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Andreadi A, Lodeserto P, Todaro F, Meloni M, Romano M, Minasi A, Bellia A, Lauro D. Nanomedicine in the Treatment of Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7028. [PMID: 39000136 PMCID: PMC11241380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine could improve the treatment of diabetes by exploiting various therapeutic mechanisms through the use of suitable nanoformulations. For example, glucose-sensitive nanoparticles can release insulin in response to high glucose levels, mimicking the physiological release of insulin. Oral nanoformulations for insulin uptake via the gut represent a long-sought alternative to subcutaneous injections, which cause pain, discomfort, and possible local infection. Nanoparticles containing oligonucleotides can be used in gene therapy and cell therapy to stimulate insulin production in β-cells or β-like cells and modulate the responses of T1DM-associated immune cells. In contrast, viral vectors do not induce immunogenicity. Finally, in diabetic wound healing, local delivery of nanoformulations containing regenerative molecules can stimulate tissue repair and thus provide a valuable tool to treat this diabetic complication. Here, we describe these different approaches to diabetes treatment with nanoformulations and their potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Andreadi
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (P.L.); (F.T.); (M.M.); (A.B.); (D.L.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Pietro Lodeserto
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (P.L.); (F.T.); (M.M.); (A.B.); (D.L.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Federica Todaro
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (P.L.); (F.T.); (M.M.); (A.B.); (D.L.)
| | - Marco Meloni
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (P.L.); (F.T.); (M.M.); (A.B.); (D.L.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Maria Romano
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Alessandro Minasi
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Alfonso Bellia
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (P.L.); (F.T.); (M.M.); (A.B.); (D.L.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Davide Lauro
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (P.L.); (F.T.); (M.M.); (A.B.); (D.L.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (A.M.)
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Cai X, Dou R, Guo C, Tang J, Li X, Chen J, Zhang J. Cationic Polymers as Transfection Reagents for Nucleic Acid Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051502. [PMID: 37242744 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid therapy can achieve lasting and even curative effects through gene augmentation, gene suppression, and genome editing. However, it is difficult for naked nucleic acid molecules to enter cells. As a result, the key to nucleic acid therapy is the introduction of nucleic acid molecules into cells. Cationic polymers are non-viral nucleic acid delivery systems with positively charged groups on their molecules that concentrate nucleic acid molecules to form nanoparticles, which help nucleic acids cross barriers to express proteins in cells or inhibit target gene expression. Cationic polymers are easy to synthesize, modify, and structurally control, making them a promising class of nucleic acid delivery systems. In this manuscript, we describe several representative cationic polymers, especially biodegradable cationic polymers, and provide an outlook on cationic polymers as nucleic acid delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-Disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Dou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-Disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chen Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-Disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiaruo Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-Disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiajuan Li
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-Disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-Disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
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Zeynaloo E, Stone LD, Dikici E, Ricordi C, Deo SK, Bachas LG, Daunert S, Lanzoni G. Delivery of therapeutic agents and cells to pancreatic islets: Towards a new era in the treatment of diabetes. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 83:101063. [PMID: 34961627 PMCID: PMC11328325 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic islet cells, and in particular insulin-producing beta cells, are centrally involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. These cells are of paramount importance for the endocrine control of glycemia and glucose metabolism. In Type 1 Diabetes, islet beta cells are lost due to an autoimmune attack. In Type 2 Diabetes, beta cells become dysfunctional and insufficient to counterbalance insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. Therapeutic agents have been developed to support the function of islet cells, as well as to inhibit deleterious immune responses and inflammation. Most of these agents have undesired effects due to systemic administration and off-target effects. Typically, only a small fraction of therapeutic agent reaches the desired niche in the pancreas. Because islets and their beta cells are scattered throughout the pancreas, access to the niche is limited. Targeted delivery to pancreatic islets could dramatically improve the therapeutic effect, lower the dose requirements, and lower the side effects of agents administered systemically. Targeted delivery is especially relevant for those therapeutics for which the manufacturing is difficult and costly, such as cells, exosomes, and microvesicles. Along with therapeutic agents, imaging reagents intended to quantify the beta cell mass could benefit from targeted delivery. Several methods have been developed to improve the delivery of agents to pancreatic islets. Intra-arterial administration in the pancreatic artery is a promising surgical approach, but it has inherent risks. Targeted delivery strategies have been developed based on ligands for cell surface molecules specific to islet cells or inflamed vascular endothelial cells. Delivery methods range from nanocarriers and vectors to deliver pharmacological agents to viral and non-viral vectors for the delivery of genetic constructs. Several strategies demonstrated enhanced therapeutic effects in diabetes with lower amounts of therapeutic agents and lower off-target side effects. Microvesicles, exosomes, polymer-based vectors, and nanocarriers are gaining popularity for targeted delivery. Notably, liposomes, lipid-assisted nanocarriers, and cationic polymers can be bioengineered to be immune-evasive, and their advantages to transport cargos into target cells make them appealing for pancreatic islet-targeted delivery. Viral vectors have become prominent tools for targeted gene delivery. In this review, we discuss the latest strategies for targeted delivery of therapeutic agents and imaging reagents to pancreatic islet cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Zeynaloo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Logan D Stone
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Emre Dikici
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute - BioNIUM at University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Camillo Ricordi
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sapna K Deo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute - BioNIUM at University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Leonidas G Bachas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, FL, USA; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute - BioNIUM at University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sylvia Daunert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute - BioNIUM at University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Giacomo Lanzoni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute - BioNIUM at University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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Preisser TM, da Cunha VP, Santana MP, Pereira VB, Cara DC, Souza BM, Miyoshi A. Recombinant Lactococcus lactis Carrying IL-4 and IL-10 Coding Vectors Protects against Type 1 Diabetes in NOD Mice and Attenuates Insulitis in the STZ-Induced Model. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:6697319. [PMID: 33604389 PMCID: PMC7872750 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6697319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that culminates in beta cell destruction in the pancreas and, subsequently, deficiency in insulin production. Cytokines play a crucial role in the development of diabetes, orchestrating the recruitment and action of immune cells, to not only destroy insulin-producing cells but also preserve them. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of orally administered Lactococcus lactis MG1363 FnBPA+ strains carrying plasmids encoding IL-4 and IL-10 in the streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetes model and in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. The STZ-induced mice that were treated with combined bacterial strains carrying plasmids encoding IL-4 and IL-10 showed lower incidence of diabetes and more preserved pancreatic islets than the mice that received the individual bacterial strains. Combined administration of L. lactis MG1363 FnBPA+ (pValac::dts::IL-4) and L. lactis MG1363 FnBPA+ (pValac::IL-10) resulted in protection against diabetes in NOD mice. It was shown that the combined treatment with recombinant bacterial by oral route prevented hyperglycemia and reduced the pancreatic islets-destruction in NOD mice. In addition, increased levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in serum and pancreatic tissue revealed a systemic effect of the treatment and also favored an anti-inflammatory microenvironment. Reduced concentrations of IL-12 in pancreas were essential to the regulation of inflammation, resulting in no incidence of diabetes in treated NOD mice. Normal levels of intestinal sIgA after long-term treatment with the L. lactis strains carrying plasmids encoding IL-4 and IL-10 indicate the development of oral tolerance and corroborate the use of this potent tool of mucosal delivery. For the first time, L. lactis MG1363 FnBPA+ strains carrying eukaryotic expression vectors encoding IL-4 and IL-10 are tested in STZ-induced and NOD mouse models. Therefore, our study demonstrates this innovative strategy provides immunomodulatory potential for further investigations in T1D and other autoimmune diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Colon/immunology
- Colon/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/prevention & control
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/prevention & control
- Female
- Genetic Therapy
- Genetic Vectors
- Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/metabolism
- Insulin/blood
- Interleukin-10/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-10/blood
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-4/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-4/blood
- Interleukin-4/genetics
- Islets of Langerhans/immunology
- Islets of Langerhans/metabolism
- Islets of Langerhans/pathology
- Lactococcus lactis/genetics
- Lactococcus lactis/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane M. Preisser
- Laboratory of Genetic Technology, Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais ZIP/Post Code: 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Vanessa P. da Cunha
- Laboratory of Genetic Technology, Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais ZIP/Post Code: 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Mariana P. Santana
- Laboratory of Genetic Technology, Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais ZIP/Post Code: 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Vanessa B. Pereira
- Laboratory of Genetic Technology, Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais ZIP/Post Code: 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Denise C. Cara
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais ZIP/Post Code: 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Bianca M. Souza
- Laboratory of Genetic Technology, Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais ZIP/Post Code: 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Anderson Miyoshi
- Laboratory of Genetic Technology, Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais ZIP/Post Code: 31270-901, Brazil
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Miyazaki M, Obata Y, Abe K, Furusu A, Koji T, Tabata Y, Kohno S. Gene Transfer Using Nonviral Delivery Systems. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080602600603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In peritoneal dialysis, loss of peritoneal function is a major factor in treatment failure. The alterations in peritoneal function are related to structural changes in the peritoneal membrane, including peritoneal sclerosis with increased extracellular matrix. Although peritoneal sclerosis is considered reversible to some extent through peritoneal rest, which improves peritoneal function and facilitates morphological changes, there has been no therapeutic intervention and no drug against the development and progression of peritoneal sclerosis. Using recent biotechnological advances in genetic engineering, a strategy based on genetic modification of the peritoneal membrane could be a potential therapeutic maneuver against peritoneal sclerosis and peritoneal membrane failure. Before this gene therapy may be applied clinically, a safe and effective gene delivery system as well as the selection of a gene therapy method must be established. There are presently two kinds of gene transfer vectors: viral and nonviral. Viral vectors are used mainly as a gene delivery system in the field of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis research; however, they have several problems such as immunogenicity and toxicity. On the other hand, nonviral vectors have several advantages over viral vectors. We review here gene transfer using nonviral vector systems in the peritoneum: electroporation, liposomes, and cationized gelatin microspheres. In the field of peritoneal dialysis, gene therapy research using nonviral vectors is presently limited. Improvement in delivery methods together with an intelligent design of targeted genes has brought about large degrees of enhancement in the efficiency, specificity, and temporal control of nonviral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Miyazaki
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Histology, Kyoto, Japan
- Miyazaki-Furukawa Clinic, Nagasaki
| | - Yoko Obata
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Histology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsushige Abe
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Histology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Furusu
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Histology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takehiko Koji
- Cell Biology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kohno
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Histology, Kyoto, Japan
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Wang X, Coradin T, Hélary C. Modulating inflammation in a cutaneous chronic wound model by IL-10 released from collagen-silica nanocomposites via gene delivery. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:398-406. [PMID: 29337327 DOI: 10.1039/c7bm01024a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous chronic wounds remain a major clinical challenge which requires the development of novel wound dressings. Previously, we showed that collagen-silica nanocomposites consisting of polyethyleneimine (PEI)-DNA complexes associated with silica nanoparticles (SiNP), collagen hydrogel and 3T3 fibroblasts, can work as a local "cell factory". Indeed, the "in-gel" transfection leads to a sustained production and release of biomolecules. Herein, we further explored the possibility for nanocomposites to deliver interleukin-10 (IL-10), a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine, which favors tissue repair. Its anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated in an in vitro inflammation model carried out by LPS (lipopolysaccharide) activation of macrophages embedded in collagen gel. The IL-10 synthesis from nanocomposites was detected over one week in the range of 200-400 pg mL-1 and reached a maximum at day 5 without any observed cytotoxic effects. PEI10-SiNP outperformed free PEI10 and PEI25-SiNP, implying that the introduction of SiNP improved the transfection efficiency of low Mw of PEI. In addition, the structure and mechanical properties of collagen-silica nanocomposites were stable over one week. Subsequently, the ability of nanocomposites to modulate inflammation was tested in a 3D model of inflammation. The decrease of TNF-α and IL-1β gene expression by 20-80% indicated successful inhibition of inflammation by IL-10 released from nanocomposites. Taken together, the nanocomposites are capable of producing effective doses of IL-10 which inhibit the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines and favor the expression of wound healing cytokines. Therefore, the as-constructed 3D gene delivery system represents a promising strategy for the controlled release of therapeutic biomolecules favoring cutaneous wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Wang
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France.
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Lee M, Kim MJ, Oh J, Piao C, Park YW, Lee DY. Gene delivery to pancreatic islets for effective transplantation in diabetic animal. J IND ENG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kumar M, Coburn J, Kaplan DL, Mandal BB. Immuno-Informed 3D Silk Biomaterials for Tailoring Biological Responses. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:29310-29322. [PMID: 27726371 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages, the key players in immunoregulation, are actively involved in tissue remodelling and vascularization. Recent advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine illustrate the importance of "immuno-informed" biomaterials to regulate the microenvironment of biomedical implants. In the current study, silk-based 3D hydrogels were utilized to regulate cytokine delivery for macrophage, a type of immune cell, differentiation and polarization. Three different hydrogel variants, silk-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (SP), silk-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) (SH) and silk-sonicated (SS) hydrogels were studied. Hydrogels were loaded with the M1 and M2 polarizing cytokines interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4), respectively. Functional cytokine release and macrophage polarization studies were conducted using three cytokine exposure approaches: only cytokine encapsulation (macrophage in culture well), only macrophage encapsulation (cytokine in culture media) and cytokine with macrophage encapsulation. The extent of macrophage polarization by cytokine-eluting and macrophage-encapsulating hydrogels was investigated using gene expression analysis for C-C chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), cluster of differentiation 206 (CD206) and cluster of differentiation 209 (CD209). The released cytokines polarized macrophages from an M0 phenotype to an M1/M2 phenotype. Also, lineage committed M1/M2 macrophages could be "switched" to their M2/M1 counterparts (M1-to-M2 or M2-to-M1 transition) exhibiting their well-established plasticity. When macrophages were encapsulated in hydrogels, polarization could be induced to the lineage committed M1 or M2 phenotypes either in polarizing media or when coencapsulated with cytokines. Through this study, silk hydrogels demonstrated utility as a novel system for focal delivery of cytokines and macrophages as "immuno-informed" 3D silk-biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manishekhar Kumar
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG) , Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Jeannine Coburn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University , Medford, Massachusetts United States
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University , Medford, Massachusetts United States
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG) , Guwahati, 781039, India
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Shrestha N, Araújo F, Sarmento B, Hirvonen J, Santos HA. Gene-based therapy for Type 1 diabetes mellitus: viral and nonviral vectors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/dmt.14.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Lee YS, Kim SW. Bioreducible polymers for therapeutic gene delivery. J Control Release 2014; 190:424-39. [PMID: 24746626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Most currently available cationic polymers have significant acute toxicity concerns such as cellular toxicity, aggregation of erythrocytes, and entrapment in the lung capillary bed, largely due to their poor biocompatibility and non-degradability under physiological conditions. To develop more intelligent polymers, disulfide bonds are introduced in the design of biodegradable polymers. Herein, the sustained innovations of biomimetic nano-sized constructs with bioreducible poly(disulfide amine)s demonstrate a viable clinical tool for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, anemia, diabetes, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sook Lee
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA.
| | - Sung Wan Kim
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA; Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Tian H, Chen J, Chen X. Nanoparticles for gene delivery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:2034-2044. [PMID: 23630123 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201202485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanocarriers are a new type of nonviral gene carriers, many of which have demonstrated a broad range of pharmacological and biological properties, such as being biodegradable in the body, stimulus-responsive towards the surrounding environment, and an ability to specifically targeting certain disease sites. By summarizing some main types of nanocarriers, this Concept considers the current status and possible future directions of the potential clinical applications of multifunctional nanocarriers, with primary attention on the combination of such properties as biodegradability, targetability, transfection ability, and stimuli sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
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Fu Z, Yuskavage J, Liu D. Dietary flavonol epicatechin prevents the onset of type 1 diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:4303-9. [PMID: 23578364 PMCID: PMC3660227 DOI: 10.1021/jf304915h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the selective destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although successful islet transplantation provides a promising treatment, high cost, lack of donor organs, immune-mediated destruction of transplanted islets, and side effects from immunosuppressive drugs greatly limit its uses. Therefore, the search for novel and cost-effective agents that can prevent or ameliorate T1D is extremely important to decrease the burden of T1D. In this study, we discovered that epicatechin (EC, 0.5% in drinking water), a flavonol primarily in cocoa, effectively prevented T1D in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. At 32 weeks of age, 66.7% of control mice had overt diabetes, whereas only 16.6% of EC-treated mice became diabetic. Consistently, EC mice had significantly higher plasma insulin levels but lower glycosylated hemoglobin concentrations compared to control mice. EC had no significant effects on food or water intake and body weight gain in NOD mice, suggesting that EC's effect was not due to alterations in these variables. Treatment with EC elevates circulating anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 levels, ameliorates pancreatic insulitis, and improves pancreatic islet mass. These findings demonstrate that EC may be a novel, plant-derived compound capable of preventing T1D by modulating immune function and thereby preserving islet mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Fu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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Cabrera SM, Rigby MR, Mirmira RG. Targeting regulatory T cells in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Curr Mol Med 2012; 12:1261-72. [PMID: 22709273 PMCID: PMC3709459 DOI: 10.2174/156652412803833634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease resulting in islet β cell destruction, hypoinsulinemia, and severely altered glucose homeostasis. T1DM has classically been attributed to the pathogenic actions of auto-reactive effector T cells(Teffs) on the β cell. Recent literature now suggests that a failure of a second T cell subtype, known as regulatory T cells (Tregs), plays a critical role in the development of T1DM. During immune homeostasis, Tregs counterbalance the actions of autoreactive Teff cells, thereby participating in peripheral tolerance. An imbalance in the activity between Teff and Tregs may be crucial in the breakdown of peripheral tolerance, leading to the development of T1DM. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of Treg function in health and in T1DM, and examine the effect of experimental therapies for T1DM on Treg cell number and function in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne M. Cabrera
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Mark R. Rigby
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Raghavendra G. Mirmira
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
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Chen CK, Law WC, Aalinkeel R, Nair B, Kopwitthaya A, Mahajan SD, Reynolds JL, Zou J, Schwartz SA, Prasad PN, Cheng C. Well-defined degradable cationic polylactide as nanocarrier for the delivery of siRNA to silence angiogenesis in prostate cancer. Adv Healthc Mater 2012; 1:751-61. [PMID: 23184827 PMCID: PMC3634581 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined tertiary amine-functionalized cationic polylactides (CPLAs) are synthesized by thiol-ene click functionalization of an allyl-functionalized polylactide, and utilized for the delivery of interleukin-8 (IL-8) siRNA via CPLA-IL-8 siRNA nanoplexes. The CPLAs possess remarkable hydrolytic degradability, and their cytotoxicity is relatively low. The CPLA-IL-8 siRNA nanoplexes can be readily taken up by prostate cancer cells, resulting in significant IL-8 gene silencing. It is found that the degradability and cytotoxicity of CPLAs, as well as the transfection efficiency of the CPLA-IL-8 siRNA nanoplexes, positively correlate with the amine mol% of CPLAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Kuang Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Wing-Cheung Law
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Ravikumar Aalinkeel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo General Hospital, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Bindukumar Nair
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo General Hospital, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Atcha Kopwitthaya
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Supriya D. Mahajan
- Department of Medicine Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo General Hospital, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Jessica L. Reynolds
- Department of Medicine Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo General Hospital, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Jiong Zou
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Stanley A. Schwartz
- Department of Medicine Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo General Hospital Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Paras N. Prasad
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Chong Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
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Kim PH, Kim SW. Polymer-based delivery of glucagon-like Peptide-1 for the treatment of diabetes. ISRN ENDOCRINOLOGY 2012; 2012:340632. [PMID: 22701182 PMCID: PMC3369441 DOI: 10.5402/2012/340632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and its receptor agonist (exendin-4), are well known for glucose homeostasis, insulinotropic effect, and effects on weight loss and food intake. However, due to the rapid degradation of GLP-1 by dipeptidylpeptidase-IV (DPP-IV) enzyme and renal elimination of exendin-4, their clinical applications have been restricted. Although exendin-4 has longer half-life than GLP-1, it still requires frequent injections to maintain efficacy for the treatment of diabetes. In recent decades, various polymeric delivery systems have been developed for the delivery of GLP-1 and exendin-4 genes or peptides for their long-term action and the extra production in ectopic tissues. Herein, we discuss the modification of the expression cassettes and peptides for long-term production and secretion of the native peptides. In addition, the characteristics of nonviral or viral system used for a delivery of a modified GLP-1 or exendin-4 are described. Furthermore, recent efforts to improve the biological half-life of GLP-1 or exendin-4 peptide via chemical conjugation with various smart polymers via chemical conjugation compared with native peptide are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyung-Hwan Kim
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sung Wan Kim
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Abstract
Polylysine and its copolymers have been extensively used as nonviral polymeric gene carriers. Although polylysine on its own is toxic to cells, when polyethylene glycol is covalently linked to polylysine, toxicity is reduced and DNA transfection efficiency is increased. A degradable polylysine analog, polyaminobutyl glycolic acid, has been synthesized. Stearyl polylysine shows strong hydrophobic interactions with low-density lipoprotein and these components can be combined with DNA to form a "terplex" system that allows delivery of DNA to targeted cells and significant levels of transfection both in vitro and in vivo.
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Mandke R, Singh J. Cationic nanomicelles for delivery of plasmids encoding interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 for prevention of autoimmune diabetes in mice. Pharm Res 2011; 29:883-97. [PMID: 22076555 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0616-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the in vivo transfection efficiency of N-acyl derivatives of low-molecular weight chitosan (LMWC) to deliver pVIVO2-mIL4-mIL10 plasmid encoding interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in multiple, low-dose streptozotocin induced diabetic mouse model. METHODS N-acyl LMWC nanomicelles were characterized for size and charge. The pVIVO2-mIL4-mIL10/N-acyl LMWC polyplexes were injected intramuscularly in mice and compared for transfection efficiency with naked DNA and FuGENE® HD. Bicistronic pVIVO2-mIL4-mIL10 plasmid was compared with individual plasmids encoding IL-4 and IL-10 for efficacy. The levels of blood glucose and serum IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ were monitored. The ability of plasmid administration to protect from insulitis and biocompatibility of N-acyl LMWC were studied. RESULTS The N-acyl LMWC led to significantly higher (p < 0.05) expression of IL-4 and IL-10 and reduced the levels of blood glucose, TNF-α and IFN-γ, especially in animals treated with pVIVO2-mIL4-mIL10 plasmid. The pancreas of pDNA/N-acyl LMWC polyplex treated animals exhibited protection from insulitis and the delivery systems were found to be biocompatible. CONCLUSIONS N-acyl derivatives of LMWC are efficient and biocompatible gene delivery vectors, and the administration of bicistronic pVIVO2-mIL4-mIL10 plasmid polyplexes can protect the pancreatic islets from insulitis, possibly due to the synergistic effect of IL-4 and IL-10 encoding plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhishikesh Mandke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Nursing and Allied Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, USA
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Abstract
Several polymers were used to delivery genes to diabetic animals. Polyaminobutyl glycolic acid was utilized to deliver IL-10 plasmid DNA to prevent autoimmune insulitis of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. Polyethylene glycol grafted polylysine was combined with antisense glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) MRNA to represent GAD autoantigene expression. GLP1 and TSTA (SP-EX4) were delivered by bioreducible polymer to stop diabetic progression. Fas siRNA delivery was carried out to treat diabetic NOD mice animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Wan Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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Kim SW. Biomaterials to gene delivery. J Control Release 2011; 155:116-8. [PMID: 21457735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It has been over 40 years since I started biomaterials research. This article is a short summary of past research in my laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Wan Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, 20 South 2030 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5820, United States
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Tai N, Yasuda H, Xiang Y, Zhang L, Rodriguez-Pinto D, Yokono K, Sherwin R, Wong FS, Nagata M, Wen L. IL-10-conditioned dendritic cells prevent autoimmune diabetes in NOD and humanized HLA-DQ8/RIP-B7.1 mice. Clin Immunol 2011; 139:336-49. [PMID: 21458378 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study was to determine whether BMDCs cultured in the presence of IL-10 (G/10-DCs) could promote T cell tolerance and prevent autoimmune diabetes in two different animal models of T1D. Our results showed that G/10-DCs suppressed both insulitis and spontaneous diabetes in NOD and HLA-DQ8/RIP-B7.1 mice. The suppression was likely to be mediated by T cells, as we found that regulatory CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) cells were significantly increased in G/10-DC treated animals. In vivo, the G/10-DCs inhibited diabetogenic T cell proliferation; in vitro, they had reduced expression of costimulatory molecules and produced little IL-12/23 p40 or IL-6 but a large amount of IL-10 when compared with DCs matured in the presence of IL-4 (G/4-DC). We conclude that IL-10-treated DCs are tolerogenic and induce islet-directed immune tolerance, which was likely to be mediated by T regulatory cells. This non-antigen-specific DC-based approach offers potential for a new therapeutic intervention in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningwen Tai
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, USA
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Xiong YC, Yao YC, Zhan XY, Chen GQ. Application of polyhydroxyalkanoates nanoparticles as intracellular sustained drug-release vectors. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2010; 21:127-40. [PMID: 20040158 DOI: 10.1163/156856209x410283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), co-polyesters of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyhexanoate (PHBHHx), and polylactic acid (PLA) were used to prepare nanoparticles with average sizes of 160, 250 and 150 nm, respectively. A lipid-soluble colorant, rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RBITC), was employed to study drug-release behaviors from these nanoparticles. A high RBITC drug-loading efficiency of over 75% was achieved with all PHA nanoparticles prepared. Macrophage endocytosis led to an intracellular RBITC drug sustained release over a period of at least 20 days for PHB and PHBHHx nanoparticles, while PLA nanoparticles and free drug lasted only 15 days and a week, respectively. Polymer properties and particle sizes showed little effect on drug-release behavior. This study showed for the first time that PHB and PHBHHx can be used effectively to achieve intracellular controlled drug releases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cui Xiong
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, P. R. China
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Non-viral systemic delivery of Fas siRNA suppresses cyclophosphamide-induced diabetes in NOD mice. J Control Release 2010; 143:88-94. [PMID: 20004692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Revised: 11/08/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A membrane receptor, Fas (CD95), and its ligand FasL have been considered as key players in diabetes pathogenesis. They are known to mediate interactions between beta cells and cytotoxic T cells, which results in apoptotic cell death. We hypothesized that the interruption of Fas-FasL interactions by suppressing Fas expression in beta cells would affect the development of diabetes. The effect of Fas-silencing siRNA (Fas siRNA) on diabetes development was evaluated in a cyclophosphamide (CY)-accelerated diabetes animal model after intravenous administration using a polymeric carrier, polyethylenimine (PEI). The systemic non-viral delivery of Fas siRNA showed significant delay in diabetes incidence up to 40 days, while the control mice treated with naked Fas siRNA, scrambled dsRNA, or PBS were afflicted with diabetes within 20 days. The retardation of diabetes incidence after the treatment of Fas siRNA may be due to the delayed progression of the pancreatic insulitis. In this study, the potential use of a non-viral carrier based siRNA gene therapy for the prevention of type-1 diabetes is demonstrated.
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Byrne C, Sallas F, Rai DK, Ogier J, Darcy R. Poly-6-cationic amphiphilic cyclodextrins designed for gene delivery. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:3763-71. [PMID: 19707681 DOI: 10.1039/b907232b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new series of amphiphilic cyclodextrins containing cationic groups at the 6-positions and alkyl or biolabile ester groups at the 2-positions has been synthesised. Selective 2-O-allylation followed by photochemical addition of lipophilic thiols made it possible to control lipophilicity in these mesomolecules and allow solubility and self-assembly in water. The cationic groups are cysteamine-derived, while the alkyl and ester groups are C(1)-C(16) and benzyl ester groups. This is a new general synthetic route to a potentially wide range of polycationic cyclodextrins capable of acting as gene delivery vectors by condensing DNA and forming liquid crystalline complexes with oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Byrne
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Ollscoil na hEireann, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric E. Simanek
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
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26
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A specific drug targeting system based on polyhydroxyalkanoate granule binding protein PhaP fused with targeted cell ligands. Biomaterials 2008; 29:4823-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Poly (lactide-co-glycolide)-Polymethacrylate Nanoparticles for Intramuscular Delivery of Plasmid Encoding Interleukin-10 to Prevent Autoimmune Diabetes in Mice. Pharm Res 2008; 26:72-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-008-9710-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2008] [Accepted: 08/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Morille M, Passirani C, Vonarbourg A, Clavreul A, Benoit JP. Progress in developing cationic vectors for non-viral systemic gene therapy against cancer. Biomaterials 2008; 29:3477-96. [PMID: 18499247 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 568] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Initially, gene therapy was viewed as an approach for treating hereditary diseases, but its potential role in the treatment of acquired diseases such as cancer is now widely recognized. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in cancer and the development of nucleic acid delivery systems are two concepts that have led to this development. Systemic gene delivery systems are needed for therapeutic application to cells inaccessible by percutaneous injection and for multi-located tumor sites, i.e. metastases. Non-viral vectors based on the use of cationic lipids or polymers appear to have promising potential, given the problems of safety encountered with viral vectors. Using these non-viral vectors, the current challenge is to obtain a similarly effective transfection to viral ones. Based on the advantages and disadvantages of existing vectors and on the hurdles encountered with these carriers, the aim of this review is to describe the "perfect vector" for systemic gene therapy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Morille
- Inserm U646, Ingénierie de la Vectorisation Particulaire, Université d'Angers, 10, rue André Boquel, 49100 Angers, France
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Luten J, van Nostrum CF, De Smedt SC, Hennink WE. Biodegradable polymers as non-viral carriers for plasmid DNA delivery. J Control Release 2008; 126:97-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Tian C, Ansari MJI, Paez-Cortez J, Bagley J, Godwin J, Donnarumma M, Sayegh MH, Iacomini J. Induction of robust diabetes resistance and prevention of recurrent type 1 diabetes following islet transplantation by gene therapy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:6762-9. [PMID: 17982066 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.10.6762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) can be prevented in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice by reconstitution with autologous hemopoietic stem cells retrovirally transduced with viruses encoding MHC class II I-A beta-chain molecules associated with protection from the disease. In this study we examined whether a blockade of the programmed death-1 (PD-1)-programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) pathway, a major pathway known to control diabetes occurrence, could precipitate T1D in young NOD mice following reconstitution with autologous bone marrow retrovirally transduced with viruses encoding protective MHC class II I-A beta-chain molecules. In addition, we examined whether the expression of protective MHC class II alleles in hemopoietic cells could be used to prevent the recurrence of diabetes in mice with pre-existing disease following islet transplantation. Protection from the occurrence of T1D diabetes in young NOD mice by the expression of protective MHC class II I-A beta-chain molecules in bone marrow-derived hemopoietic cells was resistant to induction by PD-1-PD-L1 blockade. Moreover, reconstitution of NOD mice with pre-existing T1D autologous hemopoietic stem cells transduced with viruses encoding protective MHC class II I-A beta-chains allowed for the successful transplantation of syngeneic islets, resulting in the long-term reversal of T1D. Reversal of diabetes was resistant to induction by PD-1-PDL-1 blockade and depletion of CD25(+) T cells. These data suggest that expression of protective MHC class II alleles in bone marrow-derived cells establishes robust self-tolerance to islet autoantigens and is sufficient to prevent the recurrence of autoimmune diabetes following islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaorui Tian
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Lee M, Choi JS, Choi MJ, Pak YK, Rhee BD, Ko KS. DNA delivery to the mitochondria sites using mitochondrial leader peptide conjugated polyethylenimine. J Drug Target 2007; 15:115-22. [PMID: 17365282 DOI: 10.1080/10611860600953555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Some genetic diseases are associated with the defects of the mitochondrial genome. Direct DNA delivery to the mitochondrial matrix has been suggested as an approach for mitochondrial gene therapy for these diseases. We hypothesized that a mitochondrial leader peptide (LP) conjugated polyethylenimine (PEI) could deliver DNA to the mitochondrial sites. PEI-LP was synthesized by the conjugation of LP to PEI using disulfide bond. The complex formation of PEI-LP with DNA was confirmed by a gel retardation assay. In this study, DNA was completely retarded at a 0.4/1 PEI-LP/DNA weight ratio. In vitro delivery tests into isolated mitochondria or living cells were performed with rhodamin-labeled DNA and PEI-LP. In vitro cell-free delivery assay with isolated mitochondria showed that PEI-LP/DNA complexes were localized at mitochondria sites. Furthermore, the PEL-LP/DNA complexes were localized at the mitochondrial sites in living cells. However, a control carrier, PEI, did not show this effect. In addition, MTT assay showed that PEI-LP showed lower cytotoxicity than PEI. These results suggest that PEI-LP can deliver DNA to the mitochondrial sites and may be useful for the development of mitochondrial gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhyung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
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Shenoy DB, Amiji MM. An overview of condensing and noncondensing polymeric systems for gene delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 2007:pdb.top9. [PMID: 21357090 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTIONSelf-assembling synthetic vectors for DNA delivery are designed to fulfill several biological functions. They must be able to deliver their genetic payload specifically to the target tissue/cells in a site-specific manner, while protecting the genetic material from degradation by metabolic or immune pathways. Furthermore, they must exhibit minimal toxicity and be proven safe enough for therapeutic use. Ultimately, they must have the capability to express a therapeutic gene for a finite period of time in an appropriate, regulated fashion. The DNA encapsulated in these vectors may be in a condensed or noncondensed form, depending on the nature of the polymer and the technique used for formulating the vector system. The whole process presents many barriers at both tissue and cellular levels. Overcoming these hurdles is the principal objective for efficient polymer-based DNA therapeutics.
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Lam TN, Hunt CA. Applying models of targeted drug delivery to gene delivery. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS : ... ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2007; 2004:3535-8. [PMID: 17271053 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2004.1403994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gene delivery requires targeted delivery systems. Exploratory simulations using models of targeted drug delivery helps one assess the worthiness of such systems, and helps quantify the expected therapeutic benefits of the systems. The drug targeting index (DTI), a ratio of availabilities, is a measure of pharmacokinetic benefit of the delivery device, based on a combination of a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model and a single pharmacodynamic E<inf>max</inf>model. Pharmacodynamic outcomes are quantified by the degree of separation between the dose-response and dose-toxicity curves (SRT). Simulations are undertaken to investigate the potential linkage of DTI and SRT, a pharmacodynamic outcome. A significant positive linear relationship is found between the DTI and SRT. The relationship can be translated into a minimum pharmacokinetic requirement that can be used to guide making decisions regarding whether or not further pursue the development of a candidate gene-delivery device as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Ning Lam
- Biosystems Group, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences University of California, San Francisco, School of Pharmacy, CA 94143, USA
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Lee M, Park H, Youn J, Oh ET, Ko K, Kim S, Park Y. Interleukin-10 plasmid construction and delivery for the prevention of type 1 diabetes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1079:313-9. [PMID: 17130572 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1375.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Studies of animals with spontaneous autoimmune diabetes have revealed that autoreactive T cells that mediate islet beta cell destruction can be manipulated by the administration of Th(2) cytokines. In this article, the effect of interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene delivery was evaluated in vitro and in vivo with a novel IL-10 plasmid, pSI-IL-10-NFkappaB. In pSI-IL-10-NFkappaB, the expression of the IL-10 gene was driven by the SV40 promotor/enhancer. The nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) binding sites were also introduced to facilitate nuclear transport of the plasmid in the cell. In vitro transfection assay with pSI-IL-10-NFkappaB showed a similar expression level of IL-10 to the plasmid without NFkappaB binding sites (pSI-IL-10). pSI-IL-10-NFkappaB and pSI-IL-10 were intravenously injected into 5-week-old nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice using polyethylenimine (PEI) as a gene carrier. Both groups had persistent gene expression, longer than 5 weeks, and secreted the similarly high IL-10 serum levels. Interestingly, the degree of insulitis in the pSI-IL-10-NFkappaB group was improved over the pSI-IL-10 group, PEI-only group, and noninjected controls. The serum glucose levels showed that single injection of pSI-IL-10-NFkappaB prevented the development of diabetes in 100% of the pSI-IL-10-NFkappaB-injected animals (5/5), while that of pSI-IL-10 prevented diabetes in 40% of the treated animals (2/5). These results suggest that pSI-IL-10-NFkappaB with PEI can effectively reduce the incidence of insulitis and type 1 diabetes in NOD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhyung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University Hospital, 249-1 Kyomun-dong, Kuri, Kyunggi-do 471-020, Korea
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36
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Low Molecular Weight Polyethylenimine-Mitochondrial Leader Peptide Conjugate for DNA Delivery to Mitochondria. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2006. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2006.27.9.1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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37
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Lavigne MD, Górecki DC. Emerging vectors and targeting methods for nonviral gene therapy. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2006; 11:541-57. [PMID: 16939390 DOI: 10.1517/14728214.11.3.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, nonviral vectors were outside the mainstream of gene transfer technology. Recent problems in clinical trials using viral vectors renewed interest in these methods. The clinical usefulness of nonviral methods is still hindered by their relatively low gene delivery/transgene expression efficiencies. Vectors must navigate a series of obstacles before the therapeutic gene can be expressed. This review considers these barriers and the properties of components of nonviral vectors that are essential for nucleic acid transfer. Although developments of new physical methods (hydrodynamic delivery, ultrasound, electroporation) have made a significant impact on gene transfer efficiency, various chemical carriers (lipids and polymers) have been shown to achieve high-level gene delivery and functional expression. Success of nonviral gene targeting will depend not only on the efficacy, but also safety of this methodology, and this aspect is also discussed. Understanding problems associated with nonviral targeting can also help in designing better viral vectors. In fact, interplay between viral and nonviral technologies should lead to a continued refinement of both methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu D Lavigne
- University of Portsmouth, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, St. Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, UK
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38
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Abstract
The most intensively studied autoimmune disorder, type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1), has attracted perhaps the greatest interest for gene-based therapeutic and prophylactic interventions. The final clinical manifestation of this immunologically and genetically complex disease, the absence of insulin, is the major starting point for almost all the gene therapy modalities attempted to date. Insulin replacement by transplantation of islets of Langerhans or surrogate beta cells is the obvious choice, but the allogeneic nature of the transplants activates potent antidonor immunoreactivity necessitating gene and cell-based immunosuppressive strategies as an alternative to the toxic pharmacologic immunosuppressives indicated for classic solid organ transplants. Accumulating knowledge of the cellular mechanisms involved in onset, however, have yielded promising tolerance induction prophylactic approaches using genes and cells. Despite the early successes in a number of animal models, the true test of efficacy in humans remains to be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Giannoukakis
- Diabetes Institute, Pediatric Research Section, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh, Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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39
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40
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Pack DW, Hoffman AS, Pun S, Stayton PS. Design and development of polymers for gene delivery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2005; 4:581-93. [PMID: 16052241 DOI: 10.1038/nrd1775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1909] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The lack of safe and efficient gene-delivery methods is a limiting obstacle to human gene therapy. Synthetic gene-delivery agents, although safer than recombinant viruses, generally do not possess the required efficacy. In recent years, a variety of effective polymers have been designed specifically for gene delivery, and much has been learned about their structure-function relationships. With the growing understanding of polymer gene-delivery mechanisms and continued efforts of creative polymer chemists, it is likely that polymer-based gene-delivery systems will become an important tool for human gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Pack
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Box C-3, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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41
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Abstract
Polymeric gene delivery systems have been developed to overcome problems caused by viral carriers. They are low cytotoxic, have no size limit, are convenient in handling, of low cost and reproducible. A Terplex gene delivery system consisting of plasmid DNA, low density lipoprotein and hydropholized poly-L-lysine was designed and characterized. The plasmid DNA, when formulated with stearyl PLL and LDL, forms a stable and hydrophobicity/charge-balanced Terplex system of optimal size for efficient cellular uptake. DNA is still intact after the Terplex formation. This information is expected to be utilized for the development of improved transfection vector for in vivo gene therapy. Terplex DNA complex showed significantly longer retention in the vascular space than naked DNA. This system was used in the augmentation of myocardial transfection at an infarction site with the VEGF gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Wan Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
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42
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Tian C, Bagley J, Cretin N, Seth N, Wucherpfennig KW, Iacomini J. Prevention of type 1 diabetes by gene therapy. J Clin Invest 2004; 114:969-78. [PMID: 15467836 PMCID: PMC518667 DOI: 10.1172/jci22103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2004] [Accepted: 07/20/2004] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes in humans and NOD mice is determined by multiple genetic factors, among the strongest of which is the inheritance of diabetes-permissive MHC class II alleles associated with susceptibility to disease. Here we examined whether expression of MHC class II alleles associated with resistance to disease could be used to prevent the occurrence of diabetes. Expression of diabetes-resistant MHC class II I-Abeta chain molecules in NOD mice following retroviral transduction of autologous bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells prevented the development of autoreactive T cells by intrathymic deletion and protected the mice from the development of insulitis and diabetes. These data suggest that type 1 diabetes could be prevented in individuals expressing MHC alleles associated with susceptibility to disease by restoration of protective MHC class II expression through genetic engineering of hematopoietic stem cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Lineage
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/prevention & control
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/prevention & control
- Disease Susceptibility
- Female
- Genes, MHC Class II
- Genetic Therapy
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/physiology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Transgenic
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Retroviridae/genetics
- Retroviridae/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/physiology
- Transduction, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaorui Tian
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Wang J, Gao SJ, Zhang PC, Wang S, Mao HQ, Leong KW. Polyphosphoramidate gene carriers: effect of charge group on gene transfer efficiency. Gene Ther 2004; 11:1001-10. [PMID: 14985789 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cationic polymeric carriers have been widely used for gene delivery. However, the structure-function relationship, especially the effect of charge groups of cationic polymeric carriers on the transfection activity, is poorly understood. To examine this important parameter, a series of cationic polymers, polyphosphoramidates (PPAs) with an identical backbone, same side chain spacer, similar molecular weights but different charge groups containing primary to quaternary amino groups (PPA-EA, PPA-MEA, PPA-DMA and PPA-TMA, Figure 1) were synthesized. The DNA-binding affinity of these four PPAs increased in the order of PPA-EA<PPA-MEA<PPA-DMA approximately PPA-TMA. The cytotoxicity decreased in the order of PPA-EA>PPA-MEA>PPA-DMA>PPA-TMA. Particle size and zeta potential of four different types of PPA/DNA nanoparticles did not show significant correlation with PPA structure. These PPAs did not show significant buffering capacity within pH 5-7, even though transfection mediated by PPA-EA was the only one that seemed to be limited by endolysomal escape. Endocytosis of DNA mediated by PPAs was also similar (17-22%) for all four PPAs. However, the transfection efficiency of these PPAs varied significantly. In vitro transfection efficiency of PPAs decreased in the order of PPA-EA>PPA-MEA>PPA-DMA approximately PPA-TMA. Nanoparticles with PPA-EA containing primary amino groups gave the highest transfection efficiency in cell lines at the charge ratios from 6/1 to 20/1 (+/-). Matching the trend of transfection efficiency observed in vitro, PPA-EA mediated the highest transgene expression, comparable to that of polyethylenimine, in the spinal cord following intrathecal injection of the nanoparticles. These results establish that PPA gene carriers with primary amino group side chains are more potent than those with secondary, tertiary or quaternary amino groups in vitro and in the intrathecal gene delivery model.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Kok MR, Yamano S, Lodde BM, Wang J, Couwenhoven RI, Yakar S, Voutetakis A, Leroith D, Schmidt M, Afione S, Pillemer SR, Tsutsui MT, Tak PP, Chiorini JA, Baum BJ. Local adeno-associated virus-mediated interleukin 10 gene transfer has disease-modifying effects in a murine model of Sjögren's syndrome. Hum Gene Ther 2004; 14:1605-18. [PMID: 14633403 DOI: 10.1089/104303403322542257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Female nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice develop spontaneous autoimmune sialadenitis and loss of salivary flow, and are a widely used model of Sjögren's syndrome. We examined the feasibility of local salivary gland immunomodulatory gene delivery to alter these sequelae in NOD mice. We constructed recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors encoding either human interleukin 10 (rAAVhIL-10) or beta-galactosidase (rAAVLacZ, control vector). Mice received rAAVhIL-10 or rAAVLacZ by retrograde submandibular ductal instillation either at age 8 weeks (early, before onset of sialadenitis), or at 16 weeks (late, after onset of sialadenitis). As a systemic treatment control, separate mice received intramuscular delivery of rAAVhIL-10 at each time point. Both submandibular and intramuscular delivery of vector led to low circulating levels of hIL-10. After submandibular administration of rAAVhIL-10, salivary flow rates at 20 weeks for both the early and late treatment groups were significantly higher than for both rAAVLacZ-administered and untreated mice. Systemic delivery of rAAVhIL-10 led to improved salivary flow in the late treatment group. Inflammatory infiltrates in submandibular glands, however, were significantly reduced only in mice receiving rAAVhIL-10 locally in the salivary gland compared with mice receiving this vector intramuscularly, or rAAVLacZ or no treatment. In addition, after submandibular rAAVhIL-10 delivery, NOD mice exhibited significantly lower blood glucose, and higher serum insulin, levels than all other groups, indicating some systemic benefit of this treatment. These studies show that expression of hIL-10 by rAAV vectors can have disease-modifying effects in the salivary glands of NOD mice, and suggest that local immunomodulatory gene transfer may be useful for managing the salivary gland pathology in Sjögren's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc R Kok
- Gene Therapy and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Giannoukakis N, Trucco M. Current status and prospects for gene and cell therapeutics for type 1 diabetes mellitus. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2003; 4:369-80. [PMID: 14618022 DOI: 10.1023/a:1027306213563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nick Giannoukakis
- Department of Pathology and Diabetes Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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46
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Tarner IH, Slavin AJ, McBride J, Levicnik A, Smith R, Nolan GP, Contag CH, Fathman CG. Treatment of Autoimmune Disease by Adoptive Cellular Gene Therapy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2003; 998:512-9. [PMID: 14592922 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1254.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune disorders represent inappropriate immune responses directed at self-tissue. Antigen-specific CD4+ T cells and antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) are important mediators in the pathogenesis of auto-immune disease and thus are ideal candidates for adoptive cellular gene therapy, an ex vivo approach to therapeutic gene transfer. Using retrovirally transduced cells and luciferase bioluminescence, we have demonstrated that primary T cells, T cell hybridomas, and DCs rapidly and preferentially home to the sites of inflammation in animal models of multiple sclerosis, arthritis, and diabetes. These cells, transduced with retroviral vectors to drive expression of various "regulatory proteins" such as IL-4, IL-10, IL-12p40, and anti-TNF scFv, deliver these immunoregulatory proteins to the inflamed lesions, providing therapy for experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), and nonobese diabetic mice (NOD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo H Tarner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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47
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Kabanov AV, Okano T. Challenges in polymer therapeutics: state of the art and prospects of polymer drugs. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2003; 519:1-27. [PMID: 12675205 DOI: 10.1007/0-306-47932-x_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Kabanov
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6025, USA.
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48
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Bottino R, Lemarchand P, Trucco M, Giannoukakis N. Gene- and cell-based therapeutics for type I diabetes mellitus. Gene Ther 2003; 10:875-89. [PMID: 12732873 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus, an autoimmune disorder is an attractive candidate for gene and cell-based therapy. From the use of gene-engineered immune cells to induce hyporesponsiveness to autoantigens to islet and beta cell surrogate transplants expressing immunoregulatory genes to provide a local pocket of immune privilege, these strategies have demonstrated proof of concept to the point where translational studies can be initiated. Nonetheless, along with the proof of concept, a number of important issues have been raised by the choice of vector and expression system as well as the point of intervention; prophylactic or therapeutic. An assessment of the current state of the science and potential leads to the conclusion that some strategies are ready for safety trials while others require varying degrees of technical and conceptual refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bottino
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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49
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Abstract
Gene therapy has been applied in a variety of experimental models of autoimmunity with some success. In this article, we outline recent developments in gene therapy vectors, discuss advantages and disadvantages of each, and highlight their recent applications in autoimmune models. We also consider progress in vector targeting and components for regulating transgene expression, which will both improve gene therapy safety and empower gene therapy to fullfil its potential as a therapeutic modality. In conclusion, we consider candidate vectors that satisfy requirements for application in the principal therapeutic strategies in which gene therapy will be applied to autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Gould
- 1Bone & Joint Research Unit, Barts & The London, Queen Mary's Medical School, University of London, London, UK
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50
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Lee M, Ko KS, Oh S, Kim SW. Prevention of autoimmune insulitis by delivery of a chimeric plasmid encoding interleukin-4 and interleukin-10. J Control Release 2003; 88:333-42. [PMID: 12628339 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(03)00031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The combined administration of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression plasmids has demonstrated synergistic effects on the prevention of autoimmune diabetes. To this end, we constructed a co-expression 'chimeric' plasmid, pCMV-IL4-IL10, in which the expression of IL-4 and IL-10 was driven by two separate CMV immediate early promoters by using the biodegradable polymer, poly[alpha-(4-aminobutyl)-L-glycolic acid] (PAGA) as a gene carrier to optimize gene delivery. In vitro transfection assays of the chimeric plasmid in 293T cells showed higher expression levels as well as dose dependence than the single gene expression plasmids. To evaluate the in vivo efficacy of the chimeric plasmid, the pCMV-IL4-IL10/PAGA complex was intravenously injected into 4-week-old non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and compared to the co-administration group. While both groups had persistent gene expression longer than 5 weeks, the IL-4 and IL-10 serum levels of the chimeric group were higher than those in the co-administration group. Furthermore, the degree of insulitis in the chimeric group was improved over both the co-administration and non-injected control groups. These results suggest that the chimeric IL-4 and IL-10 expression plasmid can effectively reduce the incidence of autoimmune insulitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhyung Lee
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, 30 S 2000 East RM 201, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112-5820, USA
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