1
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Dallan B, Proietto D, De Laurentis M, Gallerani E, Martino M, Ghisellini S, Zurlo A, Volpato S, Govoni B, Borghesi M, Albanese V, Appay V, Bonnini S, Llewellyn-Lacey S, Pacifico S, Grumiro L, Brandolini M, Semprini S, Sambri V, Ladell K, Parry HM, Moss PAH, Price DA, Caputo A, Gavioli R, Nicoli F. Age differentially impacts adaptive immune responses induced by adenoviral versus mRNA vaccines against COVID-19. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:1121-1136. [PMID: 38918602 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00644-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Adenoviral and mRNA vaccines encoding the viral spike (S) protein have been deployed globally to contain severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Older individuals are particularly vulnerable to severe infection, probably reflecting age-related changes in the immune system, which can also compromise vaccine efficacy. It is nonetheless unclear to what extent different vaccine platforms are impacted by immunosenescence. Here, we evaluated S protein-specific immune responses elicited by vaccination with two doses of BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1-S and subsequently boosted with a single dose of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273, comparing age-stratified participants with no evidence of previous infection with SARS-CoV-2. We found that aging profoundly compromised S protein-specific IgG titers and further limited S protein-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immunity as a probable function of progressive erosion of the naive lymphocyte pool in individuals vaccinated initially with BNT162b2. Our results demonstrate that primary vaccination with ChAdOx1-S and subsequent boosting with BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 promotes sustained immunological memory in older adults and potentially confers optimal protection against coronavirus disease 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Dallan
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Davide Proietto
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina De Laurentis
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gallerani
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mara Martino
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sara Ghisellini
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital St. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Amedeo Zurlo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Geriatrics Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Volpato
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Geriatrics Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Benedetta Govoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Geriatrics Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michela Borghesi
- Department of Economics and Management, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valentina Albanese
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Victor Appay
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5164, INSERM ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpT, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stefano Bonnini
- Department of Economics and Management, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sian Llewellyn-Lacey
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Salvatore Pacifico
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Laura Grumiro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Brandolini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Semprini
- Unit of Microbiology, Greater Romagna Area Hub Laboratory, Cesena, Italy
| | - Vittorio Sambri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Unit of Microbiology, Greater Romagna Area Hub Laboratory, Cesena, Italy
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Helen M Parry
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul A H Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Antonella Caputo
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Riccardo Gavioli
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicoli
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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2
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Binayke A, Zaheer A, Vishwakarma S, Sharma P, Dandotiya J, Raghavan S, Gosain M, Singh S, Chattopadhyay S, Kaushal J, Madan U, Kshetrapal P, Batra G, Wadhwa N, Pandey AK, Bhatnagar S, Garg PK, Awasthi A. Understanding the landscape of the SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells post-omicron surge. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29877. [PMID: 39169721 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Emerging evidence shows increased humoral response post-omicron surge, but research on T cell responses is limited. This study investigated the durability, magnitude, and breadth of SARS-CoV-2-spike-specific T cell responses in 216 two-dose vaccinated individuals pre- and post-omicron surge. Post-surge samples showed enhanced T cell responses, indicating widespread asymptomatic exposure to omicron. Further analysis of 105 individuals with multiple exposures to SARS-CoV-2 through boosters or infections showed that post-omicron, two-dose vaccinated individuals had T cell responses comparable to those of COVID-19 convalescents or boosted individuals. Additionally, we report cross-reactive T cell responses against omicron sub-variants, including BA2.86, remained strong, with preserved frequencies of spike-specific stem-cell-like memory T cells. In silico prediction indicates that mutated epitopes of JN.1 and KP.2 retain over 95.6% of their HLA binding capability. Overall, our data suggests that T cell responses are sustained, enhanced, and cross-reactive against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants following symptomatic or asymptomatic omicron infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Binayke
- Immunology Core Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
- Centre for Immunobiology and Immunotherapy, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Aymaan Zaheer
- Immunology Core Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Siddhesh Vishwakarma
- Immunology Core Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Immunology Core Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Jyotsna Dandotiya
- Centre for Immunobiology and Immunotherapy, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | | | - Mudita Gosain
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Savita Singh
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | | | - Jyotsana Kaushal
- Immunology Core Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Upasna Madan
- Centre for Immunobiology and Immunotherapy, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | | | - Gaurav Batra
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Nitya Wadhwa
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | | | | | - Pramod Kumar Garg
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
- All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Awasthi
- Immunology Core Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
- Centre for Immunobiology and Immunotherapy, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
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3
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Ishihara Y, Naruse H, Fujigaki H, Murakami R, Ando T, Sakurai K, Uehara K, Shimomae K, Sakaguchi E, Hattori H, Sarai M, Ishii J, Fujii R, Ito H, Saito K, Izawa H. Humoral and Cellular Response Induced by Primary Series and Booster Doses of mRNA Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: A Longitudinal Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:786. [PMID: 39066424 PMCID: PMC11281625 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12070786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Preexisting cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a pivotal risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We investigated the longitudinal (over 1 year and 9 months) humoral and cellular responses to primary series and booster doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in patients with CVD. Twenty-six patients with CVD who received monovalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccines were enrolled in this study. Peripheral blood samples were serially drawn nine times from each patient. IgG against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The numbers of interferon-γ-releasing cells in response to SARS-CoV-2 peptides were measured using an enzyme-linked immunospot assay. The RBD-IgG titers increased 2 weeks after the primary series and booster vaccination and waned 6 months after vaccination. The S1-specific T cell responses in patients aged < 75 years were favorable before and after booster doses; however, the Omicron BA.1-specific T cell responses were poor. These results suggest that regular vaccination is useful to maintain long-term antibody levels and has implications for booster dose strategies in patients with CVD. Additional booster doses, including Omicron variant-adapted mRNA vaccines, may be recommended for patients with CVD, regardless of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Ishihara
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan;
| | - Hiroyuki Naruse
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (E.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Hidetsugu Fujigaki
- Department of Advanced Diagnostic System Development, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (H.F.); (K.S.)
| | - Reiko Murakami
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan;
| | - Tatsuya Ando
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (T.A.); (K.S.); (H.I.)
| | - Kouhei Sakurai
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (T.A.); (K.S.); (H.I.)
| | - Komei Uehara
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University Graduate of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.U.); (K.S.)
| | - Koki Shimomae
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University Graduate of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.U.); (K.S.)
| | - Eirin Sakaguchi
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (E.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Hidekazu Hattori
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (E.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Masayoshi Sarai
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (M.S.); (J.I.); (H.I.)
| | - Junnichi Ishii
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (M.S.); (J.I.); (H.I.)
| | - Ryosuke Fujii
- Department of Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan;
| | - Hiroyasu Ito
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (T.A.); (K.S.); (H.I.)
| | - Kuniaki Saito
- Department of Advanced Diagnostic System Development, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (H.F.); (K.S.)
| | - Hideo Izawa
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (M.S.); (J.I.); (H.I.)
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4
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Kanai T, Ito T, Saito T, Aoyagi J, Kurosaki M, Betsui H, Maru T, Ono M, Tajima T. Inter- and intra-individual differences regarding SARS-CoV-2 and influenza vaccination in pediatric kidney transplant recipients: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38809. [PMID: 38968522 PMCID: PMC11224833 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), viral infection can lead to antibody and/or T-cell mediated rejection, resulting in kidney transplant dysfunction. Therefore, it is critical to prevent infections. However, KTRs exhibit suboptimal responses to SARS-CoV-2 and/or influenza vaccines, partly due to immunosuppressant therapy. Inter- and intra-individual differences in the biological responses to vaccines may also affect patients' antibody production ability. This study included KTRs who received an messenger RNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (3 doses), and an inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine (1 or 2 doses). We measured the patients' total antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen, and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers against influenza A/H1N1, A/H3N2, B/Yamagata, and B/Victoria. Five patients were eligible for this study. Of these 5 KTRs, two produced anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody titers to a seroprotective level, and also produced HI titers against A/H1N1 to a seroprotective level. Another 2 KTRs did not produce seroprotective anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers, but produced seroprotective HI titers against A/H1N1. The remaining KTR produced a seroprotective anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titer, but did not produce a seroprotective HI titer against A/H1N1. The 2 KTRs who did not produce seroprotective anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers following vaccination, later developed COVID-19, and this infection increased their titers over the seroprotective level. This study demonstrated that inter- and intra-individual differences in biological responses to vaccines should be considered in pediatric KTRs, in addition to immunosuppressant effects. Personalized regimens, such as augmented or booster doses of vaccines, could potentially improve the vaccination efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kanai
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takane Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Jun Aoyagi
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Betsui
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tomomi Maru
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Marika Ono
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Tajima
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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5
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Chen ACY, Jaiswal S, Martinez D, Yerinde C, Ji K, Miranda V, Fung ME, Weiss SA, Zschummel M, Taguchi K, Garris CS, Mempel TR, Hacohen N, Sen DR. The aged tumor microenvironment limits T cell control of cancer. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:1033-1045. [PMID: 38745085 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01828-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The etiology and effect of age-related immune dysfunction in cancer is not completely understood. Here we show that limited priming of CD8+ T cells in the aged tumor microenvironment (TME) outweighs cell-intrinsic defects in limiting tumor control. Increased tumor growth in aging is associated with reduced CD8+ T cell infiltration and function. Transfer of T cells from young mice does not restore tumor control in aged mice owing to rapid induction of T cell dysfunction. Cell-extrinsic signals in the aged TME drive a tumor-infiltrating age-associated dysfunctional (TTAD) cell state that is functionally, transcriptionally and epigenetically distinct from canonical T cell exhaustion. Altered natural killer cell-dendritic cell-CD8+ T cell cross-talk in aged tumors impairs T cell priming by conventional type 1 dendritic cells and promotes TTAD cell formation. Aged mice are thereby unable to benefit from therapeutic tumor vaccination. Critically, myeloid-targeted therapy to reinvigorate conventional type 1 dendritic cells can improve tumor control and restore CD8+ T cell immunity in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex C Y Chen
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sneha Jaiswal
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniela Martinez
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cansu Yerinde
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keely Ji
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Velita Miranda
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megan E Fung
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah A Weiss
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Zschummel
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Taguchi
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher S Garris
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thorsten R Mempel
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Debattama R Sen
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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Powell AA, Dowell AC, Moss P, Ladhani SN. Current state of COVID-19 in children: 4 years on. J Infect 2024; 88:106134. [PMID: 38432584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Children have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite evidence of a very low risk of severe disease, children were subjected to extensive lockdown, restriction and mitigation measures, including school closures, to control the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 in most parts of the world. In this review we summarise the UK experience of COVID-19 in children four years into the largest and longest pandemic of this century. We address the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection, immunity, transmission, severity and outcomes in children. We also assess the implementation, uptake, effectiveness and impact of COVID-19 vaccination, as well as the emergence, evolution and near disappearance of PIMS-TS (paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2) and current understanding of long COVID in children. This review consolidates current knowledge on childhood COVID-19 and emphasises the importance of continued research and the need for research-driven public health actions and policy decisions, especially in the context of new variants and future vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel A Powell
- Public Health Programmes, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK.
| | - Alexander C Dowell
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul Moss
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Shamez N Ladhani
- Public Health Programmes, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK; Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, St. George's University of London, London, UK
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7
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Hasani-Sadrabadi MM, Majedi FS, Zarubova J, Thauland TJ, Arumugaswami V, Hsiai TK, Bouchard LS, Butte MJ, Li S. Harnessing Biomaterials to Amplify Immunity in Aged Mice through T Memory Stem Cells. ACS NANO 2024; 18:6908-6926. [PMID: 38381620 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The durability of a protective immune response generated by a vaccine depends on its ability to induce long-term T cell immunity, which tends to decline in aging populations. The longest protection appears to arise from T memory stem cells (TMSCs) that confer high expandability and effector functions when challenged. Here we engineered artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPC) with optimized size, stiffness and activation signals to induce human and mouse CD8+ TMSCs in vitro. This platform was optimized as a vaccine booster of TMSCs (Vax-T) with prolonged release of small-molecule blockade of the glycogen synthase kinase-3β together with target antigens. By using SARS-CoV-2 antigen as a model, we show that a single injection of Vax-T induces durable antigen-specific CD8+ TMSCs in young and aged mice, and generates humoral responses at a level stronger than or similar to soluble vaccines. This Vax-T approach can boost long-term immunity to fight infectious diseases, cancer, and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh S Majedi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
| | - Jana Zarubova
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
| | - Timothy J Thauland
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
| | - Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
| | - Tzung K Hsiai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
| | - Louis-S Bouchard
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
- The Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
| | - Manish J Butte
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
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8
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Chen H, Chen S, Liu L, Fang Y, Liang X, Liang D, Su L, Peng W, Zhou X, Luo J, Wang Z. Inactivated COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection among Chinese adults in the "living with COVID" era. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25803. [PMID: 38379961 PMCID: PMC10877243 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to examine the correlation between the status of inactivated COVID-19 vaccination and self-reported confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection among adults after China entered the "living with COVID" era. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among parents or guardians of students attending all 220 kindergartens and 105 primary or secondary schools in Longhua District of Shenzhen, China during March 1 to 9, 2023. The participating schools invited all parents or guardians of their students to complete the online survey. The study focused on a sub-sample of 68,584 participants who were either unvaccinated (n = 2152) or only receiving inactivated COVID-19 vaccination (n = 66,432). Logistic regression was employed for data analysis. Prior to the implementation of the "living with COVID" policy, 83.5% of the participants received three doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines; 63.0% reported being infected with the SARS-CoV-2 after the policy change. In a multivariate analysis, participants who had received a third dose within the past 6 months were less likely to be infected with SARS-CoV-2, as compared to those who had not completed the primary vaccination series (4-6 months: AOR: 0.84, 95%CI: 0.77, 0.92; ≤3 months: AOR: 0.82, 95%CI: 0.73, 0.92). Despite the high coverage, our results suggested that three doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines did not provide adequate protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection among Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbiao Chen
- Department Epidemiology and Infectious Disease Control, Longhua District Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518110, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Disease Control, Longgang District Nanwan Centre for Public Health, Shenzhen, 518100, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xue Liang
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dongmei Liang
- Department of Environmental and School Health Supervision, Baoan District Centre for Public Health, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Lixian Su
- Department of Child Healthcare, Shenzhen Futian District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, 518045, China
| | - Weijun Peng
- Department Epidemiology and Infectious Disease Control, Longhua District Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518110, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Department Epidemiology and Infectious Disease Control, Longhua District Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518110, China
| | - Jingwei Luo
- Department Epidemiology and Infectious Disease Control, Longhua District Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518110, China
| | - Zixin Wang
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong, China
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9
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Thomas S, Pak J, Doss-Gollin S, Ryff K, Beijnen E, Pedersen GK, Christensen D, Levy O, van Haren SD. Human In vitro Modeling Identifies Adjuvant Combinations that Unlock Antigen Cross-presentation and Promote T-helper 1 Development in Newborns, Adults and Elders. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168446. [PMID: 38242283 PMCID: PMC10922990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Adjuvants are vaccine components that can boost the type, magnitude, breadth, and durability of an immune response. We have previously demonstrated that certain adjuvant combinations can act synergistically to enhance and shape immunogenicity including promotion of Th1 and cytotoxic T-cell development. These combinations also promoted protective immunity in vulnerable populations such as newborns. In this study, we employed combined antigen-specific human in vitro models to identify adjuvant combinations that could synergistically promote the expansion of vaccine-specific CD4+ cells, induce cross-presentation on MHC class I, resulting in antigen-specific activation of CD8+ cells, and direct the balance of immune response to favor the production of Th1-promoting cytokines. A screen of 78 adjuvant combinations identified several T cell-potentiating adjuvant combinations. Remarkably, a combination of TLR9 and STING agonists (CpG + 2,3-cGAMP) promoted influenza-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation and selectively favored production of Th1-polarizing cytokines TNF and IL-12p70 over co-regulated cytokines IL-6 and IL-12p40, respectively. Phenotypic reprogramming towards cDC1-type dendritic cells by CpG + 2,3-cGAMP was also observed. Finally, we characterized the molecular mechanism of this adjuvant combination including the ability of 2,3-cGAMP to enhance DC expression of TLR9 and the dependency of antigen-presenting cell activation on the Sec22b protein important to endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi vesicle trafficking. The identification of the adjuvant combination CpG + 2,3-cGAMP may therefore prove key to the future development of vaccines against respiratory viral infections tailored for the functionally distinct immune systems of vulnerable populations such as older adults and newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanya Thomas
- Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jensen Pak
- Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon Doss-Gollin
- Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Ryff
- Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elisabeth Beijnen
- Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabriel K Pedersen
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Simon D van Haren
- Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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10
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Kameda T, Utsunomiya A, Otsuka N, Kubuki Y, Uchida T, Shide K, Kamiunten A, Nakano N, Tokunaga M, Miyazono T, Ito Y, Yonekura K, Kawakita T, Akizuki K, Tahira Y, Karasawa M, Hidaka T, Konagata A, Taniguchi N, Nagatomo Y, Kogo F, Shimizu K, Ueno H, Ishizaki J, Takahashi N, Ikei Y, Hidaka M, Yamaguchi H, Shimoda K. Impaired humoral immunity following COVID-19 vaccination in HTLV-1 carriers. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:96. [PMID: 38233756 PMCID: PMC10792913 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) carriers can develop sufficient humoral immunity after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination is unknown. METHODS To investigate humoral immunity after COVID-19 vaccination in HTLV-1 carriers, a multicenter, prospective observational cohort study was conducted at five institutions in southwestern Japan, an endemic area for HTLV-1. HTLV-1 carriers and HTLV-1-negative controls were enrolled for this study from January to December 2022. During this period, the third dose of the COVID-19 vaccine was actively administered. HTLV-1 carriers were enrolled during outpatient visits, while HTLV-1-negative controls included health care workers and patients treated by participating institutions for diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia. The main outcome was the effect of HTLV-1 infection on the plasma anti-COVID-19 spike IgG (IgG-S) titers after the third dose, assessed by multivariate linear regression with other clinical factors. RESULTS We analyzed 181 cases (90 HTLV-1 carriers, 91 HTLV-1-negative controls) after receiving the third dose. HTLV-1 carriers were older (median age 67.0 vs. 45.0 years, p < 0.001) and more frequently had diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia than did HTLV-1-negative controls (60.0% vs. 27.5%, p < 0.001). After the third dose, the IgG-S titers decreased over time in both carriers and controls. Multivariate linear regression in the entire cohort showed that time since the third dose, age, and HTLV-1 infection negatively influenced IgG-S titers. After adjusting for confounders such as age, or presence of diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia between carriers and controls using the overlap weighting propensity score method, and performing weighted regression analysis in the entire cohort, both time since the third dose and HTLV-1 infection negatively influenced IgG-S titers. CONCLUSIONS The humoral immunity after the third vaccination dose is impaired in HTLV-1 carriers; thus, customized vaccination schedules may be necessary for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Kameda
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Atae Utsunomiya
- Department of Hematology, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | - Yoko Kubuki
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Taisuke Uchida
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Kotaro Shide
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Ayako Kamiunten
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Nakano
- Department of Hematology, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masahito Tokunaga
- Department of Hematology, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | - Yoshikiyo Ito
- Department of Hematology, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yonekura
- Department of Dermatology, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Toshiro Kawakita
- National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Medical Center, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Keiichi Akizuki
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Yuki Tahira
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Karasawa
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Tomonori Hidaka
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Ayaka Konagata
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Norifumi Taniguchi
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Yuma Nagatomo
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Fumiko Kogo
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Koichiro Shimizu
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ueno
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Junzo Ishizaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Aisenkai Nichinan Hospital, Nichinan, Japan
| | | | | | - Michihiro Hidaka
- National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Medical Center, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Yamaguchi
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shimoda
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan.
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11
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Assantachai P, Niyomnaitham S, Toh ZQ, Thammasalee M, Pengsorn N, Monklang W, Licciardi PV, Chokephaibulkit K. Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of repeated intradermal mRNA COVID-19 vaccines administered as a second booster dose in a Thai geriatric population. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1302041. [PMID: 38274835 PMCID: PMC10810025 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1302041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Geriatric populations are at an increased risk of severe presentations, hospitalization, and loss of life from COVID-19. Few studies have explored vaccination regimens in adults >65 years old. Repeated booster vaccination is required for high-risk populations as COVID-19 vaccine efficacy is short-lived. We compared the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of second intradermal (ID) COVID-19 booster vaccination with second intramuscular (IM) vaccination in older adults. Methods This single-center, open-labeled, prospective, cohort study conducted at Siriraj Hospital enrolled older adults ≥65 years old who previously received a first booster (third dose) mRNA vaccine (mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2) via ID or IM administration. Participants were allocated to receive a second booster of the same vaccine type and route as their first booster 16-17 weeks thereafter. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain IgG and neutralizing antibody titers against Wuhan and Omicron subvariants (BA.1, BA.2, and BA.4/5) were measured 2 weeks after vaccination. Results Of 91 enrolled participants, 72.5% were women, with a median age of 75 years. Forty-nine participants (53.8%) received a second ID booster, and 42 (46.2%) received a second IM booster. Two weeks after the second booster, all groups generated anamnestic IgG antibody responses that were 5.41- to 10.00-fold higher than at baseline. Overall, higher antibody GMTs against Wuhan and Omicron subvariants were observed in IM compared with ID regimens. ID mRNA-1273 induced similar GMTs to IM BNT162b2 2 weeks after the second booster against Wuhan (486.77 [321.48, 737.05] vs. 472.63 [291.24, 767.01], respectively; p = 0.072). Higher GMTs against Omicron BA.1 (GMR [95% CI], 1.71 [1.39, 2.11]; p = 0.023), BA.2 (1.34 [1.11, 1.62]; p = 0.845), and BA.4/5 (1.10 [0.92, 1.33]; p = 0.531) were seen in all groups at 2 weeks after the second booster compared with 2-4 weeks after the first booster. Both local and systemic AEs were less frequent after the second than after the first booster, regardless of administrative route and vaccine type. Local AEs were significantly more frequent in ID mRNA-1273 arms than their respective BNT162b2 arms 2 weeks after the second booster (ID-mRNA-1273 vs. ID-BNT162b2: p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion Repeated fractional ID vaccination may be an alternative booster vaccination strategy for geriatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasert Assantachai
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suvimol Niyomnaitham
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Institute of Clinical Research (SICRES), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Zheng Quan Toh
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Monthira Thammasalee
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Napaporn Pengsorn
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wiyachatr Monklang
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paul V. Licciardi
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit
- Siriraj Institute of Clinical Research (SICRES), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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12
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Yorsaeng R, Atsawawaranunt K, Riad A. Editorial: COVID-19 booster vaccination: increasing immunity against life-threatening infection. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1342118. [PMID: 38264241 PMCID: PMC10804992 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1342118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ritthideach Yorsaeng
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kamolthip Atsawawaranunt
- Institute for Urban Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Abanoub Riad
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic (IHIS-CR), Prague, Czechia
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Center of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
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13
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Uraki R, Imai M, Ito M, Yamayoshi S, Kiso M, Jounai N, Miyaji K, Iwatsuki-Horimoto K, Takeshita F, Kawaoka Y. An mRNA vaccine encoding the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain protects mice from various Omicron variants. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:4. [PMID: 38167505 PMCID: PMC10761957 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00800-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we assessed the efficacy of a lipid nanoparticle-based mRNA vaccine candidate encoding the receptor-binding domain (LNP-mRNA-RBD) in mice. Mice immunized with LNP-mRNA-RBD based on the ancestral strain (ancestral-type LNP-mRNA-RBD) showed similar cellular responses against the ancestral strain and BA.5, but their neutralizing activity against BA.5 was lower than that against the ancestral strain. The ancestral-type LNP-mRNA-RBD protected mice from the ancestral strain or BA.5 challenge; however, its ability to reduce the viral burdens after BA.5 challenge was limited. In contrast, immunization with bivalent LNP-mRNA-RBD consisting of the ancestral-type and BA.4/5-type LNP-mRNA-RBD or monovalent BA.4/5-type LNP-mRNA-RBD elicited robust cellular responses, as well as high and moderate neutralizing titers against BA.5 and XBB.1.5, respectively. Furthermore, the vaccines containing BA.4/5-type LNP-mRNA-RBD remarkably reduced the viral burdens following BA.5 or XBB.1.5 challenge. Overall, our findings suggest that LNP-mRNA-RBD is effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Uraki
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
- The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Masaki Imai
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
- The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Ito
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Seiya Yamayoshi
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
- The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Maki Kiso
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Nao Jounai
- Biologics Division, Vaccine Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, 134-0081, Japan
| | - Kazuki Miyaji
- Biologics Division, Vaccine Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, 134-0081, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Iwatsuki-Horimoto
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Takeshita
- Biologics Division, Vaccine Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, 134-0081, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
- The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-, Madison, WI, 53711, USA.
- The University of Tokyo, Pandemic Preparedness, Infection and Advanced Research Center, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.
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14
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Nishioka H, Shirota S. Adult-Onset Still's Disease After an mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in an Older Woman. Cureus 2024; 16:e51540. [PMID: 38313974 PMCID: PMC10834208 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is an uncommon autoinflammatory disorder without a clear etiology that primarily affects young adults. New-onset disease at > 80 years of age is uncommon. We present the case of an 82-year-old woman with AOSD which developed after receiving a messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. COVID-19 vaccines are known to cause overproduction of cytokines, systemic inflammation, and some immune-mediated adverse events, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, vasculitis, and polymyalgia rheumatica after the vaccination has been reported. A handful of cases of AOSD after the vaccination have also been reported and the median age was 40s. However, AOSD related to COVID-19 vaccination can develop even in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Nishioka
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Hyogo, JPN
| | - Shogo Shirota
- Department of General internal Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Hyogo, JPN
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15
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Datwani S, Kalikawe R, Mwimanzi F, Speckmaier S, Liang R, Sang Y, Waterworth R, Yaseen F, Lapointe HR, Barad E, DeMarco ML, Holmes DT, Simons J, Montaner JS, Romney MG, Brumme ZL, Brockman MA. Dynamics of T-cell Responses Following COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination and Breakthrough Infection in Older Adults. Pathog Immun 2023; 8:117-135. [PMID: 38035132 PMCID: PMC10686373 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v8i1.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction While older adults generally mount weaker antibody responses to a primary COVID-19 vaccine series, T-cell responses remain less well characterized in this population. We compared SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific T-cell responses after 2- and 3-dose COVID-19 mRNA vaccination and subsequent breakthrough infection in older and younger adults. Methods We quantified CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells reactive to overlapping peptides spanning the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in 40 older adults (median age 79) and 50 younger health care workers (median age 39), all COVID-19 naive, using an activation-induced marker assay. T-cell responses were further assessed in 24 participants, including 8 older adults, who subsequently experienced their first SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection. Results A third COVID-19 mRNA vaccine dose significantly boosted spike-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell frequencies to above 2-dose levels in older and younger adults. T-cell frequencies did not significantly differ between older and younger adults after either dose. Multivariable analyses adjusting for sociodemographic, health, and vaccine-related variables confirmed that older age was not associated with impaired cellular responses. Instead, the strongest predictors of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell frequencies post-third-dose were their corresponding post-second-dose frequencies. Breakthrough infection significantly increased both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell frequencies, to comparable levels in older and younger adults. Exploratory analyses revealed an association between HLA-A*02:03 and higher post-vaccination CD8+ T-cell frequencies, which may be attributable to numerous strong-binding HLA-A*02:03-specific CD8+ T-cell epitopes in the spike protein. Conclusion Older adults mount robust T-cell responses to 2- and 3-dose COVID-19 mRNA vaccination, which are further boosted following breakthrough infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Datwani
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Rebecca Kalikawe
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Francis Mwimanzi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Sarah Speckmaier
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Richard Liang
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Yurou Sang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Rachel Waterworth
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Fatima Yaseen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Hope R. Lapointe
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Evan Barad
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mari L. DeMarco
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Daniel T. Holmes
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Janet Simons
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Julio S.G. Montaner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Marc G. Romney
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Zabrina L. Brumme
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mark A. Brockman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
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16
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Goronzy JJ, Weng NP. The immunology and cell biology of T cell aging. Semin Immunol 2023; 70:101843. [PMID: 37776667 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg J Goronzy
- Departments of Immunology and Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Nan-Ping Weng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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17
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Okuyama H, Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Generation and durability of immune memory in older adults. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:601-603. [PMID: 37119870 PMCID: PMC10663087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cornelia M Weyand
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Jörg J Goronzy
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn.
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18
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Kanis FM, Meier JP, Guldan H, Niller HH, Dahm M, Dansard A, Zander T, Struck F, Soutschek E, Deml L, Möbus S, Barabas S. Performance of T-Track ® SARS-CoV-2, an Innovative Dual Marker RT-qPCR-Based Whole-Blood Assay for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2-Reactive T Cells. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2722. [PMID: 37685260 PMCID: PMC10486492 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13172722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) plays a central role in the control of the virus. In this study, we evaluated the performance of T-Track® SARS-CoV-2, a novel CE-marked quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay, which relies on the combined evaluation of IFNG and CXCL10 mRNA levels in response to the S1 and NP SARS-CoV-2 antigens, in 335 participants with or without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, respectively. Of the 62 convalescent donors, 100% responded to S1 and 88.7% to NP antigens. In comparison, of the 68 naïve donors, 4.4% were reactive to S1 and 19.1% to NP. Convalescent donors <50 and ≥50 years of age demonstrated a 100% S1 reactivity and an 89.1% and 87.5% NP reactivity, respectively. T-cell responses by T-Track® SARS-CoV-2 and IgG serology by recomLine SARS-CoV-2 IgG according to the time from the last immunisation (by vaccination or viral infection) were comparable. Both assays showed a persistent cellular and humoral response for at least 36 weeks post immunisation in vaccinated and convalescent donors. Our results demonstrate the very good performance of the T-Track® SARS-CoV-2 molecular assay and suggest that it might be suitable to monitor the SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell response in COVID-19 vaccinations trials and cross-reactivity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hans-Helmut Niller
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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19
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Tani Y, Takita M, Wakui M, Saito H, Nishiuchi T, Zhao T, Yamamoto C, Kawamura T, Sugiyama A, Nakayama A, Kaneko Y, Kodama T, Shinaha R, Tsubokura M. Five doses of the mRNA vaccination potentially suppress ancestral-strain stimulated SARS-CoV2-specific cellular immunity: a cohort study from the Fukushima vaccination community survey, Japan. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1240425. [PMID: 37662950 PMCID: PMC10469480 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1240425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The bivalent mRNA vaccine is recommended to address coronavirus disease variants, with additional doses suggested for high-risk groups. However, the effectiveness, optimal frequency, and number of doses remain uncertain. In this study, we examined the long-term cellular and humoral immune responses following the fifth administration of the mRNA severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine in patients undergoing hemodialysis. To our knowledge, this is the first study to monitor long-term data on humoral and cellular immunity dynamics in high-risk populations after five doses of mRNA vaccination, including the bivalent mRNA vaccine. Whereas most patients maintained humoral immunity throughout the observation period, we observed reduced cellular immune reactivity as measured by the ancestral-strain-stimulated ELISpot assay in a subset of patients. Half of the individuals (50%; 14/28) maintained cellular immunity three months after the fifth dose, despite acquiring humoral immunity. The absence of a relationship between positive controls and T-Spot reactivity suggests that these immune alterations were specific to SARS-CoV-2. In multivariable analysis, participants aged ≥70 years showed a marginally significant lower likelihood of having reactive results. Notably, among the 14 individuals who received heterologous vaccines, 13 successfully acquired cellular immunity, supporting the effectiveness of this administration strategy. These findings provide valuable insights for future vaccination strategies in vulnerable populations. However, further research is needed to evaluate the involvement of immune tolerance and exhaustion through repeated vaccination to optimize immunization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Tani
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Morihito Takita
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Wakui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Saito
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soma Central Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | - Tianchen Zhao
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Chika Yamamoto
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawamura
- Proteomics Laboratory, Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Sugiyama
- Proteomics Laboratory, Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Nakayama
- Proteomics Laboratory, Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yudai Kaneko
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Medical and Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kodama
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuzaburo Shinaha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soma Central Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masaharu Tsubokura
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soma Central Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
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20
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Ma Q, Weng C, Yao C, Xu J, Tian B, Wu Y, Wang H, Yang Q, Dai H, Zhang Y, Xu F, Shi X, Wang C. Severe pneumonia induces immunosenescence of T cells in the lung of mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:7084-7097. [PMID: 37490715 PMCID: PMC10415552 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Severe pneumonia may induce sequelae and accelerated aging process even after the person has recovered. However, the underline mechanism is not very clear. More research is needed to fully understand the long-term effects of severe pneumonia. In this study, we found that mice recovered from severe pneumonia showed lung immunosenescence, which was characterized by a bias naive-memory balance of T lymphocytes in the lung. The reduction of naïve T cells is associated with the diminished immune response to cancer or external new antigens, which is one of the key changes that occurs with age. Our results also indicate the link between severe pneumonia and aging process, which is mediated by the disrupted T cells homeostasis in the lungs after pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingle Ma
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and Immunoengineering, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenhui Weng
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and Immunoengineering, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenlu Yao
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and Immunoengineering, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jialu Xu
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and Immunoengineering, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and Immunoengineering, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and Immunoengineering, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianyu Yang
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and Immunoengineering, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huaxing Dai
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and Immunoengineering, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and Immunoengineering, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and Immunoengineering, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolin Shi
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Laboratory for Biomaterial and Immunoengineering, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
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21
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Verheul MK, Nijhof KH, de Zeeuw-Brouwer ML, Duijm G, Ten Hulscher H, de Rond L, Beckers L, Eggink D, van Tol S, Reimerink J, Boer M, van Beek J, Rots N, van Binnendijk R, Buisman AM. Booster Immunization Improves Memory B Cell Responses in Older Adults Unresponsive to Primary SARS-CoV-2 Immunization. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1196. [PMID: 37515012 PMCID: PMC10384172 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of a specific long-term immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is considered important for protection against COVID-19 infection and disease. Memory B cells, responsible for the generation of antibody-producing plasmablasts upon a new antigen encounter, play an important role in this process. Therefore, the induction of memory B cell responses after primary and booster SARS-CoV-2 immunizations was investigated in the general population with an emphasis on older adults. Participants, 20-99 years of age, due to receive the mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine were included in the current study. Specific memory B cells were determined by ex vivo ELISpot assays. In a subset of participants, antibody levels, avidity, and virus neutralization capacity were compared to memory B cell responses. Memory B cells specific for both Spike S1 and receptor-binding domain (RBD) were detected in the majority of participants following the primary immunization series. However, a proportion of predominantly older adults showed low frequencies of specific memory B cells. Booster vaccination resulted in a large increase in the frequencies of S1- and RBD-specific memory B cells also for those in which low memory B cell frequencies were detected after the primary series. These data show that booster immunization is important for the generation of a memory B cell response, as a subset of older adults shows a suboptimal response to the primary SARS-CoV-2 immunization series. It is anticipated that these memory B cells will play a significant role in the immune response following viral re-exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marije K Verheul
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Kim H Nijhof
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mary-Lène de Zeeuw-Brouwer
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Geraly Duijm
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hinke Ten Hulscher
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lia de Rond
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Beckers
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Eggink
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Laboratory Surveillance, WHO COVID-19 Reference Laboratory, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie van Tol
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Laboratory Surveillance, WHO COVID-19 Reference Laboratory, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Reimerink
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Laboratory Surveillance, WHO COVID-19 Reference Laboratory, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mardi Boer
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Josine van Beek
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Nynke Rots
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rob van Binnendijk
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie Buisman
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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22
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Purcell RA, Theisen RM, Arnold KB, Chung AW, Selva KJ. Polyfunctional antibodies: a path towards precision vaccines for vulnerable populations. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1183727. [PMID: 37600816 PMCID: PMC10433199 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine efficacy determined within the controlled environment of a clinical trial is usually substantially greater than real-world vaccine effectiveness. Typically, this results from reduced protection of immunologically vulnerable populations, such as children, elderly individuals and people with chronic comorbidities. Consequently, these high-risk groups are frequently recommended tailored immunisation schedules to boost responses. In addition, diverse groups of healthy adults may also be variably protected by the same vaccine regimen. Current population-based vaccination strategies that consider basic clinical parameters offer a glimpse into what may be achievable if more nuanced aspects of the immune response are considered in vaccine design. To date, vaccine development has been largely empirical. However, next-generation approaches require more rational strategies. We foresee a generation of precision vaccines that consider the mechanistic basis of vaccine response variations associated with both immunogenetic and baseline health differences. Recent efforts have highlighted the importance of balanced and diverse extra-neutralising antibody functions for vaccine-induced protection. However, in immunologically vulnerable populations, significant modulation of polyfunctional antibody responses that mediate both neutralisation and effector functions has been observed. Here, we review the current understanding of key genetic and inflammatory modulators of antibody polyfunctionality that affect vaccination outcomes and consider how this knowledge may be harnessed to tailor vaccine design for improved public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A. Purcell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert M. Theisen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kelly B. Arnold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Amy W. Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin J. Selva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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23
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Brown B, Ojha V, Fricke I, Al-Sheboul SA, Imarogbe C, Gravier T, Green M, Peterson L, Koutsaroff IP, Demir A, Andrieu J, Leow CY, Leow CH. Innate and Adaptive Immunity during SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Biomolecular Cellular Markers and Mechanisms. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:408. [PMID: 36851285 PMCID: PMC9962967 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was caused by a positive sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, other human coronaviruses (hCoVs) exist. Historical pandemics include smallpox and influenza, with efficacious therapeutics utilized to reduce overall disease burden through effectively targeting a competent host immune system response. The immune system is composed of primary/secondary lymphoid structures with initially eight types of immune cell types, and many other subtypes, traversing cell membranes utilizing cell signaling cascades that contribute towards clearance of pathogenic proteins. Other proteins discussed include cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complexes (MHC), pleiotropic interleukins (IL), and chemokines (CXC). The historical concepts of host immunity are the innate and adaptive immune systems. The adaptive immune system is represented by T cells, B cells, and antibodies. The innate immune system is represented by macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and the complement system. Other viruses can affect and regulate cell cycle progression for example, in cancers that include human papillomavirus (HPV: cervical carcinoma), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV: lymphoma), Hepatitis B and C (HB/HC: hepatocellular carcinoma) and human T cell Leukemia Virus-1 (T cell leukemia). Bacterial infections also increase the risk of developing cancer (e.g., Helicobacter pylori). Viral and bacterial factors can cause both morbidity and mortality alongside being transmitted within clinical and community settings through affecting a host immune response. Therefore, it is appropriate to contextualize advances in single cell sequencing in conjunction with other laboratory techniques allowing insights into immune cell characterization. These developments offer improved clarity and understanding that overlap with autoimmune conditions that could be affected by innate B cells (B1+ or marginal zone cells) or adaptive T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and other pathologies. Thus, this review starts with an introduction into host respiratory infection before examining invaluable cellular messenger proteins and then individual immune cell markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ingo Fricke
- Independent Immunologist and Researcher, 311995 Lamspringe, Germany
| | - Suhaila A Al-Sheboul
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, International School of Medicine, Medipol University-Istanbul, Istanbul 34810, Turkey
| | | | - Tanya Gravier
- Independent Researcher, MPH, San Francisco, CA 94131, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ayça Demir
- Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar University, Istanbul 03030, Turkey
| | - Jonatane Andrieu
- Faculté de Médecine, Aix–Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Chiuan Yee Leow
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Chiuan Herng Leow
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Penang 11800, Malaysia
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