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Lu T, Chen X, Zhang Q, Shang K, Yang X, Xiang W. Vitamin D Relieves Epilepsy Symptoms and Neuroinflammation in Juvenile Mice by Activating the mTOR Signaling Pathway via RAF1: Insights from Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Studies. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:2379-2392. [PMID: 38837094 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04176-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder, and the exploration of potential therapeutic drugs for its treatment is still ongoing. Vitamin D has emerged as a promising treatment due to its potential neuroprotective effects and anti-epileptic properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D on epilepsy and neuroinflammation in juvenile mice using network pharmacology and molecular docking, with a focus on the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Experimental mouse models of epilepsy were established through intraperitoneal injection of pilocarpine, and in vitro injury models of hippocampal neurons were induced by glutamate (Glu) stimulation. The anti-epileptic effects of vitamin D were evaluated both in vivo and in vitro. Network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis were used to identify potential targets and regulatory pathways of vitamin D in epilepsy. The involvement of the mTOR signaling pathway in the regulation of mouse epilepsy by vitamin D was validated using rapamycin (RAPA). The levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Gene and protein expressions were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot, respectively. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labeling (TUNEL) staining was used to analyze the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons. In in vivo experiments, vitamin D reduced the Racine scores of epileptic mice, prolonged the latency of epilepsy, and inhibited the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the hippocampus. Furthermore, network pharmacology analysis identified RAF1 as a potential target of vitamin D in epilepsy, which was further confirmed by molecular docking analysis. Additionally, the mTOR signaling pathway was found to be involved in the regulation of mouse epilepsy by vitamin D. In in vitro experiments, Glu stimulation upregulated the expressions of RAF1 and LC3II/LC3I, inhibited mTOR phosphorylation, and induced neuronal apoptosis. Mechanistically, vitamin D activated the mTOR signaling pathway and alleviated mouse epilepsy via RAF1, while the use of the pathway inhibitor RAPA reversed this effect. Vitamin D alleviated epilepsy symptoms and neuroinflammation in juvenile mice by activating the mTOR signaling pathway via RAF1. These findings provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-epileptic effects of vitamin D and further supported its use as an adjunctive therapy for existing anti-epileptic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Lu
- School of Pediatrics, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
- Department of Neonatology, Haikou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Haikou, 570203, China
| | - Xiuling Chen
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical School Central South University, Haikou, 570208, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, 570312, China
| | - Kun Shang
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Xiaogui Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Haikou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Haikou, 570203, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- School of Pediatrics, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
- Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570312, China.
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570216, China.
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2
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Liu W, Wang Y, Qiu H, Chen D, Wu S, Ji Q, Chang B, Li Y, Zhao H, Tan Y, Gu Y. Long-term ultraviolet B irradiation at 297 nm with light-emitting diode improves bone health via vitamin D regulation. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:4081-4100. [PMID: 39022556 PMCID: PMC11249673 DOI: 10.1364/boe.520348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation is the primary determinant for vitamin D synthesis. Sunlight is inefficient and poses a risk, particularly for long-term exposure. In this study, we screened the most favorable wavelength for vitamin D synthesis among four types of narrowband light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and then irradiated osteoporosis rats with the optimal wavelength for 3-12 months. The 297 nm narrowband LED was the most efficient. Long-term radiation increased vitamin D levels in all osteoporotic rats and improved bone health. No skin damage was observed during irradiation. Our findings provide an efficient and safe method of vitamin D supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Liu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
- Department of Laser Medicine, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Laser Medicine, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Haixia Qiu
- Department of Laser Medicine, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Defu Chen
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shengnan Wu
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Quanbo Ji
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Biao Chang
- Department of Laser Medicine, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yunqi Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hongyou Zhao
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yizhou Tan
- Department of Laser Medicine, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ying Gu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
- Department of Laser Medicine, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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3
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Wunderlich S, Griffiths T, Baines F. UVB-emitting LEDs for reptile lighting: Identifying the risks of nonsolar UV spectra. Zoo Biol 2024; 43:61-74. [PMID: 37870081 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
UVB lamps are used to provide reptiles housed indoors with the UV radiation necessary to synthesize vitamin D3 in their skin. Since 2019, UVB-LED lamps have been on sale for use in reptile husbandry. We performed spectral analysis and mapped the UV irradiance for 18 of these lamps. The positive benefits of UVB-LED lamps over traditional products include greater energy efficiency, freedom from mercury and easy installation without external ballasts. However, the spectra of all the UVB-LED lamps tested had little similarity to the solar UV spectrum. Some lamps emitted short-wavelength, non-terrestrial, radiation known to cause acute photo-kerato-conjunctivitis; we report one case. All lamps were lacking significant output in the range 315-335 nm, essential for natural self-regulation of cutaneous vitamin D3 synthesis, preventing overproduction. We describe a possible risk of serious hypervitaminosis D based on our spectral analysis. We call for long-term animal studies to assess this risk, in which the reptiles under these lamps are exposed to species-appropriate UV index levels according to their Ferguson Zone allocation and serum levels of vitamin D3 and 25(OH)D3 monitored. Spectral modifications of the lamps to make the spectrum more like sunlight may be an essential way of mitigating this risk.
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Jaholkowski P, Hindley GFL, Shadrin AA, Tesfaye M, Bahrami S, Nerhus M, Rahman Z, O’Connell KS, Holen B, Parker N, Cheng W, Lin A, Rødevand L, Karadag N, Frei O, Djurovic S, Dale AM, Smeland OB, Andreassen OA. Genome-wide Association Analysis of Schizophrenia and Vitamin D Levels Shows Shared Genetic Architecture and Identifies Novel Risk Loci. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:1654-1664. [PMID: 37163672 PMCID: PMC10686370 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Low vitamin D (vitD) levels have been consistently reported in schizophrenia (SCZ) suggesting a role in the etiopathology. However, little is known about the role of underlying shared genetic mechanisms. We applied a conditional/conjunctional false discovery rate approach (FDR) on large, nonoverlapping genome-wide association studies for SCZ (N cases = 53 386, N controls = 77 258) and vitD serum concentration (N = 417 580) to evaluate shared common genetic variants. The identified genomic loci were characterized using functional analyses and biological repositories. We observed cross-trait SNP enrichment in SCZ conditioned on vitD and vice versa, demonstrating shared genetic architecture. Applying the conjunctional FDR approach, we identified 72 loci jointly associated with SCZ and vitD at conjunctional FDR < 0.05. Among the 72 shared loci, 40 loci have not previously been reported for vitD, and 9 were novel for SCZ. Further, 64% had discordant effects on SCZ-risk and vitD levels. A mixture of shared variants with concordant and discordant effects with a predominance of discordant effects was in line with weak negative genetic correlation (rg = -0.085). Our results displayed shared genetic architecture between SCZ and vitD with mixed effect directions, suggesting overlapping biological pathways. Shared genetic variants with complex overlapping mechanisms may contribute to the coexistence of SCZ and vitD deficiency and influence the clinical picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Jaholkowski
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guy F L Hindley
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College
London, London, UK
| | - Alexey A Shadrin
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo and
Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Markos Tesfaye
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical
College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Shahram Bahrami
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari Nerhus
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Special Psychiatry, Akershus University
Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Division of Health Services Research and Psychiatry,
Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo,
Oslo, Norway
| | - Zillur Rahman
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kevin S O’Connell
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Børge Holen
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nadine Parker
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Weiqiu Cheng
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aihua Lin
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linn Rødevand
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Naz Karadag
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of
Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital,
Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of
Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego,
La Jolla, CA
- Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California San
Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San
Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Olav B Smeland
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo and
Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Wang J, Shu B, Tang DZ, Li CG, Xie XW, Jiang LJ, Jiang XB, Chen BL, Lin XC, Wei X, Leng XY, Liao ZY, Li BL, Zhang Y, Cui XJ, Zhang Q, Lu S, Shi Q, Wang YJ. The prevalence of osteoporosis in China, a community based cohort study of osteoporosis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1084005. [PMID: 36875399 PMCID: PMC9978786 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1084005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis has already been a growing health concern worldwide. The influence of living area, lifestyle, socioeconomic, and medical conditions on the occurrence of osteoporosis in the middle-aged and elderly people in China has not been fully addressed. Methods The study was a multicenter cross-sectional study on the middle-aged and elderly permanent residents, which gathered information of 22,081 residents from June 2015 to August 2021 in seven representative regions of China. The bone mineral density of lumbar vertebrae and hip were determined using the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry densitometer instruments. Serum levels of bone metabolism markers were also measured. Information about education, smoking, and chronic diseases were also collected through face-to-face interviews. Age-standardized prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of osteopenia and osteoporosis by various criteria were estimated by subgroups and overall based on the data of China 2010 census. The relationships between the osteoporosis or osteopenia and sociodemographic variables or other factors were examined using univariate linear models and multivariable multinomial logit analyses. Results After screening, 19,848 participants (90%) were enrolled for the final analysis. The age-standardized prevalence of osteoporosis was estimated to be 33.49%(95%CI, 32.80-34.18%) in the middle-aged and elderly Chinese permanent residents, for men and women was 20.73% (95% CI, 19.58-21.87%) and 38.05% (95% CI, 37.22-38.89%), respectively. The serum concentrations of bone metabolic markers, and calcium and phosphorus metabolism were influenced by age, body mass index (BMI), gender, education level, regions, and bone mass status. Women, aged 60 or above, BMI lower than 18.5 kg/m2, low education level including middle school, primary school and no formal education as well as current regular smoking, a history of fracture were all significantly associated with a higher risk of osteoporosis and osteopenia in the middle-aged and elderly people. Conclusions This study revealed dramatic regional differences in osteoporosis prevalence in China, and female, aged 60 or older, low BMI, low education level, current regular smoking, and a history of fracture were associated with a high risk of osteoporosis. More prevention and treatment resources should be invested into particular population exposed to these risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Shu
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Spine Institute, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - De-Zhi Tang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Spine Institute, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Guang Li
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing-Wen Xie
- Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li-Juan Jiang
- Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Jiang
- The First Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo-Lai Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Chao Lin
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Wei
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Leng
- Hospital Affiliated to Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhang-Yu Liao
- Ganzhou Nankang District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Bao-Lin Li
- Shenzhen Pingle Orthopaedic Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Spine Institute, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Jun Cui
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- The First People's Hospital of Nankang District, Ganzhou, China
| | - Sheng Lu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Spine Institute, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Shi
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Spine Institute, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Jun Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Spine Institute, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ochiai S, Nishida Y, Higuchi Y, Morita D, Makida K, Seki T, Ikuta K, Imagama S. Short-range UV-LED irradiation in postmenopausal osteoporosis using ovariectomized mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7875. [PMID: 33846386 PMCID: PMC8042119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86730-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is crucial condition that reduces the QOL of affected patients just like aged type osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of short-range UV-LED irradiation in postmenopausal osteoporosis using ovariectomized mice. Preliminary experiments identified the time of onset of osteoporosis after ovariectomy (8 weeks) in our model. We have set up a total of 4 groups (n = 8/group); vitamin D-repletion with UV irradiation (Vit.D+UV+), vitamin D-repletion without UV irradiation (Vit.D+UV−), vitamin D-deficiency with UV irradiation (Vit.D-UV+), vitamin D-deficiency without UV irradiation (Vit.D-UV−), and. From 8 weeks after ovariectomy, UV was irradiated for 24 weeks. At the time of 16 and 24 weeks’ irradiation, serum Vit.D levels, various markers of bone metabolism, bone mineral density, and bone strength were evaluated, and histological analyses were performed. In addition, muscle strength was analyzed. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) D] levels at 40 and 48 weeks of age were increased in the Vit.D-UV+ group compared to the Vit.D-UV−group. Cortical thickness evaluated with micro-CT and strength of bone were significantly higher in Vit.D-UV+ group than those in Vit.D-UV− group. There was no difference in muscle strength between Vit.D-UV+ group and Vit.D-UV− group. No obvious adverse effects were observed in UV-irradiated mice including skin findings. Short-range UV irradiation may ameliorate postmenopausal osteoporosis associated with a state of vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ochiai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan. .,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Yoshitoshi Higuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daigo Morita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuya Makida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taisuke Seki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Ikuta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Medical Genome Center, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shiro Imagama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Gorman S, Weller RB. Investigating the Potential for Ultraviolet Light to Modulate Morbidity and Mortality From COVID-19: A Narrative Review and Update. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:616527. [PMID: 33426009 PMCID: PMC7786057 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.616527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease of 2019) pandemic, researchers have been seeking low-cost and accessible means of providing protection from its harms, particularly for at-risk individuals such as those with cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. One possible way is via safe sun exposure, and/or dietary supplementation with induced beneficial mediators (e.g., vitamin D). In this narrative review, we provide rationale and updated evidence on the potential benefits and harms of sun exposure and ultraviolet (UV) light that may impact COVID-19. We review recent studies that provide new evidence for any benefits (or otherwise) of UV light, sun exposure, and the induced mediators, vitamin D and nitric oxide, and their potential to modulate morbidity and mortality induced by infection with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus-2). We identified substantial interest in this research area, with many commentaries and reviews already published; however, most of these have focused on vitamin D, with less consideration of UV light (or sun exposure) or other mediators such as nitric oxide. Data collected to-date suggest that ambient levels of both UVA and UVB may be beneficial for reducing severity or mortality due to COVID-19, with some inconsistent findings. Currently unresolved are the nature of the associations between blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D and COVID-19 measures, with more prospective data needed that better consider lifestyle factors, such as physical activity and personal sun exposure levels. Another short-coming has been a lack of measurement of sun exposure, and its potential to influence COVID-19 outcomes. We also discuss possible mechanisms by which sun exposure, UV light and induced mediators could affect COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, by focusing on likely effects on viral pathogenesis, immunity and inflammation, and potential cardiometabolic protective mechanisms. Finally, we explore potential issues including the impacts of exposure to high dose UV radiation on COVID-19 and vaccination, and effective and safe doses for vitamin D supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Gorman
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Richard B. Weller
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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