1
|
Abraham RS, Basu A, Heimall JR, Dunn E, Yip A, Kapadia M, Kapoor N, Satter LF, Buckley R, O'Reilly R, Cuvelier GDE, Chandra S, Bednarski J, Chaudhury S, Moore TB, Haines H, Dávila Saldaña BJ, Chellapandian D, Rayes A, Chen K, Caywood E, Chandrakasan S, Lugt MTV, Ebens C, Teira P, Shereck E, Miller H, Aquino V, Eissa H, Yu LC, Gillio A, Madden L, Knutsen A, Shah AJ, DeSantes K, Barnum J, Broglie L, Joshi AY, Kleiner G, Dara J, Prockop S, Martinez C, Mousallem T, Oved J, Burroughs L, Marsh R, Torgerson TR, Leiding JW, Pai SY, Kohn DB, Pulsipher MA, Griffith LM, Notarangelo LD, Cowan MJ, Puck J, Dvorak CC, Haddad E. Relevance of lymphocyte proliferation to PHA in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and T cell lymphopenia. Clin Immunol 2024; 261:109942. [PMID: 38367737 PMCID: PMC11018339 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.109942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is characterized by a severe deficiency in T cell numbers. We analyzed data collected (n = 307) for PHA-based T cell proliferation from the PIDTC SCID protocol 6901, using either a radioactive or flow cytometry method. In comparing the two groups, a smaller number of the patients tested by flow cytometry had <10% of the lower limit of normal proliferation as compared to the radioactive method (p = 0.02). Further, in patients with CD3+ T cell counts between 51 and 300 cells/μL, there was a higher proliferative response with the PHA flow assay compared to the 3H-T assay (p < 0.0001), suggesting that the method of analysis influences the resolution and interpretation of PHA results. Importantly, we observed many SCID patients with profound T cell lymphopenia having normal T cell proliferation when assessed by flow cytometry. We recommend this test be considered only as supportive in the diagnosis of typical SCID.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roshini S Abraham
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, OH, USA.
| | - Amrita Basu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer R Heimall
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Dunn
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alison Yip
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Malika Kapadia
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neena Kapoor
- Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Program, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Forbes Satter
- Pediatrics, Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca Buckley
- Departments of Pediatrics and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Richard O'Reilly
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Geoffrey D E Cuvelier
- Manitoba Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, CancerCare Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sharat Chandra
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey Bednarski
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sonali Chaudhury
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago-Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Theodore B Moore
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mattel Children's Hospital at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hilary Haines
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Blachy J Dávila Saldaña
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's National Hospital-George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Ahmad Rayes
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Intermountain Primary Childrens Hospital, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Karin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington-Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emi Caywood
- Nemours Children's Health Delaware, Thomas Jefferson University, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Shanmuganathan Chandrakasan
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Program, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Christen Ebens
- Division of Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Pierre Teira
- Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology Division, CHU Sainte-Justine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Evan Shereck
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Victor Aquino
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hesham Eissa
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology-BMT, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lolie C Yu
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology/HSCT, LSUHSC and Children's Hospital, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Alfred Gillio
- Institute for Pediatric Cancer and Blood Disorders, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Lisa Madden
- Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Texas Transplant Institute, Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Alan Knutsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Division, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ami J Shah
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth DeSantes
- American Family Children's Hospital, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jessie Barnum
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Larisa Broglie
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Avni Y Joshi
- Division of Pediatric and Adult Allergy and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gary Kleiner
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Holtz Children's Hospital at Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jasmeen Dara
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan Prockop
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caridad Martinez
- Pediatrics, Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Talal Mousallem
- Departments of Pediatrics and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joseph Oved
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauri Burroughs
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington-Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rebecca Marsh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Pharming Healthcare Inc, Warren, NJ, USA
| | - Troy R Torgerson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington-Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer W Leiding
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD and Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Johns Hopkins All Childrens Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Sung Yun Pai
- Immune Deficiency Cellular Therapy Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Donald B Kohn
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael A Pulsipher
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Intermountain Primary Childrens Hospital, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Linda M Griffith
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Morton J Cowan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Puck
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher C Dvorak
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elie Haddad
- Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology Division, CHU Sainte-Justine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sert B, Gulden G, Teymur T, Ay Y, Turan RD, Unaldi OM, Guzenge E, Erdil HE, Isik S, Oz P, Bozkurt I, Ozer S, Yurdakul T, Kamali O, Ovali E, Tarhan N, Tastan C. Enhancing CAR-T cells: unleashing lasting impact potential with phytohemagglutinin activation in in vivo leukemia model. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:387-396. [PMID: 38092962 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00709-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy holds great promise as an innovative immunotherapeutic approach for cancer treatment. To optimize the production and application of CAR-T cells, we evaluated the in vivo stability and efficacy capacities of CAR-T cells developed under different conditions. In this study, CAR-T cells were activated using Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or anti-CD3&anti-CD28 and were compared in an in vivo CD19+B-cell cancer model in mouse groups. Our results demonstrated that CAR-T cells activated with PHA exhibited higher stability and anti-cancer efficacy compared to those activated with anti-CD3&anti-CD28. Specifically, CAR19BB-T cells activated with PHA exhibited continuous proliferation and long-term persistence without compromising their anti-cancer efficacy. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed prolonged overall survival in the CAR-T cell-treated groups compared to the only tumor group. Furthermore, specific LTR-targeted RT-PCR analysis confirmed the presence of CAR-T cells in the treated groups, with significantly higher levels observed in the CAR19BB-T (PHA) group compared to other groups. Histopathological analysis of spleen, kidney, and liver tissue sections indicated reduced inflammation and improved tissue integrity in the CAR-T cell-treated groups. Our findings highlight the potential benefits of using PHA as a co-stimulatory method for CAR-T cell production, offering a promising strategy to enhance their stability and persistence. These results provide valuable insights for the development of more effective and enduring immunotherapeutic approaches for cancer treatment. CAR-T cells activated with PHA may offer a compelling therapeutic option for advancing cancer immunotherapy in clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berranur Sert
- Molecular Biology, Institute of Science and Technology, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Transgenic Cell Technologies and Epigenetic Application and Research Center (TRGENMER), Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gamze Gulden
- Molecular Biology, Institute of Science and Technology, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Transgenic Cell Technologies and Epigenetic Application and Research Center (TRGENMER), Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tarik Teymur
- Molecular Biology, Institute of Science and Technology, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Transgenic Cell Technologies and Epigenetic Application and Research Center (TRGENMER), Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasin Ay
- Molecular Biology, Institute of Science and Technology, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Transgenic Cell Technologies and Epigenetic Application and Research Center (TRGENMER), Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Raife Dilek Turan
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cell and Gene Therapy Excellence Center, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Onur Mert Unaldi
- Transgenic Cell Technologies and Epigenetic Application and Research Center (TRGENMER), Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elanur Guzenge
- Transgenic Cell Technologies and Epigenetic Application and Research Center (TRGENMER), Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hamza Emir Erdil
- Transgenic Cell Technologies and Epigenetic Application and Research Center (TRGENMER), Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevim Isik
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Stem Cell Studies Application and Research Center (USKOKMER), Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pinar Oz
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Neuropsychopharmacology Application and Research Center (NPFUAM) Neurochemıstry Laboratory Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Samed Ozer
- Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Animal Application and Research Center, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Tahire Yurdakul
- Molecular Biology, Institute of Science and Technology, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Stem Cell Studies Application and Research Center (USKOKMER), Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Osman Kamali
- Neuropsychopharmacology Application and Research Center (NPFUAM) Neurochemıstry Laboratory Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ercument Ovali
- Acıbadem Labcell Cellular Therapy Laboratory, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nevzat Tarhan
- NP Brain Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cihan Tastan
- Transgenic Cell Technologies and Epigenetic Application and Research Center (TRGENMER), Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gulden G, Sert B, Teymur T, Ay Y, Tiryaki NN, Mishra AK, Ovali E, Tarhan N, Tastan C. CAR-T Cells with Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) Provide Anti-Cancer Capacity with Better Proliferation, Rejuvenated Effector Memory, and Reduced Exhausted T Cell Frequencies. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020313. [PMID: 36851194 PMCID: PMC9962293 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of genetic modification techniques has led to a new era in cancer treatments that have been limited to conventional treatments such as chemotherapy. intensive efforts are being performed to develop cancer-targeted therapies to avoid the elimination of non-cancerous cells. One of the most promising approaches is genetically modified CAR-T cell therapy. The high central memory T cell (Tcm) and stem cell-like memory T cell (Tscm) ratios in the CAR-T cell population increase the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Therefore, it is important to increase the populations of CAR-expressing Tcm and Tscm cells to ensure that CAR-T cells remain long-term and have cytotoxic (anti-tumor) efficacy. In this study, we aimed to improve CAR-T cell therapy's time-dependent efficacy and stability, increasing the survival time and reducing the probability of cancer cell growth. To increase the sub-population of Tcm and Tscm in CAR-T cells, we investigated the production of a long-term stable and efficient cytotoxic CAR-T cell by modifications in the cell activation-dependent production using Phytohemagglutinin (PHA). PHA, a lectin that binds to the membranes of T cells and increases metabolic activity and cell division, is studied to increase the Tcm and Tscm population. Although it is known that PHA significantly increases Tcm cells, B-lymphocyte antigen CD19-specific CAR-T cell expansion, its anti-cancer and memory capacity has not yet been tested compared with aCD3/aCD28-amplified CAR-T cells. Two different types of CARs (aCD19 scFv CD8-(CD28 or 4-1BB)-CD3z-EGFRt)-expressing T cells were generated and their immunogenic phenotype, exhausted phenotype, Tcm-Tscm populations, and cytotoxic activities were determined in this study. The proportion of T cell memory phenotype in the CAR-T cell populations generated by PHA was observed to be higher than that of aCD3/aCD28-amplified CAR-T cells with similar and higher proliferation capacity. Here, we show that PHA provides long-term and efficient CAR-T cell production, suggesting a potential alternative to aCD3/aCD28-amplified CAR-T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Gulden
- Molecular Biology, Institute of Science and Technology, Üsküdar University, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
- Transgenic Cell Technologies and Epigenetic Application and Research Center (TRGENMER), Üsküdar University, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
| | - Berranur Sert
- Molecular Biology, Institute of Science and Technology, Üsküdar University, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
- Transgenic Cell Technologies and Epigenetic Application and Research Center (TRGENMER), Üsküdar University, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
| | - Tarik Teymur
- Transgenic Cell Technologies and Epigenetic Application and Research Center (TRGENMER), Üsküdar University, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Üsküdar University, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
| | - Yasin Ay
- Molecular Biology, Institute of Science and Technology, Üsküdar University, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
- Transgenic Cell Technologies and Epigenetic Application and Research Center (TRGENMER), Üsküdar University, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
| | - Nulifer Neslihan Tiryaki
- Transgenic Cell Technologies and Epigenetic Application and Research Center (TRGENMER), Üsküdar University, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Üsküdar University, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
| | - Abhinava K. Mishra
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Ercument Ovali
- Acıbadem Labcell Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| | - Nevzat Tarhan
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Üsküdar University, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
| | - Cihan Tastan
- Transgenic Cell Technologies and Epigenetic Application and Research Center (TRGENMER), Üsküdar University, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Üsküdar University, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lymphocyte Transformation Test Based on Lymphocyte Changes Observed by a Hematology Analyzer before and after Phytohemagglutinin Stimulation. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:5967429. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/5967429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Objective. The lymphocyte transformation test is a classical test for the detection of cellular immune function and is based on subjective judgment. In this study, we have established an objective novel lymphocyte transformation test using the hematology analyzer to observe lymphocyte transformation. Methods. Whole blood cells were cultured using a whole blood method with a lymphocyte culture medium; phytohemagglutinin was used to stimulate the experimental samples, and control was set up at the same time. After the whole blood cells were cultured, the number of lymphocytes in the two groups was observed using a hematology analyzer, and the conversion rate was calculated. The new method was used to observe differences in lymphocyte conversion in the peripheral blood of patients with hematopathy and healthy persons. Results. There were significant differences between the stimulated peripheral blood group and the blank group. The transformation rate of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with hematopathy was significantly lower than that in healthy persons; the difference was statistically significant (
). Conclusion. Lymphocyte transformation can be observed using a hematology analyzer. The lymphocyte transformation test that is based on the determination of lymphocyte count by a hematology analyzer has important clinical value.
Collapse
|
5
|
Papait A, Silini AR, Gazouli M, Malvicini R, Muraca M, O’Driscoll L, Pacienza N, Toh WS, Yannarelli G, Ponsaerts P, Parolini O, Eissner G, Pozzobon M, Lim SK, Giebel B. Perinatal derivatives: How to best validate their immunomodulatory functions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:981061. [PMID: 36185431 PMCID: PMC9518643 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.981061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal tissues, mainly the placenta and umbilical cord, contain a variety of different somatic stem and progenitor cell types, including those of the hematopoietic system, multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), epithelial cells and amnion epithelial cells. Several of these perinatal derivatives (PnDs), as well as their secreted products, have been reported to exert immunomodulatory therapeutic and regenerative functions in a variety of pre-clinical disease models. Following experience with MSCs and their extracellular vesicle (EV) products, successful clinical translation of PnDs will require robust functional assays that are predictive for the relevant therapeutic potency. Using the examples of T cell and monocyte/macrophage assays, we here discuss several assay relevant parameters for assessing the immunomodulatory activities of PnDs. Furthermore, we highlight the need to correlate the in vitro assay results with preclinical or clinical outcomes in order to ensure valid predictions about the in vivo potency of therapeutic PnD cells/products in individual disease settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Papait
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonietta Rosa Silini
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ricardo Malvicini
- Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Laboratorio de Regulación Génica y Células Madre, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maurizio Muraca
- Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lorraine O’Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Natalia Pacienza
- Laboratorio de Regulación Génica y Células Madre, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Wei Seong Toh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gustavo Yannarelli
- Laboratorio de Regulación Génica y Células Madre, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Peter Ponsaerts
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ornella Parolini
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Günther Eissner
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michela Pozzobon
- Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Institute of Medical Biology and Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang S, Black RG, Kohli K, Hayes BJ, Miller C, Koehne A, Schroeder BA, Abrams K, Schulte BC, Alexiev BA, Heimberger AB, Zhang A, Jing W, Ng JCK, Shinglot H, Seguin B, Salter AI, Riddell SR, Jensen MC, Gottschalk S, Moore PF, Torok-Storb B, Pollack SM. B7-H3 Specific CAR T Cells for the Naturally Occurring, Spontaneous Canine Sarcoma Model. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:999-1009. [PMID: 35405743 PMCID: PMC9381119 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
One obstacle for human solid tumor immunotherapy research is the lack of clinically relevant animal models. In this study, we sought to establish a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell treatment model for naturally occurring canine sarcomas as a model for human CAR T-cell therapy. Canine CARs specific for B7-H3 were constructed using a single-chain variable fragment derived from the human B7-H3-specific antibody MGA271, which we confirmed to be cross-reactive with canine B7-H3. After refining activation, transduction, and expansion methods, we confirmed target killing in a tumor spheroid three-dimensional assay. We designed a B7-H3 canine CAR T-cell and achieved consistently high levels of transduction efficacy, expansion, and in vitro tumor killing. Safety of the CAR T cells were confirmed in two purposely bred healthy canine subjects following lymphodepletion by cyclophosphamide and fludarabine. Immune response, clinical parameters, and manifestation were closely monitored after treatments and were shown to resemble that of humans. No severe adverse events were observed. In summary, we demonstrated that similar to human cancers, B7-H3 can serve as a target for canine solid tumors. We successfully generated highly functional canine B7-H3-specific CAR T-cell products using a production protocol that closely models human CAR T-cell production procedure. The treatment regimen that we designed was confirmed to be safe in vivo. Our research provides a promising direction to establish in vitro and in vivo models for immunotherapy for canine and human solid tumor treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shihong Zhang
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - R. Graeme Black
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Karan Kohli
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Brian J. Hayes
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Cassandra Miller
- Comparative Medicine, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Amanda Koehne
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Brett A. Schroeder
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kraig Abrams
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Brian C. Schulte
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Amy B. Heimberger
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ali Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Weiqing Jing
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Himaly Shinglot
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bernard Seguin
- Colorado State University, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Alexander I. Salter
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stanley R. Riddell
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Lyell Immunopharma, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael C. Jensen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Peter F. Moore
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Beverly Torok-Storb
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Seth M. Pollack
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Corresponding Author: Seth M. Pollack, Oncology, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior St. #3-115, Chicago, IL 60611. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xing J, Liu W, Tang X, Sheng X, Chi H, Zhan W. The Expression of CD28 and Its Synergism on the Immune Response of Flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus) to Thymus-Dependent Antigen. Front Immunol 2021; 12:765036. [PMID: 34858416 PMCID: PMC8631826 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.765036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CD28 is well known as a critical T-cell costimulatory receptor involved in T cell activation by binding to its ligands. In this study, CD28 was cloned, and its expression profiles were characterized in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus); variations of CD28+ cells after being stimulated with different types of antigens and the function of the CD28 costimulatory pathway on T-cell activation were investigated in vitro. fCD28 consists of four exons and three introns, and the full-length cDNA of fCD28 was 675-bp encoded 224 amino acids. The conserved motif (121TFPPPF126) binding to the CD80/86 ligand exists in the Ig-superfamily homology domain. The high expression of fCD28 is in gills, PBLs, head kidney, and spleen. CD28+ cells were co-localized with CD4+ T lymphocytes but not on IgM+ B lymphocyte cells. Moreover, the expression of CD28 was significantly varied in flounder after being stimulated by keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) at both the transcriptional and cellular levels, while no significant differences were observed between lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation and the control group. Notably, treatment of PBLs cultured in vitro with CD28 molecule-specific antibody (anti-CD28 Abs) and PHA produced more cell colonies and stimulated the proliferation of cultured leukocytes compared to PHA stimulation alone and the control group, and a higher level of IL-2 was detected in the culture medium. Meanwhile, anti-CD28 Abs increased the percent of CD28+ cells (10.41 ± 1.35%), CD4+ T lymphocytes (18.32 ± 2.15%), and CD28+/CD4+ double-positive cells (6.24 ± 1.52%). This effect also resulted in significant variations in the genes of cell membrane-bound molecules, cytokines, and related signaling pathways in cultured leukocytes, with significant changes in the genes of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) in the early stages of culture, and the expression of other molecules increased over time. These results proved the localization of the CD28 molecule on T lymphocytes in flounder, and anti-CD28 may act as the B7 ligand involved in T cell activation after antigen stimulation. These data provide a basis for a more in-depth study of the mechanism of the CD28 costimulatory pathway in T cell activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Heng Chi
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
The CD8+ T cell noncytotoxic antiviral response (CNAR) was discovered during studies of asymptomatic HIV-infected subjects more than 30 years ago. In contrast to CD8+ T cell cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) activity, CNAR suppresses HIV replication without target cell killing. This activity has characteristics of innate immunity: it acts on all retroviruses and thus is neither epitope specific nor HLA restricted. The HIV-associated CNAR does not affect other virus families. It is mediated, at least in part, by a CD8+ T cell antiviral factor (CAF) that blocks HIV transcription. A variety of assays used to measure CNAR/CAF and the effects on other retrovirus infections are described. Notably, CD8+ T cell noncytotoxic antiviral responses have now been observed with other virus families but are mediated by different cytokines. Characterizing the protein structure of CAF has been challenging despite many biologic, immunologic, and molecular studies. It represents a low-abundance protein that may be identified by future next-generation sequencing approaches. Since CNAR/CAF is a natural noncytotoxic activity, it could provide promising strategies for HIV/AIDS therapy, cure, and prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maelig G Morvan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Fernando C Teque
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Jay A Levy
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Manfredi F, Cianciotti BC, Potenza A, Tassi E, Noviello M, Biondi A, Ciceri F, Bonini C, Ruggiero E. TCR Redirected T Cells for Cancer Treatment: Achievements, Hurdles, and Goals. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1689. [PMID: 33013822 PMCID: PMC7494743 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) is a rapidly evolving therapeutic approach designed to harness T cell specificity and function to fight diseases. Based on the evidence that T lymphocytes can mediate a potent anti-tumor response, initially ACT solely relied on the isolation, in vitro expansion, and infusion of tumor-infiltrating or circulating tumor-specific T cells. Although effective in a subset of cases, in the first ACT clinical trials several patients experienced disease progression, in some cases after temporary disease control. This evidence prompted researchers to improve ACT products by taking advantage of the continuously evolving gene engineering field and by improving manufacturing protocols, to enable the generation of effective and long-term persisting tumor-specific T cell products. Despite recent advances, several challenges, including prioritization of antigen targets, identification, and optimization of tumor-specific T cell receptors, in the development of tools enabling T cells to counteract the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, still need to be faced. This review aims at summarizing the major achievements, hurdles and possible solutions designed to improve the ACT efficacy and safety profile in the context of liquid and solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Manfredi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Claudia Cianciotti
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Fondazione Centro San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Potenza
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Tassi
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Noviello
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Clinica Pediatrica Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Bonini
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Eliana Ruggiero
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Burgenson D, Linton J, Ge X, Kostov Y, Tolosa L, Szeto GL, Rao G. A Cell-Free Protein Expression System Derived from Human Primary Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:2188-2196. [PMID: 32698572 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Historically, some of the first cell-free protein expression systems studied in vitro translation in various human blood cells. However, because of limited knowledge of eukaryotic translation and the advancement of cell line development, interest in these systems decreased. Eukaryotic translation is a complex system of factors that contribute to the overall translation of mRNA to produce proteins. The intracellular translateome of a cell can be modified by various factors and disease states, but it is impossible to individually measure all factors involved when there is no comprehensive understanding of eukaryotic translation. The present work outlines the use of a coupled transcription and translation cell-free protein expression system to produce recombinant proteins derived from human donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) activated with phytohemagglutinin-M (PHA-M). The methods outlined here could result in tools to aid immunology, gene therapy, cell therapy, and synthetic biology research and provide a convenient and holistic method to study and assess the intracellular translation environment of primary immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Burgenson
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Jonathan Linton
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Xudong Ge
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Yordan Kostov
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Leah Tolosa
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Gregory L. Szeto
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Govind Rao
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Davis JM, Crowson CS, Knutson KL, Achenbach SJ, Strausbauch MA, Therneau TM, Matteson EL, Gabriel SE, Wettstein PJ. Longitudinal relationships between rheumatoid factor and cytokine expression by immunostimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis: New insights into B-cell activation. Clin Immunol 2020; 211:108342. [PMID: 31926330 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
To identify associations between immunostimulated cytokine production and disease characteristics, peripheral blood lymphocytes were collected from 155 adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) before and after a 5-year interval. The lymphocytes were activated in vitro with T-cell stimulants, cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) oligonucleotide, and medium alone (negative control). Expression of 17 cytokines was evaluated with immunoassays, and factor analysis was used to reduce data complexity and identify cytokine combinations indicative of cell types preferentially activated by each immunostimulant. The findings showed that the highest numbers of correlations were between cytokine levels and rheumatoid factor (RF) positivity and between cytokine levels and disease duration. Scores for cytokines driven by CpG and medium alone were negatively associated with RF positivity and disease duration at baseline but positively associated with both at 5 years. Our findings suggest that RF expression sustained over time increases activation of B cells and monocytes without requirements for T-cell functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John M Davis
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
| | - Cynthia S Crowson
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America; Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Keith L Knutson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
| | - Sara J Achenbach
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Michael A Strausbauch
- Immunochemical Core Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Terry M Therneau
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Eric L Matteson
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Sherine E Gabriel
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Peter J Wettstein
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Transcriptional gene silencing limits CXCR4-associated depletion of bone marrow CD34+ cells in HIV-1 infection. AIDS 2018; 32:1737-1747. [PMID: 29762163 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hematological abnormalities that include changes in bone marrow, such as in anemia and pancytopenia, are common among HIV-infected patients, particularly in the advanced stage of disease. Such abnormalities may be caused by a reduced bone marrow function for hematopoiesis. The aim of this study was to determine whether transcriptional gene silencing can help to preserve the hosts' hematopoietic potential in addition to peripheral CD4+ T cells against CCR5-tropic HIV infection. DESIGN NOD/SCID/JAK3null (NOJ) mice were transplanted with human cord-derived CD34+ cells with or without transduction with a lentiviral vector expressing a promoter-targeting shRNA called PromA. METHODS At 16 weeks after transplantation, mice engrafted with CD34+ cells were infected with CCR5-tropic HIV-1JRFL. RESULTS At week 2 postinfection, HIV replication was observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and splenocytes. In mice transplanted with unmanipulated CD34+ cells, viral replication was accompanied by a loss of peripheral/spleen CD4+CCR5+ T cells. Interestingly, bone marrow CD34+ cells in HIV-infected mice were also depleted, but in a CXCR4-associated manner. Conversely, the lentiviral transfer of PromA in CD34+ cells prior to transplantation rendered the humanized NOJ mice resistant to HIV replication in CD4+ T cells, resulting in better preservation of peripheral/spleen CD4+CCR5+ T cells and bone marrow CD34+ cells at 2 weeks after infection. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that stable gene transfer of PromA to hematopoietic stem cells not only limited HIV replication but also led to preservation of different subsets of hematopoietic cells, including bone marrow stem/progenitor cells and CD4+ T cells.
Collapse
|
13
|
α 4β 7+ CD4 + Effector/Effector Memory T Cells Differentiate into Productively and Latently Infected Central Memory T Cells by Transforming Growth Factor β1 during HIV-1 Infection. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.01510-17. [PMID: 29386290 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01510-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 transmission occurs mainly through mucosal tissues. During mucosal transmission, HIV-1 preferentially infects α4β7+ gut-homing CCR7- CD4+ effector/effector memory T cells (TEM) and results in massive depletion of these cells and other subsets of TEM in gut-associated lymphoid tissues. However, besides being eliminated by HIV-1, the role of TEM during the early stage of infection remains inconclusive. Here, using in vitro-induced α4β7+ gut-homing TEM (α4β7+ TEM), we found that α4β7+ TEM differentiated into CCR7+ CD4+ central memory T cells (TCM). This differentiation was HIV-1 independent but was inhibited by SB431542, a specific transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) receptor I kinase inhibitor. Consistently, TEM-to-TCM differentiation was observed in α4β7+ TEM stimulated with TGF-β1 (TGF-β). The TCM properties of the TGF-β-induced TEM-derived TCM (α4β7+ TCM) were confirmed by their enhanced CCL19 chemotaxis and the downregulation of surface CCR7 upon T cell activation in vitro Importantly, the effect of TGF-β on TCM differentiation also held in TEM directly isolated from peripheral blood. To investigate the significance of the TGF-β-dependent TEM-to-TCM differentiation in HIV/AIDS pathogenesis, we observed that both productively and latently infected α4β7+ TCM could differentiate from α4β7+ TEM in the presence of TGF-β during HIV-1 infection. Collectively, this study not only provides a new insight for the plasticity of TEM but also suggests that the TGF-β-dependent TEM-to-TCM differentiation is a previously unrecognized mechanism for the formation of latently infected TCM after HIV-1 infection.IMPORTANCE HIV-1 is the causative agent of HIV/AIDS, which has led to millions of deaths in the past 30 years. Although the implementation of highly active antiretroviral therapy has remarkably reduced the HIV-1-related morbidity and mortality, HIV-1 is not eradicated in treated patients due to the presence of latent reservoirs. Besides, the pathogenesis in CD4 T cells early after infection still remains elusive. Immediately after HIV-1 mucosal infection, CD4 T cells are preferentially infected and depleted. However, in addition to being depleted, the other roles of the CD4 T cells, especially the effector/effector memory T cells (TEM), in disease progression are not completely understood. The significance of this study is in revealing a novel mechanism for the formation of latently HIV-1-infected central memory CD4 T cells, a major latent reservoir from CD4 TEM after infection. Our findings suggest previously unrecognized roles of CD4 TEM in HIV-1 pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
14
|
Filippis C, Arens K, Noubissi Nzeteu GA, Reichmann G, Waibler Z, Crauwels P, van Zandbergen G. Nivolumab Enhances In Vitro Effector Functions of PD-1 + T-Lymphocytes and Leishmania-Infected Human Myeloid Cells in a Host Cell-Dependent Manner. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1880. [PMID: 29312350 PMCID: PMC5743744 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional impairment of T-cells and a concomitant augmented expression of programmed death-1 (PD-1) have been observed in visceral leishmaniasis patients, as well as in experimental models for visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. The PD-1/PD-1-ligand (PD-1/PD-L) interaction negatively regulates T-cell effector functions, which are required for parasite control during leishmaniasis. The aim of this study was to elucidate the impact of the PD-1/PD-L axis in a human primary in vitro infection model of Leishmania major (Lm). Blocking the PD-1/PD-L interaction with nivolumab increased T-cell proliferation and release of the proinflammatory cytokines TNFα and IFNγ during the cocultivation of Lm-infected human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs) or dendritic cells (hMDDC) with autologous PD-1+-lymphocytes. As a consequence Lm infection decreased, being the most pronounced in hMDDC, compared to proinflammatory hMDM1 and anti-inflammatory hMDM2. Focusing on hMDDC, we could partially reverse effects mediated by PD-1 blockade by neutralizing TNFα but not by neutralizing IFNγ. Furthermore, PD-1 blockade increased intracellular expression of perforin, granulysin, and granzymes in proliferating CD4+-T-cells, which might be implicated in reduction of Lm-infected cells. In all, our data describe an important role for the PD-1/PD-L axis upon Lm infection using a human primary cell system. These data contribute to a better understanding of the PD-1-induced T-cell impairment during disease and its influence on immune effector mechanisms to combat Lm infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katharina Arens
- Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | | | | | - Zoe Waibler
- Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Peter Crauwels
- Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Ger van Zandbergen
- Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany.,Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the anti-HIV-1 effects of vitamin D (VitD) have been reported, mechanisms behind such protection remain largely unexplored. METHODS The effects of two precursor forms (cholecalciferol/calciol at 0.01, 1 and 100 nM and calcidiol at 100 and 250 nM) on HIV-1 infection, immune activation, and gene expression were analyzed in vitro in cells of Colombian and Italian healthy donors. We quantified levels of released p24 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, of intracellular p24 and cell-surface expression of CD38 and HLA-DR by flow cytometry, and mRNA expression of antiviral and immunoregulatory genes by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Cholecalciferol decreased the frequency of HIV-1-infected p24CD4 T cells and levels of p24 in supernatants in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the CD4CD38HLA-DR and CD4CD38HLA-DR subpopulations were more susceptible to infection but displayed the greatest cholecalciferol-induced decreases in infection rate by an X4-tropic strain. Likewise, cholecalciferol at its highest concentration decreased the frequency of CD38HLA-DR but not of CD38HLA-DR T-cell subsets. Analyzing the effects of calcidiol, the main VitD source for immune cells and an R5-tropic strain as the most frequently transmitted virus, a reduction in HIV-1 productive infection was also observed. In addition, an increase in mRNA expression of APOBEC3G and PI3 and a reduction of TRIM22 and CCR5 expression, this latter positively correlated with p24 levels, was noted. CONCLUSIONS VitD reduces HIV-1 infection in T cells possibly by inducing antiviral gene expression, reducing the viral co-receptor CCR5 and, at least at the highest cholecalciferol concentration, by promoting an HIV-1-restrictive CD38HLA-DR immunophenotype.
Collapse
|
16
|
Acevedo GR, Longhi SA, Bunying A, Sabri N, Atienza A, Zago MP, Santos R, Judkowski VA, Pinilla C, Gómez KA. Methodological approach to the ex vivo expansion and detection of T. cruzi-specific T cells from chronic Chagas disease patients. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178380. [PMID: 28552984 PMCID: PMC5446171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of T cell epitopes is essential not only for gaining knowledge about host response to infectious disease but also for the development of immune-intervention strategies. In Chagas disease, given the size and complexity of the Trypanosoma cruzi proteome and its interaction with the host’s immune system, the fine specificity of T cells has not been extensively studied yet, and this is particularly true for the CD4+ T cell compartment. The aim of the present work was to optimize a protocol for the generation of parasite-specific memory T cell lines, representative of their in vivo precursor populations and capable of responding to parasite antigens after long-term culture. Accordingly, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from both chronic asymptomatic and cardiac patients, and from non-infected individuals, underwent different in vitro culture and stimulation conditions. Subsequently, cells were tested for their capacity to respond against T. cruzi lysate by measuring [3H]-thymidine incorporation and interferon-γ and GM-CSF secretion. Results allowed us to adjust initial T. cruzi lysate incubation time as well as the number of expansions with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and irradiated allogeneic PBMC prior to specificity evaluation. Moreover, our data demonstrated that parasite specific T cells displayed a clear and strong activation by using T. cruzi lysate pulsed, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed human B lymphocytes (B-LCL), as autologous antigen presenting cells. Under these culture conditions, we generated a clone from an asymptomatic patient’s memory CD4+ T cells which responded against epimastigote and trypomastigote protein lysate. Our results describe a culture method for isolating T. cruzi specific T cell clones from patients with Chagas disease, which enable the acquisition of information on functionality and specificity of individual T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo R. Acevedo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular “Héctor N. Torres” (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia A. Longhi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular “Héctor N. Torres” (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alcinette Bunying
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies (TPIMS), San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Nazila Sabri
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies (TPIMS), San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Augusto Atienza
- Hospital General de Agudos J.M. Ramos Mejia, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María P. Zago
- Instituto de Patología Experimental (IPE-UNSA), Salta, Argentina
| | - Radleigh Santos
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies (TPIMS), Port St. Lucie, Florida, United States of America
| | - Valeria A. Judkowski
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies (TPIMS), San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Clemencia Pinilla
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies (TPIMS), San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Karina A. Gómez
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies (TPIMS), San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Villanueva-Cabello TM, Mollicone R, Cruz-Muñoz ME, López-Guerrero DV, Martínez-Duncker I. Activation of human naïve Th cells increases surface expression of GD3 and induces neoexpression of GD2 that colocalize with TCR clusters. Glycobiology 2015; 25:1454-64. [PMID: 26263924 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T helper lymphocytes (Th) orchestrate the immune response after their activation by antigen-presenting cells. Activation of naïve Th cells is reported to generate the reduction in surface epitopes of sialic acid (Sia) in α2,3 and α2,6 linkages. In this work, we report that in spite of this glycophenotype, anti-CD3/anti-CD28-activated purified human naïve Th cells show a significant increase in surface Sia, as assessed by metabolic labeling, compared with resting naïve Th cells, suggesting an increased flux of Sia toward Siaα2,8 glycoconjugates. To understand this increase as a result of ganglioside up-regulation, we observed that very early after activation, human naïve Th cells show an increased expression in surface GD3 and neoexpression of surface GD2 gangliosides, the latter clustering with the T cell receptor (TCR). Also, we report that in contrast to GM2/GD2 synthase null mice, lentiviral vector-mediated silencing of the GM2/GD2 synthase in activated human naïve Th cells reduced efficient TCR clustering and downstream signaling, as assessed by proliferation assays and IL-2 and IL-2R expression, pointing to an important role of this enzyme in activation of human naive Th cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania M Villanueva-Cabello
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología Humana, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, México Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, México
| | - Rosella Mollicone
- INSERM U1197, Paris Sud Université XI, Paul Brousse Hôpital, Villejuif 94807, France
| | | | - Delia V López-Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Viral, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62350, México
| | - Iván Martínez-Duncker
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología Humana, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, México
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lamers CHJ, van Steenbergen-Langeveld S, van Brakel M, Groot-van Ruijven CM, van Elzakker PMML, van Krimpen B, Sleijfer S, Debets R. T cell receptor-engineered T cells to treat solid tumors: T cell processing toward optimal T cell fitness. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2015; 25:345-57. [PMID: 25423330 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2014.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapy with autologous T cells that have been gene-engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) or T cell receptors (TCR) provides a feasible and broadly applicable treatment for cancer patients. In a clinical study in advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients with CAR T cells specific for carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), we observed toxicities that (most likely) indicated in vivo function of CAR T cells as well as low T cell persistence and clinical response rates. The latter observations were confirmed by later clinical trials in other solid tumor types and other gene-modified T cells. To improve the efficacy of T cell therapy, we have redefined in vitro conditions to generate T cells with young phenotype, a key correlate with clinical outcome. For their impact on gene-modified T cell phenotype and function, we have tested various anti-CD3/CD28 mAb-based T cell activation and expansion conditions as well as several cytokines prior to and/or after gene transfer using two different receptors: CAIX CAR and MAGE-C2(ALK)/HLA-A2 TCR. In a total set of 16 healthy donors, we observed that T cell activation with soluble anti-CD3/CD28 mAbs in the presence of both IL15 and IL21 prior to TCR gene transfer resulted in enhanced proportions of gene-modified T cells with a preferred in vitro phenotype and better function. T cells generated according to these processing methods demonstrated enhanced binding of pMHC, and an enhanced proportion of CD8+, CD27+, CD62L+, CD45RA+T cells. These new conditions will be translated into a GMP protocol in preparation of a clinical adoptive therapy trial to treat patients with MAGE-C2-positive tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cor H J Lamers
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute , 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Gilham DE, Debets R, Pule M, Hawkins RE, Abken H. CAR-T cells and solid tumors: tuning T cells to challenge an inveterate foe. Trends Mol Med 2012; 18:377-84. [PMID: 22613370 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports on the impressive efficacy of adoptively transferred T cells to challenge cancer in early phase clinical trials have significantly raised the profile of T cell therapy. Concomitantly, general expectations are also raised by these reports, with the natural aspiration to deliver this therapy over a wide range of tumor indications. Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) endow T cell populations with defined antigen specificities that function independently of the natural T cell receptor and permit targeting of T cells towards virtually any tumor. Here, we review the current clinical application of CAR-T cells and relate clinical efficacy and safety of CAR-T cell trials to parameters considered critical for CAR engineering, classified as the three T's of CAR-T cell manipulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David E Gilham
- Clinical and Experimental Immunotherapy Group, School of Cancer and Enabling Sciences, The University of Manchester, Withington, Manchester M20 4BX, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Transient proteasome inhibition as a strategy to enhance lentiviral transduction of hematopoietic CD34(+) cells and T lymphocytes: implications for the use of low viral doses and large-size vectors. J Biotechnol 2011; 156:218-26. [PMID: 21933686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The proteasome system restricts lentiviral transduction of stem cells. We exploited proteasome inhibition as a strategy to enhance transduction of both hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and T lymphocytes with low dose or large-size lentiviral vectors (LV). HSC showed higher transduction efficiency if transiently exposed to proteasome inhibitor MG132 (41.8% vs 10.7%, p<0.0001). Treatment with MG132 (0.5 μM) retained its beneficial effect with 3 different LV of increasing size up to 10.9 Kb (p<0.01). We extended, for the first time, the application of proteasome inhibition to the transduction of T lymphocytes. A transient exposure to MG132 significantly improved lentiviral T-cell transduction. The mean percentage of transduced T cells progressively increased from 13.5% of untreated cells, to 21% (p=0.3), 30% (p=0.03) and 37% (p=0.01) of T lymphocytes that were pre-treated with MG132 at 0.1, 0.5 and 1 μM, respectively. MG132 did not affect viability or functionality of HSC or T cells, nor significantly increased the number of integrated vector copies. Transient proteasome inhibition appears as a new procedure to safely enhance lentiviral transduction of HSC and T lymphocytes with low viral doses. This approach could be useful in settings where the use of large size vectors may impair optimal viral production.
Collapse
|
22
|
Li Y, Kurlander RJ. Comparison of anti-CD3 and anti-CD28-coated beads with soluble anti-CD3 for expanding human T cells: differing impact on CD8 T cell phenotype and responsiveness to restimulation. J Transl Med 2010; 8:104. [PMID: 20977748 PMCID: PMC2987859 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-8-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ability to expand virus- or tumor-specific T cells without damaging their functional capabilities is critical for success adoptive transfer immunotherapy of patients with opportunistic infection or tumor. Careful comparisons can help identify expansion methods better suited for particular clinical settings and identify recurrent deficiencies requiring new innovation. Methods We compared the efficacy of magnetic beads coated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 (anti-CD3/CD28 beads), and soluble anti-CD3 plus mixed mononuclear cells (designated a rapid expansion protocol or REP) in expanding normal human T cells. Results Both anti-CD3/CD28 beads and soluble anti-CD3 promoted extensive expansion. Beads stimulated greater CD4 cell growth (geometric mean of 56- versus 27-fold (p < 0.01) at day 21) but both stimulated similar CD8 expansion (189- versus 186-fold). Phenotypically, bead-treated CD4 and CD8 T cells and anti-CD3-treated CD4 cells typically assumed an effector/effector memory phenotype by day 14. By comparison, a subset of anti-CD3-treated CD8 cells, derived from naïve cells, retained much greater expression of CD45RA, CD27 and CCR7, than matched bead-treated cells despite comparable expansion. These cells were clearly distinguishable from CD45RA+ terminally differentiated effector cells by the presence of CD27, the absence of CD57 and their inability to produce cytokines after stimulation. When used to expand previously stimulated cells, anti-CD3 plus autologous MNCs produced much less antigen-induced cell death of CD8 cells and significantly more CD8 expansion than beads. Conclusions Anti-CD3/CD28 beads are highly effective for expanding CD4 cells, but soluble anti-CD3 has significant potential advantages for expanding CD8 T cells, particularly where preservation of phenotypically "young" CD8 cells would be desirable, or where the T cells of interest have been antigen-stimulated in vitro or in vivo in the recent past.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mercier-Letondal P, Montcuquet N, Sauce D, Certoux JM, Jeanningros S, Ferrand C, Bonyhadi M, Tiberghien P, Robinet E. Alloreactivity of ex vivo-expanded T cells is correlated with expansion and CD4/CD8 ratio. Cytotherapy 2008; 10:275-88. [PMID: 18418773 DOI: 10.1080/14653240801927032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Background We have demonstrated previously that retroviral-mediated transfer of a suicide gene into bone marrow (BM) donor T cells allows an efficient control of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) after allogeneic BM transplantation. However, the 12 days of ex vivo culture required for the production of gene-modified cells (GMC), including soluble CD3 monoclonal antibody (MAb)-mediated activation and expansion with interleukin (IL)-2, induced a decrease of GMC alloreactivity and a reversal of their CD4/CD8 ratio. Improving the culture protocol in order to maintain the highest alloreactivity is of critical importance in obtaining an optimal graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were activated with soluble CD3 MAb or CD3 and CD28 MAb co-immobilized on beads and expanded for 12 days in the presence of IL-2, IL-7 or IL-15 before analysis of alloreactivity and phenotype. Results Replacing the CD3 MAb by CD3/CD28 beads led to similar in vitro alloreactivity but improved the expansion and in vivo alloreactivity of GMC. Replacing the IL-2 with IL-7, but not IL-15, or decreasing IL-2 or IL-7 concentrations, improved the in vitro alloreactivity of expanded cells but was associated with lower expansion. Indeed, the alloreactivity of expanded cells was negatively correlated with cell expansion and positively correlated with CD4/CD8 ratio and CD8 expression level. Discussion Quantitative (i.e. low CD4/CD8 ratio) and qualitative (e.g. low CD8 expression) defects may account for the decreased alloreactivity of GMC. Using CD3/CD28 beads and/or IL-7 is more beneficial than CD3 MAb and IL-2 for preventing perturbations of the alloreactivity and phenotype of GMC.
Collapse
|
24
|
Montcuquet N, Mercier-Letondal P, Perruche S, Duperrier A, Couturier M, Bouchekioua A, Bonyhadi M, Ferrand C, Tiberghien P, Robinet E. Regulatory T-cell expansion and function do not account for the impaired alloreactivity of ex vivo-expanded T cells. Immunology 2008; 125:320-30. [PMID: 18445006 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.02843.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CD3- and CD28-activated T cells expanded for 12 days ex vivo to produce suicide gene-modified T cells are hyporesponsive to alloantigens. To investigate whether this impaired alloreactivity is a result of preferential expansion of regulatory T (Treg) cells, we compared peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) activated with CD3 and CD28 antibodies co-immobilized on beads and expanded for 12 days with interleukin (IL)-2 (Co(CD3/CD28) cells) to the respective unactivated PBMC in terms of proliferation, cytokine production, and expression of Treg markers [cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor (GITR) and forkhead box P3 (FoxP3)] after allostimulation. Alloreactive cells were identified by carboxyfluoresceine succinimidyl ester staining dilution. Alloreactive cells in Co(CD3/CD28) cells had a lower proliferative response and a lower potential for IL-2 and interferon-gamma secretion than did those in PBMC, demonstrating a functional impairment of alloreactive cells during ex vivo expansion. Expression of Treg markers transiently increased during ex vivo expansion and was unaffected by depletion of CD25(+) cells (containing Treg cells) before ex vivo PBMC expansion. Such prior CD25(+) depletion did not restore the alloreactivity of Co(CD3/CD28) cells. After allostimulation, expression of Treg markers was restricted to proliferative (alloreactive) cells among PBMC or Co(CD3/CD28) cells. Lastly, CD4(+) CD25(+) cells purified from Co(CD3/CD28) cells lacked suppressive activity when used as a third party, in contrast to CD4(+) CD25(+) cells purified from PBMC. In conclusion, the impaired alloreactivity of T cells expanded ex vivo is not a result of preferential Treg cell expansion and/or enhanced suppressive Treg activity.
Collapse
|
25
|
Gómez-Icazbalceta G, Huerta L, Soto-Ramirez LE, Larralde C. Extracellular HIV-1 Nef protein modulates lytic activity and proliferation of human CD8+ T lymphocytes. Cell Immunol 2008; 250:85-90. [PMID: 18358457 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2008.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2007] [Revised: 01/01/2008] [Accepted: 01/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of extracellular HIV Nef (exNef) protein on the induction of lytic activity and proliferation of CD8+T lymphocytes from 18 donors was studied. At 10 ng/ml, exNef-induced a 2- to 8-fold enhancement of basal lytic activity in cells from all donors in an allogeneic induction assay, whereas it was ineffective at 100ng/ml. The extent of enhancement was inversely correlated with the basal level of lytic activity without exNef. Only in combination with PHA did both exNef concentrations stimulate proliferation, and in a manner inversely related to the effect of PHA alone. Thus, concentrations of exNef commonly found in sera of HIV-infected patients were found to modulate the induction of lytic activity and proliferation of CD8+ T lymphocytes in vitro, to an extent strongly dependent on the quite variable responsiveness of each donor. These findings point to Nef as a potential agent for modulating CD8+ T cell function in pathogenesis and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Gómez-Icazbalceta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, AP 70228, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, México.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Deschamps M, Robinet E, Certoux JM, Mercier P, Sauce D, De Vos J, Montcuquet N, Bonyhadi M, Rème T, Tiberghien P, Ferrand C. Transcriptome of retrovirally transduced CD8+ lymphocytes: Influence of cell activation, transgene integration, and selection process. Mol Immunol 2008; 45:1112-25. [PMID: 17825913 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2007] [Revised: 07/16/2007] [Accepted: 07/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A suicide gene introduced by retroviral means can allow in vivo control of alloreactivity mediated by donor gene-modified T cells (GMTC) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The present study establishes the transcriptomic profile of GMTC prepared according to the GMTC production process used in our clinical trial (activation/selection methods, CD3/NeoR), which was previously demonstrated to induce phenotypical and functional alterations. This transcriptomic profile was compared with that of GMTC prepared by a novel process (CD3-CD28/DeltaNGFR-MACS) that limits alterations. Using a human pan-genomic microarray and GeneSpring software, we determined the gene expression profiles of CD8+ T cells from four healthy donors before and after the different steps required for gene modification. This analysis revealed that the gene expression pattern of GMTC is affected mainly by the activation step. Specific analysis of GMTC production processes showed that DeltaNGFR-MACS selection combined with CD3-CD28 activation limits the aberrant expression of genes involved in immunological functions and apoptotic pathways. Furthermore, our results indicate a limited risk of oncogenesis associated with retroviral-mediated gene transfer in CD8+ cells, a lower perturbation of the cell cycle regulation pathway after CD3-CD28 activation than after CD3 activation, and no significant involvement of the DeltaNGFR transduction signaling pathway when DeltaNGFR is used for selection. Moreover, genes that might be targeted to limit T cell functional alterations after ex vivo manipulation and culture were identified. These findings should be relevant to further adoptive T cell immunotherapy trials using ex vivo-expanded, gene-modified or unmodified T cells.
Collapse
|
27
|
Kornblau SM, Aycox PG, Stephens C, McCue LD, Champlin RE, Marini FC. Control of graft-versus-host disease with maintenance of the graft-versus-leukemia effect in a murine allogeneic transplant model using retrovirally transduced murine suicidal lymphocytes. Exp Hematol 2007; 35:842-53. [PMID: 17577932 PMCID: PMC4075062 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2007.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Limited clinical trials have validated the hypothesis of controlling graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) arising from stem cell transplant utilizing suicidal T-lymphocytes that have been transduced to express the HSV-TK gene. However, clinical utility has been limited by diminished T-cell function arising from the production process. To evaluate strategies for harnessing the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect while improving the safety and function of suicidal lymphocytes, we have developed techniques to produce fully functional, retrovirally transduced, HSV-TK-positive murine T cells (TK+TC). METHODS Utilizing a murine major histocompatibility complex-matched transplant model, we evaluated the ability of TK+TC to generate a GVL effect and the ability to control GVHD in experiments where we varied the dose of TK+TC, ganciclovir (GCV) dose, the start of GCV administration (day 4, 7, 10, 13, 15, or 19) posttransplantation, and the GCV administration route (osmotic pump versus intraperitoneal). RESULTS At TK+TC doses in excess of the standard lethal dose (SLD) of unmanipulated T-cells, GCV administration completely (2 x SLD) and partially (4 x SLD) controlled GVHD. Additionally, GVHD remained reversible despite delaying administration of GCV for a week after GVHD developed. Importantly, GVHD was controlled with a 1-log but not 2-log reduction in GCV dose, and this "partial suicide" preserved more circulating TK+TC compared with standard-dose GCV. Survival of leukemia-positive mice receiving TK+TC and GCV was significantly increased compared with control cohorts not receiving GCV or transplanted with unmanipulated T cells, thereby demonstrating a GVL effect. CONCLUSION Retrovirally transduced suicidal lymphocytes generate a potent GVL effect while simultaneously enabling control of GVHD, which results in improved leukemia and GVHD-free survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Kornblau
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Unit 448, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Engels B, Uckert W. Redirecting T lymphocyte specificity by T cell receptor gene transfer – A new era for immunotherapy. Mol Aspects Med 2007; 28:115-42. [PMID: 17307249 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2006.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2006] [Accepted: 12/18/2006] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of adoptively transferred cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) has been demonstrated in clinical trials for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia, cytomegalovirus-mediated disease, and Epstein-Barr virus-positive B cell lymphomas. It is however limited by the difficulty of generating sufficient amounts of CTLs in vitro, especially for the treatment of solid tumors. Recent gene therapy approaches, including two clinical trials, successfully apply genetic engineering of T cell specificity by T cell receptor (TCR) gene transfer. In this review we want to elucidate several principles of the redirection of T cell specificity. We cover basic aspects of retroviral gene transfer, regarding transduction efficacy and transgene expression levels. It was demonstrated that the number of TCR molecules on a T cell is important for its function. Therefore, an efficient transfer system that yields high transduction efficiency and strong and stable transgene expression is a prerequisite to achieve effector function by redirected T cells. Furthermore, we consider more recent aspects of T cell specificity engineering. These include the possibility of co-transferring coreceptors to create for example functional T helper cells by engrafting CD4(+) T cells with a MHC class I restricted TCR and the CD8 coreceptor and vice versa. Also, risks related to the adoptive transfer of TCR gene-modified T cells and possible safety mechanisms are discussed. Finally, we summarize recent findings describing transferred TCRs capable of displacing endogenous TCRs from the cell surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Engels
- Humboldt-University Berlin, Institute of Biology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Gene Therapy, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, D-13092 Berlin, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jones DL, Sacks SH, Wong W. Controlling the generation and function of human CD8+ memory T cells in vitro with immunosuppressants. Transplantation 2007; 82:1352-61. [PMID: 17130785 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000241077.83511.be] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Memory T cells play a pivotal role in acute and chronic rejection of transplanted organs. Novel therapies such as alemtuzumab and the identification of heterologous memory have highlighted their importance following transplantation. Unlike naive T cells, the influence of immunosuppressive agents on the de novo generation of memory T cells and on the function of pre-existing memory T cells is poorly understood. METHOD CD8 effector memory T cells (Tem, CD45RA, CCR7) were generated by stimulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells for five days with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies, followed by nine days of rest. The influence of immunosuppression on this was assessed by flow cytometry. Tem that had been naturally formed in vivo were used to study the influence of the same agents on the function (intracellular interferon-gamma production) of Tem cells. RESULTS Whereas all the immunosuppressive agents tested inhibited the expansion of CD8 Tem population by influencing their proliferation and apoptosis, the calcineurin inhibitors were better at controlling their function. Furthermore, Tem generated despite the presence of tacrolimus were functional and did not exhibit drug resistance. CONCLUSIONS Immunosuppressive agents differ in their ability to control the generation and function of CD8 Tem; the calcineurin inhibitors being the most efficacious. This may be of importance when tailoring immunosuppressants for transplant recipients, particularly in those where there is pre-existing immunological memory or in those receiving T-cell depleting therapies, which skews the immune repertoire towards memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Jones
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, King's College London School of Medicine at Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ivanov R, Hagenbeek A, Ebeling S. Towards immunogene therapy of hematological malignancies. Exp Hematol 2006; 34:251-63. [PMID: 16543059 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2005.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2005] [Revised: 10/10/2005] [Accepted: 10/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Ivanov
- Jordan Laboratory for Haemato-Oncology, Department of Haematology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Robinet E, Fehse B, Ebeling S, Sauce D, Ferrand C, Tiberghien P. Improving the ex vivo retroviral-mediated suicide-gene transfer process in T lymphocytes to preserve immune function. Cytotherapy 2005; 7:150-7. [PMID: 16040394 DOI: 10.1080/14653240510018190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The retroviral-mediated transfer of a suicide gene into donor T cells has been proposed as a method to control alloreactivity after hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation. Gene-modified cells (GMC) may be infused into the patient either at the time of transplantation, together with a T-cell depleted HSC graft, or after transplantation, as a donor lymphocyte infusion. Administration of a so-called pro-drug activating the "suicide" mechanism only after occurrence of GvHD should selectively destroy the alloreactive GMC in vivo, eventually leading to GvHD abrogation. Although phase I-II clinical trials provided vital proof of the principle of GvHD control by suicide-gene therapy, this approach is still suboptimal. Indeed, current gene transfer strategies rely on gamma-retroviral vectors that require extensive T-cell activation and expansion for efficient transduction. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that the activation, cell expansion, transduction and selection steps lead to TCR repertoire alterations and impairment of crucial T-cell functions, such as alloreactivity and anti-EBV reactivity. Thus, improvements of the suicide-gene transfer processes are required in order to preserve T-cell function. This could be achieved by using CD3/CD28 co-stimulation and immunomagnetic selection of transduced cells. In future clinical trials, lentiviral vectors may prove to be a better alternative to gamma-retroviral-mediated gene transfer, by reducing the need for prolonged ex vivo culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Robinet
- INSERM U645-UPRES EA2284, EFS Bourgogne/Franche-Comté, 1 boulevard A. Fleming, IFR 133, 25020 Besançon Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rossig C, Brenner MK. Genetic modification of T lymphocytes for adoptive immunotherapy. Mol Ther 2005; 10:5-18. [PMID: 15233937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2004.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2004] [Accepted: 04/26/2004] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of T lymphocytes is a promising therapy for malignancies-particularly of the hemopoietic system-and for otherwise intractable viral diseases. Efforts to broaden the approach have been limited by the physiology of the T cells themselves and by a range of immune evasion mechanisms developed by tumor cells. In this review we show how genetic modification of T cells is being used preclinically and in patients to overcome these limitations, by incorporation of novel receptors, resistance mechanisms, and control genes. We also discuss how the increasing safety and effectiveness of gene transfer technologies will lead to an increase in the use of gene-modified T cells for the treatment of a wider range of disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Rossig
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Muenster, 48129 Muenster, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dermime S, Gilham DE, Shaw DM, Davidson EJ, Meziane EK, Armstrong A, Hawkins RE, Stern PL. Vaccine and antibody-directed T cell tumour immunotherapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2004; 1704:11-35. [PMID: 15238242 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2004.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2003] [Revised: 01/22/2004] [Accepted: 03/31/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Clearer evidence for immune surveillance in malignancy and the identification of many new tumour-associated antigens (TAAs) have driven novel vaccine and antibody-targeted responses for therapy in cancer. The exploitation of active immunisation may be particularly favourable for TAA where tolerance is incomplete but passive immunisation may offer an additional strategy where the immune repertoire is affected by either tolerance or immune suppression. This review will consider how to utilise both active and passive types of therapy delivered by T cells in the context of the failure of tumour-specific immunity by presenting cancer patients. This article will outline the progress, problems and prospects of several different vaccine and antibody-targeted approaches for immunotherapy of cancer where proof of principle pre-clinical studies have been or will soon be translated into the clinic. Two examples of vaccination-based therapies where both T cell- and antibody-mediated anti-tumour responses are likely to be relevant and two examples of oncofoetal antigen-specific antibody-directed T cell therapies are described in the following sections: (1) therapeutic vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) antigens in cervical neoplasia; (2) B cell lymphoma vaccines including against immunoglobulin idiotype; (3) oncofoetal antigens as tumour targets for redirecting T cells with antibody strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Said Dermime
- Immunology, Cancer Research UK Groups, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research and University of Manchester, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lamana ML, Bueren JA, Vicario JL, Balas A. Functional and phenotypic variations in human T cells subjected to retroviral-mediated gene transfer. Gene Ther 2004; 11:474-82. [PMID: 14724690 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The insertion of suicide genes in donor T lymphocytes constitutes the basis of new approaches aiming at the treatment of the graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a frequent complication in recipients of allogeneic haematopoietic grafts. In this study we investigated the impact that the ex vivo manipulation required for the retroviral transduction of T cells had on the functionality and differentiation of these cells. Compared to fresh T cells, samples that had been subjected to standard activation (1 microg/ml of both anti-CD3i and anti-CD28i MoAbs) followed by transduction with vectors encoding for the HSV-tk and tNGFR genes maintained the proliferative response to an allogeneic stimulus. These cells, however, had a significantly lower cytotoxic response to allogeneic cells compared to fresh samples. When the concentration of anti-CD3i was reduced to up to 1000-fold (1 ng/ml), similar T-cell transductions were obtained, while the cytotoxicity of the ex vivo manipulated samples was significantly recovered, when assessed either at 7 or 14 days of culture. In all instances, a similar functionality was observed in transduced samples not subjected to immunomagnetic cell sorting, compared to purified fractions enriched in NGFR(+) and NFGR(-) cells. The analysis of CD45RA and CCR7 markers in samples transduced under standard stimulatory conditions showed a differentiation of fresh CD8(+) CD45RA(+)/CCR7(+) naive cells to cells having a predominant central CD45RA(-)/CCR7(+) and effector CD45RA(-)/CCR7(-) memory phenotype. However, when samples were activated with low doses of anti-CD3i, a significant population of naive cells became apparent. Although activation with high doses of anti-CD3i/anti-CD28i resulted in a similar phenotype in both NGFR(+) and NFGR(-) populations, the naive population observed in samples activated with low concentrations of anti-CD3i was almost restricted to the NGFR(-) population. These results show that reducing the stimulation mediated by anti-CD3i in protocols of T-cell retroviral gene transfer significantly helps to preserve the cytotoxic capacity of these cells to allogeneic cells, without affecting the susceptibility of these cells to the retroviral vector. In addition, we observed that modulating the activation of transduced T cells implies the generation of changes in the differentiation of CD8(+) cells, although we could not establish a direct relationship between the CD45RA/CCR7 phenotype of these cells and their cytotoxic reactivity to an allogeneic stimulus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Lamana
- Hematopoietic Gene Therapy Program, CIEMAT/Fundación Marcelino Botín, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Serafini M, Manganini M, Borleri G, Bonamino M, Imberti L, Biondi A, Golay J, Rambaldi A, Introna M. Characterization of CD20-transduced T lymphocytes as an alternative suicide gene therapy approach for the treatment of graft-versus-host disease. Hum Gene Ther 2004; 15:63-76. [PMID: 14965378 DOI: 10.1089/10430340460732463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously proposed the CD20 molecule as a novel suicide gene for T lymphocytes in the context of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, because CD20 can be used both as a selection marker and as a killer gene after exposure to the anti-CD20 therapeutic antibody rituximab. We now report on preclinical studies using this novel system, in which the best transduction protocol, reproducibility, yield, feasibility, and functionality of the transduced T lymphocytes have been investigated with a large donor series. Wild-type human CD20 cDNA was transduced into human T lymphocytes, using a Moloney-derived retroviral vector. Alternative protocols were tested by employing either one or four spinoculations (in which cells are centrifuged in the presence of retroviral vector supernatant) and stimulating T cells with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or anti-CD3/CD28. One spinoculation alone was sufficient to obtain approximately 30% CD20-positive cells within four experimental days. Four spinoculations significantly increased transduction to 60%. A small difference in transduction efficiency was observed between the two stimulation methods, with PHA being superior to anti-CD3/CD28. Transduced cells could be purified on immunoaffinity columns, with purity reaching 98% and yield being on average 50%. Finally, 86-97% of immunoselected T lymphocytes could be killed in vitro with rituximab and complement. More importantly, the CD20 transgene did not alter the functionality of T lymphocytes with respect to allogeneic recognition and cytotoxic response, anti-Epstein-Barr virus cytotoxic response, antigenic response to tetanus toxoid antigen, interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, and interferon gamma production; chemotaxis in the presence of stromal cell-derived factor 1, phenotype for several activation markers including HLA-DR, CD25, CD69, and CD95, and T cell repertoire.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Serafini
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kramm CM. Alternative concepts of suicide gene therapy for graft-versus-host disease after adoptive immunotherapy. Acta Haematol 2003; 110:132-8. [PMID: 14583673 DOI: 10.1159/000072462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
T-cell suicide gene therapy represents a promising novel treatment strategy for graft-versus-host disease following adoptive immunotherapy after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The clinical efficiency of this approach is still hampered by several obstacles including induction of alloresponses due to the use of immunogenic suicide and selection genes, genetic inactivation of suicide genes, and functional immunological impairment after retroviral transduction with extensive in vitro stimulation. New concepts as possible solutions to these limitations are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christof M Kramm
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Orleans-Lindsay JK, Deru A, Craig JIO, Prentice HG, Lowdell MW. In vitro co-stimulation with anti-CD28 synergizes with IL-12 in the generation of T cell immune responses to leukaemic cells; a strategy for ex-vivo generation of CTL for immunotherapy. Clin Exp Immunol 2003; 133:467-75. [PMID: 12930376 PMCID: PMC1808782 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2003.02235.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence of an immune based graft-versus-leukaemia (GvL) effect highlighted the prospect of managing relapsed leukaemias with T cell-based adoptive immunotherapy. Thus, various strategies have been explored for the in vitro expansion of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)-specific T cells. In a popular approach, AML blasts have been genetically modified to express co-stimulatory molecules essential for effective T cell priming. One such tactic has been the modification of AML cells to express the B7/CD80 co-stimulatory molecule that binds to CD28 on T cells initiating events that culminate in enhanced cytokine production, proliferation and development of effector functions by T cells. The success of these strategies has been limited by difficulties in attaining sufficient transduction efficiencies and associated high levels of CD80 expression. We demonstrate that these problems can be circumvented by using anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody. Furthermore, we show that the synergistic relationship between CD80/CD28 pathway and interleukin 12 cytokine (IL-12), documented in the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) for solid tumours, also applies to AML. CD28/IL-12 synergy facilitated the proliferation of allogeneic T cells in response to stimulation with primary AML blasts. The synergy also favoured generation of a Th1-type immune response, evidenced by gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) secretion and facilitated naive and memory T cell proliferation. Unlike some methods of in vitro T cell expansion, use of CD28/IL-12 synergy left T cells in the physiologically appropriate CD45RA-/CCR7- subsets known to be associated with immediate cytotoxic functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J K Orleans-Lindsay
- Department of Haematology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|