1
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Tocher DR, Sprague M, Han L, Sayanova O, Norambuena F, Napier JA, Betancor MB. Inclusion of oil from transgenic Camelina sativa in feed effectively supplies EPA and DHA to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) grown to market size in seawater pens. Food Chem 2024; 456:139414. [PMID: 38901077 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Atlantic salmon were fed either a diet reflecting current commercial feeds with added oil supplied by a blend of fish oil and rapeseed oil (COM), or a diet formulated with oil from transgenic Camelina sativa containing 20% EPA + DHA (TCO). Salmon were grown from smolt to market size (>3 kg) in sea pens under semi-commercial conditions. There were no differences in growth, feed efficiency or survival between fish fed the TCO or COM diets at the end of the trial. Levels of EPA + DHA in flesh of salmon fed TCO were significantly higher than in fish fed COM. A 140 g fillet from TCO-fed salmon delivered 2.3 g of EPA + DHA, 67% of the weekly requirement level recommended by many health agencies, and 1.5-fold more than the 1.5 g of EPA + DHA for COM-fed fish. Oil from transgenic Camelina supported growth and improved the nutritional quality of farmed salmon in terms of increased "omega-3" supply for human consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Matthew Sprague
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom.
| | - Lihua Han
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Olga Sayanova
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Mónica B Betancor
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom.
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2
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Li M, Lv W, Zhao Y, Huang W, Yuan Q, Yang H, Wang A, Zhou W, Li M. Effects of Substituting Tenebrio molitor and Elodea nuttallii as Feed on Growth, Flesh Quality and Intestinal Microbiota of Red Swamp Crayfish ( Procambarus clarkii). Foods 2024; 13:2292. [PMID: 39063375 PMCID: PMC11275352 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of substituting a portion of feed with Tenebrio molitor (TM) and Elodea nuttallii (EN) on crayfish culture. A total of 270 crayfish (5.1 ± 0.4 g) were fed three different diet combinations (A: 100% feed; B: 80% feed + 10% TM + 10% EN; C: 75% feed + 15% TM + 10% EN) for 12 weeks. The findings demonstrated that group C had an important beneficial impact on the growth performance of crayfish. This was evidenced by a rise in digestive enzyme activity (trypsin, lipase, and cellulase) in the intestinal and hepatopancreas, as well as an upregulation in the expression of growth-related genes (ghsr, igfbp7, mhc, mlc1, mef2, and pax7) in the muscle. Furthermore, the assessment of the flesh quality of crayfish muscle in group C was conducted. The findings indicated a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the energy value (moisture, crude protein, and crude lipid) within the muscle. The levels of delicious amino acids (Glu, Ala, Ser, Gly, and Tyr) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (ARA, DHA) were enhanced, resulting in an improved nutritional profile and flavor of the muscle while maintaining the Σn-3/Σn-6 ratio. The remodeling of the intestinal microbiota (abundance of Proteobacteria and ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidota bacteria) also revealed improved growth performance. Additional research is necessary to ascertain whether excessive use of TM or EN feed substitution can have negative effects on crayfish culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (M.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.L.); (W.H.); (Q.Y.); (H.Y.)
| | - Weiwei Lv
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.L.); (W.H.); (Q.Y.); (H.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (M.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.L.); (W.H.); (Q.Y.); (H.Y.)
| | - Weiwei Huang
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.L.); (W.H.); (Q.Y.); (H.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.L.); (W.H.); (Q.Y.); (H.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Hang Yang
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.L.); (W.H.); (Q.Y.); (H.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Aimin Wang
- College of Marine and Biology Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China;
| | - Wenzong Zhou
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (W.L.); (W.H.); (Q.Y.); (H.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Mingyou Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (M.L.); (Y.Z.)
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3
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Wind T, Ros A, Chucholl C, Roch S, Schumann M, Schulz C, Brinker A. Inland freshwater aquaculture in a warming world. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173275. [PMID: 38754498 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Climate change potentially threatens the sustainable production of highly valued cold-water fish species in flow-through systems, such as salmonids. By analysing the relationship of water temperature to hydrological characteristics, air temperature, solar exposure, and precipitation, this study predicted temperature dynamics of five temperate cold-water aquaculture facilities under four projected climate change scenarios. Air temperature was found to be directly associated with facility site water temperature, and based on rational assumptions, two of the five facilities were predicted to face critical warming by mid-century. Extreme precipitation events induced acute short-term increases in water temperature of up to 5 °C. Significantly lower warming, roughly equal to the projected climate change-induced increase, was seen with artificial shading lowering temperature by 1 °C. Complementary niche modelling revealed that 37-77 % of current cold-water facilities will likely incur suboptimal climate conditions by the end of the century. Shading of raceways, more efficient water use, and disease management are proposed as key actions to preserve cold-water aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Wind
- Fisheries Research Station of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Argenweg 50/1, 88085 Langenargen, Germany
| | - Albert Ros
- Fisheries Research Station of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Argenweg 50/1, 88085 Langenargen, Germany
| | - Christoph Chucholl
- Fisheries Research Station of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Argenweg 50/1, 88085 Langenargen, Germany
| | - Samuel Roch
- Fisheries Research Station of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Argenweg 50/1, 88085 Langenargen, Germany
| | - Mark Schumann
- Fisheries Research Station of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Argenweg 50/1, 88085 Langenargen, Germany
| | - Carsten Schulz
- Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Brinker
- Fisheries Research Station of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Argenweg 50/1, 88085 Langenargen, Germany; University of Konstanz, Mainaustraße 252, 78464 Konstanz, Germany.
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4
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Muurmann AT, Banovic M, Gilbert MTP, Sogari G, Limborg MT, Sicheritz-Pontén T, Bahrndorff S. Framework for valorizing waste- and by-products through insects and their microbiomes for food and feed. Food Res Int 2024; 187:114358. [PMID: 38763642 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
One third of the food produced for human consumption is currently lost or wasted. Insects have a high potential for converting organic waste- and by-products into food and feed for a growing human population due to symbiosis with microorganisms. These symbioses provide an untapped reservoir of functional microbiomes that can be used to improve industrial insect production but are poorly studied in most insect species. Here we review the most current understanding and challenges of valorizing organic waste- and by-products through insects and their microbiomes for food and feed, and emerging novel food technologies that can be used to investigate and manipulate host(insects)-microbiome interactions. We further construct a holistic framework, by integration of novel food technologies including holo-omics, genome editing, breeding, phage therapy, and administration of prebiotics and probiotics to investigate and manipulate host(insects)-microbiome interactions, and solutions for achieving stakeholder acceptance of novel food technologies for a sustainable food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmus Toftkær Muurmann
- Aalborg University, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
| | - Marija Banovic
- Aarhus University, Aarhus BSS, Department of Management, MAPP Centre, Fuglsangs Allé 4, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark.
| | - M Thomas P Gilbert
- University of Copenhagen, GLOBE Institute, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 København K, Denmark; University Museum, NTNU, Erling Skakkes gate 47B, 7012 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Giovanni Sogari
- University of Parma, Department of Food and Drug, Parco Area delle Scienze, 45, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | | | - Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén
- University of Copenhagen, GLOBE Institute, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 København K, Denmark; AIMST University, Centre of Excellence for Omics-Driven Computational Biodiscovery (COMBio), Jalan Bedong-Semeling, 08100 Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia.
| | - Simon Bahrndorff
- Aalborg University, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
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5
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Cardona E, Segret E, Heraud C, Roy J, Vigor C, Gros V, Reversat G, Sancho-Zubeldia B, Oger C, Durbec A, Bertrand-Michel J, Surget A, Galano JM, Corraze G, Cachelou Y, Marchand Y, Durand T, Cachelou F, Skiba-Cassy S. Adverse effects of excessive dietary arachidonic acid on survival, PUFA-derived enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxylipins, stress response in rainbow trout fry. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12376. [PMID: 38811794 PMCID: PMC11137042 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (C20: 4n-6, AA) plays a fundamental role in fish physiology, influencing growth, survival and stress resistance. However, imbalances in dietary AA can have detrimental effects on fish health and performance. Optimal AA requirements for rainbow trout have not been established. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of varying dietary AA levels on survival, growth, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) biosynthetic capacity, oxylipin profiles, lipid peroxidation, and stress resistance of rainbow trout fry. Over a period of eight weeks, 4000 female rainbow trout fry at the resorptive stage (0.12 g) from their first feeding were fed diets with varying levels of AA (0.6%, 1.1% or 2.5% of total fatty acids) while survival and growth metrics were closely monitored. The dietary trial was followed by an acute confinement stress test. Notably, while the fatty acid profiles of the fish reflected dietary intake, those fed an AA-0.6% diet showed increased expression of elongase5, highlighting their inherent ability to produce LC-PUFAs from C18 PUFAs and suggesting potential AA or docosapentaenoic acidn-6 (DPAn-6) biosynthesis. However, even with this biosynthetic capacity, the trout fed reduced dietary AA had higher mortality rates. The diet had no effect on final weight (3.38 g on average for the three diets). Conversely, increased dietary AA enhanced eicosanoid production from AA, suggesting potential inflammatory and oxidative consequences. This was further evidenced by an increase in non-enzymatic lipid oxidation metabolites, particularly in the AA-2.5% diet group, which had higher levels of phytoprostanes and isoprostanes, markers of cellular oxidative damage. Importantly, the AA-1.1% diet proved to be particularly beneficial for stress resilience. This was evidenced by higher post-stress turnover rates of serotonin and dopamine, neurotransmitters central to the fish's stress response. In conclusion, a dietary AA intake of 1.1% of total fatty acids appears to promote overall resilience in rainbow trout fry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Cardona
- Viviers de Rébénacq, 64260, Rébénacq, France.
- INRAE, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, 64310, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France.
| | | | - Cécile Heraud
- INRAE, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, 64310, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Jerome Roy
- INRAE, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, 64310, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Claire Vigor
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, UMR5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Gros
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, UMR5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Reversat
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, UMR5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, UMR5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Anaelle Durbec
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
- MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Justine Bertrand-Michel
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
- MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Surget
- INRAE, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, 64310, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, UMR5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Geneviève Corraze
- INRAE, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, 64310, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | | | | | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, UMR5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sandrine Skiba-Cassy
- INRAE, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, 64310, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
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6
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Cabrita ARJ, Maia MRG, Alves AP, Aires T, Rosa A, Almeida A, Martins R, Fonseca AJM. Protein hydrolysate and oil from fish waste reveal potential as dog food ingredients. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1372023. [PMID: 38711535 PMCID: PMC11071340 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1372023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The increased fish consumption by the growing human population in the world translates into an increase in fish waste. The reintroduction of these fish by-products into food and feed chains presents economic benefits and contributes to counteracting their negative environmental impact. Under this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of the dietary inclusion of fish hydrolysate and oil obtained from fish waste (experimental diet) in substitution of shrimp hydrolysate and salmon oil (control diet) mainly imported from third countries on palatability, apparent total tract digestibility, fecal characteristics and metabolites, blood fatty acid profile, flatulence, and coat quality of adult dogs. A two-bowl test was performed to evaluate palatability by the pairwise comparison between the two diets. A feeding trial was conducted according to a crossover design with two diets (control and experimental diets), six adult Beagle dogs per diet, and two periods of 6 weeks each. The replacement of shrimp hydrolysate and salmon oil with fish hydrolysate and oil did not affect the first diet approach and taste, as well as the intake ratio. Generally, the digestibility of dry matter, nutrients, and energy was not affected by diet, but the intake of digestible crude protein (CP) and ether extract was higher, respectively, with the control and the experimental diet. The higher intake of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid with the experimental diet was reflected in a higher content of these long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and the omega-3 index of red blood cells, but it did not affect coat quality. The significantly higher intake of digestible CP with the control diet might have contributed to the higher fecal ammonia-N and valerate concentrations. Daily fecal output and characteristics were similar between diets. Overall, results suggest that fish hydrolysate and oil from the agrifood industry might constitute sustainable functional ingredients for dog feeding while adding value for wild fisheries, aquaculture, and fish farming under a circular economy approach and reducing dependence on imports from third countries with a high carbon footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R. J. Cabrita
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida R. G. Maia
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana P. Alves
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Aires
- SORGAL, Sociedade de Óleos e Rações, S.A., Lugar da Pardala, S. João Ovar, Portugal
| | - Ana Rosa
- SEBOL, Comércio e Indústria de Sebo, S.A., Santo Antão do Tojal, Portugal
| | - André Almeida
- Indústria Transformadora de Subprodutos, S.A., Herdade da Palmeira—Olheiros do Meio—São José da Lamarosa Agolada Coruche, Coruche, Portugal
| | - Rui Martins
- Indústria Transformadora de Subprodutos, S.A., Herdade da Palmeira—Olheiros do Meio—São José da Lamarosa Agolada Coruche, Coruche, Portugal
| | - António J. M. Fonseca
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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7
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Xia S, Takakura J, Tsuchiya K, Park C, Heneghan RF, Takahashi K. Unlocking the potential of forage fish to reduce the global burden of disease. BMJ Glob Health 2024; 9:e013511. [PMID: 38594079 PMCID: PMC11146385 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Red meat consumption is associated with an elevated risk of mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In contrast, forage fish, as highly nutritious, environmentally friendly, affordable, and the most abundant fish species in the ocean, are receiving increasing interest from a global food system perspective. However, little research has examined the impact of replacing red meat with forage fish in the global diet on diet-related NCDs. METHODS We based our study on datasets of red meat projections in 2050 for 137 countries and forage fish catches. We replaced the red meat consumption in each country with forage fish (from marine habitats), without exceeding the potential supply of forage fish. We used a comparative risk assessment framework to investigate how such substitutions could reduce the global burden of diet-related NCDs in adults. RESULTS The results of our study show that forage fish may replace only a fraction (approximately 8%) of the world's red meat due to its limited supply, but it may increase global daily per capita fish consumption close to the recommended level. Such a substitution could avoid 0.5-0.75 million deaths and 8-15 million disability-adjusted life years, concentrated in low- and middle-income countries. Forage fish as an alternative to red meat could double (or more) the number of deaths that could be avoided by simply reducing red meat consumption. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis suggests that forage fish is a promising alternative to red meat. Policies targeting the allocation of forage fish to regions where they are needed, such as the Global South, could be more effective in maximising the potential of forage fish to reduce the global burden of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Xia
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jun'ya Takakura
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Chaeyeon Park
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ryan F Heneghan
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
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8
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Jia YL, Zhang Y, Xu LW, Zhang ZX, Xu YS, Ma W, Gu Y, Sun XM. Enhanced fatty acid storage combined with the multi-factor optimization of fermentation for high-level production of docosahexaenoic acid in Schizochytrium sp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 398:130532. [PMID: 38447618 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Schizochytrium sp. hasreceived much attention for itsability to synthesize and accumulate high-level docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which can reach nearly 40 % of total fatty acids. In this study, the titer of DHA in Schizochytrium sp. was successfully improved by enhancing DHA storage through overexpressing the diacylglycerol acyltransferase (ScDGAT2C) gene, as well as optimizing the supply of precursors and cofactors required for DHA synthesis by response surface methodology. Notably, malic acid, citric acid, and biotin showed synergistic and time-dependent effects on DHA accumulation. The maximum lipid and DHA titers of the engineered Schizochytrium sp. strain reached 84.28 ± 1.02 g/L and 42.23 ± 0.69 g/L, respectively, with the optimal concentration combination (1.62 g/L malic acid + 0.37 g/L citric acid + 8.28 mg/L biotin) were added 48 h after inoculation. This study provides an effective strategy for improving lipid and DHA production in Schizochytrium sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lei Jia
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Lu-Wei Xu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Zi-Xu Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Ying-Shuang Xu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Wang Ma
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Yang Gu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xiao-Man Sun
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210000, China.
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9
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Hachero-Cruzado I, Betancor MB, Coronel-Dominguez AJ, Manchado M, Alarcón-López FJ. Assessment of Full-Fat Tenebrio molitor as Feed Ingredient for Solea senegalensis: Effects on Growth Performance and Lipid Profile. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:595. [PMID: 38396563 PMCID: PMC10886388 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tenebrio molitor (TM) is considered as one of the most promising protein sources for replacing fish meal in aquafeeds, among other things because it is rich in protein, a good source of micronutrients and has a low carbon footprint and land use. However, the main drawback of TM is its fatty acid profile, in particular its low content of n-3 PUFA. This study evaluates the effects of partially replacing plant or marine-derived with full-fat TM meal at two different levels on growth performance and lipid profiles of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis). For this purpose, a control diet (CTRL) and four experimental isoproteic (53%) and isolipidic (16%) diets were formulated containing 5 and 10% TM meal replacing mostly fish meal (FM5 and FM10), or 10 and 15% TM meal replacing mostly plant meal (PP10 and PP15). Fish (215 g) were fed at 1% of their body weight for 98 days. The final body weight of fish fed the experimental diets containing TM meal was not different from that of fish fed the CTRL diet (289 g). However, the inclusion of TM meal resulted in a gradual improvement in growth rate and feed efficiency in both cases (replacement of fish or plant meals), and significant differences in specific growth rate (SGR) were observed between fish fed the CTRL diet (SGR = 0.30% day-1) and those fed diets with the highest TM meal content (PP15; SGR = 0.35% day-1). The experimental groups did not show any differences in the protein content of the muscle (19.6% w/w). However, significant differences were observed in the total lipid content of the muscle, with the FM10, PP10, and PP15 groups having the lowest muscle lipid contents (2.2% ww). These fish also showed the lowest neutral lipid content in muscle (6.6% dw), but no differences were observed in the total phospholipid content (2.6% dw). Regarding the fatty acid profile, fish fed FM10, PP10 and PP15 had lower levels of linoleic acid (18:2n-6) and higher levels of oleic acid (18:1n-9) in liver and muscle compared to fish fed CTRL. However, no differences were found between fish fed CTRL and TM-based diets for docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) and total n-3 PUFA in liver and muscle. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that full-fat TM inclusion up to 15% in S. senegalensis diets had no negative effects or even some positive effects on fish survival, growth performance, nutrient utilization and flesh quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Hachero-Cruzado
- Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria, Pesquera, Alimentaria y de la Producción Ecológi-ca (IFAPA), Centro El Toruño, Junta de Andalucía, Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500 El Puerto de Santa Ma-ría, Cádiz, Spain; (I.H.-C.); (M.M.)
- “Crecimiento Azul”, Centro IFAPA el Toruño, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, 141500 El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Mónica B. Betancor
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK;
| | | | - Manuel Manchado
- Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria, Pesquera, Alimentaria y de la Producción Ecológi-ca (IFAPA), Centro El Toruño, Junta de Andalucía, Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500 El Puerto de Santa Ma-ría, Cádiz, Spain; (I.H.-C.); (M.M.)
- “Crecimiento Azul”, Centro IFAPA el Toruño, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, 141500 El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
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Pinho S, Leal MM, Shaw C, Baganz D, Baganz G, Staaks G, Kloas W, Körner O, Monsees H. Insect-based fish feed in decoupled aquaponic systems: Effect on lettuce production and resource use. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295811. [PMID: 38241264 PMCID: PMC10798475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The utilisation of insect meal-based fish feed as a substitute for conventional fish meal-based fish feed is considered as a promising innovative alternative to boost circularity in aquaculture and aquaponics. Basic research on its use in aquaponics is limited. So far, no reports on the effects of fish waste water, derived from a recirculating aquaculture system using Black Soldier Fly (BSF) meal-based diets, were available on the growth performance of lettuce. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effect of reusing fish waste water from tilapia culture (as a base for the nutrient solution) fed with a fish meal-based diet (FM) and a BSF meal-based diet on resource use and lettuce growth in decoupled aquaponic systems. A conventional hydroponics nutrient solution (HP) served as control, and inorganic fertilisers were added to all nutrient solutions to reach comparable target concentrations. The experiment was conducted in a controlled climate chamber in nine separate hydroponics units, three per treatment. Lettuce fresh and dry weight, number of leaves, relative leaf chlorophyll concentration, water consumption, and the usage of inorganic fertilisers were measured. Micro- and macronutrients in the nutrient solutions were monitored in time series. Similar lettuce yield was seen in all treatments, with no significant effects on fresh and dry weight, the number of leaves, and relative chlorophyll values. Water use per plant was also similar between treatments, while the amount of total inorganic fertiliser required was 32% lower in FM and BSF compared to HP. Higher sodium concentrations were found in the FM nutrient solutions compared to BSF and HP. The results confirm that BSF-based diet is a promising alternative to FM-based diet in aquaponics with no negative effects on lettuce growth. Additionally, BSF-based diet might be beneficial in intensive, professional aquaponics applications due to the lower sodium concentration in the nutrient solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pinho
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Margarida Meneses Leal
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher Shaw
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Baganz
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gösta Baganz
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Staaks
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Werner Kloas
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Körner
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Hendrik Monsees
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Grossbeeren, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
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11
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Donadelli V, Di Marco P, Mandich A, Finoia MG, Cardinaletti G, Petochi T, Longobardi A, Tibaldi E, Marino G. Effects of Dietary Plant Protein Replacement with Insect and Poultry By-Product Meals on the Liver Health and Serum Metabolites of Sea Bream ( Sparus aurata) and Sea Bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax). Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:241. [PMID: 38254412 PMCID: PMC10812684 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver health of Gilthead sea bream and European sea bass, fed with fish meal-free diets, including various proportions of plant proteins, as well as insect and poultry by-product meals, was investigated through biochemical and histological analyses using a new liver index (LI) formula. Four isoproteic (45% Dry Matter, DM) and isolipidic (20% DM) diets were compared, including a plant-based control diet (CV) and three other test diets, in which 40% of a plant protein-rich ingredient mixture was replaced with meals from Hermetia illucens (H40) or poultry by-product (P40) alone, or in combination (H10P30). The trials lasted 12 and 18 weeks for sea bream and sea bass, respectively. The results obtained thus far highlighted species-specific differences in the physiological response to dietary changes. In sea bream, the biochemical and histological responses suggest favorable physiological and liver health statuses, with higher serum cholesterol (CHO) and triglyceride (TAG) levels, as well as moderate hepatocyte lipid accumulation, with the H10P30 diet compared to the CV (p < 0.05). In sea bass, all diets resulted in elevated serum TAG levels and lipid accumulation in the liver, particularly in fish fed the P40 one (p < 0.05), which resulted in the highest LI, coupled with a higher frequency of severe lipid accumulation, hypertrophy, cord loss, peripheral nuclei displacement, and pyknosis. In conclusion, sea bream adapted well to the test diets, whereas sea bass exhibited altered hepatic lipid metabolism leading to incipient liver steatosis, likely due to the high lipid contents of the diets, including the insect and poultry meals. The LI formula developed in this study proved to be a reliable tool for assessing the effects of dietary changes on the liver health of sea bream and sea bass, consistent with biochemical and histological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Donadelli
- Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), 00144 Rome, Italy; (V.D.); (M.G.F.); (T.P.); (A.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Patrizia Di Marco
- Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), 00144 Rome, Italy; (V.D.); (M.G.F.); (T.P.); (A.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Alberta Mandich
- Interuniversity Consortium INBB—Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute, 00136 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Grazia Finoia
- Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), 00144 Rome, Italy; (V.D.); (M.G.F.); (T.P.); (A.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Gloriana Cardinaletti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (Di4A), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (G.C.); (E.T.)
| | - Tommaso Petochi
- Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), 00144 Rome, Italy; (V.D.); (M.G.F.); (T.P.); (A.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Alessandro Longobardi
- Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), 00144 Rome, Italy; (V.D.); (M.G.F.); (T.P.); (A.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Emilio Tibaldi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (Di4A), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (G.C.); (E.T.)
| | - Giovanna Marino
- Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), 00144 Rome, Italy; (V.D.); (M.G.F.); (T.P.); (A.L.); (G.M.)
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12
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Liu X, Wu H, Wang Y, Liu Y, Zhu H, Li Z, Shan P, Yuan Z. Comparative assessment of Chinese mitten crab aquaculture in China: Spatiotemporal changes and trade-offs. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 337:122544. [PMID: 37709121 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The increasing human demand for high-quality animal protein has provided impetus for the development of aquaculture. Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) is a catadromous species rapidly being cultured in China but scientific literature documenting its life cycle environmental and economic consequences remains scarce. This study aims to address this gap by examining the spatio-temporal evolution of crab aquaculture in China since the 2000s and evaluating the environmental and economic characteristics along its life-cycle stages: megalopa, juvenile crab, and adult crab cultivation. The geostatistical analysis shows a more dispersed pattern of crab aquaculture nationally as crab grows, with coastal provinces that have brackish water for megalopa cultivation but wider spatial coverage for juvenile and adult crab cultivation. Our findings reveal that the production of 1 ton of live-weight crab results in 7.65 ton of CO2 equivalent of greenhouse gas emissions, surpassing previous estimates for finfish fish production by approximately 50%. Most environmental pressures occur during the adult crab cultivation stage, with significant contributions from upstream processes such as electricity and feed production. By comparing between different production systems, our study shows that crab aquaculture in lake systems performs better than pond systems in terms of most global environmental impact categories and economic considerations. This work contributes to the existing literature by elucidating the spatio-temporal changes of crab aquaculture boom in China and constructing a representative life cycle data pool that broadens the benchmark knowledge on its environmental and economic characteristics. We highlight the trade-offs between environmental and economic performance as well as the balance between global and local environmental impacts to promote sustainable growth in the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huijun Wu
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Yajie Liu
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway
| | - Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zeru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Pengguang Shan
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Zengwei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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13
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Cheung WWL, Maire E, Oyinlola MA, Robinson JPW, Graham NAJ, Lam VWY, MacNeil MA, Hicks CC. Climate change exacerbates nutrient disparities from seafood. NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE 2023; 13:1242-1249. [PMID: 37927330 PMCID: PMC10624626 DOI: 10.1038/s41558-023-01822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Seafood is an important source of bioavailable micronutrients supporting human health, yet it is unclear how micronutrient production has changed in the past or how climate change will influence its availability. Here combining reconstructed fisheries databases and predictive models, we assess nutrient availability from fisheries and mariculture in the past and project their futures under climate change. Since the 1990s, availabilities of iron, calcium and omega-3 from seafood for direct human consumption have increased but stagnated for protein. Under climate change, nutrient availability is projected to decrease disproportionately in tropical low-income countries that are already highly dependent on seafood-derived nutrients. At 4 oC of warming, nutrient availability is projected to decline by ~30% by 2100 in low income countries, while at 1.5-2.0 oC warming, decreases are projected to be ~10%. We demonstrate the importance of effective mitigation to support nutritional security of vulnerable nations and global health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W. L. Cheung
- Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
| | - Eva Maire
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Muhammed A. Oyinlola
- Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
| | | | | | - Vicky W. Y. Lam
- Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
| | - M. Aaron MacNeil
- Ocean Frontier Institute, Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
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14
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Yi C, Huang D, Yu H, Gu J, Liang H, Ren M. Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Poultry By-Product Supplementation, Instead of Fishmeal, Alone Improves the Quality of Largemouth Bass ( Micropterus salmoides) Back Muscle without Compromising Growth. Foods 2023; 12:3485. [PMID: 37761194 PMCID: PMC10529141 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effects of enzymatically hydrolyzed poultry by-products (EHPB) on the growth and muscle quality of largemouth bass. Different concentrations of EHPB (0.00, 3.10, 6.20, 9.30, and 12.40%) were added to replace fishmeal (0.00 (control), 8.89 (EHPB1), 17.78 (EHPB2), 26.67 (EHPB3), and 35.56% (EHPB4)), respectively, in dietary supplementation. The results revealed that the growth performance and muscle amino acid and fatty acid remained unaltered in EHPB1 (p > 0.05). EHPB1 showed significant reduction in muscle hardness, gumminess, chewiness, and muscle fiber count and exhibited a significant increase in muscle fiber volume. The decrease in muscle hardness, gumminess, and chewiness means that the muscle can have a more tender texture. The expression of protein metabolism-related genes reached the highest levels in EHPB1 and EHPB2 (p < 0.05). The mRNA levels of s6k and igf-1 in EHPB2 and EHPB1 were significantly lower than those in the control group. Compared to the control group, the expression of muscle production-associated genes paxbp-1 was higher in EHPB1, and myod-1, myf-5, and syndecan-4 were higher in EHPB2. The mRNA levels of muscle atrophy-related genes, in EHPB4 and EHPB2, were significantly lower than those in the control group. Therefore, the EHPB1 group plays a role in promoting the expression of genes related to muscle formation. In summary, replacing 8.89% of fishmeal with EHPB in feed has no effect on growth and may improve back muscle quality in largemouth bass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changguo Yi
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi 214081, China (J.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Dongyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Heng Yu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi 214081, China (J.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Jiaze Gu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi 214081, China (J.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Hualiang Liang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi 214081, China (J.G.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Mingchun Ren
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi 214081, China (J.G.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
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15
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Toledo-Solís FJ, Larrán AM, Ortiz-Delgado JB, Sarasquete C, Dias J, Morais S, Fernández I. Specific Blood Plasma Circulating miRs Are Associated with the Physiological Impact of Total Fish Meal Replacement with Soybean Meal in Diets for Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss). BIOLOGY 2023; 12:937. [PMID: 37508368 PMCID: PMC10376541 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
High dietary SBM content is known to induce important physiological alterations, hampering its use as a major FM alternative. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles were fed two experimental diets during 9 weeks: (i) a FM diet containing 12% FM; and (ii) a vegetable meal (VM) diet totally devoid of FM and based on SBM (26%). Fish fed the VM diet did not show reduced growth performance when compared with fish fed the FM diet. Nevertheless, fish fed the VM diet had an increased viscerosomatic index, lower apparent fat digestibility, higher aminopeptidase enzyme activity and number of villi fusions, and lower α-amylase enzyme activity and brush border integrity. Small RNA-Seq analysis identified six miRs (omy-miR-730a-5p, omy-miR-135c-5p, omy-miR-93a-3p, omy-miR-152-5p, omy-miR-133a-5p, and omy-miR-196a-3p) with higher expression in blood plasma from fish fed the VM diet. Bioinformatic prediction of target mRNAs identified several overrepresented biological processes known to be associated with high dietary SBM content (e.g., lipid metabolism, epithelial integrity disruption, and bile acid status). The present research work increases our understanding of how SBM dietary content has a physiological impact in farmed fish and suggests circulating miRs might be suitable, integrative, and less invasive biomarkers in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Toledo-Solís
- Aquaculture Research Center, Agro-Technological Institute of Castilla y León (ITACyL), Ctra. Arévalo, Zamarramala, 40196 Segovia, Spain
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Col. Crédito 6 Constructor, Alcaldía Benito Juárez, Mexico City 03940, Mexico
| | - Ana M Larrán
- Aquaculture Research Center, Agro-Technological Institute of Castilla y León (ITACyL), Ctra. Arévalo, Zamarramala, 40196 Segovia, Spain
| | - Juan B Ortiz-Delgado
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía-ICMAN/CSIC, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, Apdo. Oficial, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Carmen Sarasquete
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía-ICMAN/CSIC, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, Apdo. Oficial, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Jorge Dias
- SPAROS Ltd., Área Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221 Olhão, Portugal
| | - Sofia Morais
- Lucta S.A., Innovation Division, UAB Research Park, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ignacio Fernández
- Aquaculture Research Center, Agro-Technological Institute of Castilla y León (ITACyL), Ctra. Arévalo, Zamarramala, 40196 Segovia, Spain
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), CSIC, 36390 Vigo, Spain
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16
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Harrison LOJ, Engelhard GH, Thurstan RH, Sturrock AM. Widening mismatch between UK seafood production and consumer demand: a 120-year perspective. REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES 2023; 33:1-22. [PMID: 37360578 PMCID: PMC10234684 DOI: 10.1007/s11160-023-09776-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Developed countries are increasingly dependent on international trade to meet seafood requirements, which has important social, environmental, and economic implications. After becoming an independent coastal state following Brexit, the UK faces increased trade barriers and changes in seafood availability and cost. We compiled a long-term (120-year) dataset of UK seafood production (landings and aquaculture), imports, and exports, and assessed the influence of policy change and consumer preference on domestic production and consumption. In the early twentieth century, distant-water fisheries met an increasing demand for large, flaky fish such as cod and haddock that are more abundant in northerly waters. Accordingly, from 1900 to 1975, the UK fleet supplied almost 90% of these fish. However, policy changes in the mid-1970s such as the widespread establishment of Exclusive Economic Zones and the UK joining the European Union resulted in large declines in distant-water fisheries and a growing mismatch between seafood production versus consumption in the UK. While in 1975, UK landings and aquaculture accounted for 89% of seafood consumed by the British public, by 2019 this was only 40%. The combination of policy changes and staunch consumer preferences for non-local species has resulted in today's situation, where the vast majority of seafood consumed in the UK is imported, and most seafood produced domestically is exported. There are also health considerations. The UK public currently consumes 31% less seafood than is recommended by government guidelines, and even if local species were more popular, total domestic production would still be 73% below recommended levels. In the face of climate change, global overfishing and potentially restrictive trade barriers, promoting locally sourced seafood and non-seafood alternatives would be prudent to help meet national food security demands, and health and environmental targets.. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11160-023-09776-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke O. J. Harrison
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ UK
| | - Georg H. Engelhard
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, NR33 0HT UK
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Ruth H. Thurstan
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall, TR10 9FE UK
| | - Anna M. Sturrock
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ UK
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17
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Kobayashi Y, El-Wali M, Guðmundsson H, Guðmundsdóttir EE, Friðjónsson ÓH, Karlsson EN, Roitto M, Tuomisto HL. Life-cycle assessment of yeast-based single-cell protein production with oat processing side-stream. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162318. [PMID: 36805067 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Production of fish meal and plant-based feed proteins continues to increase to meet the growing demand for seafood, leading to impacts on marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Microbial proteins such as single-cell proteins (SCPs) have been introduced as feed alternatives since they can replace current fish feed ingredients, e.g., soybean, which are associated with negative environmental impacts. Microbial protein production also enables utilization of grain processing side-streams as feedstock sources. This study assesses the environmental impacts of yeast-based SCP using oat side-stream as feedstock (OS-SCP). Life-cycle assessment with a cradle-to-gate approach was used to quantify global warming, freshwater eutrophication, marine eutrophication, terrestrial acidification, land use, and water consumption of OS-SCP production in Finland. Dried and wet side-streams of oat were compared with each other to identify differences in energy consumption and transportation effects. Sensitivity analysis was performed to examine the difference in impacts at various locations and fermentation times. Benchmarking was used to evaluate the environmental impacts of OS-SCP and other feed products, including both conventional and novel protein products. Results highlight the importance of energy sources in quantifying the environmental performance of OS-SCP production. OS-SCP produced with dried side-streams resulted in higher global warming (16.3 %) and water consumption (7.5 %) than OS-SCP produced from wet side-streams, reflecting the energy and water requirements for the drying process. Compared with conventional products, such as soy protein concentrates, OS-SCP resulted in 61 % less land use, while exacerbating the environmental impacts in all the other categories. OS-SCP had more impact on global warming (205-754 %), water consumption (166-1401 %), freshwater eutrophication (118-333 %), and terrestrial acidification (85-340 %) than other novel products, including yeast protein concentrate, methanotrophic bacterial SCP, and insect meal, while lowering global warming (11 %) and freshwater eutrophication (20 %) compared with dry microalgae biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Kobayashi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, 27, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), 4, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mohammad El-Wali
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, 27, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), 4, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | - Marja Roitto
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, 27, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), 4, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna L Tuomisto
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, 27, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), 4, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland; Natural Resources Institute Finland, 2, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
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18
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Deng Y, Yang X, Yan T, Xu W, Li J, Niu R, Zhao R, Wang H, Wang H, Chen T, Guo M, Wang W, Liu D. Ultrasound-induced cell disintegration and its ultrastructure characterization for the valorisation of Chlorella pyrenoidosa protein. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 381:129046. [PMID: 37044154 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Chlorella pyrenoidosa (CP) has great potential for feeding future demands in food, environment, energy, and pharmaceuticals. To achieve this goal, the exploitation of emerging efficient technique such as ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for CP nutrient enrichment is crucial. Here, UAE is deployed for high-efficient CP protein (CPP) valorisation. Compared to conventional solvent extraction (CSE), remarkable mass transfer enhancements with 9-time protein yields and 3-time extraction rate are achieved by ultrasonic cavitation in UAE, indicating UAE can drastically shift intracellular nutrients including proteins and pigments to solvent. Cell morphology and ultrastructure show the different responses of cell wall and membrane, indicating that the cell membrane may play a role in the extraction process, based on which the extremely-low efficiency of CSE and high efficiency of UAE are highlighted. This study provides a solution for future food crisis by extracting CPP and may open a new discussion field in ultrasonic extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Deng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tianyi Yan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weidong Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiaheng Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ruihao Niu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Runan Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Han Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mingming Guo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiashan 314100, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiashan 314100, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Donghong Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiashan 314100, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
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19
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Kuempel CD, Frazier M, Verstaen J, Rayner PE, Blanchard JL, Cottrell RS, Froehlich HE, Gephart JA, Jacobsen NS, McIntyre PB, Metian M, Moran D, Nash KL, Többen J, Williams DR, Halpern BS. Environmental footprints of farmed chicken and salmon bridge the land and sea. Curr Biol 2023; 33:990-997.e4. [PMID: 36787746 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Food production, particularly of fed animals, is a leading cause of environmental degradation globally.1,2 Understanding where and how much environmental pressure different fed animal products exert is critical to designing effective food policies that promote sustainability.3 Here, we assess and compare the environmental footprint of farming industrial broiler chickens and farmed salmonids (salmon, marine trout, and Arctic char) to identify opportunities to reduce environmental pressures. We map cumulative environmental pressures (greenhouse gas emissions, nutrient pollution, freshwater use, and spatial disturbance), with particular focus on dynamics across the land and sea. We found that farming broiler chickens disturbs 9 times more area than farming salmon (∼924,000 vs. ∼103,500 km2) but yields 55 times greater production. The footprints of both sectors are extensive, but 95% of cumulative pressures are concentrated into <5% of total area. Surprisingly, the location of these pressures is similar (85.5% spatial overlap between chicken and salmon pressures), primarily due to shared feed ingredients. Environmental pressures from feed ingredients account for >78% and >69% of cumulative pressures of broiler chicken and farmed salmon production, respectively, and could represent a key leverage point to reduce environmental footprints. The environmental efficiency (cumulative pressures per tonne of production) also differs geographically, with areas of high efficiency revealing further potential to promote sustainability. The propagation of environmental pressures across the land and sea underscores the importance of integrating food policies across realms and sectors to advance food system sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin D Kuempel
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; National Center for Ecological Analysis & Synthesis, University of California, 1021 Anacapa St., Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA.
| | - Melanie Frazier
- National Center for Ecological Analysis & Synthesis, University of California, 1021 Anacapa St., Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA
| | - Juliette Verstaen
- National Center for Ecological Analysis & Synthesis, University of California, 1021 Anacapa St., Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA
| | - Paul-Eric Rayner
- National Center for Ecological Analysis & Synthesis, University of California, 1021 Anacapa St., Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA
| | - Julia L Blanchard
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7004, Australia; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7004, Australia
| | - Richard S Cottrell
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7004, Australia; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7004, Australia; Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Halley E Froehlich
- Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Jessica A Gephart
- Department of Environmental Science, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Nis Sand Jacobsen
- Technical University of Denmark, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Kemitorvet 1, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Peter B McIntyre
- Department of Natural Resource and Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Marc Metian
- International Atomic Energy Agency - Marine Environment Laboratories (IAEA-MEL), Radioecology Laboratory, Principality of Monaco, Monaco
| | - Daniel Moran
- Industrial Ecology Programme, Department of Energy and Process Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7016, Norway
| | - Kirsty L Nash
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7004, Australia
| | - Johannes Többen
- GWS (Institute of Economic Structures Research), 49080 Osnabrück, Germany; Social Metabolism & Impacts, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Member of the Leibniz Association, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - David R Williams
- Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS29JT, UK; Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Benjamin S Halpern
- National Center for Ecological Analysis & Synthesis, University of California, 1021 Anacapa St., Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA; Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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20
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Stejskal V, Tran HQ, Prokesová M, Zare M, Gebauer T, Policar T, Caimi C, Gai F, Gasco L. Defatted black soldier fly ( Hermetia illucens) in pikeperch ( Sander lucioperca) diets: Effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fillet quality, economic and environmental sustainability. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 12:7-19. [PMID: 36381064 PMCID: PMC9633741 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of insect meal in aquafeed formulations has recently gained attention. Detailed knowledge about the inclusion levels for pikeperch (Sander lucioperca), a promising candidate for intensive aquaculture in Europe remains, however, fragmented. In the present study, 4 isoproteic (45% dry matter) and isoenergetic (21 MJ/kg) diets were formulated, including a control diet (H0) containing 30% fishmeal (FM) on an as-fed basis and the other 3 diets in which FM protein was replaced by defatted black soldier fly (Hemetia illucens) meal (HIM) at 25%, 50%, and 100% (diet abbreviation H9, H18 and H36, corresponding to an inclusion level of 9%, 18% and 36%, respectively). The feeding trial was performed in triplicate groups of 50 juvenile pikeperch (mean weight, 68.7 g) fed with experimental diets for 84 d during which the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fillet quality and economic and environmental sustainability of rearing pikeperch were evaluated. Our findings indicated that pikeperch in H0, H9, and H18 groups displayed better results regarding growth performance indices, except for survival rate where no significant difference among groups was recorded (P = 0.642). A significantly lower organ-somatic index, including hepatosomatic, viscerosomatic and perivisceral fat index, was found in fish in H18 groups than other groups (P < 0.05). Inclusion of HIM affected the digestibility of the nutrients and resulted in an almost linear reduction in the apparent digestibility coefficient of dry matter and protein. Concerning the fillet quality, dietary HIM negatively affected the protein and ash contents of the fish fillets, while the crude fat remained unchanged. Dietary HIM did not significantly modify total saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the fillets of fed pikeperch (P > 0.05) but did reduce total n-3 fatty acids (P = 0.001) and increased total n-6 (P < 0.001). Increasing inclusion levels of HIM reduced the environmental impacts associated with fish in-to-fish out ratio but entailed heavy burdens on energy use and eutrophication. Low and moderate inclusion levels of HIM did not negatively affect land use and water use compared to an HIM-free diet (P > 0.05). The addition of HIM at a level as low as 9% elicited a similar carbon footprint to that of the control diet. The economic conversion ratio and economic profit index were negatively affected at increased insect meal inclusion levels. This study has shown that the incorporation of HIM in feed formulations for pikeperch is feasible at inclusion levels of 18% without adverse effects on growth performance parameters. The feasibility also highlighted the environmental benefits associated with land use and marine resources required to produce farmed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlastimil Stejskal
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Husova tř. 458/102, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Hung Quang Tran
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Husova tř. 458/102, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Prokesová
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Husova tř. 458/102, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Mahyar Zare
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Husova tř. 458/102, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tatyana Gebauer
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Husova tř. 458/102, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Policar
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Husova tř. 458/102, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Christian Caimi
- University of Torino, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Francesco Gai
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Laura Gasco
- University of Torino, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
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21
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Woolley L, Chaklader MR, Pilmer L, Stephens F, Wingate C, Salini M, Partridge G. Gas to protein: Microbial single cell protein is an alternative to fishmeal in aquaculture. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160141. [PMID: 36395832 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Methanotrophic bacteria represent an appealing opportunity to convert methane, a potent greenhouse gas, into a highly nutritious animal feed ingredient, single-cell protein (SCP). SCP has a comparable or superior nutritional profile that to most conventional protein sources and can be produced within a lower environmental footprint. The present study investigated the effect of replacing fishmeal (FM) with methanotrophic SCP in diets for barramundi (Lates calcarifer), a carnivorous fish with a high demand for dietary protein and energy. Dietary inclusion levels of 0 %, 10 %, 20 % and 30 % SCP (representing 0, 25, 50 and 75 % FM replacement) were tested, with and without additives. Triplicate groups of juvenile barramundi were fed the diets over 31 days. The inclusion of SCP significantly improved weight gain and feed conversion efficiency (FCE). Dietary SCP inclusion supported good gut health, with decreasing trends of hepatosomatic index, improved plasma biochemistry, and no adverse histopathological changes. Barramundi fed the SCP diets showed an intact intestinal barrier and a significant improvement in villi and lamina propria area when fed the additive supplemented SCP diets. This study demonstrates that this SCP is highly palatable to barramundi (even without dietary additives) and can replace up to 75 % FM with significant improvements in growth and FCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Woolley
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Fleet Street, Fremantle, Western Australia 6160, Australia; Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, School of Veterinary & Life Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia.
| | - Md Reaz Chaklader
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Fleet Street, Fremantle, Western Australia 6160, Australia
| | - Luke Pilmer
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Fleet Street, Fremantle, Western Australia 6160, Australia; Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, School of Veterinary & Life Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Frances Stephens
- Independent, Dalgety Road, Middle Swan, Western Australia 6056, Australia
| | - Catherine Wingate
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Michael Salini
- Ridley Agriproducts Pty Ltd, Robart Court, Narangba, Queensland 4504, Australia; Nutrition and Seafood Laboratory (NuSea.Lab), School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Victoria 3225, Australia
| | - Gavin Partridge
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Fleet Street, Fremantle, Western Australia 6160, Australia; Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, School of Veterinary & Life Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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22
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Sarker PK. Microorganisms in Fish Feeds, Technological Innovations, and Key Strategies for Sustainable Aquaculture. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020439. [PMID: 36838404 PMCID: PMC9961935 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture, the world's fastest growing food sector, produces over half of all fish for human consumption. Aquaculture feeds include fishmeal and fish oil, extracted from wild-caught fish such as sardines, and poses ecological, food security, and economic drawbacks. Microalgae, yeasts, fungi, bacteria, and other alternative ingredients show promise as potential ingredients in aquafeeds that provide protein/amino acids, lipids, or omega-3 sources and sources of bioactive molecules. This review article discusses the issues that the literature often lacks data on, such as the recent development of using microorganisms, technological innovation, challenges, and opportunities to develop a low environmental footprint of aquaculture diet. The ingredients often require novel processing technology to improve digestibility and fish growth and reduce antinutritional factors. This is an important gap to fill because microalgae are the most frequently used organism in fish feed, particularly as a dietary supplement or mixed with other ingredients. The production, processing, and formulating steps can affect the nutritional qualities. Stepwise strategies are required to evaluate these ingredients for feed application, and in this article, I articulated the stepwise key approaches of evaluating nutritional and environmental response metrics to develop highly sustainable aquaculture feed using these microorganisms, which would guide a more judicious inclusion of these novel ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallab K Sarker
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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23
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Trevi S, Uren Webster T, Consuegra S, Garcia de Leaniz C. Benefits of the microalgae Spirulina and Schizochytrium in fish nutrition: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2208. [PMID: 36750713 PMCID: PMC9905068 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29183-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Use of microalgae in fish nutrition can relieve pressure on wild fish stocks, but there is no systematic quantitative evaluation of microalgae benefits. We conducted a metanalysis on the nutritional benefits of Spirulina and Schizochytrium as replacements of fishmeal and fish or plant oil, respectively. We reviewed 50 peer-reviewed studies involving 26 finfish species and 144 control vs microalgae replacement comparisons. Inclusion of Spirulina in the fish diet significantly improved growth compared to controls (SMD = 1.21; 95% CI 0.71-1.70), while inclusion of Schizochytrium maintained the content of omega-3 PUFA of the fish fillet compared to fish fed on fish or plant oils (SMD = 0.62; 95% CI - 0.51-1.76). Benefits were apparent at replacement levels as low as 0.025% in the case of Spirulina and 10% in the case of Schizochytrium oil. Dose-dependent effects were found for Spirulina replacement on growth, but not for Schizochytrium on omega-3 fillet content. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression revealed that ~ 24-27% of variation in effect sizes can be accounted by variation between fish families, the rest likely reflecting variation in experimental conditions. Overall, the evidence indicates that Spirulina and Schizochytrium replacement in aquafeeds can be used to improve fish growth and maintain fillet quality, respectively, but considerable uncertainty exists on the predicted responses. To reduce uncertainty and facilitate the transition towards more sustainable aquafeeds, we recommend that feeding trials using microalgae are conducted under commercially relevant conditions and that greater care is taken to report full results to account for sources of heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Trevi
- Swansea University, Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Research (CSAR), Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - T Uren Webster
- Swansea University, Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Research (CSAR), Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - S Consuegra
- Swansea University, Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Research (CSAR), Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - C Garcia de Leaniz
- Swansea University, Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Research (CSAR), Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
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24
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Chen CY, Lu JC, Chang YH, Chen JH, Nagarajan D, Lee DJ, Chang JS. Optimizing heterotrophic production of Chlorella sorokiniana SU-9 proteins potentially used as a sustainable protein substitute in aquafeed. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 370:128538. [PMID: 36581231 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Alternative protein sources for the reduction/replacement of fish meal in aqua-feeds are in urgent demand. Microalgae are considered sustainable protein sources for aquaculture due to their high-quality proteins with a complete profile of essential amino acids. This study examined the heterotrophic production of proteins from Chlorella sorokiniana SU-9. Culture parameters for maximal biomass and protein production are as follows: glucose - 10 g/L glucose, sodium nitrate - 1.5 g/L, and iron - 46 μM iron in BG-11 medium. Under optimal conditions, biomass content, protein content and protein productivity of SU-9 reached 4.14 ± 0.20 g/L, 403 ± 33 mg/g and 382 ± 36 mg/L/d, respectively. The protein profile of Chlorella sorokiniana SU-9 is comparable to fishmeal and soybean meal. The essential amino acids arginine, lysine and cysteine, along with glutamine and glutamate, were high. The production cost of SU-9 can be significantly reduced under heterotrophic cultivation conditions, making it a potential protein substitute in aquafeed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yen Chen
- University Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Research Center for Circular Economy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Ci Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Heng Chen
- Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Dillirani Nagarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Tang, Hong Kong
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li 32003, Taiwan.
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25
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Napier JA, Betancor MB. Engineering plant-based feedstocks for sustainable aquaculture. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 71:102323. [PMID: 36508933 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing recognition of the challenges associated with ensuring good nutrition for all without compromising the environment. This is particularly true for aquaculture, given the reliance on marine extraction for key feed ingredients, yet at the same time it delivers key nutrients such as omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. This review will consider progress in transitioning away from oceanic-derived fish oils as feed ingredients, focusing on the emerging transgenic plant sources of these fatty acids. Specific consideration is given to the "validation" phase of this process, in which oils from GM plants are used as substitutes for bona fide fish oils in aquafeed diets. Equally, consideration is given to the demonstration of "real-world" potential by GM field trials. Collectively, the status of these new plant-based sources of omega-3 fish oils confirm the arrival of a new wave of plant biotech products, 25 years after the introduction of herbicide-tolerant input traits and demonstrate the power of GM agriculture to contribute to food security and operating within planetary boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica B Betancor
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
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26
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Ratti S, Zarantoniello M, Chemello G, Giammarino M, Palermo FA, Cocci P, Mosconi G, Tignani MV, Pascon G, Cardinaletti G, Pacetti D, Nartea A, Parisi G, Riolo P, Belloni A, Olivotto I. Spirulina-enriched Substrate to Rear Black Soldier Fly ( Hermetia illucens) Prepupae as Alternative Aquafeed Ingredient for Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) Diets: Possible Effects on Zootechnical Performances, Gut and Liver Health Status, and Fillet Quality. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13010173. [PMID: 36611781 PMCID: PMC9818012 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, an organic substrate (coffee silverskin) enriched with spirulina (Arthrospira platensis; 15% w/w), as a source of lipids and bioactive molecules, was used to rear the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) prepupae. Three grossly isonitrogenous, isoproteic, isolipidic and isoenergetic experimental diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles were then produced: a control diet (HM0) mostly including fish meal and fish oil, and two other test diets named HM3 and HM20, in which 3 or 20% of the marine ingredients were substituted with full fat black soldier fly prepupae meal (HM), respectively. Experimental diets were provided for 6 weeks, and at the end of the trial the physiological responses and marketable traits of the fish were investigated using a multidisciplinary approach. Generally, all test diets were well accepted, and fish growth, gut and liver health status, and marketable characteristics were not impaired by the experimental diets. However, an increased immuno-related gene expression along with a slight reduction of fillet redness and yellowness was evident in fish from the HM20 group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ratti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Matteo Zarantoniello
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulia Chemello
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Miriam Giammarino
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Cocci
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Gilberto Mosconi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Tignani
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, 50144 Firenze, Italy
| | - Giulia Pascon
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Gloriana Cardinaletti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Deborah Pacetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Ancuta Nartea
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giuliana Parisi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, 50144 Firenze, Italy
| | - Paola Riolo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessia Belloni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Ike Olivotto
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-071-220-4643
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27
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Mota CSC, Pinto O, Sá T, Ferreira M, Delerue-Matos C, Cabrita ARJ, Almeida A, Abreu H, Silva J, Fonseca AJM, Valente LMP, Maia MRG. A commercial blend of macroalgae and microalgae promotes digestibility, growth performance, and muscle nutritional value of European seabass ( Dicentrarchus labrax L.) juveniles. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1165343. [PMID: 37139456 PMCID: PMC10150028 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1165343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Algae can leverage aquaculture sustainability and improve the nutritional and functional value of fish for human consumption, but may pose challenges to carnivorous fish. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of a commercial blend of macroalgae (Ulva sp. and Gracilaria gracilis) and microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris and Nannochloropsis oceanica) in a plant-based diet up to 6% (dry matter basis) on digestibility, gut integrity, nutrient utilization, growth performance, and muscle nutritional value of European seabass juveniles. Fish (11.3 ± 2.70 g) were fed with isoproteic, isolipidic, and isoenergetic diets: (i) a commercial-type plant-based diet with moderate fishmeal (125 g kg-1 DM basis) and without algae blend (control diet; Algae0), (ii) the control diet with 2% algae blend (Algae2), (iii) the control diet with 4% algae blend (Algae4), and (iv) the control diet with 6% algae blend (Algae6) for 12 weeks. The digestibility of experimental diets was assessed in a parallel study after 20 days. Results showed that most nutrients and energy apparent digestibility coefficients were promoted by algae blend supplementation, with a concomitant increase in lipid and energy retention efficiencies. Growth performance was significantly promoted by the algae blend, the final body weight of fish fed Algae6 being 70% higher than that of fish fed Algae0 after 12 weeks, reflecting up to 20% higher feed intake of algae-fed fish and the enhanced anterior intestinal absorption area (up to 45%). Whole-body and muscle lipid contents were increased with dietary algae supplementation levels by up to 1.79 and 1.74 folds in Algae 6 compared to Algae0, respectively. Even though the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids was reduced, the content of EPA and DHA in the muscle of algae-fed fish increased by nearly 43% compared to Algae0. The skin and filet color of juvenile European seabass were significantly affected by the dietary inclusion of the algae blend, but changes were small in the case of muscle, meeting the preference of consumers. Overall results highlight the beneficial effects of the commercial algae blend (Algaessence®) supplementation in plant-based diets for European seabass juveniles, but feeding trials up to commercial-size fish are needed to fully assess its potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia S. C. Mota
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Olívia Pinto
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Sá
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Mariana Ferreira
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
- ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana R. J. Cabrita
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Almeida
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Abreu
- ALGAplus-Produção e Comercialização de Algas e seus Derivados, Lda, PCI, Ílhavo, Portugal
| | - Joana Silva
- ALLMICROALGAE—Natural Products, Pataias, Portugal
| | - António J. M. Fonseca
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luisa M. P. Valente
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
- ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida R. G. Maia
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Margarida R. G. Maia
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28
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Liu Y, Ma S, Lv W, Shi H, Qiu G, Chang H, Lu S, Wang D, Wang C, Han S, Liu H. Effects of replacing fishmeal with cottonseed protein concentrate on growth performance, blood metabolites, and the intestinal health of juvenile rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss). Front Immunol 2022; 13:1079677. [PMID: 36618404 PMCID: PMC9811179 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1079677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) is a potential non-food protein source for fishmeal replacement in fish feed. However, a high inclusion level of CPC in diets may have adverse effects on the metabolism and health of carnivorous fish. This study aimed to investigate CPC as a fishmeal alternative in the diet of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss based on growth performance, blood metabolites, and intestinal health. Five isonitrogenous (46% crude protein) and isolipidic (16% crude lipid) diets were formulated: a control diet (30% fishmeal) and four experimental diets with substitution of fishmeal by CPC at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. A total of 600 fish (mean body weight 11.24g) were hand-fed the five formulated diets to apparent satiation for eight weeks. The results showed no adverse effects on growth performance when 75% dietary fishmeal was replaced by CPC. However, reduced growth and feed intake were observed in rainbow trout fed a fishmeal-free diet based on CPC (CPC100%). Changes in serum metabolites were also observed in CPC100% compared with the control group, including an increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), a decrease in alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alterations in free amino acids, and reductions in cholesterol metabolism. In addition, the CPC-based diet resulted in reduced intestinal trypsin, decreased villus height and width in the distal intestine, upregulated mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in the intestine, and impaired gut microbiota with reduced bacterial diversity and decreased abundance of Bacillaceae compared with the control group. The findings suggest that the optimum substitution rate of dietary fishmeal by CPC for rainbow trout should be less than 75%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Shuwei Ma
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Weihua Lv
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Honghe Shi
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- Animal Science and Technology College of Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangwen Qiu
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- Animal Science and Technology College of Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongmiao Chang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Shaoxia Lu
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Di Wang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Changan Wang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shicheng Han
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Hongbai Liu
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
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29
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Ma W, Liu M, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Huang P, Guo D, Sun X, Huang H. Efficient co-production of EPA and DHA by Schizochytrium sp. via regulation of the polyketide synthase pathway. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1356. [PMID: 36494568 PMCID: PMC9734096 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04334-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Presently, the supply of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) traditionally produced by marine fisheries will be insufficient to meet their market demand in food industry. Thus a sustainable alternative source is urgently required. Schizochytrium sp. is an ideal producer of DHA; however, its ability to co-produce DHA and EPA has not yet been proved. Herein, we first described a cobalamin-independent methionine synthase-like (MetE-like) complex, which contains independent acyltransferase and 3-ketoacyl synthase domains, independent of the traditional polyketide synthase (PKS) system. When the MetE-like complex was activated, the EPA content was increased from 1.26% to 7.63%, which is 6.06-folds higher than that in the inactivated condition. Through lipidomics, we find that EPA is more inclined to be stored as triglyceride. Finally, the EPA production was enhanced from 4.19 to 29.83 (mg/g cell dry weight) using mixed carbon sources, and the final yield reached 2.25 g/L EPA and 9.59 g/L DHA, which means that Schizochytrium sp. has great market potential for co-production of EPA and DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Ma
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengzhen Liu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, China
| | - Zixu Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingshuang Xu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengwei Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongsheng Guo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoman Sun
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, China.
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, China.
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, China.
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30
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Goncalves R, Lund I, Sousa D, Skov PV. Shrimp waste meal (Pandalus borealis) as an alternative ingredient in diets for juvenile European lobster (Homarus gammarus, L.). Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Javourez U, Rosero Delgado EA, Hamelin L. Upgrading agrifood co-products via solid fermentation yields environmental benefits under specific conditions only. NATURE FOOD 2022; 3:911-920. [PMID: 37118204 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-022-00621-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Transforming residual biomass into edible ingredients is increasingly promoted to alleviate the environmental impacts of food systems. Yet, these approaches mostly rely on emerging technologies and constrained resources, and their environmental benefits remain unclear. By combining process-based consequential life cycle analysis, uncertainty assessment and biomass resource estimation, we quantified the impacts of deploying waste-to-nutrition pathways, here applied to the upgrading of agrifood co-products by solid-state fermentation (SSF). The benefits of reducing the demand for soybean meal by enhancing the protein concentration of feed through SSF do not compensate for the environmental burdens induced by the process on climate change, water depletion and land use. Besides unlocking feed markets to low-feed-quality streams, SSF outperforms energy valorization for most environmental impacts but is less competitive to mitigate climate change. Yet, SSF yields overall environmental benefits when unlocking food markets rather than supplying feed and energy services. Systematic methodological harmonization is required to assess the potential of novel ingredients, as outcomes vary according to the displaced food and feed baskets, and related land use changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Javourez
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France.
| | - E A Rosero Delgado
- Departamento de Procesos Químicos Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Físicas y Químicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Ecuador
| | - L Hamelin
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
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32
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Sandström V, Chrysafi A, Lamminen M, Troell M, Jalava M, Piipponen J, Siebert S, van Hal O, Virkki V, Kummu M. Food system by-products upcycled in livestock and aquaculture feeds can increase global food supply. NATURE FOOD 2022; 3:729-740. [PMID: 37118146 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-022-00589-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Many livestock and aquaculture feeds compete for resources with food production. Increasing the use of food system by-products and residues as feed could reduce this competition. We gathered data on global food system material flows for crop, livestock and aquaculture production, focusing on feed use and the availability of by-products and residues. We then analysed the potential of replacing food-competing feedstuff-here cereals, whole fish, vegetable oils and pulses that account for 15% of total feed use-with food system by-products and residues. Considering the nutritional requirements of food-producing animals, including farmed aquatic species, this replacement could increase the current global food supply by up to 13% (10-16%) in terms of kcal and 15% (12-19%) in terms of protein content. Increasing the use of food system by-products as feed has considerable potential, particularly when combined with other measures, in the much-needed transition towards circular food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilma Sandström
- Water & Development Research Group, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Anna Chrysafi
- Water & Development Research Group, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Marjukka Lamminen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Max Troell
- Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mika Jalava
- Water & Development Research Group, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Stefan Siebert
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ollie van Hal
- Louis Bolk Institute, Bunnik, the Netherlands
- Animal Production Systems group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Vili Virkki
- Water & Development Research Group, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Matti Kummu
- Water & Development Research Group, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
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Rohani MF, Bristy AA, Hasan J, Hossain MK, Shahjahan M. Dietary Zinc in Association with Vitamin E Promotes Growth Performance of Nile Tilapia. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:4150-4159. [PMID: 34739679 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) and vitamin E (VE) are essential micro-nutrients that contribute a pivotal role in the physiology and nutrition of fish. An experiment was designed to know the effects of Zn and VE addition in the diet on growth and feed utilization in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Four diets containing Zn (80 mg/kg), VE (50 mg/kg), Zn (80 mg/kg) + VE (50 mg/kg), and without Zn and VE (control) were fed to Nile tilapia in aquaria with triplicate groups for 6 weeks. Survival, growth parameters (weight gain, WG; %WG; specific growth rate, SGR), and feed utilization (protein efficiency ratio, PER; feed conversion ratio, FCR) were calculated at the end of the feeding trial. Several hemato-biochemical parameters (hemoglobin, Hb; red blood cell, RBC; white blood cell, WBC, and glucose) and morphology of muscle were analyzed. The growth parameters (WG, %WG, and SGR) and feed utilization (FCR and PER) improved significantly in the fish fed with Zn, VE, and Zn + VE supplemented diets. There was no significant change in the values of Hb, RBC, WBC, and glucose level among different groups. Significantly improved diameter of muscle fiber, reduced distance between muscle fiber, and increased number of the nucleus and hyperplastic muscle fiber were observed in the fish fed with Zn, VE, and Zn + VE supplemented diets. These results suggested that Zn and VE can be effectively incorporated into the diets of Nile tilapia for better growth with maximum feed utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Fazle Rohani
- Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
- Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Asma Akter Bristy
- Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Jabed Hasan
- Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kabir Hossain
- Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahjahan
- Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
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Rocker MM, Mock TS, Turchini GM, Francis DS. The judicious use of finite marine resources can sustain Atlantic salmon (salmo salar) aquaculture to 2100 and beyond. NATURE FOOD 2022; 3:644-649. [PMID: 37118604 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-022-00561-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The production of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is currently linked to finite marine resources, particularly fish oil (FO) and fish meal (FM). Understanding this relationship in a quantitative manner is imperative if this critical balance is to be maintained within sustainable limits as the industry grows. Here we project the potential production and associated growth of the Atlantic salmon aquaculture industry on the basis of a variety of FO and FM utilization scenarios in aquafeed. Reducing FO and FM dietary inclusion to 3% each could permit production growth of 2% per year until the turn of the century (2097 and beyond 2100, respectively), independent of a host of alternatives now being utilized-with three portions of salmon per week providing almost all the recommended weekly long-chain omega-3 fatty acids for human intake. The Atlantic salmon industry's positive annual growth can continue in an era of finite marine resource availability-without the need for additional finite marine resource inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Rocker
- Nutrition and Seafood Laboratory (NuSea.Lab), School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Queenscliff, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas S Mock
- Nutrition and Seafood Laboratory (NuSea.Lab), School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Queenscliff, Victoria, Australia
| | - Giovanni M Turchini
- School of Agriculture and Food, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David S Francis
- Nutrition and Seafood Laboratory (NuSea.Lab), School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Queenscliff, Victoria, Australia.
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35
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Biochemical Characterization and In Vitro Digestibility of Protein Isolates from Hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) By-Products for Salmonid Feed Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154794. [PMID: 35956747 PMCID: PMC9369619 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) processing by-products (hemp cake and hemp seed hulls) were studied for their protein content, extraction of protein isolates (PIs), and their in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD). Crude protein contents of hemp cake and hemp seed hulls were 30.4% and 8.6%, respectively, calculated based on generalized N-to-P conversion factor (N × 5.37). Extraction efficiency of PIs from defatted biomass ranged from 56.0 to 67.7% with alkaline extraction (0.1 M NaOH) followed by isoelectric precipitation (1.0 M HCl). Nitrogen analysis suggested that the total protein contents of PIs extracted using three different alkaline conditions (0.5 M, 0.1 M, and pH 10.0 with NaOH) were >69.7%. The hemp by-product PIs contained all essential amino acids (EAAs) required for fish with leucine, valine, and phenylalanine belonging to the five dominant amino acids. Overall, glutamate was the dominant non-EAA followed by aspartate. Coomassie staining of an SDS-PAGE gel revealed strong presence of the storage protein edestin. High IVPD of >88% was observed for PIs extracted from hemp seeds and by-products when evaluated using a two-phase in vitro gastric/pancreatic protein digestibility assay. PIs extracted from by-products were further tested for their antioxidant activities. The tested PIs showed dose-dependent DPPH radical scavenging activity and possessed strong ORAC values > 650 μM TE/g.
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Pleić IL, Bušelić I, Messina M, Hrabar J, Žuvić L, Talijančić I, Žužul I, Pavelin T, Anđelić I, Pleadin J, Puizina J, Grubišić L, Tibaldi E, Šegvić-Bubić T. A plant-based diet supplemented with Hermetia illucens alone or in combination with poultry by-product meal: one step closer to sustainable aquafeeds for European seabass. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:77. [PMID: 35811320 PMCID: PMC9272557 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00725-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing demand for high-value fish species and pressure on forage fish is challenging aquaculture to ensure sustainable growth by replacing protein sources in aquafeeds with plant and terrestrial animal proteins, without compromising the economic value and quality of the final fish product. In the present study, the effects of a plant protein-based diet (CV), two plant-based diets in which graded amounts of plan protein mixtures were replaced with Hermetia illucens meal alone (VH10) or in combination with poultry by-product meal (PBM) (VH10P30), a fishmeal (FM) diet (CF) and an FM diet supplemented with H. illucens (FH10) on growth performance, gut health and homeostasis of farmed subadult European seabass were tested and compared. Results Fish fed the VH10 and VH10P30 diets showed the highest specific growth rates and lowest feed conversion ratios among the tested groups. Expectedly, the best preservation of PI morphology was observed in fish fed the CF or FH10 diets, while fish fed the CV diet exhibited significant degenerative changes in the proximal and distal intestines. However, PBM supplementation mitigated these effects and significantly improved all gut morphometric parameters in the VH10P30 group. Partial substitution of the plant mixture with insect meal alone or PBM also induced most BBM genes and activated BBM enzymes, suggesting a beneficial effect on intestinal digestive/absorption functions. Regarding intestinal microbiota, fish fed diets containing H. illucens meal (FH10, VH10, VH10P30) had the highest richness of bacterial communities and abundance of beneficial genera such as Lactobacillus and Bacillus. On the other hand, fish fed CV had the highest microbial diversity but lost a significant component of fish intestinal microbiota, the phylum Bacteroidetes. Finally, skin pigmentation most similar to that of farmed or even wild seabass was also observed in the fish groups fed CF, FH10 or VH10P30. Conclusion Plant-based diets supplemented with PBM and H. illucens pupae meal have great potential as alternative diets for European seabass, without affecting growth performance, gut homeostasis, or overall fitness. This also highlights the importance of animal proteins in diets of European seabass, as the addition of a small amount of these alternative animal protein sources significantly improved all measured parameters. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-022-00725-z.
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Palomba A, Melis R, Biosa G, Braca A, Pisanu S, Ghisaura S, Caimi C, Biasato I, Oddon SB, Gasco L, Terova G, Moroni F, Antonini M, Pagnozzi D, Anedda R. On the Compatibility of Fish Meal Replacements in Aquafeeds for Rainbow Trout. A Combined Metabolomic, Proteomic and Histological Study. Front Physiol 2022; 13:920289. [PMID: 35846007 PMCID: PMC9276982 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.920289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The sustainable development of modern aquaculture must rely on a significant reduction of the fish meal (FM) used in aquafeed formulations. However, FM substitution with alternative ingredients in diets for carnivorous fish species often showed reduced nutrient absorption, significantly perturbed metabolisms, and histological changes at both hepatic and intestinal levels. In the present study, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fed three different experimental aquafeeds. A control diet with higher FM content (27.3%) than two test formulations in which FM was substituted with two more sustainable and promising alternatives: insect meal (Hermetia illucens larvae = 10.1%, FM = 11.6%) and poultry by-products meal (PBM = 14.8%; FM = 11.7%). Combined metabolomics and proteomics analyses of fish liver, together with histological examination of liver and intestine demonstrated that a well-balanced formulation of nutrients in the three diets allowed high metabolic compatibility of either substitution, paving the way for a deeper understanding of the impact of novel raw materials for the fish feed industry. Results show that the main metabolic pathways of nutrient absorption and catabolism were essentially unaltered by alternative feed ingredients, and also histological alterations were negligible. It is demonstrated that the substitution of FM with sustainable alternatives does not have a negative impact on fish metabolism, as long as the nutritional requirements of rainbow trout are fulfilled.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Christian Caimi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Ilaria Biasato
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Sara Bellezza Oddon
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Laura Gasco
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Genciana Terova
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Federico Moroni
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Micaela Antonini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Daniela Pagnozzi
- Porto Conte Ricerche S.r.l, Alghero (SS), Italy
- *Correspondence: Roberto Anedda, ; Daniela Pagnozzi,
| | - Roberto Anedda
- Porto Conte Ricerche S.r.l, Alghero (SS), Italy
- *Correspondence: Roberto Anedda, ; Daniela Pagnozzi,
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How potentially sustainable solutions may be unsustainable in practice: carrot pomaces in common carp nutrition. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of carrot pomaces dried at two temperatures as a feed component on growth performance, environmental sustainability, and meat quality in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Three diets were developed: a control without pomace (CON); CPL with 15.5% carrot pomace dried at 40°C and CPH with 23.6% carrot pomace dried at 120°C. A total of 240 two-year-old common carp (average body weight of individual: 1025 g) were randomly distributed into 12 tanks, four per treatment, including 20 fish per tank. The experiment was performed using an outdoor open flow aquaculture system. The growth trial lasted 60 days, after which fish samples were taken for analysis of meat quality parameters. There were no significant differences between groups in terms of the final body weight, protein efficiency ratio, or survival rate. However, in terms of weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio, fish fed the CPH diet exhibited significant worsening. Moreover, the fillets of fish from the CPH group exhibited a darker coloration compared to the CON diet. It is concluded that high temperature drying of carrot pomace added to carp diet negatively affected fish quality. It should be also emphasized that inclusion of the both carrot pomaces tested in this study significantly increased the usage of fish meal per kilogram of fish body weight gain. These results showed a reduced efficacy of using carrot pomace in practical and sustainable common carp nutrition.
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Steenson S, Creedon A. Plenty more fish in the sea? – is there a place for seafood within a healthier and more sustainable diet? NUTR BULL 2022; 47:261-273. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Tigchelaar M, Leape J, Micheli F, Allison EH, Basurto X, Bennett A, Bush SR, Cao L, Cheung WW, Crona B, DeClerck F, Fanzo J, Gelcich S, Gephart JA, Golden CD, Halpern BS, Hicks CC, Jonell M, Kishore A, Koehn JZ, Little DC, Naylor RL, Phillips MJ, Selig ER, Short RE, Sumaila UR, Thilsted SH, Troell M, Wabnitz CC. The vital roles of blue foods in the global food system. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2022.100637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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The effects of coriander ( Coriandrum sativum) seeds on the growth performance, growth hormone, antibacterial capacity, and immune response of European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax). ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Coriander seeds are among the functional herbal supplements, but their effects on aquatic animals are still lacking. Herein we evaluated the effects of coriander seeds on the growth performance, growth hormone, antibacterial capacity, and immune response of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Fish with initial mean weights of 5.08 ± 0.12 g/fish were allocated in four groups (in triplicate) and fed dietary coriander at 0, 5, 10, and 20 g/kg for 150 days. The growth performance, feed utilization, and survival rate of fish-fed dietary coriander meaningfully increased (P<0.05). The protein efficiency ratio gradually increased (P<0.05) in fish-fed coriander seeds compared with the control. On the other hand, the feed conversion ratio was gradually decreased (P<0.05) in fish-fed coriander seeds comparing with the control. The survival rate was markedly increased (P<0.05) in European sea bass-fed dietary coriander regardless of the inclusion level. Further, no differences were seen among fish fed varying levels of coriander (P<0.05). The level of blood growth hormone was markedly higher (P<0.05) in European sea bass-fed dietary coriander at 20 g/kg than fish-fed 0 and 5 g/kg. The abundance of intestinal Vibrio spp. and Faecal Coliform were obviously lower (P<0.05) in fish fed 10 and 20 g/kg than fish fed the coriander-free diet. Further, fish fed 20 g/kg had lower (P<0.05) Vibrio spp. and Faecal Coliform counts than fish fed 10 g/kg. Fish fed dietary coriander had significantly higher (P<0.05) hematocrit, hemoglobulin, red blood cells (RBCs), and white blood cells (WBCs) than fish fed the control. The lysozyme and phagocytic activities were meaningfully increased (P<0.05) in fish fed 10 and 20 g/kg compared with fish fed 0 and 5 g/kg of dietary coriander. In conclusion, dietary coriander could be included in the diets at 10–20 g/kg to improve the growth performance, growth hormone, feed utilization, and immune response of European sea bass.
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Free CM, Cabral RB, Froehlich HE, Battista W, Ojea E, O'Reilly E, Palardy JE, García Molinos J, Siegel KJ, Arnason R, Juinio-Meñez MA, Fabricius K, Turley C, Gaines SD. Expanding ocean food production under climate change. Nature 2022; 605:490-496. [PMID: 35477762 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04674-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
As the human population and demand for food grow1, the ocean will be called on to provide increasing amounts of seafood. Although fisheries reforms and advances in offshore aquaculture (hereafter 'mariculture') could increase production2, the true future of seafood depends on human responses to climate change3. Here we investigated whether coordinated reforms in fisheries and mariculture could increase seafood production per capita under climate change. We find that climate-adaptive fisheries reforms will be necessary but insufficient to maintain global seafood production per capita, even with aggressive reductions in greenhouse-gas emissions. However, the potential for sustainable mariculture to increase seafood per capita is vast and could increase seafood production per capita under all but the most severe emissions scenario. These increases are contingent on fisheries reforms, continued advances in feed technology and the establishment of effective mariculture governance and best practices. Furthermore, dramatically curbing emissions is essential for reducing inequities, increasing reform efficacy and mitigating risks unaccounted for in our analysis. Although climate change will challenge the ocean's ability to meet growing food demands, the ocean could produce more food than it does currently through swift and ambitious action to reduce emissions, reform capture fisheries and expand sustainable mariculture operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Free
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA. .,Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
| | - Reniel B Cabral
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.,Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Halley E Froehlich
- Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.,Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Willow Battista
- Oceans Program, Environmental Defense Fund, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elena Ojea
- Future Oceans Lab, CIM-Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Erin O'Reilly
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.,Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.,Environmental Markets Lab, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - Jorge García Molinos
- Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Station for Arctic Research, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katherine J Siegel
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ragnar Arnason
- Faculty of Economics, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Marie Antonette Juinio-Meñez
- The Marine Science Institute, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | | | | | - Steven D Gaines
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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Shukry M, Albogami S, Gewaily M, Amer AA, Soliman AA, Alsaiad SM, El-Shehawi AM, Dawood MAO. Growth Performance, Antioxidative Capacity, and Intestinal Histomorphology of Grey Mullet (Liza ramada)-Fed Dietary Zinc Nanoparticles. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2406-2415. [PMID: 34308499 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02844-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is one of the essential microelements involved in vital physiological and biological functions in the fish body. The study evaluated the growth performance, antioxidative capacity, and intestinal histomorphology of Grey Mullet (Liza ramada)-fed dietary zinc nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) at 0, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg for the first time. The final weight and specific growth rate (SGR) of Grey Mullet-fed dietary ZnO-NPs at 20 and 40 mg/kg were meaningfully enhanced (p < 0.05). Further, the weight gain (WG) was significantly higher in fish treated with ZnO-NPs than the control, and fish fed 20-40 mg/kg had the highest WG (p < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was meaningfully reduced in fish fed 20-40 mg ZnO-NPs/kg (p < 0.05). The histomorphology of the intestines revealed a significant improvement in villus height, villus width, and goblet cells by ZnO-NPs. The lysozyme activity, phagocytic activity, and phagocytic index showed higher levels in Grey Mullet-fed dietary ZnO-NPs at 20 mg/kg than fish fed 0, 10, and 40 mg/kg (p < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were markedly improved in Grey Mullet treated with ZnO-NPs compared with the control, and the group of fish treated with 20 mg/kg had the highest SOD and CAT (p < 0.05). Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was significantly higher in fish fed 20-40 mg/kg ZnO-NPs than fish fed 0-10 mg/kg and fish fed 40 mg ZnO-NPs/kg showing the highest GPx value (p < 0.05). The concentration of malondialdehyde was markedly lowered in Grey Mullet fed ZnO-NPs at varying levels (p < 0.05). Based on the overall results, the regression analysis suggests that ZnO-NPs can be included at 24.61-35.5 mg/kg for the best performances of Grey Mullet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Sarah Albogami
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Gewaily
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Asem A Amer
- Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Sakha Aquaculture Research Unit, Abbassa, Sharkia, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Ali A Soliman
- Fish Nutrition Laboratory, Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Saad M Alsaiad
- Department of Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11651, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El-Shehawi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
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Banskota AH, Jones A, Hui JPM, Stefanova R. Triacylglycerols and Other Lipids Profiling of Hemp By-Products. Molecules 2022; 27:2339. [PMID: 35408737 PMCID: PMC9000728 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemp seed by-products, namely hemp cake (hemp meal) and hemp hulls were studied for their lipid content and composition. Total lipid content of hemp cake and hemp hulls was 13.1% and 17.5%, respectively. Oil extraction yields using hexane, on the other hand, were much lower in hemp cake (7.4%) and hemp hulls (12.1%). Oil derived from both hemp seeds and by-products were primarily composed of neutral lipids (>97.1%), mainly triacylglycerols (TAGs), determined by SPE and confirmed by NMR study. Linoleic acid was the major fatty acid present in oils derived from hemp by-products, covering almost 55%, followed by α-linolenic acid, covering around 18% of the total fatty acids. For the first time, 47 intact TAGs were identified in the hemp oils using UPLC-HRMS. Among them, TAGs with fatty acid acyl chain 18:3/18:2/18:2 and 18:3/18:2/18:1 were the major ones, followed by TAGs with fatty acid acyl chain of 18:3/18:3/18:2, 18:2/18:2/16:0, 18:2/18:2/18:1, 18:3/18:2.18:0, 18:2/18:2/18:0, 18:2/18:1/18:1 and 18:3/18:2:16:0. Besides TAGs, low levels of terpenes, carotenoids and cannabidiolic acid were also detected in the oils. Moreover, the oils extracted from hemp by-products possessed a dose-dependent DPPH radical scavenging property and their potencies were in a similar range compared to other vegetable oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun H. Banskota
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada; (A.J.); (J.P.M.H.); (R.S.)
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Marwaha N, Beveridge MCM, Phillips MJ. Fad, Food, or Feed: Alternative Seafood and Its Contribution to Food Systems. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.750253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquatic foods, or “seafood”, are an integral part of the global food system that contribute significantly to many dimensions of human wellbeing, including livelihoods and food and nutrition security. Fish, molluscs, crustaceans, algae and other aquatic foods are of particular importance in low- and middle-income countries as a source of employment, income, and nutrition for many poor and vulnerable people, including women. Global concern over the ability of fisheries and aquaculture to sustainably meet future seafood demand is driving improvements in technology and management. It has also inspired the emergence of plant-based and cell-based seafood, collectively termed “alternative seafood”. Growing investment, consumer demand, and participation by major food companies in the alternative seafood sector necessitate an evaluation of potential opportunities and challenges alternative seafood poses to food systems. This paper explores key economic, social, and environmental implications associated with production, distribution, and consumption of alternative seafood and its interactions with fisheries and aquaculture over the next decade, with specific emphasis on low- and middle-income countries. Available data on current supply and projected growth suggest that alternative seafood may account for almost eight percent of global seafood supplies destined for human consumption in 2030. Assuming current production techniques and expected technological development, the sector has potential for reduced environmental impacts relative to the existing fisheries and aquaculture sectors. However, its potential to impact livelihoods, food and nutrition security, and the environment remains largely a matter of conjecture due to the lack of robust data. Mechanistically, it is believed that growth of alternative seafood supplies will lessen demand for “conventional” seafood and/or meat, a scenario with implications for livelihoods, food and nutrition security, and the environment. Such changes are contingent on technological development, human and institutional behavior, market forces, and ecological linkages and as such, remain speculative. Nevertheless, as a novel sector, new food, and potential alternative to conventional seafood and/or meat, society has an opportunity to shape the growth of alternative seafood and its contribution to national and global development goals. This paper identifies knowledge gaps that require further research to inform inclusive, equitable, and sustainable development and governance of the emerging alternative seafood sector.
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Tan K, Zhang H, Zheng H. Climate change and n-3 LC-PUFA availability. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 86:101161. [PMID: 35301036 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) are essential fatty acids for the growth, development and survival of virtually all organisms. There is increasing evidence that anthropogenic climate change has a direct and indirect impact on the availability of natural n-3 LC-PUFA. However, this information is fragmented and not well organized. Therefore, this article reviewed published data from laboratory experiments, field experiments and model simulations to reveal the impact of climate change on the global supply of natural n-3 LC-PUFA and how this will limit the availability of n-3 LC-PUFA in the future food web. In general, climate change can significantly reduce the availability of natural n-3 LC-PUFA in grazing food webs in the following ways: 1) decrease the total biomass of phytoplankton and shift the plankton community structure to a smaller size, which also reduce the biomass of animals in higher trophics; 2) reduce the n-3 LC-PUFA content and/or quality (n-3: n-6 ratio) of all marine organisms; 3) reduce the transfer efficiency of n-3 LC-PUFA in grazing food web. In addition, as an anthropogenic climate adaptation measure, this review also proposed some alternative sources of n-3 LC-PUFA and determined the direction of future research. The information in this article is very useful for providing a critical analysis of the impact of climate change on the supply of natural n-3 LC-PUFA. Such information will aid to establish climate adaptation or management measures, and determine the direction of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsoon Tan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Marine Sciences Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Mariculture Research Center for Subtropical Shellfish & Algae of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Hongkuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Marine Sciences Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Mariculture Research Center for Subtropical Shellfish & Algae of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Huaiping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangdong Province, Marine Sciences Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Mariculture Research Center for Subtropical Shellfish & Algae of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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Cardona E, Segret E, Cachelou Y, Vanderesse T, Larroquet L, Hermann A, Surget A, Corraze G, Cachelou F, Bobe J, Skiba-Cassy S. Effect of micro-algae Schizochytrium sp. supplementation in plant diet on reproduction of female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): maternal programming impact of progeny. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:33. [PMID: 35264245 PMCID: PMC8908652 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00680-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The broodstock diet, and in particular the lipid and fatty acid composition of the diet, is known to play a key role in reproductive efficiency and survival of the progeny in fish. A major problem when replacing both fish meal and fish oil by plant sources is the lack of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). To address this problem, we studied the effect of the plant-based diet supplemented with Schizochytrium sp. microalgae, source of DHA, compared to a conventional commercial diet rich in fish meal and fish oil on reproductive performance and egg quality and the consequences on progeny, in female rainbow trout broodstock. Results The results demonstrated that DHA-rich microalgae supplementation in a plant-based diet allowed for the maintenance of reproductive performance and egg quality comparable to a conventional commercial feed rich in fish meal and fish oil and led to an increased significant fry survival after resorption. Moreover, when females were fed a plant-based diet supplemented with micro-algae, the 4-month-old progenies showed a significant higher growth when they were challenged with a similar diet as broodstock during 1 month. We provide evidence for metabolic programming in which the maternal dietary induced significant protracted effects on lipid metabolism of progeny. Conclusions The present study demonstrates that supplementation of a plant-based diet with DHA-rich microalgae can be an effective alternative to fish meal and fish oil in rainbow trout broodstock aquafeed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-022-00680-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Cardona
- INRAE, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, NuMéA, F-64310, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France. .,INRAE, UR1037 Fish Physiology and Genomic laboratory, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Emilien Segret
- INRAE, UR1037 Fish Physiology and Genomic laboratory, F-35000, Rennes, France.,Viviers de Sarrance, F-64490, Sarrance, France
| | | | | | - Laurence Larroquet
- INRAE, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, NuMéA, F-64310, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Alexandre Hermann
- INRAE, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, NuMéA, F-64310, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Anne Surget
- INRAE, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, NuMéA, F-64310, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Geneviève Corraze
- INRAE, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, NuMéA, F-64310, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | | | - Julien Bobe
- INRAE, UR1037 Fish Physiology and Genomic laboratory, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Sandrine Skiba-Cassy
- INRAE, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, NuMéA, F-64310, Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
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Thépot V, Slinger J, Rimmer MA, Paul NA, Campbell AH. Is the Intestinal Bacterial Community in the Australian Rabbitfish Siganus fuscescens Influenced by Seaweed Supplementation or Geography? Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030497. [PMID: 35336073 PMCID: PMC8954549 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that dietary supplementation with seaweed leads to dramatic improvements in immune responses in S. fuscescens, a candidate species for aquaculture development in Asia. Here, to assess whether the immunostimulatory effect was facilitated by changes to the gut microbiome, we investigated the effects of those same seaweed species and four commercial feed supplements currently used in aquaculture on the bacterial communities in the hindgut of the fish. Since we found no correlations between the relative abundance of any particular taxa and the fish enhanced innate immune responses, we hypothesised that S. fuscescens might have a core microbiome that is robust to dietary manipulation. Two recently published studies describing the bacteria within the hindgut of S. fuscescens provided an opportunity to test this hypothesis and to compare our samples to those from geographically distinct populations. We found that, although hindgut bacterial communities were clearly and significantly distinguishable between studies and populations, a substantial proportion (55 of 174 taxa) were consistently detected across all populations. Our data suggest that the importance of gut microbiota to animal health and the extent to which they can be influenced by dietary manipulations might be species-specific or related to an animals’ trophic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Thépot
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia; (M.A.R.); (N.A.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Joel Slinger
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Bribie Island Research Centre, Woorim, QLD 4507, Australia;
- Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
| | - Michael A. Rimmer
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia; (M.A.R.); (N.A.P.)
| | - Nicholas A. Paul
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia; (M.A.R.); (N.A.P.)
| | - Alexandra H. Campbell
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia;
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Leeper A, Ekmay R, Knobloch S, Skírnisdóttir S, Varunjikar M, Dubois M, Smárason BÖ, Árnason J, Koppe W, Benhaïm D. Torula yeast in the diet of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and the impact on growth performance and gut microbiome. Sci Rep 2022; 12:567. [PMID: 35022439 PMCID: PMC8755733 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04413-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Atlantic salmon aquaculture is expanding, and with it, the need to find suitable replacements for conventional protein sources used in formulated feeds. Torula yeast (Cyberlindnera jadinii), has been identified as a promising alternative protein for feed and can be sustainably cultivated on lignocellulosic biomasses. The present study investigated the impact of torula yeast on the growth performance and gut microbiome of freshwater Atlantic salmon. A marine protein base diet and a mixed marine and plant protein base diet were tested, where conventional proteins were replaced with increasing inclusion levels of torula yeast, (0%, 10%, 20%). This study demonstrated that 20% torula yeast can replace fish meal without alteration to growth performance while leading to potential benefits for the gut microbiome by increasing the presence of bacteria positively associated with the host. However, when torula yeast replaced plant meal in a mixed protein diet, results suggested that 10% inclusion of yeast produced the best growth performance results but at the 20% inclusion level of yeast, potentially negative changes were observed in the gut microbial community, such as a decrease in lactic acid bacteria. This study supports the continued investigation of torula yeast for Atlantic salmon as a partial replacement for conventional proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Leeper
- Department of Animal and Aquaculture Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box, 1420, Ås, Norway. .,Department of Research and Innovation, Matís Ltd, 12, Vínlandsleid, 113, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | | | - Stephen Knobloch
- Department of Research and Innovation, Matís Ltd, 12, Vínlandsleid, 113, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Madhushri Varunjikar
- Department of Research and Innovation, Matís Ltd, 12, Vínlandsleid, 113, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Marianne Dubois
- Department of Research and Innovation, Matís Ltd, 12, Vínlandsleid, 113, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Birgir Örn Smárason
- Department of Research and Innovation, Matís Ltd, 12, Vínlandsleid, 113, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jón Árnason
- Department of Research and Innovation, Matís Ltd, 12, Vínlandsleid, 113, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Wolfgang Koppe
- Department of Research and Innovation, Matís Ltd, 12, Vínlandsleid, 113, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - David Benhaïm
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology, Hólar University, Haeyri 1, 551, Saudárkrókur, Iceland
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50
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Intensive production of the harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus californicus in a zero-effluent 'green water' bioreactor. Sci Rep 2022; 12:466. [PMID: 35013518 PMCID: PMC8748651 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04516-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture is looking for substitutes for fishmeal and fish oil to maintain its continued growth. Zooplankton is the most nutritious option, but its controlled mass production has not yet been achieved. In this context, we have developed a monoalgal 'green water' closed-loop bioreactor with the microalgae Tetraselmis chui that continuously produced the harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus californicus. During 145 days of operation, the 2.2 m3 bioreactor produced 3.9 kg (wet weight) of Tigriopus with (dry weight) 0.79 ± 0.29% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 0.82 ± 0.26% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 1.89 ± 0,60% 3S,3'S-astaxanthin and an essential amino acid index (EAAI) of 97% for juvenile Atlantic salmon. The reactor kept the pH stable over the operation time (pH 8.81 ± 0.40 in the algae phase and pH 8.22 ± 2.96 in the zooplankton phase), while constantly removed nitrate (322.6 mg L-1) and phosphate (20.4 mg L-1) from the water. As a result of the stable pH and nutrient removal, the bioreactor achieved zero effluent discharges. The upscaling of monoalgal, closed-loop 'green water' bioreactors could help standardize zooplankton mass production to supply the aquafeeds industry.
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