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Sun Q, Li H, Lv J, Shi W, Bai Y, Pan K, Chen A. Dopamine β-hydroxylase shapes intestinal inflammation through modulating T cell activation. Cell Immunol 2024; 401-402:104839. [PMID: 38850753 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2024.104839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and relapsing disease characterized by immune-mediated dysfunction of intestinal homeostasis. Alteration of the enteric nervous system and the subsequent neuro-immune interaction are thought to contribute to the initiation and progression of IBD. However, the role of dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), an enzyme converting dopamine into norepinephrine, in modulating intestinal inflammation is not well defined. METHODS CD4+CD45RBhighT cell adoptive transfer, and 2,4-dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS) or dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis were collectively conducted to uncover the effects of DBH inhibition by nepicastat, a DBH inhibitor, in mucosal ulceration, disease severity, and T cell function. RESULTS Inhibition of DBH by nepicastat triggered therapeutic effects on T cell adoptive transfer induced chronic mouse colitis model, which was consistent with the gene expression of DBH in multiple cell populations including T cells. Furthermore, DBH inhibition dramatically ameliorated the disease activity and colon shortening in chemically induced acute and chronic IBD models, as evidenced by morphological and histological examinations. The reshaped systemic inflammatory status was largely associated with decreased pro-inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-γ in plasma and re-balanced Th1, Th17 and Tregs in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) upon colitis progression. Additionally, the conversion from dopamine (DA) to norepinephrine (NE) was inhibited resulting in increase in DA level and decrease in NE level and DA/NE showed immune-modulatory effects on the activation of immune cells. CONCLUSION Modulation of neurotransmitter levels via inhibition of DBH exerted protective effects on progression of murine colitis by modulating the neuro-immune axis. These findings suggested a promising new therapeutic strategy for attenuating intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Sun
- Asieris Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China.
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Jing Lv
- Asieris Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Weilin Shi
- Asieris Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfeng Bai
- Asieris Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Pan
- Asieris Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Alice Chen
- Asieris Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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2
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Fonseca M, Guimarães A, Gama H, Magalhães L, Henriques SC, Silva N, Almeida L, Soares-da-Silva P. Drug-Drug Interaction between Oral Zamicastat and Continuous Epoprostenol Infusion at Steady-State Conditions in Healthy Subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38924604 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
This study intended to evaluate the interactions between zamicastat and epoprostenol in healthy human subjects. This was a single-center, open-label, two-period study. In period 1, epoprostenol 8 ng/kg/min was administered alone. In period 2, epoprostenol 8 ng/kg/min was administered following an 8-day treatment with zamicastat. Since the initial dose of epoprostenol showed to be insufficiently tolerated, it was decreased to 6 ng/kg/min. Blood samples were collected to determine the metabolites of epoprostenol and concentrations of zamicastat and its metabolites. A total of 54 subjects were enrolled and data from 28 subjects were available for pharmacokinetic analysis. The epoprostenol plus zamicastat-to-epoprostenol geometric means ratio (GMR) and corresponding 90% confidence interval (CI) for Cav,ss and area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 up to 16 h at steady state (AUC0-16,ss) of the metabolites of epoprostenol were within the acceptance bioequivalence range (80.00%-125.00%). The intrasubject coefficient of variation (ISCV) was below 10% for both parameters, on both metabolites. For zamicastat AUC0-τ,ss, the zamicastat plus epoprostenol-to-zamicastat GMR and corresponding 90% CI were within the bioequivalence acceptance range, while for zamicastat Cmax,ss, the lower limit of the 90% CI was slightly below the acceptance range. For zamicastat metabolites, Cmax,ss and AUC0-τ,ss and the zamicastat plus epoprostenol-to-zamicastat GMR were below the acceptance bioequivalence range. ISCV was between 30% and 41% for Cmax,ss and between 21% and 41% for AUC0-τ,ss, for zamicastat and both metabolites. This study showed that the administration of zamicastat did not significantly modify the cardiovascular effects of epoprostenol and that the interactions between zamicastat and epoprostenol are not expected to be clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreia Guimarães
- Research and Development, Bial-Portela & Cª S.A., Coronado (S. Romao e S. Mamede), Trofa, Portugal
| | - Helena Gama
- Research and Development, Bial-Portela & Cª S.A., Coronado (S. Romao e S. Mamede), Trofa, Portugal
| | - Luís Magalhães
- Research and Development, Bial-Portela & Cª S.A., Coronado (S. Romao e S. Mamede), Trofa, Portugal
| | - Sara Carolina Henriques
- BlueClinical Phase I, Porto, Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luis Almeida
- BlueClinical Phase I, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- MedInUP-Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrício Soares-da-Silva
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- MedInUP-Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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3
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Liu J, Lustberg DJ, Galvez A, Liles LC, McCann KE, Weinshenker D. Genetic disruption of dopamine β-hydroxylase dysregulates innate responses to predator odor in mice. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 29:100612. [PMID: 38371489 PMCID: PMC10873756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In rodents, exposure to predator odors such as cat urine acts as a severe stressor that engages innate defensive behaviors critical for survival in the wild. The neurotransmitters norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) modulate anxiety and predator odor responses, and we have shown previously that dopamine β-hydroxylase knockout (Dbh -/-), which reduces NE and increases DA in mouse noradrenergic neurons, disrupts innate behaviors in response to mild stressors such as novelty. We examined the consequences of Dbh knockout on responses to predator odor (bobcat urine) and compared them to Dbh-competent littermate controls. Over the first 10 min of predator odor exposure, controls exhibited robust defensive burying behavior, whereas Dbh -/- mice showed high levels of grooming. Defensive burying was potently suppressed in controls by drugs that reduce NE transmission, while excessive grooming in Dbh -/- mice was blocked by DA receptor antagonism. In response to a cotton square scented with a novel "neutral" odor (lavender), most control mice shredded the material, built a nest, and fell asleep within 90 min. Dbh -/- mice failed to shred the lavender-scented nestlet, but still fell asleep. In contrast, controls sustained high levels of arousal throughout the predator odor test and did not build nests, while Dbh -/- mice were asleep by the 90-min time point, often in shredded bobcat urine-soaked nesting material. Compared with controls exposed to predator odor, Dbh -/- mice demonstrated decreased c-fos induction in the anterior cingulate cortex, lateral septum, periaqueductal gray, and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, but increased c-fos in the locus coeruleus and medial amygdala. These data indicate that relative ratios of central NE and DA signaling coordinate the type and valence of responses to predator odor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abigail Galvez
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - L. Cameron Liles
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Katharine E. McCann
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David Weinshenker
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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4
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Liu J, Lustberg DJ, Galvez A, Liles LC, McCann KE, Weinshenker D. Genetic disruption of dopamine β-hydroxylase dysregulates innate responses to predator odor in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.06.21.545975. [PMID: 38234825 PMCID: PMC10793432 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.21.545975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
In rodents, exposure to predator odors such as cat urine acts as a severe stressor that engages innate defensive behaviors critical for survival in the wild. The neurotransmitters norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) modulate anxiety and predator odor responses, and we have shown previously that dopamine β-hydroxylase knockout (Dbh -/-), which reduces NE and increases DA in mouse noradrenergic neurons, disrupts innate behaviors in response to mild stressors such as novelty. We examined the consequences of Dbh knockout (Dbh -/-) on responses to predator odor (bobcat urine) and compared them to Dbh-competent littermate controls. Over the first 10 min of predator odor exposure, controls exhibited robust defensive burying behavior, whereas Dbh -/- mice showed high levels of grooming. Defensive burying was potently suppressed in controls by drugs that reduce NE transmission, while excessive grooming in Dbh -/- mice was blocked by DA receptor antagonism. In response to a cotton square scented with a novel "neutral" odor (lavender), most control mice shredded the material, built a nest, and fell asleep within 90 min. Dbh -/- mice failed to shred the lavender-scented nestlet, but still fell asleep. In contrast, controls sustained high levels of arousal throughout the predator odor test and did not build nests, while Dbh -/- mice were asleep by the 90-min time point, often in shredded bobcat urine-soaked nesting material. Compared with controls exposed to predator odor, Dbh -/- mice demonstrated decreased c-fos induction in the anterior cingulate cortex, lateral septum, periaqueductal gray, and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, but increased c-fos in the locus coeruleus and medial amygdala. These data indicate that relative ratios of central NE and DA signaling coordinate the type and valence of responses to predator odor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Liu
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Daniel J. Lustberg
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Abigail Galvez
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - L. Cameron Liles
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Katharine E. McCann
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - David Weinshenker
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
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5
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Azevedo M, Martinho R, Oliveira A, Correia-de-Sá P, Moreira-Rodrigues M. Molecular pathways underlying sympathetic autonomic overshooting leading to fear and traumatic memories: looking for alternative therapeutic options for post-traumatic stress disorder. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 16:1332348. [PMID: 38260808 PMCID: PMC10800988 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1332348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The sympathoadrenal medullary system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis are both activated upon stressful events. The release of catecholamines, such as dopamine, norepinephrine (NE), and epinephrine (EPI), from sympathetic autonomic nerves participate in the adaptive responses to acute stress. Most theories suggest that activation of peripheral β-adrenoceptors (β-ARs) mediates catecholamines-induced memory enhancement. These include direct activation of β-ARs in the vagus nerve, as well as indirect responses to catecholamine-induced glucose changes in the brain. Excessive sympathetic activity is deeply associated with memories experienced during strong emotional stressful conditions, with catecholamines playing relevant roles in fear and traumatic memories consolidation. Recent findings suggest that EPI is implicated in fear and traumatic contextual memories associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by increasing hippocampal gene transcription (e.g., Nr4a) downstream to cAMP response-element protein activation (CREB). Herein, we reviewed the literature focusing on the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of memories associated with fear and traumatic experiences to pave new avenues for the treatment of stress and anxiety conditions, such as PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Azevedo
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Immuno-Physiology and Pharmacology and Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Martinho
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Immuno-Physiology and Pharmacology and Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Oliveira
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Immuno-Physiology and Pharmacology and Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Correia-de-Sá
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Department of Immuno-Physiology and Pharmacology and Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Moreira-Rodrigues
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Immuno-Physiology and Pharmacology and Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
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6
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Kawada T, Yabushita K, Yasuda T, Ohta T, Yajima T, Tanaka K, Utsumi N, Watanabe M, Murata K, Kayaki Y, Kuwata S, Katayama T. Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenative Amination of Benzylic Ketones Catalyzed by Cp*Ir(III) Complexes Bearing a Chiral N-(2-Picolyl)sulfonamidato Ligand. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8458-8468. [PMID: 35686909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A convenient asymmetric reductive amination of benzylic ketones (α-arylated ketones) catalyzed by newly designed Cp*Ir complexes bearing a chiral N-(2-picolyl)sulfonamidato ligand was developed. Using readily available β-amino alcohols as chiral aminating agents, a range of benzo-fused and acyclic ketones were successfully reduced with formic acid in methanol at 40 °C to afford amines with favorable chemo- and diastereoselectivities. The amino alcohol-derived chiral auxiliary was easily removed by mild periodic oxidants, leading to optically active primary β-arylamines without erosion of the optical purity (up to 97% ee). The excellent catalytic performance was retained even upon lowering the amount of catalyst to a substrate/catalyst (S/C) ratio of 20,000, and the amination could be performed on a large scale exceeding 100 g. The precise hydride transfer to iminium species generated from the ketonic substrate and the chiral amine counterpart was suggested by the mechanistic studies on stoichiometric reactions of isolable hydridoiridium complexes and model intermediates such as N,O-acetal, enamine, and iminium compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Kawada
- Central Research Laboratory, Technology & Department Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., 7-1, Inari 1-chome, Soka, Saitama 340-0003, Japan
| | - Kenya Yabushita
- Central Research Laboratory, Technology & Department Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., 7-1, Inari 1-chome, Soka, Saitama 340-0003, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Yasuda
- Central Research Laboratory, Technology & Department Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., 7-1, Inari 1-chome, Soka, Saitama 340-0003, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohta
- Central Research Laboratory, Technology & Department Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., 7-1, Inari 1-chome, Soka, Saitama 340-0003, Japan
| | - Takaaki Yajima
- Central Research Laboratory, Technology & Department Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., 7-1, Inari 1-chome, Soka, Saitama 340-0003, Japan
| | - Kouichi Tanaka
- Central Research Laboratory, Technology & Department Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., 7-1, Inari 1-chome, Soka, Saitama 340-0003, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Utsumi
- Central Research Laboratory, Technology & Department Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., 7-1, Inari 1-chome, Soka, Saitama 340-0003, Japan
| | - Masahito Watanabe
- Central Research Laboratory, Technology & Department Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., 7-1, Inari 1-chome, Soka, Saitama 340-0003, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Murata
- Central Research Laboratory, Technology & Department Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., 7-1, Inari 1-chome, Soka, Saitama 340-0003, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kayaki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-E4-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kuwata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-E4-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Takeaki Katayama
- Central Research Laboratory, Technology & Department Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., 7-1, Inari 1-chome, Soka, Saitama 340-0003, Japan
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7
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Mpekoulis G, Tsopela V, Chalari A, Kalliampakou KI, Panos G, Frakolaki E, Milona RS, Sideris DC, Vassilacopoulou D, Vassilaki N. Dengue Virus Replication Is Associated with Catecholamine Biosynthesis and Metabolism in Hepatocytes. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030564. [PMID: 35336971 PMCID: PMC8948859 DOI: 10.3390/v14030564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, the association between the catecholamine biosynthetic enzyme L-Dopa decarboxylase (DDC) and Dengue virus (DV) replication was demonstrated in liver cells and was found to be mediated at least by the interaction between DDC and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). Here, we show that biogenic amines production and uptake impede DV replication in hepatocytes and monocytes, while the virus reduces catecholamine biosynthesis, metabolism, and transport. To examine how catecholamine biosynthesis/metabolism influences DV, first, we verified the role of DDC by altering DDC expression. DDC silencing enhanced virus replication, but not translation, attenuated the negative effect of DDC substrates on the virus and reduced the infection related cell death. Then, the role of the downstream steps of the catecholamine biosynthesis/metabolism was analyzed by chemical inhibition of the respective enzymes, application of their substrates and/or their products; moreover, reserpine, the inhibitor of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), was used to examine the role of uptake/storage of catecholamines on DV. Apart from the role of each enzyme/transporter, these studies revealed that the dopamine uptake, and not the dopamine-signaling, is responsible for the negative effect on DV. Accordingly, all treatments expected to enhance the accumulation of catecholamines in the cell cytosol suppressed DV replication. This was verified by the use of chemical inducers of catecholamine biosynthesis. Last, the cellular redox alterations due to catecholamine oxidation were not related with the inhibition of DV replication. In turn, DV apart from its negative impact on DDC, inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine beta-hydroxylase, monoamine oxidase, and VMAT2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Mpekoulis
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (V.T.); (A.C.); (K.I.K.); (G.P.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Vassilina Tsopela
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (V.T.); (A.C.); (K.I.K.); (G.P.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Anna Chalari
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (V.T.); (A.C.); (K.I.K.); (G.P.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Katerina I. Kalliampakou
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (V.T.); (A.C.); (K.I.K.); (G.P.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Georgios Panos
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (V.T.); (A.C.); (K.I.K.); (G.P.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Efseveia Frakolaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (V.T.); (A.C.); (K.I.K.); (G.P.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Raphaela S. Milona
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (V.T.); (A.C.); (K.I.K.); (G.P.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Diamantis C. Sideris
- Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece; (D.C.S.); (D.V.)
| | - Dido Vassilacopoulou
- Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece; (D.C.S.); (D.V.)
| | - Niki Vassilaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (V.T.); (A.C.); (K.I.K.); (G.P.); (R.S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-647-8875
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8
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Yang D, Dai X, Xing Y, Tang X, Yang G, Harrison AG, Cahoon J, Li H, Lv X, Yu X, Wang P, Wang H. Intrinsic cardiac adrenergic cells contribute to LPS-induced myocardial dysfunction. Commun Biol 2022; 5:96. [PMID: 35079095 PMCID: PMC8789803 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic cardiac adrenergic (ICA) cells regulate both developing and adult cardiac physiological and pathological processes. However, the role of ICA cells in septic cardiomyopathy is unknown. Here we show that norepinephrine (NE) secretion from ICA cells is increased through activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) to aggravate myocardial TNF-α production and dysfunction by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In ICA cells, LPS activated TLR4-MyD88/TRIF-AP-1 signaling that promoted NE biosynthesis through expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, but did not trigger TNF-α production due to impairment of p65 translocation. In a co-culture consisting of LPS-treated ICA cells and cardiomyocytes, the upregulation and secretion of NE from ICA cells activated cardiomyocyte β1-adrenergic receptor driving Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) to crosstalk with NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Importantly, blockade of ICA cell-derived NE prevented LPS-induced myocardial dysfunction. Our findings suggest that ICA cells may be a potential therapeutic target for septic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duomeng Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaomeng Dai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun Xing
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangxu Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Pathogen biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Andrew G Harrison
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Jason Cahoon
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuxiu Lv
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Penghua Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Huadong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
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Bagardi M, Zamboni V, Locatelli C, Galizzi A, Ghilardi S, Brambilla PG. Management of Chronic Congestive Heart Failure Caused by Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease in Dogs: A Narrative Review from 1970 to 2020. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12020209. [PMID: 35049831 PMCID: PMC8773235 DOI: 10.3390/ani12020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most common acquired cardiovascular disease in dogs. The progression of the disease and the increasing severity of valvular regurgitation cause a volume overload of the left heart, leading to left atrial and ventricular remodeling and congestive heart failure (CHF). The treatment of chronic CHF secondary to MMVD in dogs has not always been the same over time. In the last fifty years, the drugs utilized have considerably changed, as well as the therapeutic protocols. Some drugs have also changed their intended use. An analysis of the literature concerning the therapy of chronic heart failure in dogs affected by this widespread degenerative disease is not available; a synthesis of the published literature on this topic and a description of its current state of art are needed. To the authors’ knowledge, a review of this topic has never been published in veterinary medicine; therefore, the aim of this study is to overview the treatments of chronic CHF secondary to MMVD in dogs from 1970 to 2020 using the general framework of narrative reviews. Abstract The treatment of chronic congestive heart failure (CHF), secondary to myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in dogs, has considerably changed in the last fifty years. An analysis of the literature concerning the therapy of chronic CHF in dogs affected by MMVD is not available, and it is needed. Narrative reviews (NRs) are aimed at identifying and summarizing what has been previously published, avoiding duplications, and seeking new study areas that have not yet been addressed. The most accessible open-access databases, PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar, were chosen, and the searching time frame was set in five decades, from 1970 to 2020. The 384 selected studies were classified into categories depending on the aim of the study, the population target, the pathogenesis of MMVD (natural/induced), and the resulting CHF. Over the years, the types of studies have increased considerably in veterinary medicine. In particular, there have been 43 (24.29%) clinical trials, 41 (23.16%) randomized controlled trials, 10 (5.65%) cross-over trials, 40 (22.60%) reviews, 5 (2.82%) comparative studies, 17 (9.60%) case-control studies, 2 (1.13%) cohort studies, 2 (1.13%) experimental studies, 2 (1.13%) questionnaires, 6 (3.40%) case-reports, 7 (3.95%) retrospective studies, and 2 (1.13%) guidelines. The experimental studies on dogs with an induced form of the disease were less numerous (49–27.68%) than the studies on dogs affected by spontaneous MMVD (128–72.32%). The therapy of chronic CHF in dogs has considerably changed in the last fifty years: in the last century, some of the currently prescribed drugs did not exist yet, while others had different indications.
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Acosta MC, Tillage RP, Weinshenker D, Saltzman W. Acute inhibition of dopamine β-hydroxylase attenuates behavioral responses to pups in adult virgin California mice (Peromyscus californicus). Horm Behav 2022; 137:105086. [PMID: 34808463 PMCID: PMC9250832 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In biparental species, in which both parents care for their offspring, the neural and endocrine mediators of paternal behavior appear to overlap substantially with those underlying maternal behavior. Little is known, however, about the roles of classical neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine (NE), in paternal care and whether they resemble those in maternal care. We tested the hypothesis that NE facilitates the initiation of nurturant behavior toward pups in virgin male and female California mice (Peromyscus californicus), a biparental rodent. Virtually all parents in this species are attracted to familiar and unfamiliar pups, while virgins either attack, avoid, or nurture pups, suggesting that the neurochemical control of pup-related behavior changes as mice transition into parenthood. We injected virgin males and females with nepicastat, a selective dopamine β-hydroxylase inhibitor that blocks NE synthesis (75 mg/kg, i.p.), or vehicle 2 h before exposing them to a novel pup, estrous female (males only), or pup-sized novel object for 60 min. Nepicastat significantly reduced the number of males and females that approached the pup and that displayed parental behavior. In contrast, nepicastat did not alter virgins' interactions with an estrous female or a novel object, suggesting that nepicastat-induced inhibition of interactions with pups was not mediated by changes in generalized neophobia, arousal, or activity. Nepicastat also significantly reduced NE levels in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex and increased the ratio of dopamine to NE in the hypothalamus. Our results suggest that NE may facilitate the initiation of parental behavior in male and female California mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina C Acosta
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Rachel P Tillage
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Whitehead 301, 615 Michael St., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - David Weinshenker
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Whitehead 301, 615 Michael St., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Wendy Saltzman
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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11
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Mpekoulis G, Tsopela V, Panos G, Siozos V, Kalliampakou KI, Frakolaki E, Sideris CD, Vassiliou AG, Sideris DC, Vassilacopoulou D, Vassilaki N. Association of Hepatitis C Virus Replication with the Catecholamine Biosynthetic Pathway. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112139. [PMID: 34834946 PMCID: PMC8624100 DOI: 10.3390/v13112139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A bidirectional negative relationship between Hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication and gene expression of the catecholamine biosynthetic enzyme L-Dopa decarboxylase (DDC) was previously shown in the liver and attributed at least to an association of DDC with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Here, we report that the biosynthesis and uptake of catecholamines restrict HCV replication in hepatocytes, while HCV has developed ways to reduce catecholamine production. By employing gene silencing, chemical inhibition or induction of the catecholamine biosynthetic and metabolic enzymes and transporters, and by applying the substrates or the products of the respective enzymes, we unravel the role of the different steps of the pathway in viral infection. We also provide evidence that the effect of catecholamines on HCV is strongly related with oxidative stress that is generated by their autoxidation in the cytosol, while antioxidants or treatments that lower cytosolic catecholamine levels positively affect the virus. To counteract the effect of catecholamines, HCV, apart from the already reported effects on DDC, causes the down-regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase that encodes the rate-limiting enzyme of catecholamine biosynthesis and suppresses dopamine beta-hydroxylase mRNA and protein amounts, while increasing the catecholamine degradation enzyme monoamine oxidase. Moreover, the NS4B viral protein is implicated in the effect of HCV on the ratio of the ~50 kDa DDC monomer and a ~120 kDa DDC complex, while the NS5A protein has a negative effect on total DDC protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Mpekoulis
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (V.T.); (G.P.); (V.S.); (K.I.K.); (E.F.); (C.D.S.)
| | - Vassilina Tsopela
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (V.T.); (G.P.); (V.S.); (K.I.K.); (E.F.); (C.D.S.)
| | - Georgios Panos
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (V.T.); (G.P.); (V.S.); (K.I.K.); (E.F.); (C.D.S.)
| | - Vasileiοs Siozos
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (V.T.); (G.P.); (V.S.); (K.I.K.); (E.F.); (C.D.S.)
| | - Katerina I. Kalliampakou
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (V.T.); (G.P.); (V.S.); (K.I.K.); (E.F.); (C.D.S.)
| | - Efseveia Frakolaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (V.T.); (G.P.); (V.S.); (K.I.K.); (E.F.); (C.D.S.)
| | - Constantinos D. Sideris
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (V.T.); (G.P.); (V.S.); (K.I.K.); (E.F.); (C.D.S.)
| | - Alice G. Vassiliou
- GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece;
| | - Diamantis C. Sideris
- Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece; (D.C.S.); (D.V.)
| | - Dido Vassilacopoulou
- Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece; (D.C.S.); (D.V.)
| | - Niki Vassilaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (V.T.); (G.P.); (V.S.); (K.I.K.); (E.F.); (C.D.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-647-8875
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12
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Martinho R, Correia G, Seixas R, Oliveira A, Silva S, Serrão P, Fernandes-Lopes C, Costa C, Moreira-Rodrigues M. Treatment With Nepicastat Decreases Contextual Traumatic Memories Persistence in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:745219. [PMID: 34630037 PMCID: PMC8498196 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.745219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common anxiety mental disorder and can be manifested after exposure to a real or perceived life-threatening event. Increased noradrenaline and adrenaline in plasma and urine have been documented in PTSD. Dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH) catalyzes the conversion of dopamine to noradrenaline and consequently, DBH inhibition reduces catecholamines. Our aim was to evaluate if nepicastat treatment decreases PTSD signs in an animal model. Wild-type (129x1/SvJ) female mice were submitted to PTSD induction protocol. DBH-inhibitor nepicastat (30 mg/kg) or vehicle (0.2% HPMC) were administered once daily since day 0 until day 7 or 12. The percentage of freezing was calculated on days 0, 1, 2, and 7, and behavioral tests were performed. Quantification of nepicastat in plasma and DBH activity in the adrenal gland was evaluated. Catecholamines were quantified by HPLC with electrochemical detection. mRNA expression of Npas4 and Bdnf in hippocampus was evaluated by qPCR.Mice in the PTSD-group and treated with nepicastat showed a decrease in freezing, and an increase in the time spent and entries in open arms in elevated plus maze test. In mice treated with nepicastat, adrenal gland DBH activity was decreased, and catecholamines were also decreased in plasma and tissues. On day 7, in mice treated with nepicastat, there was an increase of Npas4 and Bdnf mRNA expression in the hippocampus.In conclusion, DBH inhibitor nepicastat has an effect consistent with a decrease in the persistence of traumatic memories and anxiety-like behavior in this PTSD mice model. The disruption of traumatic memories through interference with the formation, consolidation, retrieval, and/or expression processes may be important to decrease PTSD symptoms and signs. The increase in Npas4 and Bdnf mRNA expression in the hippocampus may be important to develop a weaker traumatic contextual memory after nepicastat treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Martinho
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS/UP), Porto, Portugal.,Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Gabriela Correia
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS/UP), Porto, Portugal.,Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rafaela Seixas
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS/UP), Porto, Portugal.,Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Oliveira
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS/UP), Porto, Portugal.,Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Soraia Silva
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS/UP), Porto, Portugal.,Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Serrão
- Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | - Mónica Moreira-Rodrigues
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS/UP), Porto, Portugal.,Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
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Frankowska M, Surówka P, Suder A, Pieniążek R, Pukło R, Jastrzębska J, Daniel WA, Filip M, Zadrożny-Bujalska M, Kleczkowska P. Treatment with dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) inhibitors prevents morphine use and relapse-like behavior in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1694-1711. [PMID: 34236605 PMCID: PMC8599263 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Opioid use disorders are serious contributors to the harms associated with the drug use. Unfortunately, therapeutic interventions for opioid addicts after detoxification have been limited and not sufficiently effective. Recently, several studies have led to promising results with disulfiram (DSF), a dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) inhibitor, showing that it is a potent agent against not only alcohol but also addiction to various drugs. Materials and methods This study was designed to examine whether DSF and nepicastat (NEP; another DBH inhibitor) modify morphine intake and reinstatement of seeking-behavior using the rat model of intravenous morphine self-administration. Additionally, we intended to estimate the effects of both inhibitors on the locomotor activity as well as on extracellular dopamine and its metabolite levels in the nucleus accumbens using microdialysis in naive rats. Results We demonstrated that both DBH inhibitors reduced responding to morphine self-administration. Moreover, DSF and NEP administered acutely before reinstatement test sessions consistently attenuated the reinforcing effects of morphine and a morphine-associated conditioned cue. The observed effects for lower doses (6.25–25 mg/kg; ip) of both DBH inhibitors seem to be independent of locomotor activity reduction and dopamine level in the nucleus accumbens. Neither DSF nor NEP administered daily during morphine abstinence with extinction training sessions had any effect on active lever-responding and changed the reinstatement induced by morphine priming doses. Reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior induced by a conditioned cue previously associated with morphine delivery was attenuated following repeated administration of DSF or NEP during the abstinence period. Conclusion These results seem to point to the significance of DBH inhibition as a potential pharmacotherapy against morphine use disorders. Graphic abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Frankowska
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Paulina Surówka
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Suder
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Renata Pieniążek
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Renata Pukło
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Jastrzębska
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Władysława A Daniel
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Filip
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zadrożny-Bujalska
- Department of Department of Pharmacodynamics, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1B, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kleczkowska
- Department of Department of Pharmacodynamics, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1B, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.,Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, ul. Kozielska 4, 01-163, Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Miyajima K, Kawamoto C, Hara S, Mori-Kojima M, Ohye T, Sumi-Ichinose C, Saito N, Sasaoka T, Metzger D, Ichinose H. Tyrosine hydroxylase conditional KO mice reveal peripheral tissue-dependent differences in dopamine biosynthetic pathways. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100544. [PMID: 33737022 PMCID: PMC8076703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) exerts well-known functions in the brain as a neurotransmitter. In addition, it plays important physiological roles in peripheral organs, but it is largely unknown how and where peripheral DA is synthesized and regulated. Catecholamines in peripheral tissues are either produced within the tissue itself and/or derived from sympathetic neurons, which release neurotransmitters for uptake by peripheral tissues. To evaluate DA-producing ability of each peripheral tissue, we generated conditional KO mice (cKO mice) in which the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene is ablated in the sympathoadrenal system, thus eliminating sympathetic neurons as a DA source. We then examined the alterations in the noradrenaline (NA), DA, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) contents in peripheral organs and performed immunohistochemical analyses of TH-expressing cells. In the heart and pancreas of cKO mice, both the TH protein and NA levels were significantly decreased, and the DA contents were decreased in parallel with NA contents, indicating that the DA supply originated from sympathetic neurons. We found TH-immunoreactive cells in the stomach and lung, where the TH protein showed a decreasing trend, but the DA levels were not decreased in cKO mice. Moreover, we found a significant correlation between the DA content in the kidney and the plasma DOPA concentration, suggesting that the kidney takes up DOPA from blood to make DA. The aforementioned data unravel differences in the DA biosynthetic pathway among tissues and support the role of sympathetic neurons as a DA supplier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Miyajima
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chiaki Kawamoto
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hara
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masayo Mori-Kojima
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tamae Ohye
- Department of Genetic Counseling, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Chiho Sumi-Ichinose
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nae Saito
- Department of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Center for Bioresource-based Researches, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan; Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshikuni Sasaoka
- Department of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Center for Bioresource-based Researches, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Daniel Metzger
- Université de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, IGBMC, Illkirch, France
| | - Hiroshi Ichinose
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.
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15
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Zhao X, Xu J, Liu C, Zhang D. DFT study of Ni/NHC-catalyzed C–H alkylation of fluoroarenes with alkenes to synthesize fluorotetralins: mechanism, chemoselectivity of C–H vs. C–F bond activation, and regio- and enantioselectivities of C–H bond activation. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01594f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
DFT calculations clarified the mechanism of Ni/NHC-catalyzed C–H alkylation of alkene tethered fluoroarene and rationalized enantio-, regio- and chemoselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhao
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
| | - Jihong Xu
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
| | - Chengbu Liu
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
| | - Dongju Zhang
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
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16
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Dey SK, Saini M, Prabhakar P, Kundu S. Dopamine β hydroxylase as a potential drug target to combat hypertension. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:1043-1057. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1795830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Dey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Camp us , New Delhi, India
| | - Manisha Saini
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Camp us , New Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Prabhakar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Camp us , New Delhi, India
| | - Suman Kundu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Camp us , New Delhi, India
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17
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Li Z, Niu D, Peng M, Xiong Y, Ji J, Dong Z, Li J. Dopamine beta-hydroxylase and its role in regulating the growth and larval metamorphosis in Sinonovacula constricta. Gene 2020; 737:144418. [PMID: 32006597 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DβH) plays a key role in the synthesis of catecholamines (CAs) in the neuroendocrine regulatory network. The DβH gene was identified from the razor clam Sinonovacula constricta and referred to as ScDβH. The ScDβH gene is a copper type II ascorbate-dependent monooxygenase with a DOMON domain and two Cu2_monooxygen domains. ScDβH transcript expression was abundant in liver and hemolymph. During early development, ScDβH expression significantly increased at the umbo larval stage. Furthermore, the inhibitors and siRNA of DβH were screened. After challenge with DβH inhibitor, the larval metamorphosis and survival rates, and juvenile growth were obviously decreased. Under the siRNA stress, the larval metamorphosis and survival rates were also significantly decreased. Therefore, ScDβH may play an important regulating role in larval metamorphosis and juvenile growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources and College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Donghong Niu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources and College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Maoxiao Peng
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources and College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Ya Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources and College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jie Ji
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources and College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhiguo Dong
- Co-innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources and College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai 201306, China.
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18
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Ohkubo N, Aoto M, Kon K, Mitsuda N. Lack of zinc finger protein 521 upregulates dopamine β-hydroxylase expression in the mouse brain, leading to abnormal behavior. Life Sci 2019; 231:116559. [PMID: 31200001 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Previously, we reported that mice deficient in most of the Zfp521 coding region (Zfp521Δ/Δ mice) displayed abnormal behaviors, including hyperlocomotion and lower anxiety. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the involvement and mechanisms of monoamine variation. MAIN METHODS First, we compared the levels of dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA), and serotonin in the brains of Zfp521Δ/Δ and Zfp521+/+ mice using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Next, we elucidated the mechanisms using quantitative PCR and Western Blotting. Additionally, we administered inhibitory drug to the mice and performed behavioral tests. KEY FINDINGS Our results showed that the DA level decreased and the NA level increased in Zfp521Δ/Δ mice. We found that ZFP521 suppresses the expression of dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH), which converts DA into NA. We also demonstrated that paired homeodomain transcription factor 2 and early growth response protein-1, which are the transcription factors for Dbh, were involved in the upregulation of Dbh by ZFP521. The administration of nepicastat, a specific inhibitor of DBH, attenuated the abnormal behaviors of Zfp521Δ/Δ mice. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that the lack of ZFP521 upregulates the expression of DBH, which leads to a decrease in the DA level and an increase in the NA level in the brain, resulting in abnormal behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutaka Ohkubo
- Department of Circulatory Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan..
| | - Mamoru Aoto
- Department of Circulatory Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kon
- Department of Circulatory Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Noriaki Mitsuda
- Department of Circulatory Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
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19
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Cai Y, Ye X, Liu S, Shi S. Nickel/NHC‐Catalyzed Asymmetric C−H Alkylation of Fluoroarenes with Alkenes: Synthesis of Enantioenriched Fluorotetralins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xiaodong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Shi‐Liang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
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20
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Cai Y, Ye X, Liu S, Shi SL. Nickel/NHC-Catalyzed Asymmetric C-H Alkylation of Fluoroarenes with Alkenes: Synthesis of Enantioenriched Fluorotetralins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13433-13437. [PMID: 31301089 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chiral polyfluoroarene derivatives are an important scaffold in chemistry. An unprecedented enantioselective C-H alkylation of polyfluoroarenes with alkenes is described. The reaction employs bulky chiral N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands for nickel catalysts to enable exclusive activation of C-H bonds over C-F bonds and complete endo-selective C-H annulation and excellent enantioselectivity. A wide variety of chiral fluorotetralins, compounds otherwise difficultly accessed but serve as important bioisosteric analogs of both tetralin and heterocycle units for drug design, are expediently synthesized from easily available substrates. To our knowledge, this is the first example of catalytic enantioselective C-H functionalization of polyfluoroarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaodong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shi-Liang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
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21
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Catelas DN, Serrão MP, Soares-Da-Silva P. Effects of nepicastat upon dopamine-β-hydroxylase activity and dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the rat left ventricle, kidney, and adrenal gland. Clin Exp Hypertens 2019; 42:118-125. [PMID: 30821508 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2019.1583245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective: Evaluate the activity of dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DβH) as well as the effect of the DβH inhibitor nepicastat upon enzyme activity and levels of dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) in the rat left ventricle, kidney, and adrenal glands.Methods: DβH assay consisted of the enzymatic hydroxylation of tyramine into octopamine, and DA and NE tissues levels were quantified by HPLC-ED.Results: Nepicastat (30 mg/kg, p.o.) reduced DβH activity by 93% and 80% in the adrenals at 4 h and 8 h postdrug administration, accompanied by significant reductions in NE and epinephrine tissue levels and an increase in DA levels and of DA/NE tissue ratios, with similar findings for NE, DA and of DA/NE tissue ratios in left ventricle and kidney. DβH activity in the left ventricle and kidney showed a high degree of variability, which does not allow corroboration of the effects of nepicastat upon catecholamine tissue levels.Conclusion: The assay of DβH activity in heart and kidney lacks the necessary robustness, but DβH activity in the adrenals appears to be an appropriate marker. However, the effect size upon DA/NE tissue ratios (an indirect measure of DβH activity) as induced by nepicastat was very similar in sympathetically innervated tissues, left ventricle and kidney, and the adrenal medulla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Nóbrega Catelas
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Paula Serrão
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,MedInUP - Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patricio Soares-Da-Silva
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,MedInUP - Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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22
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Effects of zamicastat treatment in a genetic model of salt-sensitive hypertension and heart failure. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 842:125-132. [PMID: 30401628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hyperactivity of sympathetic nervous system plays an important role in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. An approach to mitigate the enhanced sympathetic nervous system drive is restricting the biosynthesis of noradrenaline via inhibition of the enzyme dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH), that catalyzes the hydroxylation of dopamine to noradrenaline in sympathetic nerves. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of zamicastat, a novel DβH inhibitor that decreases noradrenaline and increases dopamine levels in peripheral sympathetically innervated tissues, on the hemodynamic and cardiometabolic parameters in salt-induced hypertension and heart failure in the Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rat. Zamicastat (10, 30 and 100 mg/kg body weight) was tested acutely against salt-induced hypertension in the Dahl SS rat. Chronic zamicastat treatment (30 mg/kg/day) was evaluated against salt-induced cardiac hypertrophy and biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk and inflammation in Dahl SS rats and upon the survival rate in aged Dahl SS rats fed a high-salt diet. The reduction in the sympathetic tone attained with zamicastat shaped a dose- and time-dependent effect on blood pressure. Prolonged treatment with zamicastat ameliorated end-organ damage, metabolic syndrome and inflammation hallmarks in hypertensive Dahl SS rats. Survival rate of Dahl SS rats fed a high-salt diet demonstrated that zamicastat increased median survival of Dahl SS rats fed a high-salt diet. The use of DβH inhibitors, like zamicastat, is a promising approach to treat hypertension, heart failure and cardiovascular diseases where a reduction in the sympathetic tone has beneficial effects.
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23
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Punchaichira TJ, Deshpande SN, Thelma BK. Determination of Dopamine-β-hydroxylase Activity in Human Serum Using UHPLC-PDA Detection. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:2324-2332. [PMID: 30357655 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2653-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH, EC 1.14.17.1) is an enzyme with implications in various neuropsychiatric and cardiovascular diseases and is a known drug target. There is a dearth of cost effective and fast method for estimation of activity of this enzyme. A sensitive UHPLC based method for the estimation of DBH activity in human sera samples based on separation of substrate tyramine from the product octopamine in 3 min is described here. In this newly developed protocol, a Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) sample purification step prior to LC separation, selectively removes interferences from the reaction cocktail with almost no additional burden on analyte recovery. The response was found to be linear with an r2 = 0.999. The coefficient of variation for assay precision was < 10% and recovery > 90%. As a proof of concept, DBH activity in sera from healthy human volunteers (n = 60) and schizophrenia subjects (n = 60) were successfully determined using this method. There was a significant decrease in sera DBH activity in subjects affected by schizophrenia (p < 0.05) as compared to healthy volunteers. This novel assay employing SPE to separate octopamine and tyramine from the cocktail matrix may have implications for categorising subjects into various risk groups for Schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease as well as in high throughput screening of inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Smita Neelkanth Deshpande
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research-Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, Baba Kharak Singh Marg, Connaught Place, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - B K Thelma
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi, South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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24
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de Moura FB, Kohut SJ, Bergman J. Limited modulation of the abuse-related behavioral effects of d-methamphetamine by disulfiram. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2018; 26:497-502. [PMID: 29963872 PMCID: PMC6162099 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Disulfiram (Antabuse), an acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and dopamine-beta hydroxylase inhibitor, has shown promise in preclinical and clinical studies as a pharmacotherapy for cocaine addiction. However, the extent to which disulfiram may alter the abuse-related behavioral effects of related psychostimulants, such as methamphetamine, is unknown. Here, the therapeutic potential of disulfiram was evaluated by examining its impact on the reinforcing and discriminative stimulus effects of d-methamphetamine in adult rhesus monkeys (N = 4 per group). In subjects trained to respond for injections of methamphetamine or food delivery, i.v. methamphetamine (.001-.032 mg/kg) maintained dose-related and stable levels of self-administration in all subjects. Pretreatment with disulfiram (5.6 mg/kg) produced a significant downward shift in the d-methamphetamine dose-response function; surprisingly, lower and higher pretreatment doses (3.0 mg/kg; 10 mg/kg) were ineffective. Also, disulfiram (3-10 mg/kg) did not significantly alter food-maintained responding or, in subjects trained to discriminate the effects of cocaine from vehicle, the ability of d-methamphetamine (.032-.32 mg/kg) to substitute for cocaine. Taken together, the present data reveal dose-dependent effects of disulfiram in modifying some of the abuse-related effects of d-methamphetamine and provides support for future investigations examining the capacity of disulfiram as a treatment for d-methamphetamine abuse. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando B. de Moura
- Preclinical Pharmacology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Stephen J. Kohut
- Preclinical Pharmacology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jack Bergman
- Preclinical Pharmacology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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25
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Park DY, Kim KH, Cheon CH. Enantioselective Synthesis of β-Aminotetralins via Chiral Phosphoric Acid-catalyzed Reductive Amination of β-Tetralones. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Do Young Park
- Department of Chemistry; Korea University; 145 Anam-ro Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Korea University; 145 Anam-ro Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Hong Cheon
- Department of Chemistry; Korea University; 145 Anam-ro Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
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26
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Punchaichira TJ, Dey SK, Mukhopadhyay A, Kundu S, Thelma BK. Characterization of SNPs in the dopamine-β-hydroxylase gene providing new insights into its structure-function relationship. Neurogenetics 2017; 18:155-168. [PMID: 28707163 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-017-0519-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH, EC 1.14.17.1), an oxido-reductase that catalyses the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine, is largely expressed in sympathetic neurons and adrenal medulla. Several regulatory and structural variants in DBH associated with various neuropsychiatric, cardiovascular diseases and a few that may determine enzyme activity have also been identified. Due to paucity of studies on functional characterization of DBH variants, its structure-function relationship is poorly understood. The purpose of the study was to characterize five non-synonymous (ns) variants that were prioritized either based on previous association studies or Sorting Tolerant From Intolerant (SIFT) algorithm. The DBH ORF with wild type (WT) and site-directed mutagenized variants were transfected into HEK293 cells to generate transient and stable lines expressing these variant enzymes. Activity was determined by UPLC-PDA and corresponding quantity by MRMHR on a TripleTOF 5600 MS respectively of spent media from stable cell lines. Homospecific activity computed for the WT and variant proteins showed a marginal decrease in A318S, W544S and R549C variants. In transient cell lines, differential secretion was observed in the case of L317P, W544S and R549C. Secretory defect in L317P was confirmed by localization in ER. R549C exhibited both decreased homospecific activity and differential secretion. Of note, all the variants were seen to be destabilizing based on in silico folding analysis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, lending support to our experimental observations. These novel genotype-phenotype correlations in this gene of considerable pharmacological relevance have implications for dopamine-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanjay Kumar Dey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Anirban Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Suman Kundu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - B K Thelma
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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27
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Pizzano A. Features and Application in Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Phosphine-Phosphite Ligands. CHEM REC 2016; 16:2595-2618. [PMID: 27506574 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chiral phosphine-phosphites are a class of ligands for asymmetric catalysis characterized by two coordinating functionalities with different electronic properties. These ligands also possess a highly modular structure and, due to versatile synthetic processes, they can be tuned precisely in the catalyst optimization process. Research regarding the application of these ligands in several enantioselective catalytic processes has provided outstanding results in a good number of them. These processes include not only Rh catalyzed reactions, such as olefin hydrogenation and hydroformylation, but also other reactions, such as hydrogenation of olefins and imines by Ru complexes, of imines and N-heterocycles by Ir derivatives, allyl alkylation or conjugate addition by Cu catalysts, or hydrocyanation of olefins by Ni ones. Overall, the use of these ligands has led to the preparation of a wide variety of chiral building blocks with high enantiomeric excess. Therefore, phosphine-phosphites have become in an important class of ligands in asymmetric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pizzano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Seville, Spain
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28
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Salomó E, Orgué S, Riera A, Verdaguer X. Highly Enantioselective Iridium-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Cyclic Enamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:7988-92. [PMID: 27186653 PMCID: PMC5084810 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The MaxPHOX-Ir catalyst system provided the highest selectivity ever reported for the reduction of cyclic enamides derived from α- and β-tetralones. This result indicates that iridium catalysts are also proficient in reducing alkenes bearing metal-coordinating groups. In the present system, selectivity was pressure-dependent: In most cases, a decrease in the H2 pressure to 3 bar resulted in an increase in enantioselectivity. Moreover, the process can be carried out in environmentally friendly solvents, such as methanol and ethyl acetate, with no loss of selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Salomó
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Orgué
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Riera
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Xavier Verdaguer
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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29
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Deep sequencing identifies novel regulatory variants in the distal promoter region of the dopamine-β-hydroxylase gene. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2016; 26:311-23. [DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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30
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Salomó E, Orgué S, Riera A, Verdaguer X. Highly Enantioselective Iridium-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Cyclic Enamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Salomó
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Baldiri Reixac 10 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Sílvia Orgué
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Baldiri Reixac 10 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Antoni Riera
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Baldiri Reixac 10 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Química Orgànica; Universitat de Barcelona; Martí i Franquès 1 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Xavier Verdaguer
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Baldiri Reixac 10 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Química Orgànica; Universitat de Barcelona; Martí i Franquès 1 08028 Barcelona Spain
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31
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Gaval-Cruz M, Goertz RB, Puttick DJ, Bowles DE, Meyer RC, Hall RA, Ko D, Paladini CA, Weinshenker D. Chronic loss of noradrenergic tone produces β-arrestin2-mediated cocaine hypersensitivity and alters cellular D2 responses in the nucleus accumbens. Addict Biol 2016; 21:35-48. [PMID: 25123018 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine blocks plasma membrane monoamine transporters and increases extracellular levels of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT). The addictive properties of cocaine are mediated primarily by DA, while NE and 5-HT play modulatory roles. Chronic inhibition of dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH), which converts DA to NE, increases the aversive effects of cocaine and reduces cocaine use in humans, and produces behavioral hypersensitivity to cocaine and D2 agonism in rodents, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. We found a decrease in β-arrestin2 (βArr2) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) following chronic genetic or pharmacological DBH inhibition, and overexpression of βArr2 in the NAc normalized cocaine-induced locomotion in DBH knockout (Dbh -/-) mice. The D2/3 agonist quinpirole decreased excitability in NAc medium spiny neurons (MSNs) from control, but not Dbh -/- animals, where instead there was a trend for an excitatory effect. The Gαi inhibitor NF023 abolished the quinpirole-induced decrease in excitability in control MSNs, but had no effect in Dbh -/- MSNs, whereas the Gαs inhibitor NF449 restored the ability of quinpirole to decrease excitability in Dbh -/- MSNs, but had no effect in control MSNs. These results suggest that chronic loss of noradrenergic tone alters behavioral responses to cocaine via decreases in βArr2 and cellular responses to D2/D3 activation, potentially via changes in D2-like receptor G-protein coupling in NAc MSNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Gaval-Cruz
- Department of Human Genetics; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta GA USA
| | - Richard B. Goertz
- Department of Biology; Neurosciences Institute; University of Texas at San Antonio; San Antonio TX USA
| | - Daniel J. Puttick
- Department of Human Genetics; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta GA USA
| | - Dawn E. Bowles
- Department of Surgery; Duke University School of Medicine; Durham NC USA
| | - Rebecca C. Meyer
- Department of Pharmacology; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta GA USA
| | - Randy A. Hall
- Department of Pharmacology; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta GA USA
| | - Daijin Ko
- Department of Management Science and Statistics; University of Texas at San Antonio; San Antonio TX USA
| | - Carlos A. Paladini
- Department of Biology; Neurosciences Institute; University of Texas at San Antonio; San Antonio TX USA
| | - David Weinshenker
- Department of Human Genetics; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta GA USA
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32
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Devoto P, Fattore L, Antinori S, Saba P, Frau R, Fratta W, Gessa GL. Elevated dopamine in the medial prefrontal cortex suppresses cocaine seeking via D1 receptor overstimulation. Addict Biol 2016; 21:61-71. [PMID: 25135633 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous investigations indicate that the dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH) inhibitors disulfiram and nepicastat suppress cocaine-primed reinstatement of cocaine self-administration behaviour. Moreover, both inhibitors increase dopamine release in the rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and markedly potentiate cocaine-induced dopamine release in this region. This study was aimed to clarify if the suppressant effect of DBH inhibitors on cocaine reinstatement was mediated by the high extracellular dopamine in the rat mPFC leading to a supra-maximal stimulation of D1 receptors in the dorsal division of mPFC, an area critical for reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behaviour. In line with previous microdialysis studies in drug-naïve animals, both DBH inhibitors potentiated cocaine-induced dopamine release in the mPFC, in the same animals in which they also suppressed reinstatement of cocaine seeking. Similar to the DBH inhibitors, L-DOPA potentiated cocaine-induced dopamine release in the mPFC and suppressed cocaine-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behaviour. The bilateral microinfusion of the D1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390 into the dorsal mPFC not only prevented cocaine-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking but also reverted both disulfiram- and L-DOPA-induced suppression of reinstatement. Moreover, the bilateral microinfusion of the D1 receptor agonist chloro-APB (SKF 82958) into the dorsal mPFC markedly attenuated cocaine-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking. These results suggest that stimulation of D1 receptors in the dorsal mPFC plays a crucial role in cocaine-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking, whereas the suppressant effect of DBH inhibitors and L-DOPA on drug-induced reinstatement is mediated by a supra-maximal stimulation of D1 receptors leading to their inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Devoto
- Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Cagliari; Italy
- ‘Guy Everett Laboratory’; University of Cagliari; Italy
- Center of Excellence ‘Neurobiology of Addiction’; University of Cagliari; Italy
| | - Liana Fattore
- Center of Excellence ‘Neurobiology of Addiction’; University of Cagliari; Italy
- Institute of Neuroscience-Cagliari; National Research Council (CNR); Italy
| | - Silvia Antinori
- Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Cagliari; Italy
| | - Pierluigi Saba
- Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Cagliari; Italy
| | - Roberto Frau
- Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Cagliari; Italy
- ‘Guy Everett Laboratory’; University of Cagliari; Italy
| | - Walter Fratta
- Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Cagliari; Italy
- Center of Excellence ‘Neurobiology of Addiction’; University of Cagliari; Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Gessa
- Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Cagliari; Italy
- ‘Guy Everett Laboratory’; University of Cagliari; Italy
- Institute of Neuroscience-Cagliari; National Research Council (CNR); Italy
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Igreja B, Wright LC, Soares-da-Silva P. Sustained high blood pressure reduction with etamicastat, a peripheral selective dopamine β-hydroxylase inhibitor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 10:207-16. [PMID: 26803288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of chronic inhibition of dopamine ß-hydroxylase by etamicastat on the development of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and the sustainability of effects on the systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the SHR and the normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY). WKY and SHR received etamicastat (10 mg/kg/d) from 5 weeks of age for 35 weeks in drinking water, and cardiovascular assessments were performed on a weekly basis. Etamicastat reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure when SHRs reached the age of 16 weeks with mean decreases of 37 and 32 mm Hg, respectively, for the subsequent for 24 weeks of treatment, but did not prevent the increase in blood pressure (BP) aged between 5 and 11 week. The BP lowering effect of etamicastat in SHR was reversible on discontinuation and quickly resumed after reinstatement of therapy and was not accompanied by changes in heart rate. Etamicastat affected neither BP nor heart rate in WKY during 36 weeks of treatment. Etamicastat reduced urinary excretion of norepinephrine to a similar extent in WKY and SHR, accompanied by significant increases in urinary dopamine in SHR. Chronic administration of etamicastat did not adversely affected development of animals. Chronic dopamine ß-hydroxylase inhibition with etamicastat effectively decreases BP, although does not prevent the development of hypertension in the SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Igreja
- Department of Research and Development, BIAL-Portela & C(a), S.A., Portugal
| | - Lyndon C Wright
- Department of Research and Development, BIAL-Portela & C(a), S.A., Portugal
| | - Patricio Soares-da-Silva
- Department of Research and Development, BIAL-Portela & C(a), S.A., Portugal; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal; MedInUP-Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Devoto P, Flore G, Saba P, Frau R, Gessa GL. Selective inhibition of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase enhances dopamine release from noradrenergic terminals in the medial prefrontal cortex. Brain Behav 2015; 5:e00393. [PMID: 26516613 PMCID: PMC4614051 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Disulfiram has been claimed to be useful in cocaine addiction therapy, its efficacy being attributed to dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) inhibition. Our previous results indicate that disulfiram and the selective DBH inhibitor nepicastat increase extracellular dopamine (DA) in the rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and markedly potentiated cocaine-induced increase. Concomitantly, in rats with cocaine self-administration history, cocaine-seeking behavior induced by drug priming was prevented, probably through overstimulation of D1 receptors due to the DA increase. The present research was aimed at studying the neurochemical mechanisms originating the enhanced DA release. METHODS Noradrenergic system ablation was attained by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of the neurotoxin anti-DBH-saporin (aDBH-sap). DA, noradrenaline (NA), and DOPAC were assessed by HPLC after ex vivo tissue extraction or in vivo microdialysis. Control and denervated rats were subjected to microdialysis in the mPFC and caudate nucleus to evaluate the effect of nepicastat-cocaine combination on extracellular DA levels and their regulation by α2-adrenoceptors. RESULTS Fifteen days after neurotoxin or its vehicle administration, tissue and extracellular NA were reduced to less than 2% the control value, while extracellular DA was increased by approximately 100%. In control rats, nepicastat given alone and in combination with cocaine increased extracellular DA by about 250% and 1100%, respectively. In denervated rats, nepicastat slightly affected extracellular DA, while in combination with cocaine increased extracellular DA by 250%. No differences were found in the caudate nucleus. Clonidine almost totally reversed the extracellular DA elevation produced by nepicastat-cocaine combination, while it was ineffective in denervated rats. CONCLUSIONS This research shows that the increase of extracellular DA produced by nepicastat alone or in combination with cocaine was prevented by noradrenergic denervation. The results indicate that nepicastat enhances DA release from noradrenergic terminals supposedly by removing NA from α2-autoreceptors. In addition to the inhibition of DA uptake, the latter mechanism may explain the synergistic effect of cocaine on nepicastat-induced DA release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Devoto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy ; "Guy Everett Laboratory" University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy ; Center of Excellence "Neurobiology of Addiction" University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy
| | - Giovanna Flore
- Department of Medical Sciences University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy
| | - Pierluigi Saba
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy
| | - Roberto Frau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy ; "Guy Everett Laboratory" University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy
| | - Gian L Gessa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy ; "Guy Everett Laboratory" University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy ; National Research Council CNR, Institute of Neuroscience Cagliari Italy
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Rocha JF, Vaz-Da-Silva M, Nunes T, Igreja B, Loureiro AI, Bonifácio MJ, Wright LC, Falcão A, Almeida L, Soares-Da-Silva P. Single-dose tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of etamicastat (BIA 5-453), a new dopamine β-hydroxylase inhibitor, in healthy subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 52:156-70. [PMID: 21343348 DOI: 10.1177/0091270010390805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of etamicastat (BIA 5-453), a novel dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH) inhibitor, were investigated in 10 sequential groups of 8 healthy male subjects under a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled design. In each group, 6 subjects received a single dose of etamicastat (2, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 900, or 1200 mg) and 2 subjects received placebo. Etamicastat was well tolerated at all dose levels tested. Maximum plasma etamicastat concentrations occurred at 1 to 3 hours postdose. Elimination was biphasic, characterized by a first short early elimination half-life followed by a longer elimination phase of 16 to 20 hours for etamicastat doses of 100 mg and above. A high interindividual variability of pharmacokinetic parameters of etamicastat and its acetylated metabolite was observed. Pharmacogenomic data showed that N-acetyltransferase type 2 (NAT2) phenotype (rapid or slow N-acetylating ability) was a major source of variability. In NAT2 poor acetylators, the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to the last sampling time at which concentrations were at or above the limit of quantification (AUC0-t ) of etamicastat was twice that observed in rapid acetylators. Consistent with that finding, AUC0-t of the acetylated metabolite was markedly higher in NAT2 rapid acetylators compared with poor acetylators. Inhibition of DβH activity was observed, reaching statistical significance for etamicastat doses of 100 mg and above.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco Rocha
- Department of Research and Development, BIAL-Portela & Co, Sao Mamede do Coronado, Portugal4Health Ltd, Cantanhede, PortugalHealth Sciences Section, University of Aveiro, PortugalInstitute of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
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Colombo G, Maccioni P, Vargiolu D, Loi B, Lobina C, Zaru A, Carai MAM, Gessa GL. The dopamine β-hydroxylase inhibitor, nepicastat, reduces different alcohol-related behaviors in rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 38:2345-53. [PMID: 25257286 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent experimental data indicate that treatment with the selective dopamine β-hydroxylase inhibitor, nepicastat, suppressed different reward-related behaviors, including self-administration of chocolate and reinstatement of cocaine and chocolate seeking, in rats. This study was designed to extend to different alcohol-related behaviors the investigation on the "anti-addictive" properties of nepicastat. METHODS Sardinian alcohol-preferring (sP) rats, selectively bred for excessive alcohol consumption, were exposed to different procedures of alcohol drinking and self-administration. RESULTS Repeated treatment with nepicastat (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally [i.p.], once daily for 10 consecutive days) produced a stable and dose-related reduction in daily alcohol intake in sP rats exposed to the homecage 2-bottle "alcohol (10% v/v) versus water" choice regimen with unlimited access. Acute treatment with nepicastat (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) completely suppressed the "alcohol deprivation effect" (i.e., the temporary increase in alcohol intake occurring after a period of abstinence; model of alcohol relapse episodes) in sP rats exposed to the 2-bottle choice regimen. Acute treatment with nepicastat (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) dose dependently and selectively reduced oral alcohol self-administration in sP rats trained to lever respond for alcohol (15% v/v) on a fixed ratio 4 schedule of reinforcement. Finally, combination of nepicastat (0, 50, and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) and alcohol (2 g/kg, intragastrically) did not alter spontaneous locomotor activity in sP rats. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data extend to alcohol the capacity of nepicastat to suppress different behaviors motivated by natural stimuli and drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Colombo
- Section of Cagliari, Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Monserrato (CA), Italy
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Evaluation of the dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH) inhibitor nepicastat in participants who meet criteria for cocaine use disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 59:40-48. [PMID: 25602710 PMCID: PMC4777897 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the potent and selective dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DβH) inhibitor nepicastat would have minimal effects on cardiovascular and pharmacokinetic parameters associated with cocaine administration and would reduce the positive subjective effects produced by cocaine. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, inpatient study of oral nepicastat (0, 80 and 160mg) concurrent with intravenous (IV) cocaine (0, 10, 20 and 40mg) in non-treatment seeking participants who metcriteria for cocaine use disorder. Safety analyses revealed that nepicastat was well-tolerated and there were no differences in adverse events observed after nepicastat plus cocaine vs. cocaine alone. In addition, the pharmacokinetic properties of cocaine administration were not altered by nepicastat treatment. Cocaine-induced cardiovascular and subjective effects were evaluated for completers in the cohort randomized to nepicastat (n=13) using a within-subjects statistical analysis strategy. Specifically, the cardiovascular and subjective effects of cocaine were assessed in the presence of placebo (0mg), 80mg of nepicastat or 160mg of nepicastat on study Days 4, 8 and 12, respectively. Analyses revealed a main effect of nepicastat to reduce several cocaine-induced positive subjective effects. Taken together, these data indicate that nepicastat is safe when co-administered with cocaine and may suppress its positive subjective effects, and may be viable as a pharmacotherapy for treatment of cocaine use disorder.
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Loureiro AI, Bonifácio MJ, Fernandes-Lopes C, Pires N, Igreja B, Wright LC, Soares-da-Silva P. Role of P-glycoprotein and permeability upon the brain distribution and pharmacodynamics of etamicastat: a comparison with nepicastat. Xenobiotica 2015; 45:828-39. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1018985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Pires NM, Igreja B, Moura E, Wright LC, Serrão MP, Soares-da-Silva P. Blood pressure decrease in spontaneously hypertensive rats folowing renal denervation or dopamine β-hydroxylase inhibition with etamicastat. Hypertens Res 2015; 38:605-12. [PMID: 25854989 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2015.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system has an important role in the development and progression of arterial hypertension. Catheter-based renal nerve ablation for the treatment of drug-resistant hypertension has recently been developed. An alternative strategy for the modulation of sympathetic nerve function is to reduce the biosynthesis of noradrenaline (NA) by inhibiting dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH), the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of dopamine (DA) to NA in the sympathetic nerves. Renal denervation (RDN) surgery was performed in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) to evaluate the effect of RDN on the DA and NA levels and on blood pressure over a 28-day period. The selective peripheral DβH inhibitor etamicastat (30 mg kg (-1)day(-1)) was administered to another cohort of SHR. RDN and etamicastat treatment had no effect on the renal function, as assessed by measuring the water balance response, renal function and urinary electrolyte levels. RDN significantly decreased the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the diastolic blood pressure (DBP). A gradual return of the SBP and the DBP to the high baseline levels was observed over time. Conversely, treatment with etamicastat resulted in a significant decrease in the SBP and the DBP at all time points. On the last day of the assessment, NA levels in renal tissue were significantly decreased in both RDN and etamicastat-treated groups. In contrast, the NA levels in the left ventricle were decreased only in the etamicastat-treated group. Thus, RDN produces transitory decreases in blood pressure, whereas prolonged downregulation of sympathetic drive with the DβH inhibitor etamicastat results in a sustained decrease in the SBP and the DBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Miguel Pires
- Department of Research & Development, BIAL-Portela & Ca, S.A., S. Mamede do Coronado, Portugal
| | - Bruno Igreja
- Department of Research & Development, BIAL-Portela & Ca, S.A., S. Mamede do Coronado, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Moura
- Department of Research & Development, BIAL-Portela & Ca, S.A., S. Mamede do Coronado, Portugal
| | | | - Maria Paula Serrão
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,MedInUP - Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrício Soares-da-Silva
- Department of Research & Development, BIAL-Portela & Ca, S.A., S. Mamede do Coronado, Portugal.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,MedInUP - Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Bonifácio MJ, Sousa F, Neves M, Palma N, Igreja B, Pires NM, Wright LC, Soares-da-Silva P. Characterization of the interaction of the novel antihypertensive etamicastat with human dopamine-β-hydroxylase: Comparison with nepicastat. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 751:50-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Examining the utility of using genotype and functional biology in a clinical pharmacology trial: pilot testing dopamine β-hydroxylase, norepinephrine, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychiatr Genet 2015; 24:181-2. [PMID: 24983834 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Igreja B, Pires NM, Bonifácio MJ, Loureiro AI, Fernandes-Lopes C, Wright LC, Soares-da-Silva P. Blood pressure-decreasing effect of etamicastat alone and in combination with antihypertensive drugs in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Hypertens Res 2014; 38:30-8. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2014.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Devoto P, Flore G, Saba P, Bini V, Gessa GL. The dopamine beta-hydroxylase inhibitor nepicastat increases dopamine release and potentiates psychostimulant-induced dopamine release in the prefrontal cortex. Addict Biol 2014; 19:612-22. [PMID: 23289939 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibitor nepicastat has been shown to reproduce disulfiram ability to suppress the reinstatement of cocaine seeking after extinction in rats. To clarify its mechanism of action, we examined the effect of nepicastat, given alone or in association with cocaine or amphetamine, on catecholamine release in the medial prefrontal cortex and the nucleus accumbens, two key regions involved in the reinforcing and motivational effects of cocaine and in the reinstatement of cocaine seeking. Nepicastat effect on catecholamines was evaluated by microdialysis in freely moving rats. Nepicastat reduced noradrenaline release both in the medial prefrontal cortex and in the nucleus accumbens, and increased dopamine release in the medial prefrontal cortex but not in the nucleus accumbens. Moreover, nepicastat markedly potentiated cocaine- and amphetamine-induced extracellular dopamine accumulation in the medial prefrontal cortex but not in the nucleus accumbens. Extracellular dopamine accumulation produced by nepicastat alone or by its combination with cocaine or amphetamine was suppressed by the α2 -adrenoceptor agonist clonidine. It is suggested that nepicastat, by suppressing noradrenaline synthesis and release, eliminated the α2 -adrenoceptor mediated inhibitory mechanism that constrains dopamine release and cocaine- and amphetamine-induced dopamine release from noradrenaline or dopamine terminals in the medial prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Devoto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology Division; University of Cagliari; Italy
- Center of Excellence ‘Neurobiology of Addiction’; University of Cagliari; Italy
- ‘Guy Everett Laboratory’; University of Cagliari; Italy
| | - Giovanna Flore
- Department of Medical Sciences ‘M. Aresu’; University of Cagliari; Italy
| | - Pierluigi Saba
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology Division; University of Cagliari; Italy
| | - Valentina Bini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology Division; University of Cagliari; Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Gessa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology Division; University of Cagliari; Italy
- Center of Excellence ‘Neurobiology of Addiction’; University of Cagliari; Italy
- ‘Guy Everett Laboratory’; University of Cagliari; Italy
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Kim JH, Lawrence AJ. Drugs currently in Phase II clinical trials for cocaine addiction. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2014; 23:1105-22. [PMID: 24773297 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2014.915312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are no FDA-approved pharmacotherapies for treating cocaine addiction; thus, developing drugs to treat cocaine dependence is an unmet critical need. Fortunately, there are a number of drugs that are currently in Phase II clinical trial/s. This is due in part to the advances from in vivo imaging in humans which provided a roadmap of the neurochemistry of the cocaine-dependent brain. Most drugs currently in Phase II clinical trials attempt to modulate the disturbed neurochemistry in cocaine dependents to resemble those of healthy individuals. These predominantly modulate dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, GABA or noradrenaline signalling. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the therapeutic potential of each drug as evidenced by clinical and preclinical studies. It also discusses their utility in terms of bioavailability and half-life. EXPERT OPINION Amphetamine salts and topiramate clearly stand out in terms of their potential efficacy in treating cocaine addiction. The efficacy of topiramate was closely associated with regular cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), which highlights the importance of a combined effort to promote abstinence and enhance retention via CBT. Cognitive/psychological screening appears necessary for a more symptom-based approach with more reasonable outcomes other than abstinence (e.g., improved quality of life) in treating cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hyun Kim
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Behavioural Neuroscience Division , Parkville, VIC 3052 , Australia
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Schottenfeld RS, Chawarski MC, Cubells JF, George TP, Lappalainen J, Kosten TR. Randomized clinical trial of disulfiram for cocaine dependence or abuse during buprenorphine treatment. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 136:36-42. [PMID: 24462581 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disulfiram may be efficacious for treating cocaine dependence or abuse, possibly through inhibiting dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH). Consequently, this randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of disulfiram during buprenorphine maintenance treatment evaluated the study hypothesis that disulfiram is superior to placebo and explored whether disulfiram response is greatest for participants with a single nucleotide polymorphism coding for genetically low DβH (T-allele carriers). METHODS We randomized 177 buprenorphine-treated opioid dependent participants with cocaine dependence or abuse to 12 weeks of double-blind treatment with disulfiram 250mg daily (n=91) or placebo (n=86). Of 155 participants genotyped, 84 were CC-homozygous, and 71 CT or TT genotypes. Primary outcomes included days per week cocaine use, number of cocaine-negative urine tests, and maximum consecutive weeks of cocaine abstinence. We analyzed an intention-to-treat comparison between disulfiram and placebo. We also explored potential pharmacogenetic interactions and examined treatment responses of four participant groups based on medication (disulfiram or placebo) by genotype (CC-homozygous or T-allele carrier) classification. RESULTS Disulfiram participants reported significantly less frequent cocaine use; the differences in cocaine-negative urine tests or consecutive weeks abstinence were not significant. Frequency of cocaine use was lowest in disulfiram-treated T-allele carriers; differences in cocaine-negative urine tests or consecutive weeks abstinence were not significant among the four medication-genotype groups. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide limited support for the efficacy of disulfiram for reducing cocaine use and suggest that its mechanism of action may involve inhibition of DβH. Further studies of its efficacy, mechanism of action, and pharmacogenetics of response are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Schottenfeld
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - Marek C Chawarski
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Joseph F Cubells
- Departments of Genetics and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Tony P George
- Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Canada
| | - Jaakko Lappalainen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Thomas R Kosten
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, United States
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Alexander SPH, Benson HE, Faccenda E, Pawson AJ, Sharman JL, Spedding M, Peters JA, Harmar AJ. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14: enzymes. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 170:1797-867. [PMID: 24528243 PMCID: PMC3892293 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14 provides concise overviews of the key properties of over 2000 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. The full contents can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12444/full. Enzymes are one of the seven major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being G protein-coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channels, ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. A new landscape format has easy to use tables comparing related targets. It is a condensed version of material contemporary to late 2013, which is presented in greater detail and constantly updated on the website www.guidetopharmacology.org, superseding data presented in previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in conjunction with NC-IUPHAR and provides the official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate. It consolidates information previously curated and displayed separately in IUPHAR-DB and the Guide to Receptors and Channels, providing a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen PH Alexander
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical SchoolNottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Helen E Benson
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Elena Faccenda
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Adam J Pawson
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Joanna L Sharman
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | | | - John A Peters
- Neuroscience Division, Medical Education Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of DundeeDundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Anthony J Harmar
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
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Etamicastat, a Novel Dopamine β-Hydroxylase Inhibitor: Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics in Patients With Hypertension. Clin Ther 2013; 35:1983-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Shorter D, Nielsen DA, Huang W, Harding MJ, Hamon SC, Kosten TR. Pharmacogenetic randomized trial for cocaine abuse: disulfiram and α1A-adrenoceptor gene variation. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 23:1401-7. [PMID: 23849431 PMCID: PMC3818518 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Disulfiram is a cocaine addiction pharmacotherapy that inhibits dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH) and reduces norepinephrine production. We examined whether a functional variant of the ADRA1A gene (Cys to Arg at codon 347 in exon 2, Cys347Arg) may enhance treatment response through decreased stimulation of this α1A-adrenoceptor, since antagonists of this receptor show promise in reducing cocaine use. Sixty-nine cocaine and opioid co-dependent (DSM-IV) subjects were stabilized on methadone for two weeks and subsequently randomized into disulfiram (250 mg/day, N=32) and placebo groups (N=37) for 10 weeks. We genotyped the ADRA1A gene polymorphism (rs1048101) and evaluated its role for increasing cocaine free urines in those subjects treated with disulfiram using repeated measures analysis of variance, corrected for population structure. The 47 patients who carried at least one T allele of rs1048101 (TT or TC genotype) reduced their cocaine positive urines from 84% to 56% on disulfiram (p=0.0001), while the 22 patients with the major allele CC genotype showed no disulfiram effect. This study indicates that a patient's ADRA1A genotype could be used to identify a subset of individuals for which disulfiram and, perhaps, other α1-adrenoceptor blockers may be an effective pharmacotherapy for cocaine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Shorter
- Michael E. DeBakey V.A. Medical Center (MEDVAMC), Houston, TX, USA; Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Manvich DF, DePoy LM, Weinshenker D. Dopamine β-hydroxylase inhibitors enhance the discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 347:564-73. [PMID: 24068832 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.207746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH), the enzyme that converts dopamine (DA) to norepinephrine (NE) in noradrenergic cells, have shown promise for the treatment of cocaine abuse disorders. However, the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of these compounds have not been fully elucidated. We used the drug discrimination paradigm to determine the impact of DBH inhibitors on the interoceptive stimulus properties of cocaine. Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to discriminate cocaine (5.6 mg/kg) from saline using a multicomponent, food-reinforced discrimination procedure. On test days, subjects were pretreated with the nonselective DBH inhibitor disulfiram (0-100.0 mg/kg i.p.) or the selective DBH inhibitor nepicastat (0-56.0 mg/kg i.p.) 2 hours prior to a test session either alone or in combination with cumulatively administered cocaine (0-5.6 mg/kg i.p.). Neither disulfiram nor nepicastat substituted for the cocaine stimulus when tested up to doses that nonspecifically reduced responding. However, in combination studies, pretreatment with either disulfiram or nepicastat produced leftward shifts in the cocaine dose-response function and also conferred cocaine-like stimulus effects to the selective NE transporter inhibitor, reboxetine (0.3-5.6 mg/kg i.p.). These results indicate that pharmacological inhibition of DBH does not produce cocaine-like interoceptive stimulus effects alone, but functionally enhances the interoceptive stimulus effects of cocaine, possibly due to facilitated increases in DA released from noradrenergic terminals. These findings suggest that DBH inhibitors have low abuse liability and provide support to clinical reports that some subjective effects produced by cocaine, particularly aversive effects, are enhanced after DBH inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Manvich
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (D.F.M., D.W.); and Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (L.M.D.)
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Redondo-Castro E, Romero R, Torres-Espín A, Utrera J, Duque D, Junyent F, Auladell C. Dithiocarb (N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate, DEDTC) decreases levels of biogenic monoamines in the adult mouse brain. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2013; 40:747-58. [PMID: 24033405 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Dithiocarb (diethyldithiocarbamate, DEDTC) belongs to the group of dithiocarbamates and is the main metabolite of disulphiram, a drug of choice for the treatment of alcohol dependence. Its therapeutic potential relays on its ability to create an unpleasant aversive reaction following the ingestion of alcohol, and this effect is usually accompanied by neurobehavioural symptoms. Most of these can be attributed to the impaired metabolism of brain biogenic amines. METHODS To gain new insights into the dithiocarbamates and their effects on neurotransmitter systems, an in vivo experimental model based on daily injections of DEDTC in adult mice for 7 days was established. To this end, the concentrations of the three major brain monoamines, dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA) and serotonin (5-HT) were measured in whole brain extracts with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The levels of D2 dopamine receptor (D2R) were evaluated by Western blot and by immunohistochemical techniques the cell pattern of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopa beta hydroxylase (DBH) and choline acetyltransferase ChAT) were analysed. RESULTS A significant reduction in DA and 5-HT levels was observed, whereas NA was not affected. Moreover, decreases in D2R levels, as well as in enzymes such as TH, DBH and ChAT, were found. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that DEDTC provokes alterations in biogenic amines and in different substrates of neurotransmitter systems, which could explain some of the neurobehavioural effects observed in patients treated with disulphiram.
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