1
|
Fischer J, Fedotova A, Jaki L, Sallard E, Erhardt A, Fuchs J, Ruzsics Z. Combining CRISPR-Cas-mediated terminal resolution with a novel genetic workflow to achieve high-diversity adenoviral libraries. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2024; 32:101241. [PMID: 38585687 PMCID: PMC10995876 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2024.101241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
While recombinant adenoviruses (rAds) are widely used in both laboratory and medical gene transfer, library-based applications using this vector platform are not readily available. Recently, we developed a new method, the CRISPR-Cas9 mediated in vivo terminal resolution aiding high-efficiency rescue of rAds from recombinant DNA. Here we report on a genetic workflow that allows construction of bacterial artificial chromosome-based rAd libraries reconstituted using highly efficient terminal resolution. We utilized frequent, pre-existing genomic sequences to allow the insertion of a selection marker, complementing two selected target sites into novel endonuclease recognition sites. In the second step, this selection marker is replaced with a transgene or mutation of interest via Gibson assembly. Our approach does not cause unwanted genomic off-target mutations while providing substantial flexibility for the site and nature of the genetic modification. This new genetic workflow, which we termed half site-directed fragment replacement (HFR) allows the introduction of more than 106 unique modifications into rAd encoding BACs using laboratory scale methodology. To demonstrate the power of HFR, we rescued barcoded viral vector libraries yielding a diversity of approximately 2.5 × 104 unique rAds per cm2 of transfected cell culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Fischer
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ariana Fedotova
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lena Jaki
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Erwan Sallard
- Virology and Microbiology, Centre for Biomedical Education & Research (ZBAF), Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Anja Erhardt
- Virology and Microbiology, Centre for Biomedical Education & Research (ZBAF), Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Jonas Fuchs
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zsolt Ruzsics
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Göttig L, Schreiner S. E4orf1: The triple agent of adenovirus - Unraveling its roles in oncogenesis, infectious obesity and immune responses in virus replication and vector therapy. Tumour Virus Res 2024; 17:200277. [PMID: 38428735 PMCID: PMC10937242 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2024.200277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Human Adenoviruses (HAdV) are nearly ubiquitous pathogens comprising numerous sub-types that infect various tissues and organs. Among many encoded proteins that facilitate viral replication and subversion of host cellular processes, the viral E4orf1 protein has emerged as an intriguing yet under-investigated player in the complex interplay between the virus and its host. E4orf1 has gained attention as a metabolism activator and oncogenic agent, while recent research is showing that E4orf1 may play a more important role in modulating cellular pathways such as PI3K-Akt-mTOR, Ras, the immune response and further HAdV replication stages than previously anticipated. In this review, we aim to explore the structure, molecular mechanisms, and biological functions of E4orf1, shedding light on its potentially multifaceted roles during HAdV infection, including metabolic diseases and oncogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss the role of functional E4orf1 in biotechnological applications such as Adenovirus (AdV) vaccine vectors and oncolytic AdV. By dissecting the intricate relationships between HAdV types and E4orf1 proteins, this review provides valuable insights into viral pathogenesis and points to promising areas of future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Göttig
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schreiner
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (Resolving Infection Susceptibility; EXC 2155), Hannover, Germany; Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fischer J, Fedotova A, Bühler C, Darriba L, Schreiner S, Ruzsics Z. Expanding the Scope of Adenoviral Vectors by Utilizing Novel Tools for Recombination and Vector Rescue. Viruses 2024; 16:658. [PMID: 38793540 PMCID: PMC11125593 DOI: 10.3390/v16050658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adenoviruses are widely used in clinical and laboratory applications. Despite the wide variety of available sero- and genotypes, only a fraction is utilized in vivo. As adenoviruses are a large group of viruses, displaying many different tropisms, immune epitopes, and replication characteristics, the merits of translating these natural benefits into vector applications are apparent. This translation, however, proves difficult, since while research has investigated the application of these viruses, there are no universally applicable rules in vector design for non-classical adenovirus types. In this paper, we describe a generalized workflow that allows vectorization, rescue, and cloning of all adenoviral species to enable the rapid development of new vector variants. We show this using human and simian adenoviruses, further modifying a selection of them to investigate their gene transfer potential and build potential vector candidates for future applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zsolt Ruzsics
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (J.F.); (A.F.); (S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zeng M, Zhang W, Li Y, Yu L. Harnessing adenovirus in cancer immunotherapy: evoking cellular immunity and targeting delivery in cell-specific manner. Biomark Res 2024; 12:36. [PMID: 38528632 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00581-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adenovirus (rAd) regimens, including replication-competent oncolytic adenovirus (OAV) and replication-deficient adenovirus, have been identified as potential cancer therapeutics. OAV presents advantages such as selective replication, oncolytic efficacy, and tumor microenvironment (TME) remodeling. In this perspective, the principles and advancements in developing OAV toolkits are reviewed. The burgeoning rAd may dictate efficacy of conventional cancer therapies as well as cancer immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines, synergy with adoptive cell therapy (ACT), and TME reshaping. Concurrently, we explored the potential of rAd hitchhiking to adoptive immune cells or stem cells, highlighting how this approach facilitates synergistic interactions between rAd and cellular therapeutics at tumor sites. Results from preclinical and clinical trials in which immune and stem cells were infected with rAd have been used to address significant oncological challenges, such as postsurgical residual tumor tissue and metastatic tissue. Briefly, rAd can eradicate tumors through various mechanisms, resulting from tumor immunogenicity, reprogramming of the TME, enhancement of cellular immunity, and effective tumor targeting. In this context, we argue that rAd holds immense potential for enhancing cellular immunity and synergistically improving antitumor effects in combination with novel cancer immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zeng
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, International Cancer Center, Hematology Institution of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, International Cancer Center, Hematology Institution of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yisheng Li
- Shenzhen Haoshi Biotechnology Co., Ltd. No, 155 Hongtian Road, Xinqiao Street, Bao'an District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518125, China.
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, International Cancer Center, Hematology Institution of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang H, Wang H, An Y, Chen Z. Construction and application of adenoviral vectors. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 34:102027. [PMID: 37808925 PMCID: PMC10556817 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Adenoviral vectors have been widely used as vaccine candidates or potential vaccine candidates against infectious diseases due to the convenience of genome manipulation, their ability to accommodate large exogenous gene fragments, easy access of obtaining high-titer of virus, and high efficiency of transduction. At the same time, adenoviral vectors have also been used extensively in clinical research for cancer gene therapy and treatment of diseases caused by a single gene defect. However, application of adenovirus also faces a series of challenges such as poor targeting, strong immune response against the vector itself, and they cannot be used repeatedly. It is believed that these problems will be solved gradually with further research and technological development in related fields. Here, we review the construction methods of adenoviral vectors, including "gutless" adenovirus and discuss application of adenoviral vectors as prophylactic vaccines for infectious pathogens and their application prospects as therapeutic vaccines for cancer and other kinds of chronic infectious disease such as human papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Zhang
- Department of Basic Research, Ab&B Bio-Tech CO., LTD. JS, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongdan Wang
- Department of Basic Research, Ab&B Bio-Tech CO., LTD. JS, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youcai An
- Department of Basic Research, Ab&B Bio-Tech CO., LTD. JS, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ze Chen
- Department of Basic Research, Ab&B Bio-Tech CO., LTD. JS, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Trivedi PD, Byrne BJ, Corti M. Evolving Horizons: Adenovirus Vectors' Timeless Influence on Cancer, Gene Therapy and Vaccines. Viruses 2023; 15:2378. [PMID: 38140619 PMCID: PMC10747483 DOI: 10.3390/v15122378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient and targeted delivery of a DNA payload is vital for developing safe gene therapy. Owing to the recent success of commercial oncolytic vector and multiple COVID-19 vaccines, adenovirus vectors are back in the spotlight. Adenovirus vectors can be used in gene therapy by altering the wild-type virus and making it replication-defective; specific viral genes can be removed and replaced with a segment that holds a therapeutic gene, and this vector can be used as delivery vehicle for tissue specific gene delivery. Modified conditionally replicative-oncolytic adenoviruses target tumors exclusively and have been studied in clinical trials extensively. This comprehensive review seeks to offer a summary of adenovirus vectors, exploring their characteristics, genetic enhancements, and diverse applications in clinical and preclinical settings. A significant emphasis is placed on their crucial role in advancing cancer therapy and the latest breakthroughs in vaccine clinical trials for various diseases. Additionally, we tackle current challenges and future avenues for optimizing adenovirus vectors, promising to open new frontiers in the fields of cell and gene therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manuela Corti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (P.D.T.); (B.J.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wen Y, Kong J, Shen Y, He J, Shao G, Feng K, Xie Q, Zhang X. Construction and immune evaluation of the recombinant duck adenovirus type 3 delivering capsid protein VP1 of the type 1 duck hepatitis virus. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103117. [PMID: 37852056 PMCID: PMC10591007 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus serves as an excellent viral vector and is employed in vector vaccine research. Duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV1) and duck adenovirus type 3 (DAdV3) cause significant economic losses in the Chinese duck industry. In this study, we found an excellent exogenous gene insertion site in DAdV3 genome of CH-GD-12-2014 strain, within 3 intergenic regions (IGR). Subsequently, we generated a recombinant duck adenovirus named rDAdV3-VP1-188, which exhibits excellent replication characteristics and immunogenicity of DAdV3 and DHAV1. Animal experiments showed that rDAdV3-VP1-188 can provide 100% protection against the DAdV3 and 80% protection against DHAV1. These results showed that rDAdV3-VP1-188 could induce protection against DAdV3 and DHAV1 in ducks, thus indicating the feasibility of DAdV3 as a vector for the development of avian vector vaccines. These insights contribute to the further development of DAdV3 vectors and other adenovirus vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongsen Wen
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong AiHealth Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 511899, PR China
| | - Jie Kong
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Shen
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui He
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanming Shao
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keyu Feng
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinheng Zhang
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of AgroAnimal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Elahi SM, Jiang J, Nazemi-Moghaddam N, Gilbert R. A Method to Generate and Rescue Recombinant Adenovirus Devoid of Replication-Competent Particles in Animal-Origin-Free Culture Medium. Viruses 2023; 15:2152. [PMID: 38005830 PMCID: PMC10674172 DOI: 10.3390/v15112152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses are promising vectors for vaccine production and gene therapy. Despite all the efforts in removing animal-derived components such as fetal bovine serum (FBS) during the production of adenovirus vector (AdV), FBS is still frequently employed in the early stages of production. Conventionally, first-generation AdVs (E1 deleted) are generated in different variants of adherent HEK293 cells, and plaque purification (if needed) is performed in adherent cell lines in the presence of FBS. In this study, we generated an AdV stock in SF-BMAdR (A549 cells adapted to suspension culture in serum-free medium). We also developed a limiting dilution method using the same cell line to replace the plaque purification assay. By combining these two technologies, we were able to completely remove the need for FBS from the process of generating and producing AdVs. In addition, we demonstrated that the purified AdV stock is free of any replication-competent adenovirus (RCA). Furthermore, we demonstrated that our limiting dilution method could effectively rescue an AdV from a stock that is highly contaminated with RCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Mehdy Elahi
- Department of Production Platforms & Analytics, National Research Council Canada, Building Montreal, 6100 Avenue Royalmount, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada; (J.J.); (N.N.-M.); (R.G.)
| | - Jennifer Jiang
- Department of Production Platforms & Analytics, National Research Council Canada, Building Montreal, 6100 Avenue Royalmount, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada; (J.J.); (N.N.-M.); (R.G.)
| | - Nazila Nazemi-Moghaddam
- Department of Production Platforms & Analytics, National Research Council Canada, Building Montreal, 6100 Avenue Royalmount, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada; (J.J.); (N.N.-M.); (R.G.)
| | - Rénald Gilbert
- Department of Production Platforms & Analytics, National Research Council Canada, Building Montreal, 6100 Avenue Royalmount, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada; (J.J.); (N.N.-M.); (R.G.)
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vervoorn MT, Amelink JJGJ, Ballan EM, Doevendans PA, Sluijter JPG, Mishra M, Boink GJJ, Bowles DE, van der Kaaij NP. Gene therapy during ex situ heart perfusion: a new frontier in cardiac regenerative medicine? Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1264449. [PMID: 37908499 PMCID: PMC10614057 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1264449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ex situ organ preservation by machine perfusion can improve preservation of organs for transplantation. Furthermore, machine perfusion opens up the possibilities for selective immunomodulation, creation of tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion injury and/or correction of a pathogenic genetic defect. The application of gene modifying therapies to treat heart diseases caused by pathogenic mutations during ex situ heart perfusion seems promising, especially given the limitations related to delivery of vectors that were encountered during clinical trials using in vivo cardiac gene therapy. By isolating the heart in a metabolically and immunologically favorable environment and preventing off-target effects and dilution, it is possible to directly control factors that enhance the success rate of cardiac gene therapy. A literature search of PubMed and Embase databases was performed to identify all relevant studies regarding gene therapy during ex situ heart perfusion, aiming to highlight important lessons learned and discuss future clinical prospects of this promising approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mats T. Vervoorn
- Division of Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jantijn J. G. J. Amelink
- Division of Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Elisa M. Ballan
- Division of Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pieter A. Doevendans
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joost P. G. Sluijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Circulatory Health Research Center, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mudit Mishra
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gerard J. J. Boink
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dawn E. Bowles
- Divison of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Niels P. van der Kaaij
- Division of Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Elahi SM, Nazemi-Moghaddam N, Gilbert R. Protease-deleted adenovirus as an alternative for replication-competent adenovirus vector. Virology 2023; 586:67-75. [PMID: 37487327 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
For cancer therapy and vaccination an amplified expression of the therapeutic gene is desired. Previously, we have developed a single-cycle adenovirus vector (SC-AdV) by deleting the adenovirus protease (PS) gene. In order to keep the E1 region intact within the PS-deleted adenoviruses, we examined the insertion of two transgenes under the control of a constitutive or inducible promoters. These were inserted between E4 and the right inverted terminal repeat in a wide variety of backbones with various combinations of PS, E3 and E4 deletion. Our data showed that PS-deleted adenoviruses, expressed transgenes as strongly as replication-competent AdVs in HEK293A and a variant of HeLa cells. In a head-to-head comparison in four human cell lines, we demonstrated that SC-AdV, was comparable for transgene expression efficacy with its replication-competent counterpart. However, the SC-AdV expresses its transgene 10 to 16,000 times higher than its replication-defective counterpart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Mehdy Elahi
- Department of Production Platforms & Analytics, National Research Council Canada, Building Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Nazila Nazemi-Moghaddam
- Department of Production Platforms & Analytics, National Research Council Canada, Building Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Rénald Gilbert
- Department of Production Platforms & Analytics, National Research Council Canada, Building Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Department of Bioengineering McGill University, Montréal, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yano N, Fedulov AV. Targeted DNA Demethylation: Vectors, Effectors and Perspectives. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051334. [PMID: 37239005 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant DNA hypermethylation at regulatory cis-elements of particular genes is seen in a plethora of pathological conditions including cardiovascular, neurological, immunological, gastrointestinal and renal diseases, as well as in cancer, diabetes and others. Thus, approaches for experimental and therapeutic DNA demethylation have a great potential to demonstrate mechanistic importance, and even causality of epigenetic alterations, and may open novel avenues to epigenetic cures. However, existing methods based on DNA methyltransferase inhibitors that elicit genome-wide demethylation are not suitable for treatment of diseases with specific epimutations and provide a limited experimental value. Therefore, gene-specific epigenetic editing is a critical approach for epigenetic re-activation of silenced genes. Site-specific demethylation can be achieved by utilizing sequence-dependent DNA-binding molecules such as zinc finger protein array (ZFA), transcription activator-like effector (TALE) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-associated dead Cas9 (CRISPR/dCas9). Synthetic proteins, where these DNA-binding domains are fused with the DNA demethylases such as ten-eleven translocation (Tet) and thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) enzymes, successfully induced or enhanced transcriptional responsiveness at targeted loci. However, a number of challenges, including the dependence on transgenesis for delivery of the fusion constructs, remain issues to be solved. In this review, we detail current and potential approaches to gene-specific DNA demethylation as a novel epigenetic editing-based therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Yano
- Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Alexey V Fedulov
- Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Farzanehpour M, Miri A, Ghorbani Alvanegh A, Esmaeili Gouvarchinghaleh H. Viral Vectors, Exosomes, and Vexosomes: Potential Armamentarium for Delivering CRISPR/Cas to Cancer Cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115555. [PMID: 37075815 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
The underlying cause of cancer is genetic disruption, so gene editing technologies, particularly CRISPR/Cas systems can be used to go against cancer. The field of gene therapy has undergone many transitions over its 40-year history. Despite its many successes, it has also suffered many failures in the battle against malignancies, causing really adverse effects instead of therapeutic outcomes. At the tip of this double-edged sword are viral and non-viral-based vectors, which have profoundly transformed the way scientists and clinicians develop therapeutic platforms. Viruses such as lentivirus, adenovirus, and adeno-associated viruses are the most common viral vectors used for delivering the CRISPR/Cas system into human cells. In addition, among non-viral vectors, exosomes, especially tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs), have proven to be quite effective at delivering this gene editing tool. The combined use of viral vectors and exosomes, called vexosomes, seems to be a solution to overcoming the obstacles of both delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Farzanehpour
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Miri
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rani R, Nayak M, Nayak B. Exploring the reprogramming potential of B cells and comprehending its clinical and therapeutic perspective. Transpl Immunol 2023; 78:101804. [PMID: 36921730 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2023.101804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Initiating from multipotent progenitors, the lineages extrapolated from hematopoietic stem cells are determined by transcription factors specific to each of them. The commitment factors assist in the differentiation of progenitor cells into terminally differentiated cells. B lymphocytes constitute a population of cells that expresses clonally diverse cell surface immunoglobulin (Ig) receptors specific to antigenic epitopes. B cells are a significant facet of the adaptive immune system. The secreted antibodies corresponding to the B cell recognize the antigens via the B cell receptor (BCR). Following antigen recognition, the B cell is activated and thereafter undergoes clonal expansion and proliferation to become memory B cells. The essence of 'cellular reprogramming' has aided in reliably altering the cells to desired tissue type. The potential of reprogramming has been harnessed to decipher and find solutions for various genetically inherited diseases and degenerative disorders. B lymphocytes can be reprogrammed to their initial naive state from where they get differentiated into any lineage or cell type similar to a pluripotent stem cell which can be accomplished by the deletion of master regulators of the B cell lineage. B cells can be reprogrammed into pluripotent stem cells and also can undergo transdifferentiation at the midway of cell differentiation to other cell types. Mandated expression of C/EBP in specialized B cells corresponds to their fast and effective reprogramming into macrophages, reversing the cell fate of these lymphocytes and allowing them to differentiate freshly into other types of cells. The co-expression of C/EBPα and OKSM (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc) amplified the reprogramming efficiency of B lymphocytes. Various human somatic cells including the immune cells are compliant to reprogramming which paves a path for opportunities like autologous tissue grafts, blood transfusion, and cancer immunotherapy. The ability to reprogram B cells offers an unprecedented opportunity for developing a therapeutic approach for several human diseases. Here, we will focus on all the proteins and transcription factors responsible for the developmental commitment of B lymphocytes and how it is harnessed in various applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reetika Rani
- Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha. 769008, India
| | - Madhusmita Nayak
- Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha. 769008, India
| | - Bismita Nayak
- Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha. 769008, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ahmadi SE, Soleymani M, Shahriyary F, Amirzargar MR, Ofoghi M, Fattahi MD, Safa M. Viral vectors and extracellular vesicles: innate delivery systems utilized in CRISPR/Cas-mediated cancer therapy. Cancer Gene Ther 2023:10.1038/s41417-023-00597-z. [PMID: 36854897 PMCID: PMC9971689 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00597-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Gene editing-based therapeutic strategies grant the power to override cell machinery and alter faulty genes contributing to disease development like cancer. Nowadays, the principal tool for gene editing is the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system. In order to bring this gene-editing system from the bench to the bedside, a significant hurdle remains, and that is the delivery of CRISPR/Cas to various target cells in vivo and in vitro. The CRISPR-Cas system can be delivered into mammalian cells using various strategies; among all, we have reviewed recent research around two natural gene delivery systems that have been proven to be compatible with human cells. Herein, we have discussed the advantages and limitations of viral vectors, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in delivering the CRISPR/Cas system for cancer therapy purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Esmaeil Ahmadi
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maral Soleymani
- grid.411230.50000 0000 9296 6873School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Shahriyary
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Amirzargar
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahya Ofoghi
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, Tehran Hospital of Petroleum Industry, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411600.2Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Davood Fattahi
- grid.411600.2Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Safa
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chavda VP, Bezbaruah R, Valu D, Patel B, Kumar A, Prasad S, Kakoti BB, Kaushik A, Jesawadawala M. Adenoviral Vector-Based Vaccine Platform for COVID-19: Current Status. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020432. [PMID: 36851309 PMCID: PMC9965371 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) breakout had an unimaginable worldwide effect in the 21st century, claiming millions of lives and putting a huge burden on the global economy. The potential developments in vaccine technologies following the determination of the genetic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 and the increasing global efforts to bring potential vaccines and therapeutics into the market for emergency use have provided a small bright spot to this tragic event. Several intriguing vaccine candidates have been developed using recombinant technology, genetic engineering, and other vaccine development technologies. In the last decade, a vast amount of the vaccine development process has diversified towards the usage of viral vector-based vaccines. The immune response elicited by such vaccines is comparatively higher than other approved vaccine candidates that require a booster dose to provide sufficient immune protection. The non-replicating adenoviral vectors are promising vaccine carriers for infectious diseases due to better yield, cGMP-friendly manufacturing processes, safety, better efficacy, manageable shipping, and storage procedures. As of April 2022, the WHO has approved a total of 10 vaccines around the world for COVID-19 (33 vaccines approved by at least one country), among which three candidates are adenoviral vector-based vaccines. This review sheds light on the developmental summary of all the adenoviral vector-based vaccines that are under emergency use authorization (EUA) or in the different stages of development for COVID-19 management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P. Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +91-7030-919-407
| | - Rajashri Bezbaruah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Disha Valu
- Drug Product Development Laboratory, Biopharma Division, Intas Pharmaceutical Ltd., Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382213, Gujarat, India
| | - Bindra Patel
- Pharmacy Section, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Anup Kumar
- Pharmacy Section, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Sanjay Prasad
- Cell and Gene Therapy Drug Product Development Laboratory, Biopharma Division, Intas Pharmaceutical Ltd., Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382213, Gujarat, India
| | - Bibhuti Bhusan Kakoti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Health Systems Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL 33805-8531, USA
| | - Mariya Jesawadawala
- Pharmacy Section, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shoushtari M, Roohvand F, Salehi-Vaziri M, Arashkia A, Bakhshi H, Azadmanesh K. Adenovirus vector-based vaccines as forefront approaches in fighting the battle against flaviviruses. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2079323. [PMID: 35714271 PMCID: PMC9481145 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2079323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) that have been recently considered among the significant public health problems in defined geographical regions. In this line, there have been vaccines approved for some flaviviruses including dengue virus (DENV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), yellow fever virus (YFV), and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), although the efficiency of such vaccines thought to be questionable. Surprisingly, there are no effective vaccine for many other hazardous flaviviruses, including West Nile and Zika viruses. Furthermore, in spite of approved vaccines for some flaviviruses, for example DENV, alternative prophylactic vaccines seem to be still needed for the protection of a broader population, and it originates from the unsatisfying safety, and the efficacy of vaccines that have been introduced. Thus, adenovirus vector-based vaccine candidates are suggested to be effective, safe, and reliable. Interestingly, recent widespread use of adenovirus vector-based vaccines for the COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted the importance and feasibility of their widespread application. In this review, the applicability of adenovirus vector-based vaccines, as promising approaches to harness the diseases caused by Flaviviruses, is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Farzin Roohvand
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Salehi-Vaziri
- Department of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (National Reference Laboratory), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Arashkia
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Bakhshi
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kayhan Azadmanesh
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nilson R, Lübbers O, Schmidt CQ, Rojewski M, Zeplin PH, Funk W, Schrezenmeier H, Kritzinger A, Kochanek S, Krutzke L. Hexon modification of human adenovirus type 5 vectors enables efficient transduction of human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 25:96-110. [PMID: 35402633 PMCID: PMC8956844 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In adenovirus type 5 (HAdV-5)-derived viral vectors, the fiber protein has been the preferred locale for modifications to alter the natural viral tropism. Hexon, the most abundant capsid protein, has rarely been used for retargeting purposes, likely because the insertion of larger targeting peptides into Hexon often interferes with the assembly of the viral capsid. We previously observed that positively charged molecules enhance the transduction of human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs)—a cell type of significant interest for clinical development but inefficiently transduced by unmodified HAdV-5-based vectors. As efficient HAdV-5-mediated gene transfer would greatly increase the therapeutic potential of hMSCs, we tested the hypothesis that introducing positively charged amino acids into Hexon might enhance the transduction of hMSCs, enabling efficient expression of selected transgenes. From the constructs that could be rescued as functional virions, one (HAdV-5-HexPos3) showed striking transduction of hMSCs with up to 500-fold increased efficiency. Evaluation of the underlying mechanism identified heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) to be essential for virus uptake by the cells. The ease and efficiency of transduction of hMSCs with this vector will facilitate the development of genetically modified hMSCs as therapeutic vehicles in different disciplines, including oncology or regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Nilson
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Olivia Lübbers
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Q Schmidt
- Department of Applied Immunology and Immunopharmacology, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Rojewski
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service, Ulm, Germany
| | - Philip Helge Zeplin
- Schlosspark Klinik Ludwigsburg, Privatklinik für Plastische und Ästhetische Chirurgie, Ludwigsburg, Germany
| | | | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service, Ulm, Germany
| | - Astrid Kritzinger
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kochanek
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Lea Krutzke
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jt S, M H, Wam B, Ac B, Sa N. Adenoviral vectors for cardiovascular gene therapy applications: a clinical and industry perspective. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:875-901. [PMID: 35606652 PMCID: PMC9126699 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Despite the development of novel pharmacological treatments, cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality remain high indicating an unmet clinical need. Viral gene therapy enables targeted delivery of therapeutic transgenes and represents an attractive platform for tackling acquired and inherited cardiovascular diseases in the future. Current cardiovascular gene therapy trials in humans mainly focus on improving cardiac angiogenesis and function. Encouragingly, local delivery of therapeutic transgenes utilising first-generation human adenovirus serotype (HAd)-5 is safe in the short term and has shown some efficacy in drug refractory angina pectoris and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Despite this success, systemic delivery of therapeutic HAd-5 vectors targeting cardiovascular tissues and internal organs is limited by negligible gene transfer to target cells, elimination by the immune system, liver sequestration, off-target effects, and episomal degradation. To circumvent these barriers, cardiovascular gene therapy research has focused on determining the safety and efficacy of rare alternative serotypes and/or genetically engineered adenoviral capsid protein-modified vectors following local or systemic delivery. Pre-clinical studies have identified several vectors including HAd-11, HAd-35, and HAd-20–42-42 as promising platforms for local and systemic targeting of vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. In the past, clinical gene therapy trials were often restricted by limited scale-up capabilities of gene therapy medicinal products (GTMPs) and lack of regulatory guidance. However, significant improvement of industrial GTMP scale-up and purification, development of novel producer cell lines, and issuing of GTMP regulatory guidance by national regulatory health agencies have addressed many of these challenges, creating a more robust framework for future adenoviral-based cardiovascular gene therapy. In addition, this has enabled the mass roll out of adenovirus vector-based COVID-19 vaccines. Key messages First-generation HAd-5 vectors are widely used in cardiovascular gene therapy. HAd-5-based gene therapy was shown to lead to cardiac angiogenesis and improved function. Novel HAd vectors may represent promising transgene carriers for systemic delivery. Novel methods allow industrial scale-up of rare/genetically altered Ad serotypes. National regulatory health agencies have issued guidance on GMP for GTMPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Schwartze Jt
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Havenga M
- Batavia Biosciences B.V., Bioscience Park Leiden, Zernikedreef 16, 2333, CL, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bakker Wam
- Batavia Biosciences B.V., Bioscience Park Leiden, Zernikedreef 16, 2333, CL, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bradshaw Ac
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nicklin Sa
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Su W, Patrício MI, Duffy MR, Krakowiak JM, Seymour LW, Cawood R. Self-attenuating adenovirus enables production of recombinant adeno-associated virus for high manufacturing yield without contamination. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1182. [PMID: 35256603 PMCID: PMC8901928 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) shows great promise for gene therapy, however scalability, yield and quality remain significant issues. Here we describe an rAAV manufacturing strategy using a 'helper' adenovirus that self-inhibits its major late promoter (MLP) to truncate its own replication. Inserting a tetracycline repressor (TetR) binding site into the MLP and encoding the TetR under its transcriptional control allowed normal adenovirus replication in the presence of doxycycline but only genome amplification and early gene expression (the 'helper' functions) in its absence. Using this self-inhibiting adenovirus we demonstrate delivery of adenoviral helper functions, AAV rep and cap genes, and the rAAV genome to yield up to 30-fold more rAAV vectors compared to the helper-free plasmid approach and significant improvements in particle infectivity for a range of serotypes. This system allows significant improvements in the production of serotypes rAAV2, rAAV6, rAAV8 and rAAV9, and enables propagation of existing rAAV without transfection, a process that improves batch quality by depleting reverse packaged DNA contaminants. We propose this as a high-yielding, contaminant-free system suitable for scalable rAAV manufacture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiheng Su
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, OX3 7DQ, Oxford, UK
- OXGENE Ltd, Oxford Science Park, OX4 4HG, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Margaret R Duffy
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, OX3 7DQ, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Leonard W Seymour
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, OX3 7DQ, Oxford, UK.
| | - Ryan Cawood
- OXGENE Ltd, Oxford Science Park, OX4 4HG, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sangare K, Helmold Hait S, Moore M, Hogge C, Hoang T, Rahman MA, Venzon DJ, LaBranche C, Montefiori D, Robert-Guroff M, Thomas MA. E4orf1 Suppresses E1B-Deleted Adenovirus Vaccine-Induced Immune Responses. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020295. [PMID: 35214753 PMCID: PMC8875587 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As demonstrated by the recent COVID pandemic, vaccines can reduce the burden arising from infectious agents. Adenoviruses (Ads) with deletion of the early region 1B55K (ΔE1B Ad) are currently being explored for use in vaccine delivery. ΔE1B Ads are different from Ads with deletions in early region 1 and early region 3 (ΔE1/E3) used in most Ad vaccine vectors in that they contain the Ad early region 1A (E1A), and therefore the ability to replicate. Common to almost all Ads that are being explored for clinical use is the Ad early region 4 (E4). Among the E4 genes is open reading frame 1 (E4orf1), which mediates signals through the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway that is known to modulate immune responses. This suggests that E4orf1 might also modulate immune responses, although it has remained unexplored in ΔE1B Ad. Here, we show that cells infected with an E1B55K and E4orf1-deleted (ΔE41) Ad exhibited reduced levels of phosphorylated Akt (Ser473 and Thr308)) and expressed different intrinsic innate immune cytokines from those induced in cells infected with an E4orf1-containing, ΔE1B parental Ad that exhibited elevated levels of phosphorylated Akt. Rhesus macaques immunized with a ΔE41 Ad that expressed rhFLSC (HIV-1BaL gp120 linked to rhesus CD4 D1 and D2), exhibited higher levels of rhFLSC-specific interferon γ-producing memory T-cells, higher titers of rhFLSC-specific IgG1 binding antibody in serum, and antibodies able to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) with greater killing capacity than the ΔE1B Ad. Therefore, E4orf1, perhaps by acting through the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway, limits intrinsic innate and system-wide adaptive immune responses that are important for improved ΔE1B Ad-based vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kotou Sangare
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA; (K.S.); (M.M.)
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.H.H.); (C.H.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Sabrina Helmold Hait
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.H.H.); (C.H.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Madison Moore
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA; (K.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Christopher Hogge
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.H.H.); (C.H.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Tanya Hoang
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.H.H.); (C.H.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Mohammad Arif Rahman
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.H.H.); (C.H.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - David J. Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Celia LaBranche
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (C.L.); (D.M.)
| | - David Montefiori
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (C.L.); (D.M.)
| | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.H.H.); (C.H.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Michael A. Thomas
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA; (K.S.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-202-806-6941
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sosnovtseva AO, Stepanova OV, Stepanenko AA, Voronova AD, Chadin AV, Valikhov MP, Chekhonin VP. Recombinant Adenoviruses for Delivery of Therapeutics Following Spinal Cord Injury. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:777628. [PMID: 35082666 PMCID: PMC8784517 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.777628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The regeneration of nerve tissue after spinal cord injury is a complex and poorly understood process. Medication and surgery are not very effective treatments for patients with spinal cord injuries. Gene therapy is a popular approach for the treatment of such patients. The delivery of therapeutic genes is carried out in a variety of ways, such as direct injection of therapeutic vectors at the site of injury, retrograde delivery of vectors, and ex vivo therapy using various cells. Recombinant adenoviruses are often used as vectors for gene transfer. This review discusses the advantages, limitations and prospects of adenovectors in spinal cord injury therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia O Sosnovtseva
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V Stepanova
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Neurohumoral and Immunological Research, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksei A Stepanenko
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia D Voronova
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V Chadin
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marat P Valikhov
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Neurohumoral and Immunological Research, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir P Chekhonin
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
The worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to the unprecedented pace of development of multiple vaccines. This review evaluates how adenovirus (Ad) vector platforms have been leveraged in response to this pandemic. Ad vectors have been used in the past for vaccines against other viruses, most notably HIV and Ebola, but they never have been produced, distributed, or administered to humans at such a large scale. Several different serotypes of Ads encoding SARS-CoV-2 Spike have been tested and found to be efficacious against COVID-19. As vaccine rollouts continue and the number of people receiving these vaccines increases, we will continue to learn about this vaccine platform for COVID-19 prevention and control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Jacob-Dolan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA;
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Dan H Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA;
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cooney AL, Wambach JA, Sinn PL, McCray PB. Gene Therapy Potential for Genetic Disorders of Surfactant Dysfunction. Front Genome Ed 2022; 3:785829. [PMID: 35098209 PMCID: PMC8798122 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2021.785829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant is critically important to prevent atelectasis by lowering the surface tension of the alveolar lining liquid. While respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is common in premature infants, severe RDS in term and late preterm infants suggests an underlying genetic etiology. Pathogenic variants in the genes encoding key components of pulmonary surfactant including surfactant protein B (SP-B, SFTPB gene), surfactant protein C (SP-C, SFTPC gene), and the ATP-Binding Cassette transporter A3 (ABCA3, ABCA3 gene) result in severe neonatal RDS or childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD). These proteins play essential roles in pulmonary surfactant biogenesis and are expressed in alveolar epithelial type II cells (AEC2), the progenitor cell of the alveolar epithelium. SP-B deficiency most commonly presents in the neonatal period with severe RDS and requires lung transplantation for survival. SFTPC mutations act in an autosomal dominant fashion and more commonly presents with chILD or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis than neonatal RDS. ABCA3 deficiency often presents as neonatal RDS or chILD. Gene therapy is a promising option to treat monogenic lung diseases. Successes and challenges in developing gene therapies for genetic disorders of surfactant dysfunction include viral vector design and tropism for target cell types. In this review, we explore adeno-associated virus (AAV), lentiviral, and adenoviral (Ad)-based vectors as delivery vehicles. Both gene addition and gene editing strategies are compared to best design treatments for lung diseases resulting from pathogenic variants in the SFTPB, SFTPC, and ABCA3 genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L. Cooney
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute and the Center for Gene Therapy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: Ashley L. Cooney,
| | - Jennifer A. Wambach
- Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Patrick L. Sinn
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute and the Center for Gene Therapy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Paul B. McCray
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute and the Center for Gene Therapy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tan E, Chin CSH, Lim ZFS, Ng SK. HEK293 Cell Line as a Platform to Produce Recombinant Proteins and Viral Vectors. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:796991. [PMID: 34966729 PMCID: PMC8711270 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.796991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal cell-based expression platforms enable the production of complex biomolecules such as recombinant proteins and viral vectors. Although most biotherapeutics are produced in animal cell lines, production in human cell lines is expanding. One important advantage of using human cell lines is the increased potential that the resulting biotherapeutics would carry more “human-like” post-translational modifications. Among the human cell lines, HEK293 is widely utilized due to its high transfectivity, rapid growth rate, and ability to grow in a serum-free, suspension culture. In this review, we discuss the use of HEK293 cells and its subtypes in the production of biotherapeutics. We also compare their usage against other commonly used host cell lines in each category of biotherapeutics and summarise the factors influencing the choice of host cell lines used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan Tan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cara Sze Hui Chin
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhi Feng Sherman Lim
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Say Kong Ng
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Receptor Binding Domain on Recombinant B. subtilis on Spore Surface: A Potential COVID-19 Oral Vaccine Candidate. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 10:vaccines10010002. [PMID: 35062663 PMCID: PMC8780001 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Various types of vaccines, such as mRNA, adenovirus, and inactivated virus by injection, have been developed to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although some of them have already been approved under the COVID-19 pandemic, various drawbacks, including severe side effects and the requirement for sub-zero temperature storage, may hinder their applications. Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) is generally recognized as a safe and endotoxin-free Gram-positive bacterium that has been extensively employed as a host for the expression of recombinant proteins. Its dormant spores are extraordinarily resistant to the harsh environment in the gastrointestinal tract. This feature makes it an ideal carrier for oral administration in resisting this acidic environment and for release in the intestine. In this study, an engineered B. subtilis spore expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (sRBD) on the spore surface was developed. In a pilot test, no adverse health event was observed in either mice or healthy human volunteers after three oral courses of B. subtilis spores. Significant increases in neutralizing antibody against sRBD, in both mice and human volunteers, after oral administration were also found. These findings may enable the further clinical developments of B. subtilis spores as an oral vaccine candidate against COVID-19 in the future.
Collapse
|
26
|
Elkashif A, Alhashimi M, Sayedahmed EE, Sambhara S, Mittal SK. Adenoviral vector-based platforms for developing effective vaccines to combat respiratory viral infections. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1345. [PMID: 34667600 PMCID: PMC8510854 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the development of the first vaccine against smallpox over two centuries ago, vaccination strategies have been at the forefront of significantly impacting the incidences of infectious diseases globally. However, the increase in the human population, deforestation and climate change, and the rise in worldwide travel have favored the emergence of new viruses with the potential to cause pandemics. The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is a cruel reminder of the impact of novel pathogens and the suboptimal capabilities of conventional vaccines. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new vaccine strategies that allow the production of billions of doses in a short duration and are broadly protective against emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Extensive knowledge of the molecular biology and immunology of adenoviruses (Ad) has favored Ad vectors as platforms for vaccine design. The Ad-based vaccine platform represents an attractive strategy as it induces robust humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and can meet the global demand in a pandemic situation. This review describes the status of Ad vector-based vaccines in preclinical and clinical studies for current and emerging respiratory viruses, particularly coronaviruses, influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elkashif
- Department of Comparative PathobiologyPurdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, and Purdue University Center for Cancer ResearchCollege of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Marwa Alhashimi
- Department of Comparative PathobiologyPurdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, and Purdue University Center for Cancer ResearchCollege of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Ekramy E Sayedahmed
- Department of Comparative PathobiologyPurdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, and Purdue University Center for Cancer ResearchCollege of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | | | - Suresh K Mittal
- Department of Comparative PathobiologyPurdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, and Purdue University Center for Cancer ResearchCollege of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first detected in December 2019 and has since morphed into a global pandemic claiming over 2.4 million human lives and severely impacting global economy. The race for a safe and efficacious vaccine was thus initiated with government agencies as well as major pharmaceutical companies as frontrunners. An ideal vaccine would activate multiple arms of the adaptive immune system to generate cytotoxic T cell responses as well as neutralizing antibody responses, while avoiding pathological or deleterious immune responses that result in tissue damage or exacerbation of the disease. Developing an effective vaccine requires an inter-disciplinary effort involving virology, protein biology, biotechnology, immunology and pharmaceutical sciences. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the pathology and immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, which are fundamental to vaccine development. We then summarize the rationale for developing COVID-19 vaccines and provide novel insights into vaccine development from a pharmaceutical science perspective, such as selection of different antigens, adjuvants, delivery platforms and formulations. Finally, we review multiple clinical trial outcomes of novel vaccines in terms of safety and efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirk Hofman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Gautam N. Shenoy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, SUNY University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Vincent Chak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sathy V. Balu-Iyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Harrison D, Wu D, Huang J, Fang Y. Single-cell lactate production rate as a measure of glycolysis in endothelial cells. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100807. [PMID: 34527962 PMCID: PMC8433287 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous metabolism supports critical single-cell functions. Here, we describe deep-learning-enabled image analyses of a genetically encoded lactate-sensing probe which can accurately quantify metabolite levels and glycolytic rates at the single-cell level. Multiple strategies and test data have been included to obviate possible obstacles including successful sensor expression and accurate segmentation. This protocol reliably discriminates between metabolically diverse subpopulations which can be used to directly link metabolism to functional phenotypes by integrating spatiotemporal information, genetic or pharmacological perturbations, and real-time metabolic states. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Wu et al. (2021a).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devin Harrison
- Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - David Wu
- Department of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jun Huang
- Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yun Fang
- Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rojas JM, Sevilla N, Martín V. A New Look at Vaccine Strategies Against PPRV Focused on Adenoviral Candidates. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:729879. [PMID: 34568477 PMCID: PMC8455998 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.729879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) is a virus that mainly infects goats and sheep causing significant economic loss in Africa and Asia, but also posing a serious threat to Europe, as recent outbreaks in Georgia (2016) and Bulgaria (2018) have been reported. In order to carry out the eradication of PPRV, an objective set for 2030 by the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), close collaboration between governments, pharmaceutical companies, farmers and researchers, among others, is needed. Today, more than ever, as seen in the response to the SARS-CoV2 pandemic that we are currently experiencing, these goals are feasible. We summarize in this review the current vaccination approaches against PPRV in the field, discussing their advantages and shortfalls, as well as the development and generation of new vaccination strategies, focusing on the potential use of adenovirus as vaccine platform against PPRV and more broadly against other ruminant pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Verónica Martín
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Shieh WJ. Human adenovirus infections in pediatric population - an update on clinico-pathologic correlation. Biomed J 2021; 45:38-49. [PMID: 34506970 PMCID: PMC9133246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses can cause infections at any age but most commonly in pediatric population, especially in young children and infants. By the time of 10 years old, most children have had at least one episode of adenovirus infection. Adenoviruses can cause many symptoms similar to common cold, including rhinorrhea, fever, cough, and sore throat. Lower respiratory infections such as bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia can be severe and even fatal. Other diseases such as conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis, cystitis, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, and meningoencephalitis can also be associated with adenovirus infections. A variety of recent advancement of structural and molecular biology methods have revamped the taxonomy of adenoviruses and furthered our understanding of the diversity of related clinical diseases. Because of the wide spectrum and complexity of diseases associated with human adenovirus infections, the scope of this review is limited to basic virology and epidemiology of adenoviruses with a main focus on the clinico–pathologic correlation. Clinical manifestations and pathology of any infectious disease are always related; therefore, it is logical to review clinico–pathologic correlation within the specific disease entity caused by adenoviruses to better understand this common viral infection in pediatric population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wun-Ju Shieh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Engineered Natural Killer (CAR NK) Cells in Cancer Treatment; Recent Advances and Future Prospects. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:2081-2106. [PMID: 34472037 PMCID: PMC8410173 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are critical members of the innate immunity lymphocytes and have a critical role in host defense against malignant cells. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) redirects the specificity of the immune cell against a target-specific antigen. ACT has recently created an outstanding opportunity for cancer treatment. Unlike CAR-armored T cells which hadnsome shortcomings as the CAR-receiving construct, Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independency, shorter lifespan, the potential to produce an off-the-shelf immune product, and potent anti-tumor properties of the NK cells has introduced NK cells as a potent alternative target for expression of CAR. Here, we aim to provide an updated overview on the current improvements in CAR NK design and immunobiology and describe the potential of CAR-modified NK cells as an alternative “off-the-shelf” carrier of CAR. We also provide lists for the sources of NK cells in the process of CAR NK cell production, different methods for transduction of the CAR genetic sequence to NK cells, the differences between CAR T and CAR NK, and CAR NK-targeted tumor antigens in current studies. Additionally, we provide data on recently published preclinical and clinical studies of CAR NK therapy and a list of finished and ongoing clinical trials. For achieving CAR NK products with higher efficacy and safety, we discuss current challenges in transduction and expansion of CAR NK cells, CAR NK therapy side effects, and challenges that limit the optimal efficacy of CAR NK cells and recommend possible solutions to enhance the persistence, function, safety, and efficacy of CAR NK cells with a special focus on solid tumors.
Collapse
|
32
|
Analytics of host cell proteins (HCPs): lessons from biopharmaceutical mAb analysis for Gene therapy products. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 71:98-104. [PMID: 34311150 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Analytics for host cell protein (HCP) analysis of therapeutic monoclonal antibody preparations have developed enormously. We consider how learnings from this can inform HCP analysis of gene therapy viral vector products. The application of mass spectrometry (MS) approaches for analysis of HCPs in viral vector preparations is being established, although such information remains limited and is yet to be widely applied into process or host cell line development to reduce HCP amounts or risk. As these MS approaches, and the data from them, are applied and become available, the process understanding created will speed process development activity. We describe technologies that have been, or can be, applied to viral vector HCP analysis to aid process development, reduce HCP amounts, identify critical HCPs and thus inform risk assessment and management based on a knowledge of specific HCPs, ultimately delivering safe and efficacious gene therapy products to the clinic.
Collapse
|
33
|
Hendel SJ, Shoulders MD. Directed evolution in mammalian cells. Nat Methods 2021; 18:346-357. [PMID: 33828274 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-021-01090-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Directed evolution experiments are typically carried out using in vitro systems, bacteria, or yeast-even when the goal is to probe or modulate mammalian biology. Performing directed evolution in systems that do not match the intended mammalian environment severely constrains the scope and functionality of the targets that can be evolved. We review new platforms that are now making it possible to use the mammalian cell itself as the setting for directed evolution and present an overview of frontier challenges and high-impact targets for this approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Hendel
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew D Shoulders
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Maali A, Maroufi F, Sadeghi F, Atashi A, Kouchaki R, Moghadami M, Azad M. Induced pluripotent stem cell technology: trends in molecular biology, from genetics to epigenetics. Epigenomics 2021; 13:631-647. [PMID: 33823614 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, based on autologous cells' reprogramming to the embryonic state, is a new approach in regenerative medicine. Current advances in iPSC technology have opened up new avenues for multiple applications, from basic research to clinical therapy. Thus, conducting iPSC trials have attracted increasing attention and requires an extensive understanding of the molecular basis of iPSCs. Since iPSC reprogramming is based on the methods inducing the expression of specific genes involved in pluripotency states, it can be concluded that iPSC reprogramming is strongly influenced by epigenetics. In this study, we reviewed the molecular basis of reprogramming, including the reprogramming factors (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, c-MYC, NANOG, ESRRB, LIN28 as well as their regulatory networks), applied vectors (retroviral vectors, adenoviral vectors, Sendaiviral vectors, episomal plasmids, piggyBac, simple vectors, etc.) and epigenetic modifications (miRNAs, histones and DNA methylation states) to provide a comprehensive guide for reprogramming studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amirhosein Maali
- Student Research Committee, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Faezeh Maroufi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Farzin Sadeghi
- Cellular & Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Amir Atashi
- Stem Cells & Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Reza Kouchaki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mona Moghadami
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mehdi Azad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Leikas AJ, Laham-Karam N, Agtereek E, Peltonen HM, Selander T, Korpisalo P, Holappa L, Hartikainen JEK, Heikura T, Ylä-Herttuala S. Efficacy and Safety of Clinical-Grade Human Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-D ΔNΔC Gene Therapy Containing Residual Replication-Competent Adenoviruses. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:761-770. [PMID: 33371775 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological bypass through induced angiogenesis by vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D) gene therapy (GT) is a new concept for the treatment of cardiac ischemia. Serotype 5 adenoviruses are used in the clinical trials for transferring the VEGF-D cDNA into the ischemic myocardium. However, the presence of replication-competent vectors in the adenovirus products is a widely recognized problem that may pose a potential safety risk to the treated patients. We compared three different VEGF-D GT production lots containing different levels of replication-competent adenoviruses (RCA) tested in 3 × 1010 viral particles (vp): <10 RCA (VEGF-D L-RCA1), 10-100 RCA (VEGF-D H-RCA2), and 100-200 RCA (VEGF-D H-RCA3), as measured by a novel droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) RCA assay in a preclinical rabbit model (n = 21). β-galactosidase encoding nonclinical-grade preparation was used as a nonangiogenic control. Each preparation was injected into the right semimembranosus muscle using dose of 1 × 1011 vp. Efficacy of the products was tested by the combination of contrast pulse sequencing ultrasound and modified Miles assay as well as quantifying the total cross-sectional area of capillaries. Safety, immunogenicity, toxicity, biodistribution, and shedding were assessed by general histology, serial measurements of C-reactive protein, white blood cell count and body temperature as well as using quantitative real-time PCR with primers targeted to the VEGF-D and replication-permitting E1 sequences. We found no significant differences in the efficacy or safety between the study groups. Most importantly, no detectable presence of RCA-specific E1 sequence was found in any samples tested, indicating that no detectable vector replication took place in vivo. We conclude that relatively low levels of RCA in adenoviral GT products may not be as important major safety issue as previously anticipated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksi J Leikas
- Heart Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nihay Laham-Karam
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eline Agtereek
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Tuomas Selander
- Science Service Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petra Korpisalo
- Heart Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lari Holappa
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha E K Hartikainen
- Heart Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tommi Heikura
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- Heart Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Conniot J, Talebian S, Simões S, Ferreira L, Conde J. Revisiting gene delivery to the brain: silencing and editing. Biomater Sci 2020; 9:1065-1087. [PMID: 33315025 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01278e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, ischemic brain diseases, and brain tumors are debilitating diseases that severely impact a person's life and could possibly lead to their demise if left untreated. Many of these diseases do not respond to small molecule therapeutics and have no effective long-term therapy. Gene therapy offers the promise of treatment or even a cure for both genetic and acquired brain diseases, mediated by either silencing or editing disease-specific genes. Indeed, in the last 5 years, significant progress has been made in the delivery of non-coding RNAs as well as gene-editing formulations to the brain. Unfortunately, the delivery is a major limiting factor for the success of gene therapies. Both viral and non-viral vectors have been used to deliver genetic information into a target cell, but they have limitations. Viral vectors provide excellent transduction efficiency but are associated with toxic effects and have limited packaging capacity; however, non-viral vectors are less toxic and show a high packaging capacity at the price of low transfection efficiency. Herein, we review the progress made in the field of brain gene therapy, particularly in the design of non-toxic and trackable non-viral vectors, capable of controlled release of genes in response to internal/external triggers, and in the delivery of formulations for gene editing. The application of these systems in the context of various brain diseases in pre-clinical and clinical tests will be discussed. Such promising approaches could potentially pave the way for clinical realization of brain gene therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Conniot
- NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yilmaz A, Cui H, Caligiuri MA, Yu J. Chimeric antigen receptor-engineered natural killer cells for cancer immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:168. [PMID: 33287875 PMCID: PMC7720606 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00998-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a critical component of the innate immune system. Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) re-direct NK cells toward tumor cells carrying corresponding antigens, creating major opportunities in the fight against cancer. CAR NK cells have the potential for use as universal CAR cells without the need for human leukocyte antigen matching or prior exposure to tumor-associated antigens. Exciting data from recent clinical trials have renewed interest in the field of cancer immunotherapy due to the potential of CAR NK cells in the production of "off-the-shelf" anti-cancer immunotherapeutic products. Here, we provide an up-to-date comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in key areas of CAR NK cell research and identify under-investigated research areas. We summarize improvements in CAR design and structure, advantages and disadvantages of using CAR NK cells as an alternative to CAR T cell therapy, and list sources to obtain NK cells. In addition, we provide a list of tumor-associated antigens targeted by CAR NK cells and detail challenges in expanding and transducing NK cells for CAR production. We additionally discuss barriers to effective treatment and suggest solutions to improve CAR NK cell function, proliferation, persistence, therapeutic effectiveness, and safety in solid and liquid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Yilmaz
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Hanwei Cui
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Michael A Caligiuri
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, KCRB, Bldg. 158, 3rd Floor, Room 3017, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, KCRB, Bldg. 158, 3rd Floor, Room 3017, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA.
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA.
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA.
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sena-Esteves M, Gao G. Introducing Genes into Mammalian Cells: Viral Vectors. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2020; 2020:095513. [PMID: 32457039 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top095513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, many different viral vector systems have been developed to take advantage of the specific biological properties and tropisms of a large number of mammalian viruses. As a result, researchers wanting to introduce and/or express genes in mammalian cells have many options, as discussed here.
Collapse
|
39
|
Niehues H, Jansen PAM, Rodijk-Olthuis D, Rikken G, Smits JPH, Schalkwijk J, Zeeuwen PLJM, van den Bogaard EHJ. Know your enemy: Unexpected, pervasive and persistent viral and bacterial contamination of primary cell cultures. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:672-676. [PMID: 32506526 PMCID: PMC7496648 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In biomedical research, cell culture contamination is one of the main culprits of experimental failure. Contamination sources and concomitant remedies are numerous and challenging to manage. We herein describe two cases of uncommon contamination of cell cultures that we encountered, and the successful determination and eradication strategies. The first case describes the infection with human adenovirus C that originated from pharyngeal tonsils used for isolation of primary tonsillar epithelial cells. It is known that viral contamination of in vitro cell cultures can occur symptomless and is therefore difficult to identify. The contamination was pervasive and persistent, as it was widely spread in flow cabinets and apparatus, and has caused a serious delay to our research projects and the inevitable loss of valuable (patient-derived) cell sources. Eradication was successful by formalin gas sterilization of the flow cabinet and elimination of all infected cell lines from our biobank after PCR-guided determination. Secondly, we encountered a spore-forming bacterium, namely Brevibacillus brevis, in our cell culture facility. This bacterium originated from contaminated tap water pipes and spread via regular aseptic culture techniques due to survival of the bacterial spores in 70% ethanol. B brevis overgrew the cultures within a few days after seeding of the primary cells. Chlorine solution effectively killed this spore-forming bacterium. Both cases of contamination were identified using DNA sequencing which enabled the deployment of targeted aseptic techniques for the elimination of the persistent contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Niehues
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick A M Jansen
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Rodijk-Olthuis
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs Rikken
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos P H Smits
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Schalkwijk
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick L J M Zeeuwen
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen H J van den Bogaard
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Neukirch L, Fougeroux C, Andersson AMC, Holst PJ. The potential of adenoviral vaccine vectors with altered antigen presentation capabilities. Expert Rev Vaccines 2020; 19:25-41. [PMID: 31889453 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1711054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Despite their appeal as vaccine vectors, adenoviral vectors are yet unable to induce protective immune responses against some weakly immunogenic antigens. Additionally, the maximum doses of adenovirus-based vaccines are limited by vector-induced toxicity, causing vector elimination and diminished immune responses against the target antigen. In order to increase immune responses to the transgene, while maintaining a moderate vector dose, new technologies for improved transgene presentation have been developed for adenoviral vaccine vectors.Areas covered: This review provides an overview of different genetic-fusion adjuvants that aim to improve antigen presentation in the context of adenoviral vector-based vaccines. The influence on both T cell and B cell responses are discussed, with a main focus on two technologies: MHC class II-associated invariant chain and virus-like-vaccines.Expert opinion: Different strategies have been tested to improve adenovirus-based vaccinations with varying degrees of success. The reviewed genetic adjuvants were designed to increase antigen processing and MHC presentation, or promote humoral immune responses with an improved conformational antigen display. While none of the introduced technologies is universally applicable, this review shall give an overview to identify potential improvements for future vaccination approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Neukirch
- Clinical Cooperation Unit "Applied Tumor Immunity", National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cyrielle Fougeroux
- Center for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Carola Andersson
- Center for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,InProTher ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Johannes Holst
- Center for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,InProTher ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Various adenovirus (AdV) vector systems have proven to be lucrative options for gene delivery. They can serve as potential vaccine candidates for prevention of several common infectious diseases and hold the promise for gene therapy, especially for cancer. Several AdV vector-based therapies are currently at various stages of clinical trials worldwide, which make an immense interest of both the clinicians and researchers. Since these vectors are easy to manipulate, have broad tropism, and have the capability to yield high titers, this delivery system has a wide range of applications for different clinical settings. This chapter emphasizes on some of the current usages of AdV vectors and their production methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekramy E Sayedahmed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Rashmi Kumari
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Suresh K Mittal
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Progress in Adenoviral Capsid-Display Vaccines. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6030081. [PMID: 30049954 PMCID: PMC6165093 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6030081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviral vectored vaccines against infectious diseases are currently in clinical trials due to their capacity to induce potent antigen-specific B- and T-cell immune responses. Heterologous prime-boost vaccination with adenoviral vector and, for example, adjuvanted protein-based vaccines can further enhance antigen-specific immune responses. Although leading to potent immune responses, these heterologous prime-boost regimens may be complex and impact manufacturing costs limiting efficient implementation. Typically, adenoviral vectors are engineered to genetically encode a transgene in the E1 region and utilize the host cell machinery to express the encoded antigen and thereby induce immune responses. Similarly, adenoviral vectors can be engineered to display foreign immunogenic peptides on the capsid-surface by insertion of antigens in capsid proteins hexon, fiber and protein IX. The ability to use adenoviral vectors as antigen-display particles, with or without using the genetic vaccine function, greatly increases the versatility of the adenoviral vector for vaccine development. This review describes the application of adenoviral capsid antigen-display vaccine vectors by focusing on their distinct advantages and possible limitations in vaccine development.
Collapse
|
43
|
Kroll C, Rathert P. Stable Expression of Epigenome Editors via Viral Delivery and Genomic Integration. Methods Mol Biol 2018. [PMID: 29524137 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7774-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The advent of precise genomic targeting systems has revolutionized epigenome editing through fusion of epigenetic effector proteins with engineered DNA-binding proteins. However, the delivery of plasmid DNA to express these fusion proteins via conventional transient transfection has certain consequences which need to be considered during the experimental design. Transient transfection achieves peak gene expression between 24 and 96 h post-transfection after which the foreign gene is lost through cell division and degradation. The use of cell lines stably expressing the effector fusion protein of interest provides several advantages compared to standard transfection methods, and the most suitable means for creating these cell lines was found to be viral delivery followed by stable integration of the transgenes into the host genome. Here we describe a practical protocol to generate murine cell lines stably expressing fusion proteins of chromatin regulators and DNA-binding proteins using a retroviral murine stem cell virus (MSCV)-based vector system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Kroll
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, Stuttgart University, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Philipp Rathert
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, Stuttgart University, Stuttgart, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sharon D, Kamen A. Advancements in the design and scalable production of viral gene transfer vectors. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 115:25-40. [PMID: 28941274 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The last 10 years have seen a rapid expansion in the use of viral gene transfer vectors, with approved therapies and late stage clinical trials underway for the treatment of genetic disorders, and multiple forms of cancer, as well as prevention of infectious diseases through vaccination. With this increased interest and widespread adoption of viral vectors by clinicians and biopharmaceutical industries, there is an imperative to engineer safer and more efficacious vectors, and develop robust, scalable and cost-effective production platforms for industrialization. This review will focus on major innovations in viral vector design and production systems for three of the most widely used viral vectors: Adenovirus, Adeno-Associated Virus, and Lentivirus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Sharon
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amine Kamen
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Vujadinovic M, Wunderlich K, Callendret B, Koning M, Vermeulen M, Sanders B, van der Helm E, Gecgel A, Spek D, de Boer K, Stalknecht M, Serroyen J, Grazia Pau M, Schuitemaker H, Zahn R, Custers J, Vellinga J. Adenoviral Type 35 and 26 Vectors with a Bidirectional Expression Cassette in the E1 Region Show an Improved Genetic Stability Profile and Potent Transgene-Specific Immune Response. Hum Gene Ther 2017; 29:337-351. [PMID: 28816084 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic vaccines based on replication-incompetent adenoviral (AdV) vectors are currently in clinical development. Monovalent AdV vectors express one antigen from an expression cassette placed in most cases in the E1 region. For many vaccines, inclusion of several antigens is necessary in order to raise protective immunity and/or target more than one pathogen or pathogen strain. On the basis of the current technology, a mix of several monovalent vectors can be employed. However, a mix of the standard monovalent AdV vectors may not be optimal with respect to manufacturing costs and the final dose per vector in humans. Alternatively, a variety of bivalent recombinant AdV vector approaches is described in the literature. It remains unclear whether all strategies are equally suitable for clinical development while preserving all the beneficial properties of the monovalent AdV (e.g., immunogenic potency). Therefore, a thorough assessment of different bivalent AdV strategies was performed in a head-to-head fashion compared with the monovalent benchmark. The vectors were tested for rescue efficiency, genetic stability, transgene expression, and potency to induce transgene-specific immune responses. We report that the vector expressing multiple antigens from a bidirectional expression cassette in E1 shows a better genetic stability profile and a potent transgene-specific immune response compared with the other tested bivalent vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marija Vujadinovic
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Wunderlich
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Benoit Callendret
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marina Koning
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Vermeulen
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara Sanders
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Esmeralda van der Helm
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Adile Gecgel
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk Spek
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Karin de Boer
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Masha Stalknecht
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Serroyen
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Grazia Pau
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hanneke Schuitemaker
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Roland Zahn
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jerome Custers
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jort Vellinga
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson , Leiden, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Assessment of Specificity of an Adenovirus Targeted to HER3/4. Methods Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 28791648 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7219-7_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Gene therapy with viral vectors, such as adenovirus (Ad), targeted to the human epidermal growth factor receptors 3 and 4 (HER3/4) are potentially useful for cancer therapy. Testing the expression of a reporter gene from these viruses in target cells is essential to determine functionality of the targeted virus. A competition assay with a relevant ligand (heregulin, HRG) can provide convincing evidence that blocking binding to the HER3/4 receptor results in decreased reporter gene expression. Labeling individual viruses with a fluorescent molecule allows examination of the targeted virus in specific steps in the infection. Virus internalization into cell lines can be determined using antibody-labeled receptors, and the virus colocalization with receptors can also be visualized. Characterization of a targeted virus in this fashion is important to demonstrate that the targeting of the virus functions in an expected manner, and provides support for larger-scale testing of the virus. Information acquired in these experiments may also be useful to inform and improve on the design of future targeted viruses.
Collapse
|
47
|
Lee CS, Bishop ES, Zhang R, Yu X, Farina EM, Yan S, Zhao C, Zeng Z, Shu Y, Wu X, Lei J, Li Y, Zhang W, Yang C, Wu K, Wu Y, Ho S, Athiviraham A, Lee MJ, Wolf JM, Reid RR, He TC. Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Delivery: Potential Applications for Gene and Cell-Based Therapies in the New Era of Personalized Medicine. Genes Dis 2017; 4:43-63. [PMID: 28944281 PMCID: PMC5609467 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With rapid advances in understanding molecular pathogenesis of human diseases in the era of genome sciences and systems biology, it is anticipated that increasing numbers of therapeutic genes or targets will become available for targeted therapies. Despite numerous setbacks, efficacious gene and/or cell-based therapies still hold the great promise to revolutionize the clinical management of human diseases. It is wildly recognized that poor gene delivery is the limiting factor for most in vivo gene therapies. There has been a long-lasting interest in using viral vectors, especially adenoviral vectors, to deliver therapeutic genes for the past two decades. Among all currently available viral vectors, adenovirus is the most efficient gene delivery system in a broad range of cell and tissue types. The applications of adenoviral vectors in gene delivery have greatly increased in number and efficiency since their initial development. In fact, among over 2,000 gene therapy clinical trials approved worldwide since 1989, a significant portion of the trials have utilized adenoviral vectors. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on the characteristics of adenoviral vectors, including adenoviral biology, approaches to engineering adenoviral vectors, and their applications in clinical and pre-clinical studies with an emphasis in the areas of cancer treatment, vaccination and regenerative medicine. Current challenges and future directions regarding the use of adenoviral vectors are also discussed. It is expected that the continued improvements in adenoviral vectors should provide great opportunities for cell and gene therapies to live up to its enormous potential in personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cody S. Lee
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Elliot S. Bishop
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ruyi Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xinyi Yu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Evan M. Farina
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Shujuan Yan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zongyue Zeng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yi Shu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xingye Wu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiayan Lei
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yasha Li
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Diagnostics, The Affiliated Yantai Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264100, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Sherwin Ho
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Aravind Athiviraham
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michael J. Lee
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jennifer Moriatis Wolf
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Russell R. Reid
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Blinov VM, Zverev VV, Krasnov GS, Filatov FP, Shargunov AV. Viral component of the human genome. Mol Biol 2017; 51:205-215. [PMID: 32214476 PMCID: PMC7089383 DOI: 10.1134/s0026893317020066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Relationships between viruses and their human host are traditionally described from the point of view taking into consideration hosts as victims of viral aggression, which results in infectious diseases. However, these relations are in fact two-sided and involve modifications of both the virus and host genomes. Mutations that accumulate in the populations of viruses and hosts may provide them advantages such as the ability to overcome defense barriers of host cells or to create more efficient barriers to deal with the attack of the viral agent. One of the most common ways of reinforcing anti-viral barriers is the horizontal transfer of viral genes into the host genome. Within the host genome, these genes may be modified and extensively expressed to compete with viral copies and inhibit the synthesis of their products or modulate their functions in other ways. This review summarizes the available data on the horizontal gene transfer between viral and human genomes and discusses related problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V M Blinov
- 1Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, 105064 Russia
| | - V V Zverev
- 1Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, 105064 Russia
| | - G S Krasnov
- 1Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, 105064 Russia.,2Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 111911 Russia.,3Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, 119121 Russia
| | - F P Filatov
- 1Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, 105064 Russia.,Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, 123098 Russia
| | - A V Shargunov
- 1Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, 105064 Russia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Fougeroux C, Holst PJ. Future Prospects for the Development of Cost-Effective Adenovirus Vaccines. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040686. [PMID: 28420073 PMCID: PMC5412272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the most efficient tools for disease prevention, and a continuously growing field of research. However, despite progress, we still need more efficient and cost-effective vaccines that would improve access to those in need. In this review, we will describe the status of virus-vectored vaccine technology with a focus on adenoviral-based vaccines. Adenovirus (Ad) vaccines have proven to be efficient in military vaccinations against Ad4 and Ad7 and as highly efficient vectored vaccines against rabies. The question of how other adenovirus-based vaccines can become as efficient as the rabies vaccine is the underlying theme in this review. Here, we will first give an overview of the basic properties of vectored vaccines, followed by an introduction to the characteristics of adenoviral vectors and previously tested modifications of the vector backbone and expression cassettes, with a focus on how they can contribute to increased vaccine cost-effectiveness. Finally, we will highlight a few successful examples of research that have attempted to improve the use of adenoviral-based vaccines by improving the transgene immunogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyrielle Fougeroux
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Copenhagen University, København K 1014, Denmark.
| | - Peter J Holst
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Copenhagen University, København K 1014, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Afkhami S, Yao Y, Xing Z. Methods and clinical development of adenovirus-vectored vaccines against mucosal pathogens. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2016; 3:16030. [PMID: 27162933 PMCID: PMC4847555 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2016.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviruses represent the most widely used viral-vectored platform for vaccine design, showing a great potential in the fight against intracellular infectious diseases to which either there is a lack of effective vaccines or the traditional vaccination strategy is suboptimal. The extensive understanding of the molecular biology of adenoviruses has made the new technologies and reagents available to efficient generation of adenoviral-vectored vaccines for both preclinical and clinical evaluation. The novel adenoviral vectors including nonhuman adenoviral vectors have emerged to be the further improved vectors for vaccine design. In this review, we discuss the latest adenoviral technologies and their utilization in vaccine development. We particularly focus on the application of adenoviral-vectored vaccines in mucosal immunization strategies against mucosal pathogens including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, flu virus, and human immunodeficiency virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam Afkhami
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yushi Yao
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhou Xing
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|