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Feng Y, Sun Z, Fu J, Zhong F, Zhang W, Wei C, Chen A, Liu BC, He JC, Lee K. Podocyte-derived soluble RARRES1 drives kidney disease progression through direct podocyte and proximal tubular injury. Kidney Int 2024; 106:50-66. [PMID: 38697478 PMCID: PMC11193616 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor responder protein-1 (RARRES1) is a podocyte-enriched transmembrane protein whose increased expression correlates with human glomerular disease progression. RARRES1 promotes podocytopenia and glomerulosclerosis via p53-mediated podocyte apoptosis. Importantly, the cytopathic actions of RARRES1 are entirely dependent on its proteolytic cleavage into a soluble protein (sRARRES1) and subsequent podocyte uptake by endocytosis, as a cleavage mutant RARRES1 exerted no effects in vitro or in vivo. As RARRES1 expression is upregulated in human glomerular diseases, here we investigated the functional consequence of podocyte-specific overexpression of RARRES1 in mice in the experimental focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and diabetic kidney disease. We also examined the effects of long-term RARRES1 overexpression on slowly developing aging-induced kidney injury. As anticipated, the induction of podocyte overexpression of RARRES1 (Pod-RARRES1WT) significantly worsened glomerular injuries and worsened kidney function in all three models, while overexpression of RARRES1 cleavage mutant (Pod-RARRES1MT) did not. Remarkably, direct uptake of sRARRES1 was also seen in proximal tubules of injured Pod-RARRES1WT mice and associated with exacerbated tubular injuries, vacuolation, and lipid accumulation. Single-cell RNA sequence analysis of mouse kidneys demonstrated RARRES1 led to a marked deregulation of lipid metabolism in proximal tubule subsets. We further identified matrix metalloproteinase 23 (MMP23) as a highly podocyte-specific metalloproteinase and responsible for RARRES1 cleavage in disease settings, as adeno-associated virus 9-mediated knockdown of MMP23 abrogated sRARRES1 uptake in tubular cells in vivo. Thus, our study delineates a previously unrecognized mechanism by which a podocyte-derived protein directly facilitates podocyte and tubular injury in glomerular diseases and suggests that podocyte-specific functions of RARRES1 and MMP23 may be targeted to ameliorate glomerular disease progression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Feng
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York USA
| | - Zeguo Sun
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York USA
| | - Jia Fu
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York USA
| | - Fang Zhong
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York USA
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York USA
| | - Chengguo Wei
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York USA
| | - Anqun Chen
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York USA
| | - Bi-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - John C He
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York USA; Renal Section, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.
| | - Kyung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York USA.
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Kawaue H, Rojasawasthien T, Dusadeemeelap C, Matsubara T, Kokabu S, Addison WN. PI15, a novel secreted WNT-signaling antagonist, regulates chondrocyte differentiation. Connect Tissue Res 2024; 65:237-252. [PMID: 38739041 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2024.2349818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE/AIM OF STUDY During the development of the vertebrate skeleton, the progressive differentiation and maturation of chondrocytes from mesenchymal progenitors is precisely coordinated by multiple secreted factors and signaling pathways. The WNT signaling pathway has been demonstrated to play a major role in chondrogenesis. However, the identification of secreted factors that fine-tune WNT activity has remained elusive. Here, in this study, we have identified PI15 (peptidase inhibitor 15, protease Inhibitor 15, SugarCrisp), a member of the CAP (cysteine rich secretory proteins, antigen 5, and pathogenesis related 1 proteins) protein superfamily, as a novel secreted WNT antagonist dynamically upregulated during chondrocyte differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS ATDC5 cells, C3H10T1/2 micromass cultures and primary chondrocyte cells were used as in vitro models of chondrogenesis. PI15 levels were stably depleted or overexpressed by viral shRNA or expression vectors. Chondrogenesis was evaluated by qPCR gene expression analysis and Alcian blue staining. Protein interactions were determined by coimmunoprecipitation assays. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS shRNA-mediated knockdown of PI15 in ATDC5 cells, C3H10T1/2 cells or primary chondrocytes inhibits chondrogenesis, whereas the overexpression of PI15 strongly enhances chondrogenic potential. Mechanistically, PI15 binds to the LRP6 WNT co-receptor and blocks WNT-induced LRP6 phosphorylation, thus repressing WNT-induced transcriptional activity and alleviating the inhibitory effect of WNT signaling on chondrogenesis. Altogether, our findings suggest that PI15 acts as a key regulator of chondrogenesis and unveils a mechanism through which chondrocyte-derived molecules can modulate WNT activity as differentiation proceeds, thereby creating a positive feedback loop that further drives differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroka Kawaue
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Oral Functional Development, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Thira Rojasawasthien
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chirada Dusadeemeelap
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takuma Matsubara
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Kokabu
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - William N Addison
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
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3
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Gujarati NA, Chow AK, Mallipattu SK. Central role of podocytes in mediating cellular cross talk in glomerular health and disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F313-F325. [PMID: 38205544 PMCID: PMC11207540 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00328.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are highly specialized epithelial cells that surround the capillaries of the glomeruli in the kidney. Together with the glomerular endothelial cells, these postmitotic cells are responsible for regulating filtrate from the circulating blood with their organized network of interdigitating foot processes that wrap around the glomerular basement membrane. Although podocyte injury and subsequent loss is the hallmark of many glomerular diseases, recent evidence suggests that the cell-cell communication between podocytes and other glomerular and nonglomerular cells is critical for the development and progression of kidney disease. In this review, we highlight these key cellular pathways of communication and how they might be a potential target for therapy in glomerular disease. We also postulate that podocytes might serve as a central hub for communication in the kidney under basal conditions and in response to cellular stress, which may have implications for the development and progression of glomerular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehaben A Gujarati
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States
| | - Andrew K Chow
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States
| | - Sandeep K Mallipattu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States
- Renal Section, Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, United States
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4
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Shin YJ, Lee JH. Exploring the Molecular and Developmental Dynamics of Endothelial Cell Differentiation. Int J Stem Cells 2024; 17:15-29. [PMID: 37879853 PMCID: PMC10899884 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc23086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and differentiation of endothelial cells (ECs) are fundamental processes with significant implications for both health and disease. ECs, which are found in all organs and blood vessels, play a crucial role in facilitating nutrient and waste exchange and maintaining proper vessel function. Understanding the intricate signaling pathways involved in EC development holds great promise for enhancing vascularization, tissue engineering, and vascular regeneration. Hematopoietic stem cells originating from hemogenic ECs, give rise to diverse immune cell populations, and the interaction between ECs and immune cells is vital for maintaining vascular integrity and regulating immune responses. Dysregulation of vascular development pathways can lead to various diseases, including cancer, where tumor-specific ECs promote tumor growth through angiogenesis. Recent advancements in single-cell genomics and in vivo genetic labeling have shed light on EC development, plasticity, and heterogeneity, uncovering tissue-specific gene expression and crucial signaling pathways. This review explores the potential of ECs in various applications, presenting novel opportunities for advancing vascular medicine and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jung Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jung Hyun Lee
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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5
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Arunachalam V, Lea R, Hoy W, Lee S, Mott S, Savige J, Mathews JD, McMorran BJ, Nagaraj SH. Novel genetic markers for chronic kidney disease in a geographically isolated population of Indigenous Australians: Individual and multiple phenotype genome-wide association study. Genome Med 2024; 16:29. [PMID: 38347632 PMCID: PMC10860247 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01299-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is highly prevalent among Indigenous Australians, especially those in remote regions. The Tiwi population has been isolated from mainland Australia for millennia and exhibits unique genetic characteristics that distinguish them from other Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations. Notably, the rate of end-stage renal disease is up to 20 times greater in this population compared to non-Indigenous populations. Despite the identification of numerous genetic loci associated with kidney disease through GWAS, the Indigenous population such as Tiwi remains severely underrepresented and the increased prevalence of CKD in this population may be due to unique disease-causing alleles/genes. METHODS We used albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) to estimate the prevalence of kidney disease in the Tiwi population (N = 492) in comparison to the UK Biobank (UKBB) (N = 134,724) database. We then performed an exploratory factor analysis to identify correlations among 10 CKD-related phenotypes and identify new multi-phenotype factors. We subsequently conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on all single and multiple phenotype factors using mixed linear regression models, adjusted for age, sex, population stratification, and genetic relatedness between individuals. RESULTS Based on ACR, 20.3% of the population was at severely increased risk of CKD progression and showed elevated levels of ACR compared to the UKBB population independent of HbA1c. A GWAS of ACR revealed novel association loci in the genes MEG3 (chr14:100812018:T:A), RAB36 (rs11704318), and TIAM2 (rs9689640). Additionally, multiple phenotypes GWAS of ACR, eGFR, urine albumin, and serum creatinine identified a novel variant that mapped to the gene MEIS2 (chr15:37218869:A:G). Most of the identified variants were found to be either absent or rare in the UKBB population. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the Tiwi population's predisposition towards elevated ACR, and the collection of novel genetic variants associated with kidney function. These associations may prove valuable in the early diagnosis and treatment of renal disease in this underrepresented population. Additionally, further research is needed to comprehensively validate the functions of the identified variants/genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Arunachalam
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rodney Lea
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Wendy Hoy
- Centre of chronic disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Simon Lee
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Susan Mott
- Centre of chronic disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Judith Savige
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John D Mathews
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brendan J McMorran
- National Centre for Indigenous Genomics, The John Curtin of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Shivashankar H Nagaraj
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Boi R, Ebefors K, Nyström J. The role of the mesangium in glomerular function. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 239:e14045. [PMID: 37658606 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
When discussing glomerular function, one cell type is often left out, the mesangial cell (MC), probably since it is not a part of the filtration barrier per se. The MCs are instead found between the glomerular capillaries, embedded in their mesangial matrix. They are in direct contact with the endothelial cells and in close contact with the podocytes and together they form the glomerulus. The MCs can produce and react to a multitude of growth factors, cytokines, and other signaling molecules and are in the perfect position to be a central hub for crosstalk communication between the cells in the glomerulus. In certain glomerular diseases, for example, in diabetic kidney disease or IgA nephropathy, the MCs become activated resulting in mesangial expansion. The expansion is normally due to matrix expansion in combination with either proliferation or hypertrophy. With time, this expansion can lead to fibrosis and decreased glomerular function. In addition, signs of complement activation are often seen in biopsies from patients with glomerular disease affecting the mesangium. This review aims to give a better understanding of the MCs in health and disease and their role in glomerular crosstalk and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Boi
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Ebefors
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jenny Nyström
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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7
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Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells form the inner layer of blood vessels where they have a key role in the development and maintenance of the functional circulatory system and provide paracrine support to surrounding non-vascular cells. Technical advances in the past 5 years in single-cell genomics and in in vivo genetic labelling have facilitated greater insights into endothelial cell development, plasticity and heterogeneity. These advances have also contributed to a new understanding of the timing of endothelial cell subtype differentiation and its relationship to the cell cycle. Identification of novel tissue-specific gene expression patterns in endothelial cells has led to the discovery of crucial signalling pathways and new interactions with other cell types that have key roles in both tissue maintenance and disease pathology. In this Review, we describe the latest findings in vascular endothelial cell development and diversity, which are often supported by large-scale, single-cell studies, and discuss the implications of these findings for vascular medicine. In addition, we highlight how techniques such as single-cell multimodal omics, which have become increasingly sophisticated over the past 2 years, are being utilized to study normal vascular physiology as well as functional perturbations in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Trimm
- Stanford Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Biophysics Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kristy Red-Horse
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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8
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Soluble Klotho protects against glomerular injury through regulation of ER stress response. Commun Biol 2023; 6:208. [PMID: 36813870 PMCID: PMC9947099 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04563-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
αKlotho (Klotho) has well established renoprotective effects; however, the molecular pathways mediating its glomerular protection remain incompletely understood. Recent studies have reported that Klotho is expressed in podocytes and protects glomeruli through auto- and paracrine effects. Here, we examined renal expression of Klotho in detail and explored its protective effects in podocyte-specific Klotho knockout mice, and by overexpressing human Klotho in podocytes and hepatocytes. We demonstrate that Klotho is not significantly expressed in podocytes, and transgenic mice with either a targeted deletion or overexpression of Klotho in podocytes lack a glomerular phenotype and have no altered susceptibility to glomerular injury. In contrast, mice with hepatocyte-specific overexpression of Klotho have high circulating levels of soluble Klotho, and when challenged with nephrotoxic serum have less albuminuria and less severe kidney injury compared to wildtype mice. RNA-seq analysis suggests an adaptive response to increased endoplasmic reticulum stress as a putative mechanism of action. To evaluate the clinical relevance of our findings, the results were validated in patients with diabetic nephropathy, and in precision cut kidney slices from human nephrectomies. Together, our data reveal that the glomeruloprotective effects of Klotho is mediated via endocrine actions, which increases its therapeutic potential for patients with glomerular diseases.
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Drummond BE, Ercanbrack WS, Wingert RA. Modeling Podocyte Ontogeny and Podocytopathies with the Zebrafish. J Dev Biol 2023; 11:jdb11010009. [PMID: 36810461 PMCID: PMC9944608 DOI: 10.3390/jdb11010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are exquisitely fashioned kidney cells that serve an essential role in the process of blood filtration. Congenital malformation or damage to podocytes has dire consequences and initiates a cascade of pathological changes leading to renal disease states known as podocytopathies. In addition, animal models have been integral to discovering the molecular pathways that direct the development of podocytes. In this review, we explore how researchers have used the zebrafish to illuminate new insights about the processes of podocyte ontogeny, model podocytopathies, and create opportunities to discover future therapies.
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10
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Semibulk RNA-seq analysis as a convenient method for measuring gene expression statuses in a local cellular environment. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15309. [PMID: 36097044 PMCID: PMC9468030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19391-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
When biologically interpretation of the data obtained from the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis is attempted, additional information on the location of the single cells, behavior of the surrounding cells, and the microenvironment they generate, would be very important. We developed an inexpensive, high throughput application while preserving spatial organization, named “semibulk RNA-seq” (sbRNA-seq). We utilized a microfluidic device specifically designed for the experiments to encapsulate both a barcoded bead and a cell aggregate (a semibulk) into a single droplet. Using sbRNA-seq, we firstly analyzed mouse kidney specimens. In the mouse model, we could associate the pathological information with the gene expression information. We validated the results using spatial transcriptome analysis and found them highly consistent. When we applied the sbRNA-seq analysis to the human breast cancer specimens, we identified spatial interactions between a particular population of immune cells and that of cancer-associated fibroblast cells, which were not precisely represented solely by the single-cell analysis. Semibulk analysis may provide a convenient and versatile method, compared to a standard spatial transcriptome sequencing platform, to associate spatial information with transcriptome information.
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Motojima M, Tanaka M, Kume T. Foxc1 and Foxc2 are indispensable for maintenance of progenitors of nephron and stroma in the developing kidney. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:276938. [PMID: 36073617 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephron development proceeds with reciprocal interactions among three layers: nephron progenitors (NPs), ureteric buds, and stromal progenitors (SPs). We found Foxc1 and Foxc2 (Foxc1/2) expression in NPs and SPs. Systemic deletion of Foxc1/2 two days after the onset of metanephros development (E13.5) resulted in epithelialization of NPs and ectopic formation of renal vesicles. NP-specific deletion did not cause these phenotypes, indicating that Foxc1/2 in other cells (likely in SPs) contributed to the maintenance of NPs. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis revealed NP and SP subpopulations, the border between committed NPs and renewing NPs, and similarity among cortical interstitium and vascular smooth muscle type cells. Integrated analysis of the control and knockout data indicated transformation of some NPs to strange cells expressing markers of vascular endothelium, reduced numbers of self-renewing NP and SP populations, downregulation of crucial genes for kidney development such as Fgf20 and Frem1 in NPs, and Foxd1 and Sall1 in SPs. It also revealed upregulation of genes that were not usually expressed in NPs and SPs. Thus, Foxc1/2 maintains NPs and SPs by regulating the expression of multiple genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Motojima
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tanaka
- Medical Science College Office, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kume
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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How immunosuppressive drugs may directly target podocytes in glomerular diseases. Pediatr Nephrol 2022; 37:1431-1441. [PMID: 34244853 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-021-05196-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Podocytes are the direct target of immunologic injury in many immune-mediated glomerular diseases, leading to proteinuria and subsequent kidney failure. Immunosuppressive agents such as steroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and rituximab are the commonly used treatment strategies in this context for their immunotherapeutic or anti-inflammatory properties. However, in recent years, studies have demonstrated that immunosuppressive agents can have a direct effect on podocytes, introducing the concept of the non-immunologic mechanism of kidney protection by immunomodulators. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms by which these agents may directly target the podocyte independent of their systemic effects and examine their clinical significance.
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Zebrafish: A Model to Study and Understand the Diabetic Nephropathy and Other Microvascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9070312. [PMID: 35878329 PMCID: PMC9323928 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9070312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications are a worldwide public health problem, affecting people from all developed and developing countries. Hyperglycemia can cause damage to the vascular system and dysfunction of organs, such as the kidneys, heart, retina of the eyes, and nerves. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most severe micro-vascular complications, which can lead to ESRD (end-stage renal disease). Zebrafish are ideal for wide-scale analysis or screening, due to their small size, quick growth, transparent embryos, vast number of offspring, and gene similarity with humans, which combine to make zebrafish an ideal model for diabetes. The readily available tools for gene editing using morpholinos or CRISPR/Cas9, as well as chemical/drug therapy by microinjection or skin absorption, enable zebrafish diabetes mellitus models to be established in a number of ways. In this review, we emphasize the physiological and pathological processes relating to micro-vascular problems in zebrafish, as well as the many experimental zebrafish models used to research DN, and the DN-related outcomes and mechanisms observed in zebrafish. This study specifies the benefits and drawbacks and future perspective of using zebrafish as a disease model. Abstract Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complicated metabolic illness that has had a worldwide impact and placed an unsustainable load on both developed and developing countries’ health care systems. According to the International Diabetes Federation, roughly 537 million individuals had diabetes in 2021, with type 2 diabetes mellitus accounting for the majority of cases (T2DM). T2DM is a chronic illness defined by insufficient insulin production from pancreatic islet cells. T2DM generates various micro and macrovascular problems, with diabetic nephropathy (DN) being one of the most serious microvascular consequences, and which can lead to end-stage renal disease. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has set the way for its future as a disease model organism. As numerous essential developmental processes, such as glucose metabolism and reactive metabolite production pathways, have been identified in zebrafish that are comparable to those seen in humans, it is a good model for studying diabetes and its consequences. It also has many benefits over other vertebrate models, including the permeability of its embryos to small compounds, disease-driven therapeutic target selection, in vivo validation, and deconstruction of biological networks. The organism can also be utilized to investigate and understand the genetic abnormalities linked to the onset of diabetes problems. Zebrafish may be used to examine and visualize the growth, morphology, and function of organs under normal physiological and diabetic settings. The zebrafish has become one of the most useful models for studying DN, especially when combined with genetic alterations and/or mutant or transgenic fish lines. The significant advancements of CRISPR and next-generation sequencing technology for disease modelling in zebrafish, as well as developments in molecular and nano technologies, have advanced the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of several human diseases, including DN. In this review, we emphasize the physiological and pathological processes relating to microvascular problems in zebrafish, as well as the many experimental zebrafish models used to research DN, and the DN-related outcomes and mechanisms observed in zebrafish.
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Lamontagne JO, Zhang H, Zeid AM, Strittmatter K, Rocha AD, Williams T, Zhang S, Marneros AG. Transcription factors AP-2α and AP-2β regulate distinct segments of the distal nephron in the mammalian kidney. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2226. [PMID: 35468900 PMCID: PMC9038906 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29644-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors AP-2α and AP-2β have been suggested to regulate the differentiation of nephron precursor populations towards distal nephron segments. Here, we show that in the adult mammalian kidney AP-2α is found in medullary collecting ducts, whereas AP-2β is found in distal nephron segments except for medullary collecting ducts. Inactivation of AP-2α in nephron progenitor cells does not affect mammalian nephrogenesis, whereas its inactivation in collecting ducts leads to defects in medullary collecting ducts in the adult. Heterozygosity for AP-2β in nephron progenitor cells leads to progressive distal convoluted tubule abnormalities and β-catenin/mTOR hyperactivation that is associated with renal fibrosis and cysts. Complete loss of AP-2β in nephron progenitor cells caused an absence of distal convoluted tubules, renal cysts, and fibrosis with β-catenin/mTOR hyperactivation, and early postnatal death. Thus, AP-2α and AP-2β have non-redundant distinct spatiotemporal functions in separate segments of the distal nephron in the mammalian kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph O Lamontagne
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Alia M Zeid
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Karin Strittmatter
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Alicia D Rocha
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Trevor Williams
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Sheryl Zhang
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Alexander G Marneros
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
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15
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Ebefors K, Bergwall L, Nyström J. The Glomerulus According to the Mesangium. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:740527. [PMID: 35155460 PMCID: PMC8825785 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.740527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The glomerulus is the functional unit for filtration of blood and formation of primary urine. This intricate structure is composed of the endothelium with its glycocalyx facing the blood, the glomerular basement membrane and the podocytes facing the urinary space of Bowman's capsule. The mesangial cells are the central hub connecting and supporting all these structures. The components as a unit ensure a high permselectivity hindering large plasma proteins from passing into the urine while readily filtering water and small solutes. There has been a long-standing interest and discussion regarding the functional contribution of the different cellular components but the mesangial cells have been somewhat overlooked in this context. The mesangium is situated in close proximity to all other cellular components of the glomerulus and should be considered important in pathophysiological events leading to glomerular disease. This review will highlight the role of the mesangium in both glomerular function and intra-glomerular crosstalk. It also aims to explain the role of the mesangium as a central component involved in disease onset and progression as well as signaling to maintain the functions of other glomerular cells to uphold permselectivity and glomerular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Ebefors
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lovisa Bergwall
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jenny Nyström
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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16
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Betsholtz C. Toward a granular molecular-anatomic map of the blood vasculature - single-cell RNA sequencing makes the leap. Ups J Med Sci 2022; 127:9051. [PMID: 36337278 PMCID: PMC9602202 DOI: 10.48101/ujms.v127.9051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) marks the birth of a new era in physiology and medicine. Within foreseeable future, we will know exactly what genes are expressed - and at what levels - in all the different cell types and subtypes that make up our bodies. We will also learn how a particular cell state, whether it occurs during development, tissue repair, or disease, reflects precise changes in gene expression. While profoundly impacting all areas of life science, scRNAseq may lead to a particular leap in vascular biology research. Blood vessels pervade and fulfill essential functions in all organs, but the functions differ. Innumerable organ-specific vascular adaptations and specializations are required. These, in turn, are dictated by differential gene expression by the two principal cellular building blocks of blood vessels: endothelial cells and mural cells. An organotypic vasculature is essential for functions as diverse as thinking, gas exchange, urine excretion, and xenobiotic detoxification in the brain, lung, kidney, and liver, respectively. In addition to the organotypicity, vascular cells also differ along the vascular arterio-venous axis, referred to as zonation, differences that are essential for the regulation of blood pressure and flow. Moreover, gene expression-based molecular changes dictate states of cellular activity, necessary for angiogenesis, vascular permeability, and immune cell trafficking, i.e. functions necessary for development, inflammation, and repair. These different levels of cellular heterogeneity create a nearly infinite phenotypic diversity among vascular cells. In this review, I summarize and exemplify what scRNAseq has brought to the picture in just a few years and point out where it will take us.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medicine-Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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17
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Zambrano S, He L, Kano T, Sun Y, Charrin E, Lal M, Betsholtz C, Suzuki Y, Patrakka J. Molecular insights into the early stage of glomerular injury in IgA nephropathy using single-cell RNA sequencing. Kidney Int 2021; 101:752-765. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Bais AS, Cerqueira DM, Clugston A, Bodnar AJ, Ho J, Kostka D. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals differential cell cycle activity in key cell populations during nephrogenesis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22434. [PMID: 34789782 PMCID: PMC8599654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01790-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidney is a complex organ composed of more than 30 terminally differentiated cell types that all are required to perform its numerous homeostatic functions. Defects in kidney development are a significant cause of chronic kidney disease in children, which can lead to kidney failure that can only be treated by transplant or dialysis. A better understanding of molecular mechanisms that drive kidney development is important for designing strategies to enhance renal repair and regeneration. In this study, we profiled gene expression in the developing mouse kidney at embryonic day 14.5 at single-cell resolution. Consistent with previous studies, clusters with distinct transcriptional signatures clearly identify major compartments and cell types of the developing kidney. Cell cycle activity distinguishes between the "primed" and "self-renewing" sub-populations of nephron progenitors, with increased expression of the cell cycle-related genes Birc5, Cdca3, Smc2 and Smc4 in "primed" nephron progenitors. In addition, augmented expression of cell cycle related genes Birc5, Cks2, Ccnb1, Ccnd1 and Tuba1a/b was detected in immature distal tubules, suggesting cell cycle regulation may be required for early events of nephron patterning and tubular fusion between the distal nephron and collecting duct epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abha S Bais
- Department of Developmental Biology, Rangos Research Center 8117, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 530 45th St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Débora M Cerqueira
- Rangos Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Rangos Research Center 5127, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 530 45th St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Andrew Clugston
- Department of Developmental Biology, Rangos Research Center 8117, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 530 45th St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
- Rangos Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Rangos Research Center 5127, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 530 45th St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Andrew J Bodnar
- Rangos Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Rangos Research Center 5127, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 530 45th St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Jacqueline Ho
- Rangos Research Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Rangos Research Center 5127, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 530 45th St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.
| | - Dennis Kostka
- Department of Developmental Biology, Rangos Research Center 8117, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 530 45th St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology and Pittsburgh Center for Evolutionary Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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19
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Hennigs JK, Matuszcak C, Trepel M, Körbelin J. Vascular Endothelial Cells: Heterogeneity and Targeting Approaches. Cells 2021; 10:2712. [PMID: 34685692 PMCID: PMC8534745 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Forming the inner layer of the vascular system, endothelial cells (ECs) facilitate a multitude of crucial physiological processes throughout the body. Vascular ECs enable the vessel wall passage of nutrients and diffusion of oxygen from the blood into adjacent cellular structures. ECs regulate vascular tone and blood coagulation as well as adhesion and transmigration of circulating cells. The multitude of EC functions is reflected by tremendous cellular diversity. Vascular ECs can form extremely tight barriers, thereby restricting the passage of xenobiotics or immune cell invasion, whereas, in other organ systems, the endothelial layer is fenestrated (e.g., glomeruli in the kidney), or discontinuous (e.g., liver sinusoids) and less dense to allow for rapid molecular exchange. ECs not only differ between organs or vascular systems, they also change along the vascular tree and specialized subpopulations of ECs can be found within the capillaries of a single organ. Molecular tools that enable selective vascular targeting are helpful to experimentally dissect the role of distinct EC populations, to improve molecular imaging and pave the way for novel treatment options for vascular diseases. This review provides an overview of endothelial diversity and highlights the most successful methods for selective targeting of distinct EC subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan K. Hennigs
- ENDomics Lab, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Christiane Matuszcak
- ENDomics Lab, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Martin Trepel
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany;
| | - Jakob Körbelin
- ENDomics Lab, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
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20
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Möller-Hackbarth K, Dabaghie D, Charrin E, Zambrano S, Genové G, Li X, Wernerson A, Lal M, Patrakka J. Retinoic acid receptor responder1 promotes development of glomerular diseases via the Nuclear Factor-κB signaling pathway. Kidney Int 2021; 100:809-823. [PMID: 34147551 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory pathways are activated in most glomerular diseases but molecular mechanisms driving them in kidney tissue are poorly known. We identified retinoic acid receptor responder 1 (Rarres1) as a highly podocyte-enriched protein in healthy kidneys. Studies in podocyte-specific knockout animals indicated that Rarres1 was not needed for the normal development or maintenance of the glomerulus filtration barrier and did not modulate the outcome of kidney disease in a model of glomerulonephritis. Interestingly, we detected an induction of Rarres1 expression in glomerular and peritubular capillary endothelial cells in IgA and diabetic kidney disease, as well as in ANCA-associated vasculitis. Analysis of publicly available RNA data sets showed that the induction of Rarres1 expression was a common molecular mechanism in chronic kidney diseases. A conditional knock-in mouse line, overexpressing Rarres1 specifically in endothelial cells, did not show any obvious kidney phenotype. However, the overexpression promoted the progression of kidney damage in a model of glomerulonephritis. In line with this, conditional knock-out mice, lacking Rarres1 in endothelial cells, were partially protected in the disease model. Mechanistically, Rarres1 promoted inflammation and fibrosis via transcription factor Nuclear Factor-κB signaling pathway by activating receptor tyrosine kinase Axl. Thus, induction of Rarres1 expression in endothelial cells is a prevalent molecular mechanism in human glomerulopathies and this seems to have a pathogenic role in driving inflammation and fibrosis via the Nuclear Factor-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Möller-Hackbarth
- KI/AZ Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dina Dabaghie
- KI/AZ Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emmanuelle Charrin
- KI/AZ Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonia Zambrano
- KI/AZ Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guillem Genové
- KI/AZ Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine Huddinge, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xidan Li
- KI/AZ Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine Huddinge, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annika Wernerson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Renal Medicine, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark Lal
- Bioscience Renal, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), R&D Biopharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jaakko Patrakka
- KI/AZ Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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21
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Yang J, Zhang D, Motojima M, Kume T, Hou Q, Pan Y, Duan A, Zhang M, Jiang S, Hou J, Shi J, Qin Z, Liu Z. Super-Enhancer-Associated Transcription Factors Maintain Transcriptional Regulation in Mature Podocytes. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:1323-1337. [PMID: 33771836 PMCID: PMC8259645 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020081177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcriptional programs control cell fate, and identifying their components is critical for understanding diseases caused by cell lesion, such as podocytopathy. Although many transcription factors (TFs) are necessary for cell-state maintenance in glomeruli, their roles in transcriptional regulation are not well understood. METHODS The distribution of H3K27ac histones in human glomerulus cells was analyzed to identify superenhancer-associated TFs, and ChIP-seq and transcriptomics were performed to elucidate the regulatory roles of the TFs. Transgenic animal models of disease were further investigated to confirm the roles of specific TFs in podocyte maintenance. RESULTS Superenhancer distribution revealed a group of potential TFs in core regulatory circuits in human glomerulus cells, including FOXC1/2, WT1, and LMX1B. Integration of transcriptome and cistrome data of FOXC1/2 in mice resolved transcriptional regulation in podocyte maintenance. FOXC1/2 regulated differentiation-associated transcription in mature podocytes. In both humans and animal models, mature podocyte injury was accompanied by deregulation of FOXC1/2 expression, and FOXC1/2 overexpression could protect podocytes in zebrafish. CONCLUSIONS FOXC1/2 maintain podocyte differentiation through transcriptional stabilization. The genome-wide chromatin resources support further investigation of TFs' regulatory roles in glomeruli transcription programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingping Yang
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Difei Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Masaru Motojima
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kume
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Qing Hou
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Pan
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aiping Duan
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingchao Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Song Jiang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhua Hou
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingsong Shi
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaohui Qin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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22
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Xu C, Li Y. Effects of miR-151-3p-mediated GLCCl1 expression on biological function in children with nephrotic syndrome. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:1772-1778. [PMID: 33841701 PMCID: PMC8014414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to confirm the association of miR-151-3p with nephrotic syndrome (NS) in children and to explore the molecular mechanisms by which glucocorticoid-induced transcript 1 gene (GLCCI1) targets cellular biological functions in children with nephrotic syndrome. METHODS miR-151-3p levels were detected in 20 children with hormone-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS), 15 children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS) and 20 children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), using qRT-PCR before and after glucocorticoid treatment, and TargetScan information software was used to predict the biological targets between miR-151-3p and GLCCI1 gene. The change in albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) before and after treatment in children with NS was determined to judge the treatment efficacy. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, pediatric patients with NS had significantly increased serum miR-151-3p levels before treatment (P<0.01). After glucocorticoid treatment, children with SSNS/SDNS had significantly decreased serum miR-151-3p levels (P<0.01), with no significant difference from healthy controls. The ACR of children with SSNS/SDNS was significantly lower than that before treatment (P<0.05), and the symptoms of proteinuria were significantly relieved. The serum miR-151-3p levels and ACR of children with SRNS did not change significantly from that before treatment (P>0.05), and the symptoms of proteinuria were also not improved. Targetscan prediction results showed that miR-151-3p has well-matched sites with GLCCI13'UTR. CONCLUSION miR-151-3p directly influences the onset and progression of NS through targeted regulation of GLCCI1 expression in podocytes. miR-151-3p may be a biological marker for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Wuwei People’s HospitalWuwei 733000, Gansu, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Wuwei Liangzhou HospitalWuwei 733000, Gansu, China
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23
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A novel podocyte protein, R3h domain containing-like, inhibits TGF-β-induced p38 MAPK and regulates the structure of podocytes and glomerular basement membrane. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:859-876. [PMID: 33620517 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02050-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Not only in kidney glomerular physiological function but also glomerular pathology especially in diabetic condition, glomerular podocytes play pivotal roles. Therefore, it is important to increase our knowledge about the genes and proteins expressed in podocytes. Recently, we have identified a novel podocyte-expressed gene, R3h domain containing-like (R3hdml) and analyzed its function in vivo as well as in vitro. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling regulated the expression of R3hdml. And R3hdml inhibited p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, which was induced by TGF-β, leading to the amelioration of podocyte apoptosis. Furthermore, a lack of R3hdml in mice significantly worsened glomerular function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes, while overexpression of R3hdml ameliorated albuminuria in STZ-induced diabetes. Our results surmise that the functional analyses of R3hdml may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for diabetic nephropathy in the future. KEY MESSAGES: • A novel podocyte expressed protein R3h domain containing-like was identified. • R3HDML inhibits podocyte apoptosis by inhibiting TGF-β-mediated p38 MAPK signaling. • Overexpression of R3HDML ameliorates albuminuria in STZ-induced diabetes mice. • R3HDML may prove to be a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetic nephropathy.
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24
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Gaikwad AS, Hu J, Chapple DG, O'Bryan MK. The functions of CAP superfamily proteins in mammalian fertility and disease. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 26:689-723. [PMID: 32378701 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Members of the cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPS), antigen 5 (Ag5) and pathogenesis-related 1 (Pr-1) (CAP) superfamily of proteins are found across the bacterial, fungal, plant and animal kingdoms. Although many CAP superfamily proteins remain poorly characterized, over the past decade evidence has accumulated, which provides insights into the functional roles of these proteins in various processes, including fertilization, immune defence and subversion, pathogen virulence, venom toxicology and cancer biology. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The aim of this article is to summarize the current state of knowledge on CAP superfamily proteins in mammalian fertility, organismal homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. SEARCH METHODS The scientific literature search was undertaken via PubMed database on all articles published prior to November 2019. Search terms were based on following keywords: 'CAP superfamily', 'CRISP', 'Cysteine-rich secretory proteins', 'Antigen 5', 'Pathogenesis-related 1', 'male fertility', 'CAP and CTL domain containing', 'CRISPLD1', 'CRISPLD2', 'bacterial SCP', 'ion channel regulator', 'CatSper', 'PI15', 'PI16', 'CLEC', 'PRY proteins', 'ASP proteins', 'spermatogenesis', 'epididymal maturation', 'capacitation' and 'snake CRISP'. In addition to that, reference lists of primary and review article were reviewed for additional relevant publications. OUTCOMES In this review, we discuss the breadth of knowledge on CAP superfamily proteins with regards to their protein structure, biological functions and emerging significance in reproduction, health and disease. We discuss the evolution of CAP superfamily proteins from their otherwise unembellished prokaryotic predecessors into the multi-domain and neofunctionalized members found in eukaryotic organisms today. At least in part because of the rapid evolution of these proteins, many inconsistencies in nomenclature exist within the literature. As such, and in part through the use of a maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis of the vertebrate CRISP subfamily, we have attempted to clarify this confusion, thus allowing for a comparison of orthologous protein function between species. This framework also allows the prediction of functional relevance between species based on sequence and structural conservation. WIDER IMPLICATIONS This review generates a picture of critical roles for CAP proteins in ion channel regulation, sterol and lipid binding and protease inhibition, and as ligands involved in the induction of multiple cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash S Gaikwad
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Jinghua Hu
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - David G Chapple
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Moira K O'Bryan
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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25
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Zwart P, Kuiken T, Veldhuis Kroeze EJ, Knotek S, Divers SJ. Nephromegaly due to Disruption of Nephrons in the Green Iguana (Iguana iguana). J Comp Pathol 2020; 181:1-6. [PMID: 33288144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We describe a fatal kidney disease in green iguanas (Iguana iguana), associated with severe nephromegaly. Affected animals have enlarged kidneys, which fill the pelvic cavity, leading to compression of adjacent organs, obstipation and, ultimately, death. The pathological features of this disease have been poorly described and its aetiology is unknown. We performed detailed gross and histological analyses of 17 green iguanas with a clinical diagnosis of nephromegaly, and compared the results with those of eight healthy controls. Grossly, the kidneys of all 17 individuals were markedly enlarged and the distal colons were distended and overfilled with faecal contents. Histopathological examination revealed that these enlarged kidneys consisted mainly of tubular hyperplasia, resembling poorly developed proximal segments. The nephrogenic zones were either poorly developed or absent. There was a reduction in the density of glomeruli and the distal segments were reduced in number. There was no histological evidence of an aetiology for the nephron disruption and nephromegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peernel Zwart
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Thijs Kuiken
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Sid Knotek
- Avian and Exotic Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Steve J Divers
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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26
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de Carvalho Ribeiro P, Oliveira LF, Filho MA, Caldas HC. Differentiating Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Renal Cells: A New Approach to Treat Kidney Diseases. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8894590. [PMID: 32831854 PMCID: PMC7428838 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8894590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal disease is a major issue for global public health. Despite some progress in supportive care, the mortality rates among patients with this condition remain alarmingly high. Studies in pursuit of innovative strategies to treat renal diseases, especially stimulating kidney regeneration, have been developed. In this field, stem cell-based therapy has been a promising area. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived renal cells (iPSC-RCs) represent an interesting source of cells for treating kidney diseases. Advances in regenerative medicine using iPSC-RCs and their application to the kidney are discussed in this review. Furthermore, the way differentiation protocols of induced pluripotent stem cells into renal cells may also be applied for the generation of kidney organoids is also described, contributing to studies in renal development, kidney diseases, and drug toxicity tests. The translation of the differentiation methodologies into animal model studies and the safety and feasibility of renal differentiated cells as a treatment for kidney injury are also highlighted. Although only few studies were published in this field, the results seem promising and support the use of iPSC-RCs as a potential therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia de Carvalho Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Immunology and Experimental Transplantation-LITEX, Medical School of Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Felipe Oliveira
- Physiology Division, Natural and Biological Sciences Institute, Triangulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mario Abbud Filho
- Laboratory of Immunology and Experimental Transplantation-LITEX, Medical School of Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Kidney Transplant Unit, Hospital de Base, FAMERP/FUNFARME, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Urology and Nephrology Institute, Sao Jose Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Cristina Caldas
- Laboratory of Immunology and Experimental Transplantation-LITEX, Medical School of Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Kidney Transplant Unit, Hospital de Base, FAMERP/FUNFARME, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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27
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AP-2β/KCTD1 Control Distal Nephron Differentiation and Protect against Renal Fibrosis. Dev Cell 2020; 54:348-366.e5. [PMID: 32553120 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The developmental mechanisms that orchestrate differentiation of specific nephron segments are incompletely understood, and the factors that maintain their terminal differentiation after nephrogenesis remain largely unknown. Here, the transcription factor AP-2β is shown to be required for the differentiation of distal tubule precursors into early stage distal convoluted tubules (DCTs) during nephrogenesis. In contrast, its downstream target KCTD1 is essential for terminal differentiation of early stage DCTs into mature DCTs, and impairment of their terminal differentiation owing to lack of KCTD1 leads to a severe salt-losing tubulopathy. Moreover, sustained KCTD1 activity in the adult maintains mature DCTs in this terminally differentiated state and prevents renal fibrosis by repressing β-catenin activity, whereas KCTD1 deficiency leads to severe renal fibrosis. Thus, the AP-2β/KCTD1 axis links a developmental pathway in the nephron to the induction and maintenance of terminal differentiation of DCTs that actively prevents their de-differentiation in the adult and protects against renal fibrosis.
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28
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Christofides A, Papagregoriou G, Dweep H, Makrides N, Gretz N, Felekkis K, Deltas C. Evidence for miR-548c-5p regulation of FOXC2 transcription through a distal genomic target site in human podocytes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2441-2459. [PMID: 31531679 PMCID: PMC11105105 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03294-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Podocytes are highly differentiated epithelial cells outlining the glomerular vessels. FOXC2 is a transcription factor essential for inducing podocyte differentiation, development and maturation, and is considered to be the earliest podocyte marker. miRNA prediction analysis revealed a full-length target site for the primate-specific miR-548c-5p at a genomic region > 8 kb upstream of FOXC2. We hypothesised that the transcription rates of FOXC2 during podocyte differentiation might be tuned by miR-548c-5p through this target site. Experiments were performed with cultured human podocytes, transfected with luciferase reporter constructs bearing this target site region within an enhancer element of the native plasmid. The results confirmed a seed region-driven targeting potential by the miRNA, with mimics downregulating and inhibitors enhancing luciferase activity. Introducing mutations into the miRNA target seed region abolished the expected response. In cultured podocytes, FOXC2 mRNA and protein levels responded to miR-548c-5p abundance in a coordinated manner before and after induction of differentiation, with high statistical significance. Ago-ChIP experiments revealed occupancy of the miRNA target site by miRNA/RISC in undifferentiated cells and its release when differentiation is initiated, allowing its interaction with the gene's promoter region to amplify FOXC2 expression, as shown by chromosome conformation capture and qRT-PCR. Moreover, the expression pattern of FOXC2 during podocyte differentiation seems to be affected by miR-548c-5p, as removal of either endogenous or mimic miR-548c-5p results in increased FOXC2 protein levels and cells resembling those undergoing differentiation. Collectively, results indicate a well-orchestrated regulatory model of FOXC2 expression by a remote upstream target site for miR-548c-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Christofides
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Gregory Papagregoriou
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Harsh Dweep
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Neoklis Makrides
- Developmental and Functional Genetics Group, Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kyriacos Felekkis
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Constantinos Deltas
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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29
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Bork T, Liang W, Yamahara K, Lee P, Tian Z, Liu S, Schell C, Thedieck K, Hartleben B, Patel K, Tharaux PL, Lenoir O, Huber TB. Podocytes maintain high basal levels of autophagy independent of mtor signaling. Autophagy 2019; 16:1932-1948. [PMID: 31865844 PMCID: PMC7595647 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1705007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While constant basal levels of macroautophagy/autophagy are a prerequisite to preserve long-lived podocytes at the filtration barrier, MTOR regulates at the same time podocyte size and compensatory hypertrophy. Since MTOR is known to generally suppress autophagy, the apparently independent regulation of these two key pathways of glomerular maintenance remained puzzling. We now report that long-term genetic manipulation of MTOR activity does in fact not influence high basal levels of autophagy in podocytes either in vitro or in vivo. Instead we present data showing that autophagy in podocytes is mainly controlled by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and ULK1 (unc-51 like kinase 1). Pharmacological inhibition of MTOR further shows that the uncoupling of MTOR activity and autophagy is time dependent. Together, our data reveal a novel and unexpected cell-specific mechanism, which permits concurrent MTOR activity as well as high basal autophagy rates in podocytes. Thus, these data indicate manipulation of the AMPK-ULK1 axis rather than inhibition of MTOR as a promising therapeutic intervention to enhance autophagy and preserve podocyte homeostasis in glomerular diseases. Abbreviations: AICAR: 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG: autophagy related; BW: body weight; Cq: chloroquine; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ESRD: end stage renal disease; FACS: fluorescence activated cell sorting; GFP: green fluorescent protein; i.p.: intra peritoneal; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NPHS1: nephrosis 1, nephrin; NPHS2: nephrosis 2, podocin; PLA: proximity-ligation assay; PRKAA: 5ʹ-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha; RPTOR/RAPTOR: regulatory associated protein of MTOR, complex 1; RFP: red fluorescent protein; TSC1: tuberous sclerosis 1; ULK1: unc-51 like kinase 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Tillmann Bork
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wei Liang
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, China
| | - Kosuke Yamahara
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu, Japan
| | - Philipp Lee
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zhejia Tian
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany
| | - Shuya Liu
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schell
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany.,Berta-Ottenstein Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Thedieck
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG) , Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg , Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Bjoern Hartleben
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover, Germany
| | - Ketan Patel
- School of Biological Science, University of Reading , Reading, UK.,FFRIAS, Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University , Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pierre-Louis Tharaux
- PARCC, INSERM, Université de Paris , Paris, France.,Nephrology Division, Georges Pompidou European Hospital , Paris, France
| | | | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany
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30
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Wang P, Chen Y, Yong J, Cui Y, Wang R, Wen L, Qiao J, Tang F. Dissecting the Global Dynamic Molecular Profiles of Human Fetal Kidney Development by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Cell Rep 2019; 24:3554-3567.e3. [PMID: 30257215 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy renal function depends on normal nephrogenesis during embryonic development. However, a comprehensive gene expression profile of human fetal kidney development remains largely unexplored. Here, using a single-cell RNA-sequencing technique, we analyzed >3,000 human fetal renal cells spanning 4 months of development in utero. Unsupervised analysis identified two progenitor subtypes during cap mesenchyme development, suggesting a mechanism for sustaining their progenitor states. Furthermore, we identified critical transcriptional regulators and signaling pathways involved in the segmentation of nephron tubules. We explored the development of the highly heterogeneous collecting duct epithelia and dissected the metabolic gene repertoire and the extracellular matrix composition of the glomerular mesangium. The results provide insights on the molecular basis and regulatory events in human renal development. Moreover, the cell-type-specific expression features of causal genes in congenital renal diseases may be helpful in the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Biomedical Institute for Pioneering Investigation via Convergence, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yidong Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Yong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yueli Cui
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Biomedical Institute for Pioneering Investigation via Convergence, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Biomedical Institute for Pioneering Investigation via Convergence, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lu Wen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Biomedical Institute for Pioneering Investigation via Convergence, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Fuchou Tang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Biomedical Institute for Pioneering Investigation via Convergence, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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31
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Dumas SJ, Meta E, Borri M, Goveia J, Rohlenova K, Conchinha NV, Falkenberg K, Teuwen LA, de Rooij L, Kalucka J, Chen R, Khan S, Taverna F, Lu W, Parys M, De Legher C, Vinckier S, Karakach TK, Schoonjans L, Lin L, Bolund L, Dewerchin M, Eelen G, Rabelink TJ, Li X, Luo Y, Carmeliet P. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Renal Endothelium Heterogeneity and Metabolic Adaptation to Water Deprivation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 31:118-138. [PMID: 31818909 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019080832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal endothelial cells from glomerular, cortical, and medullary kidney compartments are exposed to different microenvironmental conditions and support specific kidney processes. However, the heterogeneous phenotypes of these cells remain incompletely inventoried. Osmotic homeostasis is vitally important for regulating cell volume and function, and in mammals, osmotic equilibrium is regulated through the countercurrent system in the renal medulla, where water exchange through endothelium occurs against an osmotic pressure gradient. Dehydration exposes medullary renal endothelial cells to extreme hyperosmolarity, and how these cells adapt to and survive in this hypertonic milieu is unknown. METHODS We inventoried renal endothelial cell heterogeneity by single-cell RNA sequencing >40,000 mouse renal endothelial cells, and studied transcriptome changes during osmotic adaptation upon water deprivation. We validated our findings by immunostaining and functionally by targeting oxidative phosphorylation in a hyperosmolarity model in vitro and in dehydrated mice in vivo. RESULTS We identified 24 renal endothelial cell phenotypes (of which eight were novel), highlighting extensive heterogeneity of these cells between and within the cortex, glomeruli, and medulla. In response to dehydration and hypertonicity, medullary renal endothelial cells upregulated the expression of genes involved in the hypoxia response, glycolysis, and-surprisingly-oxidative phosphorylation. Endothelial cells increased oxygen consumption when exposed to hyperosmolarity, whereas blocking oxidative phosphorylation compromised endothelial cell viability during hyperosmotic stress and impaired urine concentration during dehydration. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a high-resolution atlas of the renal endothelium and highlights extensive renal endothelial cell phenotypic heterogeneity, as well as a previously unrecognized role of oxidative phosphorylation in the metabolic adaptation of medullary renal endothelial cells to water deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien J Dumas
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elda Meta
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mila Borri
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jermaine Goveia
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katerina Rohlenova
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nadine V Conchinha
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kim Falkenberg
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laure-Anne Teuwen
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura de Rooij
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joanna Kalucka
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rongyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shawez Khan
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Federico Taverna
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Weisi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Magdalena Parys
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carla De Legher
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Vinckier
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tobias K Karakach
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Schoonjans
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Leuven, Belgium.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, China.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Bolund
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, China.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mieke Dewerchin
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Eelen
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ton J Rabelink
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Xuri Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
| | - Yonglun Luo
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, China; .,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China; and.,Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium; .,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Leuven, Belgium.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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32
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Ansermet C, Centeno G, Nikolaeva S, Maillard MP, Pradervand S, Firsov D. The intrinsic circadian clock in podocytes controls glomerular filtration rate. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16089. [PMID: 31695128 PMCID: PMC6838779 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52682-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), or the rate of primary urine formation, is the key indicator of renal function. Studies have demonstrated that GFR exhibits significant circadian rhythmicity and, that these rhythms are disrupted in a number of pathologies. Here, we tested a hypothesis that the circadian rhythm of GFR is driven by intrinsic glomerular circadian clocks. We used mice lacking the circadian clock protein BMAL1 specifically in podocytes, highly specialized glomerular cells critically involved in the process of glomerular filtration (Bmal1lox/lox/Nphs2-rtTA/LC1 or, cKO mice). Circadian transcriptome profiling performed on isolated glomeruli from control and cKO mice revealed that the circadian clock controls expression of multiple genes encoding proteins essential for normal podocyte function. Direct assessment of glomerular filtration by inulin clearance demonstrated that circadian rhythmicity in GFR was lost in cKO mice that displayed an ultradian rhythm of GFR with 12-h periodicity. The disruption of circadian rhythmicity in GFR was paralleled by significant changes in circadian patterns of urinary creatinine, sodium, potassium and water excretion and by alteration in the diurnal pattern of plasma aldosterone levels. Collectively, these results indicate that the intrinsic circadian clock in podocytes participate in circadian rhythmicity of GFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Ansermet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Centeno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Svetlana Nikolaeva
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marc P Maillard
- Service of Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Pradervand
- Genomic Technologies Facility, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dmitri Firsov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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33
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Wang H, Sheng J, He H, Chen X, Li J, Tan R, Wang L, Lan HY. A simple and highly purified method for isolation of glomeruli from the mouse kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F1217-F1223. [PMID: 31566437 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00293.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly purified mouse glomeruli are of great value for studying glomerulus-associated kidney diseases. Here, we developed a simple and rapid procedure for mouse glomerular isolation with large quantity and high purity based on the combination of size-selective sieving and differential adhesion techniques, which we termed the "differential adhesion method." In this method, mouse renal cortices were minced and digested with collagenase. Glomeruli were disassociated from tubules by successive sieving through 105-, 75-, and 40-μm cell strainers. The retained glomeruli-rich preparation on the 40-μm strainer was rinsed into a cell culture dish to allow tubules to adhere quickly to the dish while leaving most glomeruli floating (termed "differential adhesion"). The floating glomerular fraction was then subjected to another wash through the 40-μm strainer followed by an additional differential adhesion step to obtain highly purified glomeruli with yields of 8,357 ± 575 and purity of 96.1 ± 1.8% from one adult C57BL/6 mouse. The purity of the isolated glomeruli was further confirmed by high expression of the podocyte marker nephrin without detectable tubular marker cadherin-16. Importantly, we also found that although both the quantity and purity of the isolated glomeruli by this and the established Dynabeads method were comparable, glomeruli isolated by the current method showed much less inflammatory stress in terms of proinflammatory cytokine expression than the Dynabeads method. In conclusion, we established a newly mouse glomerular isolation method that is simple, rapid, cost effective, and productive. It provides an advanced methodology for research into glomerulus-related kidney diseases in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglian Wang
- Research Center for Integrated Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingyi Sheng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huijun He
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaocui Chen
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinhong Li
- Department of Nephrology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruizhi Tan
- Research Center for Integrated Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Research Center for Integrated Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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34
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Sakamoto K, Furuichi Y, Yamamoto M, Takahashi M, Akimoto Y, Ishikawa T, Shimizu T, Fujimoto M, Takada-Watanabe A, Hayashi A, Mita Y, Manabe Y, Fujii NL, Ishibashi R, Maezawa Y, Betsholtz C, Yokote K, Takemoto M. R3hdml regulates satellite cell proliferation and differentiation. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e47957. [PMID: 31524320 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201947957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we identified a previously uncharacterized skeletal satellite cell-secreted protein, R3h domain containing-like (R3hdml). Expression of R3hdml increases during skeletal muscle development and differentiation in mice. Body weight and skeletal muscle mass of R3hdml knockout (KO) mice are lower compared to control mice. Expression levels of cell cycle-related markers, phosphorylation of Akt, and expression of insulin-like growth factor within the skeletal muscle are reduced in R3hdml KO mice compared to control mice. Expression of R3hdml increases during muscle regeneration in response to cardiotoxin (CTX)-induced muscle injury. Recovery of handgrip strength after CTX injection was significantly impaired in R3hdml KO mice, which is rescued by R3hdml. Our results indicate that R3hdml is required for skeletal muscle development, regeneration, and, in particular, satellite cell proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Sakamoto
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuro Furuichi
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Yamamoto
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Megumi Takahashi
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Akimoto
- Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takahiko Shimizu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Aging Stress Response Research Project Team, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masanori Fujimoto
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Aki Takada-Watanabe
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Aiko Hayashi
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Mita
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuko Manabe
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuharu L Fujii
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Ishibashi
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Cancer and Vascular Biology, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden.,Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Minoru Takemoto
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Chiba, Japan
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Zhu B, Cao A, Li J, Young J, Wong J, Ashraf S, Bierzynska A, Menon MC, Hou S, Sawyers C, Campbell KN, Saleem MA, He JC, Hildebrandt F, D'Agati VD, Peng W, Kaufman L. Disruption of MAGI2-RapGEF2-Rap1 signaling contributes to podocyte dysfunction in congenital nephrotic syndrome caused by mutations in MAGI2. Kidney Int 2019; 96:642-655. [PMID: 31171376 PMCID: PMC7259463 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The essential role of membrane associated guanylate kinase 2 (MAGI2) in podocytes is indicated by the phenotypes of severe glomerulosclerosis of both MAGI2 knockout mice and in patients with congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) caused by mutations in MAGI2. Here, we show that MAGI2 forms a complex with the Rap1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor, RapGEF2, and that this complex is lost when expressing MAGI2 CNS variants. Co-expression of RapGEF2 with wild-type MAGI2, but not MAGI2 CNS variants, enhanced activation of the small GTPase Rap1, a central signaling node in podocytes. In mice, podocyte-specific RapGEF2 deletion resulted in spontaneous glomerulosclerosis, with qualitative glomerular features comparable to MAGI2 knockout mice. Knockdown of RapGEF2 or MAGI2 in human podocytes caused similar reductions in levels of Rap1 activation and Rap1-mediated downstream signaling. Furthermore, human podocytes expressing MAGI2 CNS variants show severe abnormalities of cellular morphology and dramatic loss of actin cytoskeletal organization, features completely rescued by pharmacological activation of Rap1 via a non-MAGI2 dependent upstream pathway. Finally, immunostaining of kidney sections from patients with congenital nephrotic syndrome and MAGI2 mutations showed reduced podocyte Rap1-mediated signaling. Thus, MAGI2-RapGEF2-Rap1 signaling is essential for normal podocyte function. Hence, disruption of this pathway is an important cause of the renal phenotype induced by MAGI2 CNS mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Zhu
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aili Cao
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - James Young
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jenny Wong
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shazia Ashraf
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Agnieszka Bierzynska
- University of Bristol, Children's Renal Unit and Bristol Renal, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Madhav C Menon
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Steven Hou
- National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Charles Sawyers
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kirk N Campbell
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Moin A Saleem
- University of Bristol, Children's Renal Unit and Bristol Renal, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - John C He
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vivette D D'Agati
- Renal Pathology Laboratory, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Wen Peng
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lewis Kaufman
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
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36
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Nelson T, Velazquez H, Troiano N, Fretz JA. Early B Cell Factor 1 (EBF1) Regulates Glomerular Development by Controlling Mesangial Maturation and Consequently COX-2 Expression. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:1559-1572. [PMID: 31405952 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018070699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently showed the transcription factor Early B cell factor 1 (EBF1) is essential for the last stages of metanephric development, and that mice globally deficient in EBF1 display impaired maturation of peripheral glomeruli. EBF1 is present within multiple glomerular cell types, including the glomerular mesangium and podocytes. METHODS To identify which cell type is driving the glomerular developmental defects in the global EBF1 knockout mice, we deleted EBF1 from the mesangium/pericytes (Foxd1-cre) or podocytes (Podocin-cre) in mice. RESULTS Deletion of EBF1 from Foxd1 lineage cells resulted in hypoplastic kidneys, poorly differentiated peripheral glomeruli, and decreased proximal tubular mass in the outer cortex. Renal insufficiency was apparent at P21 when proteinuria presents, fibrosis of both the glomeruli and interstitium rapidly progresses, microthrombi appear, and hematuria develops. Approximately half of the Foxd1+, Ebf1 fl/fl mice die before they are 3 months old. Mice with podocyte-targeted deletion of EBF1 exhibited no developmental abnormalities. Mice with Ebf1 deficiency in Foxd1 lineage cells shared characteristics with Ptgs2/COX-2-insufficient models, and mechanistic investigation revealed impaired calcineurin/NFATc1 activation and decreased COX-2 expression. Deletion of COX-2 from the interstitial/mesangial lineage displayed a less severe phenotype than EBF1 deficiency in mice. Overexpressing COX-2 in the EBF1-deficient mice, however, partially restored glomerular development. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that EBF1 regulates metanephric development at the last stages of glomerular maturation through its actions in the stromal progenitor (Foxd1+) lineage where it mediates proper regulation of calcineurin/NFAT signaling and COX-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Nelson
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation and
| | - Heino Velazquez
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Zambrano S, Möller-Hackbarth K, Li X, Rodriguez PQ, Charrin E, Schwarz A, Nyström J, Wernerson AÖ, Lal M, Patrakka J. GPRC5b Modulates Inflammatory Response in Glomerular Diseases via NF- κB Pathway. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:1573-1586. [PMID: 31285284 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory processes play an important role in the pathogenesis of glomerulopathies. Finding novel ways to suppress glomerular inflammation may offer a new way to stop disease progression. However, the molecular mechanisms that initiate and drive inflammation in the glomerulus are still poorly understood. METHODS We performed large-scale gene expression profiling of glomerulus-associated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to identify new potential therapeutic targets for glomerulopathies. The expression of Gprc5b in disease was analyzed using quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence, and by analyzing published microarray data sets. In vivo studies were carried out in a podocyte-specific Gprc5b knockout mouse line. Mechanistic studies were performed in cultured human podocytes. RESULTS We identified an orphan GPCR, Gprc5b, as a novel gene highly enriched in podocytes that was significantly upregulated in common human glomerulopathies, including diabetic nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, and lupus nephritis. Similar upregulation of Gprc5b was detected in LPS-induced nephropathy in mice. Studies in podocyte-specific Gprc5b knockout mice showed that Gprc5b was not essential for normal development of the glomerular filtration barrier. However, knockout mice were partially protected from LPS-induced proteinuria and recruitment of inflammatory cells. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing in Gprc5b knockouts mice and experiments in cultured human podocytes showed that Gpr5cb regulated inflammatory response in podocytes via NF-κB signaling. CONCLUSIONS GPRC5b is a novel podocyte-specific receptor that regulates inflammatory response in the glomerulus by modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Upregulation of Gprc5b in human glomerulopathies suggests that it may play a role in their pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Zambrano
- Karolinska Insitutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katja Möller-Hackbarth
- Karolinska Insitutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xidan Li
- Karolinska Insitutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patricia Q Rodriguez
- Karolinska Insitutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emmanuelle Charrin
- Karolinska Insitutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angelina Schwarz
- Karolinska Insitutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Nyström
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annika Östman Wernerson
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Mark Lal
- Division of Bioscience, Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jaakko Patrakka
- Karolinska Insitutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden;
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Schwarz A, Möller-Hackbarth K, Ebarasi L, Unnersjö Jess D, Zambrano S, Blom H, Wernerson A, Lal M, Patrakka J. Coro2b, a podocyte protein downregulated in human diabetic nephropathy, is involved in the development of protamine sulphate-induced foot process effacement. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8888. [PMID: 31221975 PMCID: PMC6586875 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45303-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocytes have an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Podocyte foot process effacement, mediated largely by the actin-based cytoskeleton of foot processes, is commonly detected in DN and is believed to be a key pathogenic event in the development of proteinuria. In this study, we identified coronin 2b (Coro2b), a member of known actin-regulating proteins, the coronins, as a highly podocyte-enriched molecule located at the cytoplasmic side of the apical plasma membrane. Studies in human renal biopsies show that glomerular Coro2b expression is significantly down-regulated in patients with DN. Studies in knockout mice indicate that Coro2b is not required for the development or maintenance of the glomerular filtration barrier. Moreover, inactivation of Coro2b specifically in podocytes does not affect the outcome of nephropathy in a streptozotocin-induced diabetes model. However, Coro2b seems to modulate the reorganization of foot processes under pathological conditions as Coro2b knockout podocytes are partially protected from protamine sulfate perfusion-induced foot process effacement. Taken together, our study suggests a role for Coro2b in the pathogenesis of glomerulopathies. Further studies regarding the involvement of Coro2b in podocyte health and diseases are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Schwarz
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katja Möller-Hackbarth
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lwaki Ebarasi
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Unnersjö Jess
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Sonia Zambrano
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Blom
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Annika Wernerson
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark Lal
- Bioscience, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jaakko Patrakka
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Hay A, Lapointe JM, Lewis A, Moreno Quinn C, Miranda E. Optimization of RNA extraction from laser captured microdissected glomeruli from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded mouse kidney samples for Nanostring analysis. Histol Histopathol 2019; 35:57-68. [PMID: 31184368 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Optimized protocols for the microdissection of specific areas from archival tissues and the subsequent RNA analysis are needed but challenging due to RNA degradation and chemical modifications. The aim of this study was to present the most appropriate protocol for utilizing mouse FFPE kidney for laser capture microdissection and Nanostring gene expression analysis. We evaluated different section thicknesses (3, 5, 10 μm), 2 RNA extraction kits (Qiagen and Roche) and different H&E staining methods to optimize microdissection and RNA extraction from glomeruli and cortical tubules samples from FFPE mouse kidney. RNA quality and quantity were assessed via Nanodrop and Qubit. The protocol providing the best results consisted of 5 μm sections, a shorter protocol for H&E staining, and RNA extracted with the Roche kit. Higher Nanostring gene counts and lower qPCR cT significantly correlated with RNA concentrations measured with the Qubit, but not with measures obtained with the Nanodrop. The Nanostring data showed that none of the genes included in the panel was differentially expressed in the cortical tubule compartment compared to the whole kidney. However, 25 genes were differentially expressed in the glomerular compartment compared to the whole kidney. Our data showed that sufficient RNA can be extracted from small compartments like mouse renal glomeruli from archival FFPE tissue, and that whole kidney analysis does not accurately represent the transcriptome state of the glomeruli, which comprise only a small proportion of the overall kidney volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Hay
- Pathology, MedImmune, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Carol Moreno Quinn
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, MedImmune, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Nilsson D, Heglind M, Arani Z, Enerbäck S. Foxc2 is essential for podocyte function. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14083. [PMID: 31062503 PMCID: PMC6503019 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Foxc2 is one of the earliest podocyte markers during glomerular development. To circumvent embryonic lethal effects of global deletion of Foxc2, and to specifically investigate the role of Foxc2 in podocytes, we generated mice with a podocyte-specific Foxc2 deletion. Mice carrying the homozygous deletion developed early proteinuria which progressed rapidly into end stage kidney failure and death around postnatal day 10. Conditional loss of Foxc2 in podocytes caused typical characteristics of podocyte injury, such as podocyte foot process effacement and podocyte microvillus transformation, probably caused by disruption of the slit diaphragm. These effects were accompanied by a redistribution of several proteins known to be necessary for correct podocyte structure. One target gene that showed reduced glomerular expression was Nrp1, the gene encoding neuropilin 1, a protein that has been linked to diabetic nephropathy and proteinuria. We could show that NRP1 was regulated by Foxc2 in vitro, but podocyte-specific ablation of Nrp1 in mice did not generate any phenotype in terms of proteinuria, suggesting that the gene might have more important roles in endothelial cells than in podocytes. Taken together, this study highlights a critical role for Foxc2 as an important gene for podocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nilsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell BiologyInstitute of BiomedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Mikael Heglind
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell BiologyInstitute of BiomedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Zahra Arani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell BiologyInstitute of BiomedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Sven Enerbäck
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell BiologyInstitute of BiomedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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Sieber KB, Batorsky A, Siebenthall K, Hudkins KL, Vierstra JD, Sullivan S, Sur A, McNulty M, Sandstrom R, Reynolds A, Bates D, Diegel M, Dunn D, Nelson J, Buckley M, Kaul R, Sampson MG, Himmelfarb J, Alpers CE, Waterworth D, Akilesh S. Integrated Functional Genomic Analysis Enables Annotation of Kidney Genome-Wide Association Study Loci. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:421-441. [PMID: 30760496 PMCID: PMC6405142 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018030309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Linking genetic risk loci identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to their causal genes remains a major challenge. Disease-associated genetic variants are concentrated in regions containing regulatory DNA elements, such as promoters and enhancers. Although researchers have previously published DNA maps of these regulatory regions for kidney tubule cells and glomerular endothelial cells, maps for podocytes and mesangial cells have not been available. METHODS We generated regulatory DNA maps (DNase-seq) and paired gene expression profiles (RNA-seq) from primary outgrowth cultures of human glomeruli that were composed mainly of podocytes and mesangial cells. We generated similar datasets from renal cortex cultures, to compare with those of the glomerular cultures. Because regulatory DNA elements can act on target genes across large genomic distances, we also generated a chromatin conformation map from freshly isolated human glomeruli. RESULTS We identified thousands of unique regulatory DNA elements, many located close to transcription factor genes, which the glomerular and cortex samples expressed at different levels. We found that genetic variants associated with kidney diseases (GWAS) and kidney expression quantitative trait loci were enriched in regulatory DNA regions. By combining GWAS, epigenomic, and chromatin conformation data, we functionally annotated 46 kidney disease genes. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate a powerful approach to functionally connect kidney disease-/trait-associated loci to their target genes by leveraging unique regulatory DNA maps and integrated epigenomic and genetic analysis. This process can be applied to other kidney cell types and will enhance our understanding of genome regulation and its effects on gene expression in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Batorsky
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Jeff D Vierstra
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Aakash Sur
- Phase Genomics Inc., Seattle, Washington
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, and
| | - Michelle McNulty
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | | | - Alex Reynolds
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, Washington
| | - Daniel Bates
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, Washington
| | - Morgan Diegel
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, Washington
| | - Douglass Dunn
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jemma Nelson
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael Buckley
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, Washington
| | - Rajinder Kaul
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, Washington
| | - Matthew G Sampson
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Jonathan Himmelfarb
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Kidney Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Charles E Alpers
- Department of Anatomic Pathology
- Kidney Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Shreeram Akilesh
- Department of Anatomic Pathology,
- Kidney Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Earlier works of the glomerulogenesis described morphological steps and protein expression during in-vivo and in-vitro kidney development. Recent technologies using cell-specific or conditional knock-out mice for several factors provide important knowledge about cross-talk signaling among resident cells as local events. Based on the recent advancement, this review revisits comprehensive morphological development of the glomerulus. RECENT FINDINGS Interactions of presumptive podocyte vascular endothelial growth factor with vascular endothelial growth factor-2 on angioblasts initiate glomerular vascularization. In induced pluripotent stem cells or organoid-derived nephron formation, the lack of endothelium and mesangial cells under differentiated podocytes suggests the presence of another unknown mechanism for glomerular neovascularization. Mesangial cell migration is prerequisite for glomerular looping by interaction of endothelial platelet-derived grothe factor beta and mesangial platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta and requires the coreceptor neuropilin1. Development of the filtration barrier is promoted by cross-talk among resident cells and may need shear stress. The components of the glomerular basement membrane change during glomerulogenesis, and endothelium and podocytes produce laminin and type IV collagen α1 and α2, whereas type IV collagen α3, α4, α5 is derived only from podocytes. SUMMARY Glomerulogenesis progresses by dynamic cellular migration/differentiation induced by cross-talk signaling in resident cells. Glomerular vasculogenesis and subsequent capillary development provide insight into glomerular regeneration and remodeling for medical application.
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Harder JL, Menon R, Otto EA, Zhou J, Eddy S, Wys NL, O'Connor C, Luo J, Nair V, Cebrian C, Spence JR, Bitzer M, Troyanskaya OG, Hodgin JB, Wiggins RC, Freedman BS, Kretzler M. Organoid single cell profiling identifies a transcriptional signature of glomerular disease. JCI Insight 2019; 4:122697. [PMID: 30626756 PMCID: PMC6485369 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury is central to many forms of kidney disease, but transcriptional signatures reflecting podocyte injury and compensation mechanisms are challenging to analyze in vivo. Human kidney organoids derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), a potentially new model for disease and regeneration, present an opportunity to explore the transcriptional plasticity of podocytes. Here, transcriptional profiling of more than 12,000 single cells from human PSC-derived kidney organoid cultures was used to identify robust and reproducible cell lineage gene expression signatures shared with developing human kidneys based on trajectory analysis. Surprisingly, the gene expression signature characteristic of developing glomerular epithelial cells was also observed in glomerular tissue from a kidney disease cohort. This signature correlated with proteinuria and inverse eGFR, and it was confirmed in an independent podocytopathy cohort. Three genes in particular were further characterized as potentially novel components of the glomerular disease signature. We conclude that cells in human PSC-derived kidney organoids reliably recapitulate the developmental transcriptional program of podocytes and other cell lineages in the human kidney and that transcriptional profiles seen in developing podocytes are reactivated in glomerular disease. Our findings demonstrate an approach to identifying potentially novel molecular programs involved in the pathogenesis of glomerulopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajasree Menon
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Edgar A Otto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
| | - Jian Zhou
- Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sean Eddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
| | - Noel L Wys
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
| | | | | | - Viji Nair
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
| | - Cristina Cebrian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Markus Bitzer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
| | - Olga G Troyanskaya
- Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, New York, USA.,Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and.,Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Roger C Wiggins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and
| | - Benjamin S Freedman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology.,Kidney Research Institute.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, and.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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44
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Zheng Z, Hu H, Tong Y, Hu Z, Cao S, Shan C, Lin W, Yin Y, Li Z. MiR-27b regulates podocyte survival through targeting adenosine receptor 2B in podocytes from non-human primate. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1133. [PMID: 30429458 PMCID: PMC6235956 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a group of small non-coding RNAs that play key roles in almost every aspect of mammalian cell. In kidney, microRNAs are required for maintaining normal function of renal cells, disruption of which contributes to pathogenesis of renal diseases. In this study, we investigated the potential role of miRNAs as key regulators of podocyte survival by using a primary cell culture model from non-human primates (NHPs). Through microRNA profile comparison in glomeruli from mouse, rat and NHP, miR-27b was found to be among a list of glomeruli-enriched miRNA conserved across species. In NHP primary podocyte culture, significant downregulation of miR-27b was observed during treatment of puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN), a classic nephrotoxin. Overexpression of miR-27b enhanced PAN-induced apoptosis and cytoskeleton destruction in podocytes while its inhibition had a protective effect. Target identification analysis identified Adora2b as a potential direct target of miR-27b. Ectopic expression of miR-27b suppressed both Adora2b mRNA and protein expression, whereas inhibition of miR-27b increased the transcript and protein expression levels of Adora2B. Dual luciferase assay further confirmed Adora2b as a direct target of miR-27b. Furthermore, knockdown of Adora2b by siRNAs enhanced PAN-induced apoptosis, similar to the phenotypes we had observed with miR-27b overexpression. In addition, stimulating the adenosine signaling by an Adora2b agonist, NECA, improved podocyte survival upon PAN treatment. Taken together, our data identified a novel role of miR-27b-adora2b axis in primary podocyte survival upon injury and suggested a critical role of adenosine signaling pathway in podocyte protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuokang Zheng
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Yanrong Tong
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Zhixia Hu
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Shiyu Cao
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Ce Shan
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Wenhe Lin
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Yike Yin
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Zhonghan Li
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China.
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45
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Okabe M, Motojima M, Miyazaki Y, Pastan I, Yokoo T, Matsusaka T. Global polysome analysis of normal and injured podocytes. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 316:F241-F252. [PMID: 30379099 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00115.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury is a key event for progressive renal failure. We have previously established a mouse model of inducible podocyte injury (NEP25) that progressively develops glomerulosclerosis after immunotoxin injection. We performed polysome analysis of intact and injured podocytes utilizing the NEP25 and RiboTag transgenic mice, in which a hemagglutinin tag is attached to ribosomal protein L22 selectively in podocytes. Podocyte-specific polysomes were successfully obtained by immunoprecipitation with an antihemagglutinin antibody from glomerular homogenate and analyzed using a microarray. Compared with glomerular cells, 353 genes were highly expressed and enriched in podocytes; these included important podocyte genes and also heretofore uncharacterized genes, such as Dach1 and Foxd2. Podocyte injury by immunotoxin induced many genes to be upregulated, including inflammation-related genes despite no infiltration of inflammatory cells in the glomeruli. MafF and Egr-1, which structurally have the potential to antagonize MafB and WT1, respectively, were rapidly and markedly increased in injured podocytes before MafB and WT1 were decreased. We demonstrated that Maff and Egr1 knockdown increased the MafB targets Nphs2 and Ptpro and the WT1 targets Ptpro, Nxph3, and Sulf1, respectively. This indicates that upregulated MafF and Egr-1 may promote deterioration of podocytes by antagonizing MafB and WT1. Our systematic microarray study of the heretofore undescribed behavior of podocyte genes may open new insights into the understanding of podocyte pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Okabe
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan.,Department of Basic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine , Isehara , Japan
| | - Masaru Motojima
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Tokai University School of Medicine , Isehara , Japan
| | - Yoichi Miyazaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Ira Pastan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Takashi Yokoo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Taiji Matsusaka
- Department of Basic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine , Isehara , Japan.,Institute of Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine , Isehara , Japan
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46
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Lindström NO, De Sena Brandine G, Tran T, Ransick A, Suh G, Guo J, Kim AD, Parvez RK, Ruffins SW, Rutledge EA, Thornton ME, Grubbs B, McMahon JA, Smith AD, McMahon AP. Progressive Recruitment of Mesenchymal Progenitors Reveals a Time-Dependent Process of Cell Fate Acquisition in Mouse and Human Nephrogenesis. Dev Cell 2018; 45:651-660.e4. [PMID: 29870722 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian nephrons arise from a limited nephron progenitor pool through a reiterative inductive process extending over days (mouse) or weeks (human) of kidney development. Here, we present evidence that human nephron patterning reflects a time-dependent process of recruitment of mesenchymal progenitors into an epithelial nephron precursor. Progressive recruitment predicted from high-resolution image analysis and three-dimensional reconstruction of human nephrogenesis was confirmed through direct visualization and cell fate analysis of mouse kidney organ cultures. Single-cell RNA sequencing of the human nephrogenic niche provided molecular insights into these early patterning processes and predicted developmental trajectories adopted by nephron progenitor cells in forming segment-specific domains of the human nephron. The temporal-recruitment model for nephron polarity and patterning suggested by direct analysis of human kidney development provides a framework for integrating signaling pathways driving mammalian nephrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils O Lindström
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Guilherme De Sena Brandine
- Molecular and Computational Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Southern, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Tracy Tran
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Andrew Ransick
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Gio Suh
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jinjin Guo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Albert D Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Riana K Parvez
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Seth W Ruffins
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Rutledge
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Matthew E Thornton
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brendan Grubbs
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jill A McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Andrew D Smith
- Molecular and Computational Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Southern, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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47
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Modeling Renal Disease "On the Fly". BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5697436. [PMID: 29955604 PMCID: PMC6000847 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5697436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Detoxification is a fundamental function for all living organisms that need to excrete catabolites and toxins to maintain homeostasis. Kidneys are major organs of detoxification that maintain water and electrolyte balance to preserve physiological functions of vertebrates. In insects, the renal function is carried out by Malpighian tubules and nephrocytes. Due to differences in their circulation, the renal systems of mammalians and insects differ in their functional modalities, yet carry out similar biochemical and physiological functions and share extensive genetic and molecular similarities. Evolutionary conservation can be leveraged to model specific aspects of the complex mammalian kidney function in the genetic powerhouse Drosophila melanogaster to study how genes interact in diseased states. Here, we compare the human and Drosophila renal systems and present selected fly disease models.
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48
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Prusty BK, Chowdhury SR, Gulve N, Rudel T. Peptidase Inhibitor 15 (PI15) Regulates Chlamydial CPAF Activity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:183. [PMID: 29900129 PMCID: PMC5989220 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obligate intracellular pathogenic Chlamydia trachomatis express several serine proteases whose roles in chlamydial development and pathogenicity are not completely understood. The chlamydial protease CPAF is expressed during the replicative phase of the chlamydial developmental cycle and is secreted into the lumen of the Chlamydia-containing vacuole called inclusion. How the secreted protease is activated in the inclusion lumen is currently not fully understood. We have identified human serine peptidase inhibitor PI15 as a potential host factor involved in the regulation of CPAF activation. Silencing expression as well as over expression of PI15 affected normal development of Chlamydia. PI15 was transported into the chlamydial inclusion lumen where it co-localized with CPAF aggregates. We show that PI15 binds to the CPAF zymogen and potentially induces CPAF protease activity at low concentrations. However, at high concentrations PI15 inhibits CPAF activity possibly by blocking its protease domain. Our findings shed light on a new aspect of chlamydial host co-evolution which involves the recruitment of host cell proteins into the inclusion to control the activation of bacterial proteases like CPAF that are important for the normal development of Chlamydia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupesh K Prusty
- Biocenter, Chair of Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Nitish Gulve
- Biocenter, Chair of Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Rudel
- Biocenter, Chair of Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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49
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Zambrano S, Rodriguez PQ, Guo J, Möller-Hackbarth K, Schwarz A, Patrakka J. FYVE domain-containing protein ZFYVE28 regulates EGFR-signaling in podocytes but is not critical for the function of filtration barrier in mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4712. [PMID: 29549365 PMCID: PMC5856817 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23104-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney ultrafiltration barrier is formed of endothelial cells, the glomerular basement membrane and podocytes. Podocytes have a central role in normal physiology and disease pathogenesis of the glomerulus. Signaling through epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in podocytes mediates development of many glomerular disease processes. In this work, we have identified zinc finger FYVE-type containing 28 (ZFYVE28) as a novel highly podocyte-enriched gene. We localize ZFYVE28 in podocyte foot processes in adult kidney. During glomerulogenesis, Zfyve28 is first expressed at the early capillary loop glomerulus. In cultured podocytes, we show that overexpression of ZFYVE28 promotes EGF-signaling, possibly by up-regulating EGFR expression and by modulating its localization. To study the role of ZFYVE28 in vivo, we generated both conventional and podocyte-specific knockout mouse lines. Kidneys developed normally in ZFYVE28-deficient mice. In adult mice, the absence of ZFYVE28 did not affect the maintenance of the filtration barrier. Moreover, ZFYVE28-deficiency did not affect the outcome of glomerular damage induced by injection of nephrotoxic serum. Taken together, we have identified Zfyve28 as a new molecular component of podocyte foot processes and show that it mediates EGF-signaling in podocytes. However, ZFYVE28 is not essential for the development or maintenance of the glomerulus filtration barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Zambrano
- KI/AZ Integrated CardioMetabolic Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patricia Q Rodriguez
- KI/AZ Integrated CardioMetabolic Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jing Guo
- KI/AZ Integrated CardioMetabolic Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katja Möller-Hackbarth
- KI/AZ Integrated CardioMetabolic Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angelina Schwarz
- KI/AZ Integrated CardioMetabolic Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jaakko Patrakka
- KI/AZ Integrated CardioMetabolic Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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50
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Lindström NO, Tran T, Guo J, Rutledge E, Parvez RK, Thornton ME, Grubbs B, McMahon JA, McMahon AP. Conserved and Divergent Molecular and Anatomic Features of Human and Mouse Nephron Patterning. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:825-840. [PMID: 29449451 DOI: 10.0.6.145/asn.2017091036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, but the mechanism of nephron formation during human development is unclear. We conducted a detailed analysis of nephron development in humans and mice by immunolabeling, and we compared human and mouse nephron patterning to describe conserved and divergent features. We created protein localization maps that highlight the emerging patterns along the proximal-distal axis of the developing nephron and benchmark expectations for localization of functionally important transcription factors, which revealed unanticipated cellular diversity. Moreover, we identified a novel nephron subdomain marked by Wnt4 expression that we fate-mapped to the proximal mature nephron. Significant conservation was observed between human and mouse patterning. We also determined the time at which markers for mature nephron cell types first emerge-critical data for the renal organoid field. These findings have conceptual implications for the evolutionary processes driving the diversity of mammalian organ systems. Furthermore, these findings provide practical insights beyond those gained with mouse and rat models that will guide in vitro efforts to harness the developmental programs necessary to build human kidney structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tracy Tran
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and
| | - Jinjin Guo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and
| | | | - Riana K Parvez
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and
| | - Matthew E Thornton
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Brendan Grubbs
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jill A McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and
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