1
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Wang T, Yang WT, Gong YM, Zhang YK, Fan XX, Wang GC, Lu ZH, Liu F, Liu XH, Zhu YS. Molecular engineering of PETase for efficient PET biodegradation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116540. [PMID: 38833982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The widespread utilization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has caused a variety of environmental and health problems. Compared with traditional thermomechanical or chemical PET cycling, the biodegradation of PET may offer a more feasible solution. Though the PETase from Ideonalla sakaiensis (IsPETase) displays interesting PET degrading performance under mild conditions; the relatively low thermal stability of IsPETase limits its practical application. In this study, enzyme-catalysed PET degradation was investigated with the promising IsPETase mutant HotPETase (HP). On this basis, a carbohydrate-binding module from Bacillus anthracis (BaCBM) was fused to the C-terminus of HP to construct the PETase mutant (HLCB) for increased PET degradation. Furthermore, to effectively improve PET accessibility and PET-degrading activity, the truncated outer membrane hybrid protein (FadL) was used to expose PETase and BaCBM on the surface of E. coli (BL21with) to develop regenerable whole-cell biocatalysts (D-HLCB). Results showed that, among the tested small-molecular weight ester compounds (p-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP), p-Nitrophenyl acetate (pNPA), 4-Nitrophenyl butyrate (pNPB)), PETase displayed the highest hydrolysing activity against pNPP. HP displayed the highest catalytic activity (1.94 μM(p-NP)/min) at 50 °C and increased longevity at 40 °C. The fused BaCBM could clearly improve the catalytic performance of PETase by increasing the optimal reaction temperature and improving the thermostability. When HLCB was used for PET degradation, the yield of monomeric products (255.7 μM) was ∼25.5 % greater than that obtained after 50 h of HP-catalysed PET degradation. Moreover, the highest yield of monomeric products from the D-HLCB-mediated system reached 1.03 mM. The whole-cell catalyst D-HLCB displayed good reusability and stability and could maintain more than 54.6 % of its initial activity for nine cycles. Finally, molecular docking simulations were utilized to investigate the binding mechanism and the reaction mechanism of HLCB, which may provide theoretical evidence to further increase the PET-degrading activities of PETases through rational design. The proposed strategy and developed variants show potential for achieving complete biodegradation of PET under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- School of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Wen-Tao Yang
- School of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yu-Ming Gong
- School of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Ying-Kang Zhang
- School of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xin-Xin Fan
- School of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Guo-Cheng Wang
- School of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Lu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiao-Huan Liu
- School of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - You-Shuang Zhu
- School of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.
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2
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Zou C, Chen J, Khan MA, Si G, Chen C. Stapler Strategies for Upcycling Mixed Plastics. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38953865 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical recycling is one of the simplest and most economical strategies to address ever-increasing plastic pollution, but it cannot be applied to immiscible mixed plastics and suffers from property deterioration after each cycle. By combining the amphiphilic block copolymer strategy and reactive compatibilization strategy, we designed a series of stapler strategies for compatibilizing/upcycling mixed plastics. First, various functionalized graft copolymers were accessed via different synthetic routes. Subsequently, the addition of a very small amount of stapler molecules induced a synergistic effect with the graft copolymers that improved the compatibility and mechanical properties of mixed plastics. These strategies were highly effective for various binary/ternary plastic systems and can be directly applied to postconsumer waste plastics, which can increase the toughness of mixed postconsumer waste plastics by 162 times. Most importantly, it also effectively improved the impact resistance, adhesion performance, and three-dimensional (3D) printing performance of mixed plastics, and permitted the recycling of plastic blends 20 times with minimal degradation in their mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zou
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Muhammad Asadullah Khan
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guifu Si
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Changle Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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3
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Han X, Jiang M, Li H, Li R, Sulaiman NHM, Zhang T, Li H, Zheng L, Wei J, He L, Zhou X. Upcycle polyethylene terephthalate waste by photoreforming: Bifunction of Pt cocatalyst. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 665:204-218. [PMID: 38522160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Upcycle polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste by photoreforming (PR) is a sustainable and green approach to tackle environmental problems but with challenges to obtain valuable oxidation products and high purity hydrogen simultaneously. Noble metal cocatalysts are essential to enhance the overall PR reaction efficacy. In this work, TiO2 nanotubes (TiO2 NTs) decorated with single Pt atoms (Pt1/TiO2) or Pt nanoparticles (PtNPs/TiO2) are used in the photoreforming reaction (in one batch), and the oxidation products from ethylene glycol (EG, hydrolysed product of PET) in liquid phase and hydrogen are detected. With Pt1/TiO2, EG is oxidized to glyoxal, glyoxylate or lactate, and hydrogen evolution rate (r H2) reaches 51.8 μmol⋅h-1⋅gcat-1, that is 30 times higher than that of TiO2. For PtNPs/TiO2 (size of Pt NPs: 1.97 nm), hydrogen evolution reaches 219.1 μmol⋅h-1⋅gcat-1, but with the oxidation product of acetate only. DFT calculation demonstrates that for Pt NPs, the reaction path for hydrogen evolution is preferred thermodynamically, due to the formation of Schottky junction. On the oxidation of EG, theoretical and spectroscopic analysis suggest that bidentate adsorption of EG at the interface is facile on Pt1/TiO2, compared to that on PtNPs/TiO2 (two Pt sites), but oxidation products, adsorb less strongly, compared to PtNPs/TiO2, that eventually regulates the distribution of oxidation products. The results thus demonstrate the bifunctions of Pt in the PR reaction, i.e., electron transfer mediator for hydrogen evolution and reactive sites for molecules adsorption. The oxidation reaction is dominated by the adsorption-desorption behavior of molecules but the reduction reaction is controlled by the electron transfer. In addition, acidification of pretreated PET alkaline solution achieves separation of pure terephthalic acid (PTA), which further improves the reaction efficiency possibly by offering high density of active sites and acidic environment. Our work thus demonstrates that to upcycle PET plastics, an optimized process can be reached by atomic design of photocatalysts and proper treatment on the plastic wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochi Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Ming Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Huaxing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Rongjie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Nashwan H M Sulaiman
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Hongjiao Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Lirong Zheng
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Jiake Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Lirong He
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Xuemei Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
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4
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Ji L, Meng J, Li C, Wang M, Jiang X. From Polyester Plastics to Diverse Monomers via Low-Energy Upcycling. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2403002. [PMID: 38626364 PMCID: PMC11220695 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Polyester plastics, constituting over 10% of the total plastic production, are widely used in packaging, fiber, single-use beverage bottles, etc. However, their current depolymerization processes face challenges such as non-broad spectrum recyclability, lack of diversified high-value-added depolymerization products, and crucially high energy consumption. Herein, an efficient strategy is developed for dismantling the compact structure of polyester plastics to achieve diverse monomer recovery. Polyester plastics undergo swelling and decrystallization with a low depolymerization energy barrier via synergistic effects of polyfluorine/hydrogen bonding, which is further demonstrated via density functional theory calculations. The swelling process is elucidated through scanning electron microscopy analysis. Obvious destruction of the crystalline region is demonstrated through X-ray crystal diffractometry curves. PET undergoes different aminolysis efficiently, yielding nine corresponding high-value-added monomers via low-energy upcycling. Furthermore, four types of polyester plastics and five types of blended polyester plastics are closed-loop recycled, affording diverse monomers with exceeding 90% yields. Kilogram-scale depolymerization of real polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste plastics is successfully achieved with a 96% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal UniversityNorth Zhongshan Road 3663Shanghai200062China
| | - Jiaolong Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal UniversityNorth Zhongshan Road 3663Shanghai200062China
| | - Chengliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal UniversityNorth Zhongshan Road 3663Shanghai200062China
| | - Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal UniversityNorth Zhongshan Road 3663Shanghai200062China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal UniversityNorth Zhongshan Road 3663Shanghai200062China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHenan Normal UniversityXinxiangHenan453007China
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5
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Hu Q, Zhang Z, He D, Wu J, Ding J, Chen Q, Jiao X, Xie Y. Progress and Perspective for "Green" Strategies of Catalytic Plastics Conversion into Fuels by Regulating Half-Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:16950-16962. [PMID: 38832898 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, plastic waste threatens public health and the natural ecosystems of our lives. It is highly beneficial to recycle plastic waste in order to maximize the reuse of its contained carbon sources for the development of other valuable products. Unfortunately, traditional techniques usually require significant energy consumption and result in the generation of hazardous waste. Herein, the up-to-date developments on the "green" strategies under mild conditions including electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and photoelectrocatalysis of plastic wastes are presented. During the oxidation of plastics in these "green" strategies, corresponding reduction reactions usually exist, which affect the property of catalytic plastics conversion. Particularly, we mainly focus on how to design the corresponding half reactions, such as the water reduction, carbon dioxide reduction, and nitrate reduction. Finally, we provide forward-looking insight into the enhancement of these "green" strategies, the extension of more half reactions into other organic catalysis, a comprehensive exploration of the underlying mechanisms through in situ studies and theoretical analysis and the problems for practical applications that needs to be solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhixing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Dongpo He
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jiacong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jinyu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qingxia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xingchen Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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6
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Svoboda R, Machotová J. How Depolymerization-Based Plasticization Affects the Process of Cold Crystallization in Poly(P-Dioxanone). Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400369. [PMID: 38923170 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The self-plasticization, i.e., the increase in the polymer chains' mobility by including its monomer, has a major impact on a polymer's structural, thermal, and mechanical properties. In this study, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), optical and Raman microscopies, thermo-mechanical analysis (TMA), size exclusion chromatography equipped with a multi-angle light scattering detector (SEC-MALS), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) are used to investigate the effect of thermally induced self-plasticization of poly-(p-dioxanone), PDX, on the crystal growths from the amorphous and molten states. Significant changes in the crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of PDX are found only for samples self-plasticized at the depolymerization temperature (Td) above 150 °C. The intense self-plasticization leads to the decrease of the crystallization temperature, increase of the crystal growth rapidity, disappearance of the distinct α→α' polymorphic transition, reduction of the overall melting temperature, and segregation of the redundant monomer. Although the morphology of the crystalline phase has a major impact on the mechanical properties of PDX, the self-plasticization itself does not seem to result in any major changes in the magnitude, localization, or morphology of formed crystallites (these are primarily driven by the temperature of crystal growth). The manifestation of the variable activation energy concept is discussed for the present crystallization data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Svoboda
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice, 53210, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Machotová
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice, 53210, Czech Republic
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7
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Mubayi V, Ahern CB, Calusinska M, O'Malley MA. Toward a Circular Bioeconomy: Designing Microbes and Polymers for Biodegradation. ACS Synth Biol 2024. [PMID: 38918080 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Polymer production is rapidly increasing, but there are no large-scale technologies available to effectively mitigate the massive accumulation of these recalcitrant materials. One potential solution is the development of a carbon-neutral polymer life cycle, where microorganisms convert plant biomass to chemicals, which are used to synthesize biodegradable materials that ultimately contribute to the growth of new plants. Realizing a circular carbon life cycle requires the integration of knowledge across microbiology, bioengineering, materials science, and organic chemistry, which itself has hindered large-scale industrial advances. This review addresses the biodegradation status of common synthetic polymers, identifying novel microbes and enzymes capable of metabolizing these recalcitrant materials and engineering approaches to enhance their biodegradation pathways. Design considerations for the next generation of biodegradable polymers are also reviewed, and finally, opportunities to apply findings from lignocellulosic biodegradation to the design and biodegradation of similarly recalcitrant synthetic polymers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Mubayi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Colleen B Ahern
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Magdalena Calusinska
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Michelle A O'Malley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), Emeryville, California 94608, United States
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8
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Norton-Baker B, Denton MCR, Murphy NP, Fram B, Lim S, Erickson E, Gauthier NP, Beckham GT. Enabling high-throughput enzyme discovery and engineering with a low-cost, robot-assisted pipeline. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14449. [PMID: 38914665 PMCID: PMC11196671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64938-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
As genomic databases expand and artificial intelligence tools advance, there is a growing demand for efficient characterization of large numbers of proteins. To this end, here we describe a generalizable pipeline for high-throughput protein purification using small-scale expression in E. coli and an affordable liquid-handling robot. This low-cost platform enables the purification of 96 proteins in parallel with minimal waste and is scalable for processing hundreds of proteins weekly per user. We demonstrate the performance of this method with the expression and purification of the leading poly(ethylene terephthalate) hydrolases reported in the literature. Replicate experiments demonstrated reproducibility and enzyme purity and yields (up to 400 µg) sufficient for comprehensive analyses of both thermostability and activity, generating a standardized benchmark dataset for comparing these plastic-degrading enzymes. The cost-effectiveness and ease of implementation of this platform render it broadly applicable to diverse protein characterization challenges in the biological sciences.
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Grants
- DE-SC0022024 U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER), Genomic Science Program
- DE-SC0022024 U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER), Genomic Science Program
- DE-SC0022024 U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER), Genomic Science Program
- DE-SC0022024 U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER), Genomic Science Program
- DE-SC0022024 U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER), Genomic Science Program
- DE-AC36-08GO28308 Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technologies Office (AMMTO)
- DE-AC36-08GO28308 Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technologies Office (AMMTO)
- DE-AC36-08GO28308 Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technologies Office (AMMTO)
- DE-AC36-08GO28308 Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technologies Office (AMMTO)
- U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO)
- Bio-Optimized Technologies to keep Thermoplastics out of Landfills and the Environment (BOTTLE) Consortium
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna Norton-Baker
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
- BOTTLE Consortium, Golden, CO, USA
- Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Mackenzie C R Denton
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
- BOTTLE Consortium, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Natasha P Murphy
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
- BOTTLE Consortium, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Benjamin Fram
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel Lim
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erika Erickson
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
- BOTTLE Consortium, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Nicholas P Gauthier
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Gregg T Beckham
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA.
- BOTTLE Consortium, Golden, CO, USA.
- Agile BioFoundry, Emeryville, CA, USA.
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9
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Oh S, Stache EE. Recent advances in oxidative degradation of plastics. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 38884337 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00407h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative degradation is a powerful method to degrade plastics into oligomers and small oxidized products. While thermal energy has been conventionally employed as an external stimulus, recent advances in photochemistry have enabled photocatalytic oxidative degradation of polymers under mild conditions. This tutorial review presents an overview of oxidative degradation, from its earliest examples to emerging strategies. This review briefly discusses the motivation and the development of thermal oxidative degradation of polymers with a focus on underlying mechanisms. Then, we will examine modern studies primarily relevant to catalytic thermal oxidative degradation and photocatalytic oxidative degradation. Lastly, we highlight some unique studies using unconventional approaches for oxidative polymer degradation, such as electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sewon Oh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Erin E Stache
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.
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10
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Rong Z, Xu XW, Wu YH. Biodegradation of low-density polyethylene film by two bacteria isolated from plastic debris in coastal beach. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 278:116445. [PMID: 38733804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) conduces massive environmental accumulation due to its high production and recalcitrance to environment. In this study, We successfully enriched and isolated two strains, Nitratireductor sp. Z-1 and Gordonia sp. Z-2, from coastal plastic debris capable of degrading LDPE film. After a 30-day incubation at 30 ℃, strains Z-1 and Z-2 decreased the weight of branched-LDPE (BLDPE) film by 2.59 % and 10.27 % respectively. Furthermore, high temperature gel permeation chromatography (HT-GPC) analysis revealed molecular weight reductions of 7.69 % (Z-1) and 23.22 % (Z-2) in the BLDPE film. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image showed the presence of microbial colonization and perforations on the film's surface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis indicated novel functional groups, such as carbonyl and carbon-carbon double bonds in LDPE films. During LDPE degradation, both strains produced extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). GC-MS analysis revealed the degradation products included short-chain alkanes, alkanols, fatty acids, and esters. Genomic analysis identified numerous extracellular enzymes potentially involved in LDPE chain scission. A model was proposed suggesting a coordinated role between ROS and extracellular enzymes in the biodegradation of LDPE. This indicates strains Z-1 and Z-2 can degrade LDPE, providing a basis for deeper exploration of biodegradation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Rong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources & Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, PR China; School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Xue-Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources & Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, PR China; School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Yue-Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources & Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, PR China; School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
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11
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Zhang W, Killian L, Thevenon A. Electrochemical recycling of polymeric materials. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8606-8624. [PMID: 38873080 PMCID: PMC11168094 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01754d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymeric materials play a pivotal role in our modern world, offering a diverse range of applications. However, they have been designed with end-properties in mind over recyclability, leading to a crisis in their waste management. The recent emergence of electrochemical recycling methodologies for polymeric materials provides new perspectives on closing their life cycle, and to a larger extent, the plastic loop by transforming plastic waste into monomers, building blocks, or new polymers. In this context, we summarize electrochemical strategies developed for the recovery of building blocks, the functionalization of polymer chains as well as paired electrolysis and discuss how they can make an impact on plastic recycling, especially compared to traditional thermochemical approaches. Additionally, we explore potential directions that could revolutionize research in electrochemical plastic recycling, addressing associated challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhe Zhang
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Lars Killian
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Thevenon
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 Utrecht The Netherlands
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12
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Cui JY, Li TT, Chen L, Wang JJ. Advancing BiVO 4 Photoanode Activity for Ethylene Glycol Oxidation via Strategic pH Control. Molecules 2024; 29:2783. [PMID: 38930848 PMCID: PMC11206287 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The photoelectrochemical (PEC) conversion of organic small molecules offers a dual benefit of synthesizing value-added chemicals and concurrently producing hydrogen (H2). Ethylene glycol, with its dual hydroxyl groups, stands out as a versatile organic substrate capable of yielding various C1 and C2 chemicals. In this study, we demonstrate that pH modulation markedly enhances the photocurrent of BiVO4 photoanodes, thus facilitating the efficient oxidation of ethylene glycol while simultaneously generating H2. Our findings reveal that in a pH = 1 ethylene glycol solution, the photocurrent density at 1.23 V vs. RHE can attain an impressive 7.1 mA cm-2, significantly surpassing the outputs in neutral and highly alkaline environments. The increase in photocurrent is attributed to the augmented adsorption of ethylene glycol on BiVO4 under acidic conditions, which in turn elevates the activity of the oxidation reaction, culminating in the maximal production of formic acid. This investigation sheds light on the pivotal role of electrolyte pH in the PEC oxidation process and underscores the potential of the PEC strategy for biomass valorization into value-added products alongside H2 fuel generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; (J.-Y.C.); (T.-T.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Tian-Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; (J.-Y.C.); (T.-T.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; (J.-Y.C.); (T.-T.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Jian-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; (J.-Y.C.); (T.-T.L.); (L.C.)
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China
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13
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Meng XB, Zhou T, Yang C, Cheng XY, Wu XT, Shi C, Du FS, Li ZC. Thermally Stable and Chemically Recyclable Poly(ketal-ester)s Regulated by Floor Temperature. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15428-15437. [PMID: 38795044 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Chemical recycling to monomers (CRM) offers a promising closed-loop approach to transition from current linear plastic economy toward a more sustainable circular paradigm. Typically, this approach has focused on modulating the ceiling temperature (Tc) of monomers. Despite considerable advancements, polymers with low Tc often face challenges such as inadequate thermal stability, exemplified by poly(γ-butyrolactone) (PGBL) with a decomposition temperature of ∼200 °C. In contrast, floor temperature (Tf)-regulated polymers, particularly those synthesized via the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of macrolactones, inherently exhibit enhanced thermodynamic stability as the temperature increases. However, the development of those Tf regulated chemically recyclable polymers remains relatively underexplored. In this context, by judicious design and efficient synthesis of a biobased macrocyclic diester monomer (HOD), we developed a type of Tf -regulated closed-loop chemically recyclable poly(ketal-ester) (PHOD). First, the entropy-driven ROP of HOD generated high-molar mass PHOD with exceptional thermal stability with a Td,5% reaching up to 353 °C. Notably, it maintains a high Td,5% of 345 °C even without removing the polymerization catalyst. This contrasts markedly with PGBL, which spontaneously depolymerizes back to the monomer above its Tc in the presence of catalyst. Second, PHOD displays outstanding closed-loop chemical recyclability at room temperature within just 1 min with tBuOK. Finally, copolymerization of pentadecanolide (PDL) with HOD generated high-performance copolymers (PHOD-co-PPDL) with tunable mechanical properties and chemical recyclability of both components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Bin Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiang-Yue Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Changxia Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zi-Chen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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14
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Bergeson AR, Silvera AJ, Alper HS. Bottlenecks in biobased approaches to plastic degradation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4715. [PMID: 38830860 PMCID: PMC11148140 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Plastic waste is an environmental challenge, but also presents a biotechnological opportunity as a unique carbon substrate. With modern biotechnological tools, it is possible to enable both recycling and upcycling. To realize a plastics bioeconomy, significant intrinsic barriers must be overcome using a combination of enzyme, strain, and process engineering. This article highlights advances, challenges, and opportunities for a variety of common plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia R Bergeson
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ashli J Silvera
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Hal S Alper
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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15
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Yang J, Li Z, Xu Q, Liu W, Gao S, Qin P, Chen Z, Wang A. Towards carbon neutrality: Sustainable recycling and upcycling strategies and mechanisms for polyethylene terephthalate via biotic/abiotic pathways. ECO-ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH 2024; 3:117-130. [PMID: 38638172 PMCID: PMC11021832 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), one of the most ubiquitous engineering plastics, presents both environmental challenges and opportunities for carbon neutrality and a circular economy. This review comprehensively addressed the latest developments in biotic and abiotic approaches for PET recycling/upcycling. Biotically, microbial depolymerization of PET, along with the biosynthesis of reclaimed monomers [terephthalic acid (TPA), ethylene glycol (EG)] to value-added products, presents an alternative for managing PET waste and enables CO2 reduction. Abiotically, thermal treatments (i.e., hydrolysis, glycolysis, methanolysis, etc.) and photo/electrocatalysis, enabled by catalysis advances, can depolymerize or convert PET/PET monomers in a more flexible, simple, fast, and controllable manner. Tandem abiotic/biotic catalysis offers great potential for PET upcycling to generate commodity chemicals and alternative materials, ideally at lower energy inputs, greenhouse gas emissions, and costs, compared to virgin polymer fabrication. Remarkably, over 25 types of upgraded PET products (e.g., adipic acid, muconic acid, catechol, vanillin, and glycolic acid, etc.) have been identified, underscoring the potential of PET upcycling in diverse applications. Efforts can be made to develop chemo-catalytic depolymerization of PET, improve microbial depolymerization of PET (e.g., hydrolysis efficiency, enzymatic activity, thermal and pH level stability, etc.), as well as identify new microorganisms or hydrolases capable of degrading PET through computational and machine learning algorithms. Consequently, this review provides a roadmap for advancing PET recycling and upcycling technologies, which hold the potential to shape the future of PET waste management and contribute to the preservation of our ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Yang
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhiling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qiongying Xu
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenzong Liu
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shuhong Gao
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Peiwu Qin
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhenglin Chen
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Aijie Wang
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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16
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Zandieh M, Griffiths E, Waldie A, Li S, Honek J, Rezanezhad F, Van Cappellen P, Liu J. Catalytic and biocatalytic degradation of microplastics. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2024; 4:20230018. [PMID: 38939860 PMCID: PMC11189586 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20230018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a surge in annual plastic production, which has contributed to growing environmental challenges, particularly in the form of microplastics. Effective management of plastic and microplastic waste has become a critical concern, necessitating innovative strategies to address its impact on ecosystems and human health. In this context, catalytic degradation of microplastics emerges as a pivotal approach that holds significant promise for mitigating the persistent effects of plastic pollution. In this article, we critically explored the current state of catalytic degradation of microplastics and discussed the definition of degradation, characterization methods for degradation products, and the criteria for standard sample preparation. Moreover, the significance and effectiveness of various catalytic entities, including enzymes, transition metal ions (for the Fenton reaction), nanozymes, and microorganisms are summarized. Finally, a few key issues and future perspectives regarding the catalytic degradation of microplastics are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Zandieh
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
- Waterloo Institute for NanotechnologyUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
- Water InstituteUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
| | - Erin Griffiths
- Water InstituteUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
- Ecohydrology Research GroupDepartment of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
| | - Alexander Waldie
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
- Waterloo Institute for NanotechnologyUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
- Water InstituteUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
| | - Shuhuan Li
- Water InstituteUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
- Ecohydrology Research GroupDepartment of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
| | - John Honek
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
- Waterloo Institute for NanotechnologyUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
- Water InstituteUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
| | - Fereidoun Rezanezhad
- Water InstituteUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
- Ecohydrology Research GroupDepartment of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
| | - Philippe Van Cappellen
- Water InstituteUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
- Ecohydrology Research GroupDepartment of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
- Waterloo Institute for NanotechnologyUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
- Water InstituteUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
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17
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Wang K, Yuan F, Huang L. Recent Progresses and Challenges in Upcycling of Plastics through Selective Catalytic Oxidation. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300701. [PMID: 38409525 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Chemical upcycling of plastics provides an important direction for solving the challenging issues of plastic pollution and mitigating the wastage of carbon resources. Among them, catalytic oxidative cracking of plastics to produce high-value chemicals, such as catalytic oxidation of polyethylene (PE) to produce fatty dicarboxylic acids, catalytic oxidation of polystyrene (PS) to produce benzoic acid, and catalytic oxidation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) to produce terephthalic acid under mild conditions has attracted increasing attention, and some exciting progress has been made recently. In this article, we will review recent progresses on the catalytic oxidation upcycling of plastics and provide our understanding on the current challenges in catalytic oxidation upcycling of plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Wang
- Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Fan Yuan
- Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Lei Huang
- Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
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18
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Yan ZF, Feng CQ, Chen XQ, Jin CX, Xia W, Chen S, Wu J. Design and construction of chemical-biological module clusters for degradation and assimilation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) waste. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 361:121258. [PMID: 38815428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The rising accumulation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) waste presents an urgent ecological challenge, necessitating an efficient and economical treatment technology. Here, we developed chemical-biological module clusters that perform chemical pretreatment, enzymatic degradation, and microbial assimilation for the large-scale treatment of PET waste. This module cluster included (i) a chemical pretreatment that involves incorporating polycaprolactone (PCL) at a weight ratio of 2% (PET:PCL = 98:2) into PET via mechanical blending, which effectively reduces the crystallinity and enhances degradation; (ii) enzymatic degradation using Thermobifida fusca cutinase variant (4Mz), that achieves complete degradation of pretreated PET at 300 g/L PET, with an enzymatic loading of 1 mg protein per gram of PET; and (iii) microbial assimilation, where Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 metabolizes the degradation products, assimilating each monomer at a rate above 90%. A comparative life cycle assessment demonstrated that the carbon emissions from our module clusters (0.25 kg CO2-eq/kg PET) are lower than those from other established approaches. This study pioneers a closed-loop system that seamlessly incorporates pretreatment, degradation, and assimilation processes, thus mitigating the environmental impacts of PET waste and propelling the development of a circular PET economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Fei Yan
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Chu-Qi Feng
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chang-Xu Jin
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Wei Xia
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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19
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Wu XT, Yang C, Xi JS, Shi C, Du FS, Li ZC. Enabling Closed-Loop Circularity of "Non-Polymerizable" α, β-Conjugated Lactone Towards High-Performance Polyester with the Assistance of Cyclopentadiene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404179. [PMID: 38488293 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Chemical recycling of polymers to monomers presents a promising solution to the escalating crisis associated with plastic waste. Despite considerable progress made in this field, the primary efforts have been focused on redesigning new monomers to produce readily recyclable polymers. In contrast, limited research into the potential of seemingly "non-polymerizable" monomers has been conducted. Herein, we propose a paradigm that leverages a "chaperone"-assisted strategy to establish closed-loop circularity for a "non-polymerizable" α, β-conjugated lactone, 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one (DPO). The resulting PDPO, a structural analogue of poly(δ-valerolactone) (PVL), exhibits enhanced thermal properties with a melting point (Tm) of 114 °C and a decomposition temperature (Td,5%) of 305 °C. Notably, owing to the structural similarity between DPO and δ-VL, the copolymerization generates semi-crystalline P(DPO-co-VL)s irrespective of the DPO incorporation ratio. Intriguingly, the inherent C=C bonds in P(DPO-co-VL)s enable their convenient post-functionalization via Michael-addition reaction. Lastly, PDPO was demonstrated to be chemically recyclable via ring-closing metathesis (RCM), representing a significant step towards the pursuit of enabling the closed-loop circularity of "non-polymerizable" lactones without altering the ultimate polymer structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tong Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jian-Shu Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Changxia Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zi-Chen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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20
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Li J, Ma HP, Zhao G, Huang G, Sun W, Peng C. Plastic Waste Conversion by Leveraging Renewable Photo/Electro-Catalytic Technologies. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301352. [PMID: 38226954 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Plastics have revolutionized our lives; however, the exponential growth of their usage has led to a global crisis. More sustainable strategies are needed to address this dilemma and transform the plastics economy from a linearity to a circular model. Herein, we systematically summarize the recent progress in renewable energy-driven plastic conversion strategies, including photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and their integration. By introducing the significant works, the design principles, mechanisms, and system regulations, we decipher and compare the various aspects of plastic conversion. These approaches show high reactivity and selectivity under environmentally benign conditions and provide alternative reaction pathways for plastic conversion. Plastic upcycling as a chemical feedstock can yield value-added chemicals and fuels, contributing to the establishment of a sustainable and circular economy. Additionally, several innovations in reaction engineering and system designs are presented. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of sustainable energy-driven plastic conversion technologies are comprehensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Tiandi Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Peng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaan Xi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Guoping Zhao
- Zhejiang Tiandi Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Guangfa Huang
- Zhejiang Tiandi Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Chong Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
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21
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Martín-González D, de la Fuente Tagarro C, De Lucas A, Bordel S, Santos-Beneit F. Genetic Modifications in Bacteria for the Degradation of Synthetic Polymers: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5536. [PMID: 38791573 PMCID: PMC11121894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Synthetic polymers, commonly known as plastics, are currently present in all aspects of our lives. Although they are useful, they present the problem of what to do with them after their lifespan. There are currently mechanical and chemical methods to treat plastics, but these are methods that, among other disadvantages, can be expensive in terms of energy or produce polluting gases. A more environmentally friendly alternative is recycling, although this practice is not widespread. Based on the practice of the so-called circular economy, many studies are focused on the biodegradation of these polymers by enzymes. Using enzymes is a harmless method that can also generate substances with high added value. Novel and enhanced plastic-degrading enzymes have been obtained by modifying the amino acid sequence of existing ones, especially on their active site, using a wide variety of genetic approaches. Currently, many studies focus on the common aim of achieving strains with greater hydrolytic activity toward a different range of plastic polymers. Although in most cases the depolymerization rate is improved, more research is required to develop effective biodegradation strategies for plastic recycling or upcycling. This review focuses on a compilation and discussion of the most important research outcomes carried out on microbial biotechnology to degrade and recycle plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Martín-González
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (D.M.-G.); (A.D.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Carlos de la Fuente Tagarro
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (D.M.-G.); (A.D.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Andrea De Lucas
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (D.M.-G.); (A.D.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Sergio Bordel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (D.M.-G.); (A.D.L.); (S.B.)
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Fernando Santos-Beneit
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (D.M.-G.); (A.D.L.); (S.B.)
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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22
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Anh Nguyen TK, Trần-Phú T, Daiyan R, Minh Chau Ta X, Amal R, Tricoli A. From Plastic Waste to Green Hydrogen and Valuable Chemicals Using Sunlight and Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202401746. [PMID: 38757221 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Over 79 % of 6.3 billion tonnes of plastics produced from 1950 to 2015 have been disposed in landfills or found their way to the oceans, where they will reside for up to hundreds of years before being decomposed bringing upon significant dangers to our health and ecosystems. Plastic photoreforming offers an appealing alternative by using solar energy and water to transform plastic waste into value-added chemical commodities, while simultaneously producing green hydrogen via the hydrogen evolution reaction. This review aims to provide an overview of the underlying principles of emerging plastic photoreforming technologies, highlight the challenges associated with experimental protocols and performance assessments, discuss recent global breakthroughs on the photoreforming of plastics, and propose perspectives for future research. A critical assessment of current plastic photoreforming studies shows a lack of standardised conditions, hindering comparison amongst photocatalyst performance. Guidelines to establish a more accurate evaluation of materials and systems are proposed, with the aim to facilitate the translation of promising fundamental discovery in photocatalysts design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Kim Anh Nguyen
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Thành Trần-Phú
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Present address: Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Rahman Daiyan
- Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Xuan Minh Chau Ta
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rose Amal
- Particles and Catalysis Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Antonio Tricoli
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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23
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Tanaka S, Koga M, Kuragano T, Ogawa A, Ogiwara H, Sato K, Nakajima Y. Depolymerization of Polyester Fibers with Dimethyl Carbonate-Aided Methanolysis. ACS MATERIALS AU 2024; 4:335-345. [PMID: 38737120 PMCID: PMC11083123 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.3c00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Polyester fibers, comprising mostly poly(ethylene terephthalate) with high crystalline content, represent the most commonly produced plastic for ubiquitous textiles, and approximately 60 million tons are manufactured annually worldwide. Considering the social issues of mismanaged waste produced from used textile products, there is an urgent demand for sustainable waste polyester fiber recycling methods. We developed a low-temperature, rapid, and efficient depolymerization method for recycling polyester fibers. By utilizing methanolysis with dimethyl carbonate as a trapping agent for ethylene glycol, depolymerization of polyester fibers from textile products proceeded at 50 °C for 2 h, affording dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) in a >90% yield. This strategy allowed us to depolymerize even practical polyester textiles blended with other fibers to selectively isolate DMT in high yields. This method was also applicable for colored polyester textiles, and analytically pure DMT was isolated via depolymerization and decolorization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Tanaka
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
(AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Maito Koga
- Research
Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Takashi Kuragano
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
(AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Atsuko Ogawa
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
(AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hibiki Ogiwara
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
(AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Sato
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
(AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nakajima
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
(AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- School
of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo
Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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24
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Bozkurt OD, Toraman HE. Conversion of Polypropylene into Light Hydrocarbons and Aromatics by Metal Exchanged Zeolite Catalysts. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:9636-9650. [PMID: 38654550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Polyolefins can be converted into C2-C5 hydrocarbons and benzene-toluene-xylene (BTX) aromatics as high-demand petrochemical feedstocks via catalytic pyrolysis on acidic zeolites. Bro̷nsted and Lewis acid sites are responsible for cracking polyolefins into olefins and subsequent aromatic formation. In this study, we have subjected the parent HZSM-5 zeolite to postsynthetic partial metal exchange with Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Ce cations to perturb Bro̷nsted/Lewis acidity. We have investigated these metal-modified HZSM-5 on the catalytic pyrolysis of polypropylene (PP) in a micropyrolyzer connected to a two-dimensional gas chromatograph coupled to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer and flame ionization detector (Tandem Pyrolyzer-GC × GC-TOF-MS/FID setup). Whereas Fe-, Co-, Cu-, and Ce-exchanged zeolites (with 2.5, 2.3, 1.9, and 0.8 wt % metal, respectively) had comparable product yields with the parent zeolite, Ni-exchanged zeolites with Ni content of 0.5 to 2 wt % were associated with enhanced BTX formation (28-38 wt %) compared to that of the parent zeolite (22 wt %). Pyridine-FTIR indicated that the Bro̷nsted/Lewis acid ratio of the parent zeolite decreased upon metal ion exchange. According to Pyridine-TPD, the parent zeolite's medium-strength acid sites were redistributed into weak and strong acid sites in Ni-exchanged zeolites. The higher amount of carbon deposits on Ni-exchanged zeolites compared to the parent and other metal ion exchanged zeolites was attributed to the enhanced aromatization activity by the simultaneous decrease in the Bro̷nsted/Lewis acid ratio and emergence of strong acid sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Deniz Bozkurt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Hilal Ezgi Toraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Institute of Energy and the Environment, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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25
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Wang N, Liu J, Liu S, Liu G. Hydrodeoxygenation of Oxygen-Containing Aromatic Plastic Wastes into Cycloalkanes and Aromatics. Chempluschem 2024:e202400190. [PMID: 38698501 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Chemical recycling and upcycling offer promising approaches for the management of plastic wastes. Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is one of the appealing ways for conversion of oxygen-containing plastic wastes, including polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polycarbonate (PC), polyphenyl ether (PPO), and polyether ether ketone (PEEK), into cyclic alkanes and aromatics in high yields under mild reaction conditions. The challenge lies in achieving C-O activation while preserving C-C bonds. In this review, we highlight the recent advancements in catalytic strategies and catalysts for the conversion of these oxygen-containing plastic wastes into cycloalkanes and aromatics. The reaction systems, including multi-step routes, direct HDO and transfer HDO methods, are exemplified. The design and performance of HDO catalysts are systematically summarized and compared. We comprehensively discuss the functions of the catalysts' components, reaction pathway and mechanism to gain insights into the HDO process for efficient valorization of oxygen-containing plastic wastes. Finally, we provide perspectives for this field, with specific emphasis on the non-noble metal catalyst design, selectivity control, reaction network and mechanism studies, mixed plastic wastes management and product functionalization. We anticipate that this review will inspire innovations on the catalytic process development and rational catalyst design for the HDO of oxygen-containing aromatic plastics to establish a low-emission circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Jieyi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Sibao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, 300072, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Lab of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Guozhu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, 300072, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Lab of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
- Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, China
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26
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Gao L, Zhong X, Liu J, Chen J, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Wang D, Shakeri M, Zhang X, Zhang B. Selective Upcycling of Polyethylene over Ru/H-ZSM-5 Bifunctional Catalyst into High-Quality Liquid Fuel at Mild Conditions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400598. [PMID: 38697954 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
It has been known that plastics with undegradability and long half-times have caused serious environmental and ecological issues. Considering the devastating effects, the development of efficient plastic upcycling technologies with low energy consumption is absolutely imperative. Catalytic hydrogenolysis of single-use polyethylene over Ru-based catalysts to produce high-quality liquid fuel has been one of the current top priority strategies, but it is restricted by some tough challenges, such as the tendency towards methanation resulting from terminal C-C cleavage. Herein, we introduced Ru nanoparticles supported on hollow ZSM-5 zeolite (Ru/H-ZSM-5) for hydrocracking of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) under mild reaction conditions. The implication of experimental results is that the 1Ru/H-ZSM-5 (~1 wt % Ru) acted as an effective and reusable bifunctional catalyst providing higher conversion rate (82.53 %) and liquid fuel (C5-C21) yield (62.87 %). Detailed characterization demonstrated that the optimal performance in hydrocracking of PE could be attributed to the moderate acidity and appropriate positively charged Ru species resulting from the metal-zeolite interaction. This work proposes a promising catalyst for plastic upcycling and reveals its structure-performance relationship, which has guiding significance for catalyst design to improve the yield of high-value liquid fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Xia Zhong
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Junnan Chen
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Ziru Wang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun, 113001, China
| | - Deli Wang
- Bilahe Forestry Bureau Bilahe, 165474, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Mozaffar Shakeri
- Laboratory of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, 16363, Iran
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Bingsen Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
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27
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Wu Y, Hu Q, Che Y, Niu Z. Opportunities and challenges for plastic depolymerization by biomimetic catalysis. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6200-6217. [PMID: 38699266 PMCID: PMC11062090 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00070f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Plastic waste has imposed significant burdens on the environment. Chemical recycling allows for repeated regeneration of plastics without deterioration in quality, but often requires harsh reaction conditions, thus being environmentally unfriendly. Enzymatic catalysis offers a promising solution for recycling under mild conditions, but it faces inherent limitations such as poor stability, high cost, and narrow substrate applicability. Biomimetic catalysis may provide a new avenue by combining high enzyme-like activity with the stability of inorganic materials. Biomimetic catalysis has demonstrated great potential in biomass conversion and has recently shown promising progress in plastic degradation. This perspective discusses biomimetic catalysis for plastic degradation from two perspectives: the imitation of the active centers and the imitation of the substrate-binding clefts. Given the chemical similarity between biomass and plastics, relevant work is also included in the discussion to draw inspiration. We conclude this perspective by highlighting the challenges and opportunities in achieving sustainable plastic recycling via a biomimetic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Qikun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yizhen Che
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Zhiqiang Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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28
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Liu M, Wu X, Dyson PJ. Tandem catalysis enables chlorine-containing waste as chlorination reagents. Nat Chem 2024; 16:700-708. [PMID: 38396160 PMCID: PMC11087255 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01462-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Chlorinated compounds are ubiquitous. However, accumulation of chlorine-containing waste has a negative impact on human health and the environment due to the inapplicability of common disposal methods, such as landfill and incineration. Here we report a sustainable approach to valorize chlorine-containing hydrocarbon waste, including solids (chlorinated polymers) and liquids (chlorinated solvents), based on copper and palladium catalysts with a NaNO3 promoter. In the process, waste is oxidized to release the chlorine in the presence of N-directing arenes to afford valuable aryl chlorides, such as the FDA-approved drug vismodegib. The remaining hydrocarbon component is mineralized to afford CO, CO2 and H2O. Moreover, the CO and CO2 generated could be further utilized directly. Thus, chlorine-containing hydrocarbon waste, including mixed waste, can serve as chlorination reagents that neither generate hazardous by-products nor involve specialty chlorination reagents. This tandem catalytic approach represents a promising method for the viable management of a wide and diverse range of chlorine-containing hydrocarbon wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Liu
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xinbang Wu
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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29
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Vogt ETC, Weckhuysen BM. The refinery of the future. Nature 2024; 629:295-306. [PMID: 38720037 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07322-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Fossil fuels-coal, oil and gas-supply most of the world's energy and also form the basis of many products essential for everyday life. Their use is the largest contributor to the carbon dioxide emissions that drive global climate change, prompting joint efforts to find renewable alternatives that might enable a carbon-neutral society by as early as 2050. There are clear paths for renewable electricity to replace fossil-fuel-based energy, but the transport fuels and chemicals produced in oil refineries will still be needed. We can attempt to close the carbon cycle associated with their use by electrifying refinery processes and by changing the raw materials that go into a refinery from fossils fuels to carbon dioxide for making hydrocarbon fuels and to agricultural and municipal waste for making chemicals and polymers. We argue that, with sufficient long-term commitment and support, the science and technology for such a completely fossil-free refinery, delivering the products required after 2050 (less fuels, more chemicals), could be developed. This future refinery will require substantially larger areas and greater mineral resources than is the case at present and critically depends on the capacity to generate large amounts of renewable energy for hydrogen production and carbon dioxide capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eelco T C Vogt
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Bert M Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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30
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Rao X, Barros J. Modeling lignin biosynthesis: a pathway to renewable chemicals. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:546-559. [PMID: 37802691 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant biomass contains lignin that can be converted into high-value-added chemicals, fuels, and materials. The precise genetic manipulation of lignin content and composition in plant cells offers substantial environmental and economic benefits. However, the intricate regulatory mechanisms governing lignin formation challenge the development of crops with specific lignin profiles. Mathematical models and computational simulations have recently been employed to gain fundamental understanding of the metabolism of lignin and related phenolic compounds. This review article discusses the strategies used for modeling plant metabolic networks, focusing on the application of mathematical modeling for flux network analysis in monolignol biosynthesis. Furthermore, we highlight how current challenges might be overcome to optimize the use of metabolic modeling approaches for developing lignin-engineered plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Jaime Barros
- Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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31
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Zhang W, Yao H, Khare R, Zhang P, Yang B, Hu W, Ray D, Hu J, Camaioni DM, Wang H, Kim S, Lee MS, Sarazen ML, Chen JG, Lercher JA. Chloride and Hydride Transfer as Keys to Catalytic Upcycling of Polyethylene into Liquid Alkanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319580. [PMID: 38433092 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Transforming polyolefin waste into liquid alkanes through tandem cracking-alkylation reactions catalyzed by Lewis-acid chlorides offers an efficient route for single-step plastic upcycling. Lewis acids in dichloromethane establish a polar environment that stabilizes carbenium ion intermediates and catalyzes hydride transfer, enabling breaking of polyethylene C-C bonds and forming C-C bonds in alkylation. Here, we show that efficient and selective deconstruction of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) to liquid alkanes is achieved with anhydrous aluminum chloride (AlCl3) and gallium chloride (GaCl3). Already at 60 °C, complete LDPE conversion was achieved, while maintaining the selectivity for gasoline-range liquid alkanes over 70 %. AlCl3 showed an exceptional conversion rate of 5000g L D P E m o l c a t - 1 h - 1 ${{{\rm g}}_{{\rm L}{\rm D}{\rm P}{\rm E}}{{\rm \ }{\rm m}{\rm o}{\rm l}}_{{\rm c}{\rm a}{\rm t}}^{-1}{{\rm \ }{\rm h}}^{-1}}$ , surpassing other Lewis acid catalysts by two orders of magnitude. Through kinetic and mechanistic studies, we show that the rates of LDPE conversion do not correlate directly with the intrinsic strength of the Lewis acids or steric constraints that may limit the polymer to access the Lewis acid sites. Instead, the rates for the tandem processes of cracking and alkylation are primarily governed by the rates of initiation of carbenium ions and the subsequent intermolecular hydride transfer. Both jointly control the relative rates of cracking and alkylation, thereby determining the overall conversion and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Washington, 99354, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Hai Yao
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Rachit Khare
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Peiran Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Boda Yang
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Washington, 99354, USA
| | - Wenda Hu
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Washington, 99354, USA
| | - Debmalya Ray
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Washington, 99354, USA
| | - Jianzhi Hu
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Washington, 99354, USA
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164, USA
| | - Donald M Camaioni
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Washington, 99354, USA
| | - Huamin Wang
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Washington, 99354, USA
| | - Sungmin Kim
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Washington, 99354, USA
| | - Mal-Soon Lee
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Washington, 99354, USA
| | - Michele L Sarazen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA
| | - Jingguang G Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Johannes A Lercher
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Washington, 99354, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
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32
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Chu M, Wang X, Wang X, Xu P, Zhang L, Li S, Feng K, Zhong J, Wang L, Li Y, He L, Cao M, Zhang Q, Chi L, Chen J. Layered Double Hydroxide Derivatives for Polyolefin Upcycling. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10655-10665. [PMID: 38564662 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
While Ru-catalyzed hydrogenolysis holds significant promise in converting waste polyolefins into value-added alkane fuels, a major constraint is the high cost of noble metal catalysts. In this work, we propose, for the first time, that Co-based catalysts derived from CoAl-layered double hydroxide (LDH) are alternatives for efficient polyolefin hydrogenolysis. Leveraging the chemical flexibility of the LDH platform, we reveal that metallic Co species serve as highly efficient active sites for polyolefin hydrogenolysis. Furthermore, we introduced Ni into the Co framework to tackle the issue of restricted hydrogenation ability associated with contiguous Co-Co sites. In-situ analysis indicates that the integration of Ni induces electron transfer and facilitates hydrogen spillover. This dual effect synergistically enhances the hydrogenation/desorption of olefin intermediates, resulting in a significant reduction in the yield of low-value CH4 from 27.1 to 12.6%. Through leveraging the unique properties of LDH, we have developed efficient and cost-effective catalysts for the sustainable recycling and valorization of waste polyolefin materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Chu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xianpeng Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, P. R. China
| | - Xuchun Wang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Panpan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shengming Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Kun Feng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Youyong Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Le He
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Muhan Cao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, P. R. China
| | - Jinxing Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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33
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Liu J, Xin K, Zhang T, Wen Y, Li D, Wei R, Zhou J, Cui Z, Dong W, Jiang M. Identification and characterization of a fungal cutinase-like enzyme CpCut1 from Cladosporium sp. P7 for polyurethane degradation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0147723. [PMID: 38445906 PMCID: PMC11022569 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01477-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Plastic degradation by biological systems emerges as a prospective avenue for addressing the pressing global concern of plastic waste accumulation. The intricate chemical compositions and diverse structural facets inherent to polyurethanes (PU) substantially increase the complexity associated with PU waste management. Despite the extensive research endeavors spanning over decades, most known enzymes exhibit a propensity for hydrolyzing waterborne PU dispersion (i.e., the commercial Impranil DLN-SD), with only a limited capacity for the degradation of bulky PU materials. Here, we report a novel cutinase (CpCut1) derived from Cladosporium sp. P7, which demonstrates remarkable efficiency in the degrading of various polyester-PU materials. After 12-h incubation at 55°C, CpCut1 was capable of degrading 40.5% and 20.6% of thermoplastic PU film and post-consumer foam, respectively, while achieving complete depolymerization of Impranil DLN-SD. Further analysis of the degradation intermediates suggested that the activity of CpCut1 primarily targeted the ester bonds within the PU soft segments. The versatile performance of CpCut1 against a spectrum of polyester-PU materials positions it as a promising candidate for the bio-recycling of waste plastics.IMPORTANCEPolyurethane (PU) has a complex chemical composition that frequently incorporates a variety of additives, which poses significant obstacles to biodegradability and recyclability. Recent advances have unveiled microbial degradation and enzymatic depolymerization as promising waste PU disposal strategies. In this study, we identified a gene encoding a cutinase from the PU-degrading fungus Cladosporium sp. P7, which allowed the expression, purification, and characterization of the recombinant enzyme CpCut1. Furthermore, this study identified the products derived from the CpCut1 catalyzed PU degradation and proposed its underlying mechanism. These findings highlight the potential of this newly discovered fungal cutinase as a remarkably efficient tool in the degradation of PU materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Waste Plastics Biocatalytic Degradation and Recycling, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaiyuan Xin
- Key Laboratory for Waste Plastics Biocatalytic Degradation and Recycling, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Waste Plastics Biocatalytic Degradation and Recycling, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Wen
- Key Laboratory for Waste Plastics Biocatalytic Degradation and Recycling, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ding Li
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ren Wei
- Junior Research Group Plastic Biodegradation, Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Waste Plastics Biocatalytic Degradation and Recycling, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongli Cui
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiliang Dong
- Key Laboratory for Waste Plastics Biocatalytic Degradation and Recycling, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Waste Plastics Biocatalytic Degradation and Recycling, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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Zheng L, Wang M, Li Y, Xiong Y, Wu C. Recycling and Degradation of Polyamides. Molecules 2024; 29:1742. [PMID: 38675560 PMCID: PMC11052090 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
As one of the five major engineering plastics, polyamide brings many benefits to humans in the fields of transportation, clothing, entertainment, health, and more. However, as the production of polyamide increases year by year, the pollution problems it causes are becoming increasingly severe. This article reviews the current recycling and treatment processes of polyamide, such as chemical, mechanical, and energy recovery, and degradation methods such as thermal oxidation, photooxidation, enzyme degradation, etc. Starting from the synthesis mechanism of polyamide, it discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different treatment methods of polyamide to obtain more environmentally friendly and economical treatment schemes. Finding enzymes that can degrade high-molecular-weight polyamides, exploring the recovery of polyamides under mild conditions, synthesizing environmentally degradable polyamides through copolymerization or molecular design, and finally preparing degradable bio-based polyamides may be the destination of polyamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zheng
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-Weight Materials and Processing, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (L.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Mengjin Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-Weight Materials and Processing, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (L.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yaoqin Li
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-Weight Materials and Processing, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (L.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yan Xiong
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-Weight Materials and Processing, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (L.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.)
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang 441000, China
| | - Chonggang Wu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-Weight Materials and Processing, New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (L.Z.); (M.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.X.)
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang 441000, China
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35
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Liu Q, Xie M, Wang C, Deng M, Li P, Yang X, Zhao N, Huang C, Zhang X. Rapid Preparation Triggered by Visible Light for Tough Hydrogel Sensors with Low Hysteresis and High Elasticity: Mechanism, Use and Recycle-by-Design. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2311647. [PMID: 38593379 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels have emerged as promising candidates for flexible devices and water resource management. However, further applications of conventional hydrogels are restricted due to their limited performance and lack of a recycling strategy. Herein, a tough, flexible, and recyclable hydrogel sensor via a visible-light-triggered polymerization is rapidly created. The Zn2+ crosslinked terpolymer is in situ polymerized using g-C3N4 as the sole initiator to form in situ chain entanglements, endowing the hydrogels with low hysteresis and high elasticity. In the use phase, the hydrogel sensor exhibited high ion conductivity, excellent mechanical properties, fast responsiveness, high sensitivity, and remarkable anti-fatigue ability, making it exceptionally effective in accurately monitoring complex human movements. At the end-of-life (EOL), leveraging the synergy between the photodegradation capacity of g-C3N4 and the adsorption function of the hydrogel matrix, the post-consumer hydrogel is converted into water remediation materials, which not only promoted the rapid degradation of organic pollutants, but also facilitated collection and reuse. This innovative strategy combined in situ entangling reinforcement and tailored recycle-by-design that employed g-C3N4 as key blocks in the hydrogel to achieve high performance in the use phase and close the loop through the reutilization at EOL, highlighting the cost-effective synthesis, specialized structure, and life cycle management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637002, China
| | - Mingwei Xie
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637002, China
| | - Chenghao Wang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637002, China
| | - Mingming Deng
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637002, China
| | - Ping Li
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637002, China
| | - Xulin Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan Province Engineering Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Nihui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637002, China
| | - Chi Huang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637002, China
| | - Xinghua Zhang
- School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
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36
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Ximenis M, Monot J, Gabirondo E, Jeschke J, Martín-Vaca B, Bourissou D, Sardon H. Boosting the Reactivity of Bis-Lactones to Enable Step-Growth Polymerization at Room Temperature. Macromolecules 2024; 57:3319-3327. [PMID: 38616811 PMCID: PMC11008534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c02527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The development of new sustainable polymeric materials endowed with improved performances but minimal environmental impact is a major concern, with polyesters as primary targets. Lactones are key monomers thanks to ring-opening polymerization, but their use in step-growth polymerization has remained scarce and challenging. Herein, we report a powerful bis(γ-lactone) (γSL) that was efficiently prepared on a gram scale from malonic acid by Pd-catalyzed cycloisomerization. The γ-exomethylene moieties and the spiro structure greatly enhance its reactivity toward ring-opening and enable step-growth polymerization under mild conditions. Using diols, dithiols, or diamines as comonomers, a variety of regioregular (AB)n copolymers with diverse linkages and functional groups (from oxo-ester to β-thioether lactone and β-hydroxy-lactame) have been readily prepared. Reaction modeling and monitoring revealed the occurrence of an original trans-lactonization process following the first ring-opening of γSL. This peculiar reactivity opens the way to regioregular (ABAC)n terpolymers, as illustrated by the successive step-growth polymerization of γSL with a diol and a diamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ximenis
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center Avda. Tolosa
72, 20018 Donostia-San
Sebastian, Spain
| | - Julien Monot
- Laboratoire
Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), Université de Toulouse (UPS), CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Elena Gabirondo
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center Avda. Tolosa
72, 20018 Donostia-San
Sebastian, Spain
| | - Janna Jeschke
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center Avda. Tolosa
72, 20018 Donostia-San
Sebastian, Spain
| | - Blanca Martín-Vaca
- Laboratoire
Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), Université de Toulouse (UPS), CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Didier Bourissou
- Laboratoire
Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), Université de Toulouse (UPS), CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT
and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials/Physics, Chemistry
and Technology, University of the Basque
Country UPV/EHU, Joxe
Mari Korta Center Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
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37
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Shi C, Rorrer NA, Shaw AL, Clarke RW, Buss BL, Beckham GT, Broadbelt LJ, Chen EYX. Topology-Accelerated and Selective Cascade Depolymerization of Architecturally Complex Polyesters. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9261-9271. [PMID: 38517949 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Despite considerable recent advances already made in developing chemically circular polymers (CPs), the current framework predominantly focuses on CPs with linear-chain structures of different monomer types. As polymer properties are determined by not only composition but also topology, manipulating the topology of the single-monomer-based CP systems from linear-chain structures to architecturally complex polymers could potentially modulate the resulting polymer properties without changing the chemical composition, thereby advancing the concept of monomaterial product design. To that end, here, we introduce a chemically circular hyperbranched polyester (HBPE), synthesized by a mixed chain-growth and step-growth polymerization of a rationally designed bicyclic lactone with a pendent hydroxyl group (BiLOH). This HBPE exhibits full chemical recyclability despite its architectural complexity, showing quantitative selectivity for regeneration of BiLOH, via a unique cascade depolymerization mechanism. Moreover, distinct differences in materials properties and performance arising from topological variations between HBPE, hb-PBiLOH, and its linear analogue, l-PBiLOH, have been revealed where generally the branched structure led to more favorable interchain interactions, and topology-amplified optical activity has also been observed for chiral (1S, 4S, 5S)-hb-PBiLOH. More intriguingly, depolymerization of l-PBiLOH proceeds through an unexpected, initial topological transformation to the HBPE polymer, followed by the faster cascade depolymerization pathway adopted by hb-PBiLOH. Overall, these results demonstrate that CP design can go beyond typical linear polymers, and rationally redesigned, architecturally complex polymers for their unique properties may synergistically impart advantages in topology-augmented depolymerization acceleration and selectivity for exclusive monomer regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxia Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Nicholas A Rorrer
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- BOTTLE Consortium, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Alexander L Shaw
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ryan W Clarke
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- BOTTLE Consortium, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Bonnie L Buss
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- BOTTLE Consortium, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Gregg T Beckham
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- BOTTLE Consortium, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Linda J Broadbelt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
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38
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Cleary SR, Starace AK, Curran-Velasco CC, Ruddy DA, McGuirk CM. The Overlooked Potential of Sulfated Zirconia: Reexamining Solid Superacidity Toward the Controlled Depolymerization of Polyolefins. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:6612-6653. [PMID: 38509763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Closed-loop recycling via an efficient chemical process can help alleviate the global plastic waste crisis. However, conventional depolymerization methods for polyolefins, which compose more than 50% of plastics, demand high temperatures and pressures, employ precious noble metals, and/or yield complex mixtures of products limited to single-use fuels or oils. Superacidic forms of sulfated zirconia (SZrO) with Hammet Acidity Functions (H0) ≤ - 12 (i.e., stronger than 100% H2SO4) are industrially deployed heterogeneous catalysts capable of activating hydrocarbons under mild conditions and are shown to decompose polyolefins at temperatures near 200 °C and ambient pressure. Additionally, confinement of active sites in porous supports is known to radically increase selectivity, coking and sintering resistance, and acid site activity, presenting a possible approach to low-energy polyolefin depolymerization. However, a critical examination of the literature on SZrO led us to a surprising conclusion: despite 40 years of catalytic study, engineering, and industrial use, the surface chemistry of SZrO is poorly understood. Ostensibly spurred by SZrO's impressive catalytic activity, the application-driven study of SZrO has resulted in deleterious ambiguity in requisite synthetic conditions for superacidity and insufficient characterization of acidity, porosity, and active site structure. This ambiguity has produced significant knowledge gaps surrounding the synthesis, structure, and mechanisms of hydrocarbon activation for optimized SZrO, stunting the potential of this catalyst in olefin cracking and other industrially relevant reactions, such as isomerization, esterification, and alkylation. Toward mitigating these long extant issues, we herein identify and highlight these current shortcomings and knowledge gaps, propose explicit guidelines for characterization of and reporting on characterization of solid acidity, and discuss the potential of pore-confined superacids in the efficient and selective depolymerization of polyolefins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R Cleary
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Anne K Starace
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Caleb C Curran-Velasco
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Daniel A Ruddy
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - C Michael McGuirk
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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39
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Obrador‐Viel T, Zadjelovic V, Nogales B, Bosch R, Christie‐Oleza JA. Assessing microbial plastic degradation requires robust methods. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14457. [PMID: 38568802 PMCID: PMC10990042 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Plastics are versatile materials that have the potential to propel humanity towards circularity and ultimate societal sustainability. However, the escalating concern surrounding plastic pollution has garnered significant attention, leading to widespread negative perceptions of these materials. Here, we question the role microbes may play in plastic pollution bioremediation by (i) defining polymer biodegradability (i.e., recalcitrant, hydrolysable and biodegradable polymers) and (ii) reviewing best practices for evaluating microbial biodegradation of plastics. We establish recommendations to facilitate the implementation of rigorous methodologies in future studies on plastic biodegradation, aiming to push this field towards the use of isotopic labelling to confirm plastic biodegradation and further determine the molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinko Zadjelovic
- Centro de Bioinnovación de Antofagasta (CBIA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos BiológicosUniversidad de AntofagastaAntofagastaChile
- Centre for Biotechnology & Bioengineering (CeBiB)SantiagoChile
| | - Balbina Nogales
- Department of BiologyUniversity of the Balearic IslandsPalmaSpain
| | - Rafael Bosch
- Department of BiologyUniversity of the Balearic IslandsPalmaSpain
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40
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Deng Y, Zhang Q, Feringa BL. Dynamic Chemistry Toolbox for Advanced Sustainable Materials. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308666. [PMID: 38321810 PMCID: PMC11005721 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Developing dynamic chemistry for polymeric materials offers chemical solutions to solve key problems associated with current plastics. Mechanical performance and dynamic function are equally important in material design because the former determines the application scope and the latter enables chemical recycling and hence sustainability. However, it is a long-term challenge to balance the subtle trade-off between mechanical robustness and dynamic properties in a single material. The rise of dynamic chemistry, including supramolecular and dynamic covalent chemistry, provides many opportunities and versatile molecular tools for designing constitutionally dynamic materials that can adapt, repair, and recycle. Facing the growing social need for developing advanced sustainable materials without compromising properties, recent progress showing how the toolbox of dynamic chemistry can be explored to enable high-performance sustainable materials by molecular engineering strategies is discussed here. The state of the art and recent milestones are summarized and discussed, followed by an outlook toward future opportunities and challenges present in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Deng
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CenterSchool of Chemistry and Technology130 Meilong RoadShanghai200237China
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsFaculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 4Groningen9747 AGThe Netherlands
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CenterSchool of Chemistry and Technology130 Meilong RoadShanghai200237China
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsFaculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 4Groningen9747 AGThe Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CenterSchool of Chemistry and Technology130 Meilong RoadShanghai200237China
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsFaculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 4Groningen9747 AGThe Netherlands
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41
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Li Y, Wang S, Qian S, Liu Z, Weng Y, Zhang Y. Depolymerization and Re/Upcycling of Biodegradable PLA Plastics. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:13509-13521. [PMID: 38559974 PMCID: PMC10976375 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
With the escalating utilization of plastic products, global attention has been increasingly drawn to environmental pollution and recycling challenges stemming from plastic waste. Against this backdrop, biodegradable plastics have emerged as viable alternatives owing to their sustainability and capacity for biodegradation. Polylactic acid (PLA) presently commands the largest market share among biodegradable plastics, finding extensive application in products such as thin films, medical materials, and biodegradable straws. However, the widespread adoption of PLA is hindered by challenges such as high cost, low recycling rates, and complete degradation to H2O and CO2 in natural conditions. Therefore, it is imperative and time-sensitive to explore solutions for the depolymerization and re/upcycling of PLA waste plastics. This review comprehensively outlines the current landscape of PLA recycling methods, emphasizing the advantages and significance of chemical re/upcycling. The subsequent exploration encompasses recent breakthroughs and technical obstacles inherent in diverse chemical depolymerization methods. Ultimately, this review accentuates the impediments and forthcoming possibilities in the realm of PLA plastics, emphasizing the pursuit of closed-loop recycling and upcycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- YingChao Li
- College of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic
University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic
University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Song Qian
- College of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic
University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Zhijie Liu
- College of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic
University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Yujing Weng
- College of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic
University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Yulong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic
University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
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42
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Choi J, Kim H, Ahn YR, Kim M, Yu S, Kim N, Lim SY, Park JA, Ha SJ, Lim KS, Kim HO. Recent advances in microbial and enzymatic engineering for the biodegradation of micro- and nanoplastics. RSC Adv 2024; 14:9943-9966. [PMID: 38528920 PMCID: PMC10961967 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00844h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This review examines the escalating issue of plastic pollution, specifically highlighting the detrimental effects on the environment and human health caused by microplastics and nanoplastics. The extensive use of synthetic polymers such as polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polystyrene (PS) has raised significant environmental concerns because of their long-lasting and non-degradable characteristics. This review delves into the role of enzymatic and microbial strategies in breaking down these polymers, showcasing recent advancements in the field. The intricacies of enzymatic degradation are thoroughly examined, including the effectiveness of enzymes such as PETase and MHETase, as well as the contribution of microbial pathways in breaking down resilient polymers into more benign substances. The paper also discusses the impact of chemical composition on plastic degradation kinetics and emphasizes the need for an approach to managing the environmental impact of synthetic polymers. The review highlights the significance of comprehending the physical characteristics and long-term impacts of micro- and nanoplastics in different ecosystems. Furthermore, it points out the environmental and health consequences of these contaminants, such as their ability to cause cancer and interfere with the endocrine system. The paper emphasizes the need for advanced analytical methods and effective strategies for enzymatic degradation, as well as continued research and development in this area. This review highlights the crucial role of enzymatic and microbial strategies in addressing plastic pollution and proposes methods to create effective and environmentally friendly solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Choi
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
| | - Hongbin Kim
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
| | - Yu-Rim Ahn
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
| | - Minse Kim
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
| | - Seona Yu
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
| | - Nanhyeon Kim
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
| | - Su Yeon Lim
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
| | - Jeong-Ann Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Jin Ha
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
| | - Kwang Suk Lim
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
| | - Hyun-Ouk Kim
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
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43
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Clark R, Shaver MP. Depolymerization within a Circular Plastics System. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2617-2650. [PMID: 38386877 PMCID: PMC10941197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The societal importance of plastics contrasts with the carelessness with which they are disposed. Their superlative properties lead to economic and environmental efficiency, but the linearity of plastics puts the climate, human health, and global ecosystems at risk. Recycling is fundamental to transitioning this linear model into a more sustainable, circular economy. Among recycling technologies, chemical depolymerization offers a route to virgin quality recycled plastics, especially when valorizing complex waste streams poorly served by mechanical methods. However, chemical depolymerization exists in a complex and interlinked system of end-of-life fates, with the complementarity of each approach key to environmental, economic, and societal sustainability. This review explores the recent progress made into the depolymerization of five commercial polymers: poly(ethylene terephthalate), polycarbonates, polyamides, aliphatic polyesters, and polyurethanes. Attention is paid not only to the catalytic technologies used to enhance depolymerization efficiencies but also to the interrelationship with other recycling technologies and to the systemic constraints imposed by a global economy. Novel polymers, designed for chemical depolymerization, are also concisely reviewed in terms of their underlying chemistry and potential for integration with current plastic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbie
A. Clark
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
- Sustainable
Materials Innovation Hub, Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Michael P. Shaver
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
- Sustainable
Materials Innovation Hub, Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
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44
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Hu P, Zhang C, Chu M, Wang X, Wang L, Li Y, Yan T, Zhang L, Ding Z, Cao M, Xu P, Li Y, Cui Y, Zhang Q, Chen J, Chi L. Stable Interfacial Ruthenium Species for Highly Efficient Polyolefin Upcycling. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7076-7087. [PMID: 38428949 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The present polyolefin hydrogenolysis recycling cases acknowledge that zerovalent Ru exhibits high catalytic activity. A pivotal rationale behind this assertion lies in the propensity of the majority of Ru species to undergo reduction to zerovalent Ru within the hydrogenolysis milieu. Nonetheless, the suitability of zerovalent Ru as an optimal structural configuration for accommodating multiple elementary reactions remains ambiguous. Here, we have constructed stable Ru0-Ruδ+ complex species, even under reaction conditions, through surface ligand engineering of commercially available Ru/C catalysts. Our findings unequivocally demonstrate that surface-ligated Ru species can be stabilized in the form of a Ruδ+ state, which, in turn, engenders a perturbation of the σ bond electron distribution within the polyolefin carbon chain, ultimately boosting the rate-determining step of C-C scission. The optimized catalysts reach a solid conversion rate of 609 g·gRu-1·h-1 for polyethylene. This achievement represents a 4.18-fold enhancement relative to the pristine Ru/C catalyst while concurrently preserving a remarkable 94% selectivity toward valued liquid alkanes. Of utmost significance, this surface ligand engineering can be extended to the gentle mixing of catalysts in ligand solution at room temperature, thus rendering it amenable for swift integration into industrial processes involving polyolefin degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Congyang Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Mingyu Chu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xianpeng Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, P. R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Youyong Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, P. R. China
| | - Tianran Yan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Muhan Cao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Panpan Xu
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Li
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yi Cui
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jinxing Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, P. R. China
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45
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Lv H, Huang F, Zhang F. Upcycling Waste Plastics with a C-C Backbone by Heterogeneous Catalysis. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:5077-5089. [PMID: 38358312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Plastics with an inert carbon-carbon (C-C) backbone, such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), are the most widely used types of plastic in human activities. However, many of these polymers were directly discarded in nature after use, and few were appropriately recycled. This not only threatens the natural environment but also leads to the waste of carbon resources. Conventional chemical recycling of these plastics, including pyrolysis and catalytic cracking, requires a high energy input due to the chemical inertness of C-C bonds and C-H bonds and leads to complex product distribution. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the development of catalysts and the introduction of small molecules as additional coreactants, which could potentially overcome these challenges. In this Review, we summarize and highlight catalytic strategies that address these issues in upcycling C-C backbone plastics with small molecules, particularly in heterogeneous catalysis. We believe that this review will inspire the development of upcycling methods for C-C backbone plastics using small molecules and heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidong Lv
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan People's Republic of China
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46
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Cheng J, Xie J, Xi Y, Wu X, Zhang R, Mao Z, Yang H, Li Z, Li C. Selective Upcycling of Polyethylene Terephthalate towards High-valued Oxygenated Chemical Methyl p-Methyl Benzoate using a Cu/ZrO 2 Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319896. [PMID: 38197522 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Upgrading of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste into valuable oxygenated molecules is a fascinating process, yet it remains challenging. Herein, we developed a two-step strategy involving methanolysis of PET to dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), followed by hydrogenation of DMT to produce the high-valued chemical methyl p-methyl benzoate (MMB) using a fixed-bed reactor and a Cu/ZrO2 catalyst. Interestingly, we discovered the phase structure of ZrO2 significantly regulates the selectivity of products. Cu supported on monoclinic ZrO2 (5 %Cu/m-ZrO2 ) exhibits an exceptional selectivity of 86 % for conversion of DMT to MMB, while Cu supported on tetragonal ZrO2 (5 %Cu/t-ZrO2 ) predominantly produces p-xylene (PX) with selectivity of 75 %. The superior selectivity of MMB over Cu/m-ZrO2 can be attributed to the weaker acid sites present on m-ZrO2 compared to t-ZrO2 . This weak acidity of m-ZrO2 leads to a moderate adsorption capability of MMB, and facilitating its desorption. Furthermore, DFT calculations reveal Cu/m-ZrO2 catalyst shows a higher effective energy barrier for cleavage of second C-O bond compared to Cu/t-ZrO2 catalyst; this distinction ensures the high selectivity of MMB. This catalyst not only presents an approach for upgrading of PET waste into fine chemicals but also offers a strategy for controlling the primary product in a multistep hydrogenation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianian Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis, Gansu Province, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Jin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis, Gansu Province, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Yongjie Xi
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, China
| | - Xiaojing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis, Gansu Province, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Ruihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis, Gansu Province, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Zhihe Mao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis, Gansu Province, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Hongfang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis, Gansu Province, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Zelong Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis, Gansu Province, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Can Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis, Gansu Province, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
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47
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Lou X, Liu F, Li Q, Chu M, Wang G, Chen J, Cao M. Advances in solar-driven, electro/photoelectrochemical, and microwave-assisted upcycling of waste polyesters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2828-2838. [PMID: 38362916 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05930h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Plastic waste in the environment causes significant environmental pollution. The potential of using chemical methods for upcycling plastic waste offers a dual solution to ensure resource sustainability and environmental restoration. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the latest technologies driven by solar-driven, electro/photoelectrochemical-catalytic, and microwave-assisted methods for the conversion of plastics into various valuable chemicals. It emphasizes selective conversion during the plastic transformation process, elucidates reaction pathways, and optimizes product selectivity. Finally, the article offers insights into the future developments of chemical upcycling of polyesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxi Lou
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Fangyue Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qingye Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Mingyu Chu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guiling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Jinxing Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Muhan Cao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
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48
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Zhao B, Tan H, Yang J, Zhang X, Yu Z, Sun H, Wei J, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Chen L, Yang D, Deng J, Fu Y, Huang Z, Jiao N. Catalytic conversion of mixed polyolefins under mild atmospheric pressure. Innovation (N Y) 2024; 5:100586. [PMID: 38414518 PMCID: PMC10897897 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2024.100586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The chemical recycling of polyolefin presents a considerable challenge, especially as upcycling methods struggle with the reality that plastic wastes typically consist of mixtures of polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), and polypropylene (PP). We report a catalytic aerobic oxidative approach for polyolefins upcycling with the corresponding carboxylic acids as the product. This method encompasses three key innovations. First, it operates under atmospheric pressure and mild conditions, using O2 or air as the oxidant. Second, it is compatible with high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, PS, PP, and their blends. Third, it uses an economical and recoverable metal catalyst. It has been demonstrated that this approach can efficiently degrade mixed wastes of plastic bags, bottles, masks, and foam boxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binzhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hui Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zidi Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hanli Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jialiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lili Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dali Yang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jin Deng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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49
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Rani S, Aslam S, Lal K, Noreen S, Alsader KAM, Hussain R, Shirinfar B, Ahmed N. Electrochemical C-H/C-C Bond Oxygenation: A Potential Technology for Plastic Depolymerization. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300331. [PMID: 38063812 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we provide eco-friendly and safely operated electrocatalytic methods for the selective oxidation directly or with water, air, light, metal catalyst or other mediators serving as the only oxygen supply. Heavy metals, stoichiometric chemical oxidants, or harsh conditions were drawbacks of earlier oxidative cleavage techniques. It has recently come to light that a crucial stage in the deconstruction of plastic waste and the utilization of biomass is the selective activation of inert C(sp3 )-C/H(sp3 ) bonds, which continues to be a significant obstacle in the chemical upcycling of resistant polyolefin waste. An appealing alternative to chemical oxidations using oxygen and catalysts is direct or indirect electrochemical conversion. An essential transition in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries is the electrochemical oxidation of C-H/C-C bonds. In this review, we discuss cutting-edge approaches to chemically recycle commercial plastics and feasible C-C/C-H bonds oxygenation routes for industrial scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Rani
- Department of Chemistry, The Women University Multan, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Samina Aslam
- Department of Chemistry, The Women University Multan, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Kiran Lal
- Department of Chemistry, The Women University Multan, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Noreen
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | | | - Riaz Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education Lahore, D.G. Khan Campus, 32200, Pakistan
| | - Bahareh Shirinfar
- West Herts College - University of Hertfordshire, Watford, WD17 3EZ, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nisar Ahmed
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
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50
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Liu S, He Y, Zhang W, Fu T, Wang L, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Sun H, Zhao H. Self-Cascade Ce-MOF-818 Nanozyme for Sequential Hydrolysis and Oxidation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306522. [PMID: 37884468 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Mimicking efficient biocatalytic cascades using nanozymes has gained enormous attention in catalytic chemistry, but it remains challenging to develop a nanozyme-based cascade system to sequentially perform the desired reactions. Particularly, the integration of sequential hydrolysis and oxidation reactions into nanozyme-based cascade systems has not yet been achieved, despite their significant roles in various domains. Herein, a self-cascade Ce-MOF-818 nanozyme for sequential hydrolysis and oxidation reactions is developed. Ce-MOF-818 is the first Ce(IV)-based heterometallic metal-organic framework constructed through the coordination of Ce and Cu to distinct groups. It is successfully synthesized using an improved solvothermal method, overcoming the challenge posed by the significant difference in the binding speeds of Ce and Cu to ligands. With excellent organophosphate hydrolase-like (Km = 42.3 µM, Kcat = 0.0208 min-1 ) and catechol oxidase-like (Km = 2589 µM, Kcat = 1.25 s-1 ) activities attributed to its bimetallic active centers, Ce-MOF-818 serves as a promising self-cascade platform for sequential hydrolysis and oxidation. Notably, its catalytic efficiency surpasses that of physically mixed nanozymes by approximately fourfold, owning to the close integration of active sites. The developed hydrolysis-oxidation self-cascade nanozyme has promising potential applications in catalytic chemistry and provides valuable insights into the rational design of nanozyme-based cascade systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yang He
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Weikun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tao Fu
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Liangjie Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yi Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hao Sun
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Huazhang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
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