1
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Kong Y, Yang H, Jia X, Wan D, Zhang Y, Hu Q, He C. Constructing Favorable Microenvironment on Copper Grain Boundaries for CO 2 Electro-conversion to Multicarbon Products. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 39011983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR) to multicarbon chemicals provides a promising avenue for storing renewable energy. Herein, we synthesized small Cu nanoparticles featuring enriched tiny grain boundaries (RGBs-Cu) through spatial confinement and in situ electroreduction. In-situ spectroscopy and theoretical calculations demonstrate that small-sized Cu grain boundaries significantly enhance the adsorption of the *CO intermediate, owing to the presence of abundant low-coordinated and disordered atoms. Furthermore, these grain boundaries, generated in situ under high current conditions, exhibit excellent stability during the eCO2RR process, thereby creating a stable *CO-rich microenvironment. This high local *CO concentration around the catalyst surface can reduce the energy barrier for C-C coupling and significantly increase the Faradaic efficiency (FE) for multicarbon products across both neutral and alkaline electrolytes. Specifically, the developed RGBs-Cu electrocatalyst achieved a peak FE of 77.3% for multicarbon products and maintained more than 134 h stability at a constant current density of -500 mA cm-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Kong
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengpan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmei Jia
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Wan
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Hu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanxin He
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
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2
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Wang H, Kang X, Han B. Electrocatalysis in deep eutectic solvents: from fundamental properties to applications. Chem Sci 2024; 15:9949-9976. [PMID: 38966383 PMCID: PMC11220594 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02318h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrocatalysis stands out as a promising avenue for synthesizing high-value products with minimal environmental footprint, aligning with the imperative for sustainable energy solutions. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), renowned for their eco-friendly, safe, and cost-effective nature, present myriad advantages, including extensive opportunities for material innovation and utilization as reaction media in electrocatalysis. This review initiates with an exposition on the distinctive features of DESs, progressing to explore their applications as solvents in electrocatalyst synthesis and electrocatalysis. Additionally, it offers an insightful analysis of the challenges and prospects inherent in electrocatalysis within DESs. By delving into these aspects comprehensively, this review aims to furnish a nuanced understanding of DESs, thus broadening their horizons in the realm of electrocatalysis and facilitating their expanded application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Centre for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xinchen Kang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Centre for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Buxing Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Centre for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
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3
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Wu H, Yu H, Chow YL, Webley PA, Zhang J. Toward Durable CO 2 Electroreduction with Cu-Based Catalysts via Understanding Their Deactivation Modes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2403217. [PMID: 38845132 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The technology of CO2 electrochemical reduction (CO2ER) provides a means to convert CO2, a waste greenhouse gas, into value-added chemicals. Copper is the most studied element that is capable of catalyzing CO2ER to obtain multicarbon products, such as ethylene, ethanol, acetate, etc., at an appreciable rate. Under the operating condition of CO2ER, the catalytic performance of Cu decays because of several factors that alters the surface properties of Cu. In this review, these factors that cause the degradation of Cu-based CO2ER catalysts are categorized into generalized deactivation modes, that are applicable to all electrocatalytic systems. The fundamental principles of each deactivation mode and the associated effects of each on Cu-based catalysts are discussed in detail. Structure- and composition-activity relationship developed from recent in situ/operando characterization studies are presented as evidence of related deactivation modes in operation. With the aim to address these deactivation modes, catalyst design and reaction environment engineering rationales are suggested. Finally, perspectives and remarks built upon the recent advances in CO2ER are provided in attempts to improve the durability of CO2ER catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiwen Wu
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Haoming Yu
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yuen-Leong Chow
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Paul A Webley
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Carbon Utilisation and Recycling, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Carbon Utilisation and Recycling, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Green Electrochemical Transformation of Carbon Dioxide, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
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4
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Wang D, Jung HD, Liu S, Chen J, Yang H, He Q, Xi S, Back S, Wang L. Revealing the structural evolution of CuAg composites during electrochemical carbon monoxide reduction. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4692. [PMID: 38824127 PMCID: PMC11144262 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Comprehending the catalyst structural evolution during the electrocatalytic process is crucial for establishing robust structure/performance correlations for future catalysts design. Herein, we interrogate the structural evolution of a promising Cu-Ag oxide catalyst precursor during electrochemical carbon monoxide reduction. By using extensive in situ and ex situ characterization techniques, we reveal that the homogenous oxide precursors undergo a transformation to a bimetallic composite consisting of small Ag nanoparticles enveloped by thin layers of amorphous Cu. We believe that the amorphous Cu layer with undercoordinated nature is responsible for the enhanced catalytic performance of the current catalyst composite. By tuning the Cu/Ag ratio in the oxide precursor, we find that increasing the Ag concentration greatly promotes liquid products formation while suppressing the byproduct hydrogen. CO2/CO co-feeding electrolysis and isotopic labelling experiments suggest that high CO concentrations in the feed favor the formation of multi-carbon products. Overall, we anticipate the insights obtained for Cu-Ag bimetallic systems for CO electroreduction in this study may guide future catalyst design with improved performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hyun Dong Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute of Emergent Materials, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shikai Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haozhou Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qian He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Shibo Xi
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Seoin Back
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute of Emergent Materials, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Centre for Hydrogen Innovations, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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5
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Fang W, Lu R, Li FM, He C, Wu D, Yue K, Mao Y, Guo W, You B, Song F, Yao T, Wang Z, Xia BY. Low-coordination Nanocrystalline Copper-based Catalysts through Theory-guided Electrochemical Restructuring for Selective CO 2 Reduction to Ethylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319936. [PMID: 38372428 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Revealing the dynamic reconstruction process and tailoring advanced copper (Cu) catalysts is of paramount significance for promoting the conversion of CO2 into ethylene (C2H4), paving the way for carbon neutralization and facilitating renewable energy storage. In this study, we initially employed density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to elucidate the restructuring behavior of a catalyst under electrochemical conditions and delineated its restructuring patterns. Leveraging insights into this restructuring behavior, we devised an efficient, low-coordination copper-based catalyst. The resulting synthesized catalyst demonstrated an impressive Faradaic efficiency (FE) exceeding 70 % for ethylene generation at a current density of 800 mA cm-2. Furthermore, it showed robust stability, maintaining consistent performance for 230 hours at a cell voltage of 3.5 V in a full-cell system. Our research not only deepens the understanding of the active sites involved in designing efficient carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) catalysts but also advances CO2 electrolysis technologies for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ruihu Lu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Fu-Min Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chaohui He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Dan Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Kaihang Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (SICCAS), Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Yu Mao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bo You
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Fei Song
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Tao Yao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Ziyun Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Bao Yu Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan, 430074, China
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6
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Zheng M, Zhang J, Wang P, Jin H, Zheng Y, Qiao SZ. Recent Advances in Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation Reactions on Copper-Based Catalysts. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307913. [PMID: 37756435 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogenation reactions play a critical role in the synthesis of value-added products within the chemical industry. Electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) using water as the hydrogen source has emerged as an alternative to conventional thermocatalytic processes for sustainable and decentralized chemical synthesis under mild conditions. Among the various ECH catalysts, copper-based (Cu-based) nanomaterials are promising candidates due to their earth-abundance, unique electronic structure, versatility, and high activity/selectivity. Herein, recent advances in the application of Cu-based catalysts in ECH reactions for the upgrading of valuable chemicals are systematically analyzed. The unique properties of Cu-based catalysts in ECH are initially introduced, followed by design strategies to enhance their activity and selectivity. Then, typical ECH reactions on Cu-based catalysts are presented in detail, including carbon dioxide reduction for multicarbon generation, alkyne-to-alkene conversion, selective aldehyde conversion, ammonia production from nitrogen-containing substances, and amine production from organic nitrogen compounds. In these catalysts, the role of catalyst composition and nanostructures toward different products is focused. The co-hydrogenation of two substrates (e.g., CO2 and NOx n, SO3 2-, etc.) via C─N, C─S, and C─C cross-coupling reactions are also highlighted. Finally, the critical issues and future perspectives of Cu-catalyzed ECH are proposed to accelerate the rational development of next-generation catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Junyu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Pengtang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Huanyu Jin
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Yao Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Shi-Zhang Qiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
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7
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Wang X, Lu R, Pan B, Yang C, Zhuansun M, Li J, Xu Y, Hung SF, Zheng G, Li Y, Wang Z, Wang Y. Enhanced Carbon-Carbon Coupling at Interfaces with Abrupt Coordination Number Changes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400150. [PMID: 38472126 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Cu-catalyzed electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) produces multi-carbon (C2+) chemicals with considerable selectivities and activities, yet required high overpotentials impede its practical application. Here, we design interfaces with abrupt coordination number (CN) changes that greatly reduce the applied potential for achieving high C2+ Faradaic efficiency (FE). Encouraged by the mechanistic finding that the coupling between *CO and *CO(H) is the most probable C-C bond formation path, we use Cu2O- and Cu-phthalocyanine-derived Cu (OD-Cu and PD-Cu) to build the interface. Using operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), we find that the Cu CN of OD-Cu is ~11, favoring CO* adsorption, while the PD-Cu has a COH*-favorable CN of ~4. Operando Raman spectroscopy revealed that the interfaces with abrupt CN changes promote *OCCOH formation. As a result, the designed catalyst achieves a C2+ FE of 85±2 % at 220 mA cm-2 in a zero-gap CO2 electrolyzer. An improvement of C2+ FE by 3 times is confirmed at the low potential regime where the current density is 60-140 mA cm-2, compared to bare OD-Cu. We report a 45-h stable CO2RR operation at 220 mA cm-2, producing a C2+ product FE of ~80 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ruihu Lu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Binbin Pan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Mengjiao Zhuansun
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jun Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Sung-Fu Hung
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Gengfeng Zheng
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yanguang Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ziyun Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Yuhang Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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8
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Yao K, Li J, Ozden A, Wang H, Sun N, Liu P, Zhong W, Zhou W, Zhou J, Wang X, Liu H, Liu Y, Chen S, Hu Y, Wang Z, Sinton D, Liang H. In situ copper faceting enables efficient CO 2/CO electrolysis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1749. [PMID: 38409130 PMCID: PMC10897386 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45538-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The copper (Cu)-catalyzed electrochemical CO2 reduction provides a route for the synthesis of multicarbon (C2+) products. However, the thermodynamically favorable Cu surface (i.e. Cu(111)) energetically favors single-carbon production, leading to low energy efficiency and low production rates for C2+ products. Here we introduce in situ copper faceting from electrochemical reduction to enable preferential exposure of Cu(100) facets. During the precatalyst evolution, a phosphate ligand slows the reduction of Cu and assists the generation and co-adsorption of CO and hydroxide ions, steering the surface reconstruction to Cu (100). The resulting Cu catalyst enables current densities of > 500 mA cm-2 and Faradaic efficiencies of >83% towards C2+ products from both CO2 reduction and CO reduction. When run at 500 mA cm-2 for 150 hours, the catalyst maintains a 37% full-cell energy efficiency and a 95% single-pass carbon efficiency throughout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jun Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Adnan Ozden
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Haibin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Pengyu Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jieshu Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Hanqi Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yongchang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- State Key Lab of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China
| | - Songhua Chen
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, China
| | - Yongfeng Hu
- Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Shanghai, 201208, China
| | - Ziyun Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - David Sinton
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada.
| | - Hongyan Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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9
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Long C, Wan K, Chen Y, Li L, Jiang Y, Yang C, Wu Q, Wu G, Xu P, Li J, Shi X, Tang Z, Cui C. Steering the Reconstruction of Oxide-Derived Cu by Secondary Metal for Electrosynthesis of n-Propanol from CO. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4632-4641. [PMID: 38340061 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
As fuel and an important chemical feedstock, n-propanol is highly desired in electrochemical CO2/CO reduction on Cu catalysts. However, the precise regulation of the Cu localized structure is still challenging and poorly understood, thus hindering the selective n-propanol electrosynthesis. Herein, by decorating Au nanoparticles (NPs) on CuO nanosheets (NSs), we present a counterintuitive transformation of CuO into undercoordinated Cu sites locally around Au NPs during CO reduction. In situ spectroscopic techniques reveal the Au-steered formation of abundant undercoordinated Cu sites during the removal of oxygen on CuO. First-principles accuracy molecular dynamic simulation demonstrates that the localized Cu atoms around Au tend to rearrange into disordered layer rather than a Cu (111) close-packed plane observed on bare CuO NSs. These Au-steered undercoordinated Cu sites facilitate CO binding, enabling selective electroreduction of CO into n-propanol with a high Faradaic efficiency of 48% in a flow cell. This work provides new insight into the regulation of the oxide-derived catalysts reconstruction with a secondary metal component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Long
- Molecular Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Kaiwei Wan
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, P. R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Molecular Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Yuheng Jiang
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Caoyu Yang
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qianbao Wu
- Molecular Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Guoling Wu
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Peng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jiong Li
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, P. R. China
| | - Xinghua Shi
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chunhua Cui
- Molecular Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
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10
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Jeong S, Huang C, Levell Z, Skalla RX, Hong W, Escorcia NJ, Losovyj Y, Zhu B, Butrum-Griffith AN, Liu Y, Li CW, Reifsnyder Hickey D, Liu Y, Ye X. Facet-Defined Dilute Metal Alloy Nanorods for Efficient Electroreduction of CO 2 to n-Propanol. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4508-4520. [PMID: 38320122 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Electroreduction of CO2 into liquid fuels is a compelling strategy for storing intermittent renewable energy. Here, we introduce a family of facet-defined dilute copper alloy nanocrystals as catalysts to improve the electrosynthesis of n-propanol from CO2 and H2O. We show that substituting a dilute amount of weak-CO-binding metals into the Cu(100) surface improves CO2-to-n-propanol activity and selectivity by modifying the electronic structure of catalysts to facilitate C1-C2 coupling while preserving the (100)-like 4-fold Cu ensembles which favor C1-C1 coupling. With the Au0.02Cu0.98 champion catalyst, we achieve an n-propanol Faradaic efficiency of 18.2 ± 0.3% at a low potential of -0.41 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode and a peak production rate of 16.6 mA·cm-2. This study demonstrates that shape-controlled dilute-metal-alloy nanocrystals represent a new frontier in electrocatalyst design, and precise control of the host and minority metal distributions is crucial for elucidating structure-composition-property relationships and attaining superior catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Chuanliang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Zachary Levell
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Rebecca X Skalla
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Wei Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Nicole J Escorcia
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yaroslav Losovyj
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Baixu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Alex N Butrum-Griffith
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Christina W Li
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Danielle Reifsnyder Hickey
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Yuanyue Liu
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Xingchen Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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11
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Liu Q, Jiang Q, Li L, Yang W. Spontaneous Reconstruction of Copper Active Sites during the Alkaline CORR: Degradation and Recovery of the Performance. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4242-4251. [PMID: 38300828 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the reconstruction of electrocatalysts under operational conditions is essential for studying their catalytic mechanisms and industrial applications. Herein, using spatiotemporally resolved Raman spectroscopy with CO as a probe molecule, we resolved the spontaneous reconstruction of Cu active sites during cathodic CO reduction reactions (CORRs). Quasi-in situ focused ion beam transmission electron microscopy (FIB-TEM) revealed that under prolonged electrolysis, the Cu surface can reconstruct to form nanometer-sized Cu particles with (111)/(100) facets and abundant grain boundaries, which strongly favor the formation of an inactive *CObridge binding site and deteriorate the CORR performance. A short period of anodic oxidation can efficiently remove these reconstructed nanoparticles by quick dissolution of Cu, thus providing an effective strategy to regenerate the Cu catalysts and recover their CORR performance. This study provides real-time in situ observations of Cu reconstruction and changes in the binding of key reaction intermediates, highlighting the decisive role of the local active site, rather than the macroscopic morphology, on adsorption of key reaction intermediates and thus CORR performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiliang Liu
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030,Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Division of Solar Energy Conversion and Catalysis at Westlake University, Zhejiang Baima Lake Laboratory Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang,China
| | - Qike Jiang
- Instrumentation and Service Center for Physical Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling Li
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030,Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Division of Solar Energy Conversion and Catalysis at Westlake University, Zhejiang Baima Lake Laboratory Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang,China
| | - Wenxing Yang
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030,Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Division of Solar Energy Conversion and Catalysis at Westlake University, Zhejiang Baima Lake Laboratory Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang,China
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12
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Henckel D, Saha P, Intia F, Taylor AK, Baez-Cotto C, Hu L, Schellekens M, Simonson H, Miller EM, Verma S, Mauger S, Smith WA, Neyerlin KC. Elucidation of Critical Catalyst Layer Phenomena toward High Production Rates for the Electrochemical Conversion of CO to Ethylene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:3243-3252. [PMID: 38190502 PMCID: PMC10811620 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
This work utilizes EIS to elucidate the impact of catalyst-ionomer interactions and cathode hydroxide ion transport resistance (RCL,OH-) on cell voltage and product selectivity for the electrochemical conversion of CO to ethylene. When using the same Cu catalyst and a Nafion ionomer, varying ink dispersion and electrode deposition methods results in a change of 2 orders of magnitude for RCL,OH- and ca. a 25% change in electrode porosity. Decreasing RCL,OH- results in improved ethylene Faradaic efficiency (FE), up to ∼57%, decrease in hydrogen FE, by ∼36%, and reduction in cell voltage by up to 1 V at 700 mA/cm2. Through the optimization of electrode fabrication conditions, we achieve a maximum of 48% ethylene with >90% FE for non-hydrogen products in a 25 cm2 membrane electrode assembly at 700 mA/cm2 and <3 V. Additionally, the implications of optimizing RCL,OH- is translated to other material requirements, such as anode porosity. We find that the best performing electrodes use ink dispersion and deposition techniques that project well into roll-to-roll processes, demonstrating the scalability of the optimized process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Henckel
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver W Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393, United States
| | - Prantik Saha
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver W Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393, United States
| | - Fry Intia
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver W Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393, United States
| | - Audrey K. Taylor
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver W Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393, United States
| | - Carlos Baez-Cotto
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver W Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393, United States
| | - Leiming Hu
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver W Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393, United States
| | - Maarten Schellekens
- Shell
Global Solutions International, B.V., 1031 HW Grasweg 31, Poort 3, Amsterdam 1030 BN, Netherlands
| | - Hunter Simonson
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver W Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Renewable and Sustainable
Energy Institute RASEI, University of Colorado
Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Elisa M. Miller
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver W Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393, United States
| | - Sumit Verma
- Shell
International Exploration & Production Inc., 3333 Highway 6 South, Houston, Texas 77082, United States
| | - Scott Mauger
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver W Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393, United States
| | - Wilson A. Smith
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver W Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Renewable and Sustainable
Energy Institute RASEI, University of Colorado
Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - K. C. Neyerlin
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver W Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393, United States
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13
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Jeong Y, Kim Y, Kim YJ, Park JY. In Situ Probing of CO 2 Reduction on Cu-Phthalocyanine-Derived Cu x O Complex. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304735. [PMID: 38030415 PMCID: PMC10811478 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
An in situ measurement of a CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR) in Cu-phthalocyanine (CuPC) molecules adsorbed on an Au(111) surface is performed using electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy. One intriguing phenomenon monitored in situ during CO2 RR is that a well-ordered CuPC adlayer is formed into an unsuspected nanocluster via molecular restructuring. At an electrode potential of -0.7 V versus Ag/AgCl, the Au surface is covered mainly with the clusters, showing restructuring-induced CO2 RR catalytic activity. Using a measurement of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, it is revealed that the nanocluster represents a Cu complex with its formation mechanism. This work provides an in situ observation of the restructuring of the electrocatalyst to understand the surface-reactive correlations and suggests the CO2 RR catalyst works at a relatively low potential using the CuPC-derived Cu nanoclusters as active species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchan Jeong
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical ReactionsInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)55, Expo‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34126Republic of Korea
| | - Yongman Kim
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical ReactionsInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)55, Expo‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34126Republic of Korea
- Department of ChemistryKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jae Kim
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical ReactionsInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)55, Expo‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34126Republic of Korea
- Department of ChemistryKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical ReactionsInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)55, Expo‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34126Republic of Korea
- Department of ChemistryKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
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14
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Wu T, Zhang L, Zhan Y, Dong Y, Tan Z, Zhou B, Wei F, Zhang D, Long X. Recent Progress on Perovskite-Based Electrocatalysts for Efficient CO 2 Reduction. Molecules 2023; 28:8154. [PMID: 38138642 PMCID: PMC10745798 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), which reduces CO2 to low-carbon fuels and high-value chemicals, is a promising approach for realizing the goal of carbon neutrality, for which effective but low-cost catalysts are critically important. Recently, many inorganic perovskite-based materials with tunable chemical compositions have been applied in the electrochemical CO2RR, which exhibited advanced catalytic performance. Therefore, a timely review of this progress, which has not been reported to date, is imperative. Herein, the physicochemical characteristics, fabrication methods and applications of inorganic perovskites and their derivatives in electrochemical CO2RR are systematically reviewed, with emphasis on the structural evolution and product selectivity of these electrocatalysts. What is more, the current challenges and future directions of perovskite-based materials regarding efficient CO2RR are proposed, to shed light on the further development of this prospective research area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xia Long
- Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 201306, China; (T.W.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.D.); (Z.T.); (B.Z.); (F.W.); (D.Z.)
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15
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Xie L, Jiang Y, Zhu W, Ding S, Zhou Y, Zhu JJ. Cu-based catalyst designs in CO 2 electroreduction: precise modulation of reaction intermediates for high-value chemical generation. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13629-13660. [PMID: 38075661 PMCID: PMC10699555 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04353c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The massive emission of excess greenhouse gases (mainly CO2) have an irreversible impact on the Earth's ecology. Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (ECR), a technique that utilizes renewable energy sources to create highly reduced chemicals (e.g. C2H4, C2H5OH), has attracted significant attention in the science community. Cu-based catalysts have emerged as promising candidates for ECR, particularly in producing multi-carbon products that hold substantial value in modern industries. The formation of multi-carbon products involves a range of transient intermediates, the behaviour of which critically influences the reaction pathway and product distribution. Consequently, achieving desirable products necessitates precise regulation of these intermediates. This review explores state-of-the-art designs of Cu-based catalysts, classified into three categories based on the different prospects of the intermediates' modulation: heteroatom doping, morphological structure engineering, and local catalytic environment engineering. These catalyst designs enable efficient multi-carbon generation in ECR by effectively modulating reaction intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyiqun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yujing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, The Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, School of the Environment, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Wenlei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, The Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, School of the Environment, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shichao Ding
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California La Jolla San Diego CA 92093 USA
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials IAM, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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16
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Yang C, Gao Y, Ma T, Bai M, He C, Ren X, Luo X, Wu C, Li S, Cheng C. Metal Alloys-Structured Electrocatalysts: Metal-Metal Interactions, Coordination Microenvironments, and Structural Property-Reactivity Relationships. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301836. [PMID: 37089082 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Metal alloys-structured electrocatalysts (MAECs) have made essential contributions to accelerating the practical applications of electrocatalytic devices in renewable energy systems. However, due to the complex atomic structures, varied electronic states, and abundant supports, precisely decoding the metal-metal interactions and structure-activity relationships of MAECs still confronts great challenges, which is critical to direct the future engineering and optimization of MAECs. Here, this timely review comprehensively summarizes the latest advances in creating the MAECs, including the metal-metal interactions, coordination microenvironments, and structure-activity relationships. First, the fundamental classification, design, characterization, and structural reconstruction of MAECs are outlined. Then, the electrocatalytic merits and modulation strategies of recent breakthroughs for noble and non-noble metal-structured MAECs are thoroughly discussed, such as solid solution alloys, intermetallic alloys, and single-atom alloys. Particularly, unique insights into the bond interactions, theoretical understanding, and operando techniques for mechanism disclosure are given. Thereafter, the current states of diverse MAECs with a unique focus on structural property-reactivity relationships, reaction pathways, and performance comparisons are discussed. Finally, the future challenges and perspectives for MAECs are systematically discussed. It is believed that this comprehensive review can offer a substantial impact on stimulating the widespread utilization of metal alloys-structured materials in electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengdong Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yun Gao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Tian Ma
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Mingru Bai
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Chao He
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense, 5230, Denmark
| | - Xiancheng Ren
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xianglin Luo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Changzhu Wu
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense, 5230, Denmark
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chong Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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17
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Long C, Liu X, Wan K, Jiang Y, An P, Yang C, Wu G, Wang W, Guo J, Li L, Pang K, Li Q, Cui C, Liu S, Tan T, Tang Z. Regulating reconstruction of oxide-derived Cu for electrochemical CO 2 reduction toward n-propanol. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi6119. [PMID: 37889974 PMCID: PMC10610896 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi6119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Oxide-derived copper (OD-Cu) is the most efficient and likely practical electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction toward multicarbon products. However, the inevitable but poorly understood reconstruction from the pristine state to the working state of OD-Cu under strong reduction conditions largely hinders the rational construction of catalysts toward multicarbon products, especially C3 products like n-propanol. Here, we simulate the reconstruction of CuO and Cu2O into their derived Cu by molecular dynamics, revealing that CuO-derived Cu (CuOD-Cu) intrinsically has a richer population of undercoordinated Cu sites and higher surficial Cu atom density than the counterpart Cu2O-derived Cu (Cu2OD-Cu) because of the vigorous oxygen removal. In situ spectroscopes disclose that the coordination number of CuOD-Cu is considerably lower than that of Cu2OD-Cu, enabling the fast kinetics of CO2 reaction and strengthened binding of *C2 intermediate(s). Benefiting from the rich undercoordinated Cu sites, CuOD-Cu achieves remarkable n-propanol faradaic efficiency up to ~17.9%, whereas the Cu2OD-Cu dominantly generates formate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Long
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Molecular Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Kaiwei Wan
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuheng Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei An
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Caoyu Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Guoling Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wenyang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Molecular Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Kanglei Pang
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Qun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chunhua Cui
- Molecular Electrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqin Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Ting Tan
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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18
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Lee SY, Kim J, Bak G, Lee E, Kim D, Yoo S, Kim J, Yun H, Hwang YJ. Probing Cation Effects on *CO Intermediates from Electroreduction of CO 2 through Operando Raman Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23068-23075. [PMID: 37807716 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Cations in an electrolyte modulate microenvironments near the catalyst surface and affect product distribution from an electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction, and thus, their interaction with intermediate states has been tried to be probed. Herein, we directly observed the cation effect on *CO intermediates on the Cu(OH)2-derived catalyst in real time through operando surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy at high overpotentials (-1.0 VRHE). Atop *CO peaks are composed of low-frequency binding *CO (*COLFB) and high-frequency binding *CO (*COHFB) because of their adsorption sites. These two *CO intermediates are found to have different sensitivities to the cation-induced field, and each *CO is proposed to be suitably stabilized for efficient C-C coupling. The proportions between *COHFB and *COLFB are dependent on the type of alkali cations, and the increases in the *COHFB ratio have a high correlation with selective C2H4 production under K+ and Cs+, indicating that *COHFB is the dominant and fast active species. In addition, as the hydrated cation size decreases, *COLFB is more sensitively red-shifted than *COHFB, which promotes C-C coupling and suppresses C1 products. Through time-resolved operando measurements, dynamic changes between the two *CO species are observed, showing the rapid initial adsorption of *COHFB and subsequently reaching a steady ratio between *COLFB and *COHFB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Young Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwangsu Bak
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunchong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhwan Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Yun
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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19
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Mao X, Gong W, Fu Y, Li J, Wang X, O'Mullane AP, Xiong Y, Du A. Computational Design and Experimental Validation of Enzyme Mimicking Cu-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks for the Reduction of CO 2 into C 2 Products: C-C Coupling Promoted by Ligand Modulation and the Optimal Cu-Cu Distance. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21442-21453. [PMID: 37748045 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
While extensive research has been conducted on the conversion of CO2 to C1 products, the synthesis of C2 products still strongly depends on the Cu electrode. One main issue hindering the C2 production on Cu-based catalysts is the lack of an appropriate Cu-Cu distance to provide the ideal platform for the C-C coupling process. Herein, we identify a lab-synthesized artificial enzyme with an optimal Cu-Cu distance, named MIL-53 (Cu) (MIL= Materials of Institute Lavoisier), for CO2 conversion by using a density functional theory method. By substituting the ligands in the porous MIL-53 (Cu) nanozyme with functional groups from electron-donating NH2 to electron-withdrawing NO2, the Cu-Cu distance and charge of Cu can be significantly tuned, thus modulating the adsorption strength of CO2 that impacts the catalytic activity. MIL-53 (Cu) decorated with a COOH-ligand is found to be located at the top of a volcano-shaped plot and exhibits the highest activity and selectivity to reduce CO2 to CH3CH2OH with a limiting potential of only 0.47 eV. In addition, experiments were carried out to successfully synthesize COOH-decorated MIL-53(Cu) to prove its high catalytic performance for C2 production, which resulted in a -55.5% faradic efficiency at -1.19 V vs RHE, which is much higher than the faradic efficiency of the benchmark Cu electrode of 35.7% at -1.05 V vs RHE. Our results demonstrate that the biologically inspired enzyme engineering approach can redefine the structure-activity relationships of nanozyme catalysts and can also provide a new understanding of the catalytic mechanisms in natural enzymes toward the development of highly active and selective artificial nanozymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Mao
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane 4001, Australia
| | - Wanbing Gong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Ministry of Education Engineering Research, Centre of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Anthony P O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane 4001, Australia
| | - Yujie Xiong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Aijun Du
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane 4001, Australia
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20
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Yang K, Sun Y, Chen S, Li M, Zheng M, Ma L, Fan W, Zheng Y, Li Q, Duan J. Less-Coordinated Atomic Copper-Dimer Boosted Carbon-Carbon Coupling During Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301536. [PMID: 37081232 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This work reports a metal-organic framework (MOF) with less-coordinated copper dimers, which displays excellent electrochemical CO2 reduction (eCO2 RR) performance with an advantageous current density of 0.9 A cm-2 and a high Faradaic efficiency of 71% to C2 products. In comparison with MOF with Cu monomers that are present as Cu1 O4 with a coordination number of 3.8 ± 0.2, Cu dimers exist as O3 Cu1 ···Cu2 O2 with a coordination number of 2.8 ± 0.1. In situ characterizations together with theoretical calculations reveal that two *CO intermediates are stably adsorbed on each site of less-coordinated Cu dimers, which favors later dimerization via a key intermediate of *CH2 CHO. The highly unsaturated dual-atomic Cu provides large-quantity and high-quality actives sites for carbon-carbon coupling, achieving the optimal trade-off between activity and selectivity of eCO2 RR to C2 products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Yuntong Sun
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Min Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Lushan Ma
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Wenjun Fan
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yao Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jingjing Duan
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
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21
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Niu W, Chen Z, Guo W, Mao W, Liu Y, Guo Y, Chen J, Huang R, Kang L, Ma Y, Yan Q, Ye J, Cui C, Zhang L, Wang P, Xu X, Zhang B. Pb-rich Cu grain boundary sites for selective CO-to-n-propanol electroconversion. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4882. [PMID: 37573371 PMCID: PMC10423280 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40689-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical carbon monoxide (CO) reduction to high-energy-density fuels provides a potential way for chemical production and intermittent energy storage. As a valuable C3 species, n-propanol still suffers from a relatively low Faradaic efficiency (FE), sluggish conversion rate and poor stability. Herein, we introduce an "atomic size misfit" strategy to modulate active sites, and report a facile synthesis of a Pb-doped Cu catalyst with numerous atomic Pb-concentrated grain boundaries. Operando spectroscopy studies demonstrate that these Pb-rich Cu-grain boundary sites exhibit stable low coordination and can achieve a stronger CO adsorption for a higher surface CO coverage. Using this Pb-Cu catalyst, we achieve a CO-to-n-propanol FE (FEpropanol) of 47 ± 3% and a half-cell energy conversion efficiency (EE) of 25% in a flow cell. When applied in a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) device, a stable FEpropanol above 30% and the corresponding full-cell EE of over 16% are maintained for over 100 h with the n-propanol partial current above 300 mA (5 cm2 electrode). Furthermore, operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy and theoretical studies reveal that the structurally-flexible Pb-Cu surface can adaptively stabilize the key intermediates, which strengthens the *CO binding while maintaining the C-C coupling ability, thus promoting the CO-to-n-propanol conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Wen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Wei Mao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yunna Guo
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Jingzhao Chen
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Rui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yiwen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qisheng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jinyu Ye
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Chunyu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Peng Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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22
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Wang Y, Li B, Xue B, Libretto N, Xie Z, Shen H, Wang C, Raciti D, Marinkovic N, Zong H, Xie W, Li Z, Zhou G, Vitek J, Chen JG, Miller J, Wang G, Wang C. CO electroreduction on single-atom copper. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade3557. [PMID: 37494432 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade3557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Electroreduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) or carbon monoxide (CO) toward C2+ hydrocarbons such as ethylene, ethanol, acetate and propanol represents a promising approach toward carbon-negative electrosynthesis of chemicals. Fundamental understanding of the carbon─carbon (C-C) coupling mechanisms in these electrocatalytic processes is the key to the design and development of electrochemical systems at high energy and carbon conversion efficiencies. Here, we report the investigation of CO electreduction on single-atom copper (Cu) electrocatalysts. Atomically dispersed Cu is coordinated on a carbon nitride substrate to form high-density copper─nitrogen moieties. Chemisorption, electrocatalytic, and computational studies are combined to probe the catalytic mechanisms. Unlike the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism known for copper metal surfaces, the confinement of CO adsorption on the single-copper-atom sites enables an Eley-Rideal type of C-C coupling between adsorbed (*CO) and gaseous [CO(g)] carbon moxide molecules. The isolated Cu sites also selectively stabilize the key reaction intermediates determining the bifurcation of reaction pathways toward different C2+ products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Ralph O'Connor Sustainable Energy Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Boyang Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Bin Xue
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Ralph O'Connor Sustainable Energy Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Chemistry, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Nicole Libretto
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Zhenhua Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York City, NY 10027, USA
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Ralph O'Connor Sustainable Energy Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Canhui Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Ralph O'Connor Sustainable Energy Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - David Raciti
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Nebojsa Marinkovic
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York City, NY 10027, USA
| | - Han Zong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Ralph O'Connor Sustainable Energy Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Wenjun Xie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Ralph O'Connor Sustainable Energy Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Ziyuan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Ralph O'Connor Sustainable Energy Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Guangye Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Ralph O'Connor Sustainable Energy Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Jeff Vitek
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Ralph O'Connor Sustainable Energy Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Jingguang G Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York City, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jeffery Miller
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Guofeng Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Ralph O'Connor Sustainable Energy Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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23
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Gui J, Li L, Yu B, Wang D, Yang B, Gu Q, Zhao Y, Zhu Y, Zhang Y. Modulation of the Coordination Environment of Copper for Stable CO 2 Electroreduction with Tunable Selectivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37209114 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating the product selectivity of an electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is challenging due to the unclear and uncontrollable active sites. Here, we report stable CO2RR operation with tunable product selectivity over a family of molecule-modulated copper catalysts. The coordination environment of Cu in catalysts is modulated by an imidazole-based molecule via different synthetic routes. Various carbonaceous products ranging from carbon monoxide, methane, and ethylene were selectively produced via, respectively, tuning the coordination environment of copper atoms from Cu-N, Cu-C, and Cu-Cu. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the Cu-N sites weaken the adsorption energy of the *CO intermediate, which is beneficial for CO desorption. The Cu-C and Cu-Cu sites, respectively, facilitate the formation of *OCOH and *(CO)2 intermediates, favoring the CH4 and C2H4 pathways. This work provides a stable and simple model system for studying the influence of coordination elements on the product selectivity of CO2RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Gui
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Linbo Li
- Institute of Applied Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nanan District, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Baiyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bing Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qingqing Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Yongfa Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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24
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Gao J, Bahmanpour A, Kröcher O, Zakeeruddin SM, Ren D, Grätzel M. Electrochemical synthesis of propylene from carbon dioxide on copper nanocrystals. Nat Chem 2023; 15:705-713. [PMID: 37024716 PMCID: PMC10159857 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01163-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of carbon dioxide to value-added products using renewable electricity would potentially help to address current climate concerns. The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to propylene, a critical feedstock, requires multiple C-C coupling steps with the transfer of 18 electrons per propylene molecule, and hence is kinetically sluggish. Here we present the electrosynthesis of propylene from carbon dioxide on copper nanocrystals with a peak geometric current density of -5.5 mA cm-2. The metallic copper nanocrystals formed from CuCl precursor present preponderant Cu(100) and Cu(111) facets, likely to favour the adsorption of key *C1 and *C2 intermediates. Strikingly, the production rate of propylene drops substantially when carbon monoxide is used as the reactant. From the electrochemical reduction of isotope-labelled carbon dioxide mixed with carbon monoxide, we infer that the key step for propylene formation is probably the coupling between adsorbed/molecular carbon dioxide or carboxyl with the *C2 intermediates that are involved in the ethylene pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alimohammad Bahmanpour
- Group of Catalysis for Biofuels, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Kröcher
- Group of Catalysis for Biofuels, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Shaik M Zakeeruddin
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dan Ren
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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25
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Ziehl TJ, Morris D, Zhang P. Detection and impact of short-range order in medium/high-entropy alloys. iScience 2023; 26:106209. [PMID: 36923000 PMCID: PMC10009204 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Medium/High-entropy alloys (MEAs/HEAs) have attracted much attention during the past two decades and have been studied extensively owing to their excellent physical and mechanical properties. These materials form simple lattice structures and thermodynamically favored single-phase solutions. Despite having a single-phase, the local structure of MEAs/HEAs still contain some degree of order. Recently, short-range order (SRO) has been studied to better understand the local structure of MEAs/HEAs and how this order impacts their properties. Efforts to characterize SRO in high-entropy alloys have included non-imaging methods such as X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, as well as imaging methods such as transmission electron microscopy-based techniques. In this perspective, structural studies using non-imaging and imaging techniques to investigate SRO in MEAs/HEAs are discussed. Moreover, the impact of SRO on the physical and mechanical properties of MEAs/HEAs is also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Joe Ziehl
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6299 South St., Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - David Morris
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6299 South St., Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6299 South St., Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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26
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da Silva AHM, Lenne Q, Vos RE, Koper MTM. Competition of CO and Acetaldehyde Adsorption and Reduction on Copper Electrodes and Its Impact on n-Propanol Formation. ACS Catal 2023; 13:4339-4347. [PMID: 37066043 PMCID: PMC10088027 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Selective synthesis of n-propanol from electrocatalytic CO2/CO reduction on copper remains challenging and the impact of the local interfacial effects on the production of n-propanol is not yet fully understood. Here, we investigate the competition between CO and acetaldehyde adsorption and reduction on copper electrodes and how it affects the n-propanol formation. We show that n-propanol formation can be effectively enhanced by modulating the CO partial pressure or acetaldehyde concentration in solution. Upon successive additions of acetaldehyde in CO-saturated phosphate buffer electrolytes, n-propanol formation was increased. Oppositely, n-propanol formation was the most active at lower CO flow rates in a 50 mM acetaldehyde phosphate buffer electrolyte. In a conventional carbon monoxide reduction reaction (CORR) test in KOH, we show that, in the absence of acetaldehyde in solution, an optimum ratio of n-propanol/ethylene formation is found at intermediate CO partial pressure. From these observations, we can assume that the highest n-propanol formation rate from CO2RR is reached when a suitable ratio of CO and acetaldehyde intermediates is adsorbed. An optimum ratio was also found for n-propanol/ethanol formation but with a clear decrease in the formation rate for ethanol at this optimum, while the n-propanol formation rate was the highest. As this trend was not observed for ethylene formation, this finding suggests that adsorbed methylcarbonyl (adsorbed dehydrogenated acetaldehyde) is an intermediate for the formation of ethanol and n-propanol but not for ethylene. Finally, this work may explain why it is challenging to reach high faradaic efficiencies for n-propanol, as CO and the intermediates for n-propanol synthesis (like adsorbed methylcarbonyl) compete for active sites on the surface, where CO adsorption is favored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Quentin Lenne
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Rafaël E. Vos
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Marc T. M. Koper
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
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27
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Luo M, Ozden A, Wang Z, Li F, Erick Huang J, Hung SF, Wang Y, Li J, Nam DH, Li YC, Xu Y, Lu R, Zhang S, Lum Y, Ren Y, Fan L, Wang F, Li HH, Appadoo D, Dinh CT, Liu Y, Chen B, Wicks J, Chen H, Sinton D, Sargent EH. Coordination Polymer Electrocatalysts Enable Efficient CO-to-Acetate Conversion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209567. [PMID: 36584285 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Upgrading carbon dioxide/monoxide to multi-carbon C2+ products using renewable electricity offers one route to more sustainable fuel and chemical production. One of the most appealing products is acetate, the profitable electrosynthesis of which demands a catalyst with higher efficiency. Here, a coordination polymer (CP) catalyst is reported that consists of Cu(I) and benzimidazole units linked via Cu(I)-imidazole coordination bonds, which enables selective reduction of CO to acetate with a 61% Faradaic efficiency at -0.59 volts versus the reversible hydrogen electrode at a current density of 400 mA cm-2 in flow cells. The catalyst is integrated in a cation exchange membrane-based membrane electrode assembly that enables stable acetate electrosynthesis for 190 h, while achieving direct collection of concentrated acetate (3.3 molar) from the cathodic liquid stream, an average single-pass utilization of 50% toward CO-to-acetate conversion, and an average acetate full-cell energy efficiency of 15% at a current density of 250 mA cm-2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchuan Luo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St, George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Adnan Ozden
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's, College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Ziyun Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St, George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Fengwang Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St, George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jianan Erick Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St, George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Sung-Fu Hung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St, George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Yuhang Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St, George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St, George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's, College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Dae-Hyun Nam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St, George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Yuguang C Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St, George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's, College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Ruihu Lu
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Shuzhen Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Yanwei Lum
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St, George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Yang Ren
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, USA
| | - Longlong Fan
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, USA
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Hui Li
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | | | - Cao-Thang Dinh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St, George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St, George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St, George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Joshua Wicks
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St, George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Haijie Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St, George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - David Sinton
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's, College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St, George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
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28
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Biswas A, Winter LR, Xie Z, Chen JG. Utilizing CO 2 as a Reactant for C 3 Oxygenate Production via Tandem Reactions. JACS AU 2023; 3:293-305. [PMID: 36873684 PMCID: PMC9975824 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
One possible solution to closing the loop on carbon emissions is using CO2 as the carbon source to generate high-value, multicarbon products. In this Perspective, we describe four tandem reaction strategies for converting CO2 into C3 oxygenated hydrocarbon products (i.e., propanal and 1-propanol), using either ethane or water as the hydrogen source: (1) thermocatalytic CO2-assisted dehydrogenation and reforming of ethane to ethylene, CO, and H2, followed by heterogeneous hydroformylation, (2) one-pot conversion of CO2 and ethane using plasma-activated reactions in combination with thermocatalysis, (3) electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene, CO, and H2, followed by thermocatalytic hydroformylation, and (4) electrochemical CO2 reduction to CO, followed by electrochemical CO reduction to C3 oxygenates. We discuss the proof-of-concept results and key challenges for each tandem scheme, and we conduct a comparative analysis of the energy costs and prospects for net CO2 reduction. The use of tandem reaction systems can provide an alternative approach to traditional catalytic processes, and these concepts can be further extended to other chemical reactions and products, thereby opening new opportunities for innovative CO2 utilization technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash
N. Biswas
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York10027, United States
| | - Lea R. Winter
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut06520, United States
| | - Zhenhua Xie
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York10027, United States
- Chemistry
Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York11973, United States
| | - Jingguang G. Chen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York10027, United States
- Chemistry
Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York11973, United States
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29
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A hydrophobic Cu/Cu 2O sheet catalyst for selective electroreduction of CO to ethanol. Nat Commun 2023; 14:501. [PMID: 36720860 PMCID: PMC9889799 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36261-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrocatalytic reduction of carbon monoxide into fuels or chemicals with two or more carbons is very attractive due to their high energy density and economic value. Herein we demonstrate the synthesis of a hydrophobic Cu/Cu2O sheet catalyst with hydrophobic n-butylamine layer and its application in CO electroreduction. The CO reduction on this catalyst produces two or more carbon products with a Faradaic efficiency of 93.5% and partial current density of 151 mA cm-2 at the potential of -0.70 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode. A Faradaic efficiency of 68.8% and partial current density of 111 mA cm-2 for ethanol were reached, which is very high in comparison to all previous reports of CO2/CO electroreduction with a total current density higher than 10 mA cm-2. The as-prepared catalyst also showed impressive stability that the activity and selectivity for two or more carbon products could remain even after 100 operating hours. This work opens a way for efficient electrocatalytic conversion of CO2/CO to liquid fuels.
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30
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Zhang Y, Gui J, Wang D, Mao J, Zhang C, Li F. A tandem effect of atomically isolated copper-nitrogen sites and copper clusters enhances CO 2 electroreduction to ethylene. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:1092-1098. [PMID: 36562426 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06009d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Direct electrochemical conversion of CO2 to C2H4 with high selectivity is highly desirable for lowering CO2 emissions. However, limited by the slow *CO dimerization step at a single active site, it is difficult for current electrocatalysts to further improve the selectivity toward C2H4. Here we report a tandem catalyst PDI-Cu/Cu with Cu-N sites and Cu clusters, synthesized by uniformly dispersing Cu clusters on a coordination polymer PDI-Cu, which has atomically isolated Cu-N sites. This tandem catalyst, which has an optimal content of Cu clusters, shows more than 2 times the enhancement in C2H4 production compared with that of the non-tandem catalyst PDI/Cu. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations support the tandem reaction mechanism, where Cu-N sites first reduce CO2 into highly concentrated CO and then the CO migrates to the surfaces of Cu clusters for further conversion into C2H4, decoupling the complex C2H4 generation pathway at single active sites into a two-step tandem reaction. This work offers a rational approach to design electrocatalysts for further boosting the selectivity of the CO2RR to C2+ products via a tandem route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Jianing Gui
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Junjun Mao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Fengwang Li
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, the University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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31
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Somerville S, O’Mara PB, Benedetti TM, Cheong S, Schuhmann W, Tilley RD, Gooding JJ. Nanoconfinement Allows a Less Active Cascade Catalyst to Produce More C 2+ Products in Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:289-299. [PMID: 37342618 PMCID: PMC10278131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c07518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes with multiple distinct active sites linked by substrate channels combined with control over the solution environment near the active sites enable the formation of complex products from simple reactants via the confinement of intermediates. We mimic this concept to facilitate the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction using nanoparticles with a core that produces intermediate CO at different rates and a porous copper shell. CO2 reacts at the core to produce CO which then diffuses through the Cu to give higher order hydrocarbon molecules. By altering the rate of CO2 delivery, the activity of the CO producing site, and the applied potential, we show that the nanoparticle with lower activity for CO formation produces greater amounts of hydrocarbon products. This is attributed to a combination of higher local pH and the lower amount of CO, resulting in more stable nanoparticles. However, when lower amounts of CO2 were delivered to the core, the particles that are more active for CO formation produce more C3 products. The importance of these results is twofold. They show that in cascade reactions, more active intermediate producing catalysts do not necessarily give greater amounts of high-value products. The effect an intermediate producing active site has on the local solution environment around the secondary active site plays an important role. As the less active catalyst for producing CO also possesses greater stability, we show that nanoconfinement can be used to get the best of both worlds with regard to having a stable catalyst with high activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel
V. Somerville
- School
of Chemistry and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney2052, Australia
| | - Peter B. O’Mara
- School
of Chemistry and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney2052, Australia
| | - Tania M. Benedetti
- School
of Chemistry and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney2052, Australia
| | - Soshan Cheong
- Electron
Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney2052, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical
Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität
Bochum, Universitatsstraße
150, BochumD-44780, Germany
| | - Richard D. Tilley
- School
of Chemistry and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney2052, Australia
- Electron
Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney2052, Australia
| | - J. Justin Gooding
- School
of Chemistry and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney2052, Australia
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32
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Navigating CO utilization in tandem electrocatalysis of CO2. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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33
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Ni Z, Wang P, Quan F, Guo R, Liu C, Liu X, Mu W, Lei X, Li Q. Design strategy of a Cu-based catalyst for optimizing the performance in the electrochemical CO 2 reduction reaction to multicarbon alcohols. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:16376-16393. [PMID: 36305266 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04826d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (ECRR) is a promising method to reduce excessive CO2 emissions and achieve a sustainable carbon cycle. Due to the high reaction kinetics and efficiency, copper-based catalysts have shown great application potential for preparing multicarbon (C2+) products. C2+ alcohols have high economic value and use-value, playing an essential role in modern industry. Therefore, we summarize the latest research progress of the ECRR to synthesize C2+ alcohols on Cu-based catalysts and discuss the state-of-the-art catalyst design strategies to improve CO2 reduction performance. Moreover, we analyzed in detail the specific reaction pathways for the conversion of CO2 to C2+ alcohols based on DFT calculations. Finally, we propose the problems and possible solutions for synthesizing C2+ alcohols with copper-based catalysts. We hope that this review can provide ideas for devising ECRR catalysts for C2+ alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Ni
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
- Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province, School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Fan Quan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
- Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province, School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Rui Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
- Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province, School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Chunming Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Xuanwen Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Wenning Mu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
- Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province, School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Xuefei Lei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
- Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province, School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Qingjun Li
- Xusai Environmental Technology of Hebei Co., Ltd., Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
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34
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Wang X, Hu Q, Li G, Yang H, He C. Recent Advances and Perspectives of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Toward C2+ Products on Cu-Based Catalysts. ELECTROCHEM ENERGY R 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41918-022-00171-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Mandal SC, Das A, Roy D, Das S, Nair AS, Pathak B. Developments of the heterogeneous and homogeneous CO2 hydrogenation to value-added C2+-based hydrocarbons and oxygenated products. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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36
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Deng B, Zhao X, Li Y, Huang M, Zhang S, Dong F. Active site identification and engineering during the dynamic evolution of copper-based catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1412-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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37
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Zhang D, Xue Y, Zheng X, Zhang C, Li Y. Multi-heterointerfaces for selective and efficient urea production. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 10:nwac209. [PMID: 36817842 PMCID: PMC9935990 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A major impediment to industrial urea synthesis is the lack of catalysts with high selectivity and activity, which inhibits the efficient industrial production of urea. Here, we report a new catalyst system suitable for the highly selective synthesis of industrial urea by in situ growth of graphdiyne on the surface of cobalt-nickel mixed oxides. Such a catalyst is a multi-heterojunction interfacial structure resulting in the obvious incomplete charge-transfer phenomenon between a graphdiyne and metal oxide interface and multiple intermolecular interactions. These intrinsic characteristics are the origin of the high performance of the catalyst. Studies on the mechanism reveal that the catalyst could effectively optimize the adsorption/desorption capacities of the intermediate and promote direct C-N coupling by significantly suppressing by-product reactions toward the formation of H2, CO, N2 and NH3. The catalyst can selectively synthesize urea directly from nitrite and carbon dioxide in water at room temperature and pressure, and exhibits a record-high Faradaic efficiency of 64.3%, nitrogen selectivity (Nurea-selectivity) of 86.0%, carbon selectivity (Curea-selectivity) of ∼100%, as well as urea yield rates of 913.2 μg h-1 mgcat -1 and remarkable long-term stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyan Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Xuchen Zheng
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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38
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Cao B, Li FZ, Gu J. Designing Cu-Based Tandem Catalysts for CO 2 Electroreduction Based on Mass Transport of CO Intermediate. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Fu-Zhi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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39
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Liu J, You F, He B, Wu Y, Wang D, Zhou W, Qian C, Yang G, Liu G, Wang H, Guo Y, Gu L, Feng L, Li S, Zhao Y. Directing the Architecture of Surface-Clean Cu 2O for CO Electroreduction. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12410-12420. [PMID: 35758858 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tailoring the morphology of nanocrystals is a promising way to enhance their catalytic performance. In most previous shape-controlled synthesis strategies, surfactants are inevitable due to their capability to stabilize different facets. However, the adsorbed surfactants block the intrinsic active sites of the nanocrystals, reducing their catalytic performance. For now, strategies to control the morphology without surfactants are still limited but necessary. Herein, a facile surfactant-free synthesis method is developed to regulate the morphology of Cu2O nanocrystals (e.g., solid nanocube, concave nanocube, cubic framework, branching nanocube, branching concave nanocube, and branching cubic framework) to enhance the electrocatalytic performance for the conversion of CO to n-propanol. Specifically, the Cu2O branching cubic framework (BCF-Cu2O), which is difficult to fabricate using previous surfactant-free methods, is fabricated by combining the concentration depletion effect and the oxidation etching process. More significantly, the BCF-Cu2O-derived catalyst (BCF) presents the highest n-propanol current density (-0.85 mA cm-2) at -0.45 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (VRHE), which is fivefold higher than that of the surfactant-coated Cu2O nanocube-derived catalyst (SFC, -0.17 mA cm-2). In terms of the n-propanol Faradaic efficiency in CO electroreduction, that of the BCF exhibits a 41% increase at -0.45 VRHE as compared with SFC. The high catalytic activity of the BCF that results from the clean surface and the coexistence of Cu(100) and Cu(110) in the lattice is well-supported by density functional theory calculations. Thus, this work presents an important paradigm for the facile fabrication of surface-clean nanocrystals with an enhanced application performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Futian You
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Bowen He
- In-situ Center for Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yinglong Wu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Weiqiang Zhou
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Cheng Qian
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Guangbao Yang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Guofeng Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Hou Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Yi Guo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Long Gu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Lili Feng
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Shuzhou Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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40
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Xie Y, Ou P, Wang X, Xu Z, Li YC, Wang Z, Huang JE, Wicks J, McCallum C, Wang N, Wang Y, Chen T, Lo BTW, Sinton D, Yu JC, Wang Y, Sargent EH. High carbon utilization in CO2 reduction to multi-carbon products in acidic media. Nat Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-022-00788-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Song M, Jiao Z, Jing W, Liu Y, Guo L. Revealing the Nature of C-C Coupling Sites on a Cu Surface for CO 2 Reduction. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4434-4440. [PMID: 35549269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical CO2 reduction technology plays an important role in reducing CO2 into valuable chemical fuels. Therein, Cu-based catalysts show superior performance for producing high-value C2+ products. Here, we illustrate the ascendency of high-index facets of Cu catalysts in producing C2+ products and find that two kinds of sites favor C-C coupling on the surface. One is prone to adsorb the C-C coupling structure by spanning stepped coppers with different coordination numbers. The other is to embed the structure along two columns of Cu with similar characteristics through O and C adsorbed simultaneously. Within all research surfaces, the coupling energy barrier is lowest on the Cu(911) facet, which is consistent with the experiment. The less charged sites promote the stabilization of the CO-CO structure as determined by charge analysis. Furthermore, our results suggest that the high selectivity for C2+ products on a Cu surface could significantly come from the contribution of the high-index facet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Song
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Zihao Jiao
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Wenhao Jing
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Ya Liu
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Liejin Guo
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
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42
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Zhang Z, Bian L, Tian H, Liu Y, Bando Y, Yamauchi Y, Wang ZL. Tailoring the Surface and Interface Structures of Copper-Based Catalysts for Electrochemical Reduction of CO 2 to Ethylene and Ethanol. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107450. [PMID: 35128790 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical CO2 reduction to valuable ethylene and ethanol offers a promising strategy to lower CO2 emissions while storing renewable electricity. Cu-based catalysts have shown the potential for CO2 -to-ethylene/ethanol conversion, but still suffer from low activity and selectivity. Herein, the effects of surface and interface structures in Cu-based catalysts for CO2 -to-ethylene/ethanol production are systematically discussed. Both reactions involve three crucial steps: formation of CO intermediate, CC coupling, and hydrodeoxygenation of C2 intermediates. For ethylene, the key step is CC coupling, which can be enhanced by tailoring the surface structures of catalyst such as step sites on facets, Cu0 /Cuδ+ species and nanopores, as well as the optimized molecule-catalyst and electrolyte-catalyst interfaces further promoting the higher ethylene production. While the controllable hydrodeoxygenation of C2 intermediate is important for ethanol, which can be achieved by tuning the stability of oxygenate intermediates through the metallic cluster induced special atomic configuration and bimetallic synergy induced the double active sites on catalyst surface. Additionally, constraining CO coverage by the complex-catalyst interface and stabilizing CO bond by N-doped carbon/Cu interface can also enhance the ethanol selectivity. The structure-performance relationships will provide the guidance for the design of Cu-based catalysts for highly efficient reduction of CO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Lei Bian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hao Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yoshio Bando
- Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), University of Wollongong, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) and School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) and School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Zhong-Li Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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43
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Dattila F, Seemakurthi RR, Zhou Y, López N. Modeling Operando Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11085-11130. [PMID: 35476402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Since the seminal works on the application of density functional theory and the computational hydrogen electrode to electrochemical CO2 reduction (eCO2R) and hydrogen evolution (HER), the modeling of both reactions has quickly evolved for the last two decades. Formulation of thermodynamic and kinetic linear scaling relationships for key intermediates on crystalline materials have led to the definition of activity volcano plots, overpotential diagrams, and full exploitation of these theoretical outcomes at laboratory scale. However, recent studies hint at the role of morphological changes and short-lived intermediates in ruling the catalytic performance under operating conditions, further raising the bar for the modeling of electrocatalytic systems. Here, we highlight some novel methodological approaches employed to address eCO2R and HER reactions. Moving from the atomic scale to the bulk electrolyte, we first show how ab initio and machine learning methodologies can partially reproduce surface reconstruction under operation, thus identifying active sites and reaction mechanisms if coupled with microkinetic modeling. Later, we introduce the potential of density functional theory and machine learning to interpret data from Operando spectroelectrochemical techniques, such as Raman spectroscopy and extended X-ray absorption fine structure characterization. Next, we review the role of electrolyte and mass transport effects. Finally, we suggest further challenges for computational modeling in the near future as well as our perspective on the directions to follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Dattila
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ranga Rohit Seemakurthi
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Yecheng Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Núria López
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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44
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45
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Shen H, Wang Y, Chakraborty T, Zhou G, Wang C, Fu X, Wang Y, Zhang J, Li C, Xu F, Cao L, Mueller T, Wang C. Asymmetrical C–C Coupling for Electroreduction of CO on Bimetallic Cu–Pd Catalysts. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Shen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Yunzhe Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Tanmoy Chakraborty
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Guangye Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Canhui Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Xianbiao Fu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Jinyi Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Chenyang Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Liang Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Tim Mueller
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Ralph O’Connor Sustainable Energy Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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46
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Yang B, Liu K, Li H, Liu C, Fu J, Li H, Huang JE, Ou P, Alkayyali T, Cai C, Duan Y, Liu H, An P, Zhang N, Li W, Qiu X, Jia C, Hu J, Chai L, Lin Z, Gao Y, Miyauchi M, Cortés E, Maier SA, Liu M. Accelerating CO 2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products via Synergistic Electric-Thermal Field on Copper Nanoneedles. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3039-3049. [PMID: 35112839 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical CO2 reduction is a promising way to mitigate CO2 emissions and close the anthropogenic carbon cycle. Among products from CO2RR, multicarbon chemicals, such as ethylene and ethanol with high energy density, are more valuable. However, the selectivity and reaction rate of C2 production are unsatisfactory due to the sluggish thermodynamics and kinetics of C-C coupling. The electric field and thermal field have been studied and utilized to promote catalytic reactions, as they can regulate the thermodynamic and kinetic barriers of reactions. Either raising the potential or heating the electrolyte can enhance C-C coupling, but these come at the cost of increasing side reactions, such as the hydrogen evolution reaction. Here, we present a generic strategy to enhance the local electric field and temperature simultaneously and dramatically improve the electric-thermal synergy desired in electrocatalysis. A conformal coating of ∼5 nm of polytetrafluoroethylene significantly improves the catalytic ability of copper nanoneedles (∼7-fold electric field and ∼40 K temperature enhancement at the tips compared with bare copper nanoneedles experimentally), resulting in an improved C2 Faradaic efficiency of over 86% at a partial current density of more than 250 mA cm-2 and a record-high C2 turnover frequency of 11.5 ± 0.3 s-1 Cu site-1. Combined with its low cost and scalability, the electric-thermal strategy for a state-of-the-art catalyst not only offers new insight into improving activity and selectivity of value-added C2 products as we demonstrated but also inspires advances in efficiency and/or selectivity of other valuable electro-/photocatalysis such as hydrogen evolution, nitrogen reduction, and hydrogen peroxide electrosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baopeng Yang
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physical and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physical and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - HuangJingWei Li
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physical and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Changxu Liu
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-80539 München, Germany
| | - Junwei Fu
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physical and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physical and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jianan Erick Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Pengfei Ou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Tartela Alkayyali
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Chao Cai
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physical and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yuxia Duan
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physical and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Pengda An
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Wenzhang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xiaoqing Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Chuankun Jia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Junhua Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Liyuan Chai
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zhang Lin
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yongli Gao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Masahiro Miyauchi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Emiliano Cortés
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-80539 München, Germany
| | - Stefan A Maier
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-80539 München, Germany.,Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Min Liu
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physical and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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47
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Pablo-García S, Veenstra FLP, Ting LRL, García-Muelas R, Dattila F, Martín AJ, Yeo BS, Pérez-Ramírez J, López N. Mechanistic routes toward C3 products in copper-catalysed CO2 electroreduction. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01423d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The mechanistic insights of CO2 electrochemical reduction on Cu materials up to C3 fragments are investigated by combining experiments and theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Pablo-García
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, ICIQ, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Florentine L. P. Veenstra
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Louisa Rui Lin Ting
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
- Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, 117574, Singapore
| | - Rodrigo García-Muelas
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, ICIQ, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Federico Dattila
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, ICIQ, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Martín
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Boon Siang Yeo
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
- Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, 117574, Singapore
| | - Javier Pérez-Ramírez
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Núria López
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, ICIQ, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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48
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Heng JM, Zhu HL, Zhao ZH, Huang DS, Li JY, Liao PQ, Chen XM. A Conductive Dinuclear Cuprous Complex Mimicking the Active Edge Site of the Copper(100)/(111) Plane for Selective Electroreduction of CO
2
to C
2
H
4
at Industrial Current Density. RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.34133/research.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic solids are a kind of important catalysts, and their activities usually come from sparse active sites, which are structurally different from inactive bulk. Therefore, the rational optimization of activity depends on studying these active sites. Copper is a widely used catalyst and is expected to be a promising catalyst for the electroreduction of CO
2
to C
2
H
4
. Here, we report a conductive dinuclear cuprous complex with a short Cu···Cu contact for the electroreduction of CO
2
to C
2
H
4
. By using 1
H
-[1,10]phenanthrolin-2-one and Cu(I) ions, a dinuclear cuprous complex [Cu
2
(ophen)
2
] (Cuophen) with a remarkable conductivity (3.9 × 10
−4
S m
−1
) and a short intramolecular Cu···Cu contact (2.62 Å) was obtained. Such a short Cu···Cu contact is close to the distance of 2.54 Å between 2 adjacent Cu atoms in the edge of the copper(100)/(111) plane. Detailed examination of Cuophen revealed a high activity for the electroreduction of CO
2
to C
2
H
4
with a Faradaic efficiency of 55(1)% and a current density of 580 mA cm
−2
, and no obvious degradation was observed over 50 h of continuous operation. Comparing the properties and mechanisms of Cuophen and 2 other copper complexes with different Cu···Cu distances, we found that the shorter Cu···Cu distance is conducive not only for a *CO species to bridge 2 copper ions into a more stable intermediate transition state but also for C–C coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Meng Heng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hao-Lin Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Da-Shuai Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jun-Yi Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Pei-Qin Liao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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49
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Li F, Zhou C, Feygin E, Roy PN, Chen LD, Klinkova A. Reaction-Intermediate-Induced Atomic Mobility in Heterogeneous Metal Catalysts for Electrochemical Reduction of CO2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:19432-19442. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02075k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Improving the activity and selectivity of heterogeneous metal electrocatalysts has been the primary focus of CO2 electroreduction studies, however, the stability of these materials crucial for practical application remains less...
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50
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Wu ZZ, Zhang XL, Niu ZZ, Gao FY, Yang PP, Chi LP, Shi L, Wei WS, Liu R, Chen Z, Hu S, Zheng X, Gao MR. Identification of Cu(100)/Cu(111) Interfaces as Superior Active Sites for CO Dimerization During CO 2 Electroreduction. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 144:259-269. [PMID: 34962375 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The electrosynthesis of valuable multicarbon chemicals using carbon dioxide (CO2) as a feedstock has substantially progressed recently but still faces considerable challenges. A major difficulty lines in the sluggish kinetics of forming carbon-carbon (C-C) bonds, especially in neutral media. We report here that oxide-derived copper crystals enclosed by six {100} and eight {111} facets can reduce CO2 to multicarbon products with a high Faradaic efficiency of 74.9 ± 1.7% at a commercially relevant current density of 300 mA cm-2 in 1 M KHCO3 (pH ∼ 8.4). By combining the experimental and computational studies, we uncovered that Cu(100)/Cu(111) interfaces offer a favorable local electronic structure that enhances *CO adsorption and lowers C-C coupling activation energy barriers, performing superior to Cu(100) and Cu(111) surfaces, respectively. On this catalyst, no obvious degradation was observed at 300 mA cm-2 over 50 h of continuous operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Zheng Wu
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiao-Long Zhang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhuang-Zhuang Niu
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Fei-Yue Gao
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Peng-Peng Yang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Li-Ping Chi
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wen-Sen Wei
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Ren Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shaojin Hu
- Division of Theoretical and Computational Sciences, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Division of Theoretical and Computational Sciences, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Min-Rui Gao
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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