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Layhadi JA, Moya R, Tan TJ, Lenormand MM, Sharif H, Parkin RV, Vila-Nadal G, Fedina O, Zhu R, Laisuan W, Durham SR, Carnés J, Shamji MH. Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies precise tolerogenic cellular and molecular pathways induced by depigmented-polymerized grass pollen allergen extract. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:1357-1370.e9. [PMID: 36649758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunologic mechanism of action of allergoids remains poorly understood. Previous models of allergenicity and immunogenicity have yielded suboptimal knowledge of these immunotherapeutic vaccine products. Novel single-cell RNA sequencing technology offers a bridge to this gap in knowledge. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify the underpinning tolerogenic molecular and cellular mechanisms of depigmented-polymerized Phleum pratense (Phl p) extract. METHODS The molecular mechanisms underlying native Phl p, depigmented Phl p (DPG-Phl p), and depigmented-polymerized (DPG-POL-Phl p) allergoid were investigated by single-cell RNA sequencing. Allergen-specific TH2A, T follicular helper (Tfh), and IL-10+ regulatory B cells were quantified by flow cytometry in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 16 grass pollen-allergic and 8 nonatopic control subjects. The ability of Phl p, DPG-Phl p, and DPG-POL-Phl p to elicit FcεRI- and FcεRII-mediated IgE responses was measured by basophil activation test and IgE-facilitated allergen binding assay. RESULTS Analysis revealed that DPG-POL-Phl p downregulated genes associated with TH2 signaling, induced functional regulatory T cells exhibiting immunosuppressive roles through CD52 and Siglec-10, modulated genes encoding immunoproteasome that dysregulate the processing and presentation of antigens to T cells and promoted a shift from IgE toward an IgA1 and IgG responses. In grass pollen-allergic subjects, DPG-POL-Phl p exhibited reduced capacity to elicit proliferation of TH2A, IL-4+ Tfh and IL-21+ Tfh cells while being the most prominent at inducing IL-10+CD19+CD5hi and IL-10+CD19+CD5hiCD38intCD24int regulatory B-cell subsets compared to Phl p (all P < .05). Furthermore, DPG-POL-Phl p demonstrated a hypoallergenic profile through basophil activation and histamine release compared to Phl p (31.54-fold, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Single-cell RNA sequencing provides an in-depth resolution of the mechanisms underlying the tolerogenic profile of DPG-POL-Phl p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice A Layhadi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Raquel Moya
- R&D Allergy & Immunology Unit, LETI Pharma SL, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tiak Ju Tan
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Madison M Lenormand
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hanisah Sharif
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
| | - Rebecca V Parkin
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Vila-Nadal
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oleksandra Fedina
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rongfei Zhu
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wannada Laisuan
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen R Durham
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jerónimo Carnés
- R&D Allergy & Immunology Unit, LETI Pharma SL, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mohamed H Shamji
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Cogno N, Bauer R, Durante M. An Agent-Based Model of Radiation-Induced Lung Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213920. [PMID: 36430398 PMCID: PMC9693125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Early- and late-phase radiation-induced lung injuries, namely pneumonitis and lung fibrosis (RILF), severely constrain the maximum dose and irradiated volume in thoracic radiotherapy. As the most radiosensitive targets, epithelial cells respond to radiation either by undergoing apoptosis or switching to a senescent phenotype that triggers the immune system and damages surrounding healthy cells. Unresolved inflammation stimulates mesenchymal cells' proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion, which irreversibly stiffens the alveolar walls and leads to respiratory failure. Although a thorough understanding is lacking, RILF and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis share multiple pathways and would mutually benefit from further insights into disease progression. Furthermore, current normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models rely on clinical experience to set tolerance doses for organs at risk and leave aside mechanistic interpretations of the undergoing processes. To these aims, we implemented a 3D agent-based model (ABM) of an alveolar duct that simulates cell dynamics and substance diffusion following radiation injury. Emphasis was placed on cell repopulation, senescent clearance, and intra/inter-alveolar bystander senescence while tracking ECM deposition. Our ABM successfully replicates early and late fibrotic response patterns reported in the literature along with the ECM sigmoidal dose-response curve. Moreover, surrogate measures of RILF severity via a custom indicator show qualitative agreement with published fibrosis indices. Finally, our ABM provides a fully mechanistic alveolar survival curve highlighting the need to include bystander damage in lung NTCP models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Cogno
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Roman Bauer
- Department of Computer Science, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Marco Durante
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
- Correspondence: or
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Zheng J, Wu Q, Zhang L, Zou Y, Wang M, He L, Guo S. Anti-inflammatory activities of Qingfei oral liquid and its influence on respiratory microbiota in mice with ovalbumin-induced asthma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:911667. [PMID: 36081945 PMCID: PMC9445488 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.911667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis of respiratory microbiota is closely related to the pathophysiological processes of asthma, including airway inflammation. Previous studies have shown that Qingfei oral liquid (QF) can alleviate airway inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness in respiratory syncytial virus-infected asthmatic mice, but its effect on the respiratory microbiota is unknown. We therefore aimed to observe the effects of QF on airway inflammation and respiratory microbiota in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic mice. We also explored the potential mechanism of QF in reducing airway inflammation by regulating respiratory microbiota. Hematoxylin and eosin as well as periodic acid-Schiff staining were performed to observe the effects of QF on lung pathology in asthmatic mice. Cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) specimens were also measured. Changes in respiratory microbiota were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, followed by taxonomical analysis. In order to verify the metagenomic function prediction results, the expression of key proteins related to the MAPK and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways in the lung tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. The current study found that QF had a significant anti-inflammatory effect in the airways of asthmatic mice. This is mainly attributed to a reduction in lung pathology changes and regulating cytokine levels in BALF. Analysis of the respiratory microbiota in asthmatic mice showed that the abundance of Proteobacteria at the phylum level and Pseudomonas at the genus level increased significantly and QF could significantly regulate the dysbiosis of respiratory microbiota in asthmatic mice. Metagenomic functional prediction showed that QF can downregulate the MAPK and Nod-like receptor signaling pathways. Immunohistochemical results showed that QF could downregulate the expression of p-JNK, p-P38, NLRP3, Caspase-1, and IL-1β, which are all key proteins in the signaling pathway of lung tissue. Our study therefore concluded that QF may reduce airway inflammation in asthmatic mice by regulating respiratory microbiota, and to the possibly downregulate MAPK and Nod-like receptor signaling pathways as its underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Zou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meifen Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanmen People’s Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Li He, ; Sheng Guo,
| | - Sheng Guo
- Department of Endocrine, Genetics and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Li He, ; Sheng Guo,
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Salmin VV, Morgun AV, Olovyannikova RY, Kutyakov VA, Lychkovskaya EV, Brusina EB, Salmina AB. Atmospheric Reactive Oxygen Species and Some Aspects of the Antiviral Protection at the Respiratory Epithelium. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW), SUPPLEMENT SERIES B: BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2022; 16:79-90. [PMID: 35601461 PMCID: PMC9113385 DOI: 10.1134/s1990750822020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. V. Salmin
- Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, ul. Partizana Zheleznyaka 1, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - A. V. Morgun
- Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, ul. Partizana Zheleznyaka 1, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - R. Ya. Olovyannikova
- Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, ul. Partizana Zheleznyaka 1, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - V. A. Kutyakov
- Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, ul. Partizana Zheleznyaka 1, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - E. V. Lychkovskaya
- Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, ul. Partizana Zheleznyaka 1, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - E. B. Brusina
- Kemerovo State Medical University, ul. Voroshilova 22A, 650056 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - A. B. Salmina
- Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, ul. Partizana Zheleznyaka 1, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoe shosse 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia
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Salmin VV, Morgun AV, Olovyannikova RY, Kutyakov VA, Lychkovskaya EV, Brusina EB, Salmina AB. [Atmospheric reactive oxygen species and some aspects of the antiviral protection of the respiratory epithelium]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2021; 67:383-393. [PMID: 34730551 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20216705383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The review focuses on molecular and biochemical mechanisms of nonspecific protection of respiratory epithelium. The authors provide a comprehensive analysis of up-to-date data on the activity of the lactoperoxidase system expressed on the surface of the respiratory epithelium which provides the generation of hypothiocyanate and hypoiodite in the presence of locally produced or inhaled hydrogen peroxide. Molecular mechanisms of production of active compounds with antiviral and antibacterial effects, expression profiles of enzymes, transporters and ion channels involved in the generation of hypothiocyanite and hypoiodate in the mucous membrane of the respiratory system in physiological and pathological conditions (inflammation) are discussed. In the context of antibacterial and antiviral defense special attention is paid to recent data confirming the effects of atmospheric air composition on the efficiency of hypothiocyanite and hypoiodate synthesis in the respiratory epithelium. The causes and outcomes of lactoperoxidase system impairment due to the action of atmospheric factors are discussed in the context of controlling the sensitivity of the epithelium to the action of bacterial agents and viruses. Restoration of the lactoperoxidase system activity can be achieved by application of pharmacological agents aimed to compensate for the lack of halides in tissues, and by the control of chemical composition of the inhaled air.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Salmin
- Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - A V Morgun
- Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - R Ya Olovyannikova
- Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - V A Kutyakov
- Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - E V Lychkovskaya
- Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - E B Brusina
- Kemerovo State Medical University, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - A B Salmina
- Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia; Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
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Jungraithmayr W, Yamada Y, Haberecker M, Breuer E, Schuurmans M, Dubs L, Itani S, Janker F, Weder W, Schmitt-Opitz I, Jang JH. CD26 as a target against fibrous formation in chronic airway rejection lesions. Life Sci 2021; 278:119496. [PMID: 33894269 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) after lung transplantation (Tx) is the clinical result of chronic airway rejection lesions (CARL), histomorphologically described as either obliterative remodeling of small airways or alveolar fibroelastosis, or as a combination of both. We here investigated the CD26-inhibitory effect on CD26-expressing CARL. MAIN METHODS CARL were induced by BALB/c → C57BL/6 mouse Tx under mild immunosuppression. CARL-related pro-fibrotic mediators were determined by RT-qPCR and western blotting (WB), EMT and ERK markers by WB. CD26 co-expression by immunofluorescence. CD26 was inhibited by Vildagliptin, gene depleted by CD26-/- mice. Primary lung fibroblasts were employed for ex vivo analyses. Samples from lung transplant patients with CLAD were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. KEY FINDINGS CARL revealed a significantly higher expression of profibrotic proteins vs. normal lungs (p < 0.05). CD26 and EMT co-expressed in CARL with significantly higher Vimentin, Slug, Hif-1α, α-SMA expression vs. normal lungs (p < 0.05). Vildagliptin decreased the expression of α-SMA and N-cadherin in wild type (WT) lung fibroblasts (p < 0.05). Primary lung fibroblasts from WT and CD26-/- mice treated with TGF-β1, IFN-γ, and FGF showed a reduction of EMT protein expression, proliferation, and reduced activation of ERK in CD26-/- mice vs. WT mice. CD26-positive cells were found in patient samples with CLAD in areas of loose fibrosis, but not in areas of dense fibrosis. SIGNIFICANCE CD26 is expressed in CARL-developing lung transplants and CD26-inhibition downregulates fibrosis-forming mediators and fibroblast proliferation. CD26 thus qualifies as a target to attenuate the development of CARL mainly via modulation of ERK and the EMT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Jungraithmayr
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Yoshito Yamada
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Martina Haberecker
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eva Breuer
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Macé Schuurmans
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Linus Dubs
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Saria Itani
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Janker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walter Weder
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Jae-Hwi Jang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Schlaak RA, Frei A, Fish BL, Harmann L, Gasperetti T, Pipke JL, Sun Y, Rui H, Flister MJ, Gantner BN, Bergom C. Acquired Immunity Is Not Essential for Radiation-Induced Heart Dysfunction but Exerts a Complex Impact on Injury. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E983. [PMID: 32316187 PMCID: PMC7226421 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While radiation therapy (RT) can improve cancer outcomes, it can lead to radiation-induced heart dysfunction (RIHD) in patients with thoracic tumors. This study examines the role of adaptive immune cells in RIHD. In Salt-Sensitive (SS) rats, image-guided whole-heart RT increased cardiac T-cell infiltration. We analyzed the functional requirement for these cells in RIHD using a genetic model of T- and B-cell deficiency (interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain knockout (IL2RG-/-)) and observed a complex role for these cells. Surprisingly, while IL2RG deficiency conferred protection from cardiac hypertrophy, it worsened heart function via echocardiogram three months after a large single RT dose, including increased end-systolic volume (ESV) and reduced ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) (p < 0.05). Fractionated RT, however, did not yield similarly increased injury. Our results indicate that T cells are not uniformly required for RIHD in this model, nor do they account for our previously reported differences in cardiac RT sensitivity between SS and SS.BN3 rats. The increasing use of immunotherapies in conjunction with traditional cancer treatments demands better models to study the interactions between immunity and RT for effective therapy. We present a model that reveals complex roles for adaptive immune cells in cardiac injury that vary depending on clinically relevant factors, including RT dose/fractionation, sex, and genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Schlaak
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
| | - Anne Frei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (A.F.); (B.L.F.); (T.G.); (J.L.P.)
| | - Brian L. Fish
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (A.F.); (B.L.F.); (T.G.); (J.L.P.)
| | - Leanne Harmann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI 53226, USA;
| | - Tracy Gasperetti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (A.F.); (B.L.F.); (T.G.); (J.L.P.)
| | - Jamie L. Pipke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (A.F.); (B.L.F.); (T.G.); (J.L.P.)
| | - Yunguang Sun
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (Y.S.); (H.R.)
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (M.J.F.); (B.N.G.)
| | - Hallgeir Rui
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (Y.S.); (H.R.)
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (M.J.F.); (B.N.G.)
| | - Michael J. Flister
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (M.J.F.); (B.N.G.)
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Benjamin N. Gantner
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (M.J.F.); (B.N.G.)
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Carmen Bergom
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (A.F.); (B.L.F.); (T.G.); (J.L.P.)
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (M.J.F.); (B.N.G.)
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Wei X, Zhang Y, Li C, Ai K, Li K, Li H, Yang J. The evolutionarily conserved MAPK/Erk signaling promotes ancestral T-cell immunity in fish via c-Myc-mediated glycolysis. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:3000-3016. [PMID: 31996375 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is an ancient and evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway involved in numerous physiological processes. Despite great advances in understanding MAPK-mediated regulation of adaptive immune responses in mammals, its contribution to T-cell immunity in early vertebrates remains unclear. Herein, we used Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to investigate the regulatory roles of MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) signaling in ancestral T-cell immunity of jawed fish. We found that Nile tilapia possesses an evolutionarily conserved MAPK/Erk axis that is activated through a classical three-tier kinase cascade, involving sequential phosphorylation of RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase (Raf), MAPK/Erk kinase 1/2 (Mek1/2), and Erk1/2. In Nile tilapia, MAPK/Erk signaling participates in adaptive immune responses during bacterial infection. Upon T-cell activation, the MAPK/Erk axis is robustly activated, and MAPK/Erk blockade by specific inhibitors severely impairs T-cell activation. Furthermore, signals from MAPK/Erk were indispensable for primordial T cells to proliferate and exert their effector functions. Mechanistically, activation of the MAPK/Erk axis promoted glycolysis via induction of the transcriptional regulator proto-oncogene c-Myc (c-Myc), to ensure the proper activation and proliferation of fish T cells. Our results reveal the regulatory mechanisms of MAPK/Erk signaling in T-cell immunity in fish and highlight a close link between immune signals and metabolic programs. We propose that regulation of T-cell immunity by MAPK/Erk is a basic and sophisticated strategy that evolved before the emergence of the tetrapod lineage. These findings shed light on the evolution of the adaptive immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Kete Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Kang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Huiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jialong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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9
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Huang Z, Cao Y, Zhou M, Qi X, Fu B, Mou Y, Wu G, Xie J, Zhao J, Xiong W. Hsa_circ_0005519 increases IL-13/IL-6 by regulating hsa-let-7a-5p in CD4 + T cells to affect asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 49:1116-1127. [PMID: 31148290 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that could serve as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. We hypothesized that circRNAs of CD4+ T cells are involved in asthma. OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the circRNA expression profile and the possible mechanism by which hsa_circ_0005519 participates in asthma. METHODS The expression profiles of circRNAs in CD4+ T cells were revealed by circRNA microarray. Hsa_circ_0005519 expression in CD4+ T cells was confirmed in asthmatic patients (n = 65) and healthy subjects (n = 30). Hsa-let-7a-5p, the target of hsa_circ_0005519, was predicted by online algorithms and verified by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Correlation assays between the expression of hsa_circ_0005519 and hsa-let-7a-5p, the mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)-13 and IL-6 in CD4+ T cells, and the clinical characteristics of asthmatic patients were performed. The role of hsa_circ_0005519 in proinflammatory cytokine expression was investigated in CD4+ T cells from asthmatic patients in vitro. Hsa_circ_0005519 expression in PBMCs was determined in another cohort including 30 asthmatic patients and 24 controls. Correlation assays of hsa_circ_0005519 expressions between CD4+ T cells and PBMCs were performed. RESULTS Hsa_circ_0005519 was up-regulated and negatively correlated with hsa-let-7a-5p expression in CD4+ T cells of asthmatic patients. Both the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and the peripheral blood eosinophil ratio were positively correlated with hsa_circ_0005519 expression in CD4+ T cells. These outcomes were also different in asthmatic patients with low vs high hsa_circ_0005519 levels. Hsa_circ_0005519 expressions between CD4+ T cells and PBMCs were concordant in asthmatic patients. Mechanistically, hsa_circ_0005519 might bind to hsa-let-7a-5p and relieve suppression for IL-13/IL-6 in CD4+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our data suggest that hsa_circ_0005519 may induce IL-13 and IL-6 expression by regulating hsa-let-7a-5p in CD4+ T cells to affect asthma. And hsa_circ_0005519 may be a potential biomarker of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenli Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuefei Qi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bohua Fu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Mou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guorao Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jungang Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianping Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weining Xiong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences & Technology, Wuhan, China
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Kanagalingam T, Solomon L, Vijeyakumaran M, Palikhe NS, Vliagoftis H, Cameron L. IL-2 modulates Th2 cell responses to glucocorticosteroid: A cause of persistent type 2 inflammation? IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2019; 7:112-124. [PMID: 30994266 PMCID: PMC6688076 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Glucocorticosteroids (GCs) are the main treatment for asthma as they reduce type 2 cytokine expression and induce apoptosis. Asthma severity is associated with type 2 inflammation, circulating Th2 cells and higher GC requirements. Objective The aim of this study was to assess whether ex vivo production of interleukin 2 (IL‐2), a T‐cell survival factor, associated with clinical features of asthma severity, the proportion of blood Th2 cells and Th2 cell responses to GC. Methods Peripheral blood from asthma patients (n = 18) was obtained and the proportion of Th2 cells determined by flow cytometry. Peripheral blood cells were activated with mitogen (24 hours) and supernatant levels of IL‐2 and IL‐13 measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. In vitro differentiated Th2 cells were treated with dexamethasone (DEX) and IL‐2 and assessed for apoptosis by flow cytometry (annexin V). Level of messenger RNA (mRNA) for antiapoptotic (BCL‐2) and proapoptotic (BIM) genes, IL‐13, GC receptor (GR) and FKBP5 were determined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. GR binding was assessed by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Results IL‐2 produced by activated peripheral blood cells correlated negatively with lung function and positively with a daily dose of inhaled GC. When patients were stratified based on IL‐2 level, high IL‐2 producers made more IL‐13 and had a higher proportion of circulating Th2 cells. In vitro, increasing the level of IL‐2 in the culture media was associated with resistance to DEX‐induced apoptosis, with more BCL‐2/less BIM mRNA. Th2 cells cultured in high IL‐2 had more IL‐13, less GR mRNA, showed reduced binding of the GR to FKBP5, a known GC‐induced gene, and required higher concentrations of DEX for cytokine suppression. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance IL‐2 downregulates Th2 cell responses to GC, supporting both their survival and pro‐inflammatory capacity. These results suggest that a patient's potential to produce IL‐2 may be a determinant in asthma severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharsan Kanagalingam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren Solomon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meerah Vijeyakumaran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nami Shrestha Palikhe
- Department of Medicine, and Alberta Respiratory Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Harissios Vliagoftis
- Department of Medicine, and Alberta Respiratory Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lisa Cameron
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, and Alberta Respiratory Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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11
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Tang Y, Naito S, Abe-Kanoh N, Ogawa S, Yamaguchi S, Zhu B, Murata Y, Nakamura Y. Benzyl isothiocyanate attenuates the hydrogen peroxide-induced interleukin-13 expression through glutathione S-transferase P induction in T lymphocytic leukemia cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 32:e22054. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tang
- School of Food Science and Technology; Dalian Polytechnic University; Dalian 116034 China
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science; Okayama University; Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Sho Naito
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science; Okayama University; Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Naomi Abe-Kanoh
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science; Okayama University; Okayama 700-8530 Japan
- Department of Food Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Tokushima University; Tokushima 770-8503 Japan
| | - Seiji Ogawa
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science; Okayama University; Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Shu Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science; Okayama University; Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology; Dalian Polytechnic University; Dalian 116034 China
| | - Yoshiyuki Murata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science; Okayama University; Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science; Okayama University; Okayama 700-8530 Japan
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12
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B Cell Presentation of Chlamydia Antigen Selects Out Protective CD4γ13 T Cells: Implications for Genital Tract Tissue-Resident Memory Lymphocyte Clusters. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00614-17. [PMID: 29158429 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00614-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Surveillance and defense of the enormous mucosal interface with the nonsterile world are critical to protecting the host from a wide range of pathogens. Chlamydia trachomatis is an intracellular bacterial pathogen that replicates almost exclusively in the epithelium of the reproductive tract. The fallopian tubes and vagina are poorly suited to surveillance and defense, with limited immune infrastructure positioned near the epithelium. However, a dynamic process during clearing primary infections leaves behind new lymphoid clusters immediately beneath the epithelium. These memory lymphocyte clusters (MLCs) harboring tissue-resident memory (Trm) T cells are presumed to play an important role in protection from subsequent infections. Histologically, human Chlamydia MLCs have prominent B cell populations. We investigated the status of genital tract B cells during C. muridarum infections and the nature of T cells recovered from immune mice using immune B cells as antigen-presenting cells (APCs). These studies revealed a genital tract plasma B cell population and a novel genital tract CD4 T cell subset producing both gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-13 (IL-13). A panel of CD4 T cell clones and microarray analysis showed that the molecular fingerprint of CD4γ13 T cells includes a Trm-like transcriptome. Adoptive transfer of a Chlamydia-specific CD4γ13 T cell clone completely prevented oviduct immunopathology without accelerating bacterial clearance. Existence of a CD4γ13 T cell subset provides a plausible explanation for the observation that human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) Chlamydia-specific IFN-γ and IL-13 responses predict resistance to reinfection.
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13
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Minutti CM, Drube S, Blair N, Schwartz C, McCrae JC, McKenzie AN, Kamradt T, Mokry M, Coffer PJ, Sibilia M, Sijts AJ, Fallon PG, Maizels RM, Zaiss DM. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression Licenses Type-2 Helper T Cells to Function in a T Cell Receptor-Independent Fashion. Immunity 2017; 47:710-722.e6. [PMID: 29045902 PMCID: PMC5654729 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gastro-intestinal helminth infections trigger the release of interleukin-33 (IL-33), which induces type-2 helper T cells (Th2 cells) at the site of infection to produce IL-13, thereby contributing to host resistance in a T cell receptor (TCR)-independent manner. Here, we show that, as a prerequisite for IL-33-induced IL-13 secretion, Th2 cells required the expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and of its ligand, amphiregulin, for the formation of a signaling complex between T1/ST2 (the IL-33R) and EGFR. This shared signaling complex allowed IL-33 to induce the EGFR-mediated activation of the MAP-kinase signaling pathway and consequently the expression of IL-13. Lack of EGFR expression on T cells abrogated IL-13 expression in infected tissues and impaired host resistance. EGFR expression on Th2 cells was TCR-signaling dependent, and therefore, our data reveal a mechanism by which antigen presentation controls the innate effector function of Th2 cells at the site of inflammation. Mice lacking EGFR expression on T cells are more susceptible to worm infections EGFR forms a complex with T1/ST2, allowing for IL-33 induced IL-13 expression Amphiregulin-mediated EGFR activation is essential for complex formation with T1/ST2 EGFR expression is induced by TCR engagement and sustained by cytokines, such as TSLP
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Minutti
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FL Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sebastian Drube
- Institute of Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Natalie Blair
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FL Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christian Schwartz
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin12, Ireland; Institute of Translational Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Jame C McCrae
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FL Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew N McKenzie
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CB2 0QH Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas Kamradt
- Institute of Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Michal Mokry
- Center for Molecular Medicine & Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul J Coffer
- Center for Molecular Medicine & Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alice J Sijts
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty Veterinary Medicine Utrecht, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Padraic G Fallon
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin12, Ireland; Institute of Translational Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Rick M Maizels
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FL Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dietmar M Zaiss
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FL Edinburgh, UK.
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14
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Han NR, Moon PD, Ryu KJ, Kim HM, Jeong HJ. Phenethyl isothiocyanate decreases thymic stromal lymphopoietin-induced inflammatory reactions in mast cells. J Food Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na-Ra Han
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University; Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Phil-Dong Moon
- Center for Converging Humanities; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Ka-Jung Ryu
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University; Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University; Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ja Jeong
- Department of Food Science & Technology and Research Institute for Basic Science; Hoseo University; Chungnam 31499 Republic of Korea
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15
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Gelfand EW, Joetham A, Wang M, Takeda K, Schedel M. Spectrum of T-lymphocyte activities regulating allergic lung inflammation. Immunol Rev 2017; 278:63-86. [PMID: 28658551 PMCID: PMC5501488 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in the treatment of asthma, optimization of symptom control remains an unmet need in many patients. These patients, labeled severe asthma, are responsible for a substantial fraction of the disease burden. In these patients, research is needed to define the cellular and molecular pathways contributing to disease which in large part are refractory to corticosteroid treatment. The causes of steroid-resistant asthma are multifactorial and result from complex interactions of genetics, environmental factors, and innate and adaptive immunity. Adaptive immunity, addressed here, integrates the activities of distinct T-cell subsets and by definition is dynamic and responsive to an ever-changing environment and the influences of epigenetic modifications. These T-cell subsets exhibit different susceptibilities to the actions of corticosteroids and, in some, corticosteroids enhance their functional activation. Moreover, these subsets are not fixed in lineage differentiation but can undergo transcriptional reprogramming in a bidirectional manner between protective and pathogenic effector states. Together, these factors contribute to asthma heterogeneity between patients but also in the same patient at different stages of their disease. Only by carefully defining mechanistic pathways, delineating their sensitivity to corticosteroids, and determining the balance between regulatory and effector pathways will precision medicine become a reality with selective and effective application of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin W Gelfand
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Anthony Joetham
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Meiqin Wang
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Katsuyuki Takeda
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Michaela Schedel
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
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16
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Khorasanizadeh M, Eskian M, Gelfand EW, Rezaei N. Mitogen-activated protein kinases as therapeutic targets for asthma. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 174:112-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Wang Y, Zhu H, Tong J, Li Z. Ligustrazine improves blood circulation by suppressing Platelet activation in a rat model of allergic asthma. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 45:334-339. [PMID: 27362664 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chuan-xiong (Ligusticum wallichii) is a traditional herbal medicine in Eastern Asia, but the effect of its active component ligustrazine remains unclear. We explored its effect and possible mechanism in a well-characterized rat model of allergic asthma. Ligustrazine suppressed bronchial hyper-responsiveness to methacholine, and suppressed lung inflammation in asthmatic rats. Ligustrazine exhibited potent immuno-modulatory and anti-inflammatory effects: it suppressed lymphocyte and eosinophil mobilization, and reduced cytokine IL-5 and IL-13 production significantly in lung tissues from asthmatic rats (P<0.05). Further histological examinations clearly demonstrated that ligustrazine improved blood circulation and ameliorated platelet activation, aggregation and adhesion, which induced sustained infiltration and activation of various inflammatory cells, including lymphocytes and eosinophils, followed by synthesis and release of a variety of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines. The present study suggests that ligustrazine is a potent agent for the treatment of allergic asthma due to its strong anti-inflammatory and immuno-modulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Wang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 103 Meishan Road, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Huizhi Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Jiabing Tong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Zegeng Li
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 103 Meishan Road, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China.
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18
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Saw S, Arora N. PI3K and ERK1/2 kinase inhibition potentiate protease inhibitor to attenuate allergen induced Th2 immune response in mouse. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 776:176-84. [PMID: 26905476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proteases affect immune response by activating PI3K, ERK1/2 and p38 kinase. In present study, therapeutic effect of PI3K, ERK1/2 and p38 kinase inhibitor in combination with serine protease inhibitor was evaluated in cockroach extract (CE) induced airway inflammatory disease. Mice were sensitized on day 0, 7 and 14 and challenged on day 27, 28 and 29 with CE. Mice were given PI3K, ERK1/2 and the p38 kinase inhibitor (iPI3K, iERK1/2 and the ip38) alone or with serine protease inhibitor 4-(2-Aminoethyl) benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride (AEBSF), 1h before challenge. On day 30 airway resistance of mice were determined and euthanized to collect blood, BAL fluid and lung for analysis. CE immunized mice showed PI3K, ERK1/2 and p38 kinase activation, increased airway resistance, cellular infiltration, Th2 cytokines IgE and IgG1. AEBSF given to mice reduced the CE induced allergic response. AEBSF given in combination of iPI3K/iERK1/2 reduced cellular infiltration in lungs. Furthermore, iPI3K/iERK1/2 with AEBSF significantly reduced the CE induced Th2 cytokines in comparison to monotherapy of kinase inhibitor and AEBSF (P<0.05). The combination of iPI3K/iERK1/2 with AEBSF enhanced IL-12 level that could further provide a mean of Th2 reduction. Best effect in reduction of allergic response in mice was observed on administration of AEBSF with iPI3K. Conclusively, the combination of PI3K kinase inhibitor with AEBSF reduced allergen induced airway response and has therapeutic potential for add-on therapy in allergic airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Saw
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Naveen Arora
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India.
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19
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Mechanism of interleukin-13 production by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-dependent macrophages via protease-activated receptor-2. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2015; 55:21-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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Lee MR, Shim D, Yoon J, Jang HS, Oh SW, Suh SH, Choi JH, Oh GT. Retnla overexpression attenuates allergic inflammation of the airway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112666. [PMID: 25415454 PMCID: PMC4240542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistin-like molecule alpha (Retnla), also known as ‘Found in inflammatory zone 1’, is a secreted protein that has been found in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic mice and plays a role as a regulator of T helper (Th)2-driven inflammation. However, the role of Retnla in the progress of Th2-driven airway inflammation is not yet clear. To better understand the function of Retnla in Th2-driven airway inflammation, we generated Retnla-overexpressing (Retnla-Tg) mice. Retnla-Tg mice showed increased expression of Retnla protein in BAL fluid and airway epithelial cells. Retnla overexpression itself did not induce any alteration in lung histology or lung function compared to non-Tg controls. However, OVA-sensitized/challenged Retnla-Tg mice had decreased numbers of cells in BAL and inflammatory cells accumulating in the lung. They also showed a reduction in mucus production in the airway epithelium, concomitant with a decreased Muc5ac level. These results were accompanied by reduced levels of Th2 cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13, with no effect on levels of OVA-specific immunoglobulin isotypes. Furthermore, phosphorylation of ERK was markedly reduced in the lungs of OVA-challenged Retnla-Tg mice. Taken together, these results indicates that Retnla protects against Th2-mediated inflammation in an experimental mouse model of asthma, suggesting that therapeutic approaches to enhance the production of Retnla or Retnla-like molecules could be valuable for preventing allergic lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ran Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahee Shim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Yoon
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Seok Jang
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Woong Oh
- Yuhan Research Institute, Yuhan Corporation, Gongse-Dong, Giheung-Gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Hyo Suh
- Department of Physiology Medical School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JHC); (GTO)
| | - Goo Taeg Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JHC); (GTO)
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21
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Qaseem AS, Sonar S, Mahajan L, Madan T, Sorensen GL, Shamji MH, Kishore U. Linking surfactant protein SP-D and IL-13: Implications in asthma and allergy. Mol Immunol 2013. [DOI: 10.10.1016/j.molimm.2012.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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22
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Doyle MC, Tremblay S, Dumais N. 15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 inhibits IL-13 production in T cells via an NF-κB-dependent mechanism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 431:472-7. [PMID: 23333326 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-13 is a cytokine produced by activated CD4(+) T cells that plays a critical role in promoting allergic responses and tumor cell growth. The 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)) is a natural ligand for the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), a known regulator of anti-inflammatory activities. We determined the effects of 15d-PGJ(2) on IL-13 expression in the Jurkat E6.1 T-cell line and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that treatment of activated T cells with 15d-PGJ(2) significantly decreased IL-13 mRNA transcription and secretion, respectively. This inhibition by 15d-PGJ(2) was independent of PPAR-γ since treatment with GW9662, an irreversible antagonist of the nuclear receptor, produced no effect. Our data also revealed the involvement of nuclear factor-κB in mediating 15d-PGJ(2)-dependent down regulation of IL-13 expression. Collectively, these results demonstrate the potential of 15d-PGJ(2) in attenuating expression and production of IL-13 in activated T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Christine Doyle
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke (QC), Canada J1K 2R1
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Qaseem AS, Sonar S, Mahajan L, Madan T, Sorensen GL, Shamji MH, Kishore U. Linking surfactant protein SP-D and IL-13: implications in asthma and allergy. Mol Immunol 2012; 54:98-107. [PMID: 23220073 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2012.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is an innate immune molecule that plays a protective role against lung infection, allergy, asthma and inflammation. In vivo experiments with murine models have shown that SP-D can protect against allergic challenge via a range of mechanisms including inhibition of allergen-IgE interaction, histamine release by sensitised mast cells, downregulation of specific IgE production, suppression of pulmonary and peripheral eosinophilia, inhibition of mechanisms that cause airway remodelling, and induction of apoptosis in sensitised eosinophils. SP-D can also shift helper T cell polarisation following in vivo allergenic challenge, from pathogenic Th2 to a protective Th1 cytokine response. Interestingly, SP-D gene deficient (-/-) mice show an IL-13 over-expressing phenotype. IL-13 has been shown to be involved in the development of asthma. Transgenic mice over-expressing IL-13 in the lung develop several characteristics of asthma such as pulmonary eosinophilia, airway epithelial hyperplasia, mucus cell metaplasia, sub-epithelial fibrosis, charcot-Leyden-Like crystals, airways obstruction, and non-specific airways hyper-responsiveness to cholinergic stimulation. Although both IL-4 and IL-13 are capable of inducing asthma like phenotype, the effector activity of IL-13 appears to be greater than that of IL-4. SP-D -/- mice seem to express considerably higher levels of IL-13, which is consistent with increased sensitivity and exaggerated immune response of the mice to allergenic challenge. Allergenic exposure also induces elevation in SP-D protein levels in an IL-4/IL-13-dependent manner, which prevents further activation of sensitised T cells. This negative feedback loop seems essential in protecting the airways from inflammatory damage after allergen inhalation. Here, we examine this link between IL-13 and SP-D, and its implications in the progression/regulation of asthma and allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif S Qaseem
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Disease Mechanisms, School of Health Sciences and Social Care, Brunel University, London, UK
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Kannan Y, Wilson MS. TEC and MAPK Kinase Signalling Pathways in T helper (T H) cell Development, T H2 Differentiation and Allergic Asthma. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL & CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY 2012; Suppl 12:11. [PMID: 24116341 PMCID: PMC3792371 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9899.s12-011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Significant advances in our understanding of the signalling events during T cell development and differentiation have been made in the past few decades. It is clear that ligation of the T cell receptor (TCR) triggers a series of proximal signalling cascades regulated by an array of protein kinases. These orchestrated and highly regulated series of events, with differential requirements of particular kinases, highlight the disparities between αβ+CD4+ T cells. Throughout this review we summarise both new and old studies, highlighting the role of Tec and MAPK in T cell development and differentiation with particular focus on T helper 2 (TH2) cells. Finally, as the allergy epidemic continues, we feature the role played by TH2 cells in the development of allergy and provide a brief update on promising kinase inhibitors that have been tested in vitro, in pre-clinical disease models in vivo and into clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashaswini Kannan
- Division of Molecular Immunology, National Institute for Medical Research, MRC, London, NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Mark S. Wilson
- Division of Molecular Immunology, National Institute for Medical Research, MRC, London, NW7 1AA, UK
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Welch LC, Lecuona E, Briva A, Trejo HE, Dada LA, Sznajder JI. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) participates in the hypercapnia-induced Na,K-ATPase downregulation. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:3985-9. [PMID: 20691686 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypercapnia has been shown to impair alveolar fluid reabsorption (AFR) by decreasing Na,K-ATPase activity. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway (ERK) is activated under conditions of cellular stress and has been known to regulate the Na,K-ATPase. Here, we show that hypercapnia leads to ERK activation in a time-dependent manner in alveolar epithelial cells (AEC). Inhibition of ERK by U0126 or siRNA prevented both the hypercapnia-induced Na,K-ATPase endocytosis and impairment of AFR. Moreover, ERK inhibition prevented AMPK activation, a known modulator of hypercapnia-induced Na,K-ATPase endocytosis. Accordingly, these data suggest that hypercapnia-induced Na,K-ATPase endocytosis is dependent on ERK activation in AEC and that ERK plays an important role in hypercapnia-induced impairment of AFR in rat lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn C Welch
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Shii D, Oda T, Shinomiya K, Katsuta O, Nakamura M. Cyclosporine A Eye Drops Inhibit the Early-Phase Reaction in a Type-I Allergic Conjunctivitis Model in Mice. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2009; 25:321-8. [DOI: 10.1089/jop.2009.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Shii
- Research and Development Center, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ikoma-shi, Nara, Japan
| | - Tomoko Oda
- Research and Development Center, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ikoma-shi, Nara, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Shinomiya
- Research and Development Center, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ikoma-shi, Nara, Japan
| | - Osamu Katsuta
- Research and Development Center, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ikoma-shi, Nara, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Nakamura
- Research and Development Center, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ikoma-shi, Nara, Japan
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Veldman C, Pahl A, Hertl M. Desmoglein 3-specific T regulatory 1 cells consist of two subpopulations with differential expression of the transcription factor Foxp3. Immunology 2009; 127:40-9. [PMID: 18800988 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.02932.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune bullous skin disorder associated with autoantibodies against desmoglein (Dsg) 3. An imbalance of type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells and T helper type 2 (Th2) cells specific for Dsg3 may be critical for the loss of tolerance against Dsg3 in PV. Within the population of Dsg3-responsive, interleukin (IL)-10-secreting Tr1 cell clones, two major subpopulations were identified and sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) based on their size and granularity. Upon in vitro culture, the larger subpopulation differentiated back into the two former subpopulations of the Tr1 cell clones, while the smaller subpopulation died within 2 weeks. The smaller subpopulation of the Tr1 cell clones was characterized by the expression of Foxp3, the secretion of IL-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and IL-5 upon stimulation with Dsg3, a proliferative response to IL-2 but not to Dsg3 or mitogenic stimuli, and an inhibitory effect on the proliferative response of Dsg3-responsive Th clones in a Dsg3-specific manner. In contrast, the larger subpopulation showed a Th-like phenotype, lacking Foxp3, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) and glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor (GITR) expression and IL-2 secretion, and did not mount a proliferative response to Dsg3 and mitogenic stimuli. The two Tr1 subpopulations showed expression of identical T-cell receptor (TCR) V beta chains which varied among the PV patients studied. Upon inhibition of Foxp3, the smaller Tr1 subpopulation developed a proliferate response to Dsg3 and mitogenic stimuli, no longer suppressed Dsg3-specific Th cells, lost expression of GITR and CTLA4 and secreted IL-2. Thus, our observations suggest a distinct relationship between Dsg3-specific Tr1 and Th-like cells which may be critical for the continuous generation and survival of Dsg3-specific Tr1 cells.
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Mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2-dependent pathways are essential for CD8+ T cell-mediated airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 123:249-57. [PMID: 19130938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2008] [Revised: 10/23/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ligation of the leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) receptor 1 on effector memory CD8(+) T cells by LTB(4) is important for the recruitment of CD8(+) T cells into the airways, which appears central to the induction of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and allergic inflammation. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is important in activation and cytokine production from many cell types. OBJECTIVE The roles of ERKs in effector CD8(+) T-cell function and on CD8(+) T cell-mediated AHR were determined. METHODS Effector CD8(+) T cells were generated from OVA(257-264) (SIINFEKL) peptide-primed mononuclear cells from OT-1 mice. The effects of U0126, an ERK inhibitor, on effector CD8(+) T-cell function and on CD8(+) T cell-mediated AHR and allergic inflammation were examined. RESULTS Pretreatment of effector CD8(+) T cells with U0126 suppressed anti-CD3/anti-CD28-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and cytokine production, but did not affect LTB(4)-induced Ca(2+) mobilization or chemotaxis. Adoptive transfer of U0126-treated CD8(+) T cells into sensitized mice before secondary allergen challenge resulted in significant decreases in AHR, eosinophilic inflammation, goblet cell metaplasia, and IL-5 and IL-13 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of recipient mice. The number of transferred CD8(+) T cells accumulating in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or lungs was unaffected by treatment. CONCLUSION ERK1/2-dependent pathways are essential for the effector functions of CD8(+) T cells, including T(H)2 cytokine production, allergic inflammation, and development of AHR. Inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling has potential therapeutic benefit in preventing CD8(+) T cell-mediated AHR.
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Billerey-Larmonier C, Uno JK, Larmonier N, Midura AJ, Timmermann B, Ghishan FK, Kiela PR. Protective effects of dietary curcumin in mouse model of chemically induced colitis are strain dependent. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2008; 14:780-93. [PMID: 18200517 PMCID: PMC4427520 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.20348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcumin (diferulolylmethane) has been shown to have a protective role in mouse models of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and to reduce the relapse rate in human ulcerative colitis (UC), thus making it a potentially viable supportive treatment option. Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) colitis in NKT-deficient SJL/J mice has been described as Th1-mediated inflammation, whereas BALB/c mice are believed to exhibit a mixed Th1/Th2 response. METHODS We therefore investigated the effect of dietary curcumin in colitis induced in these 2 strains. RESULTS In the BALB/c mice, curcumin significantly increased survival, prevented weight loss, and normalized disease activity. In the SJL/J mice, curcumin demonstrated no protective effects. Genomewide microarray analysis of colonic gene expression was employed to define the differential effect of curcumin in these 2 strains. This analysis not only confirmed the disparate responses of the 2 strains to curcumin but also indicated different responses to TNBS. Curcumin inhibited proliferation of splenocytes from naive BALB/c mice but not SJL/J mice when nonspecifically stimulated in vitro with concanavalin A (ConA). Proliferation of CD4(+) splenocytes was inhibited in both strains, albeit with about a 2-fold higher IC(50) in SJL/J mice. Secretion of IL-4 and IL-5 by CD4(+) lymphocytes of BALB/c mice but not SJL/J mice was significantly augmented by ConA and reduced to control levels by curcumin. CONCLUSIONS The efficacy of dietary curcumin in TNBS colitis varies in BALB/c and SJL/J mouse strains. Although the exact mechanism underlying these differences is unclear, the results suggest that the therapeutic value of dietary curcumin may differ depending on the nature of immune dysregulation in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Billerey-Larmonier
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson 85724, USA
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Smith JA, Maloney DJ, Hecht SM, Lannigan DA. Structural basis for the activity of the RSK-specific inhibitor, SL0101. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:5018-34. [PMID: 17512736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2007] [Revised: 03/29/2007] [Accepted: 03/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Inappropriate activity of p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) has been implicated in various human cancers as well as other pathologies. We previously reported the isolation, characterization, and synthesis of the natural product kaempferol 3-O-(3'',4''-di-O-acetyl-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside), termed SL0101 [Smith, J. A.; Poteet-Smith, C. E.; Xu, Y.; Errington, T. M.; Hecht, S. M.; Lannigan, D. A. Cancer Res., 2005, 65, 1027-1034: Xu, Y.-M; Smith, J. A.; Lannigan, D. A.; Hecht, S. M. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2006, 14, 3974-3977: Maloney, D. J.; Hecht, S. M. Org. Lett., 2005, 7, 1097-1099]. SL0101 is a potent and specific inhibitor of RSK; therefore, we performed an analysis of the structural basis for the inhibitory activity of this lead compound. In in vitro kinase assays we found that acylation of the rhamnose moiety and the 4', 5, and 7-hydroxyl groups are responsible for maintaining a high affinity interaction of RSK with SL0101. It is likely that the hydroxyl groups facilitate RSK binding through their ability to form hydrogen bonds. To determine whether the SL0101 derivatives were specific for inhibition of RSK we analyzed their ability to preferentially inhibit the growth of the human breast cancer line, MCF-7, compared to the normal human breast line, MCF-10A. We have previously validated this differential growth assay as a convenient readout for analyzing the specificity of RSK inhibitors [Smith, J. A.; Maloney, D. J.; Clark, D. E.; Xu, Y.-M.; Hecht, S. M.; Lannigan, D. A. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2006, 14, 6034-6042]. We found that acylation of the rhamnose moiety was essential for maintaining the selectivity for RSK inhibition in intact cells. Further, the efficacy of SL0101 in intact cells is limited by cellular uptake as well as possible hydrolysis of the acetyl groups on the rhamnose moiety by ubiquitous intracellular esterases. These studies should facilitate the development of a RSK inhibitor, based on the SL0101 pharmacophore, as an anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Smith
- Center for Cell Signaling, Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Maneechotesuwan K, Xin Y, Ito K, Jazrawi E, Lee KY, Usmani OS, Barnes PJ, Adcock IM. Regulation of Th2 Cytokine Genes by p38 MAPK-Mediated Phosphorylation of GATA-3. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 178:2491-8. [PMID: 17277157 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.4.2491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
GATA-3 plays a critical role in allergic diseases by regulating the release of cytokines from Th2 lymphocytes. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of GATA-3 in human T lymphocytes are not yet understood. Using small interfering RNA to knock down GATA-3, we have demonstrated its critical role in regulating IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 release from a human T cell line. Specific stimulation of T lymphocytes by costimulation of CD3 and CD28 to mimic activation by APCs induces translocation of GATA-3 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, with binding to the promoter region of Th2 cytokine genes, as determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation. GATA-3 nuclear translocation is dependent on its phosphorylation on serine residues by p38 MAPK, which facilitates interaction with the nuclear transporter protein importin-alpha. This provides a means whereby allergen exposure leads to the expression of Th2 cytokines, and this novel mechanism may provide new approaches to treating allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittipong Maneechotesuwan
- Section of Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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Dodeller F, Skapenko A, Kalden JR, Lipsky PE, Schulze-Koops H. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase regulates effector functions of primary human CD4 T cells. Eur J Immunol 2006; 35:3631-42. [PMID: 16259005 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200535029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in primary human T cells is incompletely understood. We analyzed in detail the role of p38 in the regulation of effector functions and differentiation of human CD4 T cells by using a p38-specific inhibitor and a dominant-negative mutant of p38. p38 was found to mediate expression of IL-10 and the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in both, primary naive and memory T cells. In contrast, inhibition of p38 activity did not affect expression of the Th1 cytokines IFN-gamma and TNF induced by TCR-stimulation, but decreased IL-12-mediated IFN-gamma expression. Cytokine expression from established Th2 effector cells was also regulated by p38, however, the role of p38 was less pronounced compared to primary CD4 T cells. p38 MAPK regulated cytokine gene expression at both, the transcriptional level by activating gene transcription and the post-transcriptional level by stabilizing cytokine mRNA. As a result of the effect of p38 on IL-4 expression, p38 activity modulated differentiation of naive precursor T cells by inducing a shift of the Th1/Th2 balance toward the immuno-modulatory Th2 direction. Together, the data suggest that p38 plays a key role in human Th2 cell immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Dodeller
- Nikolaus Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Clinical Research Group III, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Hashimoto T, Kobayashi N, Kajiyama Y, Kaminuma O, Suko M, Mori A. IL-2-induced IL-13 production by allergen-specific human helper T cell clones. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2006; 140 Suppl 1:51-4. [PMID: 16772727 DOI: 10.1159/000092711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13 are important cytokines in allergic diseases such as asthma and atopic dermatitis. We have reported that the production of IL-5 and IL-13 by mite-responsive T helper cells (Th) is controlled under similar signal requirements, but precise mechanisms are not yet well characterized. METHODS Allergen-specific Th clones were established from peripheral blood lymphocytes of atopic asthmatics, and cytokine synthesis in response to various stimuli was determined by specific ELISAs. IL-13 gene expression was enumerated by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS IL-13 production was clearly induced by IL-2. IL-13 mRNA expression was also induced. CONCLUSION The IL-2 signal by itself causes IL-13 synthesis independent of T cell receptor stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Hashimoto
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
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Veldman C, Pahl A, Beissert S, Hansen W, Buer J, Dieckmann D, Schuler G, Hertl M. Inhibition of the transcription factor Foxp3 converts desmoglein 3-specific type 1 regulatory T cells into Th2-like cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 176:3215-22. [PMID: 16493082 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.5.3215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a severe autoimmune bullous skin disorder and is associated with autoantibodies against desmoglein (Dsg)3 that are regulated by Th2 cells. Recently, Dsg3-specific type 1 regulatory T cells (Tr1) were identified that are presumably critical for the maintenance of tolerance against Dsg3 because there is a much lower Dsg3-specific Tr1:Th2 ratio in the PV patients than in healthy individuals. The aim of this study was to down-regulate the transcription factor Foxp3 in Dsg3-specific Tr1 using antisense oligonucleotides because Foxp3 is constitutively expressed by the Dsg3-specific Tr1. Antisense-treated Dsg3-specific Tr1 clones lost expression of Foxp3, glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family-related receptor, and CTLA-4, and started to secrete IL-2, whereas the secretion of IL-5, TGF-beta, and IL-10 remained unchanged. Moreover, antisense treatment induced a proliferative response to Dsg3 of the formerly anergic Tr1 and abrogated their suppressor activity on Dsg3-specific Th2 cell clones. Thus, inhibition of Foxp3 mRNA expression in the Tr1 induced a Th2-like phenotype. In conclusion, Foxp3 expression is inherent to Tr1 function, and modulation of Foxp3 expression in autoaggressive Th2 cells may provide a novel therapeutic approach aimed at restoring tolerance against Dsg3 in PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Veldman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Keen JC, Cianferoni A, Florio G, Guo J, Chen R, Roman J, Wills-Karp M, Casolaro V, Georas SN. Characterization of a novel PMA-inducible pathway of interleukin-13 gene expression in T cells. Immunology 2006; 117:29-37. [PMID: 16423038 PMCID: PMC1782204 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2005.02260.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although interleukin 13 (IL-13) is an important mediator of asthma and allergic diseases, the molecular mechanisms regulating IL-13 gene expression are not well understood. This study was designed to define the molecular mechanisms governing IL-13 gene expression in T cells. IL-13 expression was examined in human peripheral blood T cells and in the EL-4 T-cell line by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. An IL-13 promoter deletion analysis was performed using luciferase-based reporter plasmids transiently transfected into EL-4 cells by electroporation. DNA binding factors were investigated using electrophoretic mobility shift assays. In contrast to IL-4 expression, which required concomitant activation of calcium- and protein kinase C- (PKC-) dependent signalling pathways, PKC activation alone was sufficient for IL-13 protein secretion in mitogen-primed (but not resting) peripheral blood T cells, and for IL-13 mRNA expression and promoter activity in EL-4 T cells. Promoter deletion analysis localized a phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-sensitive element to a proximal promoter region between -109 and -79 base pairs upstream from the IL-13 transcription start site. This promoter region supported the binding of both constitutive and PMA-inducible nuclear factors in gel shift assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith C Keen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Balitmore, MD 21224, USA
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Lee PJ, Zhang X, Shan P, Ma B, Lee CG, Homer RJ, Zhu Z, Rincon M, Mossman BT, Elias JA. ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase selectively mediates IL-13-induced lung inflammation and remodeling in vivo. J Clin Invest 2005; 116:163-73. [PMID: 16374521 PMCID: PMC1319220 DOI: 10.1172/jci25711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2005] [Accepted: 10/25/2005] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-13 dysregulation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of a variety of inflammatory and remodeling diseases. In these settings, STAT6 is believed to be the canonical signaling molecule mediating the tissue effects of IL-13. Signaling cascades involving MAPKs have been linked to inflammation and remodeling. We hypothesized that MAPKs play critical roles in effector responses induced by IL-13 in the lung. We found that Tg IL-13 expression in the lung led to potent activation of ERK1/2 but not JNK1/2 or p38. ERK1/2 activation also occurred in mice with null mutations of STAT6. Systemic administration of the MAPK/ERK kinase 1 (MEK1) inhibitor PD98059 or use of Tg mice in which a dominant-negative MEK1 construct was expressed inhibited IL-13-induced inflammation and alveolar remodeling. There were associated decreases in IL-13-induced chemokines (MIP-1alpha/CCL-3, MIP-1beta/CCL-4, MIP-2/CXCL-1, RANTES/CCL-5), MMP-2, -9, -12, and -14, and cathepsin B and increased levels of alpha1-antitrypsin. IL-13-induced tissue and molecular responses were noted that were equally and differentially dependent on ERK1/2 and STAT6 signaling. Thus, ERK1/2 is activated by IL-13 in the lung in a STAT6-independent manner where it contributes to IL-13-induced inflammation and remodeling and is required for optimal IL-13 stimulation of specific chemokines and proteases as well as the inhibition of specific antiproteases. ERK1/2 regulators may be useful in the treatment of IL-13-induced diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patty J Lee
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8057, USA
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Fichtner-Feigl S, Fuss IJ, Preiss JC, Strober W, Kitani A. Treatment of murine Th1- and Th2-mediated inflammatory bowel disease with NF-kappa B decoy oligonucleotides. J Clin Invest 2005; 115:3057-71. [PMID: 16239967 PMCID: PMC1257534 DOI: 10.1172/jci24792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2005] [Accepted: 07/26/2005] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Th1 and Th2 T cell responses that underlie inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are likely to depend on NF-kappaB transcriptional activity. We explored this possibility in studies in which we determined the capacity of NF-kappaB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (decoy ODNs) to treat various murine models of IBD. In initial studies, we showed that i.r. (intrarectal) or i.p. administration of decoy ODNs encapsulated in a viral envelope prevented and treated a model of acute trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced (TNBS-induced) colitis, as assessed by clinical course and effect on Th1 cytokine production. In further studies, we showed that NF-kappaB decoy ODNs were also an effective treatment of a model of chronic TNBS-colitis, inhibiting both the production of IL-23/IL-17 and the development of fibrosis that characterizes this model. Treatment of TNBS-induced inflammation by i.r. administration of NF-kappaB decoy ODNs did not inhibit NF-kappaB in extraintestinal organs and resulted in CD4+ T cell apoptosis, suggesting that such treatment is highly focused and durable. Finally, we showed that NF-kappaB decoy ODNs also prevented and treated oxazolone-colitis and thus affect a Th2-mediated inflammatory process. In each case, decoy administration led to inflammation-clearing effects, suggesting a therapeutic potency applicable to human IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Fichtner-Feigl
- Mucosal Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Rubenfeld J, Guo J, Sookrung N, Chen R, Chaicumpa W, Casolaro V, Zhao Y, Natarajan V, Georas S. Lysophosphatidic acid enhances interleukin-13 gene expression and promoter activity in T cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2005; 290:L66-74. [PMID: 16199434 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00473.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a membrane-derived lysophospholipid with wide-ranging effects on multiple lung cells including airway epithelial and smooth muscle cells. LPA can augment migration and cytokine synthesis in lymphocytes, but its potential effects on Th2 cytokines have not been well studied. We examined the effects of physiological concentrations of LPA on IL-13 gene expression in human T cells. The Jurkat T cell line and human peripheral blood CD4+ T cells were incubated with LPA alone or with 1) pharmacological agonists of different signaling pathways, or 2) antibodies directed against the T cell receptor complex and costimulatory molecules. Luciferase-based reporter constructs driven by different lengths of the human IL-13 promoter were transfected by electroporation in Jurkat cells treated with and without LPA. The effects of LPA on IL-13 mRNA stability were examined using actinomycin D to halt ongoing transcription. Expression of mRNA encoding LPA2 and LPP-1 increased with T cell activation. LPA augmented IL-13 secretion under conditions of submaximal T cell activation. This was observed using pharmacological agonists activating intracellular calcium-, PKC-, and cAMP-dependent signaling pathways, as well as antibodies directed against CD3 and CD28. LPA only slightly prolonged IL-13 mRNA half-life in submaximally stimulated Jurkat cells. In contrast, LPA significantly enhanced transcriptional activation of the IL-13 promoter via regulatory elements contained within proximal 312 bp. The effects of LPA on IL-13 promoter activation appeared to be distinct from those mediated by GATA-3. LPA can augment IL-13 gene expression in T cells, especially under conditions of submaximal activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Rubenfeld
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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Chialda L, Zhang M, Brune K, Pahl A. Inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinases differentially regulate costimulated T cell cytokine production and mouse airway eosinophilia. Respir Res 2005; 6:36. [PMID: 15833106 PMCID: PMC1131927 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-6-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2004] [Accepted: 04/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background T cells play a dominant role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Costimulation of T cells is necessary to fully activate them. An inducible costimulator (ICOS) of T cells is predominantly expressed on Th2 cells. Therefore, interference of signaling pathways precipitated by ICOS may present new therapeutic options for Th2 dominated diseases such as asthma. However, these signaling pathways are poorly characterized in vitro and in vivo. Methods Human primary CD4+ T cells from blood were activated by beads with defined combinations of surface receptor stimulating antibodies and costimulatory receptor ligands. Real-time RT-PCR was used for measuring the production of cytokines from activated T cells. Activation of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways leading to cytokine synthesis were investigated by western blot analysis and by specific inhibitors. The effect of inhibitors in vivo was tested in a murine asthma model of late phase eosinophilia. Lung inflammation was assessed by differential cell count of the bronchoalveolar lavage, determination of serum IgE and lung histology. Results We showed in vitro that ICOS and CD28 are stimulatory members of an expanding family of co-receptors, whereas PD1 ligands failed to co-stimulate T cells. ICOS and CD28 activated different MAPK signaling cascades necessary for cytokine activation. By means of specific inhibitors we showed that p38 and ERK act downstream of CD28 and that ERK and JNK act downstream of ICOS leading to the induction of various T cell derived cytokines. Using a murine asthma model of late phase eosinophilia, we demonstrated that the ERK inhibitor U0126 and the JNK inhibitor SP600125 inhibited lung inflammation in vivo. This inhibition correlated with the inhibition of Th2 cytokines in the BAL fluid. Despite acting on different signaling cascades, we could not detect synergistic action of any combination of MAPK inhibitors. In contrast, we found that the p38 inhibitor SB203580 antagonizes the action of the ERK inhibitor U0126 in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion These results demonstrate that the MAPKs ERK and JNK may be suitable targets for anti-inflammatory therapy of asthma, whereas inhibition of p38 seems to be an unlikely target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Chialda
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstr. 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Meixia Zhang
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstr. 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Present Address Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Chinese Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kay Brune
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstr. 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Pahl
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstr. 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Inoue H, Kato R, Fukuyama S, Nonami A, Taniguchi K, Matsumoto K, Nakano T, Tsuda M, Matsumura M, Kubo M, Ishikawa F, Moon BG, Takatsu K, Nakanishi Y, Yoshimura A. Spred-1 negatively regulates allergen-induced airway eosinophilia and hyperresponsiveness. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 201:73-82. [PMID: 15630138 PMCID: PMC2212755 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20040616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
T helper 2 cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13, play a critical role in allergic asthma. These cytokines transmit signals through the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) and the Ras–extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways. Although the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family proteins have been shown to regulate the STAT pathway, the mechanism regulating the ERK pathway has not been clarified. The Sprouty-related Ena/VASP homology 1–domain-containing protein (Spred)-1 has recently been identified as a negative regulator of growth factor–mediated, Ras-dependent ERK activation. Here, using Spred-1–deficient mice, we demonstrated that Spred-1 negatively regulates allergen-induced airway eosinophilia and hyperresponsiveness, without affecting helper T cell differentiation. Biochemical assays indicate that Spred-1 suppresses IL-5–dependent cell proliferation and ERK activation. These data indicate that Spred-1 negatively controls eosinophil numbers and functions by modulating IL-5 signaling in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Inoue
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Duan W, Chan JHP, Wong CH, Leung BP, Wong WSF. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Inhibitor U0126 in an Asthma Mouse Model. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 172:7053-9. [PMID: 15153527 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.11.7053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade plays a pivotal role in the activation of inflammatory cells. Recent findings revealed that the activity of p42/44 MAPK (also known as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)) in the lungs was significantly higher in asthmatic mice than in normal controls. We hypothesized that inhibition of ERK activity may have anti-inflammatory effects in allergic asthma. BALB/c mice were sensitized with OVA and, upon OVA aerosol challenge, developed airway eosinophilia, mucus hypersecretion, elevation in cytokine and chemokine levels, up-regulation of VCAM-1 expression, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Intraperitoneal administration of U0126, a specific MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitor, significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited OVA-induced increases in total cell counts, eosinophil counts, and IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and eotaxin levels recovered in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in a dose-dependent manner. U0126 also substantially (p < 0.05) reduced the serum levels of total IgE and OVA-specific IgE and IgG1. Histological studies show that U0126 dramatically inhibited OVA-induced lung tissue eosinophilia, airway mucus production, and expression of VCAM-1 in lung tissues. In addition, U0126 significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed OVA-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to inhaled methacholine in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis of whole lung lysates shows that U0126 markedly attenuated OVA-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Taken together, our findings implicate that inhibition of ERK signaling pathway may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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