1
|
Kheira HS, Elsayed GR, El-Adl M. Liraglutide and resveratrol alleviated cyclosporin A induced nephrotoxicity in rats through improving antioxidant status, apoptosis and pro-inflammatory markers. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 730:150337. [PMID: 38986220 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The recent study delves into the role of both liraglutide and/or resveratrol on the nephropathic affection in rats treated with cyclosporine A (CsA). Rats were intoxicated with CsA (25 mg/kg) orally for 21 days and were supplemented with liraglutide (30 μg/kg) s/c daily and 20 mg/kg of resveratrol (20 mg/kg) orally. At the end of the experiment, serum samples and renal tissues were collected to determine renal damage markers, apoptotic markers, proinflammatory markers, and antioxidant status markers. Kidney function tests and antioxidant activity notably improved in the treated rats (CsA + Lir/CsA + Res/CsA + Lir + Res). Moreover, both Lir and/or Res enhanced Bcl-2 levels while down-regulating the Bax levels in rats treated with CsA. Interestingly, the immune-staining for tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) was tested negative and mild positive in renal tissue of rats given Lir and/or Res while being treated with Cs A which indicated their anti-inflammatory effect that reduced the renal damage. The findings of this investigation revealed the ameliorative anti-inflammatory in addition to the antioxidant role of both liraglutide and resveratrol against the kidney damage caused due to CsA administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hend Samy Kheira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Gehad Ramadan Elsayed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Adl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Freet CS, Evans B, Brick TR, Deneke E, Wasserman EJ, Ballard SM, Stankoski DM, Kong L, Raja-Khan N, Nyland JE, Arnold AC, Krishnamurthy VB, Fernandez-Mendoza J, Cleveland HH, Scioli AD, Molchanow A, Messner AE, Ayaz H, Grigson PS, Bunce SC. Ecological momentary assessment and cue-elicited drug craving as primary endpoints: study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial testing the efficacy of a GLP-1 receptor agonist in opioid use disorder. Addict Sci Clin Pract 2024; 19:56. [PMID: 39061093 PMCID: PMC11282646 DOI: 10.1186/s13722-024-00481-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite continuing advancements in treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD), continued high rates of relapse indicate the need for more effective approaches, including novel pharmacological interventions. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) provide a promising avenue as a non-opioid medication for the treatment of OUD. Whereas GLP-1RAs have shown promise as a treatment for alcohol and nicotine use disorders, to date, no controlled clinical trials have been conducted to determine if a GLP-1RA can reduce craving in individuals with OUD. The purpose of the current protocol was to evaluate the potential for a GLP-1RA, liraglutide, to safely and effectively reduce craving in an OUD population in residential treatment. METHOD This preliminary study was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial designed to test the safety and efficacy of the GLP-1RA, liraglutide, in 40 participants in residential treatment for OUD. Along with taking a range of safety measures, efficacy for cue-induced craving was evaluated prior to (Day 1) and following (Day 19) treatment using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) in response to a cue reactivity task during functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and for craving. Efficacy of treatment for ambient craving was assessed using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) prior to (Study Day 1), across (Study Days 2-19), and following (Study Days 20-21) residential treatment. DISCUSSION This manuscript describes a protocol to collect clinical data on the safety and efficacy of a GLP-1RA, liraglutide, during residential treatment of persons with OUD, laying the groundwork for further evaluation in a larger, outpatient OUD population. Improved understanding of innovative, non-opioid based treatments for OUD will have the potential to inform community-based interventions and health policy, assist physicians and health care professionals in the treatment of persons with OUD, and to support individuals with OUD in their effort to live a healthy life. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04199728. Registered 16 December 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04199728?term=NCT04199728 . PROTOCOL VERSION 10 May 2023.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Freet
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Brianna Evans
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Timothy R Brick
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Institute for Computational and Data Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Erin Deneke
- Fran and Doug Tieman Center for Research, Caron Treatment Centers, Wernersville, PA, USA
| | - Emily J Wasserman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Sarah M Ballard
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Dean M Stankoski
- Fran and Doug Tieman Center for Research, Caron Treatment Centers, Wernersville, PA, USA
| | - Lan Kong
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Nazia Raja-Khan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer E Nyland
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Amy C Arnold
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Venkatesh Basappa Krishnamurthy
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Julio Fernandez-Mendoza
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - H Harrington Cleveland
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Adam D Scioli
- Fran and Doug Tieman Center for Research, Caron Treatment Centers, Wernersville, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Hasan Ayaz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patricia S Grigson
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Scott C Bunce
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
- Penn State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, H073, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033-0850, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Niu X, Lu P, Huang L, Sun Y, Jin M, Liu J, Li X. The effect of metformin combined with liraglutide on gut microbiota of Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:265-276. [PMID: 37316616 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00380-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin (MET) is a first-line therapy for type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Liraglutide (LRG) is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist used as a second-line therapy in combination with MET. METHODS We performed a longitudinal analysis comparing the gut microbiota of overweight and/or pre-diabetic participants (NCP group) with that of each following their progression to T2DM diagnosis (UNT group) using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of fecal bacteria samples. We also examined the effects of MET (MET group) and MET plus LRG (MET+LRG group) on the gut microbiota of these participants following 60 days of anti-diabetic drug therapy in two parallel treatment arms. RESULTS In the UNT group, the relative abundances of Paraprevotella (P = 0.002) and Megamonas (P = 0.029) were greater, and that of Lachnospira (P = 0.003) was lower, compared with the NCP group. In the MET group, the relative abundance of Bacteroides (P = 0.039) was greater, and those of Paraprevotella (P = 0.018), Blautia (P = 0.001), and Faecalibacterium (P = 0.005) were lower, compared with the UNT group. In the MET+LRG group, the relative abundances of Blautia (P = 0.005) and Dialister (P = 0.045) were significantly lower than in the UNT group. The relative abundance of Megasphaera in the MET group was significantly greater than in the MET+LRG group (P = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS Treatment with MET and MET+LRG results in significant alterations in gut microbiota, compared with the profiles of patients at the time of T2DM diagnosis. These alterations differed significantly between the MET and MET+LRG groups, which suggests that LRG exerted an additive effect on the composition of gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, Changzhi Medical College Affiliated Heji Hospital, Changzhi, 046011, China
| | - Panpan Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046013, China
| | - Linqing Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046013, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Changzhi Medical College Affiliated Heji Hospital, Changzhi, 046011, China
| | - Miaomiao Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Changzhi Medical College Affiliated Heji Hospital, Changzhi, 046011, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
d'Aquino AI, Maikawa CL, Nguyen LT, Lu K, Hall IA, Jons CK, Kasse CM, Yan J, Prossnitz AN, Chang E, Baker SW, Hovgaard L, Steensgaard DB, Andersen HB, Simonsen L, Appel EA. Use of a biomimetic hydrogel depot technology for sustained delivery of GLP-1 receptor agonists reduces burden of diabetes management. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101292. [PMID: 37992687 PMCID: PMC10694761 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone and neurotransmitter secreted from intestinal L cells in response to nutrients to stimulate insulin and block glucagon secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. Long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have become central to treating type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, these therapies are burdensome, as they must be taken daily or weekly. Technological innovations that enable less frequent administrations would reduce patient burden and increase patient compliance. Herein, we leverage an injectable hydrogel depot technology to develop a GLP-1 RA drug product capable of months-long GLP-1 RA delivery. Using a rat model of T2D, we confirm that one injection of hydrogel-based therapy sustains exposure of GLP-1 RA over 42 days, corresponding to a once-every-4-months therapy in humans. Hydrogel therapy maintains management of blood glucose and weight comparable to daily injections of a leading GLP-1 RA drug. This long-acting GLP-1 RA treatment is a promising therapy for more effective T2D management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea I d'Aquino
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94025, USA
| | - Caitlin L Maikawa
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Leslee T Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Katie Lu
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ian A Hall
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Carolyn K Jons
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94025, USA
| | - Catherine M Kasse
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94025, USA
| | - Jerry Yan
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alexander N Prossnitz
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94025, USA
| | - Enmian Chang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94025, USA
| | - Sam W Baker
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lars Hovgaard
- Department of Biophysics and Formulations, Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Dorte B Steensgaard
- Department of Biophysics and Formulations, Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Hanne B Andersen
- Department of Biophysics and Formulations, Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Lotte Simonsen
- Department of Obesity Research, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Eric A Appel
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94025, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pediatrics (Endocrinology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gadgaard S, Windeløv JA, Schiellerup SP, Holst JJ, Hartmann B, Rosenkilde MM. Long-acting agonists of human and rodent GLP-2 receptors for studies of the physiology and pharmacological potential of the GLP-2 system. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114383. [PMID: 36780786 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is secreted postprandially from enteroendocrine Lcells and has anabolic action on gut and bone. Short-acting teduglutide is the only approved GLP-2 analog for the treatment of short-bowel syndrome (SBS). To improve the therapeutic effect, we created a series of lipidated GLP-2R agonists. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Six GLP-2 analogs were studied in vitro for cAMP accumulation, β-arrestin 1 and 2 recruitment, affinity, and internalization. The trophic actions on intestine and bone were examined in vivo in rodents. KEY RESULTS Lipidations at lysines introduced at position 12, 16, and 20 of hGLP-2(1-33) were well-tolerated with less than 2.2-fold impaired potency and full efficacy at the hGLP-2R in cAMP accumulation. In contrast, N- and C-terminal (His1 and Lys30) lipidations impaired potency by 4.2- and 45-fold and lowered efficacy to 77% and 85% of hGLP-2, respectively. All variants were similarly active on the rat and mouse GLP-2Rs and the three most active variants displayed increased selectivity for hGLP-2R over hGLP-1R activation, compared to native hGLP-2. Impact on arrestin recruitment and receptor internalization followed that of Gαs-coupling, except for lipidation in position 20, where internalization was more impaired, suggesting desensitization protection. A highly active variant (C16 at position 20) with low internalization and a half-life of 9.5 h in rats showed improved gut and bone tropism with increased weight of small intestine in mice and decreased CTX levels in rats. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION We present novel hGLP-2 agonists suitable for in vivo studies of the GLP-2 system to uncover its pharmacological potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Gadgaard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Bainan Biotech, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Sine P Schiellerup
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette M Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Greenwood MP, Greenwood M, Bárez-López S, Hawkins JW, Short K, Tatovic D, Murphy D. Osmoadaptive GLP-1R signalling in hypothalamic neurones inhibits antidiuretic hormone synthesis and release. Mol Metab 2023; 70:101692. [PMID: 36773648 PMCID: PMC9969259 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The excessive release of the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin is implicated in many diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Once thought to be elevated as a consequence of diseases, data now supports a more causative role. We have previously identified CREB3L1 as a transcription factor that co-ordinates vasopressin synthesis and release in the hypothalamus. The objective here was to identify mechanisms orchestrated by CREB3L1 that co-ordinate vasopressin release. METHODS We mined Creb3l1 knockdown SON RNA-seq data to identify downstream target genes. We proceeded to investigate the expression of these genes and associated pathways in the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus in response to physiological and pharmacological stimulation. We used viruses to selectively knockdown gene expression in the supraoptic nucleus and assessed physiological and metabolic parameters. We adopted a phosphoproteomics strategy to investigate mechanisms that facilitate hormone release by the pituitary gland. RESULTS We discovered glucagon like peptide 1 receptor (Glp1r) as a downstream target gene and found increased expression in stimulated vasopressin neurones. Selective knockdown of supraoptic nucleus Glp1rs resulted in decreased food intake and body weight. Treatment with GLP-1R agonist liraglutide decreased vasopressin synthesis and release. Quantitative phosphoproteomics of the pituitary neurointermediate lobe revealed that liraglutide initiates hyperphosphorylation of presynapse active zone proteins that control vasopressin exocytosis. CONCLUSION In summary, we show that GLP-1R signalling inhibits the vasopressin system. Our data advises that hydration status may influence the pharmacodynamics of GLP-1R agonists so should be considered in current therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Greenwood
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Mingkwan Greenwood
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Soledad Bárez-López
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Joe W Hawkins
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Short
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Danijela Tatovic
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Department, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - David Murphy
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Bristol, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dâ Aquino AI, Maikawa CL, Nguyen LT, Lu K, Hall IA, Prossnitz AN, Chang E, Baker SW, Kasse CM, Jons CK, Yan J, Hovgaard L, Steensgaard DB, Andersen HB, Simonsen L, Appel EA. Sustained Delivery of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists from Injectable Biomimetic Hydrogels Improves Treatment of Diabetes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.28.526057. [PMID: 36778223 PMCID: PMC9915491 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.28.526057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone and neurotransmitter secreted from intestinal L-cells in response to nutrients to stimulate insulin and block glucagon secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. GLP-1 in itself is rapidly degraded, but long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have become central in the treatment of T2D because of the beneficial effects extending also beyond glucose control. Currently, these therapeutics must be injected either daily or weekly or taken daily orally, leaving room for technological innovations that enable less frequent administrations, which will reduce patient burden and increase patient compliance. An ideal GLP-1 RA drug product would provide continuous therapy for upwards of four months from a single administration to match the cadence with which T2D patients typically visit their physician. In this work, we leveraged an injectable hydrogel depot technology to develop a long-acting GLP-1 RA drug product. By modulating the hydrogel properties to tune GLP-1 RA retention within the hydrogel depot, we engineered formulations capable of months-long GLP-1 RA delivery. Using a rat model of T2D, we confirmed that a single injection of hydrogel-based therapies exhibits sustained exposure of GLP-1 RA over 42 days, corresponding to a once-every four month therapy in humans. Moreover, these hydrogel therapies maintained optimal management of blood glucose and weight comparable to daily injections of a leading GLP-1 RA drug molecule. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these hydrogel-based long-acting GLP-1 RA treatments are promising for development of novel therapies reducing treatment burden for more effective management of T2D.
Collapse
|
8
|
Fang J, Miller P, Grigson PS. Sleep is increased by liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, in rats. Brain Res Bull 2023; 192:142-155. [PMID: 36410565 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleep disturbances are prominent in drug use disorders, including those involving opioids in both humans and animals. Recent studies have shown that administration of liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist, significantly reduces heroin taking and seeking in rats. In an effort to further understand the action of this substance on physiological functions and to evaluate safety issues for its potential clinical use, the aim of the present study was to determine whether the dose of liraglutide found effective in reducing responding for an opioid also could improve sleep in drug-naïve rats. METHODS Using a within-subjects design, adult male rats chronically implanted with EEG and EMG electrodes received subcutaneous injection of saline or 0.06, 0.10, 0.30 or 0.60 mg/kg liraglutide. The 0.10 and 0.30 mg/kg doses are known to be most effective in reducing responding for heroin in rats at light or dark onset during a 12:12 h light-dark cycle (0.10 mg/kg for taking and seeking, 0.30 mg/kg for seeking). EEG and EMG were recorded across the 24 h period following each injection. RESULTS After both dark and light onset injections, liraglutide dose-dependently decreased wakefulness and increased non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep except at the lowest dose. The bout length of wakefulness and NREM sleep were decreased and increased, respectively. Whether administered at light or dark onset, the above alterations occurred primarily during the dark period (i.e., during the active period). The animals' body weight was decreased after liraglutide treatments as expected since it is clinically used for the treatment of obesity. CONCLUSION These data indicate that liraglutide, at doses known to reduce responding for heroin and fentanyl, also increases NREM sleep, suggesting that the increase in sleep may contribute to the protective effects of liraglutide and may promote overall general health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jidong Fang
- The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, USA.
| | - Patti Miller
- The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Melander SA, Katri A, Karsdal MA, Henriksen K. Improved metabolic efficacy of a dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonist when combined with semaglutide or empagliflozin. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 938:175397. [PMID: 36414113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacotherapies for obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are thought to bridge the gap between lifestyle modification and the weight loss obtained with bariatric surgery. Although the effect of monotherapies, namely amylin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, has shown great potential, combination therapy is now becoming a strategy to optimize efficacy for weight management while minimizing adverse effects. This study investigated a dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonist (DACRA); KBP-066A in combination with the GLP-1R agonist semaglutide or the sodium-glucose co transporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) empagliflozin for anti-obesity and anti-diabetic treatment. The effect of KBP-066A, semaglutide, and empagliflozin alone and in combination was studied with respect to their impact on body weight, food intake, and glucose metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD) and Zucker diabetic fatty (fa/fa) (ZDF) rats. Treatment with KBP-066A and semaglutide lowered body weight by 13% and 9.7%. In contrast, a combination of both KBP-066A + semaglutide reduced body weight by 21% in HFD rats demonstrating superiority compared to monotherapies alone. A combination of KBP-066A with semaglutide or empagliflozin significantly lowered fasting blood glucose, and HbA1C (%) levels in ZDF rats. The complementary action by KBP-066A to GLP-1R agonist and SGLT2i on BW, food intake and glucose control endorsed the potential of DACRAs as an add-on therapy to therapeutic options for T2D and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Katri
- Nordic Bioscience, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Morten A Karsdal
- Nordic Bioscience, 2730, Herlev, Denmark; KeyBioscience AG, Stans, Switzerland
| | - Kim Henriksen
- Nordic Bioscience, 2730, Herlev, Denmark; KeyBioscience AG, Stans, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Eraky SM, Ramadan NM. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids and metformin combination on diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats through autophagic pathway. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 97:108798. [PMID: 34102283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a primary cause of increased morbidity and mortality in diabetics. Evidence has suggested a pivotal role for interrupted mitochondrial dynamics and quality control machinery in the onset and development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) is a major reporter of selective autophagic activity. Other than controlling the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, recently peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) was reported to directly affect SQSTM1 gene expression. Calcineurin, a pivotal mediator of cardiac hypertrophy, has been also linked to enhanced expression of SQSTM1. This study aimed to test the cardioprotective effects of adding ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to metformin in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus and to evaluate the molecular mechanisms underlying their effects on mitochondrial quality. Diabetes was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats by a high-fat diet for 6 weeks, followed by a low-dose streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). Diabetic rats were either treated with metformin (150 mg/kg/d), ω-3 PUFAs (300 mg/kg/d), or their combination in the same doses for further 8 weeks. Along with metabolic and pathological derangements, we report that correlating with electron microscopic evidence of mitochondrial degeneration, gene expression of the autophagic indicators SQSTM1, PGC-1α, and calcineurin were decreased in the hearts of diabetic rats. Independent of its anti-hyperglycemic effects, metformin successfully preserved mitochondrial integrity and upregulated myocardial PGC-1α, calcineurin, and SQSTM1 gene expression. ω-3 PUFAs possess synergistic cardioprotection when added to metformin, suggested by improvements in myocardial ultrastructure, autophagic activity, and SQSTM1 gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salma M Eraky
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Nehal M Ramadan
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Babic I, Sellers D, Else PL, Nealon J, Osborne AL, Pai N, Weston-Green K. Effect of liraglutide on neural and peripheral markers of metabolic function during antipsychotic treatment in rats. J Psychopharmacol 2021; 35:284-302. [PMID: 33570012 DOI: 10.1177/0269881120981377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist that prevents metabolic side effects of the antipsychotic drugs (APDs) olanzapine and clozapine through unknown mechanisms. AIM This study aimed to investigate the effect of chronic APD and liraglutide co-treatment on key neural and peripheral metabolic signals, and acute liraglutide co-treatment on clozapine-induced hyperglycaemia. METHODS In study 1, rats were administered olanzapine (2 mg/kg), clozapine (12 mg/kg), liraglutide (0.2 mg/kg), olanzapine + liraglutide co-treatment, clozapine + liraglutide co-treatment or vehicle for six weeks. Feeding efficiency was examined weekly. Examination of brain tissue (dorsal vagal complex (DVC) and mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH)), plasma metabolic hormones and peripheral (liver and kidney) cellular metabolism and oxidative stress was conducted. In study 2, rats were administered a single dose of clozapine (12 mg/kg), liraglutide (0.4 mg/kg), clozapine + liraglutide co-treatment or vehicle. Glucose tolerance and plasma hormone levels were assessed. RESULTS Liraglutide co-treatment prevented the time-dependent increase in feeding efficiency caused by olanzapine, which plateaued by six weeks. There was no effect of chronic treatment on melanocortinergic, GABAergic, glutamatergic or endocannabionoid markers in the MBH or DVC. Peripheral hormones and cellular metabolic markers were unaltered by chronic APD treatment. Acute liraglutide co-treatment was unable to prevent clozapine-induced hyperglycaemia, but it did alter catecholamine levels. CONCLUSION The unexpected lack of change to central and peripheral markers following chronic treatment, despite the presence of weight gain, may reflect adaptive mechanisms. Further studies examining alterations across different time points are required to continue to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the benefits of liraglutide on APD-induced metabolic side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilijana Babic
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,Neurohorizons Laboratory, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia.,Illawarra and Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Dominic Sellers
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Paul L Else
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Jessica Nealon
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Ashleigh L Osborne
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,Neurohorizons Laboratory, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Nagesh Pai
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia.,Illawarra and Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Katrina Weston-Green
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,Neurohorizons Laboratory, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia.,Illawarra and Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang C, Xiong M, Yang C, Yang D, Zheng J, Fan Y, Wang S, Gai Y, Lan X, Chen H, Zheng L, Huang K. PEGylated and Acylated Elabela Analogues Show Enhanced Receptor Binding, Prolonged Stability, and Remedy of Acute Kidney Injury. J Med Chem 2020; 63:16028-16042. [PMID: 33290073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI), mostly caused by renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and nephrotoxins, is characterized by rapid deterioration in renal-functions without effective drug treatment available. Through activation of a G protein-coupled receptor APJ, a furin-cleaved fragment of Elabela (ELA[22-32], E11), an endogenous APJ ligand, protects against renal I/R injury. However, the poor plasma stability and relatively weak APJ-binding ability of E11 limit its application. To address these issues, we rationally designed and synthesized a set of E11 analogues modified by palmitic acid (Pal) or polyethylene glycol; improved plasma stability and APJ-binding capacity of these analogues were achieved. In cultured renal tubular cells, these analogues protected against hypoxia-reperfusion or cisplatin-caused injury. For renal I/R-injured mice, these analogues showed improved reno-protective effects than E11; notably, Pal-E11 showed therapeutic effects at 24 h post I/R injury. These results present ELA analogues as potential therapeutic options in managing AKI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Mingrui Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chen Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dong Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yu Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shun Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional and Western Medicine, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yongkang Gai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaoli Lan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ling Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kun Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yuan P, Ma D, Gao X, Wang J, Li R, Liu Z, Wang T, Wang S, Liu J, Liu X. Liraglutide Ameliorates Erectile Dysfunction via Regulating Oxidative Stress, the RhoA/ROCK Pathway and Autophagy in Diabetes Mellitus. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1257. [PMID: 32903510 PMCID: PMC7435068 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Erectile dysfunction (ED) occurs more frequently and causes a worse response to the first-line therapies in diabetics compared with nondiabetic men. Corpus cavernosum vascular dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the occurrence of diabetes mellitus ED (DMED). The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog liraglutide on ED and explore the underlying mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. Methods Type 1 diabetes was induced in rats by streptozotocin, and the apomorphine test was for screening the DMED model in diabetic rats. Then they were randomly treated with subcutaneous injections of liraglutide (0.3 mg/kg/12 h) for 4 weeks. Erectile function was assessed by cavernous nerve electrostimulation. The corpus cavernosum was used for further study. In vitro, effects of liraglutide were evaluated by primary corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMCs) exposed to low or high glucose (HG)-containing medium with or without liraglutide and GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) inhibitor. Western blotting, fluorescent probe, immunohistochemistry, and relevant assay kits were performed to measure the levels of target proteins. Results Administration of liraglutide did not significantly affect plasma glucose and body weights in diabetic rats, but improved erectile function, reduced levels of NADPH oxidases and ROS production, downregulated expression of Ras homolog gene family (RhoA) and Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) 2 in the DMED group dramatically. The liraglutide treatment promoted autophagy further and restored expression of GLP-1R in the DMED group. Besides, cultured CCSMCs with liraglutide exhibited a lower level of oxidative stress accompanied by inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK pathway and a higher level of autophagy compared with HG treatment. These beneficial effects of liraglutide effectively reversed by GLP-1R inhibitor. Conclusion Liraglutide exerts protective effects on ED associated with the regulation of smooth muscle dysfunction, oxidative stress and autophagy, independently of a glucose- lowering effect. It provides new insight into the extrapancreatic actions of liraglutide and preclinical evidence for a potential treatment for DMED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Yuan
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Delin Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xintao Gao
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaogang Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaming Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Orally deliverable nanoformulation of liraglutide against type 2 diabetic rat model. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
15
|
Kaji N, Takagi Y, Matsuda S, Takahashi A, Fujio S, Asai F. Effects of liraglutide on metabolic syndrome in WBN/Kob diabetic fatty rats supplemented with a high-fat diet. Animal Model Exp Med 2020; 3:62-68. [PMID: 32318661 PMCID: PMC7167233 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liraglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, has recently been used to treat metabolic syndrome (MS) because of its anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects. We have previously shown that Wistar Bonn Kobori diabetic and fatty (WBN/Kob-Lepr fa , WBKDF) rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) developed MS including marked obesity, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. To obtain further information on WBKDF-HFD rats as a severe MS model, we performed a pharmacological investigation into the anti-MS effects of liraglutide in this model. METHODS Seven-week-old male WBKDF-HFD rats were allocated to three groups (N = 8 in each group): a vehicle group, a low-dose liraglutide group, and a high-dose liraglutide group. They received subcutaneous injections of either saline or liraglutide at doses of 75 or 300 μg/kg body weight once daily for 4 weeks. RESULTS Results showed that liraglutide treatment reduced body weight gain and food intake in a dose-dependent manner. The marked hyperglycemia and the glucose tolerance were also significantly ameliorated in the liraglutide-treated groups. Moreover, liraglutide also reduced the plasma triglyceride concentration and liver fat accumulation. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that liraglutide could significantly alleviate MS in WBKDF-HFD rats, and the reaction to liraglutide is similar to human patients with MS. WBKDF-HFD rats are therefore considered to be a useful model for research on severe human MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Kaji
- Laboratory of Veterinary PharmacologySchool of Veterinary MedicineAzabu UniversityKanagawaJapan
| | - Yoshiichi Takagi
- Laboratory of Veterinary PharmacologySchool of Veterinary MedicineAzabu UniversityKanagawaJapan
| | - Satomi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary PharmacologySchool of Veterinary MedicineAzabu UniversityKanagawaJapan
| | - Anna Takahashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary PharmacologySchool of Veterinary MedicineAzabu UniversityKanagawaJapan
| | - Sakurako Fujio
- Laboratory of Veterinary PharmacologySchool of Veterinary MedicineAzabu UniversityKanagawaJapan
| | - Fumitoshi Asai
- Laboratory of Veterinary PharmacologySchool of Veterinary MedicineAzabu UniversityKanagawaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang Y, Zhou G, Peng Y, Wang M, Li X. Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of a special fraction of Luohanguo extract on obese T2DM rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 247:112273. [PMID: 31586692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Luohanguo (LHG), a traditional Chinese medicine, could clear heat, moisten the lung, soothe the throat, restore the voice, and lubricate intestine and open the bowels. LHG has been utilized for the treatment of sore throats and hyperglycemia in folk medicine as a homology of medicine and food. The hypoglycemic pharmacology of LHG has attracted considerable attention, and mogrosides have been considered to be active ingredients against diabetes mellitus. We have found that these mogrosides could be metabolized into their secondary glycosides containing 1-3 glucose residues in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats in previous studies. These metabolites may be the antidiabetic components of LHG in vivo. Thus far, no reports have been found on reducing blood glucose of mogrosides containing 1-3 glucose residues. AIMS OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to confirm that mogrosides containing 1-3 glucose residues were the active components of LHG for antidiabetic effects and to understand their potential mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, the special fraction of mogrosides containing 1-3 glucose residues was separated from a 50% ethanol extract of LHG, and the chemical components were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and named low-polar Siraitia grosvenorii glycosides (L-SGgly). Second, the antidiabetic effects of L-SGgly were evaluated by HFD/STZ-induced (high-fat diet and streptozocin) obese T2DM rats by indexing fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), and insulin resistance, and then compared with other fractions in the separation process. The changes in serum lipid levels were also detected. Finally, possible mechanisms of antidiabetic activity of L-SGgly were identified as increasing GLP-1 levels and activating liver AMPK in T2DM rats. RESULTS The chemical analysis of L-SGgly showed that they contain 11-oxomogroside V, mogroside V, mogroside III, mogroside IIE, mogroside IIIA1, mogroside IIA1, and mogroside IA1, respectively. The total content of the mogrosides in L-SGgly was 54.4%, including 15.7% mogroside IIA1 and 12.6% mogroside IA1. L-SGgly showed excellent effects on obese T2DM rats compared with the other fractions of LHG extract, including significantly reducing the levels of FBG (p < 0.001) and modifying insulin resistance (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, they could significantly decrease the content of triglyceride (p < 0.01), total cholesterol (p < 0.01), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.01) and free fatty acid (p < 0.001) and increase the content of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.001) in serum of T2DM rats. Moreover, L-SGgly can significantly increase (p < 0.01) GLP-1 levels and decrease (p < 0.01) IL-6 levels in T2DM rat serum. AMPK-activating activity in T2DM rats was also upregulated by L-SGgly, but no statistical significance was shown. CONCLUSION L-SGgly, fractions separated from LHG extract, were verified to have obvious anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects on T2DM rats. Furthermore, L-SGgly regulated insulin secretion in T2DM rats by increasing GLP-1 levels. These findings provide an explanation for the antidiabetic role of LHG.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/analysis
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Chemical Fractionation
- Cucurbitaceae/chemistry
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/analysis
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/metabolism
- Glycosides/analysis
- Glycosides/isolation & purification
- Glycosides/pharmacology
- Glycosides/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/analysis
- Hypoglycemic Agents/isolation & purification
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Hypolipidemic Agents/analysis
- Hypolipidemic Agents/isolation & purification
- Hypolipidemic Agents/pharmacology
- Hypolipidemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Insulin/metabolism
- Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
- Male
- Obesity/blood
- Obesity/drug therapy
- Obesity/etiology
- Rats
- Streptozocin/toxicity
- Triterpenes/analysis
- Triterpenes/isolation & purification
- Triterpenes/pharmacology
- Triterpenes/therapeutic use
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Guisheng Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ying Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mengyue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sonne N, Larsen AT, Andreassen KV, Karsdal MA, Henriksen K. The Dual Amylin and Calcitonin Receptor Agonist, KBP-066, Induces an Equally Potent Weight Loss Across a Broad Dose Range While Higher Doses May Further Improve Insulin Action. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 373:92-102. [PMID: 31992608 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.263723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological treatment with dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonists (DACRAs) cause significant weight loss and improvement of glucose homeostasis. In this study, the maximally efficacious dose of the novel DACRA, KeyBiosciencePeptide (KBP)-066, was investigated. Two different rat models were used: high-fat diet (HFD)-fed male Sprague-Dawley rats and male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF, fa/fa) rats to determine the maximum weight loss and glucose homeostatic effect, respectively. One acute study and one chronic study was performed in HFD rats. Two chronic studies were performed in ZDF rats: a preventive and an interventive. All studies covered a dose range of 5, 50, and 500 µg/kg KBP-066 delivered by subcutaneous injection. Treatment with KBP-066 resulted in a significant weight reduction of 13%-16% and improved glucose tolerance in HFD rats, which was independent of dose concentration. Dosing with 50 and 500 µg/kg led to a transient but significant increase in blood glucose, both in the acute and the chronic study in HFD rats. All doses of KBP-066 significantly improved glucose homeostasis in ZDF rats, both in the preventive and interventive study. Moreover, dosing with 50 and 500 µg/kg preserved insulin secretion to a greater extent than 5 µg/kg when compared with ZDF vehicle rats. Taken together, these results show that maximum weight loss is achieved with 5 µg/kg, which is within the range of previously reported DACRA dosing, whereas increasing dosing concentration to 50 and 500 µg/kg may further improve preservation of insulin secretion compared with 5 µg/kg in diabetic ZDF rats. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Here we show that KeyBiosciencePeptide (KBP)-066 induces an equally potent body weight loss across a broad dose range in obese rats. However, higher dosing of KBP-066 may improve insulin action in diabetic rats both as preventive and interventive treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Sonne
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anna Thorsø Larsen
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Kim Vietz Andreassen
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Morten Asser Karsdal
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Kim Henriksen
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Herlev, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Papaetis GS. Liraglutide Therapy in a Prediabetic State: Rethinking the Evidence. Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; 16:699-715. [PMID: 31886752 DOI: 10.2174/1573399816666191230113446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prediabetes is defined as a state of glucose metabolism between normal glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. Continuous β-cell failure and death are the reasons for the evolution from normal glucose tolerance to prediabetes and finally type 2 diabetes. INTRODUCTION The necessity of new therapeutic approaches in order to prevent or delay the development of type 2 diabetes is obligatory. Liraglutide, a long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist, has 97% homology for native GLP-1. Identification of the trophic and antiapoptotic properties of liraglutide in preclinical studies, together with evidence of sustained β-cell function longevity during its administration in type 2 diabetes individuals, indicated its earliest possible administration during this disease, or even before its development, so as to postpone or delay its onset. METHODS Pubmed and Google databases have been thoroughly searched and relevant studies were selected. RESULTS This paper explores the current evidence of liraglutide administration both in humans and animal models with prediabetes. Also, it investigates the safety profile of liraglutide treatment and its future role to postpone or delay the evolution of type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSION Liralgutide remains a valuable tool in our therapeutic armamentarium for individuals who are overweight or obese and have prediabetes. Future well designed studies will give valuable information that will help clinicians to stratify individuals who will derive the most benefit from this agent, achieving targeted therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios S Papaetis
- Internal Medicine and Diabetes Clinic, Eleftherios Venizelos Avenue 62, Paphos, Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Saber SM, Abd El-Rahman HA. Liraglutide treatment effects on rat ovarian and uterine tissues. Reprod Biol 2019; 19:237-244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
20
|
Knudsen LB. Inventing Liraglutide, a Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Analogue, for the Treatment of Diabetes and Obesity. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2019; 2:468-484. [PMID: 32259078 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has been in focus since the early 1980s as a long looked for incretin hormone, released from the gastrointestinal tract and with an important effect on glucose-dependent insulin secretion, providing efficient glucose lowering, with little risk for hypoglycemia. The enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) degrades GLP-1 very fast, and the remaining metabolite is cleared rapidly by the kidneys. Liraglutide is a fatty acid acylated analogue of GLP-1 that provides efficacy for 24 h/day. The mechanism of action for liraglutide is reviewed in detail with focus on pancreatic efficacy and safety, thyroid safety, and weight loss mechanism. Evolving science hypothesizes that GLP-1 has important effects on atherosclerosis, relevant for the cardiovascular benefit seen in the treatment of diabetes and obesity. Also, GLP-1 may be relevant in neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Bjerre Knudsen
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ramzy MM, Abdalla AM, Zenhom NM, Okasha AM, Abdelkafy AE, Saleh RK. Therapeutic effect of liraglutide on expression of CTGF and BMP-7 in induced diabetic nephropathy. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:17512-17519. [PMID: 31127659 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the critical complications of diabetes mellitus and the main cause of chronic renal dysfunction. The pathogenic mechanism causing the disease remains unclear and there is a lack of effective treatment methods so novel strategies are needed for DN management. The aim of this study, therefore, is to evaluate the effect of liraglutide as glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue and its underlying mechanisms on induced DN in rats MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty rats were divided into control group, diabetic group, and liraglutide-treated group. At the end of experiment, renal CTGF and BMP-7 messeger RNA expression were determined. Blood sugar, serum urea, and creatinine were measured. Also, histopathological changes were studied. RESULTS Liraglutide can improve renal alterations associated with diabetes as it reduced CTGF expression and increased BMP-7 expression. In the same time, it could improve histopathological changes and renal function tests. CONCLUSION These findings influence the beneficial use of liraglutide for the management of DN in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maggie M Ramzy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt
| | - Ahlam M Abdalla
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt
| | - Nagwa M Zenhom
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Okasha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt
| | - Aya E Abdelkafy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt
| | - Rabeh K Saleh
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang Q, Xiao X, Zheng J, Li M. A glucagon-like peptide-1 analog, liraglutide, ameliorates endothelial dysfunction through miRNAs to inhibit apoptosis in rats. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6567. [PMID: 30863684 PMCID: PMC6408912 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Many studies have revealed that glucagon-like peptide-1 has vasoprotective effects. In this study, we investigated whether liraglutide suppressed endothelial dysfunction and explored the mechanism involved. Methods Experimental diabetes was induced through combined high-fat diet administration and intraperitoneal streptozotocin injections. Rats were randomly divided into the following four groups: control, diabetes, diabetes + a low liraglutide dose (0.2 mg/kg/d), and diabetes + a high liraglutide dose (0.4 mg/kg/d). Endothelial function and metabolic parameters were measured after 8 weeks of treatment. miRNA arrays were analyzed to identify the differentially expressed miRNAs. Results We found that liraglutide significantly improved aortic endothelial function in diabetic rats. Liraglutide inhibited miR-93-5p, miR-181a-5p and miR-34a-5p expression, and activated miR-26a-5p expression. miRNA mimic transfection experiments indicated negative relationships between miR-93-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-34a-5p, and miR-26a-5p and Sirt1, Creb, Bcl-2, and Pten expression, respectively. Moreover, liraglutide increased Sirt1, Creb, and Bcl-2 expression levels and reduced Pten expression level. Conclusion Our results demonstrate the role of key miRNAs in the liraglutide-mediated regulation of endothelial cell function in diabetic rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Song TH, Lee SD, Ha YE, Choi KJ, Lee SH, Kim YH, Suh KH, Chun YJ. WITHDRAWN: HM47118A, a novel insulinotropic GPR119 agonist and potential oral antidiabetic agent. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019:S0168-8227(18)31385-8. [PMID: 30641165 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hun Song
- Hanmi Research Center, Hanmi Pharm. Co., Ltd., 550 Dongtangiheung-ro, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 18469, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Don Lee
- Hanmi Research Center, Hanmi Pharm. Co., Ltd., 550 Dongtangiheung-ro, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 18469, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Eun Ha
- Hanmi Research Center, Hanmi Pharm. Co., Ltd., 550 Dongtangiheung-ro, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 18469, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Choi
- Hanmi Research Center, Hanmi Pharm. Co., Ltd., 550 Dongtangiheung-ro, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 18469, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Lee
- Hanmi Research Center, Hanmi Pharm. Co., Ltd., 550 Dongtangiheung-ro, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 18469, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Hanmi Research Center, Hanmi Pharm. Co., Ltd., 550 Dongtangiheung-ro, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 18469, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwee Hyun Suh
- Hanmi Research Center, Hanmi Pharm. Co., Ltd., 550 Dongtangiheung-ro, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 18469, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Knudsen LB, Lau J. The Discovery and Development of Liraglutide and Semaglutide. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:155. [PMID: 31031702 PMCID: PMC6474072 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an incretin hormone with important effects on glycemic control and body weight regulation, led to efforts to extend its half-life and make it therapeutically effective in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The development of short- and then long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) followed. Our article charts the discovery and development of the long-acting GLP-1 analogs liraglutide and, subsequently, semaglutide. We examine the chemistry employed in designing liraglutide and semaglutide, the human and non-human studies used to investigate their cellular targets and pharmacological effects, and ongoing investigations into new applications and formulations of these drugs. Reversible binding to albumin was used for the systemic protraction of liraglutide and semaglutide, with optimal fatty acid and linker combinations identified to maximize albumin binding while maintaining GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) potency. GLP-1RAs mediate their effects via this receptor, which is expressed in the pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, heart, lungs, kidneys, and brain. GLP-1Rs in the pancreas and brain have been shown to account for the respective improvements in glycemic control and body weight that are evident with liraglutide and semaglutide. Both liraglutide and semaglutide also positively affect cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in individuals with T2D, although the precise mechanism is still being explored. Significant weight loss, through an effect to reduce energy intake, led to the approval of liraglutide (3.0 mg) for the treatment of obesity, an indication currently under investigation with semaglutide. Other ongoing investigations with semaglutide include the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NASH) and its use in an oral formulation for the treatment of T2D. In summary, rational design has led to the development of two long-acting GLP-1 analogs, liraglutide and semaglutide, that have made a vast contribution to the management of T2D in terms of improvements in glycemic control, body weight, blood pressure, lipids, beta-cell function, and CV outcomes. Furthermore, the development of an oral formulation for semaglutide may provide individuals with additional benefits in relation to treatment adherence. In addition to T2D, liraglutide is used in the treatment of obesity, while semaglutide is currently under investigation for use in obesity and NASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Bjerre Knudsen
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Lotte Bjerre Knudsen
| | - Jesper Lau
- Global Research Technology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Srinivasan MP, Shawky NM, Kaphalia BS, Thangaraju M, Segar L. Alcohol-induced ketonemia is associated with lowering of blood glucose, downregulation of gluconeogenic genes, and depletion of hepatic glycogen in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 160:46-61. [PMID: 30529690 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic ketoacidosis and diabetic ketoacidosis are life-threatening complications that share the characteristic features of high anion gap metabolic acidosis. Ketoacidosis is attributed in part to the massive release of ketone bodies (e.g., β-hydroxybutyrate; βOHB) from the liver into the systemic circulation. To date, the impact of ethanol consumption on systemic ketone concentration, glycemic control, and hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis remains largely unknown, especially in the context of type 2 diabetes. In the present study, ethanol intake (36% ethanol- and 36% fat-derived calories) by type 2 diabetic db/db mice for 9 days resulted in significant decreases in weight gain (∼19.5% ↓) and caloric intake (∼30% ↓). This was accompanied by a transition from macrovesicular-to-microvesicular hepatic steatosis with a modest increase in hepatic TG (∼37% ↑). Importantly, ethanol increased systemic βOHB concentration (∼8-fold ↑) with significant decreases in blood glucose (∼4-fold ↓) and plasma insulin and HOMA-IR index (∼3-fold ↓). In addition, ethanol enhanced hepatic βOHB content (∼5-fold ↑) and hmgcs2 mRNA expression (∼3.7-fold ↑), downregulated key gluconeogenic mRNAs (e.g., Pcx, Pck1, and G6pc), and depleted hepatic glycogen (∼4-fold ↓). Furthermore, ethanol intake led to significant decreases in the mRNA/protein expression and allosteric activation of glycogen synthase (GS) in liver tissues regardless of changes in the phosphorylation of GS, GSK-3β, or Akt. Together, our findings suggest that ethanol-induced ketonemia may occur in concomitance with significant lowering of blood glucose concentration, which may be attributed to suppression of gluconeogenesis in the setting of glycogen depletion in type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mukund P Srinivasan
- Center for Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Noha M Shawky
- Center for Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Bhupendra S Kaphalia
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Muthusamy Thangaraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Lakshman Segar
- Center for Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA; Vascular Biology Center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abbas NA, El. Salem A. Metformin, sitagliptin, and liraglutide modulate serum retinol-binding protein-4 level and adipocytokine production in type 2 diabetes mellitus rat model. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:1226-1231. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many adipocytokines correlate with obesity and insulin resistance. We examined the effects of metformin, sitagliptin, and liraglutide in diabetic rats. Group 1: control normal (CN) rats received oral saline daily. Group 2: diabetic non-treated (DNT) rats were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) to get diabetic then after 72 h received oral saline daily. Group 3: rats were injected with STZ then after 72 h were treated with metformin (200 mg/kg) orally. Group 4: rats were injected with STZ then after 72 h received sitagliptin 6 mg/kg orally twice daily. Group 5: rats were injected with STZ then after 72 h were treated with liraglutide at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg every 12 h subcutaneous injection. After 8 weeks, body mass, fasting blood glucose, adipocytokines, and lipid profile were assessed. From the results, we concluded that the 3 drugs improved blood glucose and insulin resistance with correction of adipocytokines serum levels; however, the liraglutide-treated group was the only group that showed significant body mass reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noha A.T. Abbas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amal El. Salem
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Moreira GV, Azevedo FF, Ribeiro LM, Santos A, Guadagnini D, Gama P, Liberti EA, Saad M, Carvalho C. Liraglutide modulates gut microbiota and reduces NAFLD in obese mice. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 62:143-154. [PMID: 30292107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and diabetes are associated with obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aggressive form of a fatty liver disease may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, recent studies demonstrated that there is a dysbiosis in the gut microbiota associated with early stages of metabolic disease. Therefore, the identification and repurposing of drugs already used to treat insulin resistance may be an excellent option for other disorders. We evaluated the effect of liraglutide on obesity, NAFLD and gut microbiota modulation in two different animal models of obesity: the ob/ob mice and the high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Liraglutide treatment induced significant weight loss in both obesity models, showed improvements in glycemic parameters and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the cecum and the liver. In ob/ob mice, the liraglutide treatment was able to reduce the accumulation of liver fat by 78% and reversed steatosis in the HFD mice. The gut microbiota analysis showed that liraglutide changed the overall composition as well as the relative abundance of weight-relevant phylotypes such as a reduction of Proteobacteria and an increase of Akkermansia muciniphila in the treated HFD group. We show that liraglutide can lead to weight loss and gut microbiota modulations, and is associated with an improvement of NAFLD. Furthermore, by generating a profile of the intestinal microbiota, we compiled a list of potential bacterial targets that may modulate metabolism and induce a metabolic profile that is considered normal or clinically controlled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G V Moreira
- Institute Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo-Department of Physiology and Biophysical
| | - F F Azevedo
- State University of Campinas-School of Nursing
| | - L M Ribeiro
- Institute Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo-Department of Physiology and Biophysical
| | - A Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas
| | - D Guadagnini
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas
| | - P Gama
- Institute Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo-Department of Cell and Developmental Biology
| | - E A Liberti
- Institute Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo-Department of Anatomy
| | - Mja Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas
| | - Cro Carvalho
- Institute Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo-Department of Physiology and Biophysical.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li Y, Zheng J, Shen Y, Li W, Liu M, Wang J, Zhu S, Wu M. Comparative Study of Liraglutide and Insulin Glargine on Glycemic Control and Pancreatic β-Cell Function in db/db Mice. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:3293-3300. [PMID: 29777582 PMCID: PMC5987616 DOI: 10.12659/msm.907227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to compare the effects of liraglutide, a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, and insulin glargine, a long-acting insulin analog, on glycemic control and pancreatic β-cell function in db/db mice. Material/Methods Eight-week-old male db/db mice (n=40) were divided into five groups: the vehicle-treated group (VG) (n=8); the insulin glargine-treated group (GG) (dose, 450 mg/kg) (n=8), the low-dose liraglutide-treated group (LLG) (dose, 75 μg/kg) (n=8), the mid-dose liraglutide-treated group (MLG) (150 μg/kg) (n=8), and the high-dose liraglutide-treated group (HLG) (300 μg/kg) (n=8), treated with subcutaneous injection once daily, from 8–14 weeks-of-age. Body weight, pancreatic weight, levels of blood glucose, triacylglycerol, C-peptide, and the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) were used. Expression levels of the INS1 gene were measured using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1), paired box 4 (Pax4), and paired box 6 (Pax6) mRNA expression were measured. Results Both insulin glargine and liraglutide improved glycemic control of db/db mice when compared with vehicle. The following were significantly increased in the HLG compared with the GG: the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) for the IPGTT; C-peptide levels; the pancreas to body weight coefficient; expression levels of the INS1 gene and pancreatic transcription factors Pdx1, Pax4 and Pax6. Liraglutide treatment was without hypoglycemic effects. Conclusions Liraglutide acted in a dose-dependent manner on glycemic control of db/db mice, and was more effective than insulin glargine, when administered at a high dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Jia Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yunfeng Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland).,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute for the study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, , China (mainland)
| | - Wangen Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Meimei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Ji'an Central Hospital, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Surong Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Meihua Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Babic I, Gorak A, Engel M, Sellers D, Else P, Osborne AL, Pai N, Huang XF, Nealon J, Weston-Green K. Liraglutide prevents metabolic side-effects and improves recognition and working memory during antipsychotic treatment in rats. J Psychopharmacol 2018; 32:578-590. [PMID: 29493378 DOI: 10.1177/0269881118756061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antipsychotic drugs (APDs), olanzapine and clozapine, do not effectively address the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia and can cause serious metabolic side-effects. Liraglutide is a synthetic glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist with anti-obesity and neuroprotective properties. The aim of this study was to examine whether liraglutide prevents weight gain/hyperglycaemia side-effects and cognitive deficits when co-administered from the commencement of olanzapine and clozapine treatment. METHODS Rats were administered olanzapine (2 mg/kg, three times daily (t.i.d.)), clozapine (12 mg/kg, t.i.d.), liraglutide (0.2 mg/kg, twice daily (b.i.d.)), olanzapine + liraglutide co-treatment, clozapine + liraglutide co-treatment or vehicle (Control) ( n = 12/group, 6 weeks). Recognition and working memory were examined using Novel Object Recognition (NOR) and T-Maze tests. Body weight, food intake, adiposity, locomotor activity and glucose tolerance were examined. RESULTS Liraglutide co-treatment prevented olanzapine- and clozapine-induced reductions in the NOR test discrimination ratio ( p < 0.001). Olanzapine, but not clozapine, reduced correct entries in the T-Maze test ( p < 0.05 versus Control) while liraglutide prevented this deficit. Liraglutide reduced olanzapine-induced weight gain and adiposity. Olanzapine significantly decreased voluntary locomotor activity and liraglutide co-treatment partially reversed this effect. Liraglutide improved clozapine-induced glucose intolerance. CONCLUSION Liraglutide co-treatment improved aspects of cognition, prevented obesity side-effects of olanzapine, and the hyperglycaemia caused by clozapine, when administered from the start of APD treatment. The results demonstrate a potential treatment for individuals at a high risk of experiencing adverse effects of APDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilijana Babic
- 1 Centre for Medical and Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,2 Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,3 Illawarra and Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,4 School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Gorak
- 2 Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,4 School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Martin Engel
- 1 Centre for Medical and Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,2 Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Dominic Sellers
- 2 Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,4 School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Else
- 2 Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,4 School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Ashleigh L Osborne
- 1 Centre for Medical and Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,3 Illawarra and Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,4 School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Nagesh Pai
- 2 Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,3 Illawarra and Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,4 School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Xu-Feng Huang
- 1 Centre for Medical and Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,2 Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,4 School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jessica Nealon
- 2 Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,4 School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Katrina Weston-Green
- 1 Centre for Medical and Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,2 Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,4 School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Understanding of the neural and physiological substrates of hunger and satiety has increased rapidly over the last three decades, and pharmacological targets have already been identified for the treatment of obesity that has moved from pre-clinical screening to therapies approved by regulatory authorities. Initially, this review describes the way in which physiological signals of energy availability interact with hedonic and rewarding properties of food to modulate the neural circuitry that supports eating behaviour. This is followed by a brief account of current and promising targets for drug development and a review of the wide range of preclinical paradigms that model important influences on human eating behaviour, and can be used to guide early stages of the drug development process.
Collapse
|
31
|
Skarbaliene J, Rigbolt KT, Fosgerau K, Billestrup N. In-vitro and in-vivo studies supporting the therapeutic potential of ZP3022 in diabetes. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 815:181-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
32
|
Medras ZJH, El-Sayed NM, Zaitone SA, Toraih EA, Sami MM, Moustafa YM. Glutamine up-regulates pancreatic sodium-dependent neutral aminoacid transporter-2 and mitigates islets apoptosis in diabetic rats. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 70:233-242. [PMID: 29475006 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutamine aminoacid regulates insulin exocytosis from pancreatic β-cells. Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue that has fascinated function in inhibiting β-cell apoptosis and preserving pancreatic β-cell mass. The present study investigated the benefit of adding glutamine to a regimen of liraglutide in diabetic rats focusing on their role in increasing insulin production and upregulation of the expression of sodium-dependent neutral aminoacid transporter-2 (SNAT2). METHODS In the present study, diabetes mellitus was induced in rats using streptozotocin (STZ, 50mg/kg, ip). Male rats were allocated into 5 groups, (i) vehicle group, (ii) STZ-diabetic rats, (iii) STZ-diabetic rats treated with liraglutide (150μg/kg, sc), (iv) STZ-diabetic rats treated with glutamine (po) and (v) STZ-diabetic rats treated with a combination of liraglutide and glutamine for four weeks. After finishing the therapeutic courses, the fasting blood glucose value was determined and rats were sacrificed. Pancreases were used for quantification of mRNA expression for SNAT2. Paraffin fixed samples were used for histologic staining and immunohistochemistry for insulin and apoptosis markers (activated caspase-3, BCL2 and BAX). RESULTS Treatment with liraglutide and/or glutamine enhanced insulin production and hence glycemic control in diabetic male rats with favorable effects on apoptosis markers. Treatment with glutamine and its combination with liraglutide significantly increased pancreatic expression of SNAT2 by approximately 30-35 folds. CONCLUSION Addition of glutamine to liraglutide regimen enhances the glycemic control and may have utility in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Norhan M El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Sawsan A Zaitone
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Eman A Toraih
- Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Manal M Sami
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Yasser M Moustafa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gaballah HH, Zakaria SS, Mwafy SE, Tahoon NM, Ebeid AM. Mechanistic insights into the effects of quercetin and/or GLP-1 analogue liraglutide on high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 92:331-339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
|
34
|
Breuer TGK, Borker L, Quast DR, Tannapfel A, Schmidt WE, Uhl W, Meier JJ. Impact of proton pump inhibitor treatment on pancreatic beta-cell area and beta-cell proliferation in humans. Eur J Endocrinol 2016; 175:467-76. [PMID: 27562401 DOI: 10.1530/eje-16-0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastrin has been shown to promote beta-cell proliferation in rodents, but its effects in adult humans are largely unclear. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) lead to endogenous hypergastrinaemia, and improved glucose control during PPI therapy has been reported in patients with diabetes. Therefore, we addressed whether PPI treatment is associated with improved glucose homoeostasis, islet cell hyperplasia or increased new beta-cell formation in humans. PATIENTS AND METHODS Pancreatic tissue specimens from 60 patients with and 33 patients without previous PPI therapy were examined. The group was subdivided into patients without diabetes (n = 27), pre-diabetic patients (n = 31) and patients with diabetes (n = 35). RESULTS Fasting glucose and HbA1c levels were not different between patients with and without PPI therapy (P = 0.34 and P = 0.30 respectively). Beta-cell area was higher in patients without diabetes than in patients with pre-diabetes or diabetes (1.33 ± 0.12%, 1.05 ± 0.09% and 0.66 ± 0.07% respectively; P < 0.0001). There was no difference in beta-cell area between patients with and without PPI treatment (1.05 ± 0.08% vs 0.87 ± 0.08%, respectively; P = 0.16). Beta-cell replication was rare and not different between patients with and without PPI therapy (P = 0.20). PPI treatment was not associated with increased duct-cell replication (P = 0.18), insulin expression in ducts (P = 0.28) or beta-cell size (P = 0.63). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that in adult humans, chronic PPI treatment does not enhance beta-cell mass or beta-cell function to a relevant extent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G K Breuer
- Diabetes DivisionSt. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Laura Borker
- Diabetes DivisionSt. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel R Quast
- Diabetes DivisionSt. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang E Schmidt
- Diabetes DivisionSt. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Waldemar Uhl
- Department of SurgerySt. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Juris J Meier
- Diabetes DivisionSt. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Characterization of liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, in rat partial and full nigral 6-hydroxydopamine lesion models of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res 2016; 1646:354-365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
36
|
Chai W, Fu Z, Aylor KW, Barrett EJ, Liu Z. Liraglutide prevents microvascular insulin resistance and preserves muscle capillary density in high-fat diet-fed rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 311:E640-8. [PMID: 27436611 PMCID: PMC5142002 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00205.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Muscle microvasculature critically regulates endothelial exchange surface area to facilitate transendothelial delivery of insulin, nutrients, and oxygen to myocytes. Insulin resistance blunts insulin-mediated microvascular recruitment and decreases muscle capillary density; both contribute to lower microvascular blood volume. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and its analogs are able to dilate blood vessels and stimulate endothelial cell proliferation. In this study, we aim to determine the effects of sustained stimulation of the GLP-1 receptors on insulin-mediated capillary recruitment and metabolic insulin responses, small arterial endothelial function, and muscle capillary density. Rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 wk with or without simultaneous administration of liraglutide and subjected to a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp for 120 min after an overnight fast. Insulin-mediated muscle microvascular recruitment and muscle oxygenation were determined before and during insulin infusion. Muscle capillary density was determined and distal saphenous artery used for determination of endothelial function and insulin-mediated vasodilation. HFD induced muscle microvascular insulin resistance and small arterial vessel endothelial dysfunction and decreased muscle capillary density. Simultaneous treatment of HFD-fed rats with liraglutide prevented all of these changes and improved insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. These were associated with a significantly increased AMPK phosphorylation and the expressions of VEGF and its receptors. We conclude that GLP-1 receptor agonists may exert their salutary glycemic effect via improving microvascular insulin sensitivity and muscle capillary density during the development of insulin resistance, and early use of GLP-1 receptor agonists may attenuate metabolic insulin resistance as well as prevent cardiovascular complications of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Chai
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Zhuo Fu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Kevin W Aylor
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Eugene J Barrett
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Zhenqi Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Steven S, Jurk K, Kopp M, Kröller-Schön S, Mikhed Y, Schwierczek K, Roohani S, Kashani F, Oelze M, Klein T, Tokalov S, Danckwardt S, Strand S, Wenzel P, Münzel T, Daiber A. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor signalling reduces microvascular thrombosis, nitro-oxidative stress and platelet activation in endotoxaemic mice. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 174:1620-1632. [PMID: 27435156 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Excessive inflammation in sepsis causes microvascular thrombosis and thrombocytopenia associated with organ dysfunction and high mortality. The present studies aimed to investigate whether inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and supplementation with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists improved endotoxaemia-associated microvascular thrombosis via immunomodulatory effects. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Endotoxaemia was induced in C57BL/6J mice by a single injection of LPS (17.5 mg kg-1 for survival and 10 mg kg-1 for all other studies). For survival studies, treatment was started 6 h after LPS injection. For all other studies, drugs were injected 48 h before LPS treatment. KEY RESULTS Mice treated with LPS alone showed severe thrombocytopenia, microvascular thrombosis in the pulmonary circulation (fluorescence imaging), increased LDH activity, endothelial dysfunction and increased markers of inflammation in aorta and whole blood (leukocyte-dependent oxidative burst, nitrosyl-iron haemoglobin, a marker of nitrosative stress, and expression of inducible NOS). Treatment with the DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin or the GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide, as well as genetic deletion of DPP-4 (DPP4-/- mice) improved all these parameters. In GLP-1 receptor-deficient mice, both linagliptin and liraglutide lost their beneficial effects and improvement of prognosis. Incubation of platelets and cultured monocytes (containing GLP-1 receptor protein) with GLP-1 receptor agonists inhibited the monocytic oxidative burst and platelet activation, with a GLP-1 receptor-dependent elevation of cAMP levels and PKA activation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS GLP-1 receptor activation in platelets by linagliptin and liraglutide strongly attenuated endotoxaemia-induced microvascular thrombosis and mortality by a cAMP/PKA-dependent mechanism, preventing systemic inflammation, vascular dysfunction and end organ damage. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Redox Biology and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.12/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Steven
- Centre for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kerstin Jurk
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kopp
- Centre for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Swenja Kröller-Schön
- Centre for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yuliya Mikhed
- Centre for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schwierczek
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Siyer Roohani
- Centre for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Kashani
- Centre for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Centre for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Klein
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Sergey Tokalov
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sven Danckwardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Strand
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philip Wenzel
- Centre for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Centre for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Centre for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tudurí E, López M, Diéguez C, Nadal A, Nogueiras R. Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Analogs and their Effects on Pancreatic Islets. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:304-318. [PMID: 27062006 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) exerts many actions that improve glycemic control. GLP-1 stimulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and protects β cells, while its extrapancreatic effects include cardioprotection, reduction of hepatic glucose production, and regulation of satiety. Although an appealing antidiabetic drug candidate, the rapid degradation of GLP-1 by dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) means that its therapeutic use is unfeasible, and this prompted the development of two main GLP-1 therapies: long-acting GLP-1 analogs and DPP-4 inhibitors. In this review, we focus on the pancreatic effects exerted by current GLP-1 derivatives used to treat diabetes. Based on the results from in vitro and in vivo studies in humans and animal models, we describe the specific actions of GLP-1 analogs on the synthesis, processing, and secretion of insulin, islet morphology, and β cell proliferation and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tudurí
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
| | - Miguel López
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain; Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain; Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Angel Nadal
- Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain; Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Holubová M, Zemenová J, Mikulášková B, Panajotova V, Stöhr J, Haluzík M, Kuneš J, Železná B, Maletínská L. Palmitoylated PrRP analog decreases body weight in DIO rats but not in ZDF rats. J Endocrinol 2016; 229:85-96. [PMID: 26906745 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Anorexigenic neuropeptides produced and acting in the brain have the potential to decrease food intake and ameliorate obesity, but are ineffective after peripheral application, owing to a limited ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. We have designed lipidized analogs of prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP), which is involved in energy balance regulation as demonstrated by obesity phenotypes of both Prrp-knockout and Prrp receptor-knockout mice. The aim of this study was to characterize the subchronic effect of a palmitoylated PrRP analog in two rat models of obesity and diabetes: diet-induced obese Sprague-Dawley rats and leptin receptor-deficient Zucker diabetic (ZDF) rats. In the rats with diet-induced obesity (DIO), a two-week intraperitoneal treatment with palmitoylated PrRP lowered food intake by 24% and body weight by 8%. This treatment also improved glucose tolerance and tended to decrease leptin levels and adipose tissue masses in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, in ZDF rats, the same treatment with palmitoylated PrRP lowered food intake but did not significantly affect body weight or glucose tolerance, probably in consequence of severe leptin resistance due to a nonfunctional leptin receptor. Our data indicate a good efficacy of lipidized PrRP in DIO rats. Thus, the strong anorexigenic, body weight-reducing, and glucose tolerance-improving effects make palmitoylated PrRP an attractive candidate for anti-obesity treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Holubová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Zemenová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Department of Analytical ChemistryUniversity of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Mikulášková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Institute of PhysiologyAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Martin Haluzík
- First Faculty of MedicineCharles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kuneš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Institute of PhysiologyAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Železná
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Maletínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Brill AL, Wisinski JA, Cadena MT, Thompson MF, Fenske RJ, Brar HK, Schaid MD, Pasker RL, Kimple ME. Synergy Between Gαz Deficiency and GLP-1 Analog Treatment in Preserving Functional β-Cell Mass in Experimental Diabetes. Mol Endocrinol 2016; 30:543-56. [PMID: 27049466 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A defining characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) pathophysiology is pancreatic β-cell death and dysfunction, resulting in insufficient insulin secretion to properly control blood glucose levels. Treatments that promote β-cell replication and survival, thus reversing the loss of β-cell mass, while also preserving β-cell function, could lead to a real cure for T1DM. The α-subunit of the heterotrimeric Gz protein, Gαz, is a tonic negative regulator of adenylate cyclase and downstream cAMP production. cAMP is one of a few identified signaling molecules that can simultaneously have a positive impact on pancreatic islet β-cell proliferation, survival, and function. The purpose of our study was to determine whether mice lacking Gαz might be protected, at least partially, from β-cell loss and dysfunction after streptozotocin treatment. We also aimed to determine whether Gαz might act in concert with an activator of the cAMP-stimulatory glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor, exendin-4 (Ex4). Without Ex4 treatment, Gαz-null mice still developed hyperglycemia, albeit delayed. The same finding held true for wild-type mice treated with Ex4. With Ex4 treatment, Gαz-null mice were protected from developing severe hyperglycemia. Immunohistological studies performed on pancreas sections and in vitro apoptosis, cytotoxicity, and survival assays demonstrated a clear effect of Gαz signaling on pancreatic β-cell replication and death; β-cell function was also improved in Gαz-null islets. These data support our hypothesis that a combination of therapies targeting both stimulatory and inhibitory pathways will be more effective than either alone at protecting, preserving, and possibly regenerating β-cell mass and function in T1DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Brill
- Department of Medicine (A.L.B., J.A.W., M.T.C., M.F.T., H.K.B., R.L.P., M.E.K.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology (M.E.K.); and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences (R.J.F., M.D.S., M.E.K.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison; and Research Service (A.L.B., J.A.W., M.T.C., M.F.T., R.J.F., H.K.B., M.D.S., M.E.K.), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Jaclyn A Wisinski
- Department of Medicine (A.L.B., J.A.W., M.T.C., M.F.T., H.K.B., R.L.P., M.E.K.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology (M.E.K.); and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences (R.J.F., M.D.S., M.E.K.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison; and Research Service (A.L.B., J.A.W., M.T.C., M.F.T., R.J.F., H.K.B., M.D.S., M.E.K.), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Mark T Cadena
- Department of Medicine (A.L.B., J.A.W., M.T.C., M.F.T., H.K.B., R.L.P., M.E.K.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology (M.E.K.); and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences (R.J.F., M.D.S., M.E.K.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison; and Research Service (A.L.B., J.A.W., M.T.C., M.F.T., R.J.F., H.K.B., M.D.S., M.E.K.), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Mary F Thompson
- Department of Medicine (A.L.B., J.A.W., M.T.C., M.F.T., H.K.B., R.L.P., M.E.K.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology (M.E.K.); and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences (R.J.F., M.D.S., M.E.K.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison; and Research Service (A.L.B., J.A.W., M.T.C., M.F.T., R.J.F., H.K.B., M.D.S., M.E.K.), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Rachel J Fenske
- Department of Medicine (A.L.B., J.A.W., M.T.C., M.F.T., H.K.B., R.L.P., M.E.K.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology (M.E.K.); and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences (R.J.F., M.D.S., M.E.K.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison; and Research Service (A.L.B., J.A.W., M.T.C., M.F.T., R.J.F., H.K.B., M.D.S., M.E.K.), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Harpreet K Brar
- Department of Medicine (A.L.B., J.A.W., M.T.C., M.F.T., H.K.B., R.L.P., M.E.K.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology (M.E.K.); and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences (R.J.F., M.D.S., M.E.K.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison; and Research Service (A.L.B., J.A.W., M.T.C., M.F.T., R.J.F., H.K.B., M.D.S., M.E.K.), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Michael D Schaid
- Department of Medicine (A.L.B., J.A.W., M.T.C., M.F.T., H.K.B., R.L.P., M.E.K.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology (M.E.K.); and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences (R.J.F., M.D.S., M.E.K.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison; and Research Service (A.L.B., J.A.W., M.T.C., M.F.T., R.J.F., H.K.B., M.D.S., M.E.K.), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Renee L Pasker
- Department of Medicine (A.L.B., J.A.W., M.T.C., M.F.T., H.K.B., R.L.P., M.E.K.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology (M.E.K.); and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences (R.J.F., M.D.S., M.E.K.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison; and Research Service (A.L.B., J.A.W., M.T.C., M.F.T., R.J.F., H.K.B., M.D.S., M.E.K.), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Michelle E Kimple
- Department of Medicine (A.L.B., J.A.W., M.T.C., M.F.T., H.K.B., R.L.P., M.E.K.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology (M.E.K.); and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences (R.J.F., M.D.S., M.E.K.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison; and Research Service (A.L.B., J.A.W., M.T.C., M.F.T., R.J.F., H.K.B., M.D.S., M.E.K.), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abdulreda MH, Rodriguez-Diaz R, Caicedo A, Berggren PO. Liraglutide Compromises Pancreatic β Cell Function in a Humanized Mouse Model. Cell Metab 2016; 23:541-6. [PMID: 26876561 PMCID: PMC4785083 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Incretin mimetics are frequently used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes because they potentiate β cell response to glucose. Clinical evidence showing short-term benefits of such therapeutics (e.g., liraglutide) is abundant; however, there have been several recent reports of unexpected complications in association with incretin mimetic therapy. Importantly, clinical evidence on the potential effects of such agents on the β cell and islet function during long-term, multiyear use remains lacking. We now show that prolonged daily liraglutide treatment of >200 days in humanized mice, transplanted with human pancreatic islets in the anterior chamber of the eye, is associated with compromised release of human insulin and deranged overall glucose homeostasis. These findings raise concern about the chronic potentiation of β cell function through incretin mimetic therapy in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Midhat H Abdulreda
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1450 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Rayner Rodriguez-Diaz
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Alejandro Caicedo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1450 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA; The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital L1, Stockholm SE-17176, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ke W, Liu L, Liu J, Chen A, Deng W, Zhang P, Cao X, Liao Z, Xiao H, Liu J, Li Y. Effects of Liraglutide Combined with Short-Term Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion on Glycemic Control and Beta Cell Function in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Pilot Study. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:6839735. [PMID: 26640805 PMCID: PMC4657099 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6839735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to investigate the effects of liraglutide in combination with short-term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy on glycemic control and beta cell function in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Thirty-nine eligible newly diagnosed T2DM patients were recruited and randomized to receive either of two therapies: short-term CSII alone (CSII alone group) or CSII in combination with liraglutide (CSII + Lira group) for 12 weeks. Blood glucose control, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) indices, and acute insulin response (AIR) were compared between the two groups. The patients in CSII + Lira group achieved euglycemia with equivalent insulin dosage in shorter time (1 (0) versus 2 (3) days, P = 0.039). HbA1c at the end of study was comparable between two groups (6.3 ± 0.7% versus 6.0 ± 0.5%, for CSII alone group and CSII + Lira group, resp., P = 0.325). The increment of AIR was higher in CSII + Lira group (177.58 (351.57) μU · min/mL versus 58.15 (51.30) μU · min/mL, P < 0.001). However, after stopping liraglutide, its effect on beta cell function disappeared completely. Liraglutide combined with short-term CSII was effective in further improving beta cell function, but the beneficial effects did not sustain after suspension of the therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Ke
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Liehua Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ailing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wanping Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Pengyuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaopei Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhihong Liao
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Haipeng Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jianbin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- *Yanbing Li:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Renner S, Blutke A, Streckel E, Wanke R, Wolf E. Incretin actions and consequences of incretin-based therapies: lessons from complementary animal models. J Pathol 2015; 238:345-58. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Renner
- Gene Centre, Centre for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM) and German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD); Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Germany
| | - Andreas Blutke
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Germany
| | - Elisabeth Streckel
- Gene Centre, Centre for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM) and German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD); Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Germany
| | - Rüdiger Wanke
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Gene Centre, Centre for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM) and German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD); Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Angptl4 links α-cell proliferation following glucagon receptor inhibition with adipose tissue triglyceride metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:15498-503. [PMID: 26621734 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1513872112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by a reduction in insulin function and an increase in glucagon activity that together result in hyperglycemia. Glucagon receptor antagonists have been developed as drugs for diabetes; however, they often increase glucagon plasma levels and induce the proliferation of glucagon-secreting α-cells. We find that the secreted protein Angiopoietin-like 4 (Angptl4) is up-regulated via Pparγ activation in white adipose tissue and plasma following an acute treatment with a glucagon receptor antagonist. Induction of adipose angptl4 and Angptl4 supplementation promote α-cell proliferation specifically. Finally, glucagon receptor antagonist improves glycemia in diet-induced obese angptl4 knockout mice without increasing glucagon levels or α-cell proliferation, underscoring the importance of this protein. Overall, we demonstrate that triglyceride metabolism in adipose tissue regulates α-cells in the endocrine pancreas.
Collapse
|
45
|
King A, Bowe J. Animal models for diabetes: Understanding the pathogenesis and finding new treatments. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 99:1-10. [PMID: 26432954 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.08.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a lifelong, metabolic disease that is characterised by an inability to maintain normal glucose homeostasis. There are several different forms of diabetes, however the two most common are Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is caused by the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells and a subsequent lack of insulin production, whilst Type 2 diabetes is due to a combination of both insulin resistance and an inability of the beta cells to compensate adequately with increased insulin release. Animal models are increasingly being used to elucidate the mechanisms underlying both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes as well as to identify and refine novel treatments. However, a wide range of different animal models are currently in use. The majority of these models are suited to addressing certain specific aspects of diabetes research, but may be of little use in other studies. All have pros and cons, and selecting an appropriate model for addressing a specific question is not always a trivial task and will influence the study results and their interpretation. Thus, as the number of available animal models increases it is important to consider the potential roles of these models in the many different aspects of diabetes research. This review gathers information on the currently used experimental animal models of both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes and evaluates their advantages and disadvantages for research purposes and details the factors that should be taken into account in their use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aileen King
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Hodgkin Building 2nd Floor, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
| | - James Bowe
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Hodgkin Building 2nd Floor, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Skarbaliene J, Secher T, Jelsing J, Neerup TSR, Billestrup N, Fosgerau K. The anti-diabetic effects of GLP-1-gastrin dual agonist ZP3022 in ZDF rats. Peptides 2015; 69:47-55. [PMID: 25849341 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Combination treatment with exendin-4 and gastrin has proven beneficial in treatment of diabetes and preservation of beta cell mass in diabetic mice. Here, we examined the chronic effects of a GLP-1-gastrin dual agonist ZP3022 on glycemic control and beta cell dysfunction in overtly diabetic Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats. METHODS ZDF rats aged 11 weeks were dosed s.c., b.i.d. for 8 weeks with vehicle, ZP3022, liraglutide, exendin-4, or gastrin-17 with or without exendin-4. Glycemic control was assessed by measurements of HbA1c and blood glucose levels, as well as glucose tolerance during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Beta cell dynamics were examined by morphometric analyses of beta and alpha cell fractions. RESULTS ZP3022 improved glycemic control as measured by terminal HbA1c levels (6.2±0.12 (high dose) vs. 7.9±0.07% (vehicle), P<0.001), as did all treatments, except gastrin-17 monotherapy. In contrast, only ZP3022, exendin-4 and combination treatment with exendin-4 and gastrin-17 significantly improved glucose tolerance and increased insulin levels during an OGTT. Moreover, only ZP3022 significantly enhanced the beta cell fraction in ZDF rats, a difference of 41%, when compared to the vehicle group (0.31±0.03 vs. 0.22±0.02%, respectively, P<0.05). CONCLUSION These data suggest that ZP3022 may have therapeutic potential in the prevention/delay of beta cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nils Billestrup
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Keld Fosgerau
- Research and Development, Zealand Pharma A/S, Glostrup, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Tamura K, Minami K, Kudo M, Iemoto K, Takahashi H, Seino S. Liraglutide improves pancreatic Beta cell mass and function in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126003. [PMID: 25938469 PMCID: PMC4418765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists potentiate glucose-induced insulin secretion. In addition, they have been reported to increase pancreatic beta cell mass in diabetic rodents. However, the precise mode of action of GLP-1 receptor agonists still needs to be elucidated. Here we clarify the effects of the human GLP-1 analog liraglutide on beta cell fate and function by using an inducible Cre/loxP-based pancreatic beta cell tracing system and alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Liraglutide was subcutaneously administered once daily for 30 days. The changes in beta cell mass were examined as well as glucose tolerance and insulin secretion. We found that chronic liraglutide treatment improved glucose tolerance and insulin response to oral glucose load. Thirty-day treatment with liraglutide resulted in a 2-fold higher mass of pancreatic beta cells than that in vehicle group. Liraglutide increased proliferation rate of pancreatic beta cells and prevented beta cells from apoptotic cells death. However, the relative abundance of YFP-labeled beta cells to total beta cells was no different before and after liraglutide treatment, suggesting no or little contribution of neogenesis to the increase in beta cell mass. Liraglutide reduced oxidative stress in pancreatic islet cells of alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of liraglutide in these mice were maintained two weeks after drug withdrawal. In conclusion, chronic liraglutide treatment improves hyperglycemia by ameliorating beta cell mass and function in alloxan-induced diabetic mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Tamura
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Minami
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- * E-mail: (KM); (SS)
| | - Maya Kudo
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Keisuke Iemoto
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Harumi Takahashi
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Susumu Seino
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- * E-mail: (KM); (SS)
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kahal H, Aburima A, Ungvari T, Rigby AS, Coady AM, Vince RV, Ajjan RA, Kilpatrick ES, Naseem KM, Atkin SL. The effects of treatment with liraglutide on atherothrombotic risk in obese young women with polycystic ovary syndrome and controls. BMC Endocr Disord 2015; 15:14. [PMID: 25880805 PMCID: PMC4389314 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-015-0005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with obesity and increased cardiovascular (CV) risk markers. In this study our aim was to assess the effects of six months treatment with liraglutide 1.8 mg od on obesity, and CV risk markers, particularly platelet function, in young obese women with PCOS compared to controls of similar age and weight. METHODS Carotid intima-media wall thickness (cIMT) was measured by B-mode ultrasonography, platelet function by flow cytometry, clot structure/lysis by turbidimetric assays and endothelial function by ELISA and post-ischaemic reactive hyperemia (RHI). Data presented as mean change (6-month - baseline) ± standard deviation. RESULTS Nineteen obese women with PCOS and 17 controls, of similar age and weight, were recruited; baseline atherothrombotic risk markers did not differ between the two groups. Twenty five (69.4%) participants completed the study (13 PCOS, 12 controls). At six months, weight was significantly reduced by 3.0 ± 4.2 and 3.8 ± 3.4 kg in the PCOS and control groups, respectively; with no significant difference between the two groups, P = 0.56. Similarly, HOMA-IR, triglyceride, hsCRP, urinary isoprostanes, serum endothelial adhesion markers (sP-selectin, sICAM and sVCAM), and clot lysis area were equally significantly reduced in both groups compared to baseline. Basal platelet P-selectin expression was significantly reduced at six months in controls -0.17 ± 0.26 but not PCOS -0.12 ± 0.28; between groups difference, 95% confidence interval = -0.14 - 0.26, P = 0.41. No significant changes were noted in cIMT or RHI. CONCLUSIONS Six months treatment with liraglutide (1.8 mg od) equally affected young obese women with PCOS and controls. In both groups, liraglutide treatment was associated with 3-4% weight loss and significant reduction in atherothrombosis markers including inflammation, endothelial function and clotting. Our data support the use of liraglutide as weight loss medication in simple obesity and suggest a potential beneficial effect on platelet function and atherothrombotic risk at 6 months of treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical trial reg. no. ISRCTN48560305. Date of registration 22/05/2012.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Kahal
- Academic Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK.
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK.
- Diabetes and Endocrinology, Diabetes Centre, York Hospital, Wigginton Road, York, YO31 8HE, UK.
| | - Ahmed Aburima
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK.
| | - Tamas Ungvari
- Department of Cardiology, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK.
| | - Alan S Rigby
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK.
| | - Anne M Coady
- Department of Radiology, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK.
| | - Rebecca V Vince
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health Science, University of Hull, Hull, UK.
| | - Ramzi A Ajjan
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute for Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, Leeds, UK.
| | - Eric S Kilpatrick
- Clinical Biochemistry, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK.
| | - Khalid M Naseem
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK.
| | - Stephen L Atkin
- Weill Cornell Medical College Qatar, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Preservation of the blood brain barrier and cortical neuronal tissue by liraglutide, a long acting glucagon-like-1 analogue, after experimental traumatic brain injury. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120074. [PMID: 25822252 PMCID: PMC4379006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral edema is a common complication following moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), and a significant risk factor for development of neuronal death and deterioration of neurological outcome. To this date, medical approaches that effectively alleviate cerebral edema and neuronal death after TBI are not available. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has anti-inflammatory properties on cerebral endothelium and exerts neuroprotective effects. Here, we investigated the effects of GLP-1 on secondary injury after moderate and severe TBI. Male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected either to TBI by Controlled Cortical Impact (CCI) or sham surgery. After surgery, vehicle or a GLP-1 analogue, Liraglutide, were administered subcutaneously twice daily for two days. Treatment with Liraglutide (200 μg/kg) significantly reduced cerebral edema in pericontusional regions and improved sensorimotor function 48 hours after CCI. The integrity of the blood-brain barrier was markedly preserved in Liraglutide treated animals, as determined by cerebral extravasation of Evans blue conjugated albumin. Furthermore, Liraglutide reduced cortical tissue loss, but did not affect tissue loss and delayed neuronal death in the thalamus on day 7 post injury. Together, our data suggest that the GLP-1 pathway might be a promising target in the therapy of cerebral edema and cortical neuronal injury after moderate and severe TBI.
Collapse
|
50
|
Inoue T, Inoguchi T, Sonoda N, Hendarto H, Makimura H, Sasaki S, Yokomizo H, Fujimura Y, Miura D, Takayanagi R. GLP-1 analog liraglutide protects against cardiac steatosis, oxidative stress and apoptosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Atherosclerosis 2015; 240:250-9. [PMID: 25818251 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accumulating evidence has implicated that GLP-1 may have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular but the mechanism is not fully understood. Here we show that GLP-1 analog, liraglutide, inhibits cardiac steatosis, oxidative stress and apoptosis in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic rats, via activation of AMPK-Sirt1 pathway. METHODS Diabetic rats were treated with subcutaneous injections of liraglutide (0.3 mg/kg/12 h) for 4 weeks. Myocardial steatosis (detected by oil red O staining and myocardial triglyceride and diacylglycerol (DAG) contents assay), expression of protein kinase C (PKC), heart NAD(P)H oxidase activity, oxidative stress markers (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine staining), apoptosis (TUNEL analysis) and genes that affect apoptosis and lipid metabolism were evaluated. RESULTS Administration of liraglutide did not affect plasma glucose and insulin levels or body weights in STZ-induced diabetic rats, but normalized myocardial steatosis, expression of PKC, NAD(P)H oxidase activity, oxidative stress markers and apoptosis, all of which were significantly increased in diabetic hearts. Additionally, expression of genes mediating lipid uptake, synthesis and oxidation were increased in the diabetic hearts, and these increases were all reduced by liraglutide. In addition, liraglutide increased expression of Sirt1 and phosphorylated AMPK in the diabetic hearts. CONCLUSIONS Liraglutide may have a beneficial effect on cardiac steatosis, DAG-PKC-NAD(P)H pathway, oxidative stress and apoptosis via activation of AMPK-Sirt1 pathway, independently of a glucose-lowering effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Inoue
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Toyoshi Inoguchi
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Noriyuki Sonoda
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hari Hendarto
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Makimura
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shuji Sasaki
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yokomizo
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fujimura
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Daisuke Miura
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Takayanagi
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| |
Collapse
|