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Schneider M, Potthoff AL, Karpel-Massler G, Schuss P, Siegelin MD, Debatin KM, Duffau H, Vatter H, Herrlinger U, Westhoff MA. The Alcatraz-Strategy: a roadmap to break the connectivity barrier in malignant brain tumours. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38567664 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the discovery of functional and communicative cellular tumour networks has led to a new understanding of malignant primary brain tumours. In this review, the authors shed light on the diverse nature of cell-to-cell connections in brain tumours and propose an innovative treatment approach to address the detrimental connectivity of these networks. The proposed therapeutic outlook revolves around three main strategies: (a) supramarginal resection removing a substantial portion of the communicating tumour cell front far beyond the gadolinium-enhancing tumour mass, (b) morphological isolation at the single cell level disrupting structural cell-to-cell contacts facilitated by elongated cellular membrane protrusions known as tumour microtubes (TMs), and (c) functional isolation at the single cell level blocking TM-mediated intercellular cytosolic exchange and inhibiting neuronal excitatory input into the malignant network. We draw an analogy between the proposed therapeutic outlook and the Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary, where inmates faced an impassable sea barrier and experienced both spatial and functional isolation within individual cells. Based on current translational efforts and ongoing clinical trials, we propose the Alcatraz-Strategy as a promising framework to tackle the harmful effects of cellular brain tumour networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schneider
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
- Brain Tumour Translational Research Group, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna-Laura Potthoff
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
- Brain Tumour Translational Research Group, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Patrick Schuss
- Department of Neurosurgery, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin gGmbH, Germany
| | - Markus D Siegelin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Germany
| | - Hugues Duffau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, France
- Team "Plasticity of Central Nervous System, Stem Cells and Glial Tumors," National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), U1191 Laboratory, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, France
| | - Hartmut Vatter
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
- Brain Tumour Translational Research Group, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrich Herrlinger
- Brain Tumour Translational Research Group, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
- Division of Clinical Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Mike-Andrew Westhoff
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Germany
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2
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Mellor NG, Cheung SA, Graham ES, Day BW, Unsworth CP. UV Laser Stimulation of Ca 2+ Transients in Aggressive Glioblastoma Brain Cancer Cells . ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2023; 2023:1-4. [PMID: 38083047 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10341039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal astrocytoma being the most common highest-grade adult brain cancer. GBM tumours are highly invasive and display rapid growth to surrounding areas of the brain. Despite treatment, diagnosed patients continue to have poor prognosis with average survival time of 8 months. Calcium (Ca2+) is a main communication channel used in GBM and its understanding holds the potential to unlock new approaches to treatment. The aim of this work is to provide a first step to accurately evoking Ca2+ transients in GBM cells using single UV nanosecond laser pulses in vitro such that this communication pathway can be more reliably studied from the single-cell to the network level.
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3
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Higginbottom SL, Tomaskovic-Crook E, Crook JM. Considerations for modelling diffuse high-grade gliomas and developing clinically relevant therapies. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:507-541. [PMID: 37004686 PMCID: PMC10348989 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse high-grade gliomas contain some of the most dangerous human cancers that lack curative treatment options. The recent molecular stratification of gliomas by the World Health Organisation in 2021 is expected to improve outcomes for patients in neuro-oncology through the development of treatments targeted to specific tumour types. Despite this promise, research is hindered by the lack of preclinical modelling platforms capable of recapitulating the heterogeneity and cellular phenotypes of tumours residing in their native human brain microenvironment. The microenvironment provides cues to subsets of glioma cells that influence proliferation, survival, and gene expression, thus altering susceptibility to therapeutic intervention. As such, conventional in vitro cellular models poorly reflect the varied responses to chemotherapy and radiotherapy seen in these diverse cellular states that differ in transcriptional profile and differentiation status. In an effort to improve the relevance of traditional modelling platforms, recent attention has focused on human pluripotent stem cell-based and tissue engineering techniques, such as three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting and microfluidic devices. The proper application of these exciting new technologies with consideration of tumour heterogeneity and microenvironmental interactions holds potential to develop more applicable models and clinically relevant therapies. In doing so, we will have a better chance of translating preclinical research findings to patient populations, thereby addressing the current derisory oncology clinical trial success rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Higginbottom
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Fairy Meadow, NSW, 2519, Australia
- Arto Hardy Family Biomedical Innovation Hub, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Eva Tomaskovic-Crook
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Fairy Meadow, NSW, 2519, Australia.
- Arto Hardy Family Biomedical Innovation Hub, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Jeremy M Crook
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Fairy Meadow, NSW, 2519, Australia.
- Arto Hardy Family Biomedical Innovation Hub, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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4
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Venkataramani V, Schneider M, Giordano FA, Kuner T, Wick W, Herrlinger U, Winkler F. Disconnecting multicellular networks in brain tumours. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:481-491. [PMID: 35488036 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00475-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells can organize and communicate in functional networks. Similarly to other networks in biology and sociology, these can be highly relevant for growth and resilience. In this Perspective, we demonstrate by the example of glioblastomas and other incurable brain tumours how versatile multicellular tumour networks are formed by two classes of long intercellular membrane protrusions: tumour microtubes and tunnelling nanotubes. The resulting networks drive tumour growth and resistance to standard therapies. This raises the question of how to disconnect brain tumour networks to halt tumour growth and whether this can make established therapies more effective. Emerging principles of tumour networks, their potential relevance for tumour types outside the brain and translational implications, including clinical trials that are already based on these discoveries, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Venkataramani
- Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- National Center for Tumour Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | - Frank Anton Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Kuner
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumour Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Herrlinger
- Division of Clinical Neurooncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Frank Winkler
- Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- National Center for Tumour Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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5
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Wang X, Liang J, Sun H. The Network of Tumor Microtubes: An Improperly Reactivated Neural Cell Network With Stemness Feature for Resistance and Recurrence in Gliomas. Front Oncol 2022; 12:921975. [PMID: 35847909 PMCID: PMC9277150 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.921975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are known as an incurable brain tumor for the poor prognosis and robust recurrence. In recent years, a cellular subpopulation with tumor microtubes (TMs) was identified in brain tumors, which may provide a new angle to explain the invasion, resistance, recurrence, and heterogeneity of gliomas. Recently, it was demonstrated that the cell subpopulation also expresses neural stem cell markers and shares a lot of features with both immature neurons and cancer stem cells and may be seen as an improperly reactivated neural cell network with a stemness feature at later time points of life. TMs may also provide a new angle to understand the resistance and recurrence mechanisms of glioma stem cells. In this review, we innovatively focus on the common features between TMs and sprouting axons in morphology, formation, and function. Additionally, we summarized the recent progress in the resistance and recurrence mechanisms of gliomas with TMs and explained the incurability and heterogeneity in gliomas with TMs. Moreover, we discussed the recently discovered overlap between cancer stem cells and TM-positive glioma cells, which may contribute to the understanding of resistant glioma cell subpopulation and the exploration of the new potential therapeutic target for gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wang
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhao Liang
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Mipsagargin: The Beginning-Not the End-of Thapsigargin Prodrug-Based Cancer Therapeutics. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247469. [PMID: 34946547 PMCID: PMC8707208 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Søren Brøgger Christensen isolated and characterized the cell-penetrant sesquiterpene lactone Thapsigargin (TG) from the fruit Thapsia garganica. In the late 1980s/early 1990s, TG was supplied to multiple independent and collaborative groups. Using this TG, studies documented with a large variety of mammalian cell types that TG rapidly (i.e., within seconds to a minute) penetrates cells, resulting in an essentially irreversible binding and inhibiting (IC50~10 nM) of SERCA 2b calcium uptake pumps. If exposure to 50–100 nM TG is sustained for >24–48 h, prostate cancer cells undergo apoptotic death. TG-induced death requires changes in the cytoplasmic Ca2+, initiating a calmodulin/calcineurin/calpain-dependent signaling cascade that involves BAD-dependent opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP); this releases cytochrome C into the cytoplasm, activating caspases and nucleases. Chemically unmodified TG has no therapeutic index and is poorly water soluble. A TG analog, in which the 8-acyl groups is replaced with the 12-aminododecanoyl group, afforded 12-ADT, retaining an EC50 for killing of <100 nM. Conjugation of 12-ADT to a series of 5–8 amino acid peptides was engineered so that they are efficiently hydrolyzed by only one of a series of proteases [e.g., KLK3 (also known as Prostate Specific Antigen); KLK2 (also known as hK2); Fibroblast Activation Protein Protease (FAP); or Folh1 (also known as Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen)]. The obtained conjugates have increased water solubility for systemic delivery in the blood and prevent cell penetrance and, thus, killing until the TG-prodrug is hydrolyzed by the targeting protease in the vicinity of the cancer cells. We summarize the preclinical validation of each of these TG-prodrugs with special attention to the PSMA TG-prodrug, Mipsagargin, which is in phase II clinical testing.
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7
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Role of androgen receptor splice variant-7 (AR-V7) in prostate cancer resistance to 2nd-generation androgen receptor signaling inhibitors. Oncogene 2020; 39:6935-6949. [PMID: 32989253 PMCID: PMC7655549 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01479-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The role of truncated androgen receptor splice variant-7 (AR-V7) in prostate cancer biology is an unresolved question. Is it simply a marker of resistance to 2nd generation androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSi) like Abiraterone Acetate (Abi) and Enzalutamide (Enza) or a functional driver of lethal resistance via its ligand-independent transcriptional activity? To resolve this question, the correlation between resistance to ARSi and genetic chances and expression of full length AR (AR-FL) vs. AR-V7 were evaluated in a series of independent patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). While all PDXs lack PTEN expression, there is no consistent requirement for mutation in TP53, RB1, BRCA2, PIK3CA, or MSH2, or expression of SOX2 or ERG and ARSi-resistance. Elevated expression of AR-FL alone is sufficient for Abi- but not Enza-resistance, even if AR-FL is gain-of-function (GOF) mutated. Enza-resistance is consistently correlated with enhanced AR-V7 expression. In vitro and in vivo growth responses of Abi-/Enza-resistant LNCaP-95 cells in which CRISPR-Cas9 was used to knockout AR-FL or AR-V7 alone or in combination were evaluated. Combining these growth responses with RNAseq analysis demonstrates that both AR-FL and AR-V7 dependent transcriptional complementation are needed for Abi/Enza resistance.
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8
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Tunneling Nanotubes and Tumor Microtubes in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040857. [PMID: 32244839 PMCID: PMC7226329 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular communication among cancer cells and their microenvironment is crucial to disease progression. The mechanisms by which communication occurs between distant cells in a tumor matrix remain poorly understood. In the last two decades, experimental evidence from different groups proved the existence of thin membranous tubes that interconnect cells, named tunneling nanotubes, tumor microtubes, cytonemes or membrane bridges. These highly dynamic membrane protrusions are conduits for direct cell-to-cell communication, particularly for intercellular signaling and transport of cellular cargo over long distances. Tunneling nanotubes and tumor microtubes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of cancer. They may contribute to the resistance of tumor cells against treatments such as surgery, radio- and chemotherapy. In this review, we present the current knowledge about the structure and function of tunneling nanotubes and tumor microtubes in cancer and discuss the therapeutic potential of membrane tubes in cancer treatment.
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9
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Li X, Spelat R, Bartolini A, Cesselli D, Ius T, Skrap M, Caponnetto F, Manini I, Yang Y, Torre V. Mechanisms of malignancy in glioblastoma cells are linked to mitochondrial Ca 2 + uniporter upregulation and higher intracellular Ca 2+ levels. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs.237503. [PMID: 32051286 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.237503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most malignant brain tumours and, despite advances in treatment modalities, it remains largely incurable. Ca2+ regulation and dynamics play crucial roles in different aspects of cancer, but they have never been investigated in detail in GBM. Here, we report that spontaneous Ca2+ waves in GBM cells cause unusual intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) elevations (>1 μM), often propagating through tumour microtubes (TMs) connecting adjacent cells. This unusual [Ca2+]i elevation is not associated with the induction of cell death and is concomitant with overexpression of mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU). We show that MCU silencing decreases proliferation and alters [Ca2+]i dynamics in U87 GBM cells, while MCU overexpression increases [Ca2+]i elevation in human astrocytes (HAs). These results suggest that changes in the expression level of MCU, a protein involved in intracellular Ca2+ regulation, influences GBM cell proliferation, contributing to GBM malignancy.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Li
- Neurobiology Sector, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Renza Spelat
- Neurobiology Sector, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Anna Bartolini
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Daniela Cesselli
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.,Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Tamara Ius
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Miran Skrap
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | | | - Ivana Manini
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Yili Yang
- Joint SISSA-ISM Laboratory, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 215000 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Vincent Torre
- Neurobiology Sector, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy .,Joint SISSA-ISM Laboratory, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 215000 Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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10
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Alanazi AM, Fadda L, Alhusaini A, Ahmad R, Hasan IH, Mahmoud AM. Liposomal Resveratrol and/or Carvedilol Attenuate Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity by Modulating Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and S100A1 in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020159. [PMID: 32079097 PMCID: PMC7070570 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic and one of the important chemotherapeutic agents for different types of cancers. DOX treatment is associated with adverse effects, particularly cardiac dysfunction. This study examined the cardioprotective effects of carvedilol (CAR) and/or resveratrol (RES) and liposomal RES (LIPO-RES) against DOX-induced cardiomyopathy, pointing to their modulatory effect on oxidative stress, inflammation, S100A1 and sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase2a (SERCA2a). Rats received CAR (30 mg/kg) and/or RES (20 mg/kg) or LIPO-RES (20 mg/kg) for 6 weeks and were challenged with DOX (2 mg/kg) twice per week from week 2 to week 6. DOX-administered rats exhibited a significant increase in serum creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), troponin-I and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) along with histological alterations, reflecting cardiac cell injury. Cardiac toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 protein expression were up-regulated, and lipid peroxidation was increased in DOX-administered rats. Treatment with CAR, RES or LIPO-RES as well as their alternative combinations ameliorated all observed biochemical and histological alterations with the most potent effect exerted by CAR/LIPO-RES. All treatments increased cardiac antioxidants, and the expression of S100A1 and SERCA2a. In conclusion, the present study conferred new evidence on the protective effects of CAR and its combination with either RES or LIPO-RES on DOX-induced inflammation, oxidative stress and calcium dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (L.F.); (R.A.); (I.H.H.)
| | - Laila Fadda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (L.F.); (R.A.); (I.H.H.)
| | - Ahlam Alhusaini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (L.F.); (R.A.); (I.H.H.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Rehab Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (L.F.); (R.A.); (I.H.H.)
| | - Iman H. Hasan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (L.F.); (R.A.); (I.H.H.)
| | - Ayman M. Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (A.M.M.)
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11
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Sarco-Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Release Model Based on Changes in the Luminal Calcium Content. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1131:337-370. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12457-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Osswald M, Jung E, Wick W, Winkler F. Tunneling nanotube‐like structures in brain tumors. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Osswald
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor DiseasesUniversity Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Erik Jung
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor DiseasesUniversity Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor DiseasesUniversity Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Winkler
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor DiseasesUniversity Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
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13
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Hartl M, Schneider R. A Unique Family of Neuronal Signaling Proteins Implicated in Oncogenesis and Tumor Suppression. Front Oncol 2019; 9:289. [PMID: 31058089 PMCID: PMC6478813 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuronal proteins GAP43 (neuromodulin), MARCKS, and BASP1 are highly expressed in the growth cones of nerve cells where they are involved in signal transmission and cytoskeleton organization. Although their primary structures are unrelated, these signaling proteins share several structural properties like fatty acid modification, and the presence of cationic effector domains. GAP43, MARCKS, and BASP1 bind to cell membrane phospholipids, a process reversibly regulated by protein kinase C-phosphorylation or by binding to the calcium sensor calmodulin (CaM). GAP43, MARCKS, and BASP1 are also expressed in non-neuronal cells, where they may have important functions to manage cytoskeleton architecture, and in case of MARCKS and BASP1 to act as cofactors in transcriptional regulation. During neoplastic cell transformation, the proteins reveal differential expression in normal vs. tumor cells, and display intrinsic tumor promoting or tumor suppressive activities. Whereas GAP43 and MARCKS are oncogenic, tumor suppressive functions have been ascribed to BASP1 and in part to MARCKS depending on the cell type. Like MARCKS, the myristoylated BASP1 protein is localized both in the cytoplasm and in the cell nucleus. Nuclear BASP1 participates in gene regulation converting the Wilms tumor transcription factor WT1 from an oncoprotein into a tumor suppressor. The BASP1 gene is downregulated in many human tumor cell lines particularly in those derived from leukemias, which display elevated levels of WT1 and of the major cancer driver MYC. BASP1 specifically inhibits MYC-induced cell transformation in cultured cells. The tumor suppressive functions of BASP1 and MARCKS could be exploited to expand the spectrum of future innovative therapeutic approaches to inhibit growth and viability of susceptible human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Hartl
- Center of Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), Institute of Biochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rainer Schneider
- Center of Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), Institute of Biochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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14
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Syed M, Liermann J, Verma V, Bernhardt D, Bougatf N, Paul A, Rieken S, Debus J, Adeberg S. Survival and recurrence patterns of multifocal glioblastoma after radiation therapy. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:4229-4235. [PMID: 30323678 PMCID: PMC6177520 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s165956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose It is hypothesized that multifocal glioblastoma (mGBM) is associated with worse prognosis compared to unifocal disease (uGBM). This study aims to investigate the differences in survival rates and progression patterns of patients between these two groups after radiation therapy. Patients and methods We retrospectively analyzed 265 patients with primary GBM undergoing radiation therapy at the Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany, between 2004 and 2013. Of these, 202 (76%) were uGBMs and 63 (24%) were mGBMs. First, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) between groups were compared using the Kaplan-Meier method. Second, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was applied to discern prognostic and predictive factors with PFS and OS in the cohorts. Third, recurrence patterns of uGBMs and mGBMs were assessed on follow-up MRIs and compared using the chi-squared test. Results As compared to patients with uGBM, patients with mGBM experienced significantly worse median OS (11.5 vs 14.8 months, P=0.032). Overall, 195 (73.0%) patients experienced tumor progression: 153 (75.7%) patients with uGBM and 46 (73.0%) patients with mGBM. There were no significant differences in PFS between the respective groups (6.5 vs 6.6 months, P=0.750). Of note, concomitant temozolomide treatment was associated with an OS benefit in both uGBM and mGBM by about five months (P=0.006 and P<0.001). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in progression patterns of uGBM and mGBM. Both recurred as unifocal and multifocal disease (P=0.51), and local vs distant brain recurrences occurred similarly in both groups (OR=1.33, P=0.53). Conclusion Multifocality is an independent predictor of survival in GBM. Concomitant temozolomide treatment improved OS of patients with mGBM and uGBM. Both disease types showed similar patterns of progression. Current target volume concepts seem to be adequate in both unifocal and multifocal GBMs. GBM, the most common primary brain tumor in adults, is associated with poor survival. We show herein that multifocality is an independent prognostic factor for survival. We also illustrate that the progression patterns of both unifocal and multifocal GBM are similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Syed
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, .,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, .,Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 450, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Liermann
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, .,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, .,Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 450, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vivek Verma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Denise Bernhardt
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, .,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany,
| | - Nina Bougatf
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, .,Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 450, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela Paul
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, .,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany,
| | - Stefan Rieken
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, .,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, .,Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 450, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, .,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, .,Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 450, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany,
| | - Sebastian Adeberg
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, .,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, .,Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany,
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15
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Abdoul-Azize S, Buquet C, Li H, Picquenot JM, Vannier JP. Integration of Ca 2+ signaling regulates the breast tumor cell response to simvastatin and doxorubicin. Oncogene 2018; 37:4979-4993. [PMID: 29795329 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0329-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that the lipid-lowering agent simvastatin holds great promise as a cancer therapeutic; it inhibits the growth of multiple tumors, including triple-negative breast cancer. Doxorubicin- and simvastatin-induced cytotoxicity has been associated with the modulation of Ca2+ signaling, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here we identify how Ca2+ signaling regulates the breast tumor cell response to doxorubicin and simvastatin. These two drugs inhibit cell survival while increasing apoptosis in two human breast cancer cell lines and five primary breast tumor specimens through the modulation of Ca2+ signaling. Signal transduction and functional studies revealed that both simvastatin and doxorubicin trigger persistent cytosolic Ca2+ release, thereby stimulating the proapoptotic BIM pathway and mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, which are responsible for metabolic dysfunction and apoptosis induction. Simvastatin and doxorubicin suppress the prosurvival ERK1/2 pathway in a Ca2+-independent and Ca2+-dependent manner, respectively. In addition, reduction of the Ca2+ signal by chelation or pharmacological inhibition significantly prevents drug-mediated anticancer signaling. Unexpectedly, a scratch-wound assay indicated that these two drugs induce rapid cell migration, while inhibiting cell invasion and colony formation in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Further, the in vivo data for MDA-MB-231 xenografts demonstrate that upon chelation of Ca2+, the ability of both drugs to reduce the tumor burden was significantly reduced via caspase-3 deactivation. Our results establish a calcium-based mechanism as crucial for executing the cell death process triggered by simvastatin and doxorubicin, and suggest that combining simvastatin with doxorubicin may be an effective regimen for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souleymane Abdoul-Azize
- Unité Inserm U1234/Université de Rouen/IRIB, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Rouen Cedex, 76183, France.
| | - Catherine Buquet
- Unité Inserm U1234/Université de Rouen/IRIB, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Rouen Cedex, 76183, France
| | - Hong Li
- Unité Inserm U1234/Université de Rouen/IRIB, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Rouen Cedex, 76183, France
| | - Jean-Michel Picquenot
- Service Anatomie et Cytologie pathologiques, Centre Henri Becquerel de Lutte Contre le Cancer (CLCC) de Normandie, Rouen Cedex 1, 76038, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Vannier
- Unité Inserm U1234/Université de Rouen/IRIB, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Rouen Cedex, 76183, France
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16
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Weidle UH, Rohwedder I, Birzele F, Weiss EH, Schiller C. LST1: A multifunctional gene encoded in the MHC class III region. Immunobiology 2018; 223:699-708. [PMID: 30055863 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The LST1 gene is located in the MHC class III cluster between the MHC class I and II regions. While most genes in this cluster have been sufficiently characterised, a definitive function and expression pattern for LST1 still remains elusive. In the present review we describe its promotor, gene organisation, splice variants and expression in human tissues, cell lines and cancer. We focus on LST1 expression in inflammation and discuss known correlations with autoimmune diseases and cancer. Current data on LST1 polymorphisms and their known associations with pathologies are also discussed in detail. We summarize the potential functions that have been described for the full-length LST1 protein including its function as a transmembrane adaptor protein with inhibitory signal transduction and its role as a membrane scaffold facilitating the formation of tunnelling nanotubes. We also discuss further potential functions by compiling all known LST1-interacting proteins. Furthermore, we address knowledge gaps and conflictive issues regarding disease association, non-hematopoietic expression and the discrepancy between RNA and protein expression data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Zentrum Seniorenstudium, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Hohenstaufenstrasse 1, 80801 München, Germany
| | - Ina Rohwedder
- Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshadernerstrasse 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Fabian Birzele
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth H Weiss
- Zentrum Seniorenstudium, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Hohenstaufenstrasse 1, 80801 München, Germany; Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshadernerstrasse 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christian Schiller
- Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshadernerstrasse 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
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17
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Caragher SP, Sachdev S, Ahmed A. Radiotherapy and Glioma Stem Cells: Searching for Chinks in Cellular Armor. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2017; 3:348-357. [PMID: 29354390 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-017-0102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of the review Radiation became a pillar of oncologic treatment in the last century and provided a powerful and effective locoregional treatment of solid malignancies. After achieving some of the first cures in lymphomas and skin cancers, it assumed a key role in curative treatment of epithelioid malignancies. Despite success across a variety of histologic types, glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary brain tumor afflicting adults, remains ultimately resistant to current radiation strategies. While GBMs demonstrate an initial response, recurrence is essentially universal and fatal, and typically reoccur in the areas that received the most intense radiation. Recent Findings Glioma stem cells (GSCs), a subpopulation of tumor cells with expression profiles similar to neural stem cells and marked self-renewal capacities, have been shown to drive tumor recurrence and preclude curative radiotherapy. Recent research has shown that these cells have enhanced DNA repair capacity, elevated resistance to cytotoxic ion fluxes and escape multi-modality therapies. Summary We will analyze the current understanding of GSCs and radiation by highlighting key discoveries probing their ability to withstand radiotherapy. We then speculate on novel mechanisms by which GSC can be made sensitive to or specifically targeted by radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seamus P Caragher
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sean Sachdev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Atique Ahmed
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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18
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Mahalingam D, Wilding G, Denmeade S, Sarantopoulas J, Cosgrove D, Cetnar J, Azad N, Bruce J, Kurman M, Allgood VE, Carducci M. Mipsagargin, a novel thapsigargin-based PSMA-activated prodrug: results of a first-in-man phase I clinical trial in patients with refractory, advanced or metastatic solid tumours. Br J Cancer 2017; 114:986-94. [PMID: 27115568 PMCID: PMC4984914 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mipsagargin (G-202; (8-O-(12-aminododecanoyl)-8-O-debutanoyl thapsigargin)-Asp-γ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-GluGluOH)) is a novel thapsigargin-based targeted prodrug that is activated by PSMA-mediated cleavage of an inert masking peptide. The active moiety is an inhibitor of the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium adenosine triphosphatase (SERCA) pump protein that is necessary for cellular viability. We evaluated the safety of mipsagargin in patients with advanced solid tumours and established a recommended phase II dosing (RP2D) regimen. Methods: Patients with advanced solid tumours received mipsagargin by intravenous infusion on days 1, 2 and 3 of 28-day cycles and were allowed to continue participation in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The dosing began at 1.2 mg m−2 and was escalated using a modified Fibonacci schema to determine maximally tolerated dose (MTD) with an expansion cohort at the RP2D. Plasma was analysed for mipsagargin pharmacokinetics and response was assessed using RECIST criteria. Results: A total of 44 patients were treated at doses ranging from 1.2 to 88 mg m−2, including 28 patients in the dose escalation phase and 16 patients in an expansion cohort. One dose-limiting toxicity (DLT; Grade 3 rash) was observed in the dose escalation portion of the study. At 88 mg m−2, observations of Grade 2 infusion-related reaction (IRR, 2 patients) and Grade 2 creatinine elevation (1 patient) led to declaration of 66.8 mg m−2 as the recommended phase II dose (RP2D). Across the study, the most common treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were fatigue, rash, nausea, pyrexia and IRR. Two patients developed treatment-related Grade 3 acute renal failure that was reversible during the treatment-free portion of the cycle. To help ameliorate the IRR and creatinine elevations, a RP2D of 40 mg m−2 on day 1 and 66.8 mg m−2 on days 2 and 3 with prophylactic premedications and hydration on each day of infusion was established. Clinical response was not observed, but prolonged disease stabilisation was observed in a subset of patients. Conclusions: Mipsagargin demonstrated an acceptable tolerability and favourable pharmacokinetic profile in patients with solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mahalingam
- University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, 7979 Wurzbach Road, U639, Mail Code 8232, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - G Wilding
- University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - S Denmeade
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Sarantopoulas
- University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, 7979 Wurzbach Road, U639, Mail Code 8232, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - D Cosgrove
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bunting/Blaustein Building, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21231-1000, USA
| | - J Cetnar
- University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - N Azad
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bunting/Blaustein Building, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21231-1000, USA
| | - J Bruce
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, 7057 Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - M Kurman
- Genspera Inc., Medical Monitor, 2511 North Loop 1604 W, Suite 204, San Antonio, TX 78258, USA
| | - V E Allgood
- Genspera Inc., Medical Monitor, 2511 North Loop 1604 W, Suite 204, San Antonio, TX 78258, USA
| | - M Carducci
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bunting/Blaustein Building, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21231-1000, USA
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19
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Krisanaprakornkit S, Jotikasthira D, Dale BA. Intracellular Calcium in Signaling Human β-Defensin-2 Expression in Oral Epithelial Cells. J Dent Res 2016; 82:877-82. [PMID: 14578498 DOI: 10.1177/154405910308201106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of human β-defensins is correlated with differentiation in the oral epithelium, consistent with their function as part of the epithelial antimicrobial barrier. Because calcium is a known regulator of epithelial differentiation, we tested the hypothesis that calcium concentration mediates β-defensin expression. Gingival epithelial cells were cultured in medium containing low calcium concentration (0.03 mM), then either changed to high extracellular calcium concentrations or stimulated with thapsigargin to release intracellular calcium stores in the presence or absence of BAPTA-AM, a calcium chelator. Human β-defensin-2 (hBD-2) mRNA expression was rapidly induced by thapsigargin, and more slowly induced by high extracellular calcium. Induction of hBD-2 peptide was confirmed by immunofluorescence. BAPTA-AM inhibited hBD-2 induction by both thapsigargin and calcium in a dose-dependent fashion. In addition, BAPTA-AM inhibited hBD-2 induction by a bacterial stimulant. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that intracellular calcium is a critical mediator of hBD-2 expression. Abbreviations used in this study are: BAPTA-AM, 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetra-acetic acid tetrakis (acetoxymethyl ester); DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide; F. nucleatum, Fusobacterium nucleatum; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; HBDs, human β-defensins; HGECs, human gingival epithelial cells; MAP, mitogen-activated protein; and RT-PCR, reverse-transcriptase/polymerase chain-reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Krisanaprakornkit
- Department of Odontology-Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
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20
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Osswald M, Solecki G, Wick W, Winkler F. A malignant cellular network in gliomas: potential clinical implications. Neuro Oncol 2016; 18:479-85. [PMID: 26995789 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of distinct, ultra-long, and highly functional membrane protrusions in gliomas, particularly in astrocytomas, extends our understanding of how these tumors progress in the brain and how they resist therapies. In this article, we will focus on ideas on how to target these membrane protrusions, for which we have suggested the term "tumor microtubes" (TMs), and the malignant multicellular network they form. First, we discuss TM-specific features and their differential biological functions known so far. Second, the connection between 1p/19q codeletion and the inability to form functional TMs via certain neurodevelopmental pathways is presented; this could provide an explanation for the distinct clinical features of oligodendrogliomas. Third, the role of TMs for primary and potentially also adaptive resistance to cytotoxic therapies is highlighted. Fourth, avenues for therapeutic approaches to inhibit TM formation and/or function are discussed, with a focus on disruption (or exploitation) of network functionality. Finally, we propose ideas on how to use TMs as a biomarker in glioma patients. An increasing understanding of TMs in clinical and preclinical settings will show us whether they really are a long-sought-after Achilles' heel of treatment-resistant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Osswald
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (M.O., G.S., W.W., F.W.); Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (M.O., G.S., W.W., F.W.)
| | - Gergely Solecki
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (M.O., G.S., W.W., F.W.); Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (M.O., G.S., W.W., F.W.)
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (M.O., G.S., W.W., F.W.); Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (M.O., G.S., W.W., F.W.)
| | - Frank Winkler
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (M.O., G.S., W.W., F.W.); Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (M.O., G.S., W.W., F.W.)
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21
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Osswald M, Jung E, Sahm F, Solecki G, Venkataramani V, Blaes J, Weil S, Horstmann H, Wiestler B, Syed M, Huang L, Ratliff M, Karimian Jazi K, Kurz FT, Schmenger T, Lemke D, Gömmel M, Pauli M, Liao Y, Häring P, Pusch S, Herl V, Steinhäuser C, Krunic D, Jarahian M, Miletic H, Berghoff AS, Griesbeck O, Kalamakis G, Garaschuk O, Preusser M, Weiss S, Liu H, Heiland S, Platten M, Huber PE, Kuner T, von Deimling A, Wick W, Winkler F. Brain tumour cells interconnect to a functional and resistant network. Nature 2015; 528:93-8. [PMID: 26536111 DOI: 10.1038/nature16071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 669] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytic brain tumours, including glioblastomas, are incurable neoplasms characterized by diffusely infiltrative growth. Here we show that many tumour cells in astrocytomas extend ultra-long membrane protrusions, and use these distinct tumour microtubes as routes for brain invasion, proliferation, and to interconnect over long distances. The resulting network allows multicellular communication through microtube-associated gap junctions. When damage to the network occurred, tumour microtubes were used for repair. Moreover, the microtube-connected astrocytoma cells, but not those remaining unconnected throughout tumour progression, were protected from cell death inflicted by radiotherapy. The neuronal growth-associated protein 43 was important for microtube formation and function, and drove microtube-dependent tumour cell invasion, proliferation, interconnection, and radioresistance. Oligodendroglial brain tumours were deficient in this mechanism. In summary, astrocytomas can develop functional multicellular network structures. Disconnection of astrocytoma cells by targeting their tumour microtubes emerges as a new principle to reduce the treatment resistance of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Osswald
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Erik Jung
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, INF 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gergely Solecki
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Varun Venkataramani
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, INF 307, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas Blaes
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sophie Weil
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heinz Horstmann
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, INF 307, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Wiestler
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Mustafa Syed
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lulu Huang
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Ratliff
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Neurosurgery Clinic, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kianush Karimian Jazi
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix T Kurz
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Torsten Schmenger
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Lemke
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Gömmel
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Pauli
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yunxiang Liao
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Häring
- Department of Medical Physics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Pusch
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, INF 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Herl
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Steinhäuser
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Damir Krunic
- Light Microscopy Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mostafa Jarahian
- Department of Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hrvoje Miletic
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna S Berghoff
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Cancer Center, CNS Unit, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Griesbeck
- Tools For Bio-Imaging, Max-Planck-Institute of Neurobiology, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Georgios Kalamakis
- Institute of Physiology II, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olga Garaschuk
- Institute of Physiology II, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Cancer Center, CNS Unit, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Samuel Weiss
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada.,Clark Smith Brain Tumor Research Centre, Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Haikun Liu
- Helmholtz Young Investigator Group, Normal and Neoplastic CNS Stem Cells, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Heiland
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Platten
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter E Huber
- CCU Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kuner
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, INF 307, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, INF 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Winkler
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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22
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Damgaard D, Senolt L, Nielsen MF, Pruijn GJ, Nielsen CH. Demonstration of extracellular peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) activity in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis using a novel assay for citrullination of fibrinogen. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:498. [PMID: 25475141 PMCID: PMC4298085 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-014-0498-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Members of the peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) family catalyse the posttranslational conversion of peptidylarginine to peptidylcitrulline. Citrullination of proteins is well described in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and hypercitrullination of proteins may be related to inflammation in general. PAD activity has been demonstrated in various cell lysates, but so far not in synovial fluid. We aimed to develop an assay for detection of PAD activity, if any, in synovial fluid from RA patients. Methods An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using human fibrinogen as the immobilized substrate for citrullination and anti-citrullinated fibrinogen antibody as the detecting agent were used for measurement of PAD activity in synovial fluid samples from five RA patients. The concentrations of PAD2 and calcium were also determined. Results Approximately 150 times lower levels of recombinant human PAD2 (rhPAD2) than of rhPAD4 were required for citrullination of fibrinogen. PAD activity was detected in four of five synovial fluid samples from RA patients and correlated with PAD2 concentrations in the samples (r = 0.98, P = 0.003). The calcium requirement for half-maximal activities of PAD2 and PAD4 were found in a range from 0.35 to 1.85 mM, and synovial fluid was found to contain sufficient calcium levels for the citrullination process to occur. Conclusions We present an assay with high specificity for PAD2 activity and show that citrullination of fibrinogen can occur in cell-free synovial fluid from RA patients.
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23
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Nemeth A, Szabadfi K, Fulop B, Reglodi D, Kiss P, Farkas J, Szalontai B, Gabriel R, Hashimoto H, Tamas A. Examination of calcium-binding protein expression in the inner ear of wild-type, heterozygous and homozygous pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)-knockout mice in kanamycin-induced ototoxicity. Neurotox Res 2013; 25:57-67. [PMID: 24155155 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-013-9428-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide with diverse biological effects. It also occurs and exerts protective effects in sensory organs; however, little is known about its effects in the auditory system. Recently, we have shown that PACAP protects cochlear cells against oxidative-stress-induced apoptosis and homozygous PACAP-deficient animals show stronger expression of Ca(2+)-binding proteins in the hair cells of the inner ear, but there are no data about the consequences of the lack of endogenous PACAP in different ototoxic insults such as aminoglycoside-induced toxicity. In this study, we examined the effect of kanamycin treatment on Ca(2+)-binding protein expression in hair cells of wild-type, heterozygous and homozygous PACAP-deficient mice. We treated 5-day-old mice with kanamycin, and 2 days later, we examined the Ca(2+)-binding protein expression of the hair cells with immunohistochemistry. We found stronger expression of Ca(2+)-binding proteins in the hair cells of control heterozygous and homozygous PACAP-deficient mice compared with wild-type animals. Kanamycin induced a significant increase in Ca(2+)-binding protein expression in wild-type and heterozygous PACAP-deficient mice, but the baseline higher expression in homozygous PACAP-deficient mice did not show further changes after the treatment. Elevated endolymphatic Ca(2+) is deleterious for the cochlear function, against which the high concentration of Ca(2+)-buffers in hair cells may protect. Meanwhile, the increased immunoreactivity of Ca(2+)-binding proteins in the absence of PACAP provide further evidence for the important protective role of PACAP in ototoxicity, but further investigations are necessary to examine the exact role of endogenous PACAP in ototoxic insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nemeth
- Department of Oto-rhino-laryngology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
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24
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Denmeade SR, Mhaka AM, Rosen DM, Brennen WN, Dalrymple S, Dach I, Olesen C, Gurel B, DeMarzo AM, Wilding G, Carducci MA, Dionne CA, Møller JV, Nissen P, Christensen SB, Isaacs JT. Engineering a prostate-specific membrane antigen-activated tumor endothelial cell prodrug for cancer therapy. Sci Transl Med 2012; 4:140ra86. [PMID: 22745436 PMCID: PMC3715055 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous expression of drug target proteins within tumor sites is a major mechanism of resistance to anticancer therapies. We describe a strategy to selectively inhibit, within tumor sites, the function of a critical intracellular protein, the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium adenosine triphosphatase (SERCA) pump, whose proper function is required by all cell types for viability. To achieve targeted inhibition, we took advantage of the unique expression of the carboxypeptidase prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) by tumor endothelial cells within the microenvironment of solid tumors. We generated a prodrug, G202, consisting of a PSMA-specific peptide coupled to an analog of the potent SERCA pump inhibitor thapsigargin. G202 produced substantial tumor regression against a panel of human cancer xenografts in vivo at doses that were minimally toxic to the host. On the basis of these data, a phase 1 dose-escalation clinical trial has been initiated with G202 in patients with advanced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R. Denmeade
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Annastasiah M. Mhaka
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - D. Marc Rosen
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - W. Nathaniel Brennen
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Susan Dalrymple
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Ingrid Dach
- Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease (PUMPKIN), Danish National Research Foundation, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Claus Olesen
- Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease (PUMPKIN), Danish National Research Foundation, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bora Gurel
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Angelo M. DeMarzo
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | | | - Michael A. Carducci
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | | | - Jesper V. Møller
- Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease (PUMPKIN), Danish National Research Foundation, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Physiology and Biophysics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Poul Nissen
- Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease (PUMPKIN), Danish National Research Foundation, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S. Brøgger Christensen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John T. Isaacs
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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25
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Cho SY, Jeong EM, Lee JH, Kim HJ, Lim J, Kim CW, Shin DM, Jeon JH, Choi K, Kim IG. Doxorubicin induces the persistent activation of intracellular transglutaminase 2 that protects from cell death. Mol Cells 2012; 33:235-41. [PMID: 22382681 PMCID: PMC3887707 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-012-2201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 01/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of transglutaminase 2 (TG2), an enzyme that catalyzes post-translational modifications of proteins, has been implicated in apoptosis, cell adhesion and inflammatory responses. We previously reported that intracellular TG2 is activated under oxidative stress conditions, such as ultraviolet irradiation, ischemia-reperfusion, and hypoxia. In this study, we examined the effect of genotoxic stress on the intracellular activity of TG2 using doxorubicin which generates reactive oxygen species that lead to double-strand breakage of DNA. We demonstrated that doxorubicin elicits the persistent activation of TG2. Doxorubicin-induced TG2 activity was suppressed by treatment with caffeine at the early phase, N-acetylcysteine at the mid-phase, and EGTA at the late phase. However, treatment with a blocking antibody against TGFβ or toll-like receptor 2 showed no effect on TG2 activity, indicating that at least three different signaling pathways may be involved in the process of TG2 activation. In addition, using MEF cells defective for TG2 and cells overexpressing an activesite mutant of TG2, we revealed that doxorubicin-induced cell death is inversely correlated with TG2 activity. Our findings indicate that the persistent activation of TG2 by doxorubicin contributes to cell survival, suggesting that the mechanism-based inhibition of TG2 may be a novel strategy to prevent drug-resistance in doxorubicin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Yup Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799,
Korea
| | - Eui Man Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799,
Korea
| | - Jin-Haeng Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799,
Korea
| | - Hyo-Jun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799,
Korea
| | - Jisun Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799,
Korea
| | - Chai-Wan Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799,
Korea
| | | | | | | | - In-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799,
Korea
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26
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Greiner M, Kreutzer B, Lang S, Jung V, Cavalié A, Unteregger G, Zimmermann R, Wullich B. Sec62 protein level is crucial for the ER stress tolerance of prostate cancer. Prostate 2011; 71:1074-83. [PMID: 21557272 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that over-expression of the SEC62 gene is a widespread phenomenon in prostate cancer. Since the use of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-inducing substances such as thapsigargin in prostate cancer therapy is widely discussed in the literature, we investigated the influence of Sec62 protein content on the cellular response to these drugs. METHODS Growth effects were analyzed by real-time cell analysis and viability tests in DU145-cells representing an increased SEC62 expression or PC3- and LNCaP-cells representing a similar SEC62 expression compared to non-tumor cells. Ca(2+) -imaging in an established HeLa-system with fluorescent dye was used to study molecular effects of Sec62 depletion. RESULTS We found a lower propensity toward apoptotic cell death after thapsigargin treatment for DU145 cells compared to PC3 or LNCaP and siRNA-mediated silencing of SEC62 resulted in a reduced viability of thapsigargin-treated PC3 cells, indicating that Sec62 functions in cellular stress response. Measurement of cytosolic [Ca(2+) ] demonstrated the influence of Sec62 on the cellular response to thapsigargin on a molecular level. Using real-time cell analysis, we observed the loss of androgen stimulation of LNCaP cells in the presence of thapsigargin, and an additional negative effect on cell growth of Sec62 depletion. Also, for PC3- and DU145-cells Sec62 depletion inhibited growth after thapsigargin treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate a crucial function of Sec62 in the response to thapsigargin-induced ER stress. This will be of great significance on the background of elevated Sec62 protein levels in prostate cancer cells when treatment with thapsigargin analogs is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Greiner
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
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27
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Wang WLW, Chatterjee N, Chittur SV, Welsh J, Tenniswood MP. Effects of 1α,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 and testosterone on miRNA and mRNA expression in LNCaP cells. Mol Cancer 2011; 10:58. [PMID: 21592394 PMCID: PMC3112430 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is evidence from epidemiological and in vitro studies that the biological effects of testosterone (T) on cell cycle and survival are modulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) in prostate cancer. To investigate the cross talk between androgen- and vitamin D-mediated intracellular signaling pathways, the individual and combined effects of T and 1,25(OH)2D3 on global gene expression in LNCaP prostate cancer cells were assessed. Results Stringent statistical analysis identifies a cohort of genes that lack one or both androgen response elements (AREs) or vitamin D response elements (VDREs) in their promoters, which are nevertheless differentially regulated by both steroids (either additively or synergistically). This suggests that mechanisms in addition to VDR- and AR-mediated transcription are responsible for the modulation of gene expression. Microarray analysis shows that fifteen miRNAs are also differentially regulated by 1,25(OH)2D3 and T. Among these miR-22, miR-29ab, miR-134, miR-1207-5p and miR-371-5p are up regulated, while miR-17 and miR-20a, members of the miR-17/92 cluster are down regulated. A number of genes implicated in cell cycle progression, lipid synthesis and accumulation and calcium homeostasis are among the mRNA targets of these miRNAs. Thus, in addition to their well characterized effects on transcription, mediated by either or both cognate nuclear receptors, 1,25(OH)2D3 and T regulate the steady state mRNA levels by modulating miRNA-mediated mRNA degradation, generating attenuation feedback loops that result in global changes in mRNA and protein levels. Changes in genes involved in calcium homeostasis may have specific clinical importance since the second messenger Ca2+ is known to modulate various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, cell death and cell motility, which affects prostate cancer tumor progression and responsiveness to therapy. Conclusions These data indicate that these two hormones combine to drive a differentiated phenotype, and reinforce the idea that the age dependent decline in both hormones results in the de-differentiation of prostate tumor cells, which results in increased proliferation, motility and invasion common to aggressive tumors. These studies also reinforce the potential importance of miRNAs in prostate cancer progression and therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin W Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
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28
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Yang H, Kim TH, Lee HH, Choi KC, Hong YP, Leung PCK, Jeung EB. Expression of calbindin-D28k and its regulation by estrogen in the human endometrium during the menstrual cycle. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2011; 9:28. [PMID: 21362202 PMCID: PMC3055817 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-9-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human endometrium resists embryo implantation except during the 'window of receptivity'. A change in endometrial gene expression is required for the development of receptivity. Uterine calbindin-D28k (CaBP-28k) is involved in the regulation of endometrial receptivity by intracellular Ca2+. Currently, this protein is known to be mainly expressed in brain, kidneys, and pancreas, but potential role(s) of CaBP-28k in the human uterus during the menstrual cycle remain to be clarified. Thus, in this study we demonstrated the expression of CaBP-28k in the human endometrium in distinct menstrual phases. During the human menstrual cycle, uterine expression levels of CaBP-28k mRNA and protein increased in the proliferative phase and fluctuated in these tissues, compared with that observed in other phases. We assessed the effects of two sex-steroid hormones, 17beta-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4), on the expression of CaBP-28k in Ishikawa cells. A significant increase in the expression of CaBP-28k mRNA was observed at the concentrations of E2 (10(-9 to -7) M). In addition, spatial expression of CaBP-28k protein was detected by immunohistochemistry. CaBP-28k was abundantly localized in the cytoplasm of the luminal and glandular epithelial cells during the proliferative phases (early-, mid-, late-) and early-secretory phase of menstrual cycle. Taken together, these results indicate that CaBP-28k, a uterine calcium binding protein, is abundantly expressed in the human endometrium, suggesting that uterine expression of CaBP-28k may be involved in reproductive function during the human menstrual cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hee Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon 420-767, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Hyeog Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon 420-767, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-pyo Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter CK Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eui-Bae Jeung
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
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29
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Alix is involved in caspase 9 activation during calcium-induced apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 397:64-9. [PMID: 20471954 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The cytoplasmic protein Alix/AIP1 (ALG-2 interacting protein X) is involved in cell death through mechanisms which remain unclear but require its binding partner ALG-2 (apoptosis-linked gene-2). The latter was defined as a regulator of calcium-induced apoptosis following endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We show here that Alix is also a critical component of caspase 9 activation and apoptosis triggered by calcium. Indeed, expression of Alix dominant-negative mutants or downregulation of Alix afford significant protection against cytosolic calcium elevation following thapsigargin (Tg) treatment. The function of Alix in this paradigm requires its interaction with ALG-2. In addition, we demonstrate that caspase 9 activation is necessary for apoptosis induced by Tg and that this activation is impaired by knocking down Alix. Altogether, our findings identify, for the first time, Alix as a crucial mediator of Ca(2+) induced caspase 9 activation.
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30
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Hwang SM, Li J, Koo NY, Choi SY, Lee SJ, Oh SB, Castro R, Kim JS, Park K. Role of purinergic receptor in alpha fodrin degradation in Par C5 cells. J Dent Res 2009; 88:927-32. [PMID: 19783801 DOI: 10.1177/0022034509342227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies specific for alpha-fodrin fragments are found in the tissues of persons afflicted with Sjögren's syndrome (SS). However, the mechanism for alpha-fodrin degradation remains elusive. The following experiments utilized Par C5 cells to examine the role of P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) in apoptosis, particularly in the cleavage and release of alpha-fodrin, an apparent SS autoantigen. Five mM ATP stimulation induced apoptotic cell death with a sustained Ca2+ influx, which was mimicked in HEK cells transfected with P2X7R. ATP also induced cleavage of alpha-fodrin mediated by caspase-3 and calpain, releasing alpha-fodrin fragments through membrane blebs. However, both apoptotic cell death and alpha-fodrin cleavage were inhibited in the presence of 300 microM oxidized-ATP (ox-ATP), an irreversible blocker of P2X7R, or in Ca(2+)-free solution. We concluded that P2X7R plays an important role in apoptosis and alpha-fodrin degradation in salivary epithelial cells, providing an important clue elucidating the presence of alpha-fodrin fragments in SS tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-M Hwang
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University and Dental Research Institute, Yeongeon Dong 28, Chongno Ku, Seoul 110-749, Korea
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32
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Vander Griend DJ, Antony L, Dalrymple SL, Xu Y, Christensen SB, Denmeade SR, Isaacs JT. Amino acid containing thapsigargin analogues deplete androgen receptor protein via synthesis inhibition and induce the death of prostate cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 8:1340-9. [PMID: 19417145 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-1136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There are quantitative and/or qualitative mechanisms allowing androgen receptor (AR) growth signaling in androgen ablation refractory prostate cancer cells. Regardless of the mechanism, agents that deplete AR protein expression prevent such AR growth signaling. Thapsigargin (TG) is a highly cell-penetrant sequiterpene-lactone that once inside cells inhibits (IC(50), ∼ 10 nmol/L) critically important housekeeping SERCA 2b calcium pumps in the endoplasmic reticulum. Using a series of five genetically diverse androgen ablation refractory human prostate cancer lines (LNCaP, LAPC-4, VCaP, MDA-PCa-2b, and CWR22Rv1), TG inhibition of SERCA pumps consistently results in depletion of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(+2) coupled with μmol/L elevation in the intracellular free Ca(+2) initiating a molecular cascade that: (a) inhibits Cap-dependent AR protein synthesis resulting in 90% depletion of AR protein by 24 hours of TG exposure, (b) arrests the cells in G(0), and (c) induces their apoptotic death. Unfortunately, due to its highly lipophilic nature, TG is not deliverable as a systemic agent without host toxicity. Therefore, TG analogues containing amino acids were developed, which retain ability to deplete AR protein and induce cell death and which can be covalently linked to peptide carriers producing water soluble prodrugs for systemic delivery. Specific amino acid sequences are used to restrict the liberation of cytotoxic amino acid containing TG analogues from the peptide prodrug by prostate-specific proteases, such as prostate-specific antigen and prostate-specific membrane antigen, or cancer-specific proteases, such as fibroblast activation protein, so that toxicity of these prodrugs is selectively targeted to metastatic sites of prostate cancer. Based on these results, these prodrugs are undergoing clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald J Vander Griend
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, the Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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33
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He Q, Shi J, Jones S, An J, Liu Y, Huang Y, Sheikh MS. Smac deficiency affects endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in human colon cancer cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 1:23-28. [PMID: 20209078 DOI: 10.4255/mcpharmacol.09.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Thapsigargin (TG) is a sesquiterpen lactone that inhibits the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium ATPases to disrupt calcium homeostasis and consequently induces ER stress. We have previously reported that TG induces apoptosis by engaging the death receptor 5 (DR5) and the intrinsic pathways. Second mitochondrial-derived activator (Smac) is an important modulator of apoptosis that induces activation of caspases by antagonizing inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs). In this study, we have utilized Smac-proficient and -deficient human colon cancer cells to investigate the effects of Smac deficiency during ER-stress-induced apoptosis. Our results indicate that Smac deficiency considerably affects ER stress-induced apoptosis in human colon cancer cells. For example, ER stress inducing agent TG upregulates DR5, and activates caspases 3, 9 and 8 in Smac-proficient cells. In Smac-deficient cells, although TG-induced DR5 upregulation is not affected, activation of caspases 3, 9 and 8 is affected. Smac deficiency also affects TG-induced cytochrome c release from mitochondria into cytosol suggesting the existence of a potential cross-talk between Smac and cytochrome c. Thus, our results indicate that ER stress-induced apoptosis also engages Smac for transduction of apoptotic signals in human colon cancer cells and that a potential feedback signaling between Smac and cytochrome c appears to modulate the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin He
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
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34
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Differential protein expression during aging in ventricular myocardium of Fischer 344 x Brown Norway hybrid rats. Exp Gerontol 2008; 43:909-18. [PMID: 18682286 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2008.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2008] [Revised: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aging heart undergoes well characterized structural changes associated with functional decline, though the underlying mechanisms are not understood. The aim of this study was to determine to what extent ventricular myocardial protein expression was altered with age and which proteins underwent protein nitration. Fischer 344 x Brown Norway F1 hybrid (FBN) rats of four age groups were used, 4, 12, 24, and 34 months. Differential protein expression was determined by 2-DE and proteins were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting. Altered protein nitration with age was assessed by immunoblotting. Over 1000 protein spots per sample were detected, and 255 were found to be differentially expressed when all aged groups were compared to young rats (4 months) (p0.05). A strong positive correlation between differential protein expression and increasing age (p=0.03, R(2)=0.997) indicated a progressive, rather than abrupt, change with age. Of 46 differentially expressed proteins identified, seventeen have roles in apoptosis, ten in hypertrophy, seven in fibrosis, and three in diastolic dysfunction, aging-associated processes previously reported in both human and FBN rat heart. Protein expression alterations detected here could have beneficial effects on cardiac function; thus, our data indicate a largely adaptive change in protein expression during aging. In contrast, differential protein nitration increased abruptly, rather than progressively, at 24 months of age. Altogether, the results suggest that differential myocardial protein expression occurs in a progressive manner during aging, and that a proteomic-based approach is an effective method for the identification of potential therapeutic targets to mitigate aging-related myocardial dysfunction.
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Secondary necrosis in multicellular animals: an outcome of apoptosis with pathogenic implications. Apoptosis 2008; 13:463-82. [PMID: 18322800 PMCID: PMC7102248 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-008-0187-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2008] [Accepted: 02/14/2008] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In metazoans apoptosis is a major physiological process of cell elimination during development and in tissue homeostasis and can be involved in pathological situations. In vitro, apoptosis proceeds through an execution phase during which cell dismantling is initiated, with or without fragmentation into apoptotic bodies, but with maintenance of a near-to-intact cytoplasmic membrane, followed by a transition to a necrotic cell elimination traditionally called “secondary necrosis”. Secondary necrosis involves activation of self-hydrolytic enzymes, and swelling of the cell or of the apoptotic bodies, generalized and irreparable damage to the cytoplasmic membrane, and culminates with cell disruption. In vivo, under normal conditions, the elimination of apoptosing cells or apoptotic bodies is by removal through engulfment by scavengers prompted by the exposure of engulfment signals during the execution phase of apoptosis; if this removal fails progression to secondary necrosis ensues as in the in vitro situation. In vivo secondary necrosis occurs when massive apoptosis overwhelms the available scavenging capacity, or when the scavenger mechanism is directly impaired, and may result in leakage of the cell contents with induction of tissue injury and inflammatory and autoimmune responses. Several disorders where secondary necrosis has been implicated as a pathogenic mechanism will be reviewed.
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Ding EL, Mehta S, Fawzi WW, Giovannucci EL. Interaction of estrogen therapy with calcium and vitamin D supplementation on colorectal cancer risk: reanalysis of Women's Health Initiative randomized trial. Int J Cancer 2008; 122:1690-4. [PMID: 18092326 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although calcium and vitamin-D intake were consistently shown to be inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk in several large prospective studies and protective against adenoma and cancer in multiple randomized trials, the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) of calcium and low-dose vitamin-D supplementation trial found no overall effects on colorectal cancer. However, the previous report did not recognize an important biologic interaction with estrogen therapy. We investigated the treatment interaction of estrogen with calcium and vitamin-D on risk of colorectal cancer via a reanalysis of primary data results from the WHI calcium and vitamin-D supplementation trial (1,000 mg elemental calcium, 400 IU of vitamin-D3, or placebo), reanalyzing results from women concurrently randomized to estrogen interventions and placebo. Results indicate that concurrent estrogen therapy was a strong effect modifier of calcium and vitamin-D supplementation on colorectal cancer risk. While calcium plus vitamin-D supplementation among women concurrently assigned to estrogen therapies suggested increased risk (Hazard Ratio = 1.50, 95% CI: 0.96-2.33), among women concurrently assigned to placebos arms of the estrogen trials, calcium plus vitamin-D indicated suggestive benefits (HR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.46-1.09) (p-for-estrogen-interaction = 0.018). Consistent interaction was also found by reported estrogen use (p interaction = 0.037). Results indicate contrasting effects of calcium and vitamin-D by concurrent estrogen therapy on colorectal cancer risk. Although further clinical and mechanistic studies are warranted, the potential clinical implications of the apparent interaction of estrogen therapy with calcium and vitamin-D supplementation should be recognized. Important biological mechanisms related to the key membrane receptor megalin and estrogen-dependent protein calbindin are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Ding
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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37
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Halterman MW, De Jesus C, Rempe DA, Schor NF, Federoff HJ. Loss of c/EBP-beta activity promotes the adaptive to apoptotic switch in hypoxic cortical neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 2008; 38:125-37. [PMID: 18439838 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2008.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2007] [Revised: 01/15/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms governing the switch between hypoxia-induced adaptive and pathological transcription may reveal novel therapeutic targets for stroke. Using an in vitro hypoxia model that temporally separates these divergent responses, we found apoptotic signaling was preceded by a decline in c/EBP-beta activity and was associated with markers of ER-stress including transient eIF2alpha phosphorylation, and the delayed induction of the bZIP proteins ATF4 and CHOP-10. Pretreatment with the eIF2alpha phosphatase inhibitor salubrinal blocked the activation of caspase-3, indicating that ER-related stress responses are integral to this transition. Delivery of either full-length, or a transcriptionally inactive form of c/EBP-beta protected cultures from hypoxic challenge, in part by inducing levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. These data indicate that the pathologic response in cortical neurons induced by hypoxia involves both the loss of c/EBP-beta-mediated survival signals and activation of pro-death pathways originating from the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc W Halterman
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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38
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Pertussis toxin B-oligomer suppresses human immunodeficiency virus-1 Tat-induced neuronal apoptosis through feedback inhibition of phospholipase C-beta by protein kinase C. Neuroscience 2007; 151:525-32. [PMID: 18093742 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Revised: 10/30/2007] [Accepted: 11/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 Tat is a multifunctional protein involved in viral replication, inflammation and apoptosis. Tat activates phospholipase C-beta (PLC-beta), presumably via a pertussis toxin (PTX) sensitive G(i) protein, which is critical for neuronal apoptosis. In this study, we show that Tat-mediated intracellular Ca(2+) release in rat pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells and rat primary cortical neuronal cultures was abrogated by pretreatment with either pertussis toxin and/or its B-oligomer subunit (PTX-B), devoid of ADP ribosyltransferase activity. PTX-B pretreatment also inhibited intracellular Ca(2+) release by bradykinin and 2,4,6-trimethyl-N-(m-3-trifluoromethylphenyl) benzenesulfonamide (m-3M3FBS), a director activator of phospholipase C. Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PdBu) mimicked the PTX-B-mediated inhibition of m-3M3FBS-stimulated intracellular Ca(2+) increase, while inhibition of PKC by bisindolylmaleimide I hydrochloride (BIM) reversed the inhibitory action of PTX-B. Functionally, PTX-B reduced Tat-induced Bax and caspase-3 proteins and reduced cell apoptosis. We conclude that PTX inhibition of Tat-mediated intracellular Ca(2+) release is independent of ADP ribosylation of the G(i) protein via the A protomer, but mediated by the B-oligomer. Furthermore, PTX-B suppresses HIV-1 Tat-mediated apoptosis by reducing its activation of PLC-beta through a PKC activation pathway.
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Sánchez-Alcázar JA, Rodríguez-Hernández A, Cordero MD, Fernández-Ayala DJM, Brea-Calvo G, Garcia K, Navas P. The apoptotic microtubule network preserves plasma membrane integrity during the execution phase of apoptosis. Apoptosis 2007; 12:1195-208. [PMID: 17245640 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-006-0044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It has recently been shown that the microtubule cytoskeleton is reformed during the execution phase of apoptosis. We demonstrate that this microtubule reformation occurs in many cell types and under different apoptotic stimuli. We confirm that the apoptotic microtubule network possesses a novel organization, whose nucleation appears independent of conventional gamma-tubulin ring complex containing structures. Our analysis suggests that microtubules are closely associated with the plasma membrane, forming a cortical ring or cellular "cocoon". Concomitantly other components of the cytoskeleton, such as actin and cytokeratins disassemble. We found that colchicine-mediated disruption of apoptotic microtubule network results in enhanced plasma membrane permeability and secondary necrosis, suggesting that the reformation of a microtubule cytoskeleton plays an important role in preserving plasma membrane integrity during apoptosis. Significantly, cells induced to enter apoptosis in the presence of the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD, nevertheless form microtubule-like structures suggesting that microtubule formation is not dependent on caspase activation. In contrast we found that treatment with EGTA-AM, an intracellular calcium chelator, prevents apoptotic microtubule network formation, suggesting that intracellular calcium may play an essential role in the microtubule reformation. We propose that apoptotic microtubule network is required to maintain plasma membrane integrity during the execution phase of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Sánchez-Alcázar
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla, 41013, Spain.
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40
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Liu H, Jensen KG, Tran LM, Chen M, Zhai L, Olsen CE, Søhoel H, Denmeade SR, Isaacs JT, Christensen SB. Cytotoxic phenylpropanoids and an additional thapsigargin analogue isolated from Thapsia garganica. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2006; 67:2651-8. [PMID: 17098264 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Revised: 10/03/2006] [Accepted: 10/04/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Four phenylpropanoids and a thapsigargin analogue have been isolated from the fruits of Thapsia garganica. A spectroscopic method for elucidating the relative stereochemistry at the two pairs of stereogenic centers in the phenylpropanoids has been developed. The phenylpropanoids were found to be potent cytotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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41
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Chan SL, Liu D, Kyriazis GA, Bagsiyao P, Ouyang X, Mattson MP. Mitochondrial uncoupling protein-4 regulates calcium homeostasis and sensitivity to store depletion-induced apoptosis in neural cells. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:37391-403. [PMID: 17035241 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m605552200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An increase in the cytoplasmic-free Ca(2+) concentration mediates cellular responses to environmental signals that influence a range of processes, including gene expression, motility, secretion of hormones and neurotransmitters, changes in energy metabolism, and apoptosis. Mitochondria play important roles in cellular Ca(2+) homeostasis and signaling, but the roles of specific mitochondrial proteins in these processes are unknown. Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are a family of proteins located in the inner mitochondrial membrane that can dissociate oxidative phosphorylation from respiration, thereby promoting heat production and decreasing oxyradical production. Here we show that UCP4, a neuronal UCP, influences store-operated Ca(2+) entry, a process in which depletion of endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) stores triggers Ca(2+) influx through plasma membrane "store-operated" channels. PC12 neural cells expressing human UCP4 exhibit reduced Ca(2+) entry in response to thapsigargin-induced endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) store depletion. The elevations of cytoplasmic and intramitochondrial Ca(2+) concentrations and mitochondrial oxidative stress induced by thapsigargin were attenuated in cells expressing UCP4. The stabilization of Ca(2+) homeostasis and preservation of mitochondrial function by UCP4 was correlated with reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation, oxidative stress, and Gadd153 up-regulation and increased resistance of the cells to death. Reduced Ca(2+)-dependent cytosolic phospholipase A2 activation and oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid also contributed to the stabilization of mitochondrial function in cells expressing human UCP4. These findings demonstrate that UCP4 can regulate cellular Ca(2+) homeostasis, suggesting that UCPs may play roles in modulating Ca(2+) signaling in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sic L Chan
- Biomolecular Science Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA.
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42
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Kuang E, Wan Q, Li X, Xu H, Zou T, Qi Y. ER stress triggers apoptosis induced by Nogo-B/ASY overexpression. Exp Cell Res 2006; 312:1983-8. [PMID: 16687140 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2005] [Revised: 02/20/2006] [Accepted: 02/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Nogo-B/ASY has been characterized as a novel human apoptosis-inducing protein without any known apoptosis-related motifs. However, the validity of Nogo-B/ASY as a physiological apoptotic protein was recently questioned. In present research, we demonstrate that ASY overexpression contributes to ER stress and induces apoptosis through ER Ca2+ depletion and ER-specific pathways. ER stress and the disorder of intracellular calcium trigger the apoptosis induced by ASY overexpression. At the same time, stable transfectants overexpressing high levels of ASY are resistant to ER-stress-associated stimuli, which implies that ASY overexpression activates protective response in response to ER stress. Our results provide a direct apoptotic pathway that ASY overexpression induces apoptosis through ER stress and ER-specific signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersheng Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Section of Molecular Virology, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
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43
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Janssen S, Rosen DM, Ricklis RM, Dionne CA, Lilja H, Christensen SB, Isaacs JT, Denmeade SR. Pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and antitumor efficacy of a human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2)-activated thapsigargin prodrug. Prostate 2006; 66:358-68. [PMID: 16302271 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer cells secrete unique proteases such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) that represent targets for the activation of prodrugs as systemic treatment of metastatic prostate cancer. Previously, a combinatorial peptide library was screened to identify a highly active peptide substrate for hK2. The peptide was coupled to an analog of the potent cytotoxin thapsigargin, L12ADT, to generate an hK2-activated prodrug that was efficiently hydrolyzed by purified hK2, stable to hydrolysis in human and mouse plasma in vitro and selectively toxic to hK2 producing prostate cancer cells in vitro. METHODS In the current study, toxicology, pharmacokinetics, prodrug biodistribution, and antitumor efficacy studies were performed to evaluate the hK2-activated prodrug in vivo. RESULTS The single intravenous maximally tolerated dose of prodrug was 6 mg/kg (i.e., 3.67 micromole/kg) which produced peak serum concentration of approximately 36 microM and had a half-life of approximately 40 min. In addition, over a 24 hr period <0.5% of free L12ADT analog was observed in plasma. The prodrug demonstrated significant antitumor effect in vivo while it was being administered, but prolonged intravenous administration was not possible due to local toxicity to tail veins. Subcutaneous administration of equimolar doses produced lower plasma AUC compared to intravenous dosing but equivalent intratumoral levels of prodrug following multiple doses. CONCLUSIONS The hK2-activated prodrug was stable in vivo. The prodrug, however, was rapidly cleared and difficult to administer over prolonged dosing interval. Additional studies are underway to assess antitumor efficacy with prolonged administration of higher subcutaneous doses of prodrug. Second-generation hK2-activated thapsigargin prodrugs with increased half-lives and improved formulations are also under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Janssen
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
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44
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Kuang E, Wan Q, Li X, Xu H, Liu Q, Qi Y. ER Ca2+ depletion triggers apoptotic signals for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) overload response induced by overexpressed reticulon 3 (RTN3/HAP). J Cell Physiol 2005; 204:549-59. [PMID: 15799019 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Perturbance of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function, either by the mutant proteins not folding correctly, or by an excessive accumulation of proteins in the organelle, will lead to the unfolded protein response (UPR) or ER overload response (EOR). The signal-transducing pathways for UPR have been identified, whereas the pathway for EOR remains to be elucidated. Our previous study demonstrated that the overexpression of reticulon 3 (RTN3, also named HAP, homologue of ASY protein) caused apoptosis with the depletion of ER Ca(2+) stores. In present research, we characterized RTN3 as a novel EOR-induced protein, triggering the apoptotic signals through the release of ER Ca(2+) and the elevation of cytosolic Ca(2+). Our studies showed that overexpressed RTN3 induced EOR, eliciting ER-specific apoptosis with activation of caspase-12 and mitochondrial dysfunction through ER Ca(2+) depletion and the sustained elevation of cytosolic Ca(2+). Furthermore, we demonstrated that overexpressed RTN3 and stimuli that activate both EOR and UPR, not UPR only, were able to induce up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in HeLa cells through ER Ca(2+) release and reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs), resulting in endogenous calcium-dependent nitric oxide protecting cells against ER specific apoptosis, which suggested that the nitric oxide and iNOS represented a likely protective response to EOR, not the UPR. These results supported that the release of ER Ca(2+) stores triggered the initial signal-transducing pathways for EOR induced by overexpressed RTN3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersheng Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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45
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Chiang JJH, Truong K. Using Co-Cultures Expressing Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Based Protein Biosensors to Simultaneously Image Caspase-3 and Ca2+ Signaling. Biotechnol Lett 2005; 27:1219-27. [PMID: 16158267 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-005-0021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2005] [Revised: 06/08/2005] [Accepted: 06/11/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based protein biosensors allow the spatial and temporal imaging of signaling events in living cells. However, the simultaneous correlation of multiple events of a signaling pathway is hindered by the spectral cross-talk between fluorescent proteins. Here, we show, for signaling pathways that progress synchronously, multiple events can be correlated by using co-cultures expressing different FRET-based protein biosensors. As a demonstration, we investigated the simultaneous caspase-3 and Ca2+ signaling events involved in cell death of COS-7 cells induced by 10 mM H2O2. Interestingly, this H2O2 stimulus induced synchronous caspase-3 activation and Ca2+ signaling. In parallel to caspase-3 activation, cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]c, gradually rises to its peak and then slowly drops. As cell shrinkage and rounding ensues, [Ca2+]c again gradually rises to its peak and then reaches a plateau. These observations reveal the relative timing and location of these signaling events in cell death induced by this stimulus of H2O2. Finally, our approach offers an exciting opportunity for spatial and temporal imaging of multiple events in a signaling pathway in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Jui-Hsuan Chiang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 4 Taddle Creek Road, M5S 3G9, Ontario, Toronto, Canada
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46
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Singh P, Mhaka AM, Christensen SB, Gray JJ, Denmeade SR, Isaacs JT. Applying linear interaction energy method for rational design of noncompetitive allosteric inhibitors of the sarco- and endoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase. J Med Chem 2005; 48:3005-14. [PMID: 15828839 DOI: 10.1021/jm049319a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Noncompetitive inhibitors of sarco- and endoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase (SERCA) have important therapeutic value in the treatment of cancer, due to their ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells in a proliferation-independent manner. Thapsigargin (TG) and its analogues are one such class of inhibitors that bind to a hydrophobic pocket located in the transmembrane region of SERCA near the biomembrane surface and interfere with calcium transport. The binding free energies of thapsigargin-based inhibitors of SERCA were computed using a novel linear interaction energy (LIE) method with a surface generalized Born (SGB) continuum solvation model. A training set of 20 TG analogues was used to build a binding affinity model for estimating the free energy of binding for 18 new inhibitors with a root-mean-square (rms) error of 1.36 kcal/mol with respect to experimental data. For 15 out of the 18 inhibitors in the test set, the rms error was 1.02 kcal/mol, which is on the order of the accuracy level achieved by highly rigorous free energy of perturbation (FEP) or thermodynamic integration (TI) methods. On the basis of the analysis of the binding cavity at the interface of the membrane surface and the cytoplasmic region, we propose that side chains of TG derivatives at the O-8 position orient toward the cytoplasmic region through a hydrophobic channel. On the basis of this insight, four analogues of varying side chain length at the O-8 position with a charged moiety at the end were designed, tested with LIE methodology, and then validated experimentally for their SERCA inhibition activity. Low levels of rms error for the majority of inhibitors establish the structure-based LIE method as an efficient tool for generating more potent and specific inhibitors of SERCA by testing rationally designed lead compounds based on thapsigargin derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Singh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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47
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Pigozzi D, Tombal B, Ducret T, Vacher P, Gailly P. Role of store-dependent influx of Ca2+ and efflux of K+ in apoptosis of CHO cells. Cell Calcium 2005; 36:421-30. [PMID: 15451625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2004.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2003] [Revised: 02/20/2004] [Accepted: 04/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Agents mobilising Ca(2+) from the endoplasmic reticulum are known to activate apoptosis. Whatever means are used, the release of Ca(2+) is often followed by a store-dependent entry of Ca(2+). Whether apoptosis is triggered by the depletion of the stores or by the subsequent store-dependent entry of Ca(2+) is still a matter of controversy. Here we studied apoptosis in CHO cells transfected with the rat neurotensin (NT) receptor, in which the store-dependent entry of Ca(2+) is abolished by repressing the transient receptor potential channel 2 (TRPC2) by an antisense oligonucleotide strategy (TRPC2(-) cells) [Cell Calcium 30 (2001) 157]. When stimulated with thapsigargin (TG), apoptosis occurred in both TRPC2(+) and TRPC2(-) cells but 12h earlier in TRPC2(+) cells, suggesting that store-dependent entry of Ca(2+) can accelerate the process. The expression and localisation of caspase-12, an enzyme that has been involved in the apoptosis triggered by a stress on the endoplasmic reticulum, was not different in TRPC2(+) and TRPC2(-) cells. On the contrary, the expression of GADD153 (Growth Arrest and DNA Damage inducible gene 153) triggered by TG treatment depended on external Ca(2+) and occurred earlier in TRPC2(+) than in TRPC2(-) cells. In these cells, we also noted the presence of K(+) channels activated by Ca(2+) (K(Ca) channels). Stimulation of TRPC2(+) cells with TG or with NT triggered a long sustained K(+) current, parallel to [Ca(2+)](i) transients, and resulting in a sustained hyperpolarisation of the cell membrane. K(+) current and hyperpolarisation were transient and not sustained in TRPC2(-) cells. Inhibition of K(Ca) channels with charybdotoxin dramatically reduced the K(+) current and also significantly brought down the level of apoptosis, suggesting that a prolonged efflux of K(+) could be involved in the apoptosis process. We conclude that in CHO cells, store-dependent entry of Ca(2+) can accelerate apoptosis by accelerating the expression of GADD153 and by inducing a prolonged efflux of K(+) out of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Pigozzi
- Département de Physiologie, Université Catholique de Louvain, 55/40 av. Hipppocrate, Brussels B-1200, Belgium
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48
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Yang LJ, Jeng CJ, Kung HN, Chang CC, Wang AG, Chau GY, Don MJ, Chau YP. Tanshinone IIA isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza elicits the cell death of human endothelial cells. J Biomed Sci 2005; 12:347-61. [PMID: 15917998 DOI: 10.1007/s11373-005-0973-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2004] [Accepted: 12/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA, a major component extracted from the traditional herbal medicine, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, is known to exhibit potent cytotoxicity against various human carcinoma cells in vitro. However, the mechanism by which tanshinone IIA produces this anti-tumor effect remains unknown. Since anti-neovascularization has generally been regarded as an effective strategy for anti-cancer therapy, we decided to investigate the mechanism underlying tanshinone IIA-mediated death of human endothelial cells. In this study, we demonstrate that tanshinone IIA elicits human endothelial cell death independent of oxidative stress. These events are partially calcium-dependent and actually dependent upon NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) activity. Tanshinone IIA induces an increase in intracellular calcium, which triggers the release of cytochrome c, thus causing loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), resulting in the subsequent activation of caspases. Blocking the induction of Ca2+ perturbation with BAPTA-AM partially rescued cells from tanshinone IIA-induced cytotoxicity. Additionally, blocking NQO1 activity with dicoumoral or inhibiting caspase activities with the general caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk, prevented cell death induced by tanshinone IIA. Therefore, our results imply that tanshinone IIA-mediated cytotoxicity against human endothelial cells may occur through activation of NQO1, which induces a calcium imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction, thus stimulating caspase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jyun Yang
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 155 Li-Nung Street, Sec. 2, Shih-pai,Taipei, 112, Taiwan
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49
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Assefa Z, Bultynck G, Szlufcik K, Nadif Kasri N, Vermassen E, Goris J, Missiaen L, Callewaert G, Parys JB, De Smedt H. Caspase-3-induced Truncation of Type 1 Inositol Trisphosphate Receptor Accelerates Apoptotic Cell Death and Induces Inositol Trisphosphate-independent Calcium Release during Apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:43227-36. [PMID: 15284241 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m403872200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-deficient (IP3RKO) B-lymphocytes were used to investigate the functional relevance of type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R1) and its cleavage by caspase-3 in apoptosis. We showed that inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-deficient cells were largely resistant to apoptosis induced by both staurosporine (STS) and B-cell receptor (BCR) stimulation. Expression of either the wild-type IP3R1 or an N-terminal deletion mutant (Delta1-225) that lacks inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-induced Ca2+ release activity restored sensitivity to apoptosis and the consequent rise in free cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). Expression of caspase-3-non-cleavable mutant receptor, however, dramatically slowed down the rate of apoptosis and prevented both Ca2+ overload and secondary necrosis. Conversely, expression of the "channel-only" domain of IP3R1, a fragment of the receptor generated by caspase-3 cleavage, strongly increased the propensity of the cells to undergo apoptosis. In agreement with these observations, caspase inhibitors impeded apoptosis and the associated rise in [Ca2+]i. Both the staurosporine- and B-cell receptor-induced apoptosis and increase in [Ca2+]i could be induced in nominally Ca2+-free and serum-free culture media, suggesting that the apoptosis-related rise in [Ca2+]i was primarily because of the release from internal stores rather than of influx through the plasma membrane. Altogether, our results suggest that IP3R1 plays a pivotal role in apoptosis and that the increase in [Ca2+]i during apoptosis is mainly the consequence of IP3R1 cleavage by caspase-3. These observations also indicate that expression of a functional IP3R1 per se is not enough to generate the significant levels of cytosolic Ca2+ needed for the rapid execution of apoptosis, but a prior activation of caspase-3 and the resulting truncation of the IP3R1 are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerihun Assefa
- Afdeling Fysiologie , Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Prevarskaya N, Skryma R, Shuba Y. Ca2+ homeostasis in apoptotic resistance of prostate cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 322:1326-35. [PMID: 15336979 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ is a universal messenger regulating many physiological functions including such an important one, as the ability of the cell to undergo orderly self-destruction upon completion of its mission, called apoptosis. If this function is compromised unwanted cells may eventually take over the tissue turning it into a cancer. Ca2+ dependency of apoptosis, when its all aspects are learned and understood and key molecular players identified, may provide a good opportunity for controlling tumor growth. In the present mini-review we describe the major molecular determinants of Ca2+ homeostasis in prostate cancer cells and establish their role in the transformation to apoptosis-resistant cell phenotypes typical of advanced androgen-independent prostate cancer. We show that the hallmark of such transformation is the inhibition of apoptosis pathway associated with endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ store depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Prevarskaya
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, INSERM EPI-9938, USTL, Bat. SN3, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
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