1
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Dyrdak R, Hodcroft EB, Broddesson S, Grabbe M, Franklin H, Gisslén M, Holm ME, Lindh M, Nederby-Öhd J, Ringlander J, Sundqvist M, Neher RA, Albert J. Early unrecognised SARS-CoV-2 introductions shaped the first pandemic wave, Sweden, 2020. Euro Surveill 2024; 29. [PMID: 39392000 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2024.29.41.2400021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BackgroundDespite the unprecedented measures implemented globally in early 2020 to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2, Sweden, as many other countries, experienced a severe first wave during the COVID-19 pandemic.AimWe investigated the introduction and spread of SARS-CoV-2 into Sweden.MethodsWe analysed stored respiratory specimens (n = 1,979), sampled 7 February-2 April 2020, by PCR for SARS-CoV-2 and sequenced PCR-positive specimens. Sequences generated from newly detected cases and stored positive specimens February-June 2020 (n = 954) were combined with sequences (Sweden: n = 730; other countries: n = 129,913) retrieved from other sources for Nextstrain clade assignment and phylogenetic analyses.ResultsTwelve previously unrecognised SARS-CoV-2 cases were identified: the earliest was sampled on 3 March, 1 week before recognised community transmission. We showed an early influx of clades 20A and 20B from Italy (201/328, 61% of cases exposed abroad) and clades 19A and 20C from Austria (61/328, 19%). Clade 20C dominated the first wave (20C: 908/1,684, 54%; 20B: 438/1,684, 26%; 20A: 263/1,684, 16%), and 800 of 1,684 (48%) Swedish sequences formed a country-specific 20C cluster defined by a spike mutation (G24368T). At the regional level, the proportion of clade 20C sequences correlated with an earlier weighted mean date of COVID-19 deaths.ConclusionCommunity transmission in Sweden started when mitigation efforts still focused on preventing influx. This created a transmission advantage for clade 20C, likely introduced from ongoing cryptic spread in Austria. Therefore, pandemic preparedness should have a comprehensive approach, including capacity for large-scale diagnostics to allow early detection of travel-related cases and community transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Dyrdak
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma B Hodcroft
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Broddesson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Grabbe
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hildur Franklin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Magnus Gisslén
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maricris E Holm
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Lindh
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joanna Nederby-Öhd
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Ringlander
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Sundqvist
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Richard A Neher
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jan Albert
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Khurana MP, Curran-Sebastian J, Scheidwasser N, Morgenstern C, Rasmussen M, Fonager J, Stegger M, Tang MHE, Juul JL, Escobar-Herrera LA, Møller FT, Albertsen M, Kraemer MUG, du Plessis L, Jokelainen P, Lehmann S, Krause TG, Ullum H, Duchêne DA, Mortensen LH, Bhatt S. High-resolution epidemiological landscape from ~290,000 SARS-CoV-2 genomes from Denmark. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7123. [PMID: 39164246 PMCID: PMC11335946 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51371-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Vast amounts of pathogen genomic, demographic and spatial data are transforming our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 emergence and spread. We examined the drivers of molecular evolution and spread of 291,791 SARS-CoV-2 genomes from Denmark in 2021. With a sequencing rate consistently exceeding 60%, and up to 80% of PCR-positive samples between March and November, the viral genome set is broadly whole-epidemic representative. We identify a consistent rise in viral diversity over time, with notable spikes upon the importation of novel variants (e.g., Delta and Omicron). By linking genomic data with rich individual-level demographic data from national registers, we find that individuals aged < 15 and > 75 years had a lower contribution to molecular change (i.e., branch lengths) compared to other age groups, but similar molecular evolutionary rates, suggesting a lower likelihood of introducing novel variants. Similarly, we find greater molecular change among vaccinated individuals, suggestive of immune evasion. We also observe evidence of transmission in rural areas to follow predictable diffusion processes. Conversely, urban areas are expectedly more complex due to their high mobility, emphasising the role of population structure in driving virus spread. Our analyses highlight the added value of integrating genomic data with detailed demographic and spatial information, particularly in the absence of structured infection surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Khurana
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jacob Curran-Sebastian
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Neil Scheidwasser
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Morgenstern
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Morten Rasmussen
- Virus Research and Development Laboratory, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jannik Fonager
- Virus Research and Development Laboratory, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marc Stegger
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Man-Hung Eric Tang
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas L Juul
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | - Mads Albertsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Louis du Plessis
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pikka Jokelainen
- Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sune Lehmann
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tyra G Krause
- Epidemiological Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - David A Duchêne
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laust H Mortensen
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Statistics Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Samir Bhatt
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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3
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Gallego-García P, Hong SL, Bollen N, Dellicour S, Baele G, Suchard MA, Lemey P, Posada D. Dispersal history of SARS-CoV-2 variants Alpha, Delta, and Omicron (BA.1) in Spain. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.07.01.24309632. [PMID: 39006420 PMCID: PMC11245079 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.01.24309632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Different factors influence the spread of SARS-CoV-2, from the inherent transmission capabilities of the different variants to the control measurements put in place. Here we studied the introduction of the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron-BA.1 variants of concern (VOCs) into Spain. For this, we collected genomic data from the GISAID database and combined it with connectivity data from different countries with Spain to perform a phylodynamic Bayesian analysis of the introductions. Our findings reveal that the introductions of these VOCs predominantly originated from France, especially in the case of Alpha. As travel restrictions were eased during the Delta and Omicron-BA.1 waves, the number of introductions from distinct countries increased, with the United Kingdom and Germany becoming significant sources of the virus. The largest number of introductions detected corresponded to the Delta wave, which was associated with fewer restrictions and the summer period, when Spain receives a considerable number of tourists. This research underscores the importance of monitoring international travel patterns and implementing targeted public health measures to manage the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Gallego-García
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO
| | - Samuel L. Hong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nena Bollen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Simon Dellicour
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Spatial Epidemiology Lab (SpELL), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guy Baele
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc A. Suchard
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Philippe Lemey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Global Virus Network (GVN), Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - David Posada
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, and Immunology, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo 36310, Spain
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4
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Gallego-García P, Estévez-Gómez N, De Chiara L, Alvariño P, Juiz-González PM, Torres-Beceiro I, Poza M, Vallejo JA, Rumbo-Feal S, Conde-Pérez K, Aja-Macaya P, Ladra S, Moreno-Flores A, Gude-González MJ, Coira A, Aguilera A, Costa-Alcalde JJ, Trastoy R, Barbeito-Castiñeiras G, García-Souto D, Tubio JMC, Trigo-Daporta M, Camacho-Zamora P, Costa JG, González-Domínguez M, Canoura-Fernández L, Glez-Peña D, Pérez-Castro S, Cabrera JJ, Daviña-Núñez C, Godoy-Diz M, Treinta-Álvarez AB, Veiga MI, Sousa JC, Osório NS, Comas I, González-Candelas F, Hong SL, Bollen N, Dellicour S, Baele G, Suchard MA, Lemey P, Agulla A, Bou G, Alonso-García P, Pérez-Del-Molino ML, García-Campello M, Paz-Vidal I, Regueiro B, Posada D. Dispersal history of SARS-CoV-2 in Galicia, Spain. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29773. [PMID: 38940448 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The dynamics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission are influenced by a variety of factors, including social restrictions and the emergence of distinct variants. In this study, we delve into the origins and dissemination of the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron-BA.1 variants of concern in Galicia, northwest Spain. For this, we leveraged genomic data collected by the EPICOVIGAL Consortium and from the GISAID database, along with mobility information from other Spanish regions and foreign countries. Our analysis indicates that initial introductions during the Alpha phase were predominantly from other Spanish regions and France. However, as the pandemic progressed, introductions from Portugal and the United States became increasingly significant. The number of detected introductions varied from 96 and 101 for Alpha and Delta to 39 for Omicron-BA.1. Most of these introductions left a low number of descendants (<10), suggesting a limited impact on the evolution of the pandemic in Galicia. Notably, Galicia's major coastal cities emerged as critical hubs for viral transmission, highlighting their role in sustaining and spreading the virus. This research emphasizes the critical role of regional connectivity in the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and offers essential insights for enhancing public health strategies and surveillance measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Gallego-García
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Nuria Estévez-Gómez
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Loretta De Chiara
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, and Immunology, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Pedro M Juiz-González
- Servicio de Microbiología del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol, Ferrol, Spain
| | - Isabel Torres-Beceiro
- Servicio de Microbiología del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol, Ferrol, Spain
| | - Margarita Poza
- Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC) - Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA), University of A Coruña (UDC) - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Edificio Sur, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, As Xubias, A Coruña, Spain
- Microbiome and Health Group, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Juan A Vallejo
- Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC) - Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA), University of A Coruña (UDC) - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Edificio Sur, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, As Xubias, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Soraya Rumbo-Feal
- Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC) - Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA), University of A Coruña (UDC) - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Edificio Sur, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, As Xubias, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Kelly Conde-Pérez
- Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC) - Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA), University of A Coruña (UDC) - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Edificio Sur, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, As Xubias, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Pablo Aja-Macaya
- Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC) - Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA), University of A Coruña (UDC) - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Edificio Sur, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, As Xubias, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Susana Ladra
- Database Laboratory, Research Center for Information and Communication Technologies (CITIC), University of A Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | | | | | - Amparo Coira
- Department of Microbiology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela. SERGAS - Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Aguilera
- Department of Microbiology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela. SERGAS - Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José J Costa-Alcalde
- Department of Microbiology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela. SERGAS - Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rocío Trastoy
- Department of Microbiology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela. SERGAS - Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gema Barbeito-Castiñeiras
- Department of Microbiology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela. SERGAS - Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Daniel García-Souto
- CiMUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José M C Tubio
- CiMUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physic Anthropology, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Matilde Trigo-Daporta
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Pablo Camacho-Zamora
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Juan García Costa
- Servicio de Microbiología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Ourense, Spain
| | | | - Luis Canoura-Fernández
- Servicio de Microbiología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Ourense, Spain
| | - Daniel Glez-Peña
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Sonia Pérez-Castro
- Department of Microbiology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
- Microbiology and Infectology Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jorge J Cabrera
- Department of Microbiology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
- Microbiology and Infectology Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Carlos Daviña-Núñez
- Microbiology and Infectology Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Montserrat Godoy-Diz
- Department of Microbiology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Treinta-Álvarez
- Department of Microbiology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | - Maria Isabel Veiga
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João Carlos Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno S Osório
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Iñaki Comas
- Tuberculosis Genomics Unit, BioMedicine Institute of Valencia, Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
- Joint Research Unit "Infection and Public Health", FISABIO-University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando González-Candelas
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
- Joint Research Unit "Infection and Public Health", FISABIO-University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), University of Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Samuel L Hong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nena Bollen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Simon Dellicour
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Spatial Epidemiology Lab, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guy Baele
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc A Suchard
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Philippe Lemey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Global Virus Network (GVN), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrés Agulla
- Servicio de Microbiología del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol, Ferrol, Spain
| | - Germán Bou
- Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC) - Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA), University of A Coruña (UDC) - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Edificio Sur, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, As Xubias, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Pilar Alonso-García
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain
| | - María Luisa Pérez-Del-Molino
- Department of Microbiology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela. SERGAS - Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marta García-Campello
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Isabel Paz-Vidal
- Servicio de Microbiología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Ourense, Spain
| | - Benito Regueiro
- Department of Microbiology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
- Microbiology and Infectology Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - David Posada
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, and Immunology, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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5
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Gallego-García P, Estévez-Gómez N, De Chiara L, Alvariño P, Juiz-González PM, Torres-Beceiro I, Poza M, Vallejo JA, Rumbo-Feal S, Conde-Pérez K, Aja-Macaya P, Ladra S, Moreno-Flores A, Gude-González MJ, Coira A, Aguilera A, Costa-Alcalde JJ, Trastoy R, Barbeito-Castiñeiras G, García-Souto D, Tubio JMC, Trigo-Daporta M, Camacho-Zamora P, Costa JG, González-Domínguez M, Canoura-Fernández L, Glez-Peña D, Pérez-Castro S, Cabrera JJ, Daviña-Núñez C, Godoy-Diz M, Treinta-Álvarez AB, Veiga MI, Sousa JC, Osório NS, Comas I, González-Candelas F, Hong SL, Bollen N, Dellicour S, Baele G, Suchard MA, Lemey P, Agulla A, Bou G, Alonso-García P, Pérez-Del-Molino ML, García-Campello M, Paz-Vidal I, Regueiro B, Posada D. Dispersal history of SARS-CoV-2 in Galicia, Spain. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.02.27.24303385. [PMID: 38463998 PMCID: PMC10925372 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.27.24303385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 transmission are influenced by a variety of factors, including social restrictions and the emergence of distinct variants. In this study, we delve into the origins and dissemination of the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants of concern in Galicia, northwest Spain. For this, we leveraged genomic data collected by the EPICOVIGAL Consortium and from the GISAID database, along with mobility information from other Spanish regions and foreign countries. Our analysis indicates that initial introductions during the Alpha phase were predominantly from other Spanish regions and France. However, as the pandemic progressed, introductions from Portugal and the USA became increasingly significant. Notably, Galicia's major coastal cities emerged as critical hubs for viral transmission, highlighting their role in sustaining and spreading the virus. This research emphasizes the critical role of regional connectivity in the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and offers essential insights for enhancing public health strategies and surveillance measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Gallego-García
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO
| | - Nuria Estévez-Gómez
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO
| | - Loretta De Chiara
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, and Immunology, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo 36310, Spain
| | | | - Pedro M Juiz-González
- Servicio de Microbiología del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol, 15405 Ferrol
| | - Isabel Torres-Beceiro
- Servicio de Microbiología del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol, 15405 Ferrol
| | - Margarita Poza
- Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC) - Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA) - University of A Coruña (UDC) - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Madrid. Servicio de Microbiología, 3° planta, Edificio Sur, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
- Microbiome and Health Group, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña (UDC). Campus da Zapateira, 15008, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Juan A Vallejo
- Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC) - Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA) - University of A Coruña (UDC) - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Madrid. Servicio de Microbiología, 3° planta, Edificio Sur, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Soraya Rumbo-Feal
- Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC) - Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA) - University of A Coruña (UDC) - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Madrid. Servicio de Microbiología, 3° planta, Edificio Sur, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Kelly Conde-Pérez
- Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC) - Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA) - University of A Coruña (UDC) - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Madrid. Servicio de Microbiología, 3° planta, Edificio Sur, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Pablo Aja-Macaya
- Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC) - Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA) - University of A Coruña (UDC) - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Madrid. Servicio de Microbiología, 3° planta, Edificio Sur, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Susana Ladra
- Database Laboratory, Research Center for Information and Communication Technologies (CITIC), University of A Coruña (UDC), Campus de Elviña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | | | | | - Amparo Coira
- Microbiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela. SERGAS - Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS) - Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Antonio Aguilera
- Microbiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela. SERGAS - Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS) - Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - José J Costa-Alcalde
- Microbiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela. SERGAS - Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS) - Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Rocío Trastoy
- Microbiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela. SERGAS - Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS) - Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Gema Barbeito-Castiñeiras
- Microbiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela. SERGAS - Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS) - Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Daniel García-Souto
- CiMUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. - Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physic Anthropology, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José M C Tubio
- CiMUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. - Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physic Anthropology, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Matilde Trigo-Daporta
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Pablo Camacho-Zamora
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Juan García Costa
- Servicio de Microbiología. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, 32005, Ourense, Spain
| | - María González-Domínguez
- Servicio de Microbiología. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, 32005, Ourense, Spain
| | - Luis Canoura-Fernández
- Servicio de Microbiología. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, 32005, Ourense, Spain
| | - Daniel Glez-Peña
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO
| | - Sonia Pérez-Castro
- Microbiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, Vigo 36213, Spain
- Microbiology and Infectology Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jorge J Cabrera
- Microbiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, Vigo 36213, Spain
- Microbiology and Infectology Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Carlos Daviña-Núñez
- Microbiology and Infectology Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Montserrat Godoy-Diz
- Microbiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, Vigo 36213, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Treinta-Álvarez
- Microbiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, Vigo 36213, Spain
| | - Maria Isabel Veiga
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal - ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909, Guimarães/ Braga, Portugal
| | - João Carlos Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal - ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909, Guimarães/ Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno S Osório
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal - ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909, Guimarães/ Braga, Portugal
| | - Iñaki Comas
- Tuberculosis Genomics Unit, Biomedicine Institute of Valencia, Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health, Spain; Joint Research Unit "Infection and Public Health" FISABIO-University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando González-Candelas
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health, Spain; Joint Research Unit "Infection and Public Health" FISABIO-University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), University of Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Samuel L Hong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nena Bollen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Simon Dellicour
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Spatial Epidemiology Lab, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guy Baele
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc A Suchard
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA - Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA - Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Philippe Lemey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Global Virus Network (GVN), Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Andrés Agulla
- Servicio de Microbiología del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol, 15405 Ferrol
| | - Germán Bou
- Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (INIBIC) - Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA) - University of A Coruña (UDC) - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC-ISCIII), Madrid. Servicio de Microbiología, 3° planta, Edificio Sur, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Pilar Alonso-García
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain
| | - María Luisa Pérez-Del-Molino
- Microbiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela. SERGAS - Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIS) - Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Marta García-Campello
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Isabel Paz-Vidal
- Servicio de Microbiología. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, 32005, Ourense, Spain
| | - Benito Regueiro
- Microbiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, Vigo 36213, Spain
- Microbiology and Infectology Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - David Posada
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, and Immunology, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo 36310, Spain
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6
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Jokiranta ST, Miettinen S, Salonen S, Kareinen L, Uusitalo R, Korhonen EM, Virtanen J, Kivistö I, Aaltonen K, Mosselhy DA, Lääveri T, Kantele A, Arstila TP, Jarva H, Vapalahti O, Heinonen S, Kekäläinen E. Stable Levels of Antibodies Against Unrelated Toxoid Vaccines After COVID-19: COVID-19 Infection Does Not Affect Toxoid Vaccine Antibody Levels. Pathog Immun 2024; 8:74-87. [PMID: 38347963 PMCID: PMC10860543 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v8i2.627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Lymphopenia is common in COVID-19. This has raised concerns that COVID-19 could affect the immune system akin to measles infection, which causes immune amnesia and a reduction in protective antibodies. Methods We recruited COVID-19 patients (n = 59) in Helsinki, Finland, and collected plasma samples on 2 to 3 occasions during and after infection. We measured IgG antibodies to diphtheria toxin, tetanus toxoid, and pertussis toxin, along with total IgG, SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG, and neutralizing antibodies. We also surveyed the participants for up to 17 months for long-term impaired olfaction as a proxy for prolonged post-acute COVID-19 symptoms. Results No significant differences were found in the unrelated vaccine responses while the serological response against COVID-19 was appropriate. During the acute phase of the disease, the SARSCoV-2 IgG levels were lower in outpatients when compared to inpatients. SARS-CoV-2 serology kinetics matched expectations. In the acute phase, anti-tetanus and anti-diphtheria IgG levels were lower in patients with prolonged impaired olfaction during follow up than in those without. Conclusions We could not detect significant decline in overall humoral immunity during or after COVID-19 infection. In severe COVID-19, there appears to be a temporary decline in total IgG levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi T. Jokiranta
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simo Miettinen
- Viral Zoonosis Research Unit, Medicum, Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sami Salonen
- HUS Diagnostic Center, Clinical Microbiology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Kareinen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Food Authority, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ruut Uusitalo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Essi M. Korhonen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni Virtanen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Kivistö
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Aaltonen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dina A. Mosselhy
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Microbiological Unit, Fish Diseases Department, Animal Health Research Institute, ARC, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Tinja Lääveri
- Infectious Diseases, Inflammation Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Aalto University, Department of Computer Science, School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Anu Kantele
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Meilahti Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research Center, MeiVac, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T. Petteri Arstila
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Jarva
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUS Diagnostic Center, Clinical Microbiology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Vapalahti
- Viral Zoonosis Research Unit, Medicum, Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUS Diagnostic Center, Clinical Microbiology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Santtu Heinonen
- New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eliisa Kekäläinen
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUS Diagnostic Center, Clinical Microbiology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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7
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de Carvalho Ruthner Batista HB, Vieira LFP, Kawai JGC, de Oliveira Fahl W, Barboza CM, Achkar S, de Novaes Oliveira R, Brandão PE, Carnieli Junior P. Dispersion and diversification of Lyssavirus rabies transmitted from haematophagous bats Desmodus rotundus: a phylogeographical study. Virus Genes 2023; 59:817-822. [PMID: 37796410 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-023-02030-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Rabies is worldwide zoonosis caused by Lyssavirus rabies (RABV) a RNA negative sense virus with low level of fidelity during replication cycle. Nucleoprotein of RABV is the most conserved between all five proteins of the virus and is the most used gene for phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies. Despite of rabies been very important in Public Health concern, it demands continuous prophylactic care for herbivores with economic interest, such as cattle and horses. The main transmitter of RABV for these animals in Brazil is the hematophagous bats Desmodus rotundus. The aim of this study was to determine the dispersion over time and space of RABV transmitted by D. rotundus. Samples of RABV from the State of São Paulo (SP), Southeast Brazil isolated from the central nervous system (CNS) of cattle, were submitted to RNA extraction, RT-PCR, sequencing and phylogeographic analyzes with BEAST (Bayesian Evolutionary Analysis Sampling Trees) v 2.5 software. Was possible to identify high rate of diversification in starts sublineages of RABV what are correlated with a behavior of D. rotundus, the main transmitter of rabies to cattle. This study also highlights the importance of continuous monitoring of genetic lineages of RABV in Brazil.
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8
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Grobusch MP, Weld L, Schnyder JL, Larsen CS, Lindner AK, Popescu CP, Huits R, Goorhuis A, Gautret P, Schlagenhauf P. COVID-19 impact on EuroTravNet infectious diseases sentinel surveillance in Europe. Travel Med Infect Dis 2023; 53:102583. [PMID: 37207977 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a sharp decline of post-travel patient encounters at the European sentinel surveillance network (EuroTravNet) of travellers' health. We report on the impact of COVID-19 on travel-related infectious diseases as recorded by EuroTravNet clinics. METHODS Travelers who presented between January 1, 2019 and September 30, 2021 were included. Comparisons were made between the pre-pandemic period (14 months from January 1, 2019 to February 29, 2020); and the pandemic period (19 months from March 1, 2020 to September 30, 2021). RESULTS Of the 15,124 visits to the network during the 33-month observation period, 10,941 (72%) were during the pre-pandemic period, and 4183 (28%) during the pandemic period. Average monthly visits declined from 782/month (pre-COVID-19 era) to 220/month (COVID-19 pandemic era). Among non-migrants the top-10 countries of exposure changed after onset of the COVID-19 pandemic; destinations such as Italy and Austria, where COVID-19 exposure peaked in the first months, replaced typical travel destinations in Asia (Thailand, Indonesia, India). There was a small decline in migrant patients reported, with little change in the top countries of exposure (Bolivia, Mali). The three top diagnoses with the largest overall decreases in relative frequency were acute gastroenteritis (-5.3%), rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (-2.8%), and dengue (-2.6%). Apart from COVID-19 (which rose from 0.1% to 12.7%), the three top diagnoses with the largest overall relative frequency increase were schistosomiasis (+4.9%), strongyloidiasis (+2.7%), and latent tuberculosis (+2.4%). CONCLUSIONS A marked COVID-19 pandemic-induced decline in global travel activities is reflected in reduced travel-related infectious diseases sentinel surveillance reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P Grobusch
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Leisa Weld
- Statistical Consultant, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jenny L Schnyder
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Andreas K Lindner
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité Center for Global Health, Institute of International Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Corneliu Petru Popescu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Dr Victor Babes Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ralph Huits
- Department of Infectious Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | - A Goorhuis
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philippe Gautret
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, And Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - Patricia Schlagenhauf
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Travellers' Health, Department of Global and Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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9
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Ekström N, Haveri A, Solastie A, Virta C, Österlund P, Nohynek H, Nieminen T, Ivaska L, Tähtinen PA, Lempainen J, Jalkanen P, Julkunen I, Palmu AA, Melin M. Strong Neutralizing Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Variants Following a Single Vaccine Dose in Subjects With Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac625. [PMID: 36519113 PMCID: PMC9745780 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection primes the immune system; thus individuals who have recovered from infection have enhanced immune responses to subsequent vaccination (hybrid immunity). However, it remains unclear how well hybrid immunity induced by severe or mild infection can cross-neutralize emerging variants. We aimed to compare the strength and breadth of antibody responses in vaccinated recovered and uninfected subjects. METHODS We measured spike-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) from vaccinated subjects including 320 with hybrid immunity and 20 without previous infection. From 29 subjects with a previous severe or mild infection, we also measured NAb responses against Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529/BA.1) variants following vaccination. RESULTS A single vaccine dose induced 2-fold higher anti-spike IgG concentrations and up to 4-fold higher neutralizing potency of antibodies in subjects with a previous infection compared with vaccinated subjects without a previous infection. Hybrid immunity was more enhanced after a severe than a mild infection, with sequentially decreasing NAb titers against Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants. We found similar IgG concentrations in subjects with a previous infection after 1 or 2 vaccine doses. CONCLUSIONS Hybrid immunity induced strong IgG responses, particularly after severe infection. However, the NAb titers were low against heterologous variants, especially against Omicron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Ekström
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Haveri
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Solastie
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Camilla Virta
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pamela Österlund
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Nohynek
- Infectious Disease Control and Vaccinations Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomo Nieminen
- Data and Analytics Unit, Department of Knowledge Brokers, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Ivaska
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Paula A Tähtinen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Lempainen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pinja Jalkanen
- Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilkka Julkunen
- Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Arto A Palmu
- Interventions Unit, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Tampere, Finland
| | - Merit Melin
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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