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Poejo J, Gumerova NI, Rompel A, Mata AM, Aureliano M, Gutierrez-Merino C. Unveiling the agonistic properties of Preyssler-type Polyoxotungstates on purinergic P2 receptors. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 259:112640. [PMID: 38968927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The Preyssler-type polyoxotungstate ({P5W30}) belongs to the family of polyanionic metal-oxides formed by group V and VI metal ions, such as V, Mo and W, commonly known as polyoxometalates (POMs). POMs have demonstrated inhibitory effect on a significant number of ATP-binding proteins in vitro. Purinergic P2 receptors, widely expressed in eukaryotic cells, contain extracellularly oriented ATP-binding sites and play many biological roles with health implications. In this work, we use the immortalized mouse hippocampal neuronal HT-22 cells in culture to study the effects of {P5W30} on the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. Changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration were monitored using fluorescence microscopy of HT-22 cells loaded with the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator Fluo3. 31P-Nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of {P5W30} indicate its stability in the medium used for cytosolic Ca2+ measurements for over 30 min. The findings reveal that addition of {P5W30} to the extracellular medium induces a sustained increase of the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration within minutes. This Ca2+ increase is triggered by extracellular Ca2+ entry into the cells and is dose-dependent, with a half-of-effect concentration of 0.25 ± 0.05 μM {P5W30}. In addition, after the {P5W30}-induced cytosolic Ca2+ increase, the transient Ca2+ peak induced by extracellular ATP is reduced up to 100% with an apparent half-of-effect concentration of 0.15 ± 0.05 μM {P5W30}. Activation of metabotropic purinergic P2 receptors affords about 80% contribution to the increase of Fluo3 fluorescence elicited by {P5W30} in HT-22 cells, whereas ionotropic receptors contribute, at most, with 20%. These results suggest that {P5W30} could serve as a novel agonist of purinergic P2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Poejo
- Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Nadiia I Gumerova
- Universität Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Annette Rompel
- Universität Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ana M Mata
- Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Manuel Aureliano
- DCBB, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 8000-139 Faro, Portugal; Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, 8000-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Gutierrez-Merino
- Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain.
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2
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Riquelme MA, Wang X, Acosta FM, Zhang J, Chavez J, Gu S, Zhao P, Xiong W, Zhang N, Li G, Srinivasan S, Ma C, Rao MK, Sun LZ, Zhang N, An Z, Jiang JX. Antibody-activation of connexin hemichannels in bone osteocytes with ATP release suppresses breast cancer and osteosarcoma malignancy. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114377. [PMID: 38889005 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue represents the most frequent site of cancer metastasis. We developed a hemichannel-activating antibody, Cx43-M2. Cx43-M2, directly targeting osteocytes in situ, activates osteocytic hemichannels and elevates extracellular ATP, thereby inhibiting the growth and migration of cultured breast and osteosarcoma cancer cells. Cx43-M2 significantly decreases breast cancer metastasis, osteosarcoma growth, and osteolytic activity, while improving survival rates in mice. The antibody's inhibition of breast cancer and osteosarcoma is dose dependent in both mouse and human cancer metastatic models. Furthermore, Cx43-M2 enhances anti-tumor immunity by increasing the population and activation of tumor-infiltrating immune-promoting effector T lymphocytes, while reducing immune-suppressive regulatory T cells. Our results suggest that the Cx43-M2 antibody, by activating Cx43 hemichannels and facilitating ATP release and purinergic signaling, transforms the cancer microenvironment from a supportive to a suppressive state. Collectively, our study underscores the potential of Cx43-M2 as a therapeutic for treating breast cancer bone metastasis and osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A Riquelme
- Departments of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Microbiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Xuewei Wang
- Departments of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Microbiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Francisca M Acosta
- Departments of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Microbiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Jingruo Zhang
- Departments of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Microbiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Jeffery Chavez
- Departments of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Microbiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Sumin Gu
- Departments of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Microbiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Peng Zhao
- The Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei Xiong
- The Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- The Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guo Li
- Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Saranya Srinivasan
- Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Chaoyu Ma
- Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Manjeet K Rao
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA; Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Lu-Zhe Sun
- Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Nu Zhang
- Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Zhiqiang An
- The Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Jean X Jiang
- Departments of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Microbiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
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Golenkina EA, Viryasova GM, Galkina SI, Iakushkina IV, Gaponova TV, Romanova YM, Sud’ina GF. ATP and Formyl Peptides Facilitate Chemoattractant Leukotriene-B4 Synthesis and Drive Calcium Fluxes, Which May Contribute to Neutrophil Swarming at Sites of Cell Damage and Pathogens Invasion. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1184. [PMID: 38927391 PMCID: PMC11201259 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate that human neutrophil interaction with the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium fuels leukotriene B4 synthesis induced by the chemoattractant fMLP. In this work, we found that extracellular ATP (eATP), the amount of which increases sharply during tissue damage, can effectively regulate fMLP-induced leukotriene B4 synthesis. The vector of influence strongly depends on the particular stage of sequential stimulation of neutrophils by bacteria and on the stage at which fMLP purinergic signaling occurs. Activation of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), key enzyme of leukotriene biosynthesis, depends on an increase in the cytosolic concentration of Ca2+. We demonstrate that eATP treatment prior to fMLP, by markedly reducing the amplitude of the fMLP-induced Ca2+ transient jump, inhibits leukotriene synthesis. At the same time, when added with or shortly after fMLP, eATP effectively potentiates arachidonic acid metabolism, including by Ca2+ fluxes stimulation. Flufenamic acid, glibenclamide, and calmodulin antagonist R24571, all of which block calcium signaling in different ways, all suppressed 5-LOX product synthesis in our experimental model, indicating the dominance of calcium-mediated mechanisms in eATP regulatory potential. Investigation into the adhesive properties of neutrophils revealed the formation of cell clusters when adding fMLP to neutrophils exposed to the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium. eATP added simultaneously with fMLP supported neutrophil polarization and clustering. A cell-derived chemoattractant such as leukotriene B4 plays a crucial role in the recruitment of additional neutrophils to the foci of tissue damage or pathogen invasion, and eATP, through the dynamics of changes in [Ca2+]i, plays an important decisive role in fMLP-induced leukotrienes synthesis during neutrophil interactions with the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A. Golenkina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.G.); (G.M.V.); (S.I.G.); (I.V.I.)
| | - Galina M. Viryasova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.G.); (G.M.V.); (S.I.G.); (I.V.I.)
| | - Svetlana I. Galkina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.G.); (G.M.V.); (S.I.G.); (I.V.I.)
| | - Iuliia V. Iakushkina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.G.); (G.M.V.); (S.I.G.); (I.V.I.)
| | - Tatjana V. Gaponova
- National Research Center for Hematology, Russia Federation Ministry of Public Health, 125167 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Yulia M. Romanova
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Gamaleya National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Galina F. Sud’ina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.G.); (G.M.V.); (S.I.G.); (I.V.I.)
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Seo J, Liu H, Young K, Zhang X, Keku TO, Jones CD, North KE, Sandler RS, Peery AF. Genetic and transcriptomic landscape of colonic diverticulosis. Gut 2024; 73:932-940. [PMID: 38443061 PMCID: PMC11088512 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-331267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colonic diverticulosis is a prevalent condition among older adults, marked by the presence of thin-walled pockets in the colon wall that can become inflamed, infected, haemorrhage or rupture. We present a case-control genetic and transcriptomic study aimed at identifying the genetic and cellular determinants underlying this condition and the relationship with other gastrointestinal disorders. DESIGN We conducted DNA and RNA sequencing on colonic tissue from 404 patients with (N=172) and without (N=232) diverticulosis. We investigated variation in the transcriptome associated with diverticulosis and further integrated this variation with single-cell RNA-seq data from the human intestine. We also integrated our expression quantitative trait loci with genome-wide association study using Mendelian randomisation (MR). Furthermore, a Polygenic Risk Score analysis gauged associations between diverticulosis severity and other gastrointestinal disorders. RESULTS We discerned 38 genes with differential expression and 17 with varied transcript usage linked to diverticulosis, indicating tissue remodelling as a primary diverticula formation mechanism. Diverticula formation was primarily linked to stromal and epithelial cells in the colon including endothelial cells, myofibroblasts, fibroblasts, goblet, tuft, enterocytes, neurons and glia. MR highlighted five genes including CCN3, CRISPLD2, ENTPD7, PHGR1 and TNFSF13, with potential causal effects on diverticulosis. Notably, ENTPD7 upregulation was confirmed in diverticulosis cases. Additionally, diverticulosis severity was positively correlated with genetic predisposition to diverticulitis. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that tissue remodelling is a primary mechanism for diverticula formation. Individuals with an increased genetic proclivity to diverticulitis exhibit a larger numbers of diverticula on colonoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungkyun Seo
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kristin Young
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xinruo Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Temitope O Keku
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Corbin D Jones
- Department of Biology and Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert S Sandler
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anne F Peery
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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5
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Haq I, Ngo JC, Roy N, Pan RL, Nawsheen N, Chiu R, Zhang Y, Fujita M, Soni RK, Wu X, Bennett DA, Menon V, Olah M, Sher F. An integrated toolkit for human microglia functional genomics. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:104. [PMID: 38600587 PMCID: PMC11005142 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03700-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglia, the brain's resident immune cells, play vital roles in brain development, and disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD). Human iPSC-derived microglia (iMG) provide a promising model to study these processes. However, existing iMG generation protocols face challenges, such as prolonged differentiation time, lack of detailed characterization, and limited gene function investigation via CRISPR-Cas9. METHODS Our integrated toolkit for in-vitro microglia functional genomics optimizes iPSC differentiation into iMG through a streamlined two-step, 20-day process, producing iMG with a normal karyotype. We confirmed the iMG's authenticity and quality through single-cell RNA sequencing, chromatin accessibility profiles (ATAC-Seq), proteomics and functional tests. The toolkit also incorporates a drug-dependent CRISPR-ON/OFF system for temporally controlled gene expression. Further, we facilitate the use of multi-omic data by providing online searchable platform that compares new iMG profiles to human primary microglia: https://sherlab.shinyapps.io/IPSC-derived-Microglia/ . RESULTS Our method generates iMG that closely align with human primary microglia in terms of transcriptomic, proteomic, and chromatin accessibility profiles. Functionally, these iMG exhibit Ca2 + transients, cytokine driven migration, immune responses to inflammatory signals, and active phagocytosis of CNS related substrates including synaptosomes, amyloid beta and myelin. Significantly, the toolkit facilitates repeated iMG harvesting, essential for large-scale experiments like CRISPR-Cas9 screens. The standalone ATAC-Seq profiles of our iMG closely resemble primary microglia, positioning them as ideal tools to study AD-associated single nucleotide variants (SNV) especially in the genome regulatory regions. CONCLUSIONS Our advanced two-step protocol rapidly and efficiently produces authentic iMG. With features like the CRISPR-ON/OFF system and a comprehensive multi-omic data platform, our toolkit equips researchers for robust microglial functional genomic studies. By facilitating detailed SNV investigation and offering a sustainable cell harvest mechanism, the toolkit heralds significant progress in neurodegenerative disease drug research and therapeutic advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imdadul Haq
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason C Ngo
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nainika Roy
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard L Pan
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nadiya Nawsheen
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Chiu
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Neuroimmunology Core, Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ya Zhang
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Neuroimmunology Core, Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Masashi Fujita
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rajesh K Soni
- Proteomics Core, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xuebing Wu
- Department of Medicine, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vilas Menon
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marta Olah
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Falak Sher
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Orimoto A, Kitamura C, Ono K. Lipopolysaccharide-mediated ATP signaling regulates interleukin-6 mRNA expression via the P2-purinoceptor in human dental pulp cells. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:369-377. [PMID: 38225667 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Dental pulp cells play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of the pulp tissue. They actively respond to bacterial inflammation by producing proinflammatory cytokines, particularly interleukin-6 (IL-6). While many cell types release adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in response to various stimuli, the mechanisms and significance of ATP release in dental pulp cells under inflammatory conditions are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate ATP release and its relationship with IL-6 during the inflammatory response in immortalized human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSC-K4DT) following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. We found that hDPSC-K4DT cells released ATP extracellularly when exposed to LPS concentrations above 10 μg/mL. ATP release was exclusively attenuated by N-ethylmaleimide, whereas other inhibitors, including clodronic acid (a vesicular nucleotide transporter inhibitor), probenecid (a selective pannexin-1 channel inhibitor), meclofenamic acid (a selective connexin 43 inhibitor), suramin (a nonspecific P2 receptor inhibitor), and KN-62 (a specific P2X7 antagonist), did not exhibit any effect. Additionally, LPS increased IL-6 mRNA expression, which was mitigated by the ATPase apyrase enzyme, N-ethylmaleimide, and suramin, but not by KN-62. Moreover, exogenous ATP induced IL-6 mRNA expression, whereas ATPase apyrase, N-ethylmaleimide, and suramin, but not KN-62, diminished ATP-induced IL-6 mRNA expression. Overall, our findings suggest that LPS-induced ATP release stimulates the IL-6 pathway through P2-purinoceptor, indicating that ATP may function as an anti-inflammatory signal, contributing to the maintenance of dental pulp homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Orimoto
- Division of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chiaki Kitamura
- Division of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ono
- Division of Physiology, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Zhang GP, Liao JX, Liu YY, Zhu FQ, Huang HJ, Zhang WJ. Ion channel P2X7 receptor in the progression of cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1297775. [PMID: 38273855 PMCID: PMC10808724 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1297775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
P2X7 receptor (P2X7) is a non-selective and ATP-sensitive ligand-gated cation channel. Studies have confirmed that it is expressed in a variety of cells and correlates with their function, frequently in immune cells and tumor cells. We found increased expression of this receptor in many tumor cells, and it has a role in tumor survival and progression. In immune cells, upregulation of the receptor has a double effect on tumor suppression as well as tumor promotion. This review describes the structure of P2X7 and its role in the tumor microenvironment and presents possible mechanisms of P2X7 in tumor invasion and metastasis. Understanding the potential of P2X7 for tumor treatment, we also present several therapeutic agents targeting P2X7 and their mechanisms of action. In conclusion, the study of P2X7 is an important guideline for the use of clinical tumor therapy and may be able to provide a new idea for tumor treatment, but considering the complexity of the biological effects of P2X7, the drugs should be used with caution in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-ping Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Critical Medicine, Ganzhou people’s Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jun-xiang Liao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi-yi Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fu-qi Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hui-jin Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wen-jun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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8
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Pfeifer A, Mikhael M, Niemann B. Inosine: novel activator of brown adipose tissue and energy homeostasis. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:72-82. [PMID: 37188562 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular purinergic molecules act as signaling molecules that bind to cellular receptors and regulate signaling pathways. Growing evidence suggests that purines regulate adipocyte function and whole-body metabolism. Here, we focus on one specific purine: inosine. Brown adipocytes, which are important regulators of whole-body energy expenditure (EE), release inosine when they are stressed or become apoptotic. Unexpectedly, inosine activates EE in neighboring brown adipocytes and enhances differentiation of brown preadipocytes. Increasing extracellular inosine, either directly by increasing inosine intake or indirectly via pharmacological inhibition of cellular inosine transporters, increases whole-body EE and counteracts obesity. Thus, inosine and other closely related purines might be a novel approach to tackle obesity and associated metabolic disorders by enhancing EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Mickel Mikhael
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Birte Niemann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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9
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Ramakrishnan P, Joshi A, Fazil M, Yadav P. A comprehensive review on therapeutic potentials of photobiomodulation for neurodegenerative disorders. Life Sci 2024; 336:122334. [PMID: 38061535 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
A series of experimental trials over the past two centuries has put forth Photobiomodulation (PBM) as a treatment modality that utilizes colored lights for various conditions. While in its cradle, PBM was used for treating simple conditions such as burns and wounds, advancements in recent years have extended the use of PBM for treating complex neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). PBM has exhibited the potential to curb several symptoms and signs associated with NDDs. While several of the currently used therapeutics cause adverse side effects alongside being highly invasive, PBM on the contrary, seems to be broad-acting, less toxic, and non-invasive. Despite being projected as an ideal therapeutic for NDDs, PBM still isn't considered a mainstream treatment modality due to some of the challenges and knowledge gaps associated with it. Here, we review the advantages of PBM summarized above with an emphasis on the common mechanisms that underlie major NDDs and how PBM helps tackle them. We also discuss important questions such as whether PBM should be considered a mainstay treatment modality for these conditions and if PBM's properties can be harnessed to develop prophylactic therapies for high-risk individuals and also highlight important animal studies that underscore the importance of PBM and the challenges associated with it. Overall, this review is intended to bring the major advances made in the field to the spotlight alongside addressing the practicalities and caveats to develop PBM as a major therapeutic for NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Ramakrishnan
- Fly Laboratory # 210, Anusandhan Kendra-II, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Aradhana Joshi
- Fly Laboratory # 210, Anusandhan Kendra-II, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Mohamed Fazil
- Fly Laboratory # 210, Anusandhan Kendra-II, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pankaj Yadav
- Fly Laboratory # 210, Anusandhan Kendra-II, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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10
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Zaib S, Areeba, Khan I. Purinergic Signaling and its Role in the Stem Cell Differentiation. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:863-883. [PMID: 37828668 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575261206231003151416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling is a mechanism in which extracellular purines and pyrimidines interact with specialized cell surface receptors known as purinergic receptors. These receptors are divided into two families of P1 and P2 receptors, each responding to different nucleosides and nucleotides. P1 receptors are activated by adenosine, while P2 receptors are activated by pyrimidine and purines. P2X receptors are ligand-gated ion channels, including seven subunits (P2X1-7). However, P2Y receptors are the G-protein coupled receptors comprising eight subtypes (P2Y1/2/4/6/11/12/13/14). The disorder in purinergic signaling leads to various health-related issues and diseases. In various aspects, it influences the activity of non-neuronal cells and neurons. The molecular mechanism of purinergic signaling provides insight into treating various human diseases. On the contrary, stem cells have been investigated for therapeutic applications. Purinergic signaling has shown promising effect in stem cell engraftment. The immune system promotes the autocrine and paracrine mechanisms and releases the significant factors essential for successful stem cell therapy. Each subtype of purinergic receptor exerts a beneficial effect on the damaged tissue. The most common effect caused by purinergic signaling is the proliferation and differentiation that treat different health-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Zaib
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Areeba
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
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11
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Hotani A, Kitabatake K, Tsukimoto M. Extracellular Guanosine and Guanine Nucleotides Decrease Viability of Human Breast Cancer SKBR-3 Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:14-22. [PMID: 37880111 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Though the physiological effects of adenosine and adenine nucleotides on purinergic receptors in cancer cells have been well studied, the influence of extracellular guanosine and guanine nucleotides on breast cancer cells remains unclear. Here, we show that extracellular guanosine and guanine nucleotides decrease the viability and proliferation of human breast cancer SKBR-3 cells. Treatment with guanosine or guanine nucleotides increased mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and modified the cell cycle. Guanosine-induced cell death was suppressed by treatment with adenosine or the equilibrium nucleoside transporter (ENT) 1/2 inhibitor dipyridamole, but was not affected by adenosine receptor agonists or antagonists. These results suggest that guanosine inhibits adenosine uptake through ENT1/2, but does not antagonize adenosine receptors. In contrast, guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-induced cell death was suppressed not only by adenosine and dipyridamole, but also by the A1 receptor agonist 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA), suggesting that GTP-induced cell death is mediated in part by an antagonistic effect on adenosine A1 receptor. Thus, both guanosine and GTP induce apoptosis of breast cancer cells, but via at least partially different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Hotani
- Department of Radiation Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Kazuki Kitabatake
- Department of Radiation Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Mitsutoshi Tsukimoto
- Department of Radiation Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
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12
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Lairion F, Carbia C, Chiesa IM, Saporito-Magriña C, Borda N, Lazarowski A, Repetto MG. Uridine Diphosphate Glucose (UDP-G) Activates Oxidative Stress and Respiratory Burst in Isolated Neutrophils. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1501. [PMID: 37895972 PMCID: PMC10609875 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular purinergic agonist uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP-G) activates chemotaxis of human neutrophils (PMN) and the recruitment of PMN at the lung level, via P2Y14 purinergic receptor signaling. This effect is similar to the activation of PMN with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), a mechanism that also triggers the production of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide via the NADPH oxidase system. However, the effects of UDP-G on this system have not been studied. Defects in the intracellular phagocyte respiratory burst (RB) cause recurrent infections, immunodeficiency, and chronic and severe diseases in affected patients, often with sepsis and hypoxia. The extracellular activation of PMN by UDP-G could affect the RB and oxidative stress (OS) in situations of inflammation, infection and/or sepsis. The association of PMNs activation by UDP-G with OS and RB was studied. OS was evaluated by measuring spontaneous chemiluminescence (CL) of PMNs with a scintillation photon counter, and RB by measuring oxygen consumption with an oxygen Clark electrode at 37 °C, in non-stimulated cells and after activation (15 min) with lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 2 µg/mL), phorbol myristate acetate (PMA, 20 ng/mL), or UDP-G (100 μM). The stimulation index (SI) was calculated in order to establish the activation effect of the three agonists. After stimulation with LPS or PMA, the activated PMNs (0.1 × 106 cells/mL) showed an increase in CL (35%, p < 0.05 and 56%, p < 0.01, SI of 1.56 and 2.20, respectively). Contrariwise, the stimulation with UDP-G led to a decreased CL in a dose-dependent manner (60%, 25 μM, p < 0.05; 90%, 50-150 μM, p < 0.001). Nonetheless, despite the lack of oxidative damage, UDP-G triggered RB (SI 1.8) in a dose-dependent manner (38-50%, 100-200 μM, p < 0.0001). UDP-G is able to trigger NADPH oxidase activation in PMNs. Therefore, the prevention of OS and oxidative damage observed upon PMN stimulation with UDP-G indicates an antioxidant property of this molecule which is likely due to the activation of antioxidant defenses. Altogether, LPS and UDP-G have a synergistic effect, suggesting a key role in infection and/or sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Lairion
- Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113AAD, Argentina; (F.L.); (I.M.C.); (C.S.-M.)
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular Prof. Alberto Boveris, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IBIMOL, UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires 1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Claudio Carbia
- Cátedra de Bioquímica Clínica II-Área Hematología, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113AAD, Argentina; (C.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Iris Maribel Chiesa
- Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113AAD, Argentina; (F.L.); (I.M.C.); (C.S.-M.)
| | - Christian Saporito-Magriña
- Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113AAD, Argentina; (F.L.); (I.M.C.); (C.S.-M.)
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular Prof. Alberto Boveris, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IBIMOL, UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires 1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Natalia Borda
- Cátedra de Bioquímica Clínica II-Área Hematología, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113AAD, Argentina; (C.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Alberto Lazarowski
- Cátedra de Bioquímica Clínica II-Área Hematología, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113AAD, Argentina; (C.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Marisa Gabriela Repetto
- Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113AAD, Argentina; (F.L.); (I.M.C.); (C.S.-M.)
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular Prof. Alberto Boveris, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IBIMOL, UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires 1113AAD, Argentina
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13
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Hua T, Robitaille M, Roberts-Thomson SJ, Monteith GR. The intersection between cysteine proteases, Ca 2+ signalling and cancer cell apoptosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119532. [PMID: 37393017 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a highly complex and regulated cell death pathway that safeguards the physiological balance between life and death. Over the past decade, the role of Ca2+ signalling in apoptosis and the mechanisms involved have become clearer. The initiation and execution of apoptosis is coordinated by three distinct groups of cysteines proteases: the caspase, calpain and cathepsin families. Beyond its physiological importance, the ability to evade apoptosis is a prominent hallmark of cancer cells. In this review, we will explore the involvement of Ca2+ in the regulation of caspase, calpain and cathepsin activity, and how the actions of these cysteine proteases alter intracellular Ca2+ handling during apoptosis. We will also explore how apoptosis resistance can be achieved in cancer cells through deregulation of cysteine proteases and remodelling of the Ca2+ signalling toolkit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinh Hua
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Mélanie Robitaille
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | | | - Gregory R Monteith
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Jia W, Huang Z, Zhou L, Liou YC, Di Virgilio F, Ulrich H, Illes P, Zhang W, Huang C, Tang Y. Purinergic signalling in cancer therapeutic resistance: From mechanisms to targeting strategies. Drug Resist Updat 2023; 70:100988. [PMID: 37413937 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.100988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Purinergic signalling, consisting of extracellular purines and purinergic receptors, modulates cell proliferation, invasion and immunological reaction during cancer progression. Here, we focus on current evidence that suggests the crucial role of purinergic signalling in mediating cancer therapeutic resistance, the major obstacle in cancer treatment. Mechanistically, purinergic signalling can modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and anti-tumor immunity, thus affecting drug sensitivity of tumor cells. Currently, some agents attempting to target purinergic signalling either in tumor cells or in tumor-associated immune cells are under preclinical or clinical investigation. Moreover, nano-based delivery technologies significantly improve the efficacy of agents targeting purinergic signalling. In this review article, we summarize the mechanisms of purinergic signalling in promoting cancer therapeutic resistance and discuss the potentials and challenges of targeting purinergic signalling in future cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Jia
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhao Huang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yih-Cherng Liou
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117573, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117573, Singapore
| | | | - Henning Ulrich
- International Joint Research Centre on Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Peter Illes
- International Joint Research Centre on Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; Rudolf-Boehm-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitaet Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wei Zhang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Canhua Huang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China; Institute of TCM-Based Stress Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yong Tang
- International Joint Research Centre on Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
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15
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Noronha-Matos JB, Pinto-Cardoso R, Bessa-Andrês C, Magalhães-Cardoso MT, Ferreirinha F, Costa MA, Marinhas J, Freitas R, Lemos R, Vilaça A, Oliveira A, Pelletier J, Sévigny J, Correia-de-Sá P. Silencing NTPDase3 activity rehabilitates the osteogenic commitment of post-menopausal stem cell bone progenitors. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:97. [PMID: 37076930 PMCID: PMC10116749 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03315-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endogenously released adenine and uracil nucleotides favour the osteogenic commitment of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) through the activation of ATP-sensitive P2X7 and UDP-sensitive P2Y6 receptors. Yet, these nucleotides have their osteogenic potential compromised in post-menopausal (Pm) women due to overexpression of nucleotide metabolizing enzymes, namely NTPDase3. This prompted us to investigate whether NTPDase3 gene silencing or inhibition of its enzymatic activity could rehabilitate the osteogenic potential of Pm BM-MSCs. METHODS MSCs were harvested from the bone marrow of Pm women (69 ± 2 years old) and younger female controls (22 ± 4 years old). The cells were allowed to grow for 35 days in an osteogenic-inducing medium in either the absence or the presence of NTPDase3 inhibitors (PSB 06126 and hN3-B3s antibody); pre-treatment with a lentiviral short hairpin RNA (Lenti-shRNA) was used to silence the NTPDase3 gene expression. Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy was used to monitor protein cell densities. The osteogenic commitment of BM-MSCs was assessed by increases in the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. The amount of the osteogenic transcription factor Osterix and the alizarin red-stained bone nodule formation. ATP was measured with the luciferin-luciferase bioluminescence assay. The kinetics of the extracellular ATP (100 µM) and UDP (100 µM) catabolism was assessed by HPLC RESULTS: The extracellular catabolism of ATP and UDP was faster in BM-MSCs from Pm women compared to younger females. The immunoreactivity against NTPDase3 increased 5.6-fold in BM-MSCs from Pm women vs. younger females. Selective inhibition or transient NTPDase3 gene silencing increased the extracellular accumulation of adenine and uracil nucleotides in cultured Pm BM-MSCs. Downregulation of NTPDase3 expression or activity rehabilitated the osteogenic commitment of Pm BM-MSCs measured as increases in ALP activity, Osterix protein cellular content and bone nodule formation; blockage of P2X7 and P2Y6 purinoceptors prevented this effect. CONCLUSIONS Data suggest that NTPDase3 overexpression in BM-MSCs may be a clinical surrogate of the osteogenic differentiation impairment in Pm women. Thus, besides P2X7 and P2Y6 receptors activation, targeting NTPDase3 may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to increase bone mass and reduce the osteoporotic risk of fractures in Pm women.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Bernardo Noronha-Matos
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS) - Universidade do Porto (UP), R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
- Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui Pinto-Cardoso
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS) - Universidade do Porto (UP), R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Bessa-Andrês
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS) - Universidade do Porto (UP), R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Magalhães-Cardoso
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS) - Universidade do Porto (UP), R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Ferreirinha
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS) - Universidade do Porto (UP), R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Adelina Costa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS) - Universidade do Porto (UP), R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade Do Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Marinhas
- Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Centro Hospitalar de Gaia - Espinho, 4434-502, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Rolando Freitas
- Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Centro Hospitalar de Gaia - Espinho, 4434-502, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Rui Lemos
- Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Centro Hospitalar de Gaia - Espinho, 4434-502, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Adélio Vilaça
- Serviço de Ortopedia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, 4099-001, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Oliveira
- Serviço de Ortopedia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, 4099-001, Porto, Portugal
| | - Julie Pelletier
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, University Laval, 2325, rue de l'Université Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, University Laval, 2325, rue de l'Université Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Paulo Correia-de-Sá
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS) - Universidade do Porto (UP), R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
- Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal.
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16
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Pereira ADS, Miron VV, Castro MFV, Bottari NB, Assmann CE, Nauderer JN, Bissacotti BF, Mostardeiro VB, Stefanello N, Baldissarelli J, Palma TV, Morsch VMM, Schetinger MRC. Neuromodulatory effect of the combination of metformin and vitamin D 3 triggered by purinergic signaling in type 1 diabetes induced-rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 563:111852. [PMID: 36657632 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have indicated the vitamin D deficiency in the development of macro- and microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) including DM-related cognitive dysfunction. The purinergic system plays an important role in the modulation of a variety of mechanisms, including neuroinflammation, plasticity, and cell-cell communication. In addition, purines, their receptors, and enzymes can regulate the purinergic axis at different levels in type 1 DM (T1DM). This study evaluated the effects of vitamin D3 alone or in combination with metformin in the behavioral performance of streptozotocin-induced T1DM rats. The effects of this combination on the metabolism of ATP and ADP were also studied by NTPDase (CD39), AMP by 5'-nucleotidase (CD73), and adenosine by adenosine deaminase (E-ADA) in the brain and peripheral lymphocytes of type 1 diabetic STZ-induced rats. The results showed that anxiety and memory loss from the DM condition reverted after 30 days of vitamin D3 treatment. Furthermore, the DM state affected systemic enzymes, with no effect on the central enzymes hydrolyzing extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides. Vitamin D3 treatment positively regulated ectonucleotidase (NTPDase and 5'-nucleotidase) activity, E-ADA, and the purinergic receptors as a mechanism to prevent oxidative damage in the cerebral cortex of T1DM rats. A neuroprotector effect of vitamin D3 through adenosine signaling was also observed, by regulating A1 and A2A receptors proteins levels. The present findings suggest that purinergic signaling through vitamin D3 modulation may be a novel alternative strategy for T1DM treatment, and may compensate for the negative changes in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline da Silva Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Valéria Miron
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Milagros Fanny Vera Castro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Nathieli Bianchin Bottari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Charles Elias Assmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jelson Norberto Nauderer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bianca Fagan Bissacotti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vitor Bastianello Mostardeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Naiara Stefanello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jucimara Baldissarelli
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Taís Vidal Palma
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Melchiors Morsch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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17
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Kaur J, Dora S. Purinergic signaling: Diverse effects and therapeutic potential in cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1058371. [PMID: 36741002 PMCID: PMC9889871 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1058371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Regardless of improved biological insights and therapeutic advances, cancer is consuming multiple lives worldwide. Cancer is a complex disease with diverse cellular, metabolic, and physiological parameters as its hallmarks. This instigates a need to uncover the latest therapeutic targets to advance the treatment of cancer patients. Purines are building blocks of nucleic acids but also function as metabolic intermediates and messengers, as part of a signaling pathway known as purinergic signaling. Purinergic signaling comprises primarily adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine (ADO), their analogous membrane receptors, and a set of ectonucleotidases, and has both short- and long-term (trophic) effects. Cells release ATP and ADO to modulate cellular function in an autocrine or paracrine manner by activating membrane-localized purinergic receptors (purinoceptors, P1 and P2). P1 receptors are selective for ADO and have four recognized subtypes-A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Purines and pyrimidines activate P2 receptors, and the P2X subtype is ligand-gated ion channel receptors. P2X has seven subtypes (P2X1-7) and forms homo- and heterotrimers. The P2Y subtype is a G protein-coupled receptor with eight subtypes (P2Y1/2/4/6/11/12/13/14). ATP, its derivatives, and purinoceptors are widely distributed in all cell types for cellular communication, and any imbalance compromises the homeostasis of the cell. Neurotransmission, neuromodulation, and secretion employ fast purinergic signaling, while trophic purinergic signaling regulates cell metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, survival, migration, invasion, and immune response during tumor progression. Thus, purinergic signaling is a prospective therapeutic target in cancer and therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmeet Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanchit Dora
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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18
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Chu X, Baek DS, Li W, Shyp T, Mooney B, Hines MG, Morin GB, Sorensen PH, Dimitrov DS. Human antibodies targeting ENPP1 as candidate therapeutics for cancers. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1070492. [PMID: 36761762 PMCID: PMC9905232 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1070492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein expressed in many tissues. High expression levels of ENPP1 have been observed in many cancer types such as lung cancer, ovarian cancer, and breast cancer. Such overexpression has been associated with poor prognosis in these diseases. Hence, ENPP1 is a potential target for immunotherapy across multiple cancers. Here, we isolated and characterized two high-affinity and specific anti-ENPP1 Fab antibody candidates, 17 and 3G12, from large phage-displayed human Fab libraries. After conversion to IgG1, the binding of both antibodies increased significantly due to avidity effects. Based on these antibodies, we generated antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), IgG-based bispecific T-cell engagers (IbTEs), and CAR T-cells which all exhibited potent killing of ENPP1-expressing cells. Thus, these various antibody-derived modalities are promising therapeutic candidates for cancers expressing human ENPP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Chu
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Du-San Baek
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Taras Shyp
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Brian Mooney
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Margaret G Hines
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Gregg B Morin
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Abound Bio, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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19
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Huang Y, Zhang X, Zou Y, Yuan Q, Xian YF, Lin ZX. Quercetin Ameliorates Neuropathic Pain after Brachial Plexus Avulsion via Suppressing Oxidative Damage through Inhibition of PKC/MAPK/ NOX Pathway. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2343-2361. [PMID: 37533160 PMCID: PMC10556381 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230802144940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brachial plexus avulsion (BPA) animally involves the separation of spinal nerve roots themselves and the correlative spinal cord segment, leading to formidable neuropathic pain of the upper limb. METHODS The right seventh cervical (C7) ventral and dorsal roots were avulsed to establish a neuropathic pain model in rats. After operation, rats were treated with quercetin (QCN) by intragastric administration for 1 week. The effects of QCN were evaluated using mechanical allodynia tests and biochemical assay kits. RESULTS QCN treatment significantly attenuated the avulsion-provoked mechanical allodynia, elevated the levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the C7 spinal dorsal horn. In addition, QCN administration inhibited the activations of macrophages, microglia and astrocytes in the C6 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and C6-8 spinal dorsal horn, as well as attenuated the release of purinergic 2X (P2X) receptors in C6 DRG. The molecular mechanism underlying the above alterations was found to be related to the suppression of the PKC/MAPK/NOX signal pathway. To further study the anti-oxidative effects of QCN, we applied QCN on the H2O2-induced BV-2 cells in vitro, and the results attested that QCN significantly ameliorated the H2O2-induced ROS production in BV-2 cells, inhibited the H2O2-induced activation of PKC/MAPK/NOX pathway. CONCLUSION Our study for the first time provided evidence that QCN was able to attenuate pain hypersensitivity following the C7 spinal root avulsion in rats, and the molecular mechanisms involve the reduction of both neuro-inflammatory infiltration and oxidative stress via suppression of P2X receptors and inhibition of the activation of PKC/MAPK/NOX pathway. The results indicate that QCN is a natural compound with great promise worthy of further development into a novel therapeutic method for the treatment of BPA-induced neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xie Zhang
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pathogenesis and Therapy Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong. P.R. China
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong. P.R. China
| | - Yidan Zou
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qiuju Yuan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan-Fang Xian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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20
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Willcox A, Lee NT, Nandurkar HH, Sashindranath M. CD39 in the development and progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Purinergic Signal 2022; 18:409-419. [PMID: 35947229 PMCID: PMC9832216 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09889-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating progressive disease characterised by pulmonary arterial vasoconstriction and vascular remodelling. Endothelial dysfunction has emerged as a contributing factor in the development of PAH. However, despite progress in the understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease, current therapies fail to impact upon long-term outcomes which remain poor in most patients. Recent observations have suggested the disturbances in the balance between ATP and adenosine may be integral to the vascular remodelling seen in PAH. CD39 is an enzyme important in regulating these nucleos(t)ides which may also provide a novel pathway to target for future therapies. This review summarises the role of adenosine signalling in the development and progression of PAH and highlights the therapeutic potential of CD39 for treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbey Willcox
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Health, Monash AMREP Building, Level 1, Walkway, via The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
| | - Natasha Ting Lee
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Present Address: Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Health, Monash AMREP Building, Level 1, Walkway, via The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia
| | - Harshal H. Nandurkar
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Present Address: Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Health, Monash AMREP Building, Level 1, Walkway, via The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia
| | - Maithili Sashindranath
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Present Address: Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Health, Monash AMREP Building, Level 1, Walkway, via The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia
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21
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Xu Q, Mao Z, Yun Y. Adenosine A 1 receptor agonism protection mechanism in intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury via activation of PI3K/Akt signaling. Exp Ther Med 2022; 25:41. [PMID: 36569432 PMCID: PMC9764055 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common clinical problem with a high mortality rate, resulting from loss of blood flow to an intestinal segment. Adenosine serves a protective role in intestinal I/R injury; however, its potential mechanism is not completely understood. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) agonists CPA and LUF6941 and whether their mechanisms are associated with the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. To simulate intestinal I/R injury, a cell oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model was established and the human colon cancer cell line (Caco-2) was incubated with A1R agonists before OGD/R treatment. The viability of Caco-2 cells was detected by PI and Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry and western blotting was used to analyze protein expression levels of PI3K, Akt and p53 in Caco-2 cells. A1R agonist pretreatment protected Caco-2 cells against OGD/R-induced cell damage and activated PI3K/Akt signaling. Additionally, apoptosis was inhibited by downregulating phosphorylation of p53 protein, as evidenced by increased cell viability. These findings suggested that A1R agonists decreased OGD/R damage in Caco-2 cells, which may be due to their anti-apoptotic effects and activation of the PI3K/Akt/p53 signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China,Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Xuzhou Children's Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Zun Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yi Yun
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Yi Yun, Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 120 Suzhilu Street, Sucheng, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
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22
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Demeules M, Scarpitta A, Hardet R, Gondé H, Abad C, Blandin M, Menzel S, Duan Y, Rissiek B, Magnus T, Mann AM, Koch-Nolte F, Adriouch S. Evaluation of nanobody-based biologics targeting purinergic checkpoints in tumor models in vivo. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1012534. [PMID: 36341324 PMCID: PMC9626963 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1012534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) represents a danger signal that accumulates in injured tissues, in inflammatory sites, and in the tumor microenvironment. ATP promotes tumor growth but also anti-tumor immune responses notably via the P2X7 receptor. ATP can also be catabolized by CD39 and CD73 ecto-enzymes into immunosuppressive adenosine. P2X7, CD39 and CD73 have attracted much interest in cancer as targets offering the potential to unleash anti-tumor immune responses. These membrane proteins represent novel purinergic checkpoints that can be targeted by small drugs or biologics. Here, we investigated nanobody-based biologics targeting mainly P2X7, but also CD73, alone or in combination therapies. Blocking P2X7 inhibited tumor growth and improved survival of mice in cancer models that express P2X7. P2X7-potentiation by a nanobody-based biologic was not effective alone to control tumor growth but enhanced tumor control and immune responses when used in combination with oxaliplatin chemotherapy. We also evaluated a bi-specific nanobody-based biologic that targets PD-L1 and CD73. This novel nanobody-based biologic exerted a potent anti-tumor effect, promoting tumor rejection and improving survival of mice in two tumor models. Hence, this study highlights the importance of purinergic checkpoints in tumor control and open new avenues for nanobody-based biologics that may be further exploited in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Demeules
- University of Rouen, INSERM, U1234, Pathophysiology Autoimmunity and Immunotherapy (PANTHER), Normandie Univ, Rouen, France
| | - Allan Scarpitta
- University of Rouen, INSERM, U1234, Pathophysiology Autoimmunity and Immunotherapy (PANTHER), Normandie Univ, Rouen, France
| | - Romain Hardet
- University of Rouen, INSERM, U1234, Pathophysiology Autoimmunity and Immunotherapy (PANTHER), Normandie Univ, Rouen, France
| | - Henri Gondé
- University of Rouen, INSERM, U1234, Pathophysiology Autoimmunity and Immunotherapy (PANTHER), Normandie Univ, Rouen, France
| | - Catalina Abad
- University of Rouen, INSERM, U1234, Pathophysiology Autoimmunity and Immunotherapy (PANTHER), Normandie Univ, Rouen, France
| | - Marine Blandin
- University of Rouen, INSERM, U1234, Pathophysiology Autoimmunity and Immunotherapy (PANTHER), Normandie Univ, Rouen, France
| | - Stephan Menzel
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Core Facility Nanobodies, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yinghui Duan
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Rissiek
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Marei Mann
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sahil Adriouch
- University of Rouen, INSERM, U1234, Pathophysiology Autoimmunity and Immunotherapy (PANTHER), Normandie Univ, Rouen, France
- *Correspondence: Sahil Adriouch,
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23
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Akomolafe SF, Asowata-Ayodele AM. Roasted cashew ( Anacardium occidentale L.) nut-enhanced diet forestalls cisplatin-initiated brain harm in rats. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11066. [PMID: 36276737 PMCID: PMC9578995 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The incessant dose constraining symptom of the chemotherapeutic agent, cisplatin is neurotoxicity. This examination tried to explore the neuroprotective impact of roasted cashew nut-enhanced diet against brain deficits related with treatment with cisplatin. Rats were separated in to six groups: Control, CIS (cisplatin [7 mg/kg body weight, i.p]), CIS +10% CN (cisplatin plus 10% roasted cashew nut), CIS +20% CN (cisplatin plus 20% roasted cashew nut), 10% CN (10% roasted cashew nut) and 20% CN (20% roasted cashew nut) for 28 days. Key enzymes associated with brain function, including cholinesterases (AChE and BChE), monoaminergic enzyme (MAO), arginase, and adenosine deaminase (ADA), were investigated after the treatment. The following oxidative stress indicators were also measured in the rat brain: glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total thiol (T-SH), non-protein thiol (NPSH), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD). Our outcomes demonstrated that roasted cashew nut enhanced diet showed inhibitory impact on activities of AChE, BChE, ADA, MAO and arginase in cisplatin-induced rats. The roasted cashew nut supplemented diet also boosted redox equilibrium and displayed protection against cispaltin-induced oxidative damage to rats' brains by an increase in SOD, CAT, GST and GPx activities, TAC, T-SH, NPSH and NO levels as well as a considerable drop in ROS and RBARS levels. Roasted cashew nut enhanced diet additionally forestalled neuronal degeneration in rat brain. Thus, roasted cashew nuts could be used as a nutraceutical or functional food to treat cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity. Practical applications The results show that increasing roasted cashew nut consumption can significantly improve antioxidant status, reduce lipid peroxidation, and suppress cholinesterase, adenosine deaminase, monoamine oxidase, and arginase activities in the brain under cisplatin-induced circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seun F. Akomolafe
- Department of Biochemistry, Ekiti State University, P.M.B. 5363, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria,Corresponding author.
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24
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Sykes DL, Zhang M, Morice AH. Treatment of chronic cough: P2X3 receptor antagonists and beyond. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Perruzza L, Strati F, Raneri M, Li H, Gargari G, Rezzonico-Jost T, Palatella M, Kwee I, Morone D, Seehusen F, Sonego P, Donati C, Franceschi P, Macpherson AJ, Guglielmetti S, Greiff V, Grassi F. Apyrase-mediated amplification of secretory IgA promotes intestinal homeostasis. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111112. [PMID: 35858559 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) interaction with commensal bacteria conditions microbiota composition and function. However, mechanisms regulating reciprocal control of microbiota and SIgA are not defined. Bacteria-derived adenosine triphosphate (ATP) limits T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in the Peyer's patches (PPs) via P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) and thereby SIgA generation. Here we show that hydrolysis of extracellular ATP (eATP) by apyrase results in amplification of the SIgA repertoire. The enhanced breadth of SIgA in mice colonized with apyrase-releasing Escherichia coli influences topographical distribution of bacteria and expression of genes involved in metabolic versus immune functions in the intestinal epithelium. SIgA-mediated conditioning of bacteria and enterocyte function is reflected by differences in nutrient absorption in mice colonized with apyrase-expressing bacteria. Apyrase-induced SIgA improves intestinal homeostasis and attenuates barrier impairment and susceptibility to infection by enteric pathogens in antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. Therefore, amplification of SIgA by apyrase can be leveraged to restore intestinal fitness in dysbiotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Perruzza
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Strati
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Raneri
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland
| | - Hai Li
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department of Biomedical Research, Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio Gargari
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Tanja Rezzonico-Jost
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland
| | - Martina Palatella
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland
| | - Ivo Kwee
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland
| | - Diego Morone
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland
| | - Frauke Seehusen
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Sonego
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige (TN) 38098, Italy
| | - Claudio Donati
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige (TN) 38098, Italy
| | - Pietro Franceschi
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige (TN) 38098, Italy
| | - Andrew J Macpherson
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department of Biomedical Research, Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Simone Guglielmetti
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Victor Greiff
- Department of Immunology and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo 0372, Norway
| | - Fabio Grassi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona 6500, Switzerland.
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Bao X, Xie L. Targeting purinergic pathway to enhance radiotherapy-induced immunogenic cancer cell death. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:222. [PMID: 35836249 PMCID: PMC9284706 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02430-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has demonstrated that radiotherapy (RT) can not only cause direct damage to cancer cells but also lead to immunogenic cell death (ICD), which involves the activation of host antitumor immune response in tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). RT-induced ICD comprises the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from dying cancer cells that result in the activation of tumor-specific immunity to elicit long-term antitumor efficacy in both original and abscopal tumor sites. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), as an important DAMP released by irradiated cancer cells and an essential factor within purinergic pathway, can be further hydrolyzed to adenosine (ADO) by two key ectonucleotidases, CD39 and CD73, to further modulate the antitumor immunity in TIME through purinergic signaling via the interaction to its specific receptors such as adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR) and A2BR widely expressed on the surface of the components in TIME, including cancer cells and many immune effector cells. In this review, we first introduced key components in purinergic pathway including ATP, ADO, their receptors, and essential ectonucleotidases. Then we reviewed the regulation of ATP and ADO levels and their main mechanisms by which they promote tumor growth and broadly suppress antitumor immunity through inhibiting the pro-inflammatory response of dendritic cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and natural killer cells, while improving the anti-inflammatory response of regulatory T cells, macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in TIME, especially after irradiation. Finally, we presented an overview of dozens of promising therapeutics including pharmacological antagonists and specific antibodies targeting ADO receptors and ectonucleotidases CD39 or CD73 investigated in the clinic for cancer treatment, especially focusing on the preclinical studies and clinical trials being explored for blocking the purinergic signaling to enhance RT as a combination antitumor therapeutic strategy, which has a robust potential to be translated to the clinic in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Bao
- Institute of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Rd, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Oncology, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Liyi Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong An Rd, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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27
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Manzoor S, Khalid M, Idrees M. P2X4 receptors mediate induction of antioxidants, fibrogenic cytokines and ECM transcripts; in presence of replicating HCV in in vitro setting: An insight into role of P2X4 in fibrosis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0259727. [PMID: 35594248 PMCID: PMC9122194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & aims
Major HCV infections lead to chronic hepatitis, which results in progressive liver disease including fibrosis, cirrhosis and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). P2X4 and P2X7 are most widely distributed receptors on hepatocytes.
Methods
Full length P2X4 (1.7kb) (Rattus norvegicus) was sub cloned in mammalian expression vector pcDNA3.1+. Two stable cell lines 293T/P2X4 (experimental) and 293T/ NV or null vector (control) were established. Both cell lines were inoculated with high viral titers human HCV sera and control human sera. Successfully infected cells harvested on day 5 and day 9 of post infection were used for further studies.
Results
The results revealed a significant increase in gene expression of P2X4 on day 5 and day 9 Post -infection in cells infected with HCV sera compared with cells inoculated with control sera. Quantitative real time PCR analysis revealed that HO-1 was significantly upregulated in presence of P2X4 in HCV infected cells (P2X4/HCV) when compared with control NV/HCV cells. A significant decrease was observed in expression of Cu/ZnSOD in presence of P2X4 in HCV infected cells compared to control NV/HCV cells. However, expression of both antioxidants was observed unaltered in cells harvested on day 9 post infection. Gene expression of angiotensin II significantly increased in HCV infected cells in presence of P2X4 on day 5 and day 9 of post infection when compared with control NV/HCV cells. A significant increase in gene expression of TNF-α and TGF-β was observed in HCV infected cells in presence of P2X4 on day 9 post infection in comparison with control (NV/HCV cells). However, gene expression of adipokine leptin was not affected in both experimental (P2X4/HCV) and control (NV/HCV) groups on day 5 and day 9 of post infection. Extracellular matrix proteins, laminin and elastin genes expression also significantly increased in presence of P2X4 (HCV/P2X4) on day 9 of post-infection compared to control group NV/HCV cells.
Conclusion
In conclusion, these findings constitute the evidence that P2X4 receptors in the presence of HCV play a significant role in the regulation of key antioxidant enzymes (HO-1, Cu/ZnSOD), in the induction of proinflammatory. cytokine (TNF-α), profibrotic cytokine (TGF-β) vasoactive cytokine (angiotensin II). P2X4 also increases the expression of extracellular matrix proteins (laminin and elastin) in the presence of HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobia Manzoor
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Madiha Khalid
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Janho dit Hreich S, Benzaquen J, Hofman P, Vouret-Craviari V. The Purinergic Landscape of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081926. [PMID: 35454832 PMCID: PMC9025794 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide. Despite recent therapeutic advances, including targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors, the disease progresses in almost all advanced lung cancers and in up to 50% of early-stage cancers. The purpose of this review is to discuss whether purinergic checkpoints (CD39, CD73, P2RX7, and ADORs), which shape the immune response in the tumor microenvironment, may represent novel therapeutic targets to combat progression of non-small cell lung cancer by enhancing the antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Janho dit Hreich
- Institute of Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN, CNRS, INSERM), FHU OncoAge, Université Côte d’Azur, 06108 Nice, France; (S.J.d.H.); (J.B.)
| | - Jonathan Benzaquen
- Institute of Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN, CNRS, INSERM), FHU OncoAge, Université Côte d’Azur, 06108 Nice, France; (S.J.d.H.); (J.B.)
| | - Paul Hofman
- CHU Nice, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Hospital, Université Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France;
- Institute of Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN, CNRS, INSERM, Team 4), Université Côte d’Azur, 06100 Nice, France
- CHU Nice, FHU OncoAge, Hospital-Integrated Biobank (BB-0033-00025), Université Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Valérie Vouret-Craviari
- Institute of Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN, CNRS, INSERM), FHU OncoAge, Université Côte d’Azur, 06108 Nice, France; (S.J.d.H.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-492-031-223
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Urbina-Treviño L, von Mücke-Heim IA, Deussing JM. P2X7 Receptor-Related Genetic Mouse Models – Tools for Translational Research in Psychiatry. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:876304. [PMID: 35422688 PMCID: PMC9001905 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.876304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common psychiatric disorder and the leading cause of disability worldwide. Although treatments are available, only about 60% of treated patients experience a significant improvement in disease symptoms. Numerous clinical and rodent studies have identified the purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) as one of the genetic factors potentially contributing to the disease risk. In this respect, genetically engineered mouse models targeting the P2X7R have become increasingly important in studying designated immunological features and subtypes of depression in vivo. This review provides an overview of the P2X7R -related mouse lines currently available for translational psychiatric research and discusses their strengths, weaknesses, and potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Urbina-Treviño
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Molecular Neurogenetics, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Iven-Alex von Mücke-Heim
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Molecular Neurogenetics, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan M. Deussing
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Molecular Neurogenetics, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jan M. Deussing,
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The P2Y 2 Receptor C-Terminal Tail Modulates but Is Dispensable for β-Arrestin Recruitment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073460. [PMID: 35408820 PMCID: PMC8999042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The P2Y2 receptor (P2Y2R) is a G protein-coupled receptor that is activated by extracellular ATP and UTP, to a similar extent. This allows it to play roles in the cell's response to the (increased) release of these nucleotides, e.g., in response to stress situations, including mechanical stress and oxygen deprivation. However, despite its involvement in important (patho)physiological processes, the intracellular signaling induced by the P2Y2R remains incompletely described. Therefore, this study implemented a NanoBiT® functional complementation assay to shed more light on the recruitment of β-arrestins (βarr1 and βarr2) upon receptor activation. More specifically, upon determination of the optimal configuration in this assay system, the effect of different (receptor) residues/regions on βarr recruitment to the receptor in response to ATP or UTP was estimated. To this end, the linker was shortened, the C-terminal tail was truncated, and phosphorylatable residues in the third intracellular loop of the receptor were mutated, in either singly or multiply adapted constructs. The results showed that none of the introduced adaptations entirely abolished the recruitment of either βarr, although EC50 values differed and time-luminescence profiles appeared to be qualitatively altered. The results hint at the C-terminal tail modulating the interaction with βarr, while not being indispensable.
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31
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Duong HN, Cho SH, Wang L, Pham AQ, Davies JM, Stacey G. Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 6 is involved in extracellular ATP signaling and plant immunity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:1386-1396. [PMID: 34919778 PMCID: PMC9206762 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP (eATP) is known to act as a danger signal in both plants and animals. In plants, eATP is recognized by the plasma membrane (PM)-localized receptor P2K1 (LecRK-I.9). Among the first measurable responses to eATP addition is a rapid rise in cytoplasmic free calcium levels ([Ca2+ ]cyt ), which requires P2K1. However, the specific transporter/channel proteins that mediate this rise in [Ca2+ ]cyt are unknown. Through a forward genetic screen, we identified an Arabidopsis ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS) mutant impaired in the [Ca2+ ]cyt response to eATP. Positional cloning revealed that the mutation resided in the cngc6 gene, which encodes cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 6 (CNGC6). Mutation of the CNGC6 gene led to a notable decrease in the PM inward Ca2+ current in response to eATP. eATP-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and gene expression were also significantly lower in cngc6 mutant plants. In addition, cngc6 mutant plants were also more susceptible to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Taken together, our results indicate that CNGC6 plays a crucial role in mediating eATP-induced [Ca2+ ]cyt signaling, as well as plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha N. Duong
- Divisions of Plant Sciences and Technology and Biochemistry, National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Sung-Hwan Cho
- Divisions of Plant Sciences and Technology and Biochemistry, National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Limin Wang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - An Q. Pham
- Divisions of Plant Sciences and Technology and Biochemistry, National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Julia M. Davies
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Gary Stacey
- Divisions of Plant Sciences and Technology and Biochemistry, National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) serves as the essential source of cellular energy. Over the last two decades, however, ATP has also attracted increasing interest as an extracellular signal that activates purinergic plasma membrane receptors of the P2 family. P2 receptors are divided into two types: ATP-gated nonselective cation channels (P2X) and G protein-coupled receptors (P2Y), the latter being activated by a broad range of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides (ATP, ADP, UTP, and UDP, among others). Purinergic signaling mechanisms are involved in numerous physiological events and pathophysiological conditions. Here, we address the growing body of evidence implicating purinergic signaling in male reproductive system functions. The life-long generation of fertile male germ cells is a highly complex, yet mechanistically poorly understood process. Given the relatively sparse innervation of the testis, spermatogenesis relies on both endocrine control and multi-directional paracrine communication. Therefore, a detailed understanding of such paracrine messengers, including ATP, is crucial to gain mechanistic insight into male reproduction..
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Mundt
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Research Training Group 2416 MultiSenses – MultiScales, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Nadine Mundt,
| | - Lina Kenzler
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marc Spehr
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Research Training Group 2416 MultiSenses – MultiScales, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Mesto N, Movassat J, Tourrel-Cuzin C. P2-type purinergic signaling in the regulation of pancreatic β-cell functional plasticity as a promising novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of type 2 diabetes? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1099152. [PMID: 37065173 PMCID: PMC10099247 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1099152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by a chronic hyperglycemia due to an impaired insulin secretion and a decreased in peripheral insulin sensitivity. This disease is a major public health problem due to it sharp prevalence. Therefore, it is crucial to readapt therapeutic approaches for the treatment of this pathology. One of the strategies would be through P2-type purinergic receptors pathway via ATP binding. In addition to its well-known role as an intracellular energy intermediary in numerous biochemical and physiological processes, ATP is also an important extracellular signaling molecule. ATP mediates its effects by binding and activating two classes of P2 purinoreceptors: P2X receptors that are ligand-gated ion channel receptors, existing in seven isoforms (P2X 1 to 7) and P2Y receptors that are G-protein coupled receptors, existing in eight isoforms (P2Y 1/2/4/6/11/12/13/14). These receptors are ubiquitously distributed and involved in numerous physiological processes in several tissues. The concept of purinergic signaling, originally formulated by Geoffrey Burnstock (1929-2020), was also found to mediate various responses in the pancreas. Several studies have shown that P2 receptors are expressed in the endocrine pancreas, notably in β cells, where ATP could modulate their function but also their plasticity and thus play a physiological role in stimulating insulin secretion to face some metabolic demands. In this review, we provide a historical perspective and summarize current knowledge on P2-type purinergic signaling in the regulation of pancreatic β-cell functional plasticity, which would be a promising novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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34
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Cheng N, Zhang L, Liu L. Understanding the Role of Purinergic P2X7 Receptors in the Gastrointestinal System: A Systematic Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:786579. [PMID: 34987401 PMCID: PMC8721002 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.786579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The role of purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is of interest due to its involvement in inflammation and mediating immune cell responses. P2X7R is particularly implicated in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the extent of the actions of P2X7R in the gastrointestinal (GI) system under physiological and pathophysiological conditions remains to be elucidated. This systematic review aimed to identify, summarize and evaluate the evidence for a critical role of P2X7R in the GI system. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase and Scopus with search terms pertained to P2X7R in the GI system in disease or physiological state, including “P2X7 or P2X7 receptor or purinergic signaling” in combination with any of the terms “intestine or colon or gut or gastrointestinal,” “pathology or inflammation or disease or disorder,” and “physiology or expression.” Titles and abstracts were screened for potentially eligible full texts, and animal and human studies published in English were included in this study. Data were extracted from papers meeting inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was not feasible given the study diversity. Results: There were 48 papers included in this review. We identified 14 experimental colitis models, three sepsis models and one ischemia-reperfusion injury model. Among them, 11 studies examined P2X7R in GI infections, six studies on immune cell regulation, four studies on GI inflammation, two studies on GI malignancies, three studies involving intestinal injury due to various causes, two studies on ATP-activated P2X7R in the GI system and two studies on metabolic regulation. Conclusion: Evidence supports P2X7R mediating inflammation and immune cell responses in GI inflammation, infections and injury due to IBD and other challenges to the intestinal wall. P2X7R inhibition by gene knockout or by application of P2X7R antagonists can reduce tissue damage by suppressing inflammation. P2X7R is also implicated in GI malignancies and glucose and lipid homeostasis. P2X7R blockade, however, did not always lead to beneficial outcomes in the various pathological models of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Cheng
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Lu Liu,
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Lau CC, Aminuddin A, Chan KM, Paterson IC, Law LM, Ng PY. Extracellular ATP Induced S-Phase Cell Cycle Arrest via P2Y Receptor-Activated ERK Signaling in Poorly Differentiated Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma SAS Cells. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1170. [PMID: 34833046 PMCID: PMC8624497 DOI: 10.3390/life11111170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular ATP in the tumor microenvironment exhibits either pro- or antitumor effect via interaction with P2Y receptors, but the intracellular signaling and functional roles of P2Y receptors in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are unclear. We aimed to study the effect of ATP on OSCC cell lines and the potential mechanisms involved. Through GEPIA dataset analysis, high expression levels of mRNA encoding P2Y receptors, the ATP-induced G protein-coupled receptors, were associated with better overall patient survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. qPCR analysis showed that the poorly differentiated OSCC SAS cell line, had higher P2RY1 expression level compared to the well-differentiated H103 and H376 cell lines. Western blotting and flow cytometry analyses revealed that ATP phosphorylated ERK and elevated intracellular calcium signaling in all tested cell lines. A significant S-phase cell cycle arrest was observed in SAS, and preincubation with the MEK inhibitor PD0325901 reversed the ATP-induced S-phase arrest. We further demonstrated that ATP induced a slight reduction in cell count and colony formation yet significant apoptosis in SAS. Overall, we postulate that the ATP-induced S-phase arrest effect in SAS cells may be regulated through P2Y receptor-mediated ERK signaling, thus suggesting a potential antitumor effect of ATP via interaction with its distinct profile of P2Y receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Chih Lau
- Centre for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (C.C.L.); (A.A.); (L.M.L.)
| | - Amnani Aminuddin
- Centre for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (C.C.L.); (A.A.); (L.M.L.)
| | - Kok Meng Chan
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Ian C. Paterson
- Department of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Lok Mun Law
- Centre for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (C.C.L.); (A.A.); (L.M.L.)
| | - Pei Yuen Ng
- Centre for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (C.C.L.); (A.A.); (L.M.L.)
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Ding Z, Guo S, Luo L, Zheng Y, Gan S, Kang X, Wu X, Zhu S. Emerging Roles of Microglia in Neuro-vascular Unit: Implications of Microglia-Neurons Interactions. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:706025. [PMID: 34712121 PMCID: PMC8546170 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.706025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia, which serve as the defensive interface of the nervous system, are activated in many neurological diseases. Their role as immune responding cells has been extensively studied in the past few years. Recent studies have demonstrated that neuronal feedback can be shaped by the molecular signals received and sent by microglia. Altered neuronal activity or synaptic plasticity leads to the release of various communication messages from neurons, which in turn exert effects on microglia. Research on microglia-neuron communication has thus expanded from focusing only on neurons to the neurovascular unit (NVU). This approach can be used to explore the potential mechanism of neurovascular coupling across sophisticated receptor systems and signaling cascades in health and disease. However, it remains unclear how microglia-neuron communication happens in the brain. Here, we discuss the functional contribution of microglia to synapses, neuroimmune communication, and neuronal activity. Moreover, the current state of knowledge of bidirectional control mechanisms regarding interactions between neurons and microglia are reviewed, with a focus on purinergic regulatory systems including ATP-P2RY12R signaling, ATP-adenosine-A1Rs/A2ARs, and the ATP-pannexin 1 hemichannel. This review aims to organize recent studies to highlight the multifunctional roles of microglia within the neural communication network in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaohui Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihui Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueying Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuyuan Gan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianhui Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengmei Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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P2Y 12 Purinergic Receptor and Brain Tumors: Implications on Glioma Microenvironment. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206146. [PMID: 34684726 PMCID: PMC8540665 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common malignant brain tumors in adults, characterized by a high proliferation and invasion. The tumor microenvironment is rich in growth-promoting signals and immunomodulatory pathways, which increase the tumor's aggressiveness. In response to hypoxia and glioma therapy, the amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) strongly increase in the extracellular space, and the purinergic signaling is triggered by nucleotides' interaction in P2 receptors. Several cell types are present in the tumor microenvironment and can facilitate tumor growth. In fact, tumor cells can activate platelets by the ADP-P2Y12 engagement, which plays an essential role in the cancer context, protecting tumors from the immune attack and providing molecules that contribute to the growth and maintenance of a rich environment to sustain the protumor cycle. Besides platelets, the P2Y12 receptor is expressed by some tumors, such as renal carcinoma, colon carcinoma, and gliomas, being related to tumor progression. In this context, this review aims to depict the glioma microenvironment, focusing on the relationship between platelets and tumor malignancy.
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38
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Birder LA, Jackson EK. Dysregulated Purine Metabolism Contributes to Age-Associated Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunctions. ADVANCES IN GERIATRIC MEDICINE AND RESEARCH 2021; 3:e210018. [PMID: 34676378 PMCID: PMC8527459 DOI: 10.20900/agmr20210018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lower urinary tract (LUT) dysfunction is common in the older adult. Aging is associated with a number of both storage and voiding problems which are classified into syndromes with overlapping symptoms. Despite the prevalence and consequences of these syndromes, LUT disorders continue to be undertreated as few therapeutic options exist. Here, we propose that dysregulated metabolism of purine nucleotides results in an accumulation of uro-damaging hypoxanthine (a source of reactive oxygen species or ROS), which provides a mechanism for defects in sensory signaling and contractility, culminating in abnormal urodynamic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori A. Birder
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA 15261, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA 15261, USA
| | - Edwin K. Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA 15261, USA
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Hüll K, Fernández-Dueñas V, Schönberger M, López-Cano M, Trauner D, Ciruela F. Optical Control of Adenosine-Mediated Pain Modulation. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1979-1983. [PMID: 34448572 PMCID: PMC8634359 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine receptors (ARs) play many important roles in physiology and have been recognized as potential targets for pain relief. Here, we introduce three photoswitchable adenosine derivatives that function as light-dependent agonists for ARs and confer optical control to these G protein-coupled receptors. One of our compounds, AzoAdenosine-3, was evaluated in the classical formalin model of pain. The molecule, active in the dark, was not metabolized by adenosine deaminase and effectively reduced pain perception in a light-dependent manner. These antinociceptive effects suggested a major role for A1R and A3R in peripheral-mediated pain sensitization, whereas an average adenosine-mediated antinociceptive effect will be facilitated by A2AR and A2BR. Our results demonstrate that a photoswitchable adenosine derivative can be used to map the contribution of ARs mediating analgesia in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Hüll
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York City, New York 10003, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Menchen, Butenandtstrasse 5−13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Víctor Fernández-Dueñas
- Pharmacology
Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Neuropharmacology
and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, IDIBELL, Av. Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Matthias Schönberger
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Menchen, Butenandtstrasse 5−13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Marc López-Cano
- Pharmacology
Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Neuropharmacology
and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, IDIBELL, Av. Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York City, New York 10003, United States
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Pharmacology
Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Neuropharmacology
and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, IDIBELL, Av. Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
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40
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Nascimento FP, Macedo-Júnior SJ, Lapa-Costa FR, Cezar-Dos-Santos F, Santos ARS. Inosine as a Tool to Understand and Treat Central Nervous System Disorders: A Neglected Actor? Front Neurosci 2021; 15:703783. [PMID: 34504414 PMCID: PMC8421806 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.703783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 1970s, when ATP was identified as a co-transmitter in sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, it and its active metabolite adenosine have been considered relevant signaling molecules in biological and pathological processes in the central nervous system (CNS). Meanwhile, inosine, a naturally occurring purine nucleoside formed by adenosine breakdown, was considered an inert adenosine metabolite and remained a neglected actor on the purinergic signaling scene in the CNS. However, this scenario began to change in the 1980s. In the last four decades, an extensive group of shreds of evidence has supported the importance of mediated effects by inosine in the CNS. Also, inosine was identified as a natural trigger of adenosine receptors. This evidence has shed light on the therapeutic potential of inosine on disease processes involved in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Here, we highlight the clinical and preclinical studies investigating the involvement of inosine in chronic pain, schizophrenia, epilepsy, depression, anxiety, and in neural regeneration and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson and Alzheimer. Thus, we hope that this review will strengthen the knowledge and stimulate more studies about the effects promoted by inosine in neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisney Pinto Nascimento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia Clínica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernando Cezar-Dos-Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia Clínica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
| | - Adair R S Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Dor e Inflamação, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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41
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O’Shaughnessy EM, Duffy W, Garcia-Vega L, Hussey K, Burden AD, Zamiri M, Martin PE. Dysregulation of Connexin Expression Plays a Pivotal Role in Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116060. [PMID: 34199748 PMCID: PMC8200029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory disease affecting 2–3% of the population, is characterised by epidermal hyperplasia, a sustained pro-inflammatory immune response and is primarily a T-cell driven disease. Previous work determined that Connexin26 is upregulated in psoriatic tissue. This study extends these findings. Methods: Biopsies spanning psoriatic plaque (PP) and non-involved tissue (PN) were compared to normal controls (NN). RNA was isolated and subject to real-time PCR to determine gene expression profiles, including GJB2/CX26, GJB6/CX30 and GJA1/CX43. Protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Keratinocytes and fibroblasts were isolated and used in 3D organotypic models. The pro-inflammatory status of fibroblasts and 3D cultures was assessed via ELISA and RnD cytokine arrays in the presence or absence of the connexin channel blocker Gap27. Results: Connexin26 expression is dramatically enhanced at both transcriptional and translational level in PP and PN tissue compared to NN (>100x). In contrast, CX43 gene expression is not affected, but the protein is post-translationally modified and accumulates in psoriatic tissue. Fibroblasts isolated from psoriatic patients had a higher inflammatory index than normal fibroblasts and drove normal keratinocytes to adopt a “psoriatic phenotype” in a 3D-organotypic model. Exposure of normal fibroblasts to the pro-inflammatory mediator peptidoglycan, isolated from Staphylococcus aureus enhanced cytokine release, an event protected by Gap27. Conclusion: dysregulation of the connexin26:43 expression profile in psoriatic tissue contributes to an imbalance of cellular events. Inhibition of connexin signalling reduces pro-inflammatory events and may hold therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. O’Shaughnessy
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK; (E.M.O.); (L.G.-V.)
| | - William Duffy
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Crosshouse, Kilmarnock KA2 0BE, UK; (W.D.); (M.Z.)
| | - Laura Garcia-Vega
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK; (E.M.O.); (L.G.-V.)
| | - Keith Hussey
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK;
| | - A. David Burden
- Institute of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK;
| | - Mozheh Zamiri
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Crosshouse, Kilmarnock KA2 0BE, UK; (W.D.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Dermatology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Patricia E. Martin
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK; (E.M.O.); (L.G.-V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-141-331-3726
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42
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Zhao Y, Chen X, Lyu S, Ding Z, Wu Y, Gao Y, Du J. Identification of novel P2X7R antagonists by using structure-based virtual screening and cell-based assays. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 98:192-205. [PMID: 33993620 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment, inflammation and necrosis cause the accumulations of ATP extracellularly, and high concentrations of ATP can activate P2X7 receptors (P2X7R), which leads to the influx of Na+ , K+ , or Ca2+ into cells and trigger the downstream signaling pathways. P2X7R is a relatively unique ligand-gated ion channel, which is over-expressed in most tumor cells. The activated P2X7R facilitates the tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Inhibition of the P2X7R activation can be applied as a potential anti-tumor therapy strategy. There are currently no anti-tumor agents against P2X7R, though several P2X7R antagonists for indications such as anti-inflammatory and anti-depression were reported. In this study, we combined homology modeling (HM), virtual screening, and EB intake assay to characterize the structural features of P2X7R and identify several novel antagonists, which were chemically different from any other known P2X7R antagonists. The identified antagonists could effectively prevent the pore opening of P2X7R with IC50 values ranging from 29.14 to 35.34 μM. HM model showed the area between ATP-binding pocket, and allosteric sides were hydrophobic and suitable for small molecule interaction. Molecular docking indicated a universal binding mode, of which residues R294 and K311 were used as hydrogen bond donors to participate in antagonist interactions. The binding mode can potentially be utilized for inhibitor optimization for increased affinity, and the identified antagonists can be further tested for anti-cancer activity or may serve as chemical agents to study P2X7R related functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshuo Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sifan Lyu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhe Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yahong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanfeng Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiangfeng Du
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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43
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Costa L, de Souza A, Scholl J, Figueiró F, Battastini A, Jaques JDS, Zanoelo F. Biochemical characterization of adenosine deaminase (CD26; EC 3.5.4.4) activity in human lymphocyte-rich peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Braz J Med Biol Res 2021; 54:e10850. [PMID: 34037096 PMCID: PMC8148981 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2020e10850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion of adenosine to inosine is catalyzed by adenosine deaminase (ADA) (EC 3.5.4.4), which has two isoforms in humans (ADA1 and ADA2) and belongs to the zinc-dependent hydrolase family. ADA modulates lymphocyte function and differentiation, and regulates inflammatory and immune responses. This study investigated ADA activity in lymphocyte-rich peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the absence of disease. The viability of lymphocyte-rich PBMCs isolated from humans and kept in 0.9% saline solution at 4-8°C was analyzed over 20 h. The incubation time and biochemical properties of the enzyme, such as its Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax), were characterized through the liberation of ammonia from the adenosine substrate. Additionally, the presence of ADA protein on the lymphocyte surface was determined by flow cytometry using an anti-CD26 monoclonal human antibody, and the PBMCs showed long-term viability after 20 h. The ADA enzymatic activity was linear from 15 to 120 min of incubation, from 2.5 to 12.5 µg of protein, and pH 6.0 to 7.4. The Km and Vmax values were 0.103±0.051 mM and 0.025±0.001 nmol NH3·mg-1·s-1, respectively. Zinc and erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine (EHNA) inhibited enzymatic activity, and substrate preference was given to adenosine over 2'-deoxyadenosine and guanosine. The present study provides the biochemical characterization of ADA in human lymphocyte-rich PBMCs, and indicates the appropriate conditions for enzyme activity quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.R. Costa
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Geral e de Microrganismos, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular-SBBq, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - A.K.Y. de Souza
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Geral e de Microrganismos, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - J.N. Scholl
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - F. Figueiró
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - A.M.O. Battastini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - J.A. dos Santos Jaques
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Geral e de Microrganismos, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular-SBBq, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - F.F. Zanoelo
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Geral e de Microrganismos, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular-SBBq, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
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Li H, Uittenbogaard M, Hao L, Chiaramello A. Clinical Insights into Mitochondrial Neurodevelopmental and Neurodegenerative Disorders: Their Biosignatures from Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics. Metabolites 2021; 11:233. [PMID: 33920115 PMCID: PMC8070181 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11040233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic multitask organelles that function as hubs for many metabolic pathways. They produce most ATP via the oxidative phosphorylation pathway, a critical pathway that the brain relies on its energy need associated with its numerous functions, such as synaptic homeostasis and plasticity. Therefore, mitochondrial dysfunction is a prevalent pathological hallmark of many neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders resulting in altered neurometabolic coupling. With the advent of mass spectrometry (MS) technology, MS-based metabolomics provides an emerging mechanistic understanding of their global and dynamic metabolic signatures. In this review, we discuss the pathogenetic causes of mitochondrial metabolic disorders and the recent MS-based metabolomic advances on their metabolomic remodeling. We conclude by exploring the MS-based metabolomic functional insights into their biosignatures to improve diagnostic platforms, stratify patients, and design novel targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haorong Li
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall 4000, 800 22nd St., NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
| | - Martine Uittenbogaard
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, 2300 I Street N.W. Ross Hall 111, Washington, DC 20037, USA;
| | - Ling Hao
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall 4000, 800 22nd St., NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
| | - Anne Chiaramello
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, 2300 I Street N.W. Ross Hall 111, Washington, DC 20037, USA;
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45
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Deganutti G, Barkan K, Ladds G, Reynolds CA. Multisite Model of Allosterism for the Adenosine A1 Receptor. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:2001-2015. [PMID: 33779168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c01331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite being a target for about one-third of approved drugs, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) still represent a tremendous reservoir for therapeutic strategies against diseases. For example, several cardiovascular and central nervous system conditions could benefit from clinical agents that activate the adenosine 1 receptor (A1R); however, the pursuit of A1R agonists for clinical use is usually impeded by both on- and off-target side effects. One of the possible strategies to overcome this issue is the development of positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) capable of selectively enhancing the effect of a specific receptor subtype and triggering functional selectivity (a phenomenon also referred to as bias). Intriguingly, besides enforcing the effect of agonists upon binding to an allosteric site, most of the A1R PAMs display intrinsic partial agonism and orthosteric competition with antagonists. To rationalize this behavior, we simulated the binding of the prototypical PAMs PD81723 and VCP171, the full-agonist NECA, the antagonist 13B, and the bitopic agonist VCP746. We propose that a single PAM can bind several A1R sites rather than a unique allosteric pocket, reconciling the structure-activity relationship and the mutagenesis results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Deganutti
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Alison Gingell Building, Coventry CV1 5FB, U.K
| | - Kerry Barkan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, U.K
| | - Graham Ladds
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, U.K
| | - Christopher A Reynolds
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Alison Gingell Building, Coventry CV1 5FB, U.K
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46
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Deganutti G, Barkan K, Preti B, Leuenberger M, Wall M, Frenguelli BG, Lochner M, Ladds G, Reynolds CA. Deciphering the Agonist Binding Mechanism to the Adenosine A1 Receptor. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:314-326. [PMID: 33615181 PMCID: PMC7887845 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite being among the most characterized G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), adenosine receptors (ARs) have always been a difficult target in drug design. To date, no agonist other than the natural effector and the diagnostic regadenoson has been approved for human use. Recently, the structure of the adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) was determined in the active, Gi protein complexed state; this has important repercussions for structure-based drug design. Here, we employed supervised molecular dynamics simulations and mutagenesis experiments to extend the structural knowledge of the binding of selective agonists to A1R. Our results identify new residues involved in the association and dissociation pathway, they suggest the binding mode of N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) related ligands, and they highlight the dramatic effect that chemical modifications can have on the overall binding mechanism, paving the way for the rational development of a structure-kinetics relationship of A1R agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Deganutti
- Centre
for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life
Sciences, Coventry University, Alison Gingell Building, Coventry CV1 5FB, U.K.
| | - Kerry Barkan
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, U.K.
| | - Barbara Preti
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michele Leuenberger
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mark Wall
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Bruno G. Frenguelli
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Martin Lochner
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Graham Ladds
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, U.K.
| | - Christopher A. Reynolds
- Centre
for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life
Sciences, Coventry University, Alison Gingell Building, Coventry CV1 5FB, U.K.
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47
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Li Z, Huang Z, Bai L. The P2X7 Receptor in Osteoarthritis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:628330. [PMID: 33644066 PMCID: PMC7905059 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.628330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease. With the increasing aging population, the associated socio-economic costs are also increasing. Analgesia and surgery are the primary treatment options in late-stage OA, with drug treatment only possible in early prevention to improve patients' quality of life. The most important structural component of the joint is cartilage, consisting solely of chondrocytes. Instability in chondrocyte balance results in phenotypic changes and cell death. Therefore, cartilage degradation is a direct consequence of chondrocyte imbalance, resulting in the degradation of the extracellular matrix and the release of pro-inflammatory factors. These factors affect the occurrence and development of OA. The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) belongs to the purinergic receptor family and is a non-selective cation channel gated by adenosine triphosphate. It mediates Na+, Ca2+ influx, and K+ efflux, participates in several inflammatory reactions, and plays an important role in the different mechanisms of cell death. However, the relationship between P2X7R-mediated cell death and the progression of OA requires investigation. In this review, we correlate potential links between P2X7R, cartilage degradation, and inflammatory factor release in OA. We specifically focus on inflammation, apoptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy. Lastly, we discuss the therapeutic potential of P2X7R as a potential drug target for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ziyu Huang
- Foreign Languages College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lunhao Bai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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48
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Kumar M, Lowery RG. Development of a High-Throughput Assay to Identify Inhibitors of ENPP1. SLAS DISCOVERY 2021; 26:740-746. [PMID: 33402044 DOI: 10.1177/2472555220982321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune response to cancer is initiated by cytosolic DNA, where it binds to cGAS and triggers type I interferon (IFN) expression via the STING receptor, leading to activation of tumor-specific T cells. Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) has been identified as the primary enzyme responsible for degrading cGAMP, and therefore it is under intense investigation as a therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy. ENPP1 hydrolyzes cGAMP to produce AMP and GMP, and hydrolyzes ATP and other nucleotides to monophosphates and pyrophosphate. We developed a robust, high-throughput screening (HTS)-compatible enzymatic assay method for ENPP1 using the Transcreener AMP2/GMP2 Assay, a competitive fluorescence polarization (FP) immunoassay that enables direct detection of AMP and GMP in a homogenous format. The monoclonal antibody used in the Transcreener AMP2/GMP2 Assay showed more than 104-fold selectivity for AMP and GMP versus cGAMP, and 3000-fold selectivity for AMP over ATP, indicating that the assay can be used for detection at initial velocity with either substrate. A working concentration of 100 pM ENPP1 was determined as optimal with a 60 min reaction period, enabling screening with very low quantities of enzyme. A Z' value of 0.72 was determined using ATP as substrate, indicating a high-quality assay. Consistent with previous studies, we found that ENPP1 preferred ATP as a substrate when compared with other nucleotides like GTP, ADP, and GDP. ENPP1 showed a 20-fold selectivity for 2'3'cGAMP compared with 2'3'c-diGMP and showed no activity with 3'3'c-diAMP. The Transcreener AMP2/GMP2 Assay should prove to be a valuable tool for the discovery of ENPP1 lead molecules.
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49
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Ralevic V. History of Geoff Burnstock's research on P2 receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 187:114358. [PMID: 33279495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Geoffrey Burnstock is a purinergic signalling legend who's discoveries and conceptualisation created and shaped the field. His scientific achievements were extraordinary and sustained. They included his demonstration that ATP can act as a neurotransmitter and hence extracellular signalling molecule, which he championed despite considerable initial opposition to his proposal that ATP acts outside of its role as an energy source inside cells. He led on purine receptor classification: initially of the P1 and P2 receptor families, then the P2X and P2Y receptor families, and then subtypes of P2X and P2Y receptors. This was achieved across several decades as he conceptualised and made sense of the emerging and growing evidence that there were multiple receptor subtypes for ATP and other nucleotides. He made discoveries about short term and long term/trophic purinergic signalling. He was a leader in the field for over 50 years. He inspired many and was a great colleague and mentor. I had the privilege of spending over 10 years (from 1985) with Geoff at the Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London. This review is a personal perspective of some of Geoff's research on P2 receptors carried out during that time. It is a tribute to Geoff who I regarded with enormous respect and admiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Ralevic
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.
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50
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Chandran N, Iyer M, Siama Z, Vellingiri B, Narayanasamy A. Purinergic signalling pathway: therapeutic target in ovarian cancer. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-020-00059-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The lack of early diagnostic tools and the development of chemoresistance have made ovarian cancer (OC) one of the deadliest gynaecological cancers. The tumour microenvironment is characterised by the extracellular release of high levels of ATP, which is followed by the activation of P1 adenosinergic and P2 purinergic signalling systems. The sequential hydrolysis of ATP by the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 generates adenosine, which creates an immune suppressive microenvironment by inhibiting the T and NK cell responses via the A2A adenosine receptor.
Main body of the abstract
In OC, adenosine-induced pAMPK pathway leads to the inhibition of cell growth and proliferation, which offers new treatment options to prevent or overcome chemoresistance. The activation of P2Y12 and P2Y1 purinergic receptors expressed in the platelets promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The inhibitors of these receptors will be the effective therapeutic targets in managing OC. Furthermore, research on these signalling systems indicates an expanding field of opportunities to specifically target the purinergic receptors for the treatment of OC.
Short conclusion
In this review, we have described the complex purinergic signalling mechanism involved in the development of OC and discussed the merits of targeting the components involved in the purinergic signalling pathway.
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