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Maya-López M, Monsalvo-Maraver LA, Delgado-Arzate AL, Olivera-Pérez CI, El-Hafidi M, Silva-Palacios A, Medina-Campos O, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Aschner M, Tinkov AA, Túnez I, Retana-Márquez S, Zazueta C, Santamaría A. Anandamide and WIN 55212-2 Afford Protection in Rat Brain Mitochondria in a Toxic Model Induced by 3-Nitropropionic Acid: an In Vitro Study. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:6435-6452. [PMID: 38307967 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03967-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the development of neurodegenerative disorders. In contrast, the regulation of the endocannabinoid system has been shown to promote neuroprotection in different neurotoxic paradigms. The existence of an active form of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) in mitochondrial membranes (mitCB1R), which might exert its effects through the same signaling mechanisms as the cell membrane CB1R, has been shown to regulate mitochondrial activity. Although there is evidence suggesting that some cannabinoids may induce protective effects on isolated mitochondria, substantial evidence on the role of cannabinoids in mitochondria remains to be explored. In this work, we developed a toxic model of mitochondrial dysfunction induced by exposure of brain mitochondria to the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP). Mitochondria were also pre-incubated with the endogenous agonist anandamide (AEA) and the synthetic CB1R agonist WIN 55212-2 to evaluate their protective effects. Mitochondrial reduction capacity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and mitochondrial swelling were assessed as toxic markers. While 3-NP decreased the mitochondrial reduction capacity and augmented mitochondrial ROS formation and swelling, both AEA and WIN 55212-2 ameliorated these toxic effects. To explore the possible involvement of mitCB1R activation on the protective effects of AEA and WIN 55212-2, mitochondria were also pre-incubated in the presence of the selective CB1R antagonist AM281, which completely reverted the protective effects of the cannabinoids to levels similar to those evoked by 3-NP. These results show partial protective effects of cannabinoids, suggesting that mitCB1R activation may be involved in the recovery of compromised mitochondrial activity, related to reduction of ROS formation and further prevention of mitochondrial swelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Maya-López
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, 09310, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | | | | | | | - Mohammed El-Hafidi
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, SSA, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Silva-Palacios
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, SSA, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Omar Medina-Campos
- Laboratorio F-315, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Laboratorio F-315, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119435, Russia
- Department of Human Ecology and Bioelementology, and Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Isaac Túnez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas Maimónides de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Red Española de Excelencia en Estimulación Cerebral (REDESTIM), 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Socorro Retana-Márquez
- Departamento de Biología de La Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, 09310, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Zazueta
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, SSA, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Abel Santamaría
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Mohanty I, Allaband C, Mannochio-Russo H, El Abiead Y, Hagey LR, Knight R, Dorrestein PC. The changing metabolic landscape of bile acids - keys to metabolism and immune regulation. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:493-516. [PMID: 38575682 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00914-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Bile acids regulate nutrient absorption and mitochondrial function, they establish and maintain gut microbial community composition and mediate inflammation, and they serve as signalling molecules that regulate appetite and energy homeostasis. The observation that there are hundreds of bile acids, especially many amidated bile acids, necessitates a revision of many of the classical descriptions of bile acids and bile acid enzyme functions. For example, bile salt hydrolases also have transferase activity. There are now hundreds of known modifications to bile acids and thousands of bile acid-associated genes, especially when including the microbiome, distributed throughout the human body (for example, there are >2,400 bile salt hydrolases alone). The fact that so much of our genetic and small-molecule repertoire, in both amount and diversity, is dedicated to bile acid function highlights the centrality of bile acids as key regulators of metabolism and immune homeostasis, which is, in large part, communicated via the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipsita Mohanty
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Celeste Allaband
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Helena Mannochio-Russo
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yasin El Abiead
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lee R Hagey
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Soldevila-Domenech N, Fagundo B, Cuenca-Royo A, Forcano L, Gomis-González M, Boronat A, Pastor A, Castañer O, Zomeño MD, Goday A, Dierssen M, Baghizadeh Hosseini K, Ros E, Corella D, Martínez-González MÁ, Salas-Salvadó J, Fernández-Aranda F, Fitó M, de la Torre R. Relationship between sex, APOE genotype, endocannabinoids and cognitive change in older adults with metabolic syndrome during a 3-year Mediterranean diet intervention. Nutr J 2024; 23:61. [PMID: 38862960 PMCID: PMC11167771 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00966-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has demonstrated efficacy in preventing age-related cognitive decline and modulating plasma concentrations of endocannabinoids (eCBs) and N-acylethanolamines (NAEs, or eCB-like compounds), which are lipid mediators involved in multiple neurological disorders and metabolic processes. Hypothesizing that eCBs and NAEs will be biomarkers of a MedDiet intervention and will be related to the cognitive response, we investigated this relationship according to sex and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, which may affect eCBs and cognitive performance. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study of 102 participants (53.9% women, 18.8% APOE-ɛ4 carriers, aged 65.6 ± 4.5 years) from the PREDIMED-Plus-Cognition substudy, who were recruited at the Hospital del Mar Research Institute (Barcelona). All of them presented metabolic syndrome plus overweight/obesity (inclusion criteria of the PREDIMED-Plus) and normal cognitive performance at baseline (inclusion criteria of this substudy). A comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests was administered at baseline and after 1 and 3 years. Plasma concentrations of eCBs and NAEs, including 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), anandamide (AEA), oleoylethanolamide (OEA), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), and N-docosahexaenoylethanolamine (DHEA), were also monitored. Baseline cognition, cognitive changes, and the association between eCBs/NAEs and cognition were evaluated according to gender (crude models), sex (adjusted models), and APOE genotype. RESULTS At baseline, men had better executive function and global cognition than women (the effect size of gender differences was - 0.49, p = 0.015; and - 0.42, p = 0.036); however, these differences became nonsignificant in models of sex differences. After 3 years of MedDiet intervention, participants exhibited modest improvements in memory and global cognition. However, greater memory changes were observed in men than in women (Cohen's d of 0.40 vs. 0.25; p = 0.017). In men and APOE-ε4 carriers, 2-AG concentrations were inversely associated with baseline cognition and cognitive changes, while in women, cognitive changes were positively linked to changes in DHEA and the DHEA/AEA ratio. In men, changes in the OEA/AEA and OEA/PEA ratios were positively associated with cognitive changes. CONCLUSIONS The MedDiet improved participants' cognitive performance but the effect size was small and negatively influenced by female sex. Changes in 2-AG, DHEA, the OEA/AEA, the OEA/PEA and the DHEA/AEA ratios were associated with cognitive changes in a sex- and APOE-dependent fashion. These results support the modulation of the endocannabinoid system as a potential therapeutic approach to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk populations. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN89898870.
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Grants
- FI_B2021/00104 Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca
- PROMETEO/2017/017; Grant FEA/SEA 2017 for Primary Care Research Generalitat Valenciana
- PI13/00233, PI13/00728, PI13/01123, PI13/00462, PI16/00533, PI16/00366, PI16/01094, PI16/00501, PI17/01167, PI19/00017, PI19/00781, PI19/01032, PI19/00576 Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- PI13/00233, PI13/00728, PI13/01123, PI13/00462, PI16/00533, PI16/00366, PI16/01094, PI16/00501, PI17/01167, PI19/00017, PI19/00781, PI19/01032, PI19/00576 Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- PI13/00233, PI13/00728, PI13/01123, PI13/00462, PI16/00533, PI16/00366, PI16/01094, PI16/00501, PI17/01167, PI19/00017, PI19/00781, PI19/01032, PI19/00576 Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Advanced Research Grant 2014-2019; agreement #340918 HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council
- SLT006/17/00246, SLT002/16/00045 and SLT006/17/00077 Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya
- SLT006/17/00246, SLT002/16/00045 and SLT006/17/00077 Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya
- SLT006/17/00246, SLT002/16/00045 and SLT006/17/00077 Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya
- 2013ACUP00194 'la Caixa' Foundation
- Eat2beNICE/ H2020-SFS-2016-2; Ref 728018; and PRIME/ H2020-SC1-BHC-2018-2020; Ref: 847879 H2020 European Institute of Innovation and Technology
- Eat2beNICE/ H2020-SFS-2016-2; Ref 728018; and PRIME/ H2020-SC1-BHC-2018-2020; Ref: 847879 H2020 European Institute of Innovation and Technology
- Eat2beNICE/ H2020-SFS-2016-2; Ref 728018; and PRIME/ H2020-SC1-BHC-2018-2020; Ref: 847879 H2020 European Institute of Innovation and Technology
- Eat2beNICE/ H2020-SFS-2016-2; Ref 728018; and PRIME/ H2020-SC1-BHC-2018-2020; Ref: 847879 H2020 European Institute of Innovation and Technology
- 2017 SGR 138 Generalitat de Catalunya
- ‘la Caixa’ Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Soldevila-Domenech
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fagundo
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- Department of Physiotherapy, Fundació Universitària del Bages (FUB), Manresa, 08042, Spain
| | - Aida Cuenca-Royo
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Laura Forcano
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Maria Gomis-González
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Anna Boronat
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Antoni Pastor
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- Endocrinology Service, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Zomeño
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- School of Health Sciences, Blanquerna-Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, 08022, Spain
| | - Albert Goday
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- Endocrinology Service, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Khashayar Baghizadeh Hosseini
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- Cardiovascular risk, Nutrition and Aging, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, 46010, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Navarra's Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08908, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08908, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08003, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.
- Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), Dr Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain.
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Singh S, Sarroza D, English A, McGrory M, Dong A, Zweifel L, Land BB, Li Y, Bruchas MR, Stella N. Pharmacological Characterization of the Endocannabinoid Sensor GRAB eCB2.0. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2023. [PMID: 38064488 DOI: 10.1089/can.2023.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The endocannabinoids (eCBs), 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and arachidonoyl ethanolamine (AEA), are produced by separate enzymatic pathways, activate cannabinoid (CB) receptors with distinct pharmacological profiles, and differentially regulate pathophysiological processes. The genetically encoded sensor, GRABeCB2.0, detects real-time changes in eCB levels in cells in culture and preclinical model systems; however, its activation by eCB analogues produced by cells and by phyto-CBs remains uncharacterized, a current limitation when interpreting changes in its response. This information could provide additional utility for the tool in in vivo pharmacology studies of phyto-CB action. Materials and Methods: GRABeCB2.0 was expressed in cultured HEK293 cells. Live cell confocal microscopy and high-throughput fluorescent signal measurements. Results: 2-AG increased GRABeCB2.0 fluorescent signal (EC50=85 nM), and the cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) antagonist, SR141716 (SR1), decreased GRABeCB2.0 signal (IC50=3.3 nM), responses that mirror their known potencies at the CB1R. GRABeCB2.0 fluorescent signal also increased in response to AEA (EC50=815 nM), the eCB analogues 2-linoleoylglycerol and 2-oleoylglycerol (EC50=632 and 868 nM, respectively), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), and Δ8-THC (EC50=1.6 and 2.0 μM, respectively), and the artificial CB1R agonist, CP55,940 (CP; EC50=82 nM); however their potencies were less than what has been described at CB1R. Cannabidiol (CBD) did not affect basal GRABeCB2.0 fluorescent signal and yet reduced the 2-AG stimulated GRABeCB2.0 responses (IC50=9.7 nM). Conclusions: 2-AG and SR1 modulate the GRABeCB2.0 fluorescent signal with EC50 values that mirror their potencies at CB1R, whereas AEA, eCB analogues, THC, and CP increase GRABeCB2.0 fluorescent signal with EC50 values significantly lower than their potencies at CB1R. CBD reduces the 2-AG response without affecting basal signal, suggesting that GRABeCB2.0 retains the negative allosteric modulator (NAM) property of CBD at CB1R. This study describes the pharmacological profile of GRABeCB2.0 to improve interpretation of changes in fluorescent signal in response to a series of known eCBs and CB1R ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simar Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Pain, and Emotion, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for Cannabis Research, Pain, and Emotion, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Dennis Sarroza
- Department of Pharmacology, Pain, and Emotion, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Anthony English
- Department of Pharmacology, Pain, and Emotion, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for Cannabis Research, Pain, and Emotion, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Maya McGrory
- Department of Pharmacology, Pain, and Emotion, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ao Dong
- Peking University School of Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Larry Zweifel
- Department of Pharmacology, Pain, and Emotion, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for Cannabis Research, Pain, and Emotion, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Benjamin B Land
- Department of Pharmacology, Pain, and Emotion, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for Cannabis Research, Pain, and Emotion, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yulong Li
- Peking University School of Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Department of Pharmacology, Pain, and Emotion, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for Cannabis Research, Pain, and Emotion, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nephi Stella
- Department of Pharmacology, Pain, and Emotion, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for Cannabis Research, Pain, and Emotion, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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5
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Kwiecień E, Kowalczuk D. Therapeutic Potential of Minor Cannabinoids in Dermatological Diseases-A Synthetic Review. Molecules 2023; 28:6149. [PMID: 37630401 PMCID: PMC10459035 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dermatological diseases pose a significant burden on the quality of life of individuals and can be challenging to treat effectively. In this aspect, cannabinoids are gaining increasing importance due to their therapeutic potential in various disease entities including skin diseases. In this synthetic review, we comprehensively analyzed the existing literature in the field of potential dermatological applications of a lesser-known subgroup of cannabinoids, the so-called minor cannabinoids, such as cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabidiforol (CBDP), cannabichromene (CBC), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabielsoin (CBE), cannabimovone (CBM) or cannabinol (CBN), while drawing attention to their unique pharmacological properties. We systematically searched the available databases for relevant studies and analyzed the data to provide an overview of current thematic knowledge. We looked through the full-text, bibliographic and factographic databases, especially Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Polish Scientific Journals Database, and selected the most relevant papers. Our review highlights that minor cannabinoids exhibit diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, and anti-itch properties. Several studies have reported their efficacy in mitigating symptoms associated with dermatological diseases such as psoriasis, eczema, acne, and pruritus. Furthermore, minor cannabinoids have shown potential in regulating sebum production, a crucial factor in acne pathogenesis. The findings of this review suggest that minor cannabinoids hold therapeutic promise in the management of dermatological diseases. Further preclinical and clinical investigations are warranted to elucidate their mechanisms of action, determine optimal dosage regimens, and assess long-term safety profiles. Incorporating minor cannabinoids into dermatological therapies could potentially offer novel treatment options of patients and improve their overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Kwiecień
- Chair and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
- A-Sense Sp. z o.o., ul. Moscickiego 1, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Dorota Kowalczuk
- Chair and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
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6
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Fernández-Moncada I, Eraso-Pichot A, Tor TD, Fortunato-Marsol B, Marsicano G. An enquiry to the role of CB1 receptors in neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2023:106235. [PMID: 37481040 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are debilitating conditions that impair patient quality of life and that represent heavy social-economic burdens to society. Whereas the root of some of these brain illnesses lies in autosomal inheritance, the origin of most of these neuropathologies is scantly understood. Similarly, the cellular and molecular substrates explaining the progressive loss of brain functions remains to be fully described too. Indeed, the study of brain neurodegeneration has resulted in a complex picture, composed of a myriad of altered processes that include broken brain bioenergetics, widespread neuroinflammation and aberrant activity of signaling pathways. In this context, several lines of research have shown that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and its main signaling hub, the type-1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptor are altered in diverse neurodegenerative disorders. However, some of these data are conflictive or poorly described. In this review, we summarize the findings about the alterations in ECS and CB1 receptors signaling in three representative brain illnesses, the Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, and we discuss the relevance of these studies in understanding neurodegeneration development and progression, with a special focus on astrocyte function. Noteworthy, the analysis of ECS defects in neurodegeneration warrant much more studies, as our conceptual understanding of ECS function has evolved quickly in the last years, which now include glia cells and the subcellular-specific CB1 receptors signaling as critical players of brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abel Eraso-Pichot
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Tommaso Dalla Tor
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania 95124, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Marsicano
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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Jimenez-Blasco D, Almeida A, Bolaños JP. Brightness and shadows of mitochondrial ROS in the brain. Neurobiol Dis 2023:106199. [PMID: 37321421 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) have been generally considered harmful byproducts wanted to clear when elevated to avoid brain damage. However, the abundance of mROS in astrocytes is very high -about one order of magnitude above that in neurons-, despite they are essential to preserve cell metabolism and animal behavior. Here, we have focused on this apparent ambiguity by discussing (i) the intrinsic mechanisms accounting for the higher production of mROS by the mitochondrial respiratory chain in astrocytes than in neurons, (ii) the specific molecular targets of astrocytic beneficial mROS, and (iii) how decreased astrocytic mROS causes excess neuronal mROS leading to cellular and organismal damage. We hope that this mini-review serves to clarifying the apparent controversy on the beneficial versus deleterious faces of ROS in the brain from molecular to higher-order organismal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jimenez-Blasco
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Angeles Almeida
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Juan P Bolaños
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Chen P, Wang C, Gong Q, Chai Y, Chen Y, Song C, Wu Y, Wang L. Alterations of endogenous pain-modulatory system of the cerebral cortex in the neuropathic pain. iScience 2023; 26:106668. [PMID: 37168579 PMCID: PMC10165265 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NeP) remains a significant clinical challenge owing to insufficient awareness of its pathological mechanisms. We elucidated the aberrant metabolism of the cerebral cortex in NeP induced by the chronic constriction injury (CCI) using metabolomics and proteomics analyses. After CCI surgery, the values of MWT and TWL markedly reduced and maintained at a low level. CCI induced the significant dysregulation of 57 metabolites and 31 proteins in the cerebral cortex. Integrative analyses showed that the differentially expressed metabolites and proteins were primarily involved in alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, GABAergic synapse, and retrograde endocannabinoid signaling. Targeted metabolomics and western blot analysis confirmed the alterations of some key metabolites and proteins in endogenous pain-modulatory system. In conclusion, our study revealed the alterations of endocannabinoids system and purinergic system in the CCI group, and provided a novel perspective on the roles of endogenous pain-modulatory system in the pathological mechanisms of NeP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Gong
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yihui Chai
- Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yunzhi Chen
- Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Cuiwen Song
- Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuanhua Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Long Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
- Corresponding author
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Fanti F, Vincenti F, Imparato G, Montesano C, Scipioni L, Ciaramellano F, Tortolani D, Oddi S, Maccarrone M, Compagnone D, Sergi M. Determination of endocannabinoids and their conjugated congeners in the brain by means of μSPE combined with UHPLC-MS/MS. Talanta 2023; 257:124392. [PMID: 36863295 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study encompasses the development of a fast and reliable analytical method to quantify the main endocannabinoids and some of their conjugated congeners, particularly N-arachidonoyl amino acids, in brain tissue. Samples were homogenized and a micro solid phase extraction (μSPE) procedure was developed for brain homogenate clean-up. Miniaturized SPE was selected as it allowed to work with reduced sample amounts, while maintaining high sensitivity; this last feature was mandatory due to the low concentration of endocannabinoids in biological matrices that makes their determination a challenging analytical task. UHPLC-MS/MS was used for the analysis as it provided a great sensitivity, especially for conjugated forms that were detected by negative ionization. Polarity switching was applied during the run; low limits of quantification were between 0.003 ng g-1 and 0.5 ng g-1. This method provided also low matrix effect (lower than 30%) and good extraction recoveries in the brain. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that μSPE is applied on this matrix for this class of compounds. The method was validated according to international guidelines, and then tested on real cerebellum samples from mice, which were sub-chronically treated with URB597, a well-known inhibitor of the fatty acid amide hydrolase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Fanti
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Flaminia Vincenti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Imparato
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Montesano
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Lucia Scipioni
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy; European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Ciaramellano
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143, Rome, Italy; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Daniel Tortolani
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143, Rome, Italy; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Sergio Oddi
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143, Rome, Italy; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy; European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143, Rome, Italy.
| | - Dario Compagnone
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Manuel Sergi
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100, Teramo, Italy; Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
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Van Hul M, Cani PD. The gut microbiota in obesity and weight management: microbes as friends or foe? Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023; 19:258-271. [PMID: 36650295 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00794-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is caused by a long-term difference between energy intake and expenditure - an imbalance that is seemingly easily restored by increasing exercise and reducing caloric consumption. However, as simple as this solution appears, for many people, losing excess weight is difficult to achieve and even more difficult to maintain. The reason for this difficulty is that energy intake and expenditure, and by extension body weight, are regulated through complex hormonal, neural and metabolic mechanisms that are under the influence of many environmental factors and internal responses. Adding to this complexity, the microorganisms (microbes) that comprise the gut microbiota exert direct effects on the digestion, absorption and metabolism of food. Furthermore, the gut microbiota exerts a miscellany of protective, structural and metabolic effects both on the intestinal milieu and peripheral tissues, thus affecting body weight by modulating metabolism, appetite, bile acid metabolism, and the hormonal and immune systems. In this Review, we outline historical and recent advances in understanding how the gut microbiota is involved in regulating body weight homeostasis. We also discuss the opportunities, limitations and challenges of using gut microbiota-related approaches as a means to achieve and maintain a healthy body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Van Hul
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain (Université catholique de Louvain), Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain (Université catholique de Louvain), Brussels, Belgium.
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium.
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Basavarajappa BS, Subbanna S. Molecular Insights into Epigenetics and Cannabinoid Receptors. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1560. [PMID: 36358910 PMCID: PMC9687363 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The actions of cannabis are mediated by G protein-coupled receptors that are part of an endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS). ECS consists of the naturally occurring ligands N-arachidonylethanolamine (anandamide) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), their biosynthetic and degradative enzymes, and the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors. Epigenetics are heritable changes that affect gene expression without changing the DNA sequence, transducing external stimuli in stable alterations of the DNA or chromatin structure. Cannabinoid receptors are crucial candidates for exploring their functions through epigenetic approaches due to their significant roles in health and diseases. Epigenetic changes usually promote alterations in the expression of genes and proteins that can be evaluated by various transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. Despite the exponential growth of new evidence on the critical functions of cannabinoid receptors, much is still unknown regarding the contribution of various genetic and epigenetic factors that regulate cannabinoid receptor gene expression. Recent studies have identified several immediate and long-lasting epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, DNA-associated histone proteins, and RNA regulatory networks, in cannabinoid receptor function. Thus, they can offer solutions to many cellular, molecular, and behavioral impairments found after modulation of cannabinoid receptor activities. In this review, we discuss the significant research advances in different epigenetic factors contributing to the regulation of cannabinoid receptors and their functions under both physiological and pathological conditions. Increasing our understanding of the epigenetics of cannabinoid receptors will significantly advance our knowledge and could lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets and innovative treatment strategies for diseases associated with altered cannabinoid receptor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balapal S. Basavarajappa
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Shivakumar Subbanna
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
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