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Ouyang P, Cheng B, He X, Lou J, Li X, Guo H, Xu F. Navigating the biophysical landscape: how physical cues steer the journey of bone metastatic tumor cells. Trends Cancer 2024:S2405-8033(24)00143-2. [PMID: 39127608 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Many tumors prefer to metastasize to bone, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The human skeletal system has unique physical properties, that are distinct from other organs, which play a key role in directing the behavior of tumor cells within bone. Understanding the physical journey of tumor cells within bone is crucial. In this review we discuss bone metastasis in the context of how physical cues in the bone vasculature and bone marrow niche regulate the fate of tumor cells. Our objective is to inspire innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for bone metastasis from a mechanobiological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengrong Ouyang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, P.R. China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China; TFX Group-Xi'an Jiaotong University Institute of Life Health, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Xijing He
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, P.R. China; Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China.
| | - Jiatao Lou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaokang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, P.R. China.
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, P.R. China.
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China.
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2
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Dancy C, Heintzelman KE, Katt ME. The Glycocalyx: The Importance of Sugar Coating the Blood-Brain Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8404. [PMID: 39125975 PMCID: PMC11312458 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx (GCX), located on the luminal surface of vascular endothelial cells, is composed of glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans. It plays a pivotal role in maintaining blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and vascular health within the central nervous system (CNS), influencing critical processes such as blood flow regulation, inflammation modulation, and vascular permeability. While the GCX is ubiquitously expressed on the surface of every cell in the body, the GCX at the BBB is highly specialized, with a distinct composition of glycans, physical structure, and surface charge when compared to GCX elsewhere in the body. There is evidence that the GCX at the BBB is disrupted and partially shed in many diseases that impact the CNS. Despite this, the GCX has yet to be a major focus of therapeutic targeting for CNS diseases. This review examines diverse model systems used in cerebrovascular GCX-related research, emphasizing the importance of selecting appropriate models to ensure clinical relevance and translational potential. This review aims to highlight the importance of the GCX in disease and how targeting the GCX at the BBB specifically may be an effective approach for brain specific targeting for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candis Dancy
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (C.D.); (K.E.H.)
| | - Kaitlyn E. Heintzelman
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (C.D.); (K.E.H.)
- School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Moriah E. Katt
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (C.D.); (K.E.H.)
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University Health Science Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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3
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Offeddu GS, Cambria E, Shelton SE, Haase K, Wan Z, Possenti L, Nguyen HT, Gillrie MR, Hickman D, Knutson CG, Kamm RD. Personalized Vascularized Models of Breast Cancer Desmoplasia Reveal Biomechanical Determinants of Drug Delivery to the Tumor. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2402757. [PMID: 39041892 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Desmoplasia in breast cancer leads to heterogeneity in physical properties of the tissue, resulting in disparities in drug delivery and treatment efficacy among patients, thus contributing to high disease mortality. Personalized in vitro breast cancer models hold great promise for high-throughput testing of therapeutic strategies to normalize the aberrant microenvironment in a patient-specific manner. Here, tumoroids assembled from breast cancer cell lines (MCF7, SKBR3, and MDA-MB-468) and patient-derived breast tumor cells (TCs) cultured in microphysiological systems including perfusable microvasculature reproduce key aspects of stromal and vascular dysfunction causing impaired drug delivery. Models containing SKBR3 and MDA-MB-468 tumoroids show higher stromal hyaluronic acid (HA) deposition, vascular permeability, interstitial fluid pressure (IFP), and degradation of vascular HA relative to models containing MCF7 tumoroids or models without tumoroids. Interleukin 8 (IL8) secretion is found responsible for vascular dysfunction and loss of vascular HA. Interventions targeting IL8 or stromal HA normalize vascular permeability, perfusion, and IFP, and ultimately enhance drug delivery and TC death in response to perfusion with trastuzumab and cetuximab. Similar responses are observed in patient-derived models. These microphysiological systems can thus be personalized by using patient-derived cells and can be applied to discover new molecular therapies for the normalization of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni S Offeddu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Elena Cambria
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sarah E Shelton
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kristina Haase
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Molecular Biology Laboratory Barcelona, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Zhengpeng Wan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Luca Possenti
- LaBS, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
- Data Science Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Huu Tuan Nguyen
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mark R Gillrie
- Department of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - Dean Hickman
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Charles G Knutson
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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4
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Okorafor CC, Shastri S, Wen K, Ebong EE. Mechanisms of triple-negative breast cancer extravasation: Impact of the physical environment and endothelial glycocalyx. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23785. [PMID: 38949120 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400380r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the leading cause of death for those afflicted with cancer. In cancer metastasis, the cancer cells break off from the primary tumor, penetrate nearby blood vessels, and attach and extravasate out of the vessels to form secondary tumors at distant organs. This makes extravasation a critical step of the metastatic cascade. Herein, with a focus on triple-negative breast cancer, the role that the prospective secondary tumor microenvironment's mechanical properties play in circulating tumor cells' extravasation is reviewed. Specifically, the effects of the physically regulated vascular endothelial glycocalyx barrier element, vascular flow factors, and subendothelial extracellular matrix mechanical properties on cancer cell extravasation are examined. The ultimate goal of this review is to clarify the physical mechanisms that drive triple-negative breast cancer extravasation, as these mechanisms may be potential new targets for anti-metastasis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinedu C Okorafor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sanjana Shastri
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ke Wen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eno E Ebong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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5
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Qu R, Du W, Li S, Li W, Wei G, Chen Z, Gao H, Shi S, Zou L, Li H. Destruction of vascular endothelial glycocalyx during formation of pre-metastatic niches. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29101. [PMID: 38601565 PMCID: PMC11004892 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A special microenvironment called the "pre-metastatic niche" is thought to help primary tumor cells migrate to new tissues and invade them, in part because the normal barrier function of the vascular endothelium is compromised. While the primary tumor itself can promote the creation of such niches by secreting pro-metastatic factors, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here, we show that the injection of primary tumor-secreted pro-metastatic factors from B16F10 melanoma or 4T1 breast cancer cells into healthy mice can induce the destruction of the vascular endothelial glycocalyx, which is a polysaccharide coating on the vascular endothelial lumen that normally inhibits tumor cell passage into and out of the circulation. However, when human umbilical vein endothelial cultures were treated in vitro with these secreted pro-metastatic factors, no significant destruction of the glycocalyx was observed, implying that this destruction requires a complex in vivo microenvironment. The tissue section analysis revealed that secreted pro-metastatic factors could clearly upregulate macrophage-related molecules such as CD11b and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney, which is associated with the upregulation and activation of heparanase. In addition, macrophage depletion significantly attenuated the degradation of the vascular endothelial glycocalyx induced by secreted pro-metastatic factors. This indicates that the secreted pro-metastatic factors that destroy the vascular endothelial glycocalyx rely primarily on macrophages. Our findings suggest that the formation of pre-metastatic niches involves degradation of the vascular endothelial glycocalyx, which may hence be a useful target for developing therapies to inhibit cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qu
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Wenxuan Du
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Shuyao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Guangfei Wei
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Zhenjiang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhenjiang, 212004, China
| | - Zhoujiang Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research, Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Sanjun Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Liang Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Hanmei Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
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6
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Lee M, Kim S, Lee SY, Son JG, Park J, Park S, Yeun J, Lee TG, Im SG, Jeon JS. Hydrophobic surface induced pro-metastatic cancer cells for in vitro extravasation models. Bioact Mater 2024; 34:401-413. [PMID: 38282966 PMCID: PMC10819557 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In vitro vascularized cancer models utilizing microfluidics have emerged as a promising tool for mechanism study and drug screening. However, the lack of consideration and preparation methods for cancer cellular sources that are capable of adequately replicating the metastatic features of circulating tumor cells contributed to low relevancy with in vivo experimental results. Here, we show that the properties of cancer cellular sources have a considerable impact on the validity of the in vitro metastasis model. Notably, with a hydrophobic surface, we can create highly metastatic spheroids equipped with aggressive invasion, endothelium adhesion capabilities, and activated metabolic features. Combining these metastatic spheroids with the well-constructed microfluidic-based extravasation model, we validate that these metastatic spheroids exhibited a distinct extravasation response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and normal human lung fibroblasts compared to the 2D cultured cancer cells, which is consistent with the previously reported results of in vivo experiments. Furthermore, the applicability of the developed model as a therapeutic screening platform for cancer extravasation is validated through profiling and inhibition of cytokines. We believe this model incorporating hydrophobic surface-cultured 3D cancer cells provides reliable experimental data in a clear and concise manner, bridging the gap between the conventional in vitro models and in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseok Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daehak-ro 291, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunggyu Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daehak-ro 291, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Lee
- Bioimaging Team, Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Gajeong-ro 267, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Gyeong Son
- Bioimaging Team, Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Gajeong-ro 267, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonha Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daehak-ro 291, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghyeon Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daehak-ro 291, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jemin Yeun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daehak-ro 291, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Geol Lee
- Bioimaging Team, Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Gajeong-ro 267, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gap Im
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daehak-ro 291, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for the NanoCentury (KINC), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daehak-ro 291, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jessie S. Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daehak-ro 291, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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7
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Liu F, Xin M, Feng H, Zhang W, Liao Z, Sheng T, Wen P, Wu Q, Liang T, Shi J, Zhou R, He K, Gu Z, Li H. Cryo-shocked tumor cells deliver CRISPR-Cas9 for lung cancer regression by synthetic lethality. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk8264. [PMID: 38552011 PMCID: PMC10980270 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk8264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Although CRISPR-mediated genome editing holds promise for cancer therapy, inadequate tumor targeting and potential off-target side effects hamper its outcomes. In this study, we present a strategy using cryo-shocked lung tumor cells as a CRISPR-Cas9 delivery system for cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) gene editing, which initiates synthetic lethal in KRAS-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). By rapidly liquid nitrogen shocking, we effectively eliminate the pathogenicity of tumor cells while preserving their structure and surface receptor activity. This delivery system enables the loaded CRISPR-Cas9 to efficiently target to lung through the capture in pulmonary capillaries and interactions with endothelial cells. In a NSCLC-bearing mouse model, the drug accumulation is increased nearly fourfold in lung, and intratumoral CDK4 expression is substantially down-regulated compared to CRISPR-Cas9 lipofectamine nanoparticles administration. Furthermore, CRISPR-Cas9 editing-mediated CDK4 ablation triggers synthetic lethal in KRAS-mutant NSCLC and prolongs the survival of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Minhang Xin
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huiheng Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ziyan Liao
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Tao Sheng
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ping Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Qing Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Tingxizi Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jiaqi Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ruyi Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kaixin He
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299, China
| | - Zhen Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hongjun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
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8
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Maurissen TL, Spielmann AJ, Schellenberg G, Bickle M, Vieira JR, Lai SY, Pavlou G, Fauser S, Westenskow PD, Kamm RD, Ragelle H. Modeling early pathophysiological phenotypes of diabetic retinopathy in a human inner blood-retinal barrier-on-a-chip. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1372. [PMID: 38355716 PMCID: PMC10866954 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45456-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular disorder characterized by inner blood-retinal barrier (iBRB) breakdown and irreversible vision loss. While the symptoms of DR are known, disease mechanisms including basement membrane thickening, pericyte dropout and capillary damage remain poorly understood and interventions to repair diseased iBRB microvascular networks have not been developed. In addition, current approaches using animal models and in vitro systems lack translatability and predictivity to finding new target pathways. Here, we develop a diabetic iBRB-on-a-chip that produces pathophysiological phenotypes and disease pathways in vitro that are representative of clinical diagnoses. We show that diabetic stimulation of the iBRB-on-a-chip mirrors DR features, including pericyte loss, vascular regression, ghost vessels, and production of pro-inflammatory factors. We also report transcriptomic data from diabetic iBRB microvascular networks that may reveal drug targets, and examine pericyte-endothelial cell stabilizing strategies. In summary, our model recapitulates key features of disease, and may inform future therapies for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Maurissen
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alena J Spielmann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabriella Schellenberg
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Bickle
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Institute of Human Biology, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jose Ricardo Vieira
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Si Ying Lai
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Georgios Pavlou
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sascha Fauser
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter D Westenskow
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Héloïse Ragelle
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.
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9
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Kolesov D, Astakhova A, Galdobina M, Moskovtsev A, Kubatiev A, Sokolovskaya A, Ukrainskiy L, Morozov S. Scanning Probe Microscopy Techniques for Studying the Cell Glycocalyx. Cells 2023; 12:2778. [PMID: 38132098 PMCID: PMC10741541 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The glycocalyx is a brush-like layer that covers the surfaces of the membranes of most cell types. It consists of a mixture of carbohydrates, mainly glycoproteins and proteoglycans. Due to its structure and sensitivity to environmental conditions, it represents a complicated object to investigate. Here, we review studies of the glycocalyx conducted using scanning probe microscopy approaches. This includes imaging techniques as well as the measurement of nanomechanical properties. The nanomechanics of the glycocalyx is particularly important since it is widely present on the surfaces of mechanosensitive cells such as endothelial cells. An overview of problems with the interpretation of indirect data via the use of analytical models is presented. Special insight is given into changes in glycocalyx properties during pathological processes. The biological background and alternative research methods are briefly covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Kolesov
- Moscow Polytechnic University, 107023 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Astakhova
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Galdobina
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Moskovtsev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aslan Kubatiev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alisa Sokolovskaya
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid Ukrainskiy
- Mechanical Engineering Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Morozov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
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10
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Tan ML, Jenkins-Johnston N, Huang S, Schutrum B, Vadhin S, Adhikari A, Williams RM, Zipfel WR, Lammerding J, Varner JD, Fischbach C. Endothelial cells metabolically regulate breast cancer invasion toward a microvessel. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:046116. [PMID: 38058993 PMCID: PMC10697723 DOI: 10.1063/5.0171109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer metastasis is initiated by invasion of tumor cells into the collagen type I-rich stroma to reach adjacent blood vessels. Prior work has identified that metabolic plasticity is a key requirement of tumor cell invasion into collagen. However, it remains largely unclear how blood vessels affect this relationship. Here, we developed a microfluidic platform to analyze how tumor cells invade collagen in the presence and absence of a microvascular channel. We demonstrate that endothelial cells secrete pro-migratory factors that direct tumor cell invasion toward the microvessel. Analysis of tumor cell metabolism using metabolic imaging, metabolomics, and computational flux balance analysis revealed that these changes are accompanied by increased rates of glycolysis and oxygen consumption caused by broad alterations of glucose metabolism. Indeed, restricting glucose availability decreased endothelial cell-induced tumor cell invasion. Our results suggest that endothelial cells promote tumor invasion into the stroma due, in part, to reprogramming tumor cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L. Tan
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Niaa Jenkins-Johnston
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Sarah Huang
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Brittany Schutrum
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Sandra Vadhin
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Abhinav Adhikari
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Rebecca M. Williams
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Warren R. Zipfel
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Varner
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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11
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Chen SW, Blazeski A, Zhang S, Shelton SE, Offeddu GS, Kamm RD. Development of a perfusable, hierarchical microvasculature-on-a-chip model. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4552-4564. [PMID: 37771308 PMCID: PMC10563829 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00512g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Several methods have been developed for generating 3D, in vitro, organ-on-chip models of human vasculature to study vascular function, transport, and tissue engineering. However, many of these existing models lack the hierarchical nature of the arterial-to-capillary-to-venous architecture that is key to capturing a more comprehensive view of the human microvasculature. Here, we present a perfusable, multi-compartmental model that recapitulates the three microvascular compartments to assess various physiological properties such as vessel permeability, vasoconstriction dynamics, and circulating cell arrest and extravasation. Viscous finger patterning and passive pumping create the larger arterial and venular lumens, while the smaller diameter capillary bed vessels are generated through self-assembly. These compartments anastomose and form a perfusable, hierarchical system that portrays the directionality of blood flow through the microvasculature. The addition of collagen channels reduces the apparent permeability of the central capillary region, likely by reducing leakage from the side channels, enabling more accurate measurements of vascular permeability-an important motivation for this study. Furthermore, the model permits modulation of fluid flow and shear stress conditions throughout the system by using hydrostatic pressure heads to apply pressure differentials across either the arteriole or the capillary. This is a pertinent system for modeling circulating tumor or T cell dissemination and extravasation. Circulating cells were found to arrest in areas conducive to physical trapping or areas with the least amount of shear stress, consistent with hemodynamic or mechanical theories of metastasis. Overall, this model captures more features of human microvascular beds and is capable of testing a broad variety of hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia W Chen
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Adriana Blazeski
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, USA
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Sarah E Shelton
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, USA
| | - Giovanni S Offeddu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
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12
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Angelidakis E, Chen S, Zhang S, Wan Z, Kamm RD, Shelton SE. Impact of Fibrinogen, Fibrin Thrombi, and Thrombin on Cancer Cell Extravasation Using In Vitro Microvascular Networks. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202984. [PMID: 37119127 PMCID: PMC10524192 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
A bidirectional association exists between metastatic dissemination and the hypercoagulable state associated with many types of cancer. As such, clinical studies have provided evidence that markers associated with elevated levels of coagulation and fibrinolysis correlate with decreased patient survival. However, elucidating the mechanisms underpinning the effects of different components of the coagulation system on metastasis formation is challenging both in animal models and 2D models lacking the complex cellular interactions necessary to model both thrombosis and metastasis. Here, an in vitro, 3D, microvascular model for observing the formation of fibrin thrombi is described, which is in turn used to study how different aspects of the hypercoagulable state associated with cancer affect the endothelium. Using this platform, cancer cells expressing ICAM-1 are shown to form a fibrinogen-dependent bridge and transmigrate through the endothelium more effectively. Cancer cells are also demonstrated to interact with fibrin thrombi, using them to adhere, spread, and enhance their extravasation efficiency. Finally, thrombin is also shown to enhance cancer cell extravasation. This system presents a physiologically relevant model of fibrin clot formation in the human microvasculature, enabling in-depth investigation of the cellular interactions between cancer cells and the coagulation system affecting cancer cell extravasation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Angelidakis
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sophia Chen
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Zhengpeng Wan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sarah E Shelton
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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13
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Si H, Esquivel M, Mendoza Mendoza E, Roarty K. The covert symphony: cellular and molecular accomplices in breast cancer metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1221784. [PMID: 37440925 PMCID: PMC10333702 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1221784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has emerged as the most commonly diagnosed cancer and primary cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Although significant progress has been made in targeting the primary tumor, the effectiveness of systemic treatments to prevent metastasis remains limited. Metastatic disease continues to be the predominant factor leading to fatality in the majority of breast cancer patients. The existence of a prolonged latency period between initial treatment and eventual recurrence in certain patients indicates that tumors can both adapt to and interact with the systemic environment of the host, facilitating and sustaining the progression of the disease. In order to identify potential therapeutic interventions for metastasis, it will be crucial to gain a comprehensive framework surrounding the mechanisms driving the growth, survival, and spread of tumor cells, as well as their interaction with supporting cells of the microenvironment. This review aims to consolidate recent discoveries concerning critical aspects of breast cancer metastasis, encompassing the intricate network of cells, molecules, and physical factors that contribute to metastasis, as well as the molecular mechanisms governing cancer dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiang Si
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Madelyn Esquivel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Erika Mendoza Mendoza
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kevin Roarty
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, United States
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14
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Leusmann S, Ménová P, Shanin E, Titz A, Rademacher C. Glycomimetics for the inhibition and modulation of lectins. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:3663-3740. [PMID: 37232696 PMCID: PMC10243309 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00954d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are essential mediators of many processes in health and disease. They regulate self-/non-self- discrimination, are key elements of cellular communication, cancer, infection and inflammation, and determine protein folding, function and life-times. Moreover, they are integral to the cellular envelope for microorganisms and participate in biofilm formation. These diverse functions of carbohydrates are mediated by carbohydrate-binding proteins, lectins, and the more the knowledge about the biology of these proteins is advancing, the more interfering with carbohydrate recognition becomes a viable option for the development of novel therapeutics. In this respect, small molecules mimicking this recognition process become more and more available either as tools for fostering our basic understanding of glycobiology or as therapeutics. In this review, we outline the general design principles of glycomimetic inhibitors (Section 2). This section is then followed by highlighting three approaches to interfere with lectin function, i.e. with carbohydrate-derived glycomimetics (Section 3.1), novel glycomimetic scaffolds (Section 3.2) and allosteric modulators (Section 3.3). We summarize recent advances in design and application of glycomimetics for various classes of lectins of mammalian, viral and bacterial origin. Besides highlighting design principles in general, we showcase defined cases in which glycomimetics have been advanced to clinical trials or marketed. Additionally, emerging applications of glycomimetics for targeted protein degradation and targeted delivery purposes are reviewed in Section 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Leusmann
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Petra Ménová
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Elena Shanin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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15
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Shimpi AA, Tan ML, Vilkhovoy M, Dai D, Roberts LM, Kuo J, Huang L, Varner JD, Paszek M, Fischbach C. Convergent Approaches to Delineate the Metabolic Regulation of Tumor Invasion by Hyaluronic Acid Biosynthesis. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202224. [PMID: 36479976 PMCID: PMC10238572 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of breast cancer-related deaths and is often driven by invasion and cancer-stem like cells (CSCs). Both the CSC phenotype and invasion are associated with increased hyaluronic acid (HA) production. How these independent observations are connected, and which role metabolism plays in this process, remains unclear due to the lack of convergent approaches integrating engineered model systems, computational tools, and cancer biology. Using microfluidic invasion models, metabolomics, computational flux balance analysis, and bioinformatic analysis of patient data, the functional links between the stem-like, invasive, and metabolic phenotype of breast cancer cells as a function of HA biosynthesis are investigated. These results suggest that CSCs are more invasive than non-CSCs and that broad metabolic changes caused by overproduction of HA play a role in this process. Accordingly, overexpression of hyaluronic acid synthases (HAS) 2 or 3 induces a metabolic phenotype that promotes cancer cell stemness and invasion in vitro and upregulates a transcriptomic signature predictive of increased invasion and worse patient survival. This study suggests that HA overproduction leads to metabolic adaptations to satisfy the energy demands for 3D invasion of breast CSCs highlighting the importance of engineered model systems and multidisciplinary approaches in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian A. Shimpi
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Matthew L. Tan
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Michael Vilkhovoy
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - David Dai
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - L. Monet Roberts
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Joe Kuo
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Lingting Huang
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Varner
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Matthew Paszek
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
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16
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Zhou Y, Wu Y, Paul R, Qin X, Liu Y. Hierarchical Vessel Network-Supported Tumor Model-on-a-Chip Constructed by Induced Spontaneous Anastomosis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:6431-6441. [PMID: 36693007 PMCID: PMC10249001 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The vascular system in living tissues is a highly organized system that consists of vessels with various diameters for nutrient delivery and waste transport. In recent years, many vessel construction methods have been developed for building vascularized on-chip tissue models. These methods usually focused on constructing vessels at a single scale. In this work, a method that can build a hierarchical and perfusable vessel networks was developed. By providing flow stimuli and proper HUVEC concentration, spontaneous anastomosis between endothelialized lumens and the self-assembled capillary network was induced; thus, a perfusable network containing vessels at different scales was achieved. With this simple method, an in vivo-like hierarchical vessel-supported tumor model was prepared and its application in anticancer drug testing was demonstrated. The tumor growth rate was predicted by combining computational fluid dynamics simulation and a tumor growth mathematical model to understand the vessel perfusability effect on tumor growth rate in the hierarchical vessel network. Compared to the tumor model without capillary vessels, the hierarchical vessel-supported tumor shows a significantly higher growth rate and drug delivery efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Zhou
- Department
of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania18015, United States
| | - Yue Wu
- Department
of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania18015, United States
| | - Ratul Paul
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania18015, United States
| | - Xiaochen Qin
- Department
of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania18015, United States
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department
of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania18015, United States
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania18015, United States
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17
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Huang CBX, Tu TY. Recent advances in vascularized tumor-on-a-chip. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1150332. [PMID: 37064144 PMCID: PMC10099572 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1150332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The vasculature plays a critical role in cancer progression and metastasis, representing a pivotal aspect in the creation of cancer models. In recent years, the emergence of organ-on-a-chip technology has proven to be a robust tool, capable of replicating in vivo conditions with exceptional spatiotemporal resolution, making it a significant asset in cancer research. This review delves into the latest developments in 3D microfluidic vascularized tumor models and their applications in vitro, focusing on heterotypic cellular interactions, the mechanisms of metastasis, and therapeutic screening. Additionally, the review examines the benefits and drawbacks of these models, as well as the future prospects for their advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ting-Yuan Tu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Ting-Yuan Tu,
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18
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Hua SH, Viera M, Yip GW, Bay BH. Theranostic Applications of Glycosaminoglycans in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010266. [PMID: 36612261 PMCID: PMC9818616 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) makes up the majority of kidney cancers, with a poor prognosis for metastatic RCC (mRCC). Challenges faced in the management of mRCC, include a lack of reliable prognostic markers and biomarkers for precise monitoring of disease treatment, together with the potential risk of toxicity associated with more recent therapeutic options. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a class of carbohydrates that can be categorized into four main subclasses, viz., chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, heparan sulfate and keratan sulfate. GAGs are known to be closely associated with cancer progression and modulation of metastasis by modification of the tumor microenvironment. Alterations of expression, composition and spatiotemporal distribution of GAGs in the extracellular matrix (ECM), dysregulate ECM functions and drive cancer invasion. In this review, we focus on the clinical utility of GAGs as biomarkers for mRCC (which is important for risk stratification and strategizing effective treatment protocols), as well as potential therapeutic targets that could benefit patients afflicted with advanced RCC. Besides GAG-targeted therapies that holds promise in mRCC, other potential strategies include utilizing GAGs as drug carriers and their mimetics to counter cancer progression, and enhance immunotherapy through binding and transducing signals for immune mediators.
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19
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Mitra R, Nersesyan A, Pentland K, Melin MM, Levy RM, Ebong EE. Diosmin and its glycocalyx restorative and anti-inflammatory effects on injured blood vessels. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22630. [PMID: 36315163 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200053rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The endothelium, a crucial homeostatic organ, regulates vascular permeability and tone. Under physiological conditions, endothelial stimulation induces vasodilator endothelial nitric oxide (eNO) release and prevents adhesion molecule accessibility and leukocyte adhesion and migration into vessel walls. Endothelium dysfunction is a principal event in cardiovascular disorders, including atherosclerosis. Minimal attention is given to an important endothelial cell structure, the endothelial glycocalyx (GCX), a negatively charged heterogeneous polysaccharide that serves as a protective covering for endothelial cells and enables endothelial cells to transduce mechanical stimuli into various biological and chemical activities. Endothelial GCX shedding thus plays a role in endothelial dysfunction, for example by increasing vascular permeability and decreasing vessel tone. Consequently, there is increasing interest in developing therapies that focus on GCX repair to limit downstream endothelium dysfunction and prevent further downstream cardiovascular events. Here, we present diosmin (3',5,7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone-7-rhamnoglucoside), a flavone glycoside of diosmetin, which downregulates adhesive molecule expression, decreases inflammation and capillary permeability, and upregulates eNO expression. Due to these pleiotropic effects of diosmin on the vasculature, a possible unidentified mechanism of action is through GCX restoration. We hypothesize that diosmin positively affects GCX integrity along with GCX-related endothelial functions. Our hypothesis was tested in a partial ligation left carotid artery (LCA) mouse model, where the right carotid artery was the control for each mouse. Diosmin (50 mg/kg) was administered daily for 7 days, 72 h after ligation. Within the ligated mice LCAs, diosmin treatment elevated the activated eNO synthase level, inhibited inflammatory cell uptake, decreased vessel wall thickness, increased vessel diameter, and increased GCX coverage of the vessel wall. ELISA showed a decrease in hyaluronan concentration in plasma samples of diosmin-treated mice, signifying reduced GCX shedding. In summary, diosmin supported endothelial GCX integrity, to which we attribute diosmin's preservation of endothelial function as indicated by attenuated expression of inflammatory factors and restored vascular tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronodeep Mitra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alina Nersesyan
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kaleigh Pentland
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Mark Melin
- M Health Fairview Wound Healing Institute, Edina, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert M Levy
- Director of Clinical Development, Primus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Eno E Ebong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
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20
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A stabilized CXCL9(74-103)-derived peptide selectively inhibits proliferation, adhesion and metastasis of tumor cells that express high levels of heparan sulfate. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:2808-2822. [PMID: 36272565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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21
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Kim S, Wan Z, Jeon JS, Kamm RD. Microfluidic vascular models of tumor cell extravasation. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1052192. [PMID: 36439519 PMCID: PMC9698448 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1052192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging microfluidic disease models have amply demonstrated their value in many fields of cancer research. These in vitro technologies recapitulate key aspects of metastatic cancer, including the process of tumor cell arrest and extravasation at the site of the metastatic tumor. To date, extensive efforts have been made to capture key features of the microvasculature to reconstitute the pre-metastatic niche and investigate dynamic extravasation behaviors using microfluidic systems. In this mini-review, we highlight recent microfluidic vascular models of tumor cell extravasation and explore how this approach contributes to development of in vitro disease models to enhance understanding of metastasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunggyu Kim
- Mechanobiology Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Biomicrofluidics Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Zhengpeng Wan
- Mechanobiology Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jessie S. Jeon
- Biomicrofluidics Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Roger D. Kamm
- Mechanobiology Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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22
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Noubissi Nzeteu GA, Geismann C, Arlt A, Hoogwater FJH, Nijkamp MW, Meyer NH, Bockhorn M. Role of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition for the Generation of Circulating Tumors Cells and Cancer Cell Dissemination. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225483. [PMID: 36428576 PMCID: PMC9688619 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-related death is primarily caused by metastasis; consequently, understanding, preventing, and treating metastasis is essential to improving clinical outcomes. Metastasis is mainly governed by the dissemination of tumor cells in the systemic circulation: so-called circulating tumor cells (CTCs). CTCs typically arise from epithelial tumor cells that undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), resulting in the loss of cell-cell adhesions and polarity, and the reorganization of the cytoskeleton. Various oncogenic factors can induce EMT, among them the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, as well as Wnt and Notch signaling pathways. This entails the activation of numerous transcription factors, including ZEB, TWIST, and Snail proteins, acting as transcriptional repressors of epithelial markers, such as E-cadherin and inducers of mesenchymal markers such as vimentin. These genetic and phenotypic changes ultimately facilitate cancer cell migration. However, to successfully form distant metastases, CTCs must primarily withstand the hostile environment of circulation. This includes adaption to shear stress, avoiding being trapped by coagulation and surviving attacks of the immune system. Several applications of CTCs, from cancer diagnosis and screening to monitoring and even guided therapy, seek their way into clinical practice. This review describes the process leading to tumor metastasis, from the generation of CTCs in primary tumors to their dissemination into distant organs, as well as the importance of subtyping CTCs to improve personalized and targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetan Aime Noubissi Nzeteu
- University Hospital of General and Visceral Surgery, Department of Human Medicine, University of Oldenburg and Klinikum Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Geismann
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, UKSH-Campus Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Arlt
- Department for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Oldenburg, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, European Medical School (EMS), 26133 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Frederik J. H. Hoogwater
- Section of HPB Surgery & Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten W. Nijkamp
- Section of HPB Surgery & Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - N. Helge Meyer
- University Hospital of General and Visceral Surgery, Department of Human Medicine, University of Oldenburg and Klinikum Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-441-798-5041
| | - Maximilian Bockhorn
- University Hospital of General and Visceral Surgery, Department of Human Medicine, University of Oldenburg and Klinikum Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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23
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Mayo LN, Kutys ML. Conversation before crossing: dissecting metastatic tumor-vascular interactions in microphysiological systems. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1333-C1344. [PMID: 36121131 PMCID: PMC9602802 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00173.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis via the circulation requires crossing the vascular barrier twice: first, during intravasation when tumor cells disseminate from the primary site through proximal vasculature, and second, during extravasation, when tumor cells exit the circulation to form distant metastatic seeds. During these key metastatic events, chemomechanical signaling between tumor cells and endothelial cells elicits reciprocal changes in cell morphology and behavior that are necessary to breach the vessel wall. Existing experimental systems have provided a limited understanding of the diverse mechanisms underlying tumor-endothelial interactions during intravasation and extravasation. Recent advances in microphysiological systems have revolutionized the ability to generate miniaturized human tissues with tailored three-dimensional architectures, physiological cell interfaces, and precise chemical and physical microenvironments. By doing so, microphysiological systems enable experimental access to complex morphogenic processes associated with human tumor progression with unprecedented resolution and biological control. Here, we discuss recent examples in which microphysiological systems have been leveraged to reveal new mechanistic insight into cellular and molecular control systems operating at the tumor-endothelial interface during intravasation and extravasation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakyn N Mayo
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- UCSF-UC Berkeley Joint Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Matthew L Kutys
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- UCSF-UC Berkeley Joint Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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24
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Ren J, Wang N, Guo P, Fan Y, Lin F, Wu J. Recent advances in microfluidics-based cell migration research. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3361-3376. [PMID: 35993877 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00397j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration is crucial for many biological processes, including normal development, immune response, and tissue homeostasis and many pathological processes such as cancer metastasis and wound healing. Microfluidics has revolutionized the research in cell migration since its inception as it reduces the cost of studies and allows precise manipulation of different parameters that affect cell migratory response. Over the past decade, the field has made great strides in many directions, such as techniques for better control of the cellular microenvironment, application-oriented physiological-like models, and machine-assisted cell image analysis methods. Here we review recent developments in the field of microfluidic cell migration through the following aspects: 1) the co-culture models for studying host-pathogen interactions at single-cell resolution; 2) the spatiotemporal manipulation of the chemical gradients guiding cell migration; 3) the organ-on-chip models to study cell transmigration; and 4) the deep learning image processing strategies for cell migration data analysis. We further discuss the challenges, possible improvement and future perspectives of using microfluidic techniques to study cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Ren
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Piao Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yanping Fan
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Francis Lin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Jiandong Wu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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25
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Tissue Engineering Approaches to Uncover Therapeutic Targets for Endothelial Dysfunction in Pathological Microenvironments. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137416. [PMID: 35806421 PMCID: PMC9266895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell dysfunction plays a central role in many pathologies, rendering it crucial to understand the underlying mechanism for potential therapeutics. Tissue engineering offers opportunities for in vitro studies of endothelial dysfunction in pathological mimicry environments. Here, we begin by analyzing hydrogel biomaterials as a platform for understanding the roles of the extracellular matrix and hypoxia in vascular formation. We next examine how three-dimensional bioprinting has been applied to recapitulate healthy and diseased tissue constructs in a highly controllable and patient-specific manner. Similarly, studies have utilized organs-on-a-chip technology to understand endothelial dysfunction's contribution to pathologies in tissue-specific cellular components under well-controlled physicochemical cues. Finally, we consider studies using the in vitro construction of multicellular blood vessels, termed tissue-engineered blood vessels, and the spontaneous assembly of microvascular networks in organoids to delineate pathological endothelial dysfunction.
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26
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A predictive microfluidic model of human glioblastoma to assess trafficking of blood-brain barrier-penetrant nanoparticles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2118697119. [PMID: 35648828 PMCID: PMC9191661 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2118697119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier represents a significant challenge for the treatment of high-grade gliomas, and our understanding of drug transport across this critical biointerface remains limited. To advance preclinical therapeutic development for gliomas, there is an urgent need for predictive in vitro models with realistic blood–brain-barrier vasculature. Here, we report a vascularized human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) model in a microfluidic device that accurately recapitulates brain tumor vasculature with self-assembled endothelial cells, astrocytes, and pericytes to investigate the transport of targeted nanotherapeutics across the blood–brain barrier and into GBM cells. Using modular layer-by-layer assembly, we functionalized the surface of nanoparticles with GBM-targeting motifs to improve trafficking to tumors. We directly compared nanoparticle transport in our in vitro platform with transport across mouse brain capillaries using intravital imaging, validating the ability of the platform to model in vivo blood–brain-barrier transport. We investigated the therapeutic potential of functionalized nanoparticles by encapsulating cisplatin and showed improved efficacy of these GBM-targeted nanoparticles both in vitro and in an in vivo orthotopic xenograft model. Our vascularized GBM model represents a significant biomaterials advance, enabling in-depth investigation of brain tumor vasculature and accelerating the development of targeted nanotherapeutics.
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27
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Circulating extracellular vesicles and tumor cells: sticky partners in metastasis. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:799-805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
During cancer progression, metastatic dissemination accounts for ∼90% of death in patients. Metastasis occurs upon dissemination of circulating tumor cells (CTC) through body fluids, in particular the bloodstream, and several key steps remain elusive. Although the majority of CTCs travel as single cells, they can form clusters either with themselves (homoclusters) or with other circulating cells (heteroclusters) and thereby increase their metastatic potential. In addition, cancer cell mechanics and mechanical cues from the microenvironment are important factors during metastatic progression. Recent progress in intravital imaging technologies, biophysical methods, and microfluidic-based isolation of CTCs allow now to probe mechanics at single cell resolution while shedding light on key steps of the hematogenous metastatic cascade. In this review, we discuss the importance of CTC mechanics and their correlation with metastatic success and how such development could lead to the identification of therapeutically relevant targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Peralta
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Tumor Biomechanics, Strasbourg 67000, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France.,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg 67000, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer
| | - Naël Osmani
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Tumor Biomechanics, Strasbourg 67000, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France.,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg 67000, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Tumor Biomechanics, Strasbourg 67000, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France.,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg 67000, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer
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29
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Live Cell Imaging and Analysis of Cancer-Cell Transmigration Through Endothelial Monolayers. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2441:329-338. [PMID: 35099749 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2059-5_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
During metastasis, a subset of cancer cells will break away from the primary tumor and invade into the surrounding tissue. Cancer cells which are able to breach the endothelium and enter the blood stream are then transported in the circulation to new target organs where they may seed as a distant metastasis. In order to invade this new organ, the cancer cells must bind to and traverse the vascular wall, a process known as transendothelial migration (TEM) or extravasation. This chapter describes an in vitro approach to automated live cell imaging and analysis of TEM in order to accurately quantify these kinetics and aid the researcher in dissecting the mechanisms of tumor-endothelial interactions during this phase of metastasis.
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30
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Miller B, Sewell-Loftin MK. Mechanoregulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 in Angiogenesis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:804934. [PMID: 35087885 PMCID: PMC8787114 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.804934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelial cells that compose the vascular system in the body display a wide range of mechanotransductive behaviors and responses to biomechanical stimuli, which act in concert to control overall blood vessel structure and function. Such mechanosensitive activities allow blood vessels to constrict, dilate, grow, or remodel as needed during development as well as normal physiological functions, and the same processes can be dysregulated in various disease states. Mechanotransduction represents cellular responses to mechanical forces, translating such factors into chemical or electrical signals which alter the activation of various cell signaling pathways. Understanding how biomechanical forces drive vascular growth in healthy and diseased tissues could create new therapeutic strategies that would either enhance or halt these processes to assist with treatments of different diseases. In the cardiovascular system, new blood vessel formation from preexisting vasculature, in a process known as angiogenesis, is driven by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) which promotes blood vessel development. However, physical forces such as shear stress, matrix stiffness, and interstitial flow are also major drivers and effectors of angiogenesis, and new research suggests that mechanical forces may regulate VEGFR-2 phosphorylation. In fact, VEGFR-2 activation has been linked to known mechanobiological agents including ERK/MAPK, c-Src, Rho/ROCK, and YAP/TAZ. In vascular disease states, endothelial cells can be subjected to altered mechanical stimuli which affect the pathways that control angiogenesis. Both normalizing and arresting angiogenesis associated with tumor growth have been strategies for anti-cancer treatments. In the field of regenerative medicine, harnessing biomechanical regulation of angiogenesis could enhance vascularization strategies for treating a variety of cardiovascular diseases, including ischemia or permit development of novel tissue engineering scaffolds. This review will focus on the impact of VEGFR-2 mechanosignaling in endothelial cells (ECs) and its interaction with other mechanotransductive pathways, as well as presenting a discussion on the relationship between VEGFR-2 activation and biomechanical forces in the extracellular matrix (ECM) that can help treat diseases with dysfunctional vascular growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronte Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mary Kathryn Sewell-Loftin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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31
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Zhang X, Karim M, Hasan MM, Hooper J, Wahab R, Roy S, Al-Hilal TA. Cancer-on-a-Chip: Models for Studying Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:648. [PMID: 35158914 PMCID: PMC8833392 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The microfluidic-based cancer-on-a-chip models work as a powerful tool to study the tumor microenvironment and its role in metastasis. The models recapitulate and systematically simplify the in vitro tumor microenvironment. This enables the study of a metastatic process in unprecedented detail. This review examines the development of cancer-on-a-chip microfluidic platforms at the invasion/intravasation, extravasation, and angiogenesis steps over the last three years. The on-chip modeling of mechanical cues involved in the metastasis cascade are also discussed. Finally, the popular design of microfluidic chip models for each step are discussed along with the challenges and perspectives of cancer-on-a-chip models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (X.Z.); (M.K.); (M.M.H.); (R.W.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (J.H.); (S.R.)
| | - Mazharul Karim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (X.Z.); (M.K.); (M.M.H.); (R.W.)
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, College of Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Md Mahedi Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (X.Z.); (M.K.); (M.M.H.); (R.W.)
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, College of Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Jacob Hooper
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (J.H.); (S.R.)
| | - Riajul Wahab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (X.Z.); (M.K.); (M.M.H.); (R.W.)
| | - Sourav Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (J.H.); (S.R.)
- Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Taslim A. Al-Hilal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (X.Z.); (M.K.); (M.M.H.); (R.W.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (J.H.); (S.R.)
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, College of Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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32
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Engineered human blood-brain barrier microfluidic model for vascular permeability analyses. Nat Protoc 2022; 17:95-128. [PMID: 34997242 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00635-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) greatly restricts the entry of biological and engineered therapeutic molecules into the brain. Due to challenges in translating results from animal models to the clinic, relevant in vitro human BBB models are needed to assess pathophysiological molecular transport mechanisms and enable the design of targeted therapies for neurological disorders. This protocol describes an in vitro model of the human BBB self-assembled within microfluidic devices from stem-cell-derived or primary brain endothelial cells, and primary brain pericytes and astrocytes. This protocol requires 1.5 d for device fabrication, 7 d for device culture and up to 5 d for downstream imaging, protein and gene expression analyses. Methodologies to measure the permeability of any molecule in the BBB model, which take 30 min per device, are also included. Compared with standard 2D assays, the BBB model features relevant cellular organization and morphological characteristics, as well as values of molecular permeability within the range expected in vivo. These properties, coupled with a functional brain endothelial expression profile and the capability to easily test several repeats with low reagent consumption, make this BBB model highly suitable for widespread use in academic and industrial laboratories.
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33
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Tran NL, Ferreira LM, Alvarez-Moya B, Buttiglione V, Ferrini B, Zordan P, Monestiroli A, Fagioli C, Bezzecchi E, Scotti GM, Esposito A, Leone R, Gnasso C, Brendolan A, Guidotti LG, Sitia G. Continuous sensing of IFNα by hepatic endothelial cells shapes a vascular antimetastatic barrier. eLife 2022; 11:80690. [PMID: 36281643 PMCID: PMC9596162 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic metastases are a poor prognostic factor of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and new strategies to reduce the risk of liver CRC colonization are highly needed. Herein, we used mouse models of hepatic metastatization to demonstrate that the continuous infusion of therapeutic doses of interferon-alpha (IFNα) controls CRC invasion by acting on hepatic endothelial cells (HECs). Mechanistically, IFNα promoted the development of a vascular antimetastatic niche characterized by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) defenestration extracellular matrix and glycocalyx deposition, thus strengthening the liver vascular barrier impairing CRC trans-sinusoidal migration, without requiring a direct action on tumor cells, hepatic stellate cells, hepatocytes, or liver dendritic cells (DCs), Kupffer cells (KCs) and liver capsular macrophages (LCMs). Moreover, IFNα endowed LSECs with efficient cross-priming potential that, along with the early intravascular tumor burden reduction, supported the generation of antitumor CD8+ T cells and ultimately led to the establishment of a protective long-term memory T cell response. These findings provide a rationale for the use of continuous IFNα therapy in perioperative settings to reduce CRC metastatic spreading to the liver. Colorectal cancer remains one of the most widespread and deadly cancers worldwide. Poor health outcomes are usually linked to diseased cells spreading from the intestine to create new tumors in the liver or other parts of the body. Treatment involves surgically removing the initial tumors in the bowel, but patient survival could be improved if, in parallel, their immune system was ‘boosted’ to destroy cancer cells before they can form other tumors. Interferon alpha is a small protein which helps to coordinate how the immune system recognizes and deactivates foreign agents and cancerous cells. It has recently been trialed as a colorectal cancer treatment to prevent tumors from spreading to the liver, but only with limited success. This partly because interferon-alpha is usually administered in high and pulsed doses, which cause severe side effects through the body. Instead, Tran, Ferreira, Alvarez-Moya et al. aimed to investigate whether continuously delivering lower amounts of the drug could be a better approach. This strategy was tested on mice in which colorectal cancer cells had been implanted into the wall of the large intestine. Continuous administration minimized the risk of the implanted cancer cells spreading to the liver while also creating fewer side effects. The team was able to identify an optimum delivery strategy by varying how much interferon-alpha the animals received and when. Further experiments also revealed a new mechanism by which interferon-alpha prevented the spread of colorectal cancer. Upon receiving continuous doses of the drug, a group of liver cells started to generate a physical barrier which stopped cancer cells from being able to invade the organ. The treatment also promoted long-term immune responses that targeted diseased cells while being safe for healthy tissues. If confirmed in clinical trials, these results suggest that colorectal patients undergoing tumor removal surgery may benefit from also receiving interferon-alpha through continuous delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Lan Tran
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Lorena Maria Ferreira
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Blanca Alvarez-Moya
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Valentina Buttiglione
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Barbara Ferrini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Paola Zordan
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly,Vita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
| | - Andrea Monestiroli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Claudio Fagioli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | | | | | - Antonio Esposito
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly,Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Riccardo Leone
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly,Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Chiara Gnasso
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly,Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Andrea Brendolan
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Luca G Guidotti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly,Vita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
| | - Giovanni Sitia
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
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34
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Hajal C, Shin Y, Li L, Serrano JC, Jacks T, Kamm RD. The CCL2-CCR2 astrocyte-cancer cell axis in tumor extravasation at the brain. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg8139. [PMID: 34162553 PMCID: PMC8221620 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg8139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Although brain metastases are common in cancer patients, little is known about the mechanisms of cancer extravasation across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a key step in the metastatic cascade that regulates the entry of cancer cells into the brain parenchyma. Here, we show, in a three-dimensional in vitro BBB microvascular model, that astrocytes promote cancer cell transmigration via their secretion of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2). We found that this chemokine, produced primarily by astrocytes, promoted the chemotaxis and chemokinesis of cancer cells via their C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2), with no notable changes in vascular permeability. These findings were validated in vivo, where CCR2-deficient cancer cells exhibited significantly reduced rates of arrest and transmigration in mouse brain capillaries. Our results reveal that the CCL2-CCR2 astrocyte-cancer cell axis plays a fundamental role in extravasation and, consequently, metastasis to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Hajal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yoojin Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Leanne Li
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jean Carlos Serrano
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tyler Jacks
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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35
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Stock C. Circulating Tumor Cells: Does Ion Transport Contribute to Intravascular Survival, Adhesion, Extravasation, and Metastatic Organotropism? Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 182:139-175. [DOI: 10.1007/112_2021_68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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