1
|
El-Dessouki AM, Alzokaky AA, Raslan NA, Ibrahim S, Salama LA, Yousef EH. Piracetam mitigates nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin via the AMPK-mediated PI3K/Akt and MAPK/JNK/ERK signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112511. [PMID: 38909496 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Cisplatin (CDDP) is commonly employed as an antineoplastic agent, but its use is significantly limited by the occurrence of dose-dependent nephrotoxicity, the detailed mechanisms of which remain unclear. This research is aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms of Piracetam (PIR)'s protective effects on nephrotoxicity resulting from CDDP exposure and to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for these effects. MAIN METHODS PIR was given in dosages of 100 and 300 mg/kg body weight for a duration of 15 days; concurrently, on the last day, a single 10 mg/kg dose of CDDP was delivered via intraperitoneal injection. Forty-eight hours post-CDDP injection, the animals were sacrificed to assess nephrotoxicity. Blood samples and renal tissues were taken for biochemical and histopathological investigations. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), caspase-9 and nuclear factor kappa b p65 (NF-κB p65) were assessed by immunohistochemistry method. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis was employed to determine cytochrome c (Cyt. c), Bcl-2-associated X-protein (BAX), caspase-3, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels in renal tissue homogenates. The mRNA levels of tumor protein P53 (TP53), phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) were tested by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Additionally, histopathological evaluations of the renal tissues and the binding affinity of PIR to AMPK by molecular docking were also performed. KEY FINDINGS Pre-treatment with PIR enhanced renal function markers such as urea and creatinine, mitigated histological damage, and diminished inflammatory cell presence in renal tubules. PIR demonstrated antioxidant effects by reestablishing the equilibrium between pro-oxidants and antioxidants such as MPO, HO-1, Nrf2, as well as SOD. Furthermore, PIR inhibited the inflammatory pathways through the MAPK/NF-κB pathway. Additionally, PIR counteracted the CDDP-induced decline in PI3K/Akt activity and hindered caspase-dependent apoptotic processes. SIGNIFICANCE In summary, PIR appears to be an effective therapeutic strategy for reducing CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity, attributed to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic mechanisms. Consequently, PIR may serve as a complementary treatment alongside CDDP to alleviate nephrotoxicity associated with CDDP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M El-Dessouki
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 12566, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amany A Alzokaky
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt; Pharmacology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt
| | - Nahed A Raslan
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt; Clinical Pharmacy Program, College of Health Sciences and Nursing, Al-Rayan Colleges, Madina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar Ibrahim
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, Ataka, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa A Salama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt
| | - Eman H Yousef
- Pharmacology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu J, Yang N, Wang X, Wang W. Piracetam reduces oxidative stress and mitochondrial function impairment in an in vitro model of vascular dementia. Exp Brain Res 2024:10.1007/s00221-024-06868-x. [PMID: 38842755 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-024-06868-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the most common cause of dementia in older adults. Due to the lack of effective treatment options, there is an urgent need to find an effective pharmaceutical compound to combat VaD. Piracetam has been reported to improve impaired cognitive function in a variety of conditions in both human and animal models. However, the role and mechanism of Piracetam in VaD remain unclear. Therefore this study aimed to elucidate the effect of Piracetam on a cellular model of VaD in vitro. We found that Piracetam enhanced the growth of OGD-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, Piracetam inhibited the oxidative stress of OGD-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells. Further, Piracetam improved mitochondrial function of OGD-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells. Mechanistically, Piracetam inhibited the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in OGD-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells. Collectively, Piracetam improved oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction of OGD-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells through PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis. Hence, Piracetam has the potential to serve as a promising drug of VaD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, No.48 FengHao Road(West), Lianhu District, Xi'an City, 710077, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Na Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, No.48 FengHao Road(West), Lianhu District, Xi'an City, 710077, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, No.48 FengHao Road(West), Lianhu District, Xi'an City, 710077, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, No.48 FengHao Road(West), Lianhu District, Xi'an City, 710077, Shaanxi Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Niknahad H, Mobasheri A, Arjmand A, Rafiei E, Alidaee S, Razavi H, Bagheri S, Rezaei H, Sabouri S, Najibi A, Khodaei F, Kashani SMA, Ommati MM, Heidari R. Hepatic encephalopathy complications are diminished by piracetam via the interaction between mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and locomotor activity. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20557. [PMID: 37810869 PMCID: PMC10551565 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background of the study: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a complication in which brain ammonia (NH4+) levels reach critically high concentrations because of liver failure. HE could lead to a range of neurological complications from locomotor and behavioral disturbances to coma. Several tactics have been established for subsiding blood and brain NH4+. However, there is no precise intervention to mitigate the direct neurological complications of NH4+. Purpose It has been found that oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and neuro-inflammation play a fundamental role in NH4+ neurotoxicity. Piracetam is a drug used clinically in neurological complications such as stroke and head trauma. Piracetam could significantly diminish oxidative stress and improve brain mitochondrial function. Research methods In the current study, piracetam (100 and 500 mg/kg, oral) was used in a mice model of HE induced by thioacetamide (TA, 800 mg/kg, single dose, i.p). Results Significant disturbances in animals' locomotor activity, along with increased oxidative stress biomarkers, including reactive oxygen species formation, protein carbonylation, lipid peroxidation, depleted tissue glutathione, and decreased antioxidant capacity, were evident in the brain of TA-treated mice. Meanwhile, mitochondrial permeabilization, mitochondrial depolarization, suppression of dehydrogenases activity, and decreased ATP levels were found in the brain of the TA group. The level of pro-inflammatory cytokines was also significantly high in the brain of HE animals. Conclusion It was found that piracetam significantly enhanced mice's locomotor activity, blunted oxidative stress biomarkers, decreased inflammatory cytokines, and improved mitochondrial indices in hyperammonemic mice. These data suggest piracetam as a neuroprotective agent which could be repurposed for the management of HE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Niknahad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics, And Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Departments of Orthopedics Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 3508, GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Abdollah Arjmand
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Rafiei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Alidaee
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hadi Razavi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Bagheri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Heresh Rezaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samira Sabouri
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological, Animal Sciences, And Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Asma Najibi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Forouzan Khodaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Amin Kashani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological, Animal Sciences, And Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental and Animal Product Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, China
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
An D, Xu W, Ge Y, Ge Y, Zhang L, Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Fan J, Gao R, Jiang L, Huang P, Wang J, Chen X. Protection of Oxygen Glucose Deprivation-Induced Human Brain Vascular Pericyte Injury: Beneficial Effects of Bellidifolin in Cellular Pyroptosis. Neurochem Res 2023:10.1007/s11064-023-03943-7. [PMID: 37127800 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03943-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pericytes play critical roles in the maintenance of brain vascular homeostasis. However, very little is currently known about how pericytes regulate ischemic stroke-induced brain injury. Inflammation is a key event in the pathobiology of stroke, in which the nod-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is involved in, triggering sterile inflammatory responses and pyroptosis. In the current study, an immortalized cell line derived from human brain vascular pericytes (HBVPs) was constructed, and it showed that HBVPs challenged with oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) displays pronounced cellular excretion of LDH, IL-1β, IL-18 and increased PI positive staining. Mechanistically, upon OGD treatment, NLRP3 forms an inflammasome with its adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein, containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) and caspase-1, manifested as much more co-stainings of NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1 in HBVPs, accompanied by the increased protein levels of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 as well as the pyroptosis-associated protein gasdermin D (GSDMD). Intriguingly, GSDMD-N shuttled to the mitochondrial membrane triggered by OGD exposure, which promoted massive mitochondria-derived ROS generation. Importantly, the invention value of the specific targets was evaluated by treatment with bellidifolin, a kind of ketone compound derived from Swertia chirayita in traditional Tibetan medicine. It showed that bellidifolin exerts beneficial effects and attenuates the formation of NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 complex, thereby impeding GSDMD-N shuttling and resultant ROS generation, protecting against OGD-induced HBVPs pyroptosis. Overall, these findings unravel the potential mechanisms of pericyte injury induced by OGD and indicate that bellidifolin may exert its beneficial effects on pyroptosis, thus providing new therapeutic insights into stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di An
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weixiao Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingxin Ge
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaning Ge
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linwei Zhang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongman Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junting Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Rong Gao
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peipei Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
- China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xufeng Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aloizou AM, Labedi A, Richter D, Ceylan U, Schroeder C, Lukas C, Gold R, Krogias C. Cortical Blindness As A Sign of Delayed Post-Hypoxic Encephalopathy: A Case Report. Int J Neurosci 2023:1-3. [PMID: 37099671 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2023.2208280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
We present a case of a 67-year-old female patient, who presented with acute cortical blindness five days after a successful resuscitation from cardiac arrest. The magnetic resonance tomography revealed a mild FLAIR signal increase of the bilateral occipital cortex. A lumbar puncture revealed considerably elevated tau protein levels, in the presence of normal phospho-tau, as a marker of brain injury, whilst neuron-specific enolase levels were normal. The diagnosis of delayed post-hypoxic encephalopathy was set. We hereby describe a rare clinical manifestation after initially successful resuscitation and encourage the studying of tau protein as a potential marker of this disease entity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athina-Maria Aloizou
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Adnan Labedi
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Richter
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ulas Ceylan
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christoph Schroeder
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Carsten Lukas
- Institute of Neuroradiology, St. Josef-Hospital Bochum, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ralf Gold
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christos Krogias
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mostafa RE, Morsi AH, Asaad GF. Piracetam attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity in rats: Amelioration of necroptosis, pyroptosis and caspase-dependent apoptosis. Life Sci 2022; 303:120671. [PMID: 35636581 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cyclophosphamide (Cyclo) is an immunosuppressive and antineoplastic agent. The clinical use of Cyclo is limited by significant hepatotoxicity. Piracetam (Pira) is used to improve cognitive function. Pira possesses diverse physiological functions; however, the exact mechanisms of its activity are still non-elucidated. MAIN METHODS Forty rats were allocated in four groups. 1st group comprised normal rats; the remaining groups received single Cyclo dose (200 mg/kg/i.p.) on the experiment's 15th day. 2nd group comprised Cyclo-control rats. 3rd & 4th groups received Pira (100 & 300 mg/kg body weight) for 15 days. KEY FINDINGS Cyclo administration resulted in deterioration of serum liver function tests and elevation of hepatic tissue concentration of P53, Nf-kβ, apoptosis-inducing factor-1, NLRP3 inflammasome, Bax; gene expression of receptor-induced protein-1 along with reduction of hepatic Bcl-2 concentration. Bax/Bcl-2 ratio headed for apoptosis. Cyclo administration also resulted in a severe deterioration of the hepatic histopathological picture and significant immunohistochemical expression of caspase-3, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in hepatic tissues versus the normal group. Pira significantly improved all the aforementioned parameters, reallocating the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio to anti-apoptosis. Moreover, Pira treatment amended Cyclo-induced histopathological abnormalities and significantly reduced caspase-3, TNF-α plus COX-2 immunoreactivity in hepatic tissues. SIGNIFICANCE The present work is the first to link Cyclo-induced hepatotoxicity to the activation of caspase-independent apoptosis (necroptosis), pyroptosis and caspase-dependent apoptosis signaling pathways. Pira treatment significantly ameliorated Cyclo-induced hepatotoxicity mainly via the amendment of necroptotic, pyroptotic and caspase-dependent apoptotic changes along with the histopathological deformities in rats' hepatic tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rasha E Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Azza Hassan Morsi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gihan F Asaad
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
PINK1-mediated Drp1 S616 phosphorylation modulates synaptic development and plasticity via promoting mitochondrial fission. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:103. [PMID: 35422062 PMCID: PMC9010405 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic change of mitochondrial morphology and distribution along neuronal branches are essential for neural circuitry formation and synaptic efficacy. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. We show here that Pink1 knockout (KO) mice display defective dendritic spine maturation, reduced axonal synaptic vesicles, abnormal synaptic connection, and attenuated long-term synaptic potentiation (LTP). Drp1 activation via S616 phosphorylation rescues deficits of spine maturation in Pink1 KO neurons. Notably, mice harboring a knockin (KI) phosphor-null Drp1S616A recapitulate spine immaturity and synaptic abnormality identified in Pink1 KO mice. Chemical LTP (cLTP) induces Drp1S616 phosphorylation in a PINK1-dependent manner. Moreover, phosphor-mimetic Drp1S616D restores reduced dendritic spine localization of mitochondria in Pink1 KO neurons. Together, this study provides the first in vivo evidence of functional regulation of Drp1 by phosphorylation and suggests that PINK1-Drp1S616 phosphorylation coupling is essential for convergence between mitochondrial dynamics and neural circuitry formation and refinement.
Collapse
|
8
|
Yousefsani BS, Mehri S, Pourahmad J, Hosseinzadeh H. Protective Effect of Crocin against Mitochondrial Damage and Memory Deficit Induced by Beta-amyloid in the Hippocampus of Rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 20:79-94. [PMID: 34567148 PMCID: PMC8457717 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.112206.13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia among the elderly. This progressive neurodegenerative disorder affects brain regions that control cognition, memory, language, speech, and awareness. As a potent antioxidant, crocin has been proposed to effectively manage the neurodegenerative disease. In this study, the recovery effects of crocin on the memory deficits caused by the intra-hippocampal injection of amyloid beta1-42 (Aβ1-42) were evaluated in rats. We also considered the protective effects of crocin on the mitochondrial damage caused by Aβ1-42. We examined the memory deficits of rats with the help of the Morris water maze. Then, we determined different mitochondrial toxicity endpoints caused by Aβ1-42, including mitochondrial ROS formation, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, mitochondrial outer membrane integrity, and cytochrome c release. Our results demonstrated that the behavioral signs of memory deficiency caused by Aβ1-42 significantly (P < 0.01) reduced by both pretreatment and post-treatment with crocin (30 mg/kg). Furthermore, crocin prevented all the Aβ1-42 induced above referenced mitochondrial upstream toxic events leading to neuronal apoptosis. These results demonstrated that crocin is a promising preventive candidate for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, it seems that the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of crocin are better seen when the compound is pretreated beforehand rather than introduced afterward in Aβ1-42 exposed mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Sadat Yousefsani
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soghra Mehri
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jalal Pourahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dihydrocapsaicin effectively mitigates cerebral ischemia-induced pathological changes in vivo, partly via antioxidant and anti-apoptotic pathways. Life Sci 2021; 283:119842. [PMID: 34298038 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Ischemic stroke occurs when there is a sudden blockage of cerebral blood flow. This condition is a major cause of mortality, especially in low-income countries, and its incidence is dramatically increasing. Therapeutic strategies against stroke are therefore required. The present study explored the effects of dihydrocapsaicin on neuronal loss, brain infarct volume, and antioxidants in a rat model of permanent occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (Rt.MCAO). MAIN METHODS Male Wistar rats received dihydrocapsaicin intraperitoneally for 7 days after permanent occlusion of their right middle cerebral artery (Rt.MCAO). Then, the brain infarct volume, neuronal density, and antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities in the cortex and hippocampus were determined at the end of the study. KEY FINDING Dihydrocapsaicin treatment was found to significantly improve neuronal density, decrease infarct volume, reduce MDA elevation, improve CAT and SOD activities, decrease the density ratio of Bax and caspase-3, and increase the density ratio of Bcl-XL to β-actin in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. SIGNIFICANCE The present study suggests that dihydrocapsaicin effectively mitigates cerebral ischemia-induced pathological changes in vivo, partly via antioxidant and anti-apoptotic pathways.
Collapse
|
10
|
González-Fernández R, Grigoruţă M, Chávez-Martínez S, Ruiz-May E, Elizalde-Contreras JM, Valero-Galván J, Martínez-Martínez A. Liver proteome alterations in psychologically distressed rats and a nootropic drug. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11483. [PMID: 34055494 PMCID: PMC8140599 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic psychological distress is considered today a pandemic due to the modern lifestyle and has been associated with various neurodegenerative, autoimmune, or systemic inflammation-related diseases. Stress is closely related to liver disease exacerbation through the high activity of the endocrine and autonomic nervous systems, and the connection between the development of these pathologies and the physiological effects induced by oxidative stress is not yet completely understood. The use of nootropics, as the cognitive enhancer and antioxidant piracetam, is attractive to repair the oxidative damage. A proteomic approach provides the possibility to obtain an in-depth comprehension of the affected cellular processes and the possible consequences for the body. Therefore, we considered to describe the effect of distress and piracetam on the liver proteome. Methods We used a murine model of psychological stress by predatory odor as a distress paradigm. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were distributed into four experimental groups (n = 6 − 7/group) and were exposed or not to the stressor for five days and treated or not with piracetam (600 mg/kg) for six days. We evaluated the liver proteome by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D-SDS-PAGE) followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GeLC-MS/MS). Besides, we analyzed the activity of liver antioxidant enzymes, the biochemical parameters in plasma and rat behavior. Results Our results showed that distress altered a wide range of proteins involved in amino acids metabolism, glucose, and fatty acid mobilization and degradation on the way to produce energy, protein folding, trafficking and degradation, redox metabolism, and its implications in the development of the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Piracetam reverted the changes in metabolism caused by distress exposure, and, under physiological conditions, it increased catabolism rate directed towards energy production. These results confirm the possible relationship between chronic psychological stress and the progression of NAFLD, as well as we newly evidenced the controversial beneficial effects of piracetam. Finally, we propose new distress biomarkers in the liver as the protein DJ-1 (PARK7), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX), peroxiredoxin-5 (PRDX5), glutaredoxin 5 (GLRX5), and thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNDR1), and in plasma as biochemical parameters related to kidney function such as urea and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel González-Fernández
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Mariana Grigoruţă
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Sarahi Chávez-Martínez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Eliel Ruiz-May
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | | | - José Valero-Galván
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Severyukhin YS, Lalkovičová M, Kolesnikova IA, Utina DM, Lyakhova KN, Gaevsky VN. The effect of piracetam on behavioral reactions of adult rats and morphological changes in the brain after whole body fractionated gamma irradiation: an exploratory study. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2021; 60:73-86. [PMID: 33394131 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-020-00886-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This research was aimed at examining the effect of piracetam on behavioral reactions and morphological changes in the brain of adult rats after fractionated gamma irradiation with a total dose of 5 Gy. Fractionated gamma irradiation led to a decrease in freezing behavior in the Open Field and leukopenia. These behavioral and hematological disorders were accompanied by a cell decrease in the cross-sectional area of granular layer of the dentate gyrus, an increase in the number of Fluoro Jade B-positive cells, and an increase in the number of irreversible changes in the cerebral cortex. The administration of piracetam immediately after irradiation for 14 days maintained the freezing behavior at the level of intact animals and decreased in general motor activity. Also, an increase in morphometric parameters and a decrease of neurodegeneration were observed. We found a statistically significant decrease in the number of Fluoro Jade B-positive cells in comparison with the group of irradiated animals. The drug had no leukoprotective effect on laboratory animals, and led to the emergence of inconclusive trends in the alternation of the arms of the T-labyrinth. Piracetam application showed positive behavioral and morphological changes in rodents and might have a neuroprotective effect in brain tissue after gamma irradiation. Since it is the first experiment with piracetam we attempted, this exploratory study serves to provide more insight into the potential neuroprotection activity of piracetam, and following research is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu S Severyukhin
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 20, 14198, Dubna, Russia
- Dubna State University, Universitetskaya 19, 14198, Dubna, Russia
| | - M Lalkovičová
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 20, 14198, Dubna, Russia.
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01, Kosice, Slovakia.
| | - I A Kolesnikova
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 20, 14198, Dubna, Russia
- Dubna State University, Universitetskaya 19, 14198, Dubna, Russia
| | - D M Utina
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 20, 14198, Dubna, Russia
- Dubna State University, Universitetskaya 19, 14198, Dubna, Russia
| | - K N Lyakhova
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 20, 14198, Dubna, Russia
| | - V N Gaevsky
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 20, 14198, Dubna, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Song X, Gong Z, Liu K, Kou J, Liu B, Liu K. Baicalin combats glutamate excitotoxicity via protecting glutamine synthetase from ROS-induced 20S proteasomal degradation. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101559. [PMID: 32473460 PMCID: PMC7260594 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many neuroprotective approaches targeting neurons in animal models fail to provide benefits for the treatment of ischemic stroke in clinic and glial cells have become the targets in some basic studies. Baicalin has neuroprotective effects but the mechanisms related to glial cells are not revealed. This study investigated whether and how baicalin can combat excitotoxicity via protecting the functions of astrocytes in early stage of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) insult by focusing on glutamine synthetase (GS). Experimental approach The role of baicalin was explored in primary astrocytes exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) and rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). Key results Mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activation led to an excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via reverse electron transport (RET) under conditions of OGD/R or I/R, which increased the carbonylation and proteasomal degradation of GS in astrocytes. Treatment of baicalin decreased the oxidative stress mediated by SDH and reduced the subsequent loss of GS. This effect increased the glutamate disposal by astrocytes and protected neurons from excitotoxicity in response to I/R insults. Conclusions and implications Baicalin inactivated SDH to suppress ROS production and protected GS protein stability against oxidative stress, contributing to the improvement of the glutamate disposal and decrease in excitotoxicity. These results suggest that protection of GS stability in astrocytes might be an effective strategy to prevent neuronal injury in acute ischemic stroke. SDH activation induced the excessive ROS production during early reperfusion. Activated SDH-induced GS degradation by 20S proteasome impaired glutamate disposal. Baicalin inactivated SDH, decreased GS loss and suppressed excitotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianrui Song
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Zixuan Gong
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Kaili Liu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Junping Kou
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Baolin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fessel J. Prevention of Alzheimer's disease by treating mild cognitive impairment with combinations chosen from eight available drugs. ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA-TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2019; 5:780-788. [PMID: 31763432 PMCID: PMC6861553 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2019.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Several hundred clinical trials of initially promising drugs have failed to produce meaningful clinical improvement of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is probably because there are at least 25 biochemical pathways known to be aberrant that underpin the disease, and unless there is a single drug that addresses all or most of them, even promising drugs if given alone are unlikely to succeed. Because so many pathways are potentially at fault, it is quite possible that no treatment might succeed. However, because amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) often precedes AD and, assuming that those with aMCI who progress to AD commence with insufficient risk factors for AD but accrue them later, then it is likely that fewer pathways need addressing in aMCI than in AD to either prevent progression of aMCI to AD or effect its reversion. Published reports show that eight drugs, that is, dantrolene, erythropoietin, lithium, memantine, minocycline, piracetam, riluzole, and silymarin, address many of the pathways underlying MCI and AD. Among those eight drugs, combinations between either two or three of them have combined nonoverlapping actions that benefit enough of the approximately 25 pathways at fault so that their convergent efficacy has the potential to prevent aMCI from progressing to AD. The combinations should be subjected to a clinical trial in persons with aMCI to establish their safety and efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Fessel
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Audano M, Pedretti S, Crestani M, Caruso D, De Fabiani E, Mitro N. Mitochondrial dysfunction increases fatty acid β-oxidation and translates into impaired neuroblast maturation. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:3173-3189. [PMID: 31432511 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic transition from anaerobic glycolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation to glycolysis coupled to oxidative phosphorylation is a key process for the transition of quiescent neural stem cells to proliferative neural progenitor cells. However, a full characterization of the metabolic shift and the involvement of mitochondria during the last step of neurogenesis, from neuroblasts to neuron maturation, is still elusive. Here, we describe a model of neuroblasts, Neuro2a cells, with impaired differentiation capacity due to mitochondrial dysfunction. Using a detailed biochemical characterization consisting of steady-state metabolomics and metabolic flux analysis, we find increased fatty acid β-oxidation as a peculiar feature of neuroblasts with altered mitochondria. The consequent metabolic switch favors neuroblast proliferation at the expense of neuron maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Audano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Pedretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Crestani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Donatella Caruso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Emma De Fabiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Nico Mitro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Stockburger C, Eckert S, Eckert GP, Friedland K, Müller WE. Mitochondrial Function, Dynamics, and Permeability Transition: A Complex Love Triangle as A Possible Target for the Treatment of Brain Aging and Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:S455-S467. [PMID: 29504539 DOI: 10.3233/jad-179915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Because of the failure of all amyloid-β directed treatment strategies for Alzheimer's disease (AD), the concept of mitochondrial dysfunction as a major pathomechanism of the cognitive decline in aging and AD has received substantial support. Accordingly, improving mitochondrial function as an alternative strategy for new drug development became of increasing interest and many different compounds have been identified which improve mitochondrial function in preclinical in vitro and in vivo experiments. However, very few if any have been investigated in clinical trials, representing a major drawback of the mitochondria directed drug development. To overcome these problems, we used a top-down approach by investigating several older antidementia drugs with clinical evidence of therapeutic efficacy. These include EGb761® (standardized ginkgo biloba extract), piracetam, and Dimebon. All improve experimentally many aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction including mitochondrial dynamics and also improve cognition and impaired neuronal plasticity, the functionally most relevant consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction. All partially inhibit opening events of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) which previously has mainly been discussed as a mechanism relevant for the induction of apoptosis. However, as more recent work suggests the mPTP as a master regulator of many mitochondrial functions, our data suggest the mPTP as a possible relevant drug target within the love triangle between mPTP regulation, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitochondrial function including regulation of neuronal plasticity. Drugs interfering with mPTP function will improve not only mitochondrial impairment in aging and AD but also will have beneficial effects on impaired neuronal plasticity, the pathomechanism which correlates best with functional deficits (cognition, behavior) in aging and AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carola Stockburger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Frankfurt/M, Biocenter, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Schamim Eckert
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Frankfurt/M, Biocenter, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Gunter P Eckert
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Kristina Friedland
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Walter E Müller
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Frankfurt/M, Biocenter, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Protecting Mitochondrial Health: A Unifying Mechanism in Adult Neurogenesis. J Neurosci 2019; 37:6603-6605. [PMID: 28701582 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1036-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
17
|
Drug screening for Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease by quantifying the total levels and membrane localization of PLP1. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2019; 20:100474. [PMID: 31110947 PMCID: PMC6510973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2019.100474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) is caused by point mutations or copy number changes in the proteolipid protein 1 gene (PLP1). PLP1 is exclusively localized in the myelin sheath of oligodendrocytes. Amino acid-substituted PLP1 protein is unable to fold properly and is subsequently degraded and/or restrictedly translated, resulting in a decrease in the PLP1 protein level and a failure to localize to the membrane. Furthermore, misfolded proteins increase the burden on the intracellular quality control system and trafficking, finally resulting in cell apoptosis. The objective of this study was to identify therapeutic chemicals for PMD by quantifying the total levels and membrane localization of PLP1. Method We established a cell line stably expressing PLP1A243V fused with green fluorescent protein in oligodendrocyte-derived MO3.13 cells. We screened a chemical library composed of drugs approved for central nervous system disorders that increased both the total intensity of PLP1A243V in the whole cell and the cell membrane localization. We analyzed the change in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the gene expression of candidate chemicals using a micro-array analysis. Finally, we tested the in vivo effectiveness using myelin synthesis deficient (msd) mice with PlpA243V. Results and conclusion Piracetam significantly increased the PLP1A243V intensity and membrane localization and decreased the ER stress. It was also shown to reverse the gene expression changes induced by PLP1A243V in a micro-array analysis. However, in vivo treatment of piracetam did not improve the survival of msd mice (Plp1A243V).
Collapse
Key Words
- CNS, Central nervous systems
- Drug screening
- EGFP, Enhanced green fluorescent protein
- ER, Endoplasmic reticulum
- ER-associated degradation
- Gene expression
- IPA, Ingenuity pathways analysis
- IRE1 α, Inositol requiring enzyme 1 α
- Membrane protein
- Oligodendrocyte
- PLP1
- PLP1, Proteolipid protein 1
- PMD, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease
- UPR, Unfolded protein response
- XBP1, X-box binding protein 1
- msd, Myelin synthesis deficient
Collapse
|
18
|
Fayez AM, Elnoby AS, Bahnasawy NH, Hassan O. Neuroprotective effects of zafirlukast, piracetam and their combination on L-Methionine-induced vascular dementia in rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2019; 33:634-648. [PMID: 31001898 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vascular dementia is considered a vascular cognitive impairment disease caused by neuronal degeneration in the brain. Several studies have supported the hypothesis that oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction are the main pathogenic factors in vascular dementia. This current study aims to determine the possible neuroprotective effects of zafirlukast, piracetam and the combination of piracetam and zafirlukast on L-methionine-induced vascular dementia in rats. Male Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups. Group I was the normal control, and group II received L-methionine (1700 mg/kg, P.O.) for 32 days. The remaining groups received zafirlukast (20 mg/kg, P.O.), piracetam (600 mg/kg, P.O.) or their combination (zafirlukast 20 mg/kg + piracetam 600 mg/kg, P.O.) for 32 days after L-methionine administration. Afterwards, the cognitive and memory performances of the rats were investigated using the novel object recognition (NOR) test; rats were then sacrificed for histopathological and biochemical analyses. L-methionine-induced vascular dementia altered rats' behaviours and the brain contents of different neurotransmitters and acetylcholinesterase activity while increasing levels of oxidative stress and causing notable histopathological alterations in brain tissues. The treatment of vascular dementia with zafirlukast and the combination improved neurochemical, behavioural and histological alterations to a comparable level to those of piracetam. Thus, zafirlukast, piracetam and the combination of both drugs can be considered as potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of vascular dementia induced by L-methionine. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to explore the neuroprotective effects of zafirlukast and piracetam on L-methionine-induced vascular dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Fayez
- Pharmacology Department, October University for Modern Science and Arts, 11787, 6 October City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Elnoby
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt, 57357, Cairo, Egypt.,Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Science and Arts, 11787, 6 October City, Egypt
| | - Nada H Bahnasawy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Science and Arts, 11787, 6 October City, Egypt
| | - Omar Hassan
- Pharmacology Department, October University for Modern Science and Arts, 11787, 6 October City, Egypt.,Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Science and Arts, 11787, 6 October City, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gold S, Forryan S. Postoperative cognitive decline: A current problem with a difficult future. TRENDS IN ANAESTHESIA AND CRITICAL CARE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tacc.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
20
|
Grigoruţă M, Vargas-Caraveo A, Vázquez-Mayorga E, Castillo-Michel HA, Díaz-Sánchez ÁG, Reyes-Herrera J, Martínez-Martínez A. Blood mononuclear cells as speculum of emotional stress analyzed by synchrotron infrared spectroscopy and a nootropic drug. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 204:475-483. [PMID: 29966903 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic psychological stress is an important public health issue which generates behavioral changes, anxiety, immunosuppression and oxidative damage. Piracetam is a cognitive enhancer, at cellular level it protects from oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of psychological stress and of piracetam on circulating mononuclear cells by analyzing the biochemical spectrome using Synchrotron Radiation Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy (SR-μFTIR). Rats were exposed for five days to a stressor (cat odor) under oral administration of piracetam (600 mg/kg). SR-μFTIR analysis showed a decrease in bands associated to the lipids region (2852 cm-1, 2923 cm-1 and 2962 cm-1) and an increase absorption of the amide I band (1654 cm-1) under stress conditions. The principal component analysis showed increase oxidation of lipids (decrease of 3010 cm-1, 2923 cm-1 and 2852 cm-1 bands) as well as proteins denaturation (increase of 1610 cm-1 and 1690 cm-1 bands) under stress. Piracetam provided protection to polyunsaturated lipids (p ≤ 0.001) and lipids/proteins ratio (p ≤ 0.001). Behaviorally, this drug diminished fear and anxiety in stressed animals by the plus maze test (p ≤ 0.002). However, this drug induced oxidative stress in mononuclear cells from unstressed animals and altered their behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Grigoruţă
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez (UACJ), Anillo envolvente Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, 32310 Cd. Juárez, Mexico
| | | | - Emmanuel Vázquez-Mayorga
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez (UACJ), Anillo envolvente Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, 32310 Cd. Juárez, Mexico
| | | | - Ángel G Díaz-Sánchez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez (UACJ), Anillo envolvente Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, 32310 Cd. Juárez, Mexico
| | - Juan Reyes-Herrera
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), B.P. 220, Grenoble, France
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez (UACJ), Anillo envolvente Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, 32310 Cd. Juárez, Mexico; El Colegio de Chihuahua, Calle Partido Díaz 4723 esquina con Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF, colonia Progresista, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua C.P. 32310, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Verma DK, Gupta S, Biswas J, Joshi N, Sivarama Raju K, Wahajuddin M, Singh S. Metabolic Enhancer Piracetam Attenuates the Translocation of Mitochondrion-Specific Proteins of Caspase-Independent Pathway, Poly [ADP-Ribose] Polymerase 1 Up-regulation and Oxidative DNA Fragmentation. Neurotox Res 2018; 34:198-219. [PMID: 29532444 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9878-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Piracetam, a nootropic drug, has been clinically used for decades; however, its mechanism of action still remains enigmatic. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the role of mitochondrion-specific factors of caspase-independent pathway like apoptotic-inducing factor (AIF) and endonuclease-G (endo-G) in piracetam-induced neuroprotection. N2A cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exhibited significant cytotoxicity, impaired mitochondrial activity, and reactive oxygen species generation which was significantly attenuated with piracetam co-treatment. Cells co-treated with LPS and piracetam exhibited significant uptake of piracetam in comparison to only piracetam-treated cells as estimated by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MSMS). LPS treatment caused significant translocation of AIF and endonuclease-G in neuronal N2A cells which were significantly attenuated with piracetam co-treatment. Significant over-expression of proinflammatory cytokines was also observed after treatment of LPS to cells which was inhibited with piracetam co-treatment demonstrating its anti-inflammatory property. LPS-treated cells exhibited significant oxidative DNA fragmentation and poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase-1 (PARP-1) up-regulation in nucleus, both of which were attenuated with piracetam treatment. Antioxidant melatonin but not z-VAD offered the inhibited LPS-induced DNA fragmentation indicating the involvement of oxidative DNA fragmentation. Further, we did not observe the altered caspase-3 level after LPS treatment initially while at a later time point, significantly augmented level of caspase-3 was observed which was not inhibited with piracetam treatment. In total, our findings indicate the interference of piracetam in mitochondrion-mediated caspase-independent pathway, as well as its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. Graphical Abstract Graphical abstract indicating the novel interference of metabolic enhancer piracetam (P) in neuronal death mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Verma
- Toxicology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
| | - Sonam Gupta
- Toxicology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
| | - Joyshree Biswas
- Toxicology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
| | - Neeraj Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - K Sivarama Raju
- Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
| | - Mu Wahajuddin
- Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India
| | - Sarika Singh
- Toxicology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liao WH, Wu CH, Chen WS. Pre-Treatment with Either L-Carnitine or Piracetam Increases Ultrasound-Mediated Gene Transfection by Reducing Sonoporation-Associated Apoptosis. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2018; 44:1257-1265. [PMID: 29549974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sonoporation, the use of ultrasound to alter the permeability of cell membranes, is a non-viral technique used to facilitate gene delivery, possibly by opening transient pores in the cell membrane. However, sonoporation may have negative bio-effects on cells, such as causing apoptosis, which limits its efficacy in gene delivery. In this study, we investigated whether pre-treatment with either L-carnitine or piracetam could protect cells from undergoing apoptosis after sonoporation and the possible mechanisms. We found that either L-carnitine or piracetam can promote gene transfection without reducing cell viability, possibly by reducing cavitation-induced reactive oxygen species generation, reversing alterations of mitochondrial membrane potential, preventing caspase-3/7 activity and facilitating mitochondrial ATP production. In conclusion, pre-treatment with either L-carnitine or piracetam could protect cells from sonoporation-associated apoptosis by preserving mitochondrial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hao Liao
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chueh-Hung Wu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Shiang Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Medical Engineering Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Verma DK, Gupta S, Biswas J, Joshi N, Singh A, Gupta P, Tiwari S, Sivarama Raju K, Chaturvedi S, Wahajuddin M, Singh S. New therapeutic activity of metabolic enhancer piracetam in treatment of neurodegenerative disease: Participation of caspase independent death factors, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses and apoptosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2078-2096. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
24
|
Yousefsani BS, Pourahmad J, Hosseinzadeh H. The mechanism of protective effect of crocin against liver mitochondrial toxicity caused by arsenic III. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 28:105-114. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1368054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Sadat Yousefsani
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jalal Pourahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fidaleo M, Cavallucci V, Pani G. Nutrients, neurogenesis and brain ageing: From disease mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 141:63-76. [PMID: 28539263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Appreciation of the physiological relevance of mammalian adult neurogenesis has in recent years rapidly expanded from a phenomenon of homeostatic cell replacement and brain repair to the current view of a complex process involved in high order cognitive functions. In parallel, an array of endogenous or exogenous triggers of neurogenesis has also been identified, among which metabolic and nutritional cues have drawn significant attention. Converging evidence from animal and in vitro studies points to nutrient sensing and energy metabolism as major physiological determinants of neural stem cell fate, and modulators of the whole neurogenic process. While the cellular and molecular circuitries underlying metabolic regulation of neurogenesis are still incompletely understood, the key role of mitochondrial activity and dynamics, and the importance of autophagy have begun to be fully appreciated; moreover, nutrient-sensitive pathways and transducers such as the insulin-IGF cascade, the AMPK/mTOR axis and the transcription regulators CREB and Sirt-1 have been included, beside more established "developmental" signals like Notch and Wnt, in the molecular networks that dictate neural-stem-cell self-renewal, migration and differentiation in response to local and systemic inputs. Many of these nutrient-related cascades are deregulated in the contest of metabolic diseases and in ageing, and may contribute to impaired neurogenesis and thus to cognition defects observed in these conditions. Importantly, accumulating knowledge on the metabolic control of neurogenesis provides a theoretical framework for the trial of new or repurposed drugs capable of interfering with nutrient sensing as enhancers of neurogenesis in the context of neurodegeneration and brain senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fidaleo
- Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica School of Medicine, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Virve Cavallucci
- Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica School of Medicine, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovambattista Pani
- Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica School of Medicine, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Piracetam Attenuates LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Impairment in Rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 37:1373-1386. [PMID: 28176051 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0468-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study was performed to investigate the effect of piracetam on neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and resulting changes in cognitive behavior. Neuroinflammation was induced by a single dose of LPS solution infused into each of the lateral cerebral ventricles in concentrations of 1 μg/μl, at a rate of 1 μl/min over a 5-min period, with a 5-min waiting period between the two infusions. Piracetam in doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg i.p. was administered 30 min before LPS infusion and continued for 9 days. On ninth day, the behavioral test for memory and anxiety was done followed by blood collection and microdissection of the hippocampus (HIP) and prefrontal cortex brain regions. Piracetam attenuated the LPS-induced decrease in coping strategy to novel environment indicating anxiolytic activity. It also reversed the LPS-induced changes in the known arm and novel arm entries in the Y-maze test indicating amelioration of spatial memory impairment. Further, piracetam moderated LPS-induced decrease in the mitochondrial complex enzyme activities (I, II, IV, and V) and mitochondrial membrane potential. It ameliorated changes in hippocampal lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels including the activity of superoxide dismutase. Piracetam region specifically ameliorated LPS-induced increase in the level of IL-6 in HIP indicating anti-neuroinflammatory effect. Further, piracetam reduced HIP Aβ (1-40) and increased blood Aβ level suggesting efflux of Aβ from HIP to blood. Therefore, the present study indicates preclinical evidence for the use of piracetam in the treatment of neuroinflammatory disorders.
Collapse
|
27
|
Beckervordersandforth R, Ebert B, Schäffner I, Moss J, Fiebig C, Shin J, Moore DL, Ghosh L, Trinchero MF, Stockburger C, Friedland K, Steib K, von Wittgenstein J, Keiner S, Redecker C, Hölter SM, Xiang W, Wurst W, Jagasia R, Schinder AF, Ming GL, Toni N, Jessberger S, Song H, Lie DC. Role of Mitochondrial Metabolism in the Control of Early Lineage Progression and Aging Phenotypes in Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Neuron 2017; 93:560-573.e6. [PMID: 28111078 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Precise regulation of cellular metabolism is hypothesized to constitute a vital component of the developmental sequence underlying the life-long generation of hippocampal neurons from quiescent neural stem cells (NSCs). The identity of stage-specific metabolic programs and their impact on adult neurogenesis are largely unknown. We show that the adult hippocampal neurogenic lineage is critically dependent on the mitochondrial electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation machinery at the stage of the fast proliferating intermediate progenitor cell. Perturbation of mitochondrial complex function by ablation of the mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) reproduces multiple hallmarks of aging in hippocampal neurogenesis, whereas pharmacological enhancement of mitochondrial function ameliorates age-associated neurogenesis defects. Together with the finding of age-associated alterations in mitochondrial function and morphology in NSCs, these data link mitochondrial complex function to efficient lineage progression of adult NSCs and identify mitochondrial function as a potential target to ameliorate neurogenesis-defects in the aging hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Beckervordersandforth
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Birgit Ebert
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Iris Schäffner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Moss
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Fiebig
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jaehoon Shin
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Neurology, The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Darcie L Moore
- Brain Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Science, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laboni Ghosh
- Brain Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Science, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mariela F Trinchero
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity, Leloir Institute (IIBBA, CONICET), C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carola Stockburger
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kristina Friedland
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Steib
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Julia von Wittgenstein
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Silke Keiner
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Redecker
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Sabine M Hölter
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wei Xiang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ravi Jagasia
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CNS Discovery; Pharma Research and Early Development, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alejandro F Schinder
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity, Leloir Institute (IIBBA, CONICET), C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Neurology, The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nicolas Toni
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Jessberger
- Brain Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Science, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hongjun Song
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Neurology, The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - D Chichung Lie
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Stockburger C, Miano D, Baeumlisberger M, Pallas T, Arrey TN, Karas M, Friedland K, Müller WE. A Mitochondrial Role of SV2a Protein in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease: Studies with Levetiracetam. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 50:201-15. [PMID: 26639968 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant neuronal network activity associated with neuronal hyperexcitability seems to be an important cause of cognitive decline in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Out of many antiepileptics, only levetiracetam improved cognitive dysfunction in AD patients and AD animal models by reducing hyperexcitability. As impaired inhibitory interneuronal function, rather than overactive neurons, seems to be the underlying cause, improving impaired neuronal function rather than quieting overactive neurons might be relevant in explaining the lack of activity of the other antiepileptics. Interestingly, improvement of cognitive deficits by levetiracetam caused by small levels of soluble Aβ was accompanied by improvement of synaptic function and plasticity. As the negative effects of Aβ on synaptic plasticity strongly correlate with mitochondrial dysfunction, wehypothesized that the effect of levetiracetam on synaptic activity might be raised by an improved mitochondrial function. Accordingly, we investigated possible effects of levetiracetam on neuronal deficits associated with mitochondrial dysfunction linked to aging and AD. Levetiracetam improved several aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction including alterations of fission and fusion balance in a cell model for aging and early late-onset AD. We demonstrate for the first time, using immunohistochemistry and proteomics, that the synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2a), the molecular target of levetiracetam, is expressed in mitochondria. In addition, levetiracetam shows significant effect on the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Importantly, the effects of levetiracetam were significantly abolished when SV2a was knockdown using siRNA. In conclusion, interfering with the SV2a protein at the mitochondrial level and thereby improving mitochondrial function might represent an additional therapeutic effect of levetiracetam to improve symptoms of late-onset AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carola Stockburger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Frankfurt/M, Biocenter, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - Davide Miano
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Frankfurt/M, Biocenter, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - Marion Baeumlisberger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cluster of Excellence "Macromolecular Complexes", Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - Thea Pallas
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Frankfurt/M, Biocenter, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | | | - Michael Karas
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cluster of Excellence "Macromolecular Complexes", Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - Kristina Friedland
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen/Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Walter E Müller
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Frankfurt/M, Biocenter, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Enhanced Neuroplasticity by the Metabolic Enhancer Piracetam Associated with Improved Mitochondrial Dynamics and Altered Permeability Transition Pore Function. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:8075903. [PMID: 27747106 PMCID: PMC5056292 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8075903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial cascade hypothesis of dementia assumes mitochondrial dysfunction leading to reduced energy supply, impaired neuroplasticity, and finally cell death as one major pathomechanism underlying the continuum from brain aging over mild cognitive impairment to initial and advanced late onset Alzheimer's disease. Accordingly, improving mitochondrial function has become an important strategy to treat the early stages of this continuum. The metabolic enhancer piracetam has been proposed as possible prototype for those compounds by increasing impaired mitochondrial function and related aspects like mechanisms of neuroplasticity. We here report that piracetam at therapeutically relevant concentrations improves neuritogenesis in the human cell line SH-SY5Y over conditions mirroring the whole spectrum of age-associated cognitive decline. These effects go parallel with improvement of impaired mitochondrial dynamics shifting back fission and fusion balance to the energetically more favorable fusion site. Impaired fission and fusion balance can also be induced by a reduction of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) function as atractyloside which indicates the mPTP has similar effects on mitochondrial dynamics. These changes are also reduced by piracetam. These findings suggest the mPTP as an important target for the beneficial effects of piracetam on mitochondrial function.
Collapse
|
30
|
Singh N, Hroudová J, Fišar Z. In Vitro Effects of Cognitives and Nootropics on Mitochondrial Respiration and Monoamine Oxidase Activity. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5894-5904. [PMID: 27660276 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0121-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of mitochondrial metabolism, particularly the electron transport chain (ETC), as well as increased oxidative stress might play a significant role in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Some effects of drugs used for symptomatic AD treatment may be related to their direct action on mitochondrial function. In vitro effects of pharmacologically different cognitives (galantamine, donepezil, rivastigmine, 7-MEOTA, memantine) and nootropic drugs (latrepirdine, piracetam) were investigated on selected mitochondrial parameters: activities of ETC complexes I, II + III, and IV, citrate synthase, monoamine oxidase (MAO), oxygen consumption rate, and hydrogen peroxide production of pig brain mitochondria. Complex I activity was decreased by galantamine, donepezil, and memantine; complex II + III activity was increased by galantamine. None of the tested drugs caused significant changes in the rate of mitochondrial oxygen consumption, even at high concentrations. Except galantamine, all tested drugs were selective MAO-A inhibitors. Latrepirdine, donepezil, and 7-MEOTA were found to be the most potent MAO-A inhibitors. Succinate-induced mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production was not significantly affected by the drugs tested. The direct effect of cognitives and nootropics used in the treatment of AD on mitochondrial respiration is relatively small. The safest drugs in terms of disturbing mitochondrial function appear to be piracetam and rivastigmine. The MAO-A inhibition by cognitives and nootropics may also participate in mitochondrial neuroprotection. The results support the future research aimed at measuring the effects of currently used drugs or newly synthesized drugs on mitochondrial functioning in order to understand their mechanism of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hroudová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdeněk Fišar
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang PP, Sun HX, Liu CJ, Hu MH, He XQ, Yue S, Jiao ZZ, Xiang L. Racemic oleracein E increases the survival rate and attenuates memory impairment in D-galactose/NaNO₂-induced senescent mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:460-467. [PMID: 27064004 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compounds that possess a pyrrolidone skeleton are a rich resource for the discovery of nootropic drugs. Oleracein E (OE), which possesses both tetrahydroisoquinoline and pyrrolidone skeletons, was first isolated from the medicinal plant Portulaca oleracea L. and was thought to be an active component in the cognition-improvement effect induced by this herb. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of OE on cognitive impairment in senescent mice and its underlying mechanism of action. METHOD Senescent Kunming mice were established by the intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose (D-gal, 1250 mg/kg/d) and NaNO2 (90 mg/kg/d) for 8 weeks. OE (3 mg/kg/d, 15 mg/kg/d) was orally administered for 8 weeks, and the nootropic drug piracetam (PA, 400 mg/kg/d) was used as a positive control. A Morris water maze was used to assess cognitive ability. GSH and MDA levels and T-AOC, SOD, and CAT activities in the brain or plasma were determined. Hippocampal morphology was observed by HE staining, and expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Caspase-3 was observed by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Large-dosage treatments with D-gal/NaNO2 for 8 weeks significantly reduced survival, impaired spatial memory capacity, compensatorily up-regulated GSH level and T-AOC and SOD activities, decreased CAT activity, and induced hippocampal neuronal damage and apoptosis as reflected by the apparent low expression of Bcl-2 and high expression of Bax and Caspase-3. OE significantly prolonged lifespan and was more potent than PA. Similar to PA, OE at 15 mg/kg/d improved memory capacity. The underlying mechanism of action was related to the reversal of abnormal brain antioxidant biomarkers (GSH, T-AOC, and SOD) to normal levels and the inhibition of hippocampal neuronal apoptosis. CONCLUSION OE from P. oleracea is an active compound for improving cognitive function and is also a candidate nootropic drug for the treatment of age-related dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, Suzhou 215008, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ce-Jia Liu
- Jinan Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ming-Hong Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiu-Quan He
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Su Yue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ze-Zhao Jiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Lan Xiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Effect of piracetam, vincamine, vinpocetine, and donepezil on oxidative stress and neurodegeneration induced by aluminum chloride in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-015-2182-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
33
|
Mendes GD, Zaffalon GT, Silveira AS, Ramacciato JC, Motta RHL, Gagliano-Jucá T, Lopes AG, de Almeida Magalhães JC, De Nucci G. Assessment of pharmacokinetic interaction between piracetam and l-carnitine in healthy subjects. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 30:536-42. [PMID: 26248695 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive and specific method for quantifying piracetam in human plasma using Piracetam d-8 as the internal standard (IS) is described. The analyte and the IS were extracted from plasma by one-step precipitation of protein using an acetonitrile (100%). The extracts were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The method had a chromatographic run time of 3.8 min and a linear calibration curve over the range 0.5-50 µg/mL (r > 0.99). This LC-MS-MS procedure was used to assess the bioavailability of two piracetam formulations: piracetam + l-carnitine (Piracar®; 270/330 mg tablet) and piracetam (Nootropil®; 800 mg tablet) in healthy volunteers of both sexes. The geometric means with corresponding 90% confidence interval (CI) for test/reference percentage ratios were 88.49% (90% CI = 81.19 - 96.46) for peak concentration/dose and 102.55% (90% CI = 100.62 - 104.51) for AUCinf /dose. The limit of quantitation of 0.5 µg/mL is well suited for pharmacokinetic studies in healthy volunteers. It was concluded that piracetam (Piracar®; 270/330 mg tablet) has a bioavailability equivalent to the piracetam (Nootropil®; 800 mg tablet) formulation with regard to both the rate and the extent of absorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo D Mendes
- Department of Pharmacology, University Camilo Castelo Branco, SP, Brazil.,Galeno Research Unit, Latino Coelho St, 1301, Parque Taquaral, 13087-010, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Traldi Zaffalon
- Department of Pharmacology, University Camilo Castelo Branco, SP, Brazil.,Faculty of Odontology, Dental Research Center São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Sérgio Silveira
- Galeno Research Unit, Latino Coelho St, 1301, Parque Taquaral, 13087-010, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thiago Gagliano-Jucá
- Galeno Research Unit, Latino Coelho St, 1301, Parque Taquaral, 13087-010, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Anibal Gil Lopes
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Camilo Castelo Branco, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Gilberto De Nucci
- Department of Pharmacology, University Camilo Castelo Branco, SP, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kale PP, Addepalli V, Sarkar A, Patel S, Savai J. The Combination of Antidepressant Duloxetine with Piracetam in Mice does not Produce Enhancement of Nootropic Activity. Exp Neurobiol 2014; 23:224-30. [PMID: 25258569 PMCID: PMC4174613 DOI: 10.5607/en.2014.23.3.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a strong association between depression and memory impairment. The present study aims to assess the nootropic activity of duloxetine and piracetam combination. Male Swiss Albino mice were divided randomly into 4 groups. Treatment of normal saline (10 ml/kg), duloxetine (10 mg/kg), piracetam (100 mg/kg), and duloxetine (5 mg/kg) plus piracetam (50 mg/kg) were given through intra-peritoneal route to group I-IV, respectively. Transfer latency in elevated plus maze (EPM) and time spent in target quadrant in Morris water maze (MWM) were recorded. Estimation of brain monoamines in hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and whole brain were done using HPLC with fluorescence detector. Piracetam treated group showed significant decrease in transfer latency in EPM and increase in time spent in target quadrant recorded in MWM. Combination treated group failed to produce statistically significant nootropic effect in both EPM and MWM. Combination treated group failed to increase brain monoamine levels when compared against duloxetine and piracetam treated groups, separately. But there was exception of significant increase in norepinephrine levels in hippocampi when compared against duloxetine treated group. Results indicate no cognitive benefits with piracetam plus duloxetine combination. These findings can be further probed with the aim of understanding the interaction between duloxetine and piracetam as a future endeavor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Popatrao Kale
- Department of Pharmacology, SPP SPTM, NMIMS University, India. ; Department of Pharmacology, Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai 400-056, India
| | | | - Amrita Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacology, SPP SPTM, NMIMS University, India
| | - Sonam Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, SPP SPTM, NMIMS University, India
| | - Jay Savai
- Department of Pharmacology, SPP SPTM, NMIMS University, India
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
D'Antona G, Nabavi SM, Micheletti P, Di Lorenzo A, Aquilani R, Nisoli E, Rondanelli M, Daglia M. Creatine, L-carnitine, and ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation from healthy to diseased skeletal muscle. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:613890. [PMID: 25243159 PMCID: PMC4163371 DOI: 10.1155/2014/613890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Myopathies are chronic degenerative pathologies that induce the deterioration of the structure and function of skeletal muscle. So far a definitive therapy has not yet been developed and the main aim of myopathy treatment is to slow the progression of the disease. Current nonpharmacological therapies include rehabilitation, ventilator assistance, and nutritional supplements, all of which aim to delay the onset of the disease and relieve its symptoms. Besides an adequate diet, nutritional supplements could play an important role in the treatment of myopathic patients. Here we review the most recent in vitro and in vivo studies investigating the role supplementation with creatine, L-carnitine, and ω3 PUFAs plays in myopathy treatment. Our results suggest that these dietary supplements could have beneficial effects; nevertheless continued studies are required before they could be recommended as a routine treatment in muscle diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe D'Antona
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Laboratory for Motor Activities in Rare Diseases (LUSAMMR), University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19395-5487, Tehran, Iran
| | - Piero Micheletti
- Department of Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Arianna Di Lorenzo
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Aquilani
- Maugeri Foundation IRCCS, Montescano Scientific Institute, Via Per Montescano 31, 27040 Montescano, Italy
| | - Enzo Nisoli
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Mariangela Rondanelli
- Human Nutrition Section, Health Sciences Department, University of Pavia, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Via Emilia 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gupta S, Verma DK, Biswas J, Rama Raju KS, Joshi N, Wahajuddin, Singh S. The metabolic enhancer piracetam attenuates mitochondrion-specific endonuclease G translocation and oxidative DNA fragmentation. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 73:278-90. [PMID: 24882422 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the involvement of mitochondrion-specific endonuclease G in piracetam (P)-induced protective mechanisms. Studies have shown the antiapoptotic effects of piracetam but the mechanism of action of piracetam is still an enigma. To assess the involvement of endonuclease G in piracetam-induced protective effects, astrocyte glial cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and piracetam. LPS treatment caused significantly decreased viability, mitochondrial activity, oxidative stress, chromatin condensation, and DNA fragmentation, which were attenuated by piracetam cotreatment. Cotreatment of astrocytes with piracetam showed its significantly time-dependent absorption as observed with high-performance liquid chromatography. Astrocytes treated with piracetam alone showed enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in comparison to control astrocytes. However, in LPS-treated cells no significant alteration in MMP was observed in comparison to control cells. Protein and mRNA levels of the terminal executor of the caspase-mediated pathway, caspase-3, were not altered significantly in LPS or LPS + piracetam-treated astrocytes, whereas endonuclease G was significantly translocated to the nucleus in LPS-treated astrocytes. Piracetam cotreatment attenuated the LPS-induced endonuclease G translocation. In conclusion this study indicates that LPS treatment of astrocytes caused decreased viability, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, chromatin condensation, DNA damage, and translocation of endonuclease G to the nucleus, which was inhibited by piracetam cotreatment, confirming that the mitochondrion-specific endonuclease G is one of the factors involved in piracetam-induced protective mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Gupta
- Toxicology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Verma
- Toxicology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Joyshree Biswas
- Toxicology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K Siva Rama Raju
- Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neeraj Joshi
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Wahajuddin
- Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sarika Singh
- Toxicology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mehta AK, Bhati Y, Tripathi CD, Sharma KK. Analgesic Effect of Piracetam on Peripheral Neuropathic Pain Induced by Chronic Constriction Injury of Sciatic Nerve in Rats. Neurochem Res 2014; 39:1433-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1329-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
38
|
Mitochondrial dysfunction: cause and consequence of Alzheimer's disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2014; 127:183-210. [PMID: 25149218 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394625-6.00007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of common, nonfamiliar late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is only partly understood and seems to be extremely complex including many genetic and environmental factors. The most important environmental risk factor to develop LOAD is aging itself. Aging and LOAD are considered to be strongly linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and enhanced oxidative stress. In this review, we focus on the interaction between mitochondrial dysfunction in aging especially on defects of the respiratory chain of the oxidative phosphorylation system resulting in enhanced oxidative stress and the interplay between aging-associated mitochondrial defects and LOAD-associated mitochondrial failure. The deleterious effects of the two hallmarks of LOAD, amyloid beta, and hyperphosphorylated tau, on mitochondrial function, movement, and morphology are described as well as the toxic effects of the most relevant genetic risk factor of LOAD, the apolipoprotein E4 allele. Finally, the review provides an overview about drugs and nutritional ingredients which improve mitochondrial function or/and act as antioxidants and discusses their potential role in the treatment of LOAD.
Collapse
|
39
|
Cerebroprotective effect of Moringa oleifera against focal ischemic stroke induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:951415. [PMID: 24367723 PMCID: PMC3866794 DOI: 10.1155/2013/951415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The protection against ischemic stroke is still required due to the limitation of therapeutic efficacy. Based on the role of oxidative stress in stroke pathophysiology, we determined whether Moringa oleifera, a plant possessing potent antioxidant activity, protected against brain damage and oxidative stress in animal model of focal stroke. M. oleifera leaves extract at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg·kg(-1) was orally given to male Wistar rats (300-350 g) once daily at a period of 2 weeks before the occlusion of right middle cerebral artery (Rt.MCAO) and 3 weeks after Rt.MCAO. The determinations of neurological score and temperature sensation were performed every 7 days throughout the study period, while the determinations of brain infarction volume, MDA level, and the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px were performed 24 hr after Rt.MCAO. The results showed that all doses of extract decreased infarction volume in both cortex and subcortex. The protective effect of medium and low doses of extract in all areas occurred mainly via the decreased oxidative stress. The protective effect of the high dose extract in striatum and hippocampus occurred via the same mechanism, whereas other mechanisms might play a crucial role in cortex. The detailed mechanism required further exploration.
Collapse
|
40
|
Improvement of mitochondrial function and dynamics by the metabolic enhancer piracetam. Biochem Soc Trans 2013; 41:1331-4. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20130054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic enhancer piracetam is used in many countries to treat cognitive impairment in aging, brain injuries, as well as dementia such as AD (Alzheimer's disease). As a specific feature of piracetam, beneficial effects are usually associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. In previous studies we were able to show that piracetam enhanced ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential as well as neurite outgrowth in cell and animal models for aging and AD. To investigate further the effects of piracetam on mitochondrial function, especially mitochondrial fission and fusion events, we decided to assess mitochondrial morphology. Human neuroblastoma cells were treated with the drug under normal conditions and under conditions imitating aging and the occurrence of ROS (reactive oxygen species) as well as in stably transfected cells with the human wild-type APP (amyloid precursor protein) gene. This AD model is characterized by expressing only 2-fold more human Aβ (amyloid β-peptide) compared with control cells and therefore representing very early stages of AD when Aβ levels gradually increase over decades. Interestingly, these cells exhibit an impaired mitochondrial function and morphology under baseline conditions. Piracetam is able to restore this impairment and shifts mitochondrial morphology back to elongated forms, whereas there is no effect in control cells. After addition of a complex I inhibitor, mitochondrial morphology is distinctly shifted to punctate forms in both cell lines. Under these conditions piracetam is able to ameliorate morphology in cells suffering from the mild Aβ load, as well as mitochondrial dynamics in control cells.
Collapse
|
41
|
Zaitone SA, Abo-Elmatty DM, Elshazly SM. Piracetam and vinpocetine ameliorate rotenone-induced Parkinsonism in rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2013; 44:774-9. [PMID: 23248410 PMCID: PMC3523508 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.103300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2011] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of the nootropic drugs, piracetam (PIR) and vinpocetine (VIN), in rotenone-induced Parkinsonism in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty male rats were divided into 6 groups of 10 rats each. The groups were administered vehicle, control (rotenone, 1.5 mg/kg/48 h/6 doses, s.c.), PIR (100 and 200 mg/kg/day, p.o.) and VIN (3 and 6 mg/kg/day, p.o.). The motor performance of the rats was evaluated by the open field and pole test. Striatal dopamine level, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were assayed. Histopathological study of the substantia nigra was also done. RESULTS Results showed that rotenone-treated rats exhibited bradykinesia and motor impairment in the open-field test. In addition, GSH level was decreased whereas MDA and TNF-α increased in striata of rotenone-treated rats as compared to vehicle-treated rats. Marked degeneration of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) neurons and depletion of striatal dopamine was also observed in the rotenone-treated rats. Treatment with PIR or VIN significantly reversed the locomotor deficits and increased striatal dopamine level. Treatment with VIN significantly (P<0.05) reduced the striatal level of MDA and GSH in comparison to rotenone group whereas TNF-α production was found to be significantly decreased in PIR group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION VIN and PIR exhibit neuroprotective activity in rotenone-induced Parkinsonism. Hence, these nootropic agents may be considered as possible candidates in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan A Zaitone
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Marisco PC, Carvalho FB, Rosa MM, Girardi BA, Gutierres JM, Jaques JAS, Salla APS, Pimentel VC, Schetinger MRC, Leal DBR, Mello CF, Rubin MA. Piracetam prevents scopolamine-induced memory impairment and decrease of NTPDase, 5'-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase activities. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:1704-14. [PMID: 23677777 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1072-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Piracetam improves cognitive function in animals and in human beings, but its mechanism of action is still not completely known. In the present study, we investigated whether enzymes involved in extracellular adenine nucleotide metabolism, adenosine triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase), 5'-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase (ADA) are affected by piracetam in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of animals subjected to scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Piracetam (0.02 μmol/5 μL, intracerebroventricular, 60 min pre-training) prevented memory impairment induced by scopolamine (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, immediately post-training) in the inhibitory avoidance learning and in the object recognition task. Scopolamine reduced the activity of NTPDase in hippocampus (53 % for ATP and 53 % for ADP hydrolysis) and cerebral cortex (28 % for ATP hydrolysis). Scopolamine also decreased the activity of 5'-nucleotidase (43 %) and ADA (91 %) in hippocampus. The same effect was observed in the cerebral cortex for 5'-nucleotidase (38 %) and ADA (68 %) activities. Piracetam fully prevented scopolamine-induced memory impairment and decrease of NTPDase, 5'-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase activities in synaptosomes from cerebral cortex and hippocampus. In vitro experiments show that piracetam and scopolamine did not alter enzymatic activity in cerebral cortex synaptosomes. Moreover, piracetam prevented scopolamine-induced increase of TBARS levels in hippocampus and cerebral cortex. These results suggest that piracetam-induced improvement of memory is associated with protection against oxidative stress and maintenance of NTPDase, 5'-nucleotidase and ADA activities, and suggest the purinergic system as a putative target of piracetam.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia C Marisco
- Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences (CCS), Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
La Guardia PG, Alberici LC, Ravagnani FG, Catharino RR, Vercesi AE. Protection of rat skeletal muscle fibers by either L-carnitine or coenzyme Q10 against statins toxicity mediated by mitochondrial reactive oxygen generation. Front Physiol 2013; 4:103. [PMID: 23720630 PMCID: PMC3654210 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial redox imbalance has been implicated in mechanisms of aging, various degenerative diseases and drug-induced toxicity. Statins are safe and well-tolerated therapeutic drugs that occasionally induce myotoxicity such as myopathy and rhabdomyolysis. Previous studies indicate that myotoxicity caused by statins may be linked to impairment of mitochondrial functions. Here, we report that 1-h incubation of permeabilized rat soleus muscle fiber biopsies with increasing concentrations of simvastatin (1–40 μM) slowed the rates of ADP-or FCCP-stimulated respiration supported by glutamate/malate in a dose-dependent manner, but caused no changes in resting respiration rates. Simvastatin (1 μM) also inhibited the ADP-stimulated mitochondrial respiration supported by succinate by 24% but not by TMPD/ascorbate. Compatible with inhibition of respiration, 1 μM simvastatin stimulated lactate release from soleus muscle samples by 26%. Co-incubation of muscle samples with 1 mM L-carnitine, 100 μM mevalonate or 10 μM coenzyme Q10 (Co-Q10) abolished simvastatin effects on both mitochondrial glutamate/malate-supported respiration and lactate release. Simvastatin (1 μM) also caused a 2-fold increase in the rate of hydrogen peroxide generation and a decrease in Co-Q10 content by 44%. Mevalonate, Co-Q10 or L-carnitine protected against stimulation of hydrogen peroxide generation but only mevalonate prevented the decrease in Co-Q10 content. Thus, independently of Co-Q10 levels, L-carnitine prevented the toxic effects of simvastatin. This suggests that mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction induced by simvastatin, is associated with increased generation of superoxide, at the levels of complexes-I and II of the respiratory chain. In all cases the damage to these complexes, presumably at the level of 4Fe-4S clusters, is prevented by L-carnitine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P G La Guardia
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abdel-Salam OM, Salem NA, El-Sayed El-Shamarka M, Al-Said Ahmed N, Seid Hussein J, El-Khyat ZA. Cannabis-induced impairment of learning and memory: effect of different nootropic drugs. EXCLI JOURNAL 2013; 12:193-214. [PMID: 26417227 PMCID: PMC4552130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa preparations are the most commonly used illicit drugs worldwide. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Cannabis sativa extract in the working memory version of the Morris water maze (MWM; Morris, 1984[43]) test and determine the effect of standard memory enhancing drugs. Cannabis sativa was given at doses of 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg (expressed as Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol) alone or co-administered with donepezil (1 mg/kg), piracetam (150 mg/ kg), vinpocetine (1.5 mg/kg) or ginkgo biloba (25 mg/kg) once daily subcutaneously (s.c.) for one month. Mice were examined three times weekly for their ability to locate a submerged platform. Mice were euthanized 30 days after starting cannabis injection when biochemical assays were carried out. Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide, glucose and brain monoamines were determined. Cannabis resulted in a significant increase in the time taken to locate the platform and enhanced the memory impairment produced by scopolamine. This effect of cannabis decreased by memory enhancing drugs with piracetam resulting in the most-shorter latency compared with the cannabis. Biochemically, cannabis altered the oxidative status of the brain with decreased MDA, increased GSH, but decreased nitric oxide and glucose. In cannabis-treated rats, the level of GSH in brain was increased after vinpocetine and donepezil and was markedly elevated after Ginkgo biloba. Piracetam restored the decrease in glucose and nitric oxide by cannabis. Cannabis caused dose-dependent increases of brain serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine. After cannabis treatment, noradrenaline is restored to its normal value by donepezil, vinpocetine or Ginkgo biloba, but increased by piracetam. The level of dopamine was significantly reduced by piracetam, vinpocetine or Ginkgo biloba. These data indicate that cannabis administration is associated with impaired memory performance which is likely to involve decreased brain glucose availability as well as alterations in brain monoamine neurotransmitter levels. Piracetam is more effective in ameliorating the cognitive impairments than other nootropics by alleviating the alterations in glucose, nitric oxide and dopamine in brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar M.E. Abdel-Salam
- Department of Toxicology and Narcotics, National Research Centre, Cairo,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Omar M.E. Abdel-Salam, Department of Toxicology and Narcotics, National Research Centre, Tahrir St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt, FAX: 202-33370931, E-mail:
| | - Neveen A. Salem
- Department of Toxicology and Narcotics, National Research Centre, Cairo
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Costa RAP, Fernandes MP, de Souza-Pinto NC, Vercesi AE. Protective effects of l-carnitine and piracetam against mitochondrial permeability transition and PC3 cell necrosis induced by simvastatin. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 701:82-6. [PMID: 23333250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative stress followed by membrane permeability transition (MPT) has been considered as a possible mechanism for statins cytotoxicity. Statins use has been associated with reduced risk of cancer incidence, especially prostate cancer. Here we investigated the pathways leading to simvastatin-induced prostate cancer cell death as well as the mechanisms of cell death protection by l-carnitine or piracetam. These compounds are known to prevent and/or protect against cell death mediated by oxidative mitochondrial damage induced by a variety of conditions, either in vivo or in vitro. The results provide evidence that simvastatin induced MPT and cell necrosis were sensitive to either l-carnitine or piracetam in a dose-dependent fashion and mediated by additive mechanisms. When combined, l-carnitine and piracetam acted at concentrations significantly lower than they act individually. These results shed new light into both the cytotoxic mechanisms of statins and the mechanisms underlying the protection against MPT and cell death by the compounds l-carnitine and piracetam.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rute A P Costa
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hosseini MJ, Shaki F, Ghazi-Khansari M, Pourahmad J. Toxicity of Arsenic (III) on Isolated Liver Mitochondria: A New Mechanistic Approach. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2013; 12:121-38. [PMID: 24250680 PMCID: PMC3813354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic exposure mainly through food and water has been shown to be associated with increased incidence of numerous cancers and non-cancer harmful health. It is also used in cancer chemotherapy and treatment of several cancer types due to its apoptogenic effects in the various cancer and normal cell lines. We have already reported that liver is the storage site and important target organ in As (III) toxicity and recently, it has been suggested that hepatic toxicity of arsenic could be resulted from impairment of the liver mitochondria. In this study, interaction of As (III) with freshly isolated rat mitochondria was investigated. We determined different mitochondrial toxicity factors as well as mitochondrial sources of ROS formation using specific substrates and inhibitors following addition of As (III) to the mitochondria. Our results showed that arsenic (III) increased mitochondrial ROS formation, lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, cytochrome c release and mitochondrial swelling in a concentration dependent manner. Addition of As (III) in to the isolated mitochondria, inhibited complexes I and II leading to disruption of mitochondrial electron transfer chain, decreased mitochondrial ATP content and ROS formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mir-Jamal Hosseini
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran. ,Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Shaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Ghazi-Khansari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jalal Pourahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Corresponding author: E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Shaki F, Hosseini MJ, Ghazi-Khansari M, Pourahmad J. Depleted uranium induces disruption of energy homeostasis and oxidative stress in isolated rat brain mitochondria. Metallomics 2013; 5:736-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00019b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
48
|
Bravo-Martínez J, Arenas I, Vivas O, Rebolledo-Antúnez S, Vázquez-García M, Larrazolo A, García DE. A novel CaV2.2 channel inhibition by piracetam in peripheral and central neurons. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2012; 237:1209-18. [PMID: 23045722 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2012.012128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
No mechanistic actions for piracetam have been documented to support its nootropic effects. Voltage-gated calcium channels have been proposed as a promising pharmacological target of nootropic drugs. In this study, we investigated the effect of piracetam on Ca(V)2.2 channels in peripheral neurons, using patch-clamp recordings from cultured superior cervical ganglion neurons. In addition, we tested if Ca(V)2.2 channel inhibition could be related with the effects of piracetam on central neurons. We found that piracetam inhibited native Ca(V)2.2 channels in superior cervical ganglion neurons in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC(50) of 3.4 μmol/L and a Hill coefficient of 1.1. GDPβS dialysis did not prevent piracetam-induced inhibition of Ca(V)2.2 channels and G-protein-coupled receptor activation by noradrenaline did not occlude the piracetam effect. Piracetam altered the biophysical characteristics of Ca(V)2.2 channel such as facilitation ratio. In hippocampal slices, piracetam and ω-conotoxin GVIA diminished the frequency of excitatory postsynaptic potentials and action potentials. Our results provide evidence of piracetam's actions on Ca(V)2.2 channels in peripheral neurons, which might explain some of its nootropic effects in central neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Bravo-Martínez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kosta P, Mehta AK, Sharma AK, Khanna N, Mediratta PK, Mundhada DR, Suke S. Effect of piracetam and vitamin E on phosphamidon-induced impairment of memory and oxidative stress in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2012; 36:48-54. [PMID: 22325038 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2011.649093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphate pesticides, such as phosphamidon (PHOS), have been shown to adversely affect memory and induce oxidative stress after both acute and chronic exposure. The present study was therefore designed to investigate the effects of piracetam (PIR) and vitamin E on PHOS-induced modulation of cognitive function and oxidative stress in rats. Cognitive function was assessed using step-down latency (SDL) on a passive avoidance apparatus and transfer latency (TL) on an elevated plus maze. Oxidative stress was assessed by examining the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nonprotein thiols (NP-SH) in isolated homogenized whole brain samples. The results showed a significant reduction in SDL and a prolongation of TL in the PHOS (1.74 mg/kg/day per oral; p.o.)-treated group at weeks 6 and 8, as compared to the control group. Administration of PIR (600 mg/kg/day p.o.) or vitamin E (125 mg/kg/day p.o.) for 2 weeks antagonized the effect of PHOS on SDL as well as TL. PHOS per se produced a significant increase in brain MDA levels and a decrease in brain NP-SH levels, whereas administration of PIR (600 mg/kg/day p.o.) or vitamin E (125 mg/kg/day p.o.) attenuated these effects. Thus, the results of the study showed that both PIR and vitamin E attenuated the cognitive dysfunction and oxidative stress induced by PHOS in the rat brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Kosta
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
A study to evaluate the effect of nootropic drug—Piracetam on DNA damage in leukocytes and macrophages. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2011; 726:66-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|