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Barreras F, Watts DJ. The exciting potential and daunting challenge of using GPS human-mobility data for epidemic modeling. NATURE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 4:398-411. [PMID: 38898315 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-024-00637-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Large-scale GPS location datasets hold immense potential for measuring human mobility and interpersonal contact, both of which are essential for data-driven epidemiology. However, despite their potential and widespread adoption during the COVID-19 pandemic, there are several challenges with these data that raise concerns regarding the validity and robustness of its applications. Here we outline two types of challenges-some related to accessing and processing these data, and some related to data quality-and propose several research directions to address them moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Barreras
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Duncan J Watts
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Operations, Information and Decisions Department, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Annenberg School of Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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2
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Cencetti G, Lucchini L, Santin G, Battiston F, Moro E, Pentland A, Lepri B. Temporal clustering of social interactions trades-off disease spreading and knowledge diffusion. J R Soc Interface 2024; 21:20230471. [PMID: 38166491 PMCID: PMC10761286 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2023.0471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-pharmaceutical measures such as preventive quarantines, remote working, school and workplace closures, lockdowns, etc. have shown effectiveness from an epidemic control perspective; however, they have also significant negative consequences on social life and relationships, work routines and community engagement. In particular, complex ideas, work and school collaborations, innovative discoveries and resilient norms formation and maintenance, which often require face-to-face interactions of two or more parties to be developed and synergically coordinated, are particularly affected. In this study, we propose an alternative hybrid solution that balances the slowdown of epidemic diffusion with the preservation of face-to-face interactions, that we test simulating a disease and a knowledge spreading simultaneously on a network of contacts. Our approach involves a two-step partitioning of the population. First, we tune the level of node clustering, creating 'social bubbles' with increased contacts within each bubble and fewer outside, while maintaining the average number of contacts in each network. Second, we tune the level of temporal clustering by pairing, for a certain time interval, nodes from specific social bubbles. Our results demonstrate that a hybrid approach can achieve better trade-offs between epidemic control and complex knowledge diffusion. The versatility of our model enables tuning and refining clustering levels to optimally achieve the desired trade-off, based on the potentially changing characteristics of a disease or knowledge diffusion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cencetti
- Digital Society Center, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
- Centre de Physique Théorique, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, Marseille, France
| | - Lorenzo Lucchini
- DONDENA and BIDSA Research Centres—Bocconi University, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Santin
- Digital Society Center, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Venezia, Italy
| | - Federico Battiston
- Department of Network and Data Science, Central European University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Esteban Moro
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mathematics & GISC, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganes, Spain
| | - Alex Pentland
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bruno Lepri
- Digital Society Center, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
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3
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Matteson NL, Hassler GW, Kurzban E, Schwab MA, Perkins SA, Gangavarapu K, Levy JI, Parker E, Pride D, Hakim A, De Hoff P, Cheung W, Castro-Martinez A, Rivera A, Veder A, Rivera A, Wauer C, Holmes J, Wilson J, Ngo SN, Plascencia A, Lawrence ES, Smoot EW, Eisner ER, Tsai R, Chacón M, Baer NA, Seaver P, Salido RA, Aigner S, Ngo TT, Barber T, Ostrander T, Fielding-Miller R, Simmons EH, Zazueta OE, Serafin-Higuera I, Sanchez-Alavez M, Moreno-Camacho JL, García-Gil A, Murphy Schafer AR, McDonald E, Corrigan J, Malone JD, Stous S, Shah S, Moshiri N, Weiss A, Anderson C, Aceves CM, Spencer EG, Hufbauer EC, Lee JJ, King AJ, Ramesh KS, Nguyen KN, Saucedo K, Robles-Sikisaka R, Fisch KM, Gonias SL, Birmingham A, McDonald D, Karthikeyan S, Martin NK, Schooley RT, Negrete AJ, Reyna HJ, Chavez JR, Garcia ML, Cornejo-Bravo JM, Becker D, Isaksson M, Washington NL, Lee W, Garfein RS, Luna-Ruiz Esparza MA, Alcántar-Fernández J, Henson B, Jepsen K, Olivares-Flores B, Barrera-Badillo G, Lopez-Martínez I, Ramírez-González JE, Flores-León R, Kingsmore SF, Sanders A, Pradenas A, White B, Matthews G, Hale M, McLawhon RW, Reed SL, Winbush T, McHardy IH, Fielding RA, Nicholson L, Quigley MM, Harding A, Mendoza A, Bakhtar O, Browne SH, Olivas Flores J, Rincon Rodríguez DG, Gonzalez Ibarra M, Robles Ibarra LC, Arellano Vera BJ, Gonzalez Garcia J, Harvey-Vera A, Knight R, Laurent LC, Yeo GW, Wertheim JO, Ji X, Worobey M, Suchard MA, Andersen KG, Campos-Romero A, Wohl S, Zeller M. Genomic surveillance reveals dynamic shifts in the connectivity of COVID-19 epidemics. Cell 2023; 186:5690-5704.e20. [PMID: 38101407 PMCID: PMC10795731 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The maturation of genomic surveillance in the past decade has enabled tracking of the emergence and spread of epidemics at an unprecedented level. During the COVID-19 pandemic, for example, genomic data revealed that local epidemics varied considerably in the frequency of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lineage importation and persistence, likely due to a combination of COVID-19 restrictions and changing connectivity. Here, we show that local COVID-19 epidemics are driven by regional transmission, including across international boundaries, but can become increasingly connected to distant locations following the relaxation of public health interventions. By integrating genomic, mobility, and epidemiological data, we find abundant transmission occurring between both adjacent and distant locations, supported by dynamic mobility patterns. We find that changing connectivity significantly influences local COVID-19 incidence. Our findings demonstrate a complex meaning of "local" when investigating connected epidemics and emphasize the importance of collaborative interventions for pandemic prevention and mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel W Hassler
- Department of Computational Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ezra Kurzban
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Madison A Schwab
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sarah A Perkins
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karthik Gangavarapu
- Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joshua I Levy
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Edyth Parker
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David Pride
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Abbas Hakim
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; COVID-19 Detection, Investigation, Surveillance, Clinical, and Outbreak Response, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Peter De Hoff
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; COVID-19 Detection, Investigation, Surveillance, Clinical, and Outbreak Response, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Willi Cheung
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; COVID-19 Detection, Investigation, Surveillance, Clinical, and Outbreak Response, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA
| | - Anelizze Castro-Martinez
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Rivera
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Veder
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ariana Rivera
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cassandra Wauer
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Holmes
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jedediah Wilson
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shayla N Ngo
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ashley Plascencia
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elijah S Lawrence
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Smoot
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emily R Eisner
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Tsai
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marisol Chacón
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nathan A Baer
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Phoebe Seaver
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rodolfo A Salido
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Aigner
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Toan T Ngo
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tom Barber
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tyler Ostrander
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Fielding-Miller
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Oscar E Zazueta
- Department of Epidemiology, Secretaria de Salud de Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | | | - Manuel Sanchez-Alavez
- Centro de Diagnostico COVID-19 UABC, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico; Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Abraham García-Gil
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Salud Digna, A.C, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | | | - Eric McDonald
- County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy Corrigan
- County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - John D Malone
- County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Stous
- County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Seema Shah
- County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Niema Moshiri
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alana Weiss
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Catelyn Anderson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christine M Aceves
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emily G Spencer
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emory C Hufbauer
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Justin J Lee
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alison J King
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karthik S Ramesh
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kelly N Nguyen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kieran Saucedo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Kathleen M Fisch
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Steven L Gonias
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Birmingham
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniel McDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Smruthi Karthikeyan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Natasha K Martin
- Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert T Schooley
- Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Agustin J Negrete
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Autonoma de Baja California Valle de Las Palmas, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Horacio J Reyna
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Autonoma de Baja California Valle de Las Palmas, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Jose R Chavez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Autonoma de Baja California Valle de Las Palmas, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Maria L Garcia
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Autonoma de Baja California Valle de Las Palmas, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Jose M Cornejo-Bravo
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas e Ingenieria, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Richard S Garfein
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Benjamin Henson
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kristen Jepsen
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Beatriz Olivares-Flores
- Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (InDRE), Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Gisela Barrera-Badillo
- Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (InDRE), Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Irma Lopez-Martínez
- Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (InDRE), Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - José E Ramírez-González
- Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (InDRE), Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Rita Flores-León
- Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (InDRE), Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | | | - Alison Sanders
- Return to Learn, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Allorah Pradenas
- Return to Learn, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin White
- Return to Learn, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gary Matthews
- Return to Learn, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Matt Hale
- Return to Learn, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ronald W McLawhon
- Return to Learn, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sharon L Reed
- Return to Learn, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Terri Winbush
- Return to Learn, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sara H Browne
- Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Specialist in Global Health, Encinitas, CA, USA
| | - Jocelyn Olivas Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas e Ingenieria, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico; University of HealthMx, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Diana G Rincon Rodríguez
- University of HealthMx, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Xochicalco, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Martin Gonzalez Ibarra
- University of HealthMx, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Xochicalco, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Luis C Robles Ibarra
- University of HealthMx, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico; Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Betsy J Arellano Vera
- University of HealthMx, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico; Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Jonathan Gonzalez Garcia
- University of HealthMx, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico; SIMNSA, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | | | - Rob Knight
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Louise C Laurent
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Expedited COVID Identification Environment (EXCITE) Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Sanford Consortium of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joel O Wertheim
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xiang Ji
- Department of Mathematics, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Michael Worobey
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Marc A Suchard
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kristian G Andersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Abraham Campos-Romero
- Innovation and Research Department, Salud Digna, A.C, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Shirlee Wohl
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mark Zeller
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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4
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Stevens CJ, Wechsler S, Ejem DB, Khalidi S, Coffee-Dunning J, Morency JL, Thorp KE, Codini ME, Newman RM, Echols J, Cloyd DZ, dos Anjos S, Muse C, Gallups S, Goedeken SC, Flannery K, Bakitas MA, Hegel MT, Lyons KD. A Process Evaluation of Intervention Delivery for a Cancer Survivorship Rehabilitation Clinical Trial Conducted during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:9141-9155. [PMID: 37887560 PMCID: PMC10605104 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30100660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to conduct a process evaluation of intervention delivery for a randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic (NCT03915548). The RCT tested the effects of a telephone-delivered behavioral intervention on changes in breast cancer survivors' satisfaction with social roles and activities, as compared to an attention control condition. This process evaluation examined (a) fidelity monitoring scores; (b) participants' perceived benefit ratings for gaining confidence, reducing distress, adjusting habits and routines, setting goals, and increasing exercise; and (c) field notes, email communications, and transcripts of coach supervision and debriefing sessions. The behavioral and attention control conditions were delivered with a high degree of fidelity (global quality rating score for the BA/PS condition was M = 4.6 (SD = 0.6) and M = 4.9 (SD = 0.3) for the attention control condition, where "5" is the highest rating). The behavioral intervention participants perceived greater benefits than the control participants pertaining to goal setting, t(248) = 5.73, p = <0.0001, adjusting habits and routines, t(248) = 2.94, p = 0.0036, and increasing exercise, t(248) = 4.66, p = <0.0001. Moreover, coaches' perceptions regarding the behavioral intervention's therapeutic aspects aligned with the study's a priori conceptual model including the use of a structured process to set small, observable goals and facilitate the independent use of problem-solving skills. However, coaches also noted that aspects of the attention control condition, including the perceived relevance of the educational content and opportunities for social support, may have made it more therapeutically potent than intended. The pandemic may have affected the activity goals behavioral intervention participants could set as well as augmented the relevancy of social support provided in both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney J. Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Stephen Wechsler
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA 02129, USA (K.D.L.)
| | - Deborah B. Ejem
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Sarah Khalidi
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | | | - Jamme L. Morency
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
| | - Karen E. Thorp
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
| | - Megan E. Codini
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA 02129, USA (K.D.L.)
| | - Robin M. Newman
- Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jennifer Echols
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Danielle Z. Cloyd
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Sarah dos Anjos
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Colleen Muse
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA 02129, USA (K.D.L.)
| | - Sarah Gallups
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Susan C. Goedeken
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kaitlin Flannery
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA 02129, USA (K.D.L.)
| | - Marie A. Bakitas
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Mark T. Hegel
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Kathleen Doyle Lyons
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA 02129, USA (K.D.L.)
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5
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Miguez FGG, Oliveira G, Enriquez-Martinez OG, Fonseca MDJMD, Griep RH, Barreto SM, Molina MDCB. [Factors associated with adherence to COVID-19 preventive behaviors in ELSA-Brasil participants]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2023; 39:e00188322. [PMID: 37820234 PMCID: PMC10566559 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xpt188322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study is to assess the adherence to recommended prevention measures during the COVID-19 pandemic and to investigate the factors associated with this adherence in the adult population. This study has a cross-sectional design and used data from the complementary study Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) - COVID, conducted from 2020 to 2021. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and multinomial logistic regression. The sample consisted of 5,440 participants. The preventive measure with the highest adherence was the use of a face mask (95.5%). There was greater adherence by females and lower chance of adherence by white people, by those who consume alcoholic beverages, people who were retired, as well as for those who live alone or who have family members who did not follow the recommendations to stay at home. Greater adherence to preventive behaviors was observed in only one third of the participating population, which demonstrates that there was a need for greater awareness of the risks in specific populations. The findings contribute to improving our understanding about health promotion and COVID-19 prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sandhi Maria Barreto
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
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6
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Delussu F, Tizzoni M, Gauvin L. The limits of human mobility traces to predict the spread of COVID-19: A transfer entropy approach. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad302. [PMID: 37811338 PMCID: PMC10558401 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Mobile phone data have been widely used to model the spread of COVID-19; however, quantifying and comparing their predictive value across different settings is challenging. Their quality is affected by various factors and their relationship with epidemiological indicators varies over time. Here, we adopt a model-free approach based on transfer entropy to quantify the relationship between mobile phone-derived mobility metrics and COVID-19 cases and deaths in more than 200 European subnational regions. Using multiple data sources over a one-year period, we found that past knowledge of mobility does not systematically provide statistically significant information on COVID-19 spread. Our approach allows us to determine the best metric for predicting disease incidence in a particular location, at different spatial scales. Additionally, we identify geographic and demographic factors, such as users' coverage and commuting patterns, that explain the (non)observed relationship between mobility and epidemic patterns. Our work provides epidemiologists and public health officials with a general-not limited to COVID-19-framework to evaluate the usefulness of human mobility data in responding to epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Delussu
- ISI Foundation, via Chisola 5, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, DTU, Richard Petersens Plads, DK-2800 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michele Tizzoni
- ISI Foundation, via Chisola 5, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Department of Sociology and Social Research, University of Trento, via Verdi 26, I-38122 Trento, Italy
| | - Laetitia Gauvin
- ISI Foundation, via Chisola 5, 10126 Torino, Italy
- UMR 215 PRODIG, Institute for Research on Sustainable Development - IRD, 5 cours des Humanités, F-93 322 Aubervilliers Cedex, France
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7
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Yap W, Biljecki F. A Global Feature-Rich Network Dataset of Cities and Dashboard for Comprehensive Urban Analyses. Sci Data 2023; 10:667. [PMID: 37777566 PMCID: PMC10542794 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Urban network analytics has become an essential tool for understanding and modeling the intricate complexity of cities. We introduce the Urbanity data repository to nurture this growing research field, offering a comprehensive, open spatial network resource spanning 50 major cities in 29 countries worldwide. Our workflow enhances OpenStreetMap networks with 40 + high-resolution indicators from open global sources such as street view imagery, building morphology, urban population, and points of interest, catering to a diverse range of applications across multiple fields. We extract streetscape semantic features from more than four million street view images using computer vision. The dataset's strength lies in its thorough processing and validation at every stage, ensuring data quality and consistency through automated and manual checks. Accompanying the dataset is an interactive, web-based dashboard we developed which facilitates data access to even non-technical stakeholders. Urbanity aids various GeoAI and city comparative analyses, underscoring the growing importance of urban network analytics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston Yap
- Department of Architecture, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Filip Biljecki
- Department of Architecture, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Real Estate, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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8
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Ling L, Ukkusuri SV. Investigating the effects of vaccine on COVID-19 disease propagation using a Bayesian approach. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13374. [PMID: 37591905 PMCID: PMC10435512 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37972-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The causal impact of COVID-19 vaccine coverage on effective reproduction number R(t) under the disease control measures in the real-world scenario is understudied, making the optimal reopening strategy (e.g., when and which control measures are supposed to be conducted) during the recovery phase difficult to design. In this study, we examine the demographic heterogeneity and time variation of the vaccine effect on disease propagation based on the Bayesian structural time series analysis. Furthermore, we explore the role of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and the entrance of the Delta variant of COVID-19 in the vaccine effect for U.S. counties. The analysis highlights several important findings: First, vaccine effects vary among the age-specific population and population densities. The vaccine effect for areas with high population density or core airport hubs is 2 times higher than for areas with low population density. Besides, areas with more older people need a high vaccine coverage to help them against the more contagious variants (e.g., the Delta variant). Second, the business restriction policy and mask requirement are more effective in preventing COVID-19 infections than other NPI measures (e.g., bar closure, gather ban, and restaurant restrictions) for areas with high population density and core airport hubs. Furthermore, the mask requirement consistently amplifies the vaccine effects against disease propagation after the presence of contagious variants. Third, areas with a high percentage of older people are suggested to postpone relaxing the restaurant restriction or gather ban since they amplify the vaccine effect against disease infections. Such empirical insights assist recovery phases of the pandemic in designing more efficient reopening strategies, vaccine prioritization, and allocation policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ling
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette city, 47906, USA
| | - Satish V Ukkusuri
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette city, 47906, USA.
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9
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Pappalardo L, Manley E, Sekara V, Alessandretti L. Future directions in human mobility science. NATURE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 3:588-600. [PMID: 38177737 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-023-00469-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
We provide a brief review of human mobility science and present three key areas where we expect to see substantial advancements. We start from the mind and discuss the need to better understand how spatial cognition shapes mobility patterns. We then move to societies and argue the importance of better understanding new forms of transportation. We conclude by discussing how algorithms shape mobility behavior and provide useful tools for modelers. Finally, we discuss how progress on these research directions may help us address some of the challenges our society faces today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pappalardo
- Institute of Information Science and Technologies, National Research Council (ISTI-CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Ed Manley
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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10
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Seifert R, Pellicer-Chenoll M, Antón-González L, Pans M, Devís-Devís J, González LM. Who changed and who maintained their urban bike-sharing mobility after the COVID-19 outbreak? A within-subjects study. CITIES (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 137:104343. [PMID: 37125007 PMCID: PMC10123356 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2023.104343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has remarkably impacted urban mobility. All non-essential movements were restricted in Valencia (Spain) to contain the virus. Thus, the transport usage patterns of Valencia's bike-sharing system (BSS) users changed during this emergency situation. The primary objective of this study was to analyse the behaviour patterns of BSS users in Valencia before and after the COVID-19 outbreak, specifically those who maintained or changed their transport routines. A within-subjects comparison design was developed using a group of BSS users before and after the onset of the pandemic. Data mining techniques were used on a sample of 4355 regular users and 25 variables were calculated to classify users by self-organising maps analysis. The results show a significant reduction (40 %) in BSS movements after the outbreak during the entire post-outbreak year. There was some recovery during the rest of 2020; however, this has yet to reach the pre-pandemic levels, with variations observed based on the activities performed in different areas of the city. Of the users, 63 % changed their BSS use patterns after the onset of the pandemic (LEAVE group), while 37 % maintained their patterns (REMAIN group). The user profile of the REMAIN group was characterised by a general reduction of approximately 35 % of journeys during 2020, with a slight increase in morning movements compared to those made in the evening. These users also presented an equivalent number of cycling days to those of the previous year, reduced the number of connections and increased the network's density and the travelling speed. These results can be useful in estimating the percentage of people who do not vary their usual behaviour during emergencies. Finally, several policy implications are outlined based on the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudi Seifert
- Departament d'Educació Física i Esportiva, Universitat de València, C/ Gascó Oliag, 3, 46010 València, Spain
| | - Maite Pellicer-Chenoll
- Departament d'Educació Física i Esportiva, Universitat de València, C/ Gascó Oliag, 3, 46010 València, Spain
| | - Laura Antón-González
- Departament d'Educació Física i Esportiva, Universitat de València, C/ Gascó Oliag, 3, 46010 València, Spain
| | - Miquel Pans
- Departament d'Educació Física i Esportiva, Universitat de València, C/ Gascó Oliag, 3, 46010 València, Spain
| | - José Devís-Devís
- Departament d'Educació Física i Esportiva, Universitat de València, C/ Gascó Oliag, 3, 46010 València, Spain
| | - Luis-Millán González
- Departament d'Educació Física i Esportiva, Universitat de València, C/ Gascó Oliag, 3, 46010 València, Spain
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11
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Luca M, Campedelli GM, Centellegher S, Tizzoni M, Lepri B. Crime, inequality and public health: a survey of emerging trends in urban data science. Front Big Data 2023; 6:1124526. [PMID: 37303974 PMCID: PMC10248183 DOI: 10.3389/fdata.2023.1124526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Urban agglomerations are constantly and rapidly evolving ecosystems, with globalization and increasing urbanization posing new challenges in sustainable urban development well summarized in the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The advent of the digital age generated by modern alternative data sources provides new tools to tackle these challenges with spatio-temporal scales that were previously unavailable with census statistics. In this review, we present how new digital data sources are employed to provide data-driven insights to study and track (i) urban crime and public safety; (ii) socioeconomic inequalities and segregation; and (iii) public health, with a particular focus on the city scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Luca
- Mobile and Social Computing Lab, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy
- Faculty of Computer Science, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | | | | | - Michele Tizzoni
- Department of Sociology and Social Research, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Bruno Lepri
- Mobile and Social Computing Lab, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy
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12
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Guardabascio B, Brogi F, Benassi F. Measuring human mobility in times of trouble: an investigation of the mobility of European populations during COVID-19 using big data. QUALITY & QUANTITY 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37359960 PMCID: PMC10182752 DOI: 10.1007/s11135-023-01678-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Spatial mobility is a distinctive feature of human history and has important repercussions in many aspects of societies. Spatial mobility has always been a subject of interest in many disciplines, even if only mobility observable from traditional sources, namely migration (internal and international) and more recently commuting, is generally studied. However, it is the other forms of mobility, that is, the temporary forms of mobility, that most interest today's societies and, thanks to new data sources, can now be observed and measured. This contribution provides an empirical and data-driven reflection on human mobility during the COVID pandemic crisis. The paper has two main aims: (a) to develop a new index for measuring the attrition in mobility due to the restrictions adopted by governments in order to contain the spread of COVID-19. The robustness of the proposed index is checked by comparing it with the Oxford Stringency Index. The second goal is (b) to test if and how digital footprints (Google data in our case) can be used to measure human mobility. The study considers Italy and all the other European countries. The results show, on the one hand, that the Mobility Restriction Index (MRI) works quite well and, on the other, the sensitivity, in the short term, of human mobility to exogenous shocks and intervention policies; however, the results also show an inner tendency, in the middle term, to return to previous behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federico Brogi
- Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), Rome, Italy
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13
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Wu X, Lu Y, Jiang B. Built environment factors moderate pandemic fatigue in social distance during the COVID-19 pandemic: A nationwide longitudinal study in the United States. LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING 2023; 233:104690. [PMID: 36687504 PMCID: PMC9842632 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2023.104690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) remain some of the most effective measures for coping with the ever-changing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Pandemic fatigue, which manifests as the declined willingness to follow the recommended protective behaviors (e.g., keeping social distance policies, wearing masks), has commanded increasing attention from researchers and policymakers after the prolonged NPIs and COVID-19 worldwide. However, long-term changes in pandemic fatigue are not well understood, especially amidst the ever-changing pandemic landscape. Built environment factors have been shown to positively affect mental and physical health, but it is still unclear whether built environments can moderate pandemic fatigue. In this study, we used Google mobility data to investigate longitudinal trends of pandemic fatigue in social distance since the onset of NPIs enforcement in the United States. The results indicated that pandemic fatigue continuously worsened over nearly two years of NPIs implementation, and a sharp increase occurred after the vaccination program began. Additionally, we detected a significant moderation effect of greenspace and urbanicity levels on pandemic fatigue. People living in areas with high levels of greenness or urbanicity experienced lower levels of pandemic fatigue. These findings not only shed new light on the effects of greenness and urbanicity on COVID-19 pandemic fatigue, but also provide evidence for developing more tailored and effective strategies to cope with pandemic fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Wu
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Urban Environments and Human Health Lab, HKUrbanLabs, Faculty of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Division of Landscape Architecture, Department of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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14
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Yabe T, Bueno BGB, Dong X, Pentland A, Moro E. Behavioral changes during the COVID-19 pandemic decreased income diversity of urban encounters. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2310. [PMID: 37085499 PMCID: PMC10120472 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37913-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Diversity of physical encounters in urban environments is known to spur economic productivity while also fostering social capital. However, mobility restrictions during the pandemic have forced people to reduce urban encounters, raising questions about the social implications of behavioral changes. In this paper, we study how individual income diversity of urban encounters changed during the pandemic, using a large-scale, privacy-enhanced mobility dataset of more than one million anonymized mobile phone users in Boston, Dallas, Los Angeles, and Seattle, across three years spanning before and during the pandemic. We find that the diversity of urban encounters has substantially decreased (by 15% to 30%) during the pandemic and has persisted through late 2021, even though aggregated mobility metrics have recovered to pre-pandemic levels. Counterfactual analyses show that behavioral changes including lower willingness to explore new places further decreased the diversity of encounters in the long term. Our findings provide implications for managing the trade-off between the stringency of COVID-19 policies and the diversity of urban encounters as we move beyond the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yabe
- Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | | | - Xiaowen Dong
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6ED, UK
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Alex Pentland
- Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Esteban Moro
- Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos (GISC), Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911, Leganés, Madrid, Spain.
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15
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A dataset to assess mobility changes in Chile following local quarantines. Sci Data 2023; 10:6. [PMID: 36596790 PMCID: PMC9809531 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01893-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fighting the COVID-19 pandemic, most countries have implemented non-pharmaceutical interventions like wearing masks, physical distancing, lockdown, and travel restrictions. Because of their economic and logistical effects, tracking mobility changes during quarantines is crucial in assessing their efficacy and predicting the virus spread. Unlike many other heavily affected countries, Chile implemented quarantines at a more localized level, shutting down small administrative zones, rather than the whole country or large regions. Given the non-obvious effects of these localized quarantines, tracking mobility becomes even more critical in Chile. To assess the impact on human mobility of the localized quarantines, we analyze a mobile phone dataset made available by Telefónica Chile, which comprises 31 billion eXtended Detail Records and 5.4 million users covering the period February 26th to September 20th, 2020. From these records, we derive three epidemiologically relevant metrics describing the mobility within and between comunas. The datasets made available may be useful to understand the effect of localized quarantines in containing the COVID-19 pandemic.
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16
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Mauro G, Luca M, Longa A, Lepri B, Pappalardo L. Generating mobility networks with generative adversarial networks. EPJ DATA SCIENCE 2022; 11:58. [PMID: 36530793 PMCID: PMC9734834 DOI: 10.1140/epjds/s13688-022-00372-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The increasingly crucial role of human displacements in complex societal phenomena, such as traffic congestion, segregation, and the diffusion of epidemics, is attracting the interest of scientists from several disciplines. In this article, we address mobility network generation, i.e., generating a city's entire mobility network, a weighted directed graph in which nodes are geographic locations and weighted edges represent people's movements between those locations, thus describing the entire mobility set flows within a city. Our solution is MoGAN, a model based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to generate realistic mobility networks. We conduct extensive experiments on public datasets of bike and taxi rides to show that MoGAN outperforms the classical Gravity and Radiation models regarding the realism of the generated networks. Our model can be used for data augmentation and performing simulations and what-if analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Mauro
- Institute of Information Science and Technologies, National Research Council (ISTI-CNR), Pisa, Italy
- IMT School for Advanced Studies, Lucca, Italy
- University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Luca
- Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
- Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
| | - Antonio Longa
- University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Luca Pappalardo
- Institute of Information Science and Technologies, National Research Council (ISTI-CNR), Pisa, Italy
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17
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Sung H. Non-pharmaceutical interventions and urban vehicle mobility in Seoul during the COVID-19 pandemic. CITIES (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 131:103911. [PMID: 35966967 PMCID: PMC9359518 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2022.103911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Non-pharmaceutical interventions to control human mobility are important in preventing COVID-19 transmission. These interventions must also help effectively control the urban mobility of vehicles, which can be a safer travel mode during the pandemic, at any time and place. However, few studies have identified the effectiveness of vehicle mobility in terms of time and place. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions at both local and national levels on intra- and inter-urban vehicle mobility by time of day in Seoul, South Korea, by applying the autoregressive integrated moving average with exogenous variables. The study found that social distancing measures at the national level were effective for intra-urban vehicle mobility, especially at night-time, but not for inter-urban mobility. Information provision with emergency text messages by cell phone was effective in reducing vehicle mobility in daytime and night-time, but not during morning peak hours. At the local level, both restrictions on late-night transit operations and stricter social distancing measures were mostly significant in reducing night-time mobility only in intra-urban areas. The study also indicates when (what time of the day), where (which area within the city), and which combination strategy could be more effective in containing urban vehicle mobility. This study recommends that restrictions on human mobility should also be extended to vehicle mobility, especially in inter-urban areas and during morning peak hours, by systematically designing diverse non-pharmaceutical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungun Sung
- School of Urban Studies, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, South Korea
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18
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Cheng T, Chen T, Liu Y, Aldridge RW, Nguyen V, Hayward AC, Michie S. Human mobility variations in response to restriction policies during the COVID-19 pandemic: An analysis from the Virus Watch community cohort in England, UK. Front Public Health 2022; 10:999521. [PMID: 36330119 PMCID: PMC9623896 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.999521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Since the outbreak of COVID-19, public health and social measures to contain its transmission (e.g., social distancing and lockdowns) have dramatically changed people's lives in rural and urban areas globally. To facilitate future management of the pandemic, it is important to understand how different socio-demographic groups adhere to such demands. This study aims to evaluate the influences of restriction policies on human mobility variations associated with socio-demographic groups in England, UK. Methods Using mobile phone global positioning system (GPS) trajectory data, we measured variations in human mobility across socio-demographic groups during different restriction periods from Oct 14, 2020 to Sep 15, 2021. The six restriction periods which varied in degree of mobility restriction policies, denoted as "Three-tier Restriction," "Second National Lockdown," "Four-tier Restriction," "Third National Lockdown," "Steps out of Lockdown," and "Post-restriction," respectively. Individual human mobility was measured with respect to the time period people stayed at home, visited places outside the home, and traveled long distances. We compared these indicators across the six restriction periods and across socio-demographic groups. Results All human mobility indicators significantly differed across the six restriction periods, and the influences of restriction policies on individual mobility behaviors are correlated with socio-demographic groups. In particular, influences relating to mobility behaviors are stronger in younger and low-income groups in the second and third national lockdowns. Conclusions This study enhances our understanding of the influences of COVID-19 pandemic restriction policies on human mobility behaviors within different social groups in England. The findings can be usefully extended to support policy-making by investigating human mobility and differences in policy effects across not only age and income groups, but also across geographical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Cheng
- SpaceTimeLab for Big Data Analytics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tongxin Chen
- SpaceTimeLab for Big Data Analytics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yunzhe Liu
- SpaceTimeLab for Big Data Analytics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert W. Aldridge
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Nguyen
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew C. Hayward
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Michie
- Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Sutin AR, Stephan Y, Luchetti M, Aschwanden D, Lee JH, Sesker AA, Terracciano A. Differential personality change earlier and later in the coronavirus pandemic in a longitudinal sample of adults in the United States. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274542. [PMID: 36170324 PMCID: PMC9518853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Five-factor model personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness) are thought to be relatively impervious to environmental demands in adulthood. The coronavirus pandemic is an unprecedented opportunity to examine whether personality changed during a stressful global event. Surprisingly, two previous studies found that neuroticism decreased early in the pandemic, whereas there was less evidence for change in the other four traits during this period. The present research used longitudinal assessments of personality from the Understanding America Study (N = 7,109; 18,623 assessments) to examine personality changes relatively earlier (2020) and later (2021–2022) in the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic levels. Replicating the two previous studies, neuroticism declined very slightly in 2020 compared to pre-pandemic levels; there were no changes in the other four traits. When personality was measured in 2021–2022, however, there was no significant change in neuroticism compared to pre-pandemic levels, but there were significant small declines in extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. The changes were about one-tenth of a standard deviation, which is equivalent to about one decade of normative personality change. These changes were moderated by age and Hispanic/Latino ethnicity, but not race or education. Strikingly, younger adults showed disrupted maturity in that they increased in neuroticism and declined in agreeableness and conscientiousness. Current evidence suggests the slight decrease in neuroticism early in the pandemic was short-lived and detrimental changes in the other traits emerged over time. If these changes are enduring, this evidence suggests population-wide stressful events can slightly bend the trajectory of personality, especially in younger adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina R. Sutin
- Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Martina Luchetti
- Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States of America
| | - Damaris Aschwanden
- Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States of America
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Amanda A. Sesker
- Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States of America
| | - Antonio Terracciano
- Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States of America
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20
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Searles M, Wong R. Food Insecurity and COVID-19 Diagnosis: Findings from a National United States Sample. JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2022.2128961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madison Searles
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Norton College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Roger Wong
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Norton College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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21
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Autistic children and adolescents with frequent restricted interest and repetitive behavior showed more difficulty in social cognition during mask-wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multisite survey. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:608. [PMID: 36104779 PMCID: PMC9471034 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The public health measures enacted in order to control the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic have caused considerable changes to daily life. For autistic children and adolescents, adapting to the "new normal," including mask-wearing, may be difficult because of their restricted interest and repetitive behavior (RRB) characteristics. We aimed to examine the relationships between RRB characteristics and the impact of mask-wearing on their social communications during the pandemic. METHODS We recruited participants with a clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder based on DSM-5 diagnostic criteria from two outpatient clinics in Tokyo, Japan, between November 2020 and April 2021 using a convenience sampling methodology. As a result, the participants consisted of 102 children and adolescents (mean (SD) age = 11.6 (5.3)). We collected data on RRB characteristics frequency before and during the pandemic using the CoRonavIruS Health Impact Survey (CRISIS) - Adapted for Autism and Related Neurodevelopmental conditions (AFAR). We then conducted factor analyses to compute the RRB severity composite scores, which are divided into lower- (e.g., sensory seeking), and higher-order (e.g., restricted interest). We also investigated mask-wearing culture using a bespoke questionnaire, and using Spearman's rank correlation analyses, we examined the relationships between before pandemic RRB characteristics, and the impact of mask-wearing on social communications during the pandemic. RESULTS We found that children and adolescents who exhibited lower-order RRB before the pandemic had difficulties in going-out with mask-wearing (rho = -0.25, q = .031), more challenges with mask-wearing (rho = - 0.34, q = .0018), and difficulty in referring to others' emotions while wearing masks (rho = - 0.36, q = .0016). We also found an association between higher-order RRB before the pandemic and an uncomfortable sensation (rho = - 0.42, q = .0002) and difficulties in referring to other's emotions while wearing masks (rho = - 0.25, q = .031). CONCLUSIONS We revealed that various behaviors, such as sensory seeking, repetitive motor mannerisms and movements, and rituals and routines, undertaken before the pandemic could be important predictors of difficulties with mask-wearing and social communication for autistic children and adolescents during the pandemic. Caregivers and teachers wearing masks may need to provide extra support for social communication to autistic children and adolescents showing RRB characteristics frequently.
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22
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Tabler J, Snyder JA, White C, Freng A, Thunström L. COVID-19 health practices and attitudes in the United States: the role of trust in healthcare. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GESUNDHEITSWISSENSCHAFTEN = JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 31:1-14. [PMID: 35968051 PMCID: PMC9361898 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-022-01737-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aim Individual-level COVID-19 vaccination and related preventive health behaviors is politically polarized in the United States. We examined whether the current polarization in COVID-19 health behavior may be explained by differences in trust in healthcare, locus of control, or insurance status. Subject and methods Our sample includes 553 US adults recruited on Amazon MTurk. We assessed odds ratios of currently vaccinated, or willing to be vaccinated if unvaccinated using logistic regression. We assessed count of routine changes and positive attitudes toward facemasks using negative binomial regression. Results Trust in healthcare was found to be an important determinant of all COVID-19 related health behavior measured in our study. Further, the effects on COVID-related attitudes/behavior from trust in healthcare are large in magnitude. For instance, our results suggest that individuals at or above the upper quartile of trust in healthcare are around 20 percentage points more likely to be vaccinated than those at or below the lower quartile. Further, we find that the effect of trust in healthcare on adherence or endorsement of COVID-19 mitigation strategies is distinct from political affiliation, i.e., the effect on COVID-19 related health behavior is independent of the polarization across political party lines. Locus of control was not associated with adherence/attitude toward COVID-19 mitigation strategies. Insurance status was only found to be positively associated with odds of being vaccinated. Conclusion Our study highlights the importance of increasing trust in healthcare as a means to protect public health in the wake of major public health crises. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10389-022-01737-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Tabler
- Department of Criminal Justice and Sociology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E University Ave, Laramie, WY USA
| | - Jamie A. Snyder
- Department of Criminal Justice and Sociology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E University Ave, Laramie, WY USA
| | - Clair White
- Department of Criminal Justice and Sociology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E University Ave, Laramie, WY USA
| | - Adrienne Freng
- Department of Criminal Justice and Sociology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E University Ave, Laramie, WY USA
| | - Linda Thunström
- Department of Economics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY USA
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23
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Zhong L, Zhou Y, Gao S, Yu Z, Ma Z, Li X, Yue Y, Xia J. COVID-19 lockdown introduces human mobility pattern changes for both Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao greater bay area and the San Francisco bay area. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION : ITC JOURNAL 2022; 112:102848. [PMID: 35757462 PMCID: PMC9212878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jag.2022.102848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, various countries have sought to control COVID-19 transmission by introducing non-pharmaceutical interventions. Restricting population mobility, by introducing social distancing, is one of the most widely used non-pharmaceutical interventions. Although similar population mobility restriction interventions were introduced, their impacts on COVID-19 transmission are often inconsistent across different regions and different time periods. These differences may provide critical information for tailoring COVID-19 control strategies. In this paper, anonymized high spatiotemporal resolution mobile-phone location data were employed to empirically analyze and quantify the impact of lockdowns on population mobility. Both the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) in China and the San Francisco Bay Area (SBA) in the United States were studied. In response to the lockdowns, a general reduction in population mobility was observed, but the structural changes in mobility are very different between the two bays: 1) GBA mobility decreased by approximately 74.0-80.1% while the decrease of SBA was about 25.0-42.1%; 2) compared to SBA, the GBA had smoother volatility in daily volume during the lockdown. The volatility change indexes for GBA and SBA were 2.55% and 7.52%, respectively; 3) the effect of lockdown on short- to long-distance mobility was similar in GBA while the medium- and long-distance impact was more pronounced in SBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiyang Zhong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Service, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Public Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Song Gao
- Geospatial Data Science Lab, Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Zhaoyang Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Service, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhifeng Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Service, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Service, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yang Yue
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Service, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jizhe Xia
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Service, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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24
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Abstract
In this study, call detail records (CDR), covering Budapest, Hungary, are processed to analyze the circadian rhythm of the subscribers. An indicator, called wake-up time, is introduced to describe the behavior of a group of subscribers. It is defined as the time when the mobile phone activity of a group rises in the morning. Its counterpart is the time when the activity falls in the evening. Inhabitant and area-based aggregation are also presented. The former is to consider the people who live in an area, while the latter uses the transit activity in an area to describe the behavior of a part of the city. The opening hours of the malls and the nightlife of the party district are used to demonstrate this application as real-life examples. The proposed approach is also used to estimate the working hours of the workplaces. The findings are in a good agreement with the practice in Hungary, and also support the workplace detection method. A negative correlation is found between the wake-up time and mobility indicators (entropy, radius of gyration): on workdays, people wake up earlier and travel more, while on holidays, it is quite the contrary. The wake-up time is evaluated in different socioeconomic classes, using housing prices and mobile phones prices, as well. It is found that lower socioeconomic groups tend to wake up earlier.
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25
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The impact of control and mitigation strategies during the second wave of coronavirus infections in Spain and Italy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1073. [PMID: 35058522 PMCID: PMC8776768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05041-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
European countries struggled to fight against the second and the third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, as the Test-Trace-Isolate (TTI) strategy widely adopted over the summer and early fall 2020 failed to contain the spread of the disease effectively. This paper sheds light on the effectiveness of such a strategy in two European countries (Spain and Italy) by analysing data from June to December 2020, collected via a large-scale online citizen survey with 95,251 and 43,393 answers in Spain and Italy, respectively. Our analysis describes several weaknesses in each of the three pillars of the TTI strategy: Test, Trace, and Isolate. We find that 40% of respondents had to wait more than 48 hours to obtain coronavirus tests results, while literature has shown that a delay of more than one day might make tracing all cases inefficient. We also identify limitations in the manual contact tracing capabilities in both countries, as only 29% of respondents in close contact with a confirmed infected individual reported having been contact traced. Moreover, our analysis shows that more than 45% of respondents report being unable to self-isolate if needed. We also analyse the mitigation strategies deployed to contain the second wave of coronavirus. We find that these interventions were particularly effective in Italy, where close contacts were reduced by more than 20% in the general population. Finally, we analyse the participants’ perceptions about the coronavirus risk associated with different daily activities. We observe that they are often gender- and age-dependent, and not aligned with the actual risk identified by the literature. This finding emphasises the importance of deploying public-health communication campaigns to debunk misconceptions about SARS-CoV-2. Overall, our work illustrates the value of online citizen surveys to quickly and efficiently collect large-scale population data to support and evaluate policy decisions to combat the spread of infectious diseases, such as coronavirus.
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26
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Luca M, Lepri B, Frias-Martinez E, Lutu A. Modeling international mobility using roaming cell phone traces during COVID-19 pandemic. EPJ DATA SCIENCE 2022; 11:22. [PMID: 35402140 PMCID: PMC8978511 DOI: 10.1140/epjds/s13688-022-00335-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Most of the studies related to human mobility are focused on intra-country mobility. However, there are many scenarios (e.g., spreading diseases, migration) in which timely data on international commuters are vital. Mobile phones represent a unique opportunity to monitor international mobility flows in a timely manner and with proper spatial aggregation. This work proposes using roaming data generated by mobile phones to model incoming and outgoing international mobility. We use the gravity and radiation models to capture mobility flows before and during the introduction of non-pharmaceutical interventions. However, traditional models have some limitations: for instance, mobility restrictions are not explicitly captured and may play a crucial role. To overtake such limitations, we propose the COVID Gravity Model (CGM), namely an extension of the traditional gravity model that is tailored for the pandemic scenario. This proposed approach overtakes, in terms of accuracy, the traditional models by 126.9% for incoming mobility and by 63.9% when modeling outgoing mobility flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Luca
- Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy
- Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
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