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Bates JN, Getsy PM, Coffee GA, Baby SM, MacFarlane PM, Hsieh YH, Knauss ZT, Bubier JA, Mueller D, Lewis SJ. Lipophilic analogues of D-cysteine prevent and reverse physical dependence to fentanyl in male rats. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1336440. [PMID: 38645835 PMCID: PMC11026688 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1336440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
We examined whether co-injections of the cell-permeant D-cysteine analogues, D-cysteine ethyl ester (D-CYSee) and D-cysteine ethyl amide (D-CYSea), prevent acquisition of physical dependence induced by twice-daily injections of fentanyl, and reverse acquired dependence to these injections in freely-moving male Sprague Dawley rats. Injection of the opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone HCl (NLX, 1.5 mg/kg, IV), elicited a series of withdrawal phenomena that included cardiorespiratory and behavioral responses, and falls in body weight and body temperature, in rats that received 5 or 10 injections of fentanyl (125 μg/kg, IV), and the same number of vehicle co-injections. Regarding the development of physical dependence, the NLX-precipitated withdrawal phenomena were markedly reduced in fentanyl-injected rats that had received co-injections of D-CYSee (250 μmol/kg, IV) or D-CYSea (100 μmol/kg, IV), but not D-cysteine (250 μmol/kg, IV). Regarding reversal of established dependence to fentanyl, the NLX-precipitated withdrawal phenomena in rats that had received 10 injections of fentanyl (125 μg/kg, IV) was markedly reduced in rats that received co-injections of D-CYSee (250 μmol/kg, IV) or D-CYSea (100 μmol/kg, IV), but not D-cysteine (250 μmol/kg, IV), starting with injection 6 of fentanyl. This study provides evidence that co-injections of D-CYSee and D-CYSea prevent the acquisition of physical dependence, and reverse acquired dependence to fentanyl in male rats. The lack of effect of D-cysteine suggests that the enhanced cell-penetrability of D-CYSee and D-CYSea into cells, particularly within the brain, is key to their ability to interact with intracellular signaling events involved in acquisition to physical dependence to fentanyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N. Bates
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Paulina M. Getsy
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Gregory A. Coffee
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Santhosh M. Baby
- Section of Biology, Galleon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Horsham, PA, United States
| | - Peter M. MacFarlane
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Yee-Hsee Hsieh
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Zackery T. Knauss
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | | | - Devin Mueller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Stephen J. Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Functional Electrical Stimulation Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Hristov M, Landzhov B, Yakimova K. Effect of leptin on nitrergic neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area and the supraoptic nucleus of rats. Biotech Histochem 2024; 99:125-133. [PMID: 38533595 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2024.2335167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The adipocyte-derived hormone, leptin, plays a key role in the maintenance of energy homeostasis. Leptin binds to the long form of its receptor, which is predominantly expressed in various hypothalamic regions, including the lateral hypothalamic area (LH) and supraoptic nucleus (SO). Several studies have suggested that leptin directly activates neuronal nitric oxide synthase, leading to increased nitric oxide production. We used histochemistry for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) as a marker for nitric oxide synthase activity and assessed the effect of leptin on nitrergic neurons in the LH and SO of rats. We found that intraperitoneal administration of leptin led to a significant increase in the number of NADPH-d-positive neurons in the LH and SO. In addition, the intensity (optical density) of NADPH-d staining in LH and SO neurons was significantly elevated in rats that received leptin compared with saline-treated rats. These findings suggest that nitrergic neurons in the LH and SO may be implicated in mediating the central effects of leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milen Hristov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Boycho Landzhov
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Krassimira Yakimova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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3
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Baby SM, May WJ, Young AP, Wilson CG, Getsy PM, Coffee GA, Lewis THJ, Hsieh YH, Bates JN, Lewis SJ. L-cysteine ethylester reverses the adverse effects of morphine on breathing and arterial blood-gas chemistry while minimally affecting antinociception in unanesthetized rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116081. [PMID: 38219385 PMCID: PMC10922989 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
L-cysteine ethylester (L-CYSee) is a membrane-permeable analogue of L-cysteine with a variety of pharmacological effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of L-CYSee on morphine-induced changes in ventilation, arterial-blood gas (ABG) chemistry, Alveolar-arterial (A-a) gradient (i.e., a measure of the index of alveolar gas-exchange), antinociception and sedation in male Sprague Dawley rats. An injection of morphine (10 mg/kg, IV) produced adverse effects on breathing, including sustained decreases in minute ventilation. L-CYSee (500 μmol/kg, IV) given 15 min later immediately reversed the actions of morphine. Another injection of L-CYSee (500 μmol/kg, IV) after 15 min elicited more pronounced excitatory ventilatory responses. L-CYSee (250 or 500 μmol/kg, IV) elicited a rapid and prolonged reversal of the actions of morphine (10 mg/kg, IV) on ABG chemistry (pH, pCO2, pO2, sO2) and A-a gradient. L-serine ethylester (an oxygen atom replaces the sulfur; 500 μmol/kg, IV), was ineffective in all studies. L-CYSee (500 μmol/kg, IV) did not alter morphine (10 mg/kg, IV)-induced sedation, but slightly reduced the overall duration of morphine (5 or 10 mg/kg, IV)-induced analgesia. In summary, L-CYSee rapidly overcame the effects of morphine on breathing and alveolar gas-exchange, while not affecting morphine sedation or early-stage analgesia. The mechanisms by which L-CYSee modulates morphine depression of breathing are unknown, but appear to require thiol-dependent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhosh M Baby
- Department of Drug Discovery, Galleon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Horsham, PA, USA
| | - Walter J May
- Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Alex P Young
- Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Christopher G Wilson
- Basic Sciences, Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, USA
| | - Paulina M Getsy
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gregory A Coffee
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Yee-Hee Hsieh
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - James N Bates
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Stephen J Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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4
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Weihrauch D, Keszler A, Broeckel G, Aranda E, Lindemer B, Lohr NL. Red light mediates the exocytosis of vasodilatory vesicles from cultured endothelial cells: a cellular, and ex vivo murine model. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:355-364. [PMID: 38277065 PMCID: PMC10917865 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00522-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
We have previously established that 670 nm energy induces relaxation of blood vessels via an endothelium derived S-nitrosothiol (RSNO) suggested to be embedded in vesicles. Here, we confirm that red light facilitates the exocytosis of this vasodilator from cultured endothelial cells and increases ex vivo blood vessel diameter. Ex vivo pressurized and pre-constricted facial arteries from C57Bl6/J mice relaxed 14.7% of maximum diameter when immersed in the medium removed from red-light exposed Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells. In parallel experiments, 0.49 nM RSNO equivalent species was measured in the medium over the irradiated cells vs dark control. Electron microscopy of light exposed endothelium revealed significant increases in the size of the Multi Vesicular Body (MVB), a regulator of exosome trafficking, while RSNO accumulated in the MVBs as detected with immunogold labeling electron microscopy (1.8-fold of control). Moreover, red light enhanced the presence of F-actin related stress fibers (necessary for exocytosis), and the endothelial specific marker VE-cadherin levels suggesting an endothelial origin of the extracellular vesicles. Flow cytometry coupled with DAF staining, an indirect sensor of nitric oxide (NO), indicated significant amounts of NO within the extracellular vesicles (1.4-fold increase relative to dark control). Therefore, we further define the mechanism on the 670 nm light mediated traffic of endothelial vasodilatory vesicles and plan to leverage this insight into the delivery of red-light therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Weihrauch
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Agnes Keszler
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Grant Broeckel
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Eva Aranda
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Brian Lindemer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Nicole L Lohr
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Clement J Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
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5
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Bates JN, Getsy PM, Coffee GA, Baby SM, MacFarlane PM, Hsieh YH, Knauss ZT, Bubier JA, Mueller D, Lewis SJ. L-cysteine ethyl ester prevents and reverses acquired physical dependence on morphine in male Sprague Dawley rats. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1303207. [PMID: 38111383 PMCID: PMC10726967 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1303207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the acquisition of addiction/dependence on morphine may result from the ability of the opioid to diminish the transport of L-cysteine into neurons via inhibition of excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAA3). The objective of this study was to determine whether the co-administration of the cell-penetrant L-thiol ester, L-cysteine ethyl ester (L-CYSee), would reduce physical dependence on morphine in male Sprague Dawley rats. Injection of the opioid-receptor antagonist, naloxone HCl (NLX; 1.5 mg/kg, IP), elicited pronounced withdrawal phenomena in rats which received a subcutaneous depot of morphine (150 mg/kg) for 36 h and were receiving a continuous infusion of saline (20 μL/h, IV) via osmotic minipumps for the same 36 h period. The withdrawal phenomena included wet-dog shakes, jumping, rearing, fore-paw licking, 360° circling, writhing, apneas, cardiovascular (pressor and tachycardia) responses, hypothermia, and body weight loss. NLX elicited substantially reduced withdrawal syndrome in rats that received an infusion of L-CYSee (20.8 μmol/kg/h, IV) for 36 h. NLX precipitated a marked withdrawal syndrome in rats that had received subcutaneous depots of morphine (150 mg/kg) for 48 h) and a co-infusion of vehicle. However, the NLX-precipitated withdrawal signs were markedly reduced in morphine (150 mg/kg for 48 h)-treated rats that began receiving an infusion of L-CYSee (20.8 μmol/kg/h, IV) at 36 h. In similar studies to those described previously, neither L-cysteine nor L-serine ethyl ester (both at 20.8 μmol/kg/h, IV) mimicked the effects of L-CYSee. This study demonstrates that 1) L-CYSee attenuates the development of physical dependence on morphine in male rats and 2) prior administration of L-CYSee reverses morphine dependence, most likely by intracellular actions within the brain. The lack of the effect of L-serine ethyl ester (oxygen atom instead of sulfur atom) strongly implicates thiol biochemistry in the efficacy of L-CYSee. Accordingly, L-CYSee and analogs may be a novel class of therapeutics that ameliorate the development of physical dependence on opioids in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N. Bates
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Paulina M. Getsy
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Gregory A. Coffee
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Santhosh M. Baby
- Section of Biology, Galleon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Horsham, PA, United States
| | - Peter M. MacFarlane
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Yee-Hsee Hsieh
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Zackery T. Knauss
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | | | - Devin Mueller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Stephen J. Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Functional Electrical Stimulation Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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6
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Seckler JM, Getsy PM, May WJ, Gaston B, Baby SM, Lewis THJ, Bates JN, Lewis SJ. Hypoxia releases S-nitrosocysteine from carotid body glomus cells-relevance to expression of the hypoxic ventilatory response. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1250154. [PMID: 37886129 PMCID: PMC10598756 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1250154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We have provided indirect pharmacological evidence that hypoxia may trigger release of the S-nitrosothiol, S-nitroso-L-cysteine (L-CSNO), from primary carotid body glomus cells (PGCs) of rats that then activates chemosensory afferents of the carotid sinus nerve to elicit the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR). The objective of this study was to provide direct evidence, using our capacitive S-nitrosothiol sensor, that L-CSNO is stored and released from PGCs extracted from male Sprague Dawley rat carotid bodies, and thus further pharmacological evidence for the role of S-nitrosothiols in mediating the HVR. Key findings of this study were that 1) lysates of PGCs contained an S-nitrosothiol with physico-chemical properties similar to L-CSNO rather than S-nitroso-L-glutathione (L-GSNO), 2) exposure of PGCs to a hypoxic challenge caused a significant increase in S-nitrosothiol concentrations in the perfusate to levels approaching 100 fM via mechanisms that required extracellular Ca2+, 3) the dose-dependent increases in minute ventilation elicited by arterial injections of L-CSNO and L-GSNO were likely due to activation of small diameter unmyelinated C-fiber carotid body chemoafferents, 4) L-CSNO, but not L-GSNO, responses were markedly reduced in rats receiving continuous infusion (10 μmol/kg/min, IV) of both S-methyl-L-cysteine (L-SMC) and S-ethyl-L-cysteine (L-SEC), 5) ventilatory responses to hypoxic gas challenge (10% O2, 90% N2) were also due to the activation of small diameter unmyelinated C-fiber carotid body chemoafferents, and 6) the HVR was markedly diminished in rats receiving L-SMC plus L-SEC. This data provides evidence that rat PGCs synthesize an S-nitrosothiol with similar properties to L-CSNO that is released in an extracellular Ca2+-dependent manner by hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Seckler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Paulina M. Getsy
- Departments of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Walter J. May
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Benjamin Gaston
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | - Tristan H. J. Lewis
- Departments of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - James N. Bates
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Stephen J. Lewis
- Departments of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Departments of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Functional Electrical Stimulation Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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7
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Lewis THJ, Zhuo J, McClellan JX, Getsy PM, Ryan RM, Jenkins MJ, Lewis SJ. Infrared light elicits endothelium-dependent vasodilation in isolated occipital arteries of the rat via soluble guanylyl cyclase-dependent mechanisms. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1219998. [PMID: 37664436 PMCID: PMC10471192 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1219998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The left and right occipital arteries provide blood supply to afferent cell bodies in the ipsilateral nodose and petrosal ganglia. This supply is free of an effective blood-ganglion barrier, so changes in occipital artery blood flow directly affect the access of circulating factors to the afferent cell bodies. The application of infrared (IR) light to modulate neural and other cell processes has yielded information about basic biological processes within tissues and is gaining traction as a potential therapy for a variety of disease processes. To address whether IR can directly modulate vascular function, we performed wire myography studies to determine the actions of IR on occipital arteries isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats. Based on our previous research that functionally-important differences exist between occipital artery segments close to their origin at the external carotid artery (ECA) and those closer to the nodose ganglion, the occipital arteries were dissected into two segments, one closer to the ECA and the other closer to the nodose ganglion. Segments were constricted with 5-hydroxytryptamine to a level equal to 50% of the maximal response generated by the application of a high (80 mM) concentration of K+ ions. The direct application of pulsed IR (1,460 nm) for 5 s produced a rapid vasodilation in occipital arteries that was significantly more pronounced in segments closest to the ECA, although the ECA itself was minimally responsive. The vasodilation remained for a substantial time (at least 120 s) after cessation of IR application. The vasodilation during and following cessation of the IR application was markedly diminished in occipital arteries denuded of the endothelium. In addition, the vasodilation elicited by IR in endothelium-intact occipital arteries was substantially reduced in the presence of a selective inhibitor of the nitric oxide-sensitive guanylate cyclase, 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo [4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ). It appears that IR causes endothelium-dependent, nitric-oxide-mediated vasodilation in the occipital arteries of the rat. The ability of IR to generate rapid and sustained vasodilation may provide new therapeutic approaches for restoring or improving blood flow to targeted tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan H. J. Lewis
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Junqi Zhuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jacob X. McClellan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Paulina M. Getsy
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Rita M. Ryan
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Michael. J. Jenkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Stephen J. Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Departments of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Functional Electrical Stimulation Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Khatibi VA, Rahdar M, Rezaei M, Davoudi S, Nazari M, Mohammadi M, Raoufy MR, Mirnajafi-Zadeh J, Hosseinmardi N, Behzadi G, Janahmadi M. The Glycolysis Inhibitor 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Exerts Different Neuronal Effects at Circuit and Cellular Levels, Partially Reverses Behavioral Alterations and does not Prevent NADPH Diaphorase Activity Reduction in the Intrahippocampal Kainic Acid Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:210-228. [PMID: 36064822 PMCID: PMC9444119 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03740-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most drug-resistant type with the highest incidence among the other focal epilepsies. Metabolic manipulations are of great interest among others, glycolysis inhibitors like 2-deoxy D-glucose (2-DG) being the most promising intervention. Here, we sought to investigate the effects of 2-DG treatment on cellular and circuit level electrophysiological properties using patch-clamp and local field potentials recordings and behavioral alterations such as depression and anxiety behaviors, and changes in nitric oxide signaling in the intrahippocampal kainic acid model. We found that epileptic animals were less anxious, more depressed, with more locomotion activity. Interestingly, by masking the effect of increased locomotor activity on the parameters of the zero-maze test, no altered anxiety behavior was noted in epileptic animals. However, 2-DG could partially reverse the behavioral changes induced by kainic acid. The findings also showed that 2-DG treatment partially suppresses cellular level alterations while failing to reverse circuit-level changes resulting from kainic acid injection. Analysis of NADPH-diaphorase positive neurons in the CA1 area of the hippocampus revealed that the number of positive neurons was significantly reduced in dorsal CA1 of the epileptic animals and 2-DG treatment did not affect the diminishing effect of kainic acid on NADPH-d+ neurons in the CA1 area. In the control group receiving 2-DG, however, an augmented NADPH-d+ cell number was noted. These data suggest that 2-DG cannot suppress epileptiform activity at the circuit-level in this model of epilepsy and therefore, may fail to control the seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Ahli Khatibi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Rahdar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rezaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Davoudi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Nazari
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mohammad Mohammadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mohammad Reza Raoufy
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Hosseinmardi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gila Behzadi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahyar Janahmadi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Lewis TH, May WJ, Young AP, Bates JN, Baby SM, Getsy PM, Ryan RM, Hsieh YH, Seckler JM, Lewis SJ. The ventilatory depressant actions but not the antinociceptive effects of morphine are blunted in rats receiving intravenous infusion of L-cysteine ethyl ester. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113939. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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10
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Getsy PM, Baby SM, May WJ, Bates JN, Ellis CR, Feasel MG, Wilson CG, Lewis THJ, Gaston B, Hsieh YH, Lewis SJ. L-cysteine methyl ester overcomes the deleterious effects of morphine on ventilatory parameters and arterial blood-gas chemistry in unanesthetized rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:968378. [PMID: 36249760 PMCID: PMC9554613 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.968378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We are developing a series of thiolesters that produce an immediate and sustained reversal of the deleterious effects of opioids, such as morphine and fentanyl, on ventilation without diminishing the antinociceptive effects of these opioids. We report here the effects of systemic injections of L-cysteine methyl ester (L-CYSme) on morphine-induced changes in ventilatory parameters, arterial-blood gas (ABG) chemistry (pH, pCO2, pO2, sO2), Alveolar-arterial (A-a) gradient (i.e., the index of alveolar gas-exchange within the lungs), and antinociception in unanesthetized Sprague Dawley rats. The administration of morphine (10 mg/kg, IV) produced a series of deleterious effects on ventilatory parameters, including sustained decreases in tidal volume, minute ventilation, inspiratory drive and peak inspiratory flow that were accompanied by a sustained increase in end inspiratory pause. A single injection of L-CYSme (500 μmol/kg, IV) produced a rapid and long-lasting reversal of the deleterious effects of morphine on ventilatory parameters, and a second injection of L-CYSme (500 μmol/kg, IV) elicited pronounced increases in ventilatory parameters, such as minute ventilation, to values well above pre-morphine levels. L-CYSme (250 or 500 μmol/kg, IV) also produced an immediate and sustained reversal of the deleterious effects of morphine (10 mg/kg, IV) on arterial blood pH, pCO2, pO2, sO2 and A-a gradient, whereas L-cysteine (500 μmol/kg, IV) itself was inactive. L-CYSme (500 μmol/kg, IV) did not appear to modulate the sedative effects of morphine as measured by righting reflex times, but did diminish the duration, however, not the magnitude of the antinociceptive actions of morphine (5 or 10 mg/kg, IV) as determined in tail-flick latency and hindpaw-withdrawal latency assays. These findings provide evidence that L-CYSme can powerfully overcome the deleterious effects of morphine on breathing and gas-exchange in Sprague Dawley rats while not affecting the sedative or early stage antinociceptive effects of the opioid. The mechanisms by which L-CYSme interferes with the OR-induced signaling pathways that mediate the deleterious effects of morphine on ventilatory performance, and by which L-CYSme diminishes the late stage antinociceptive action of morphine remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina M. Getsy
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Paulina M. Getsy,
| | | | - Walter J. May
- Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - James N. Bates
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Christopher R. Ellis
- United States Army CCDC Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, United States
| | - Michael G. Feasel
- United States Army CCDC Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, United States
| | - Christopher G. Wilson
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Tristan H. J. Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Benjamin Gaston
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Yee-Hsee Hsieh
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Stephen J. Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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11
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Getsy PM, Young AP, Bates JN, Baby SM, Seckler JM, Grossfield A, Hsieh YH, Lewis THJ, Jenkins MW, Gaston B, Lewis SJ. S-nitroso-L-cysteine stereoselectively blunts the adverse effects of morphine on breathing and arterial blood gas chemistry while promoting analgesia. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113436. [PMID: 36076552 PMCID: PMC9464305 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina M Getsy
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alex P Young
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - James N Bates
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Santhosh M Baby
- Galleon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 213 Witmer Road, Horsham, PA, USA.
| | - James M Seckler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Alan Grossfield
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Yee-Hsee Hsieh
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tristan H J Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael W Jenkins
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Benjamin Gaston
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Stephen J Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Functional Electrical Stimulation Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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12
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Tamayo A, Gonçalves LM, Rodriguez-Diaz R, Pereira E, Canales M, Caicedo A, Almaça J. Pericyte Control of Blood Flow in Intraocular Islet Grafts Impacts Glucose Homeostasis in Mice. Diabetes 2022; 71:1679-1693. [PMID: 35587617 PMCID: PMC9490358 DOI: 10.2337/db21-1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The pancreatic islet depends on blood supply to efficiently sense plasma glucose levels and deliver insulin and glucagon into the circulation. Long believed to be passive conduits of nutrients and hormones, islet capillaries were recently found to be densely covered with contractile pericytes with the capacity to locally control blood flow. Here, we determined the contribution of pericyte regulation of islet blood flow to plasma insulin and glucagon levels and glycemia. Selective optogenetic activation of pericytes in intraocular islet grafts contracted capillaries and diminished blood flow. In awake mice, acute light-induced stimulation of islet pericytes decreased insulin and increased glucagon plasma levels, producing hyperglycemic effects. Interestingly, pericytes are the targets of sympathetic nerves in the islet, suggesting that sympathetic control of hormone secretion may occur in part by modulating pericyte activity and blood flow. Indeed, in vivo activation of pericytes with the sympathetic agonist phenylephrine decreased blood flow in mouse islet grafts, lowered plasma insulin levels, and increased glycemia. We further show that islet pericytes and blood vessels in living human pancreas slices responded to sympathetic input. Our findings indicate that pericytes mediate vascular responses in the islet that are required for adequate hormone secretion and glucose homeostasis. Vascular and neuronal alterations that are commonly seen in the islets of people with diabetes may impair regulation of islet blood flow and thus precipitate islet dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Tamayo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Luciana Mateus Gonçalves
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Rayner Rodriguez-Diaz
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Elizabeth Pereira
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Melissa Canales
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Alejandro Caicedo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Program of Neuroscience, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Joana Almaça
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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13
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Getsy PM, Baby SM, May WJ, Young AP, Gaston B, Hodges MR, Forster HV, Bates JN, Wilson CG, Lewis THJ, Hsieh YH, Lewis SJ. D-Cysteine Ethyl Ester Reverses the Deleterious Effects of Morphine on Breathing and Arterial Blood-Gas Chemistry in Freely-Moving Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:883329. [PMID: 35814208 PMCID: PMC9260251 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.883329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrant thiol esters including the disulfides, D-cystine diethyl ester and D-cystine dimethyl ester, and the monosulfide, L-glutathione ethyl ester, prevent and/or reverse the deleterious effects of opioids, such as morphine and fentanyl, on breathing and gas exchange within the lungs of unanesthetized/unrestrained rats without diminishing the antinociceptive or sedative effects of opioids. We describe here the effects of the monosulfide thiol ester, D-cysteine ethyl ester (D-CYSee), on intravenous morphine-induced changes in ventilatory parameters, arterial blood-gas chemistry, alveolar-arterial (A-a) gradient (i.e., index of gas exchange in the lungs), and sedation and antinociception in freely-moving rats. The bolus injection of morphine (10 mg/kg, IV) elicited deleterious effects on breathing, including depression of tidal volume, minute ventilation, peak inspiratory flow, and inspiratory drive. Subsequent injections of D-CYSee (2 × 500 μmol/kg, IV, given 15 min apart) elicited an immediate and sustained reversal of these effects of morphine. Morphine (10 mg/kg, IV) also A-a gradient, which caused a mismatch in ventilation perfusion within the lungs, and elicited pronounced changes in arterial blood-gas chemistry, including pronounced decreases in arterial blood pH, pO2 and sO2, and equally pronounced increases in pCO2 (all responses indicative of decreased ventilatory drive). These deleterious effects of morphine were immediately reversed by the injection of a single dose of D-CYSee (500 μmol/kg, IV). Importantly, the sedation and antinociception elicited by morphine (10 mg/kg, IV) were minimally affected by D-CYSee (500 μmol/kg, IV). In contrast, none of the effects of morphine were affected by administration of the parent thiol, D-cysteine (1 or 2 doses of 500 μmol/kg, IV). Taken together, these data suggest that D-CYSee may exert its beneficial effects via entry into cells that mediate the deleterious effects of opioids on breathing and gas exchange. Whether D-CYSee acts as a respiratory stimulant or counteracts the inhibitory actions of µ-opioid receptor activation remains to be determined. In conclusion, D-CYSee and related thiol esters may have clinical potential for the reversal of the adverse effects of opioids on breathing and gas exchange, while largely sparing antinociception and sedation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina M. Getsy
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Santhosh M. Baby
- Department of Drug Discovery, Galleon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Horsham, PA, United States
| | - Walter J. May
- Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Alex P. Young
- Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Benjamin Gaston
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Matthew R. Hodges
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Hubert V. Forster
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - James N. Bates
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Christopher G. Wilson
- Basic Sciences, Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Tristan H. J. Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Yee-Hee Hsieh
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Stephen J. Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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14
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Getsy PM, Baby SM, Gruber RB, Gaston B, Lewis THJ, Grossfield A, Seckler JM, Hsieh YH, Bates JN, Lewis SJ. S-Nitroso-L-Cysteine Stereoselectively Blunts the Deleterious Effects of Fentanyl on Breathing While Augmenting Antinociception in Freely-Moving Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:892307. [PMID: 35721204 PMCID: PMC9199495 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.892307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous and exogenously administered S-nitrosothiols modulate the activities of central and peripheral systems that control breathing. We have unpublished data showing that the deleterious effects of morphine on arterial blood-gas chemistry (i.e., pH, pCO2, pO2, and sO2) and Alveolar-arterial gradient (i.e., index of gas exchange) were markedly diminished in anesthetized Sprague Dawley rats that received a continuous intravenous infusion of the endogenous S-nitrosothiol, S-nitroso-L-cysteine. The present study extends these findings by showing that unanesthetized adult male Sprague Dawley rats receiving an intravenous infusion of S-nitroso-L-cysteine (100 or 200 nmol/kg/min) markedly diminished the ability of intravenous injections of the potent synthetic opioid, fentanyl (10, 25, and 50 μg/kg), to depress the frequency of breathing, tidal volume, and minute ventilation. Our study also found that the ability of intravenously injected fentanyl (10, 25, and 50 μg/kg) to disturb eupneic breathing, which was measured as a marked increase of the non-eupneic breathing index, was substantially reduced in unanesthetized rats receiving intravenous infusions of S-nitroso-L-cysteine (100 or 200 nmol/kg/min). In contrast, the deleterious effects of fentanyl (10, 25, and 50 μg/kg) on frequency of breathing, tidal volume, minute ventilation and non-eupneic breathing index were fully expressed in rats receiving continuous infusions (200 nmol/kg/min) of the parent amino acid, L-cysteine, or the D-isomer, namely, S-nitroso-D-cysteine. In addition, the antinociceptive actions of the above doses of fentanyl as monitored by the tail-flick latency assay, were enhanced by S-nitroso-L-cysteine, but not L-cysteine or S-nitroso-D-cysteine. Taken together, these findings add to existing knowledge that S-nitroso-L-cysteine stereoselectively modulates the detrimental effects of opioids on breathing, and opens the door for mechanistic studies designed to establish whether the pharmacological actions of S-nitroso-L-cysteine involve signaling processes that include 1) the activation of plasma membrane ion channels and receptors, 2) selective intracellular entry of S-nitroso-L-cysteine, and/or 3) S-nitrosylation events. Whether alterations in the bioavailability and bioactivity of endogenous S-nitroso-L-cysteine is a key factor in determining the potency/efficacy of fentanyl on breathing is an intriguing question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina M. Getsy
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | | | - Ryan B. Gruber
- Galleon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Horsham, PA, United States
| | - Benjamin Gaston
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Tristan H. J. Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Alan Grossfield
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - James M. Seckler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Yee-Hsee Hsieh
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - James N. Bates
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Stephen J. Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Functional Electrical Stimulation Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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15
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Neidigh N, Alexander A, van Emmerik P, Higgs A, Plack L, Clem C, Cater D, Marozkina N, Gaston B. Photolytic Measurement of Tissue S-Nitrosothiols in Rats and Humans In Vivo. Molecules 2022; 27:1294. [PMID: 35209089 PMCID: PMC8877821 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
S-nitrosothiols are labile thiol-NO adducts formed in vivo primarily by metalloproteins such as NO synthase, ceruloplasmin, and hemoglobin. Abnormal S-nitrosothiol synthesis and catabolism contribute to many diseases, ranging from asthma to septic shock. Current methods for quantifying S-nitrosothiols in vivo are suboptimal. Samples need to be removed from the body for analysis, and the S-nitrosothiols can be broken down during ex vivo processing. Here, we have developed a noninvasive device to measure mammalian tissue S-nitrosothiols in situ non-invasively using ultraviolet (UV) light, which causes NO release in proportion to the S-nitrosothiol concentration. We validated the assay in vitro; then, we applied it to measure S-nitrosothiols in vivo in rats and in humans. The method was sensitive to 0.5 µM, specific (did not detect other nitrogen oxides), and was reproducible in rats and in humans. This noninvasive approach to S-nitrosothiol measurements may be applicable for use in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Neidigh
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (N.N.); (A.A.); (P.v.E.); (L.P.)
| | - Alyssa Alexander
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (N.N.); (A.A.); (P.v.E.); (L.P.)
| | - Parker van Emmerik
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (N.N.); (A.A.); (P.v.E.); (L.P.)
| | - Allison Higgs
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.H.); (C.C.); (D.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Logan Plack
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (N.N.); (A.A.); (P.v.E.); (L.P.)
| | - Charles Clem
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.H.); (C.C.); (D.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Daniel Cater
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.H.); (C.C.); (D.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Nadzeya Marozkina
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.H.); (C.C.); (D.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Benjamin Gaston
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.H.); (C.C.); (D.C.); (N.M.)
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16
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Lewis THJ, Getsy PM, Peroni JF, Ryan RM, Jenkins MW, Lewis SJ. Characterization of endothelium-dependent and -independent processes in occipital artery of the rat: Relevance to control of blood flow to nodose sensory cells. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:1067-1079. [PMID: 34323595 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00221.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating factors access cell bodies of vagal afferents in nodose ganglia (NG) via the occipital artery (OA). Constrictor responses of OA segments closer in origin from the external carotid artery (ECA) differ from segments closer to NG. Our objective was to determine the role of endothelium in this differential vasoreactivity in rat OA segments. Vasoreactivity of OA segments (proximal segments closer to ECA, distal segments closer to NG) were examined in wire myographs. We evaluated (a) vasoconstrictor effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in intact and endothelium-denuded OA segments in absence/presence of soluble guanylate cyclase (SGC) inhibitor ODQ, (b) vasodilator responses elicited by NO-donor MAHMA NONOate in intact or endothelium-denuded OA segments in absence/presence of ODQ, and (c) vasodilator responses elicited by endothelium-dependent vasodilator, acetylcholine (ACh), in intact OA segments in absence/presence of ODQ. Intact distal OA responded more to 5-HT than intact proximal OA. Endothelium denudation increased 5-HT potency in both OA segments, especially proximal OA. ODQ increased maximal responses of 5HT in both segments, particularly proximal OA. ACh similarly relaxed both OA segments, effects abolished by endothelial denudation and attenuated by ODQ. MAHMA NONOate elicited transient vasodilation in both segments. Effects of ODQ against ACh were segment-dependent whereas those against MAHMA NONOate were not. The endothelium regulates OA responsiveness in a segment-dependently fashion. Endothelial cells at the OA-ECA junction more strongly influence vascular tone than those closer to NG. Differential endothelial regulation of OA tone may play a role in controlling blood flow and access of circulating factors to NG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan H J Lewis
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Paulina M Getsy
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - John F Peroni
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
| | - Rita M Ryan
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Michael W Jenkins
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Stephen John Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Functional Electrical Stimulation Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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