. Laser-enabled flexible electrochemical sensor on finger for fast food security detection. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127014. [PMID: 34461543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Today's rampant abuse of antibiotics and lean meat powder disturbs environment and threatens public human health. Therefore, fast in-site detection of antibiotics or lean meat powder residue could avoid potential risks. In this work, flexible graphene electrodes (FGE) were easily and facilely patterned and prepared by CO2 laser at room environment, which was coupled with a portable electrochemical analyzer for electronic signal transmission. Laser-enabled flexible electrochemical sensor on finger can be used for rapid real-time in-site electrochemical identification of chloramphenicol (CAP), clenbuterol (CLB) and ractopamine (RAC) in meat. The electrochemical response of CAP, CLB and RAC is investigated with the limit of detection of 2.70, 1.29 and 7.81 μM and the linear range of 10-200, 5-80 and 25-250 μM in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) pH 7.0, correspondingly. The minimum detection concentrations of CAP, CLB and RAC were 20, 10 and 30 μM, respectively, in actual samples of pork. And the minimum detection concentrations of CAP, CLB and RAC were 10, 5 and 25 μM in milk, respectively. Such an integrated sensing platform enriches application of sensors on finger in food security and provides information that prevents drug containments from entering food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, PR China
| | - Xiangjie Bo
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, PR China.
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Zafar H, Channa A, Jeoti V, Stojanović GM. Comprehensive Review on Wearable Sweat-Glucose Sensors for Continuous Glucose Monitoring. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:638. [PMID: 35062598 PMCID: PMC8781973 DOI: 10.3390/s22020638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes is increasing at an alarming rate, and regular glucose monitoring is critical in order to manage diabetes. Currently, glucose in the body is measured by an invasive method of blood sugar testing. Blood glucose (BG) monitoring devices measure the amount of sugar in a small sample of blood, usually drawn from pricking the fingertip, and placed on a disposable test strip. Therefore, there is a need for non-invasive continuous glucose monitoring, which is possible using a sweat sensor-based approach. As sweat sensors have garnered much interest in recent years, this study attempts to summarize recent developments in non-invasive continuous glucose monitoring using sweat sensors based on different approaches with an emphasis on the devices that can potentially be integrated into a wearable platform. Numerous research entities have been developing wearable sensors for continuous blood glucose monitoring, however, there are no commercially viable, non-invasive glucose monitors on the market at the moment. This review article provides the state-of-the-art in sweat glucose monitoring, particularly keeping in sight the prospect of its commercialization. The challenges relating to sweat collection, sweat sample degradation, person to person sweat amount variation, various detection methods, and their glucose detection sensitivity, and also the commercial viability are thoroughly covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hima Zafar
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, T. Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (V.J.); (G.M.S.)
| | - Asma Channa
- Computer Science Department, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- DIIES Department, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, 89100 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Varun Jeoti
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, T. Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (V.J.); (G.M.S.)
| | - Goran M. Stojanović
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, T. Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (V.J.); (G.M.S.)
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Chiappim W, Fraga MA, Furlan H, Ardiles DC, Pessoa RS. The status and perspectives of nanostructured materials and fabrication processes for wearable piezoresistive sensors. MICROSYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES : SENSORS, ACTUATORS, SYSTEMS INTEGRATION 2022; 28:1561-1580. [PMID: 35313490 PMCID: PMC8926892 DOI: 10.1007/s00542-022-05269-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The wearable sensors have attracted a growing interest in different markets, including health, fitness, gaming, and entertainment, due to their outstanding characteristics of convenience, simplicity, accuracy, speed, and competitive price. The development of different types of wearable sensors was only possible due to advances in smart nanostructured materials with properties to detect changes in temperature, touch, pressure, movement, and humidity. Among the various sensing nanomaterials used in wearable sensors, the piezoresistive type has been extensively investigated and their potential have been demonstrated for different applications. In this review article, the current status and challenges of nanomaterials and fabrication processes for wearable piezoresistive sensors are presented in three parts. The first part focuses on the different types of sensing nanomaterials, namely, zero-dimensional (0D), one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), and three-dimensional (3D) piezoresistive nanomaterials. Then, in second part, their fabrication processes and integration are discussed. Finally, the last part presents examples of wearable piezoresistive sensors and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Chiappim
- Departamento de Física, Laboratório de Plasmas e Processos, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, São José dos Campos, 12228-900 Brazil
| | - Mariana Amorim Fraga
- Escola de Engenharia, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, SP 01302-907 Brazil
| | - Humber Furlan
- Centro Estadual de Educação Tecnológica Paula Souza, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gestão e Tecnologia em Sistemas Produtivos, 169, São Paulo, SP 01124-010 Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Sávio Pessoa
- Departamento de Física, Laboratório de Plasmas e Processos, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, São José dos Campos, 12228-900 Brazil
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26
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Laysandra L, Kurniawan D, Wang CL, Chiang WH, Chiu YC. Synergistic Effect in a Graphene Quantum Dot-Enabled Luminescent Skinlike Copolymer for Long-Term pH Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:60413-60424. [PMID: 34894653 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The alluring properties of a luminescent graphene quantum dot (GQD)-based nanocomposite are unquestionable to realize many advanced applications, such as sweat pH sensors. The well-suited hydrophilic polymers to host GQDs can face an unavoidable swelling behavior, which deteriorates the mechanical stability, whereas the hydrophobic polymers can prevent swelling but at the same time barricade the analyte pathways to GQDs. To resolve the two aforementioned obstacles, we develop a nanocomposite film containing nitrogen-doped GQDs (NGQDs) incorporated into a transparent, elastic, and self-healable polymer matrix, composed of a hydrophobic n-butyl acrylate segment and a hydrophilic N-(hydroxymethyl)acrylamide segment for wearable healthcare pH sensors on the human body. Besides serving as the fluorescence source, NGQDs are also designed as a nano-cross-linker to promote abundant chemical and physical interactions within the nanocomposite network. This synergetic effect gives rise to a 10-fold higher mechanical strength, 7-fold increment in Young's modulus, 4-fold increment in toughness, and 15-fold more sensitivity in pH detection (pH 3-10) compared to those of the pristine copolymer and NGQDs, respectively. Moreover, the mechanically enhanced nanocomposite possesses a high self-healing efficiency (94%) at room temperature even under water and demonstrates a stable sensing performance after repetitive usage for 30 days. Our work provides insights into the simple preparation of human skinlike nanocomposite elastomers usable for wearable pH sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livy Laysandra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No.43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Da'an District, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan
| | - Darwin Kurniawan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No.43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Da'an District, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Lin Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No.43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Da'an District, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No.43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Da'an District, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No.43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Da'an District, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan
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Kolesnik K, Xu M, Lee PVS, Rajagopal V, Collins DJ. Unconventional acoustic approaches for localized and designed micromanipulation. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:2837-2856. [PMID: 34268539 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00378j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic fields are ideal for micromanipulation, being biocompatible and with force gradients approaching the scale of single cells. They have accordingly found use in a variety of microfluidic devices, including for microscale patterning, separation, and mixing. The bulk of work in acoustofluidics has been predicated on the formation of standing waves that form periodic nodal positions along which suspended particles and cells are aligned. An evolving range of applications, however, requires more targeted micromanipulation to create unique patterns and effects. To this end, recent work has made important advances in improving the flexibility with which acoustic fields can be applied, impressively demonstrating generating arbitrary arrangements of pressure fields, spatially localizing acoustic fields and selectively translating individual particles in ways that are not achievable via traditional approaches. In this critical review we categorize and examine these advances, each of which open the door to a wide range of applications in which single-cell fidelity and flexible micromanipulation are advantageous, including for tissue engineering, diagnostic devices, high-throughput sorting and microfabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Kolesnik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Mingxin Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Peter V S Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Vijay Rajagopal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - David J Collins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Al-Qahtani SD, Azher OA, Felaly R, Subaihi A, Alkabli J, Alaysuy O, El-Metwaly NM. Development of sponge-like cellulose colorimetric swab immobilized with anthocyanin from red-cabbage for sweat monitoring. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:2037-2047. [PMID: 34087294 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Novel sponge-like biochromic swab was developed via immobilization of natural anthocyanin (Cy) biomolecular probe into microporous cellulose aerogel. The current biosensor is characterized with simple preparation, environmentally-friendly, biocompatibility, biodegradability, flexibility, portability and reversibility. This biochromic sponge-like aerogel detector displayed a color change from pink to green-yellow in response to the biochemical changes occurs to sweat. This could be ascribed to intramolecular charge transfer occurs to the molecular system of Cy. Thus, the anthocyanin probe displayed colorimetric variations in UV-Vis absorption spectra via a blue shifting from 620 to 529 nm when raising the pH value of the prepared mimic sweat solution. Natural pH sensitive anthocyanin spectroscopic probe was extracted from red-cabbage plant, characterized by HPLC, and encapsulated into microporous cellulose. The microporous sponge-like cellulose swab was prepared by activating wood pulp utilizing phosphoric acid, and then subjected to freeze-drying. This anthocyanin probe is highly soluble in water. Thus, it was encapsulated as a direct dye into cellulose substrate during the freeze-drying process. To allow a better fixation of this water-soluble anthocyanin probe to the cellulose substrate, potash alum was added to the freeze-dried mixture to act as a fixing agent or mordant (M) generating Cy/M coordination complex. The produced Cy/M nanoparticles (NPs) were explored by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The morphological features of the generated aerogels were investigated by scan electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra, and Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR). The cytotoxicity of the prepared aerogel-based biosensor was also evaluated. The naked-eye colorimetric changes were studied by exploring color strength, UV-Vis spectra and CIE Lab colorimetric coordinates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salhah D Al-Qahtani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omer A Azher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biomedical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Felaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdu Subaihi
- Department of Chemistry, University College in Al-Qunfudah, Umm-Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Alkabli
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts-Alkamil, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 23218, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omaymah Alaysuy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa M El-Metwaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Egypt.
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29
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Herrmann A, Haag R, Schedler U. Hydrogels and Their Role in Biosensing Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100062. [PMID: 33939333 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels play an important role in the field of biomedical research and diagnostic medicine. They are emerging as a powerful tool in the context of bioanalytical assays and biosensing. In this context, this review gives an overview of different hydrogels and the role they adopt in a range of applications. Not only are hydrogels beneficial for the immobilization and embedding of biomolecules, but they are also used as responsive material, as wearable devices, or as functional material. In particular, the scientific and technical progress during the last decade is discussed. The newest hydrogel types, their synthesis, and many applications are presented. Advantages and performance improvements are described, along with their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Herrmann
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy Freie Universität Berlin Takustr. 3 Berlin 14195 Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy Freie Universität Berlin Takustr. 3 Berlin 14195 Germany
| | - Uwe Schedler
- PolyAn GmbH Rudolf‐Baschant‐Straße 2 Berlin 13086 Germany
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30
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Kim W, Lee JS. Freestanding and Flexible β-MnO 2@Carbon Sheet for Application as a Highly Sensitive Dimethyl Methylphosphonate Sensor. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:4988-4994. [PMID: 33644606 PMCID: PMC7905932 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Research on wearable sensor systems is mostly conducted on freestanding polymer substrates such as poly(dimethylsiloxane) and poly(ethylene terephthalate). However, the use of these polymers as substrates requires the introduction of transducer materials on their surface, which causes many problems related to the contact with the transducer components. In this study, we propose a freestanding flexible sensor electrode based on a β-MnO2-decorated carbon nanofiber sheet (β-MnO2@CNF) to detect dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) as a nerve agent simulant. To introduce MnO2 on the surface of the substrate, polypyrrole coated on poly(acrylonitrile) (PPy@PAN) was reacted with a MnO2 precursor. Then, phase transfer of PPy@PAN and MnO2 to carbon and β-MnO2, respectively, was induced by heat treatment. The β-MnO2@CNF sheet electrode showed excellent sensitivity toward the target analyte DMMP (down to 0.1 ppb), as well as high selectivity, reversibility, and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooyoung Kim
- Samsung
Electronics, 1, Samsungjeonja-ro, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16677, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Seop Lee
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Gachon
University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
- . Tel: +82-31-750-5814. Fax: +82-31-750-5389
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31
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Yu M, Zhao W, Zhang K, Guo X. Single-Molecule Mechanism of pH Sensitive Smart Polymer. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/a20110529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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32
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Chen G, Zhang G, Yang F, Guo Z. Site-specific Positioning of MoS2 on Fabric Weaves by Post Treatment or In-situ Method for Hydrophobic Stability and Photoluminescence Enhancement. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guopeng Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Fuchao Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguang Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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