1
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Soro-Arnáiz I, Fitzgerald G, Cherkaoui S, Zhang J, Gilardoni P, Ghosh A, Bar-Nur O, Masschelein E, Maechler P, Zamboni N, Poms M, Cremonesi A, Garcia-Cañaveras JC, De Bock K, Morscher RJ. GLUD1 determines murine muscle stem cell fate by controlling mitochondrial glutamate levels. Dev Cell 2024:S1534-5807(24)00455-6. [PMID: 39121856 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) enable muscle growth and regeneration after exercise or injury, but how metabolism controls their regenerative potential is poorly understood. We describe that primary metabolic changes can determine murine MuSC fate decisions. We found that glutamine anaplerosis into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle decreases during MuSC differentiation and coincides with decreased expression of the mitochondrial glutamate deaminase GLUD1. Deletion of Glud1 in proliferating MuSCs resulted in precocious differentiation and fusion, combined with loss of self-renewal in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, deleting Glud1 caused mitochondrial glutamate accumulation and inhibited the malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS). The resulting defect in transporting NADH-reducing equivalents into the mitochondria induced compartment-specific NAD+/NADH ratio shifts. MAS activity restoration or directly altering NAD+/NADH ratios normalized myogenesis. In conclusion, GLUD1 prevents deleterious mitochondrial glutamate accumulation and inactivation of the MAS in proliferating MuSCs. It thereby acts as a compartment-specific metabolic brake on MuSC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Soro-Arnáiz
- Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Schwerzenbach, 8603 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gillian Fitzgerald
- Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Schwerzenbach, 8603 Zurich, Switzerland; Pediatric Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, Children's Research Center, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Oncology, University Children's Hospital Zurich and Children's Research Center, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Cherkaoui
- Pediatric Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, Children's Research Center, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Oncology, University Children's Hospital Zurich and Children's Research Center, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jing Zhang
- Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Schwerzenbach, 8603 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paola Gilardoni
- Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Schwerzenbach, 8603 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adhideb Ghosh
- Laboratory of Regenerative and Movement Biology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, 8603 Zurich, Switzerland; Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ori Bar-Nur
- Laboratory of Regenerative and Movement Biology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, 8603 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Evi Masschelein
- Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Schwerzenbach, 8603 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Maechler
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Center, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Zamboni
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, 8049 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Poms
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alessio Cremonesi
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Katrien De Bock
- Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Schwerzenbach, 8603 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Raphael Johannes Morscher
- Pediatric Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, Children's Research Center, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Oncology, University Children's Hospital Zurich and Children's Research Center, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Human Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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2
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Zhang KH, Zhang FF, Zhang ZL, Fang KF, Sun WX, Kong N, Wu M, Liu HO, Liu Y, Li Z, Cai QQ, Wang Y, Wei QW, Lin PC, Lin Y, Xu W, Xu CJ, Yuan YY, Zhao SM. Follicle stimulating hormone controls granulosa cell glutamine synthesis to regulate ovulation. Protein Cell 2024; 15:512-529. [PMID: 38167949 PMCID: PMC11214834 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwad065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the leading cause of anovulatory infertility. Inadequate understanding of the ovulation drivers hinders PCOS intervention. Herein, we report that follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) controls follicular fluid (FF) glutamine levels to determine ovulation. Murine ovulation starts from FF-exposing granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis. FF glutamine, which decreases in pre-ovulation porcine FF, elevates in PCOS patients FF. High-glutamine chow to elevate FF glutamine inhibits mouse GC apoptosis and induces hormonal, metabolic, and morphologic PCOS traits. Mechanistically, follicle-development-driving FSH promotes GC glutamine synthesis to elevate FF glutamine, which maintain follicle wall integrity by inhibiting GC apoptosis through inactivating ASK1-JNK apoptotic pathway. FSH and glutamine inhibit the rapture of cultured murine follicles. Glutamine removal or ASK1-JNK pathway activation with metformin or AT-101 reversed PCOS traits in PCOS models that are induced with either glutamine or EsR1-KO. These suggest that glutamine, FSH, and ASK1-JNK pathway are targetable to alleviate PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hui Zhang
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling, and Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University (Jinan Children’s Hospital), Jinan 250022, China
| | - Fei-Fei Zhang
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhang
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling, and Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ke-Fei Fang
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Wen-Xing Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Na Kong
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Min Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hai-Ou Liu
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yan Liu
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Zhi Li
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Qing-Qing Cai
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yang Wang
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Quan-Wei Wei
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Lin
- Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai University for Nationalities, Xining 810007, China
| | - Yan Lin
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling, and Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Xu
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling, and Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Cong-Jian Xu
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yi-Yuan Yuan
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling, and Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shi-Min Zhao
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling, and Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai University for Nationalities, Xining 810007, China
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3
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Jackson BT, Finley LWS. Metabolic regulation of the hallmarks of stem cell biology. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:161-180. [PMID: 38306993 PMCID: PMC10842269 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Stem cells perform many different functions, each of which requires specific metabolic adaptations. Over the past decades, studies of pluripotent and tissue stem cells have uncovered a range of metabolic preferences and strategies that correlate with or exert control over specific cell states. This review aims to describe the common themes that emerge from the study of stem cell metabolism: (1) metabolic pathways supporting stem cell proliferation, (2) metabolic pathways maintaining stem cell quiescence, (3) metabolic control of cellular stress responses and cell death, (4) metabolic regulation of stem cell identity, and (5) metabolic requirements of the stem cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Jackson
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lydia W S Finley
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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4
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Tu SM, Chen JZ, Singh SR, Maraboyina S, Gokden N, Hsu PC, Langford T. Stem Cell Theory of Cancer: Clinical Implications for Cellular Metabolism and Anti-Cancer Metabolomics. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:624. [PMID: 38339375 PMCID: PMC10854810 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Although Otto Warburg may be right about the role of glycolysis versus OXPHOS in cancer metabolism, it remains unclear whether an altered metabolism is causative or correlative and is the main driver or a mere passenger in the pathogenesis of cancer. Currently, most of our successful treatments are designed to eliminate non-cancer stem cells (non-CSCs) such as differentiated cancer cells. When the treatments also happen to control CSCs or the stem-ness niche, it is often unintended, unexpected, or undetected for lack of a pertinent theory about the origin of cancer that clarifies whether cancer is a metabolic, genetic, or stem cell disease. Perhaps cellular context matters. After all, metabolic activity may be different in different cell types and their respective microenvironments-whether it is in a normal progenitor stem cell vs. progeny differentiated cell and whether it is in a malignant CSC vs. non-CSC. In this perspective, we re-examine different types of cellular metabolism, e.g., glycolytic vs. mitochondrial, of glucose, glutamine, arginine, and fatty acids in CSCs and non-CSCs. We revisit the Warburg effect, an obesity epidemic, the aspartame story, and a ketogenic diet. We propose that a pertinent scientific theory about the origin of cancer and of cancer metabolism influences the direction of cancer research as well as the design of drug versus therapy development in cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ming Tu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (J.Z.C.); (S.R.S.)
| | - Jim Z. Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (J.Z.C.); (S.R.S.)
| | - Sunny R. Singh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (J.Z.C.); (S.R.S.)
| | - Sanjay Maraboyina
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Neriman Gokden
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Ping-Ching Hsu
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Timothy Langford
- Department of Urology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
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5
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Zhang C, Meng Y, Han J. Emerging roles of mitochondrial functions and epigenetic changes in the modulation of stem cell fate. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:26. [PMID: 38212548 PMCID: PMC11072137 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05070-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria serve as essential organelles that play a key role in regulating stem cell fate. Mitochondrial dysfunction and stem cell exhaustion are two of the nine distinct hallmarks of aging. Emerging research suggests that epigenetic modification of mitochondria-encoded genes and the regulation of epigenetics by mitochondrial metabolites have an impact on stem cell aging or differentiation. Here, we review how key mitochondrial metabolites and behaviors regulate stem cell fate through an epigenetic approach. Gaining insight into how mitochondria regulate stem cell fate will help us manufacture and preserve clinical-grade stem cells under strict quality control standards, contributing to the development of aging-associated organ dysfunction and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chensong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Junhong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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6
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Sinenko SA, Tomilin AN. Metabolic control of induced pluripotency. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1328522. [PMID: 38274274 PMCID: PMC10808704 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1328522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells of the mammalian epiblast and their cultured counterparts-embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs)-have the capacity to differentiate in all cell types of adult organisms. An artificial process of reactivation of the pluripotency program in terminally differentiated cells was established in 2006, which allowed for the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). This iPSC technology has become an invaluable tool in investigating the molecular mechanisms of human diseases and therapeutic drug development, and it also holds tremendous promise for iPSC applications in regenerative medicine. Since the process of induced reprogramming of differentiated cells to a pluripotent state was discovered, many questions about the molecular mechanisms involved in this process have been clarified. Studies conducted over the past 2 decades have established that metabolic pathways and retrograde mitochondrial signals are involved in the regulation of various aspects of stem cell biology, including differentiation, pluripotency acquisition, and maintenance. During the reprogramming process, cells undergo major transformations, progressing through three distinct stages that are regulated by different signaling pathways, transcription factor networks, and inputs from metabolic pathways. Among the main metabolic features of this process, representing a switch from the dominance of oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis and anabolic processes, are many critical stage-specific metabolic signals that control the path of differentiated cells toward a pluripotent state. In this review, we discuss the achievements in the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of processes controlled by metabolic pathways, and vice versa, during the reprogramming process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Sinenko
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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7
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Todorova PK, Jackson BT, Garg V, Paras KI, Brunner JS, Bridgeman AE, Chen Y, Baksh SC, Yan J, Hadjantonakis AK, Finley LWS. Amino acid intake strategies define pluripotent cell states. Nat Metab 2024; 6:127-140. [PMID: 38172382 PMCID: PMC10842923 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00940-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian preimplantation development is associated with marked metabolic robustness, and embryos can develop under a wide variety of nutrient conditions, including even the complete absence of soluble amino acids. Here we show that mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) capture the unique metabolic state of preimplantation embryos and proliferate in the absence of several essential amino acids. Amino acid independence is enabled by constitutive uptake of exogenous protein through macropinocytosis, alongside a robust lysosomal digestive system. Following transition to more committed states, ESCs reduce digestion of extracellular protein and instead become reliant on exogenous amino acids. Accordingly, amino acid withdrawal selects for ESCs that mimic the preimplantation epiblast. More broadly, we find that all lineages of preimplantation blastocysts exhibit constitutive macropinocytic protein uptake and digestion. Taken together, these results highlight exogenous protein uptake and digestion as an intrinsic feature of preimplantation development and provide insight into the catabolic strategies that enable embryos to sustain viability before implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlina K Todorova
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin T Jackson
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vidur Garg
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katrina I Paras
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julia S Brunner
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna E Bridgeman
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yanyang Chen
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sanjeethan C Baksh
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jielin Yan
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Lydia W S Finley
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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8
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Seo BJ, Na SB, Choi J, Ahn B, Habib O, Park C, Hong K, Do JT. Metabolic and cell cycle shift induced by the deletion of Dnm1l attenuates the dissolution of pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:302. [PMID: 37747543 PMCID: PMC11073397 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04962-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are versatile organelles that continuously change their morphology via fission and fusion. However, the detailed functions of mitochondrial dynamics-related genes in pluripotent stem cells remain largely unclear. Here, we aimed to determine the effects on energy metabolism and differentiation ability of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) following deletion of the mitochondrial fission-related gene Dnml1. Resultant Dnm1l-/- ESCs maintained major pluripotency characteristics. However, Dnm1l-/- ESCs showed several phenotypic changes, including the inhibition of differentiation ability (dissolution of pluripotency). Notably, Dnm1l-/- ESCs maintained the expression of the pluripotency marker Oct4 and undifferentiated colony types upon differentiation induction. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that the most frequently differentially expressed genes were enriched in the glutathione metabolic pathway. Our data suggested that differentiation inhibition of Dnm1l-/- ESCs was primarily due to metabolic shift from glycolysis to OXPHOS, G2/M phase retardation, and high level of Nanog and 2-cell-specific gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Jong Seo
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Bin Na
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhyuk Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongyong Ahn
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Omer Habib
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Chankyu Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwonho Hong
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Tae Do
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Vergnes L, Foucaud B, Cepeda C, Espinosa-Jeffrey A. Metabolomics Profile of the Secretome of Space-Flown Oligodendrocytes. Cells 2023; 12:2249. [PMID: 37759473 PMCID: PMC10528075 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracranial hypertension (ICP) and visual impairment intracranial pressure (VIIP) are some of the sequels of long-term space missions. Here we sought to determine how space microgravity (µG) impacts the metabolomics profile of oligodendrocyte progenitors (OLPs), the myelin-forming cells in the central nervous system. We report increased glutamate and energy metabolism while the OLPs were in space for 26 days. We also show that after space flight, OLPs (SPC OLPs) display significantly increased mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis. These data are in agreement with our previous work using simulated microgravity. In addition, our global metabolomics approach allowed for the discovery of endogenous metabolites secreted by OLPs while in space that are significantly modulated by microgravity. Our results provide, for the first time, relevant information about the energetic state of OLPs while in space and after space flight. The functional and molecular relevance of these specific pathways are promising targets for therapeutic intervention for humans in long-term space missions to the moon, Mars and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Vergnes
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Bernard Foucaud
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (B.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Carlos Cepeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (B.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Araceli Espinosa-Jeffrey
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (B.F.); (C.C.)
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10
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Tian J, Li Y, Bao X, Yang F, Tang X, Jiang Q, Yang C, Yin Y, Yao K. Glutamine boosts intestinal stem cell-mediated small intestinal epithelial development during early weaning: Involvement of WNT signaling. Stem Cell Reports 2023:S2213-6711(23)00191-1. [PMID: 37327782 PMCID: PMC10362502 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Early weaning usually causes small intestine epithelial development abnormality, increasing the risk of gastrointestinal diseases. Glutamine (Gln), enriching in plasma and milk, is widely reported to benefit intestinal health. However, whether Gln affects intestinal stem cell (ISC) activity in response to early weaning is unclear. Here, both the early weaning mice and intestinal organoids were used to study the role of Gln in regulating ISC activities. Results showed that Gln ameliorated early weaning-induced epithelial atrophy and augmented the ISC-mediated epithelial regeneration. Gln deprivation disabled ISC-mediated epithelial regeneration and crypt fission in vitro. Mechanistically, Gln augmented WNT signaling in a dose-dependent manner to regulate ISC activity, while WNT signaling blockage abolished the effects of Gln on ISCs. Together, Gln accelerates stem cell-mediated intestinal epithelial development associated with the augmentation of WNT signaling, which provides novel insights into the mechanism by which Gln promotes intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junquan Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100008, China
| | - Yuying Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100008, China
| | - Xuetai Bao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100008, China
| | - Fan Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100008, China
| | - Xiongzhuo Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China.
| | - Chengbo Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Yulong Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100008, China
| | - Kang Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100008, China.
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11
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Jiang J, Srivastava S, Liu S, Seim G, Claude R, Zhong M, Cao S, Davé U, Kapur R, Mosley AL, Zhang C, Wan J, Fan J, Zhang J. Asparagine starvation suppresses histone demethylation through iron depletion. iScience 2023; 26:106425. [PMID: 37034982 PMCID: PMC10074807 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular α-ketoglutarate is an indispensable substrate for the Jumonji family of histone demethylases (JHDMs) mediating most of the histone demethylation reactions. Since α-ketoglutarate is an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and a product of transamination, its availability is governed by the metabolism of several amino acids. Here, we show that asparagine starvation suppresses global histone demethylation. This process is neither due to the change of expression of histone-modifying enzymes nor due to the change of intracellular levels of α-ketoglutarate. Rather, asparagine starvation reduces the intracellular pool of labile iron, a key co-factor for the JHDMs to function. Mechanistically, asparagine starvation suppresses the expression of the transferrin receptor to limit iron uptake. Furthermore, iron supplementation to the culture medium restores histone demethylation and alters gene expression to accelerate cell death upon asparagine depletion. These results suggest that suppressing iron-dependent histone demethylation is part of the cellular adaptive response to asparagine starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jiang
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sankalp Srivastava
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Gretchen Seim
- Morgridge Institute for Research and Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Rodney Claude
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Minghua Zhong
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sha Cao
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Utpal Davé
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Reuben Kapur
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Amber L. Mosley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jing Fan
- Morgridge Institute for Research and Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Ji Zhang
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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12
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Metabolism-based cardiomyocytes production for regenerative therapy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 176:11-20. [PMID: 36681267 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are currently used in clinical applications such as cardiac regenerative therapy, studying disease models, and drug screening for heart failure. Transplantation of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) can be used as an alternative therapy for heart transplantation. In contrast to differentiated somatic cells, hPSCs possess unique metabolic programs to maintain pluripotency, and understanding their metabolic features can contribute to the development of technologies that can be useful for their clinical applications. The production of hPSC-CMs requires stepwise specification during embryonic development and metabolic regulation is crucial for proper embryonic development. These metabolic features have been applied to hPSC-CM production methods, such as mesoderm induction, specifications for cardiac progenitors, and their maturation. This review describes the metabolic programs in hPSCs and the metabolic regulation in hPSC-CM production for cardiac regenerative therapy.
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13
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Liu Y, Cui DX, Pan Y, Yu SH, Zheng LW, Wan M. Metabolic-epigenetic nexus in regulation of stem cell fate. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:490-502. [PMID: 36157525 PMCID: PMC9350619 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i7.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell fate determination is one of the central questions in stem cell biology, and although its regulation has been studied at genomic and proteomic levels, a variety of biological activities in cells occur at the metabolic level. Metabolomics studies have established the metabolome during stem cell differentiation and have revealed the role of metabolites in stem cell fate determination. While metabolism is considered to play a biological regulatory role as an energy source, recent studies have suggested the nexus between metabolism and epigenetics because several metabolites function as cofactors and substrates in epigenetic mechanisms, including histone modification, DNA methylation, and microRNAs. Additionally, the epigenetic modification is sensitive to the dynamic metabolites and consequently leads to changes in transcription. The nexus between metabolism and epigenetics proposes a novel stem cell-based therapeutic strategy through manipulating metabolites. In the present review, we summarize the possible nexus between metabolic and epigenetic regulation in stem cell fate determination, and discuss the potential preventive and therapeutic strategies via targeting metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Di-Xin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yue Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Si-Han Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li-Wei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Mian Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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14
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Yue H, Tian Y, Feng X, Bo Y, Leng Z, Dong P, Xue C, Wang J. Novel peptides from sea cucumber intestinal hydrolysates promote longitudinal bone growth in adolescent mice through accelerating cell cycle progress by regulating glutamine metabolism. Food Funct 2022; 13:7730-7739. [PMID: 35762389 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01063a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sea cucumber intestines are recognized as a major by-product in the sea cucumber processing industry and have been shown to exhibit bioactive properties. However, whether the sea cucumber intestine is beneficial for osteogenesis remains unknown. In this study, low molecular weight peptides rich in glutamate/glutamine were obtained from sea cucumber intestines (SCIP) by enzymatic hydrolysis, and orally administered to adolescent mice to investigate the effects on longitudinal bone growth. The results showed that the SCIP supplement significantly increased the femur length and new bone formation rate by 9.6% and 56.3%, and elevated the levels of serum osteogenic markers alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Collagen I and osteocalcin (OCN). Notably, H&E staining showed that SCIP significantly increased the height of the growth plate, in which the height of the proliferation zone was elevated by 95.6%. Glutamine is a major determinant of bone growth. SCIP supplement significantly increased glutamine levels in the growth plate by 44.2% and upregulated the expression of glutamine metabolism-related enzymes glutaminase 1 (Gls1) and glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GLUD1) in the growth plate. Furthermore, SCIP supplement upregulated growth plate acetyl coenzyme A levels to promote histone acetylation and accelerated cell cycle progression by upregulating Sox9 expression, thereby contributing to rapid chondrocyte proliferation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report where SCIP could enhance longitudinal bone growth via promoting growth plate chondrocyte proliferation. The present study will provide new ideas and a theoretical basis for the high-value utilization of sea cucumber intestines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shangdong, China.
| | - Yingying Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shangdong, China. .,Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shangdong, China.
| | - Yuying Bo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shangdong, China.
| | - Zhibing Leng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shangdong, China.
| | - Ping Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shangdong, China.
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shangdong, China. .,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shangdong, China.
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15
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Diamante L, Martello G. Metabolic regulation in pluripotent stem cells. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2022; 75:101923. [PMID: 35691147 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2022.101923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have the capacity to give rise to all cell types of the adult body and to expand rapidly while retaining genome integrity, representing a perfect tool for regenerative medicine. PSCs are obtained from preimplantation embryos as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), or by reprogramming of somatic cells as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Understanding the metabolic requirements of PSCs is instrumental for their efficient generation, expansion and differentiation. PSCs reshape their metabolic profile during developmental progression. Fatty acid oxidation is strictly required for energy production in naive PSCs, but becomes dispensable in more advanced, or primed, PSCs. Other metabolites directly affect proliferation, differentiation or the epigenetic profile of PSCs, showing how metabolism plays an instructive role on PSC behaviour. Developmental progression of pluripotent cells can be paused, both in vitro and in vivo, in response to hormonal and metabolic alterations. Such reversible pausing has been recently linked to mammalian target of rapamycin activity, lipid metabolism and mitochondrial activity. Finally, metabolism is not simply regulated by exogenous stimuli or nutrient availability in PSCs, as key pluripotency regulators, such as Oct4, Stat3 and Tfcp2l1, actively shape the metabolic profile of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Diamante
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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16
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Lu V, Roy IJ, Torres A, Joly JH, Ahsan FM, Graham NA, Teitell MA. Glutamine-dependent signaling controls pluripotent stem cell fate. Dev Cell 2022; 57:610-623.e8. [PMID: 35216682 PMCID: PMC8930616 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can self-renew indefinitely or can be induced to differentiate. We previously showed that exogenous glutamine (Gln) withdrawal biased hPSC differentiation toward ectoderm and away from mesoderm. We revealed that, although all three germ lineages are capable of de novo Gln synthesis, only ectoderm generates sufficient Gln to sustain cell viability and differentiation, and this finding clarifies lineage fate restrictions under Gln withdrawal. Furthermore, we found that Gln acts as a signaling molecule for ectoderm that supersedes lineage-specifying cytokine induction. In contrast, Gln in mesoderm and endoderm is the preferred precursor of α-ketoglutarate without a direct signaling role. Our work raises a question about whether the nutrient environment functions directly in cell differentiation during development. Interestingly, transcriptome analysis of a gastrulation-stage human embryo shows that unique Gln enzyme-encoding gene expression patterns may also distinguish germ lineages in vivo. Together, our study suggests that intracellular Gln may help coordinate differentiation of the three germ layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Lu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Irena J Roy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alejandro Torres
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James H Joly
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Fasih M Ahsan
- Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas A Graham
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Michael A Teitell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Department of Pediatrics, California NanoSystems Institute, and Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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17
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Zhang W, Li J, Duan Y, Li Y, Sun Y, Sun H, Yu X, Gao X, Zhang C, Zhang H, Shi Y, He X. Metabolic Regulation: A Potential Strategy for Rescuing Stem Cell Senescence. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1728-1742. [PMID: 35258787 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10348-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell senescence and exhaustion are closely related to organ failure and individual aging, which not only induces age-related diseases, but also hinders stem cell applications in regenerative medicine. Thus, it's imminent to find effective ways to delay and retrieve stem cell senescence. Metabolic abnormalities are one of the main characteristics of age-associated declines in stem cell function. Understanding the underlying mechanisms may reveal potential strategies for ameliorating age-associated phenotypes and treating age-related diseases. This review focuses on recent advances in the association between metabolism including glucose, lipid, glutamine and NAD+ metabolism and stem cell senescence, as well as the other properties like proliferation and differentiation. Layers of studies are summarized to demonstrate how metabolism varies in senescent stem cells and how metabolic reprogramming regulates stem cell senescence. Additionally, we mentioned some recent progress in therapeutic strategies to rejuvenate dysfunctional aged stem cells. Finally, a brief conclusion about the prospect of metabolic regulation as a potential strategy for rescuing stem cell senescence is displayed. Stem cell senescence is induced by the metabolic reprogramming. The metabolic alterations of glucose, lipid, glutamine and NAD+ can conversely facilitate or inhibit stem cell senescence. Glycolysis, OXPHOS and PPP are all attenuated. But gluconeogenesis alterations still remain unclear. In lipid metabolisms, both FAO and DNL are suppressed. As for the glutamine metabolism, stem cells' dependence on glutamine is enhanced. Last, NAD+ metabolism undergoes a down-regulated synthesis and up-regulated consumption. All these alterations can be potential targets for reversing stem cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yuchi Duan
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yanlin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hui Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xingyu Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yingai Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xu He
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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18
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A non-canonical tricarboxylic acid cycle underlies cellular identity. Nature 2022; 603:477-481. [PMID: 35264789 PMCID: PMC8934290 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04475-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is a central hub of cellular metabolism, oxidizing nutrients to generate reducing equivalents for energy production and critical metabolites for biosynthetic reactions. Despite the importance of the products of the TCA cycle for cell viability and proliferation, mammalian cells display diversity in TCA-cycle activity1,2. How this diversity is achieved, and whether it is critical for establishing cell fate, remains poorly understood. Here we identify a non-canonical TCA cycle that is required for changes in cell state. Genetic co-essentiality mapping revealed a cluster of genes that is sufficient to compose a biochemical alternative to the canonical TCA cycle, wherein mitochondrially derived citrate exported to the cytoplasm is metabolized by ATP citrate lyase, ultimately regenerating mitochondrial oxaloacetate to complete this non-canonical TCA cycle. Manipulating the expression of ATP citrate lyase or the canonical TCA-cycle enzyme aconitase 2 in mouse myoblasts and embryonic stem cells revealed that changes in the configuration of the TCA cycle accompany cell fate transitions. During exit from pluripotency, embryonic stem cells switch from canonical to non-canonical TCA-cycle metabolism. Accordingly, blocking the non-canonical TCA cycle prevents cells from exiting pluripotency. These results establish a context-dependent alternative to the traditional TCA cycle and reveal that appropriate TCA-cycle engagement is required for changes in cell state.
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19
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Metabolism in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells and Cardiomyocytes for Regenerative Therapy. Keio J Med 2022; 71:55-61. [DOI: 10.2302/kjm.2021-0015-ir] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Sanhueza Salas LF, García-Venzor A, Beltramone N, Capurro C, Toiber D, Silberman DM. Metabolic Imbalance Effect on Retinal Müller Glial Cells Reprogramming Capacity: Involvement of Histone Deacetylase SIRT6. Front Genet 2021; 12:769723. [PMID: 34804128 PMCID: PMC8599966 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.769723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal Müller glial cells (MGs) are among the first to demonstrate metabolic changes during retinal disease and are a potential source of regenerative cells. In response to a harmful stimulus, they can dedifferentiate acquiring neural stem cells properties, proliferate and migrate to the damaged retinal layer and differentiate into lost neurons. However, it is not yet known how this reprogramming process is regulated in mammals. Since glucose and oxygen are important regulatory elements that may help directing stem cell fate, we aimed to study the effect of glucose variations and oxidative stress in Müller cells reprogramming capacity and analyze the participation the histone deacetylase SIRT6, as an epigenetic modulator of this process. We found that the combination of high glucose and oxidative stress induced a decrease in the levels of the marker glutamine synthetase, and an increase in the migration capacity of the cells suggesting that these experimental conditions could induce some degree of dedifferentiation and favor the migration ability. High glucose induced an increase in the levels of the pluripotent factor SOX9 and a decrease in SIRT6 levels accompanied by the increase in the acetylation levels of H3K9. Inhibiting SIRT6 expression by siRNA rendered an increase in SOX9 levels. We also determined SOX9 levels in retinas from mice with a conditional deletion of SIRT6 in the CNS. To further understand the mechanisms that regulate MGs response under metabolic impaired conditions, we evaluated the gene expression profile and performed Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of Müller cells from a murine model of Diabetes. We found several differentially expressed genes and observed that the transcriptomic change involved the enrichment of genes associated with glucose metabolism, cell migration, development and pluripotency. We found that many functional categories affected in cells of diabetic animals were directly related to SIRT6 function. Transcription factors enrichment analysis allowed us to predict several factors, including SOX9, that may be involved in the modulation of the differential expression program observed in diabetic MGs. Our results underline the heterogeneity of Müller cells response and the challenge that the study of metabolic impairment in vivo represents.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Francisco Sanhueza Salas
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO-UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alfredo García-Venzor
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.,The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Natalia Beltramone
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica "Bernardo Houssay" (IFIBIO-HOUSSAY), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Capurro
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica "Bernardo Houssay" (IFIBIO-HOUSSAY), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Debra Toiber
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.,The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Dafne Magalí Silberman
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO-UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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21
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Lu V, Roy IJ, Teitell MA. Nutrients in the fate of pluripotent stem cells. Cell Metab 2021; 33:2108-2121. [PMID: 34644538 PMCID: PMC8568661 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells model certain features of early mammalian development ex vivo. Medium-supplied nutrients can influence self-renewal, lineage specification, and earliest differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. However, which specific nutrients support these distinct outcomes, and their mechanisms of action, remain under active investigation. Here, we evaluate the available data on nutrients and their metabolic conversion that influence pluripotent stem cell fates. We also discuss key questions open for investigation in this rapidly expanding area of increasing fundamental and practical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Lu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Irena J Roy
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michael A Teitell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, California NanoSystems Institute, and Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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22
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Redox Homeostasis and Regulation in Pluripotent Stem Cells: Uniqueness or Versatility? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010946. [PMID: 34681606 PMCID: PMC8535588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) hold great potential both in studies on developmental biology and clinical practice. Mitochondrial metabolism that encompasses pathways that generate ATP and produce ROS significantly differs between PSCs and somatic cells. Correspondingly, for quite a long time it was believed that the redox homeostasis in PSCs is also highly specific due to the hypoxic niche of their origin-within the pre-implantation blastocyst. However, recent research showed that redox parameters of cultivated PSCs have much in common with that of their differentiated progeny cells. Moreover, it has been proven that, similar to somatic cells, maintaining the physiological ROS level is critical for the regulation of PSC identity, proliferation, differentiation, and de-differentiation. In this review, we aimed to summarize the studies of redox metabolism and signaling in PSCs to compare the redox profiles of pluripotent and differentiated somatic cells. We collected evidence that PSCs possess metabolic plasticity and are able to adapt to both hypoxia and normoxia, that pluripotency is not strictly associated with anaerobic conditions, and that cellular redox homeostasis is similar in PSCs and many other somatic cells under in vitro conditions that may be explained by the high conservatism of the redox regulation system.
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23
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Cable J, Pourquié O, Wellen KE, Finley LWS, Aulehla A, Gould AP, Teleman A, Tu WB, Garrett WS, Miguel-Aliaga I, Perrimon N, Hooper LV, Walhout AJM, Wei W, Alexandrov T, Erez A, Ralser M, Rabinowitz JD, Hemalatha A, Gutiérrez-Pérez P, Chandel NS, Rutter J, Locasale JW, Landoni JC, Christofk H. Metabolic decisions in development and disease-a Keystone Symposia report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1506:55-73. [PMID: 34414571 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing appreciation for the role of metabolism in cell signaling and cell decision making. Precise metabolic control is essential in development, as evident by the disorders caused by mutations in metabolic enzymes. The metabolic profile of cells is often cell-type specific, changing as cells differentiate or during tumorigenesis. Recent evidence has shown that changes in metabolism are not merely a consequence of changes in cell state but that metabolites can serve to promote and/or inhibit these changes. Metabolites can link metabolic pathways with cell signaling pathways via several mechanisms, for example, by serving as substrates for protein post-translational modifications, by affecting enzyme activity via allosteric mechanisms, or by altering epigenetic markers. Unraveling the complex interactions governing metabolism, gene expression, and protein activity that ultimately govern a cell's fate will require new tools and interactions across disciplines. On March 24 and 25, 2021, experts in cell metabolism, developmental biology, and human disease met virtually for the Keystone eSymposium, "Metabolic Decisions in Development and Disease." The discussions explored how metabolites impact cellular and developmental decisions in a diverse range of model systems used to investigate normal development, developmental disorders, dietary effects, and cancer-mediated changes in metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivier Pourquié
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lydia W S Finley
- Cell Biology Program and Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Alexander Aulehla
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Aurelio Teleman
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - William B Tu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wendy Sarah Garrett
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health and Dana-Farber Cancer, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Irene Miguel-Aliaga
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences and Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School and Howard Hughes Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lora V Hooper
- Department of Immunology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - A J Marian Walhout
- Program in Systems Biology and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Department of Biology and Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Theodore Alexandrov
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit and Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ayelet Erez
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Markus Ralser
- Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.,Department of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Department of Chemistry and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Anupama Hemalatha
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Paula Gutiérrez-Pérez
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center Metabolomics Core, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jared Rutter
- Department of Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Juan C Landoni
- Research Program in Stem Cells and Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heather Christofk
- Departments of Biological Chemistry and Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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24
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Parker SJ, Encarnación-Rosado J, Hollinshead KER, Hollinshead DM, Ash LJ, Rossi JAK, Lin EY, Sohn ASW, Philips MR, Jones DR, Kimmelman AC. Spontaneous hydrolysis and spurious metabolic properties of α-ketoglutarate esters. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4905. [PMID: 34385458 PMCID: PMC8361106 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
α-ketoglutarate (KG), also referred to as 2-oxoglutarate, is a key intermediate of cellular metabolism with pleiotropic functions. Cell-permeable esterified analogs are widely used to study how KG fuels bioenergetic and amino acid metabolism and DNA, RNA, and protein hydroxylation reactions, as cellular membranes are thought to be impermeable to KG. Here we show that esterified KG analogs rapidly hydrolyze in aqueous media, yielding KG that, in contrast to prevailing assumptions, imports into many cell lines. Esterified KG analogs exhibit spurious KG-independent effects on cellular metabolism, including extracellular acidification, arising from rapid hydrolysis and de-protonation of α-ketoesters, and significant analog-specific inhibitory effects on glycolysis or mitochondrial respiration. We observe that imported KG decarboxylates to succinate in the cytosol and contributes minimally to mitochondrial metabolism in many cell lines cultured in normal conditions. These findings demonstrate that nuclear and cytosolic KG-dependent reactions may derive KG from functionally distinct subcellular pools and sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth J Parker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Joel Encarnación-Rosado
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kate E R Hollinshead
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Leonard J Ash
- Division of Advanced Research Technologies, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juan A K Rossi
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elaine Y Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Albert S W Sohn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark R Philips
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Drew R Jones
- Division of Advanced Research Technologies, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alec C Kimmelman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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25
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Shen Y, Zhang Y, Li W, Chen K, Xiang M, Ma H. Glutamine metabolism: from proliferating cells to cardiomyocytes. Metabolism 2021; 121:154778. [PMID: 33901502 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine is a major energy source for rapidly dividing cells, such as hematopoietic stem cells and cancer cells. Reliance on glutamine is therefore regarded as a metabolic hallmark of proliferating cells. Moreover, reprogramming glutamine metabolism by various factors, including tissue type, microenvironment, pro-oncogenes, and tumor suppressor genes, can facilitate stem cell fate decisions, tumor recurrence, and drug resistance. However, the significance of glutamine metabolism in cardiomyocytes, an end-differentiated cell type, is not fully understood. Existing evidence suggests important roles of glutamine metabolism in the development of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we have focused on glutaminolysis and its regulatory network in proliferating cells. We have summarized current findings about the role of glutamine utilization in cardiomyocytes and have discussed possibilities of targeting glutamine metabolism for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Wudi Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Kaijie Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Meixiang Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
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26
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Mosteiro L, Hariri H, van den Ameele J. Metabolic decisions in development and disease. Development 2021; 148:269093. [PMID: 34117889 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The intimate relationships between cell fate and metabolism have long been recognized, but a mechanistic understanding of how metabolic pathways are dynamically regulated during development and disease, how they interact with signalling pathways, and how they affect differential gene expression is only emerging now. We summarize the key findings and the major themes that emerged from the virtual Keystone Symposium 'Metabolic Decisions in Development and Disease' held in March 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluc Mosteiro
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Hanaa Hariri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Jelle van den Ameele
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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27
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Chakrabarty RP, Chandel NS. Mitochondria as Signaling Organelles Control Mammalian Stem Cell Fate. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:394-408. [PMID: 33667360 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence supports the notion that mitochondrial metabolism is necessary for the determination of stem cell fate. Historically, mitochondrial metabolism is linked to the production of ATP and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites to support stem cell survival and growth, respectively. However, it is now clear that beyond these canonical roles, mitochondria as signaling organelles dictate stem cell fate and function. In this review, we focus on key conceptual ideas on how mitochondria control mammalian stem cell fate and function through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, TCA cycle metabolite production, NAD+/NADH ratio regulation, pyruvate metabolism, and mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Prosad Chakrabarty
- Department of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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28
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Yan H, Malik N, Kim YI, He Y, Li M, Dubois W, Liu H, Peat TJ, Nguyen JT, Tseng YC, Ayaz G, Alzamzami W, Chan K, Andresson T, Tessarollo L, Mock BA, Lee MP, Huang J. Fatty acid oxidation is required for embryonic stem cell survival during metabolic stress. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52122. [PMID: 33950553 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202052122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic regulation is critical for the maintenance of pluripotency and the survival of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The transcription factor Tfcp2l1 has emerged as a key factor for the naïve pluripotency of ESCs. Here, we report an unexpected role of Tfcp2l1 in metabolic regulation in ESCs-promoting the survival of ESCs through regulating fatty acid oxidation (FAO) under metabolic stress. Tfcp2l1 directly activates many metabolic genes in ESCs. Deletion of Tfcp2l1 leads to an FAO defect associated with upregulation of glucose uptake, the TCA cycle, and glutamine catabolism. Mechanistically, Tfcp2l1 activates FAO by inducing Cpt1a, a rate-limiting enzyme transporting free fatty acids into the mitochondria. ESCs with defective FAO are sensitive to cell death induced by glycolysis inhibition and glutamine deprivation. Moreover, the Tfcp2l1-Cpt1a-FAO axis promotes the survival of quiescent ESCs and diapause-like blastocysts induced by mTOR inhibition. Thus, our results reveal how ESCs orchestrate pluripotent and metabolic programs to ensure their survival in response to metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualong Yan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Navdeep Malik
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Young-Im Kim
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yunlong He
- Sequencing Facility, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Mangmang Li
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wendy Dubois
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Huaitian Liu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tyler J Peat
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joe T Nguyen
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yu-Chou Tseng
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gamze Ayaz
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Waseem Alzamzami
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - King Chan
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Protein Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Thorkell Andresson
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Protein Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Lino Tessarollo
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Beverly A Mock
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maxwell P Lee
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jing Huang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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29
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Someya S, Tohyama S, Kameda K, Tanosaki S, Morita Y, Sasaki K, Kang MI, Kishino Y, Okada M, Tani H, Soma Y, Nakajima K, Umei T, Sekine O, Moriwaki T, Kanazawa H, Kobayashi E, Fujita J, Fukuda K. Tryptophan Metabolism Regulates Proliferative Capacity of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. iScience 2021; 24:102090. [PMID: 33615198 PMCID: PMC7878994 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have a unique metabolic signature for maintenance of pluripotency, self-renewal, and survival. Although hPSCs could be potentially used in regenerative medicine, the prohibitive cost associated with large-scale cell culture presents a major barrier to the clinical application of hPSC. Moreover, without a fully characterized metabolic signature, hPSC culture conditions are not optimized. Here, we performed detailed amino acid profiling and found that tryptophan (TRP) plays a key role in the proliferation with maintenance of pluripotency. In addition, metabolome analyses revealed that intra- and extracellular kynurenine (KYN) is decreased under TRP-supplemented conditions, whereas N-formylkynurenine (NFK), the upstream metabolite of KYN, is increased thereby contributing to proliferation promotion. Taken together, we demonstrate that TRP is indispensable for survival and proliferation of hPSCs. A deeper understanding of TRP metabolism will enable cost-effective large-scale production of hPSCs, leading to advances in regenerative medicine. TRP is the only AA that enables enhanced hPSC proliferation by supplementation hPSCs proliferate with pluripotency after long-term culture in TRP supplementation The proliferative properties of hPSCs are independent of AhR signaling TRP-derived NFK contributes to enhanced hPSC proliferation
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Someya
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shugo Tohyama
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.,Department of Organ Fabrication, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kotaro Kameda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Sho Tanosaki
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuika Morita
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazunori Sasaki
- Human Metabolome Technologies, Inc., Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Moon-Il Kang
- Human Metabolome Technologies, Inc., Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kishino
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Marina Okada
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hidenori Tani
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yusuke Soma
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nakajima
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Umei
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Otoya Sekine
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Taijun Moriwaki
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kanazawa
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Eiji Kobayashi
- Department of Organ Fabrication, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Jun Fujita
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.,Endowed Course for Severe Heart Failure Treatment II, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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30
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Gonzalez-Menendez P, Romano M, Yan H, Deshmukh R, Papoin J, Oburoglu L, Daumur M, Dumé AS, Phadke I, Mongellaz C, Qu X, Bories PN, Fontenay M, An X, Dardalhon V, Sitbon M, Zimmermann VS, Gallagher PG, Tardito S, Blanc L, Mohandas N, Taylor N, Kinet S. An IDH1-vitamin C crosstalk drives human erythroid development by inhibiting pro-oxidant mitochondrial metabolism. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108723. [PMID: 33535038 PMCID: PMC9169698 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic changes controlling the stepwise differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to mature erythrocytes are poorly understood. Here, we show that HSPC development to an erythroid-committed proerythroblast results in augmented glutaminolysis, generating alpha-ketoglutarate (αKG) and driving mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). However, sequential late-stage erythropoiesis is dependent on decreasing αKG-driven OXPHOS, and we find that isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) plays a central role in this process. IDH1 downregulation augments mitochondrial oxidation of αKG and inhibits reticulocyte generation. Furthermore, IDH1 knockdown results in the generation of multinucleated erythroblasts, a morphological abnormality characteristic of myelodysplastic syndrome and congenital dyserythropoietic anemia. We identify vitamin C homeostasis as a critical regulator of ineffective erythropoiesis; oxidized ascorbate increases mitochondrial superoxide and significantly exacerbates the abnormal erythroblast phenotype of IDH1-downregulated progenitors, whereas vitamin C, scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reprogramming mitochondrial metabolism, rescues erythropoiesis. Thus, an IDH1-vitamin C crosstalk controls terminal steps of human erythroid differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Gonzalez-Menendez
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France.
| | - Manuela Romano
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France
| | - Hongxia Yan
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruhi Deshmukh
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Julien Papoin
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Leal Oburoglu
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France
| | - Marie Daumur
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Dumé
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France
| | - Ira Phadke
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France; Pediatric Oncology Branch, NCI, CCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cédric Mongellaz
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France
| | - Xiaoli Qu
- New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Phuong-Nhi Bories
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Michaela Fontenay
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France; Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Xiuli An
- New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valérie Dardalhon
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France
| | - Marc Sitbon
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France
| | - Valérie S Zimmermann
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France
| | - Patrick G Gallagher
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Lionel Blanc
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | | | - Naomi Taylor
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France; Pediatric Oncology Branch, NCI, CCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Sandrina Kinet
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France.
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Pelaz SG, Jaraíz-Rodríguez M, Álvarez-Vázquez A, Talaverón R, García-Vicente L, Flores-Hernández R, Gómez de Cedrón M, Tabernero M, Ramírez de Molina A, Lillo C, Medina JM, Tabernero A. Targeting metabolic plasticity in glioma stem cells in vitro and in vivo through specific inhibition of c-Src by TAT-Cx43 266-283. EBioMedicine 2020; 62:103134. [PMID: 33254027 PMCID: PMC7708820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma is the most aggressive primary brain tumour and has a very poor prognosis. Inhibition of c-Src activity in glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs, responsible for glioblastoma lethality) and primary glioblastoma cells by the peptide TAT-Cx43266–283 reduces tumorigenicity, and boosts survival in preclinical models. Because c-Src can modulate cell metabolism and several reports revealed poor clinical efficacy of various antitumoral drugs due to metabolic rewiring in cancer cells, here we explored the inhibition of advantageous GSC metabolic plasticity by the c-Src inhibitor TAT-Cx43266-283. Methods Metabolic impairment induced by the c-Src inhibitor TAT-Cx43266-283 in vitro was assessed by fluorometry, western blotting, immunofluorescence, qPCR, enzyme activity assays, electron microscopy, Seahorse analysis, time-lapse imaging, siRNA, and MTT assays. Protein expression in tumours from a xenograft orthotopic glioblastoma mouse model was evaluated by immunofluorescence. Findings TAT-Cx43266–283 decreased glucose uptake in human GSCs and reduced oxidative phosphorylation without a compensatory increase in glycolysis, with no effect on brain cell metabolism, including rat neurons, human and rat astrocytes, and human neural stem cells. TAT-Cx43266-283 impaired metabolic plasticity, reducing GSC growth and survival under different nutrient environments. Finally, GSCs intracranially implanted with TAT-Cx43266–283 showed decreased levels of important metabolic targets for cancer therapy, such as hexokinase-2 and GLUT-3. Interpretation The reduced ability of TAT-Cx43266-283–treated GSCs to survive in metabolically challenging settings, such as those with restricted nutrient availability or the ever-changing in vivo environment, allows us to conclude that the advantageous metabolic plasticity of GSCs can be therapeutically exploited through the specific and cell-selective inhibition of c-Src by TAT-Cx43266-283. Funding Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (FEDER BFU2015-70040-R and FEDER RTI2018-099873-B-I00), Fundación Ramón Areces. Fellowships from the Junta de Castilla y León, European Social Fund, Ministerio de Ciencia and Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (AECC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara G Pelaz
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Universidad de Salamanca, Edificio Departamental, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Virgen de la Vega, 10ª planta, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Myriam Jaraíz-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Universidad de Salamanca, Edificio Departamental, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Virgen de la Vega, 10ª planta, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Andrea Álvarez-Vázquez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Universidad de Salamanca, Edificio Departamental, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Virgen de la Vega, 10ª planta, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Rocío Talaverón
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Universidad de Salamanca, Edificio Departamental, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Virgen de la Vega, 10ª planta, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Laura García-Vicente
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Universidad de Salamanca, Edificio Departamental, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Virgen de la Vega, 10ª planta, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Raquel Flores-Hernández
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Universidad de Salamanca, Edificio Departamental, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Virgen de la Vega, 10ª planta, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Marta Gómez de Cedrón
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer Group, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Carretera de Canto Blanco 8 E, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - María Tabernero
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer Group, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Carretera de Canto Blanco 8 E, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer Group, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Carretera de Canto Blanco 8 E, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Concepción Lillo
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Virgen de la Vega, 10ª planta, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - José M Medina
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Universidad de Salamanca, Edificio Departamental, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Virgen de la Vega, 10ª planta, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Arantxa Tabernero
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Universidad de Salamanca, Edificio Departamental, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Virgen de la Vega, 10ª planta, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, Salamanca 37007, Spain.
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Boon R, Silveira GG, Mostoslavsky R. Nuclear metabolism and the regulation of the epigenome. Nat Metab 2020; 2:1190-1203. [PMID: 33046909 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cellular metabolism has emerged as a major biological node governing cellular behaviour. Metabolic pathways fuel cellular energy needs, providing basic chemical molecules to sustain cellular homeostasis, proliferation and function. Changes in nutrient consumption or availability therefore can result in complete reprogramming of cellular metabolism towards stabilizing core metabolite pools, such as ATP, S-adenosyl methionine, acetyl-CoA, NAD/NADP and α-ketoglutarate. Because these metabolites underlie a variety of essential metabolic reactions, metabolism has evolved to operate in separate subcellular compartments through diversification of metabolic enzyme complexes, oscillating metabolic activity and physical separation of metabolite pools. Given that these same core metabolites are also consumed by chromatin modifiers in the establishment of epigenetic signatures, metabolite consumption on and release from chromatin directly influence cellular metabolism and gene expression. In this Review, we highlight recent studies describing the mechanisms determining nuclear metabolism and governing the redistribution of metabolites between the nuclear and non-nuclear compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Boon
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Giorgia G Silveira
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Raul Mostoslavsky
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Metabolic Coordination of Cell Fate by α-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenases. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 31:24-36. [PMID: 33092942 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell fate determination requires faithful execution of gene expression programs, which are increasingly recognized to respond to metabolic inputs. In particular, the family of α-ketoglutarate (αKG)-dependent dioxygenases, which include several chromatin-modifying enzymes, are emerging as key mediators of metabolic control of cell fate. αKG-dependent dioxygenases consume the metabolite αKG (also known as 2-oxoglutarate) as an obligate cosubstrate and are inhibited by succinate, fumarate, and 2-hydroxyglutarate. Here, we review the role of these metabolites in the control of dioxygenase activity and cell fate programs. We discuss the biochemical and transcriptional mechanisms enabling these metabolites to control cell fate and review evidence that nutrient availability shapes tissue-specific fate programs via αKG-dependent dioxygenases.
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34
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Impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation limits the self-renewal of T cells exposed to persistent antigen. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:1022-1033. [PMID: 32661364 PMCID: PMC7442749 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0725-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The majority of tumor-infiltrating T cells exhibit a terminally exhausted phenotype, marked by a loss of self-renewal capacity. How repetitive antigenic stimulation impairs T cell self-renewal remains poorly defined. Here we show that persistent antigenic stimulation impaired ADP-coupled oxidative phosphorylation. The resultant bioenergetic compromise blocked proliferation by limiting nucleotide triphosphate synthesis. Inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in activated T cells was sufficient to suppress proliferation and upregulate genes linked to T cell exhaustion. Conversely, prevention of mitochondrial oxidative stress during chronic T cell stimulation allowed sustained T cell proliferation and induced genes associated with stem-like progenitor T cells. As a result, antioxidant treatment enhanced the anti-tumor efficacy of chronically stimulated T cells. These data reveal that loss of ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation limits T cell proliferation and effector function during chronic antigenic stimulation. Furthermore, treatments that maintain redox balance promote T cell self-renewal and enhance anti-tumor immunity.
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35
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Julian LM, Stanford WL. Organelle Cooperation in Stem Cell Fate: Lysosomes as Emerging Regulators of Cell Identity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:591. [PMID: 32733892 PMCID: PMC7358313 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of stem cell fate is best understood at the level of gene and protein regulatory networks, though it is now clear that multiple cellular organelles also have critical impacts. A growing appreciation for the functional interconnectedness of organelles suggests that an orchestration of integrated biological networks functions to drive stem cell fate decisions and regulate metabolism. Metabolic signaling itself has emerged as an integral regulator of cell fate including the determination of identity, activation state, survival, and differentiation potential of many developmental, adult, disease, and cancer-associated stem cell populations and their progeny. As the primary adenosine triphosphate-generating organelles, mitochondria are well-known regulators of stem cell fate decisions, yet it is now becoming apparent that additional organelles such as the lysosome are important players in mediating these dynamic decisions. In this review, we will focus on the emerging role of organelles, in particular lysosomes, in the reprogramming of both metabolic networks and stem cell fate decisions, especially those that impact the determination of cell identity. We will discuss the inter-organelle interactions, cell signaling pathways, and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms with which lysosomes engage and how these activities impact metabolic signaling. We will further review recent data that position lysosomes as critical regulators of cell identity determination programs and discuss the known or putative biological mechanisms. Finally, we will briefly highlight the potential impact of elucidating mechanisms by which lysosomes regulate stem cell identity on our understanding of disease pathogenesis, as well as the development of refined regenerative medicine, biomarker, and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Julian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - William L. Stanford
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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36
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Histone Acetyltransferase MOF Blocks Acquisition of Quiescence in Ground-State ESCs through Activating Fatty Acid Oxidation. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:441-458.e10. [PMID: 32610040 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Self-renewing embryonic stem cells (ESCs) respond to environmental cues by exiting pluripotency or entering a quiescent state. The molecular basis underlying this fate choice remains unclear. Here, we show that histone acetyltransferase MOF plays a critical role in this process through directly activating fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in the ground-state ESCs. We further show that the ground-state ESCs particularly rely on elevated FAO for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and energy production. Mof deletion or FAO inhibition induces bona fide quiescent ground-state ESCs with an intact core pluripotency network and transcriptome signatures akin to the diapaused epiblasts in vivo. Mechanistically, MOF/FAO inhibition acts through reducing mitochondrial respiration (i.e., OXPHOS), which in turn triggers reversible pluripotent quiescence specifically in the ground-state ESCs. The inhibition of FAO/OXPHOS also induces quiescence in naive human ESCs. Our study suggests a general function of the MOF/FAO/OXPHOS axis in regulating cell fate determination in stem cells.
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37
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Extracellular serine controls epidermal stem cell fate and tumour initiation. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:779-790. [PMID: 32451440 PMCID: PMC7343604 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-0525-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tissue stem cells are the cell of origin for many malignancies. Metabolites regulate the balance between self-renewal and differentiation, but whether endogenous metabolic pathways or nutrient availability predispose stem cells to transformation remains unknown. Here, we address this question in epidermal stem cells (EpdSCs), a cell of origin for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We find that oncogenic EpdSCs are serine auxotrophs whose growth and self-renewal requires abundant exogenous serine. When extracellular serine is limiting, EpdSCs activate de novo serine synthesis, which in turn stimulates αKG-dependent dioxygenases that remove the repressive histone modification H3K27me3 and activate differentiation programs. Accordingly, serine starvation or enforced α-ketoglutarate production antagonizes SCC growth. Conversely, blocking serine synthesis or repressing α-ketoglutarate driven demethylation facilitates malignant progression. Together, these findings reveal that extracellular serine is a critical determinant of EpdSC fate and provide insight into how nutrient availability is integrated with stem cell fate decisions during tumor initiation.
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38
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Boon R, Kumar M, Tricot T, Elia I, Ordovas L, Jacobs F, One J, De Smedt J, Eelen G, Bird M, Roelandt P, Doglioni G, Vriens K, Rossi M, Vazquez MA, Vanwelden T, Chesnais F, El Taghdouini A, Najimi M, Sokal E, Cassiman D, Snoeys J, Monshouwer M, Hu WS, Lange C, Carmeliet P, Fendt SM, Verfaillie CM. Amino acid levels determine metabolism and CYP450 function of hepatocytes and hepatoma cell lines. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1393. [PMID: 32170132 PMCID: PMC7069944 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15058-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting drug-induced liver injury in a preclinical setting remains challenging, as cultured primary human hepatocytes (PHHs), pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs), and hepatoma cells exhibit poor drug biotransformation capacity. We here demonstrate that hepatic functionality depends more on cellular metabolism and extracellular nutrients than on developmental regulators. Specifically, we demonstrate that increasing extracellular amino acids beyond the nutritional need of HLCs and HepG2 cells induces glucose independence, mitochondrial function, and the acquisition of a transcriptional profile that is closer to PHHs. Moreover, we show that these high levels of amino acids are sufficient to drive HLC and HepG2 drug biotransformation and liver-toxin sensitivity to levels similar to those in PHHs. In conclusion, we provide data indicating that extracellular nutrient levels represent a major determinant of cellular maturity and can be utilized to guide stem cell differentiation to the hepatic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Boon
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tine Tricot
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilaria Elia
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Ordovas
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation (BSICoS) Group, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research, IIS Aragón University of Zaragoza, Aragon I + D Foundation (ARAID), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Frank Jacobs
- Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Jennifer One
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jonathan De Smedt
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Eelen
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center of Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthew Bird
- Hepatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philip Roelandt
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Hepatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Translational Research in GastroIntestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ginevra Doglioni
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kim Vriens
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matteo Rossi
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marta Aguirre Vazquez
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Vanwelden
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - François Chesnais
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adil El Taghdouini
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Universit Catholique de Louvain & Cliniques Universitaires St Luc, Institut de Recherche Clinique et Expérimentale (IREC), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Universit Catholique de Louvain & Cliniques Universitaires St Luc, Institut de Recherche Clinique et Expérimentale (IREC), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Etienne Sokal
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Universit Catholique de Louvain & Cliniques Universitaires St Luc, Institut de Recherche Clinique et Expérimentale (IREC), Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Cassiman
- Hepatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Snoeys
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mario Monshouwer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Wei-Shou Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christian Lange
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center of Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center of Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Catherine M Verfaillie
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Rodrigues AS, Pereira SL, Ramalho-Santos J. Stem metabolism: Insights from oncometabolism and vice versa. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165760. [PMID: 32151634 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism, is a transversal hot research topic in different areas, resulting in the integration of cellular needs with external cues, involving a highly coordinated set of activities in which nutrients are converted into building blocks for macromolecules, energy currencies and biomass. Importantly, cells can adjust different metabolic pathways defining its cellular identity. Both cancer cell and embryonic stem cells share the common hallmark of high proliferative ability but while the first represent a huge social-economic burden the second symbolize a huge promise. Importantly, research on both fields points out that stem cells share common metabolic strategies with cancer cells to maintain their identity as well as proliferative capability and, vice versa cancer cells also share common strategies regarding pluripotent markers. Moreover, the Warburg effect can be found in highly proliferative non-cancer stem cells as well as in embryonic stem cells that are primed towards differentiation, while a bivalent metabolism is characteristic of embryonic stem cells that are in a true naïve pluripotent state and cancer stem cells can also range from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, this review aims to highlight major metabolic similarities between cancer cells and embryonic stem cells demonstrating that they have similar strategies in both signaling pathways regulation as well as metabolic profiles while focusing on key metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Rodrigues
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine, Pólo I, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Sandro L Pereira
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - João Ramalho-Santos
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine, Pólo I, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
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40
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Tsogtbaatar E, Landin C, Minter-Dykhouse K, Folmes CDL. Energy Metabolism Regulates Stem Cell Pluripotency. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:87. [PMID: 32181250 PMCID: PMC7059177 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are characterized by their unique capacity for both unlimited self-renewal and their potential to differentiate to all cell lineages contained within the three primary germ layers. While once considered a distinct cellular state, it is becoming clear that pluripotency is in fact a continuum of cellular states, all capable of self-renewal and differentiation, yet with distinct metabolic, mitochondrial and epigenetic features dependent on gestational stage. In this review we focus on two of the most clearly defined states: “naïve” and “primed” PSCs. Like other rapidly dividing cells, PSCs have a high demand for anabolic precursors necessary to replicate their genome, cytoplasm and organelles, while concurrently consuming energy in the form of ATP. This requirement for both anabolic and catabolic processes sufficient to supply a highly adapted cell cycle in the context of reduced oxygen availability, distinguishes PSCs from their differentiated progeny. During early embryogenesis PSCs adapt their substrate preference to match the bioenergetic requirements of each specific developmental stage. This is reflected in different mitochondrial morphologies, membrane potentials, electron transport chain (ETC) compositions, and utilization of glycolysis. Additionally, metabolites produced in PSCs can directly influence epigenetic and transcriptional programs, which in turn can affect self-renewal characteristics. Thus, our understanding of the role of metabolism in PSC fate has expanded from anabolism and catabolism to include governance of the pluripotent epigenetic landscape. Understanding the roles of metabolism and the factors influencing metabolic pathways in naïve and primed pluripotent states provide a platform for understanding the drivers of cell fate during development. This review highlights the roles of the major metabolic pathways in the acquisition and maintenance of the different states of pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enkhtuul Tsogtbaatar
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Metabolism Laboratory, Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Chelsea Landin
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Metabolism Laboratory, Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Katherine Minter-Dykhouse
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Metabolism Laboratory, Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Clifford D L Folmes
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Metabolism Laboratory, Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
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Prieto J, Ponsoda X, Izpisua Belmonte JC, Torres J. Mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism in induced pluripotency. Exp Gerontol 2020; 133:110870. [PMID: 32045634 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Somatic cells can be reprogrammed to pluripotency by either ectopic expression of defined factors or exposure to chemical cocktails. During reprogramming, somatic cells undergo dramatic changes in a wide range of cellular processes, such as metabolism, mitochondrial morphology and function, cell signaling pathways or immortalization. Regulation of these processes during cell reprograming lead to the acquisition of a pluripotent state, which enables indefinite propagation by symmetrical self-renewal without losing the ability of reprogrammed cells to differentiate into all cell types of the adult. In this review, recent data from different laboratories showing how these processes are controlled during the phenotypic transformation of a somatic cell into a pluripotent stem cell will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Prieto
- Departamento Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Calle Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Xavier Ponsoda
- Departamento Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Calle Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (INCLIVA), Avenida de Menéndez y Pelayo 4, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Josema Torres
- Departamento Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Calle Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (INCLIVA), Avenida de Menéndez y Pelayo 4, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
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