1
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Leeuwis RHJ, Hall JR, Zanuzzo FS, Smith N, Clow KA, Kumar S, Vasquez I, Goetz FW, Johnson SC, Rise ML, Santander J, Gamperl AK. Climate change can impair bacterial pathogen defences in sablefish via hypoxia-mediated effects on adaptive immunity. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 156:105161. [PMID: 38521379 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Low-oxygen levels (hypoxia) in aquatic habitats are becoming more common because of global warming and eutrophication. However, the effects on the health/disease status of fishes, the world's largest group of vertebrates, are unclear. Therefore, we assessed how long-term hypoxia affected the immune function of sablefish, an ecologically and economically important North Pacific species, including the response to a formalin-killed Aeromonas salmonicida bacterin. Sablefish were held at normoxia or hypoxia (100% or 40% air saturated seawater, respectively) for 6-16 weeks, while we measured a diverse array of immunological traits. Given that the sablefish is a non-model organism, this involved the development of a species-specific methodological toolbox comprised of qPCR primers for 16 key immune genes, assays for blood antibacterial defences, the assessment of blood immunoglobulin (IgM) levels with ELISA, and flow cytometry and confocal microscopy techniques. We show that innate immune parameters were typically elevated in response to the bacterial antigens, but were not substantially affected by hypoxia. In contrast, hypoxia completely prevented the ∼1.5-fold increase in blood IgM level that was observed under normoxic conditions following bacterin exposure, implying a serious impairment of adaptive immunity. Since the sablefish is naturally hypoxia tolerant, our results demonstrate that climate change-related deoxygenation may be a serious threat to the immune competency of fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robine H J Leeuwis
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada.
| | - Jennifer R Hall
- Aquatic Research Cluster, CREAIT Network, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Fábio S Zanuzzo
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Nicole Smith
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Kathy A Clow
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Surendra Kumar
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Ignacio Vasquez
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Frederick W Goetz
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53204, USA
| | - Stewart C Johnson
- Pacific Biological Station, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Nanaimo, BC, V9T 6N7, Canada
| | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Javier Santander
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - A Kurt Gamperl
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
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2
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Hegarty BE, Gruenhagen GW, Johnson ZV, Baker CM, Streelman JT. Spatially resolved cell atlas of the teleost telencephalon and deep homology of the vertebrate forebrain. Commun Biol 2024; 7:612. [PMID: 38773256 PMCID: PMC11109250 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06315-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The telencephalon has undergone remarkable diversification and expansion throughout vertebrate evolution, exhibiting striking variations in structural and functional complexity. Nevertheless, fundamental features are shared across vertebrate taxa, such as the presence of distinct regions including the pallium, subpallium, and olfactory structures. Teleost fishes have a uniquely "everted" telencephalon, which has confounded comparisons of their brain regions to other vertebrates. Here we combine spatial transcriptomics and single nucleus RNA-sequencing to generate a spatially-resolved transcriptional atlas of the Mchenga conophorus cichlid fish telencephalon. We then compare cell-types and anatomical regions in the cichlid telencephalon with those in amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. We uncover striking transcriptional similarities between cell-types in the fish telencephalon and subpallial, hippocampal, and cortical cell-types in tetrapods, and find support for partial eversion of the teleost telencephalon. Ultimately, our work lends new insights into the organization and evolution of conserved cell-types and regions in the vertebrate forebrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna E Hegarty
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - George W Gruenhagen
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
| | - Zachary V Johnson
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Cristina M Baker
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jeffrey T Streelman
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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3
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Sun D, Du X, Su P. Molecular evolution of transcription factors AF4/FMR2 family member (AFF) gene family and the role of lamprey AFF3 in cell proliferation. Dev Genes Evol 2024:10.1007/s00427-024-00717-1. [PMID: 38733410 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-024-00717-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
AF4/FMR2 family member (AFF) proteins are a group of transcriptional regulators that can regulate gene transcription and play an important role in cellular physiological processes such as proliferation and differentiation. The transcriptome data of the lamprey spinal cord injury were analyzed in previous research. We then identified a hub gene, Lr-AFF3, from this dataset. Phylogenetic tree analysis determined the evolutionary relationships of the AFF gene family across different species. In addition, analysis of motifs, domains, and 3D structures further confirmed the conservatism of the AFF gene family. In particular, the gene structure of the AFF3 gene was not conserved, possibly because of intron insertion. It was also found that the neighboring genes of the Lr-AFF3 gene had a higher diversity than that in jawed vertebrates through synteny analysis. The results of the MTT and EdU experiments showed that the C-terminal homology domain (CHD) and N-terminal homology domain (NHD) of Lr-AFF3 promoted cell proliferation. In summary, our research will not only provide new insights into the origin and evolution of the AFF gene family in different species, but also provide new clues for the functions of Lr_AFF3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Difan Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Xinyu Du
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Peng Su
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.
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4
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Richman JA, Davis LR, Phelps MP. Gene Function is a Driver of Activin Signaling Pathway Evolution Following Whole-Genome Duplication in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Genome Biol Evol 2024; 16:evae096. [PMID: 38701021 PMCID: PMC11110936 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evae096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The genomes of plant and animal species are influenced by ancestral whole-genome duplication (WGD) events, which have profound impacts on the regulation and function of gene networks. To gain insight into the consequences of WGD events, we characterized the sequence conservation and expression patterns of ohnologs in the highly duplicated activin receptor signaling pathway in rainbow trout (RBT). The RBT activin receptor signaling pathway is defined by tissue-specific expression of inhibitors and ligands and broad expression of receptors and Co-Smad signaling molecules. Signaling pathway ligands exhibited shared expression, while inhibitors and Smad signaling molecules primarily express a single dominant ohnolog. Our findings suggest that gene function influences ohnolog evolution following duplication of the activin signaling pathway in RBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine A Richman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Leah R Davis
- College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael P Phelps
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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5
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Ricker B, Castellanos Franco EA, de los Campos G, Pelled G, Gilad AA. A conserved phenylalanine motif among Teleost fish provides insight for improving electromagnetic perception. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.04.588096. [PMID: 38617371 PMCID: PMC11014636 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.04.588096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Magnetoreceptive biology as a field remains relatively obscure; compared to the breadth of species believed to sense magnetic fields, it remains under-studied. Here, we present grounds for the expansion of magnetoreception studies among Teleosts. We begin with the electromagnetic perceptive gene (EPG) from Kryptopterus vitreolus and expand to identify 72 Teleosts with homologous proteins containing a conserved three-phenylalanine (3F) motif. Phylogenetic analysis provides insight as to how EPG may have evolved over time, and indicates that certain clades may have experienced a loss of function driven by different fitness pressures. One potential factor is water type with freshwater fish significantly more likely to possess the functional motif version (FFF), and saltwater fish to have the non-functional variant (FXF). It was also revealed that when the 3F motif from the homolog of Brachyhypopomus gauderio (B.g.) is inserted into EPG - EPG(B.g.) - the response (as indicated by increased intracellular calcium) is faster. This indicates that EPG has the potential to be engineered to improve upon its response and increase its utility to be used as a controller for specific outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Ricker
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI, USA
| | | | - Gustavo de los Campos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI, USA
- Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI, USA
| | - Galit Pelled
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI, USA
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Assaf A. Gilad
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI, USA
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Villarreal F, Burguener GF, Sosa EJ, Stocchi N, Somoza GM, Turjanski AG, Blanco A, Viñas J, Mechaly AS. Genome sequencing and analysis of black flounder (Paralichthys orbignyanus) reveals new insights into Pleuronectiformes genomic size and structure. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:297. [PMID: 38509481 PMCID: PMC10956332 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Black flounder (Paralichthys orbignyanus, Pleuronectiformes) is a commercially significant marine fish with promising aquaculture potential in Argentina. Despite extensive studies on Black flounder aquaculture, its limited genetic information available hampers the crucial role genetics plays in the development of this activity. In this study, we first employed Illumina sequencing technology to sequence the entire genome of Black flounder. Utilizing two independent libraries-one from a female and another from a male-with 150 bp paired-end reads, a mean insert length of 350 bp, and over 35 X-fold coverage, we achieved assemblies resulting in a genome size of ~ 538 Mbp. Analysis of the assemblies revealed that more than 98% of the core genes were present, with more than 78% of them having more than 50% coverage. This indicates a somehow complete and accurate genome at the coding sequence level. This genome contains 25,231 protein-coding genes, 445 tRNAs, 3 rRNAs, and more than 1,500 non-coding RNAs of other types. Black flounder, along with pufferfishes, seahorses, pipefishes, and anabantid fish, displays a smaller genome compared to most other teleost groups. In vertebrates, the number of transposable elements (TEs) is often correlated with genome size. However, it remains unclear whether the sizes of introns and exons also play a role in determining genome size. Hence, to elucidate the potential factors contributing to this reduced genome size, we conducted a comparative genomic analysis between Black flounder and other teleost orders to determine if the small genomic size could be explained by repetitive elements or gene features, including the whole genome genes and introns sizes. We show that the smaller genome size of flounders can be attributed to several factors, including changes in the number of repetitive elements, and decreased gene size, particularly due to lower amount of very large and small introns. Thus, these components appear to be involved in the genome reduction in Black flounder. Despite these insights, the full implications and potential benefits of genome reduction in Black flounder for reproduction and aquaculture remain incompletely understood, necessitating further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Villarreal
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas (IIB-CONICET-UNMdP), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Germán F Burguener
- Plataforma de Bioinformática Argentina, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Cálculo, UBA, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel J Sosa
- Plataforma de Bioinformática Argentina, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Cálculo, UBA, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN) CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolas Stocchi
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas (IIB-CONICET-UNMdP), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Gustavo M Somoza
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adrián G Turjanski
- Plataforma de Bioinformática Argentina, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Cálculo, UBA, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN) CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés Blanco
- Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
- Departamento de Zoología, Genética y Antropología Física, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Jordi Viñas
- Laboratori d'Ictiologia Genètica, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Campmany, 40, Girona, Spain
| | - Alejandro S Mechaly
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología (INBIOTEC-CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina.
- Fundación Para Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas (FIBA), Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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7
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Hu C, Zhang N, Hong Y, Tie R, Fan D, Lin A, Chen Y, Xiang LX, Shao JZ. Single-cell RNA sequencing unveils the hidden powers of zebrafish kidney for generating both hematopoiesis and adaptive antiviral immunity. eLife 2024; 13:RP92424. [PMID: 38497789 PMCID: PMC10948150 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate kidneys play two evolutionary conserved roles in waste excretion and osmoregulation. Besides, the kidney of fish is considered as a functional ortholog of mammalian bone marrow that serves as a hematopoietic hub for generating blood cell lineages and immunological responses. However, knowledge about the properties of kidney hematopoietic cells, and the functionality of the kidney in fish immune systems remains to be elucidated. To this end, our present study generated a comprehensive atlas with 59 hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) and immune-cells types from zebrafish kidneys via single-cell transcriptome profiling analysis. These populations included almost all known cells associated with innate and adaptive immunity, and displayed differential responses to viral infection, indicating their diverse functional roles in antiviral immunity. Remarkably, HSPCs were found to have extensive reactivities to viral infection, and the trained immunity can be effectively induced in certain HSPCs. In addition, the antigen-stimulated adaptive immunity can be fully generated in the kidney, suggesting the kidney acts as a secondary lymphoid organ. These results indicated that the fish kidney is a dual-functional entity with functionalities of both primary and secondary lymphoid organs. Our findings illustrated the unique features of fish immune systems, and highlighted the multifaced biology of kidneys in ancient vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongbin Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yun Hong
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Ruxiu Tie
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Dongdong Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Aifu Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Ye Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Disease, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouChina
| | - Li-xin Xiang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jian-zhong Shao
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina
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8
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Peng M, Félix RC, Canário AVM, Power DM. The physiological effect of polystyrene nanoplastic particles on fish and human fibroblasts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169979. [PMID: 38215851 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies have identified the detrimental effects for the biosphere of large plastic debris, the effect of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) is less clear. The skin is the first point of contact with NPs, and skin fibroblasts have a vital role in maintaining skin structure and function. Here, a comparative approach is taken using three fibroblast cell lines from the zebrafish (SJD.1), human male newborn (BJ-5ta) and female adult (HDF/TERT164) and their response to polystyrene NP (PS-NPs) exposure is characterized. Cells were exposed to environmentally relevant PS-NP sizes (50, 500 and 1000 nm) and concentrations (0.001 to 10 μg/ml) and their uptake (1000 nm), and effect on cell viability, proliferation, migration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (AP) determined. All fibroblasts took up PS-NPs, and a relationship between PS-NP particle size and concentration and the inhibition of proliferation and cell migration was identified. The inhibitory effect of PS-NPs on proliferation was more pronounced for human skin fibroblasts. The presence of PS-NPs negatively affected fibroblast migration in a time-, size- and concentration-dependent manner with larger PS-NPs at higher concentrations causing a more significant inhibition of cell migration, with human fibroblasts being the most affected. No major changes were detected in ROS production or apoptosis in NP challenged fibroblasts. While the ALP activity was increased in all fibroblast cell lines, only fish fibroblasts showed a significant increase in AP activity. The heterogeneous response of fibroblasts induced by PS-NPs was clearly revealed by the segregation of HDF, BJ.5ta and SJD.1 fibroblasts in principal component analysis. Our results demonstrate that PS-NP exposure adversely affected cellular processes in a cell-type and dose-specific manner in distinct fibroblast cell lines, emphasizing the need for further exploration of NP interactions with different cell types to better understand potential implications for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoxiao Peng
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Rute C Félix
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Adelino V M Canário
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; International Institution of Marine Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deborah M Power
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; International Institution of Marine Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Munley KM, Hoadley AP, Alward BA. A phylogenetics-based nomenclature system for steroid receptors in teleost fishes. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 347:114436. [PMID: 38141859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Teleost fishes have emerged as tractable models for studying the neuroendocrine regulation of social behavior via molecular genetic techniques, such as CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Moreover, teleosts provide an opportunity to investigate the evolution of steroid receptors and their functions, as species within this lineage possess novel steroid receptor paralogs that resulted from a teleost-specific whole genome duplication. Although teleost fishes have grown in popularity as models for behavioral neuroendocrinology, there is not a consistent nomenclature system for steroid receptors and their genes, which may impede a clear understanding of steroid receptor paralogs and their functions. Here, we used a phylogenetic approach to assess the relatedness of protein sequences encoding steroid receptor paralogs in 18 species from 12 different orders of the Infraclass Teleostei. While most similarly named sequences grouped based on the established phylogeny of the teleost lineage, our analysis revealed several inconsistencies in the nomenclature of steroid receptor paralogs, particularly for sequences encoding estrogen receptor beta (ERβ). Based on our results, we propose a nomenclature system for teleosts in which Greek symbols refer to proteins and numbers refer to genes encoding different subtypes of steroid receptors within the five major groups of this nuclear receptor subfamily. Collectively, our results bridge a critical gap by providing a cohesive naming system for steroid receptors in teleost fishes, which will serve to improve communication, promote collaboration, and enhance our understanding of the evolution and function of steroid receptors across vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew P Hoadley
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Beau A Alward
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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10
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Thorpe M, Akula S, Fu Z, Hellman L. The Extended Cleavage Specificity of Channel Catfish Granzyme-like II, A Highly Specific Elastase, Expressed by Natural Killer-like Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:356. [PMID: 38203526 PMCID: PMC10778636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The extended cleavage specificity of catfish granzyme-like II has been characterized using substrate phage display. The preference for particular amino acids at and surrounding the cleavage site was further validated by using a panel of recombinant substrates. This serine protease, which has previously been isolated as cDNA from a catfish natural killer-like cell line showed a preference for Ala in the P1 position of the substrate, and for multiple basic amino acids N-terminally of the cleavage site. A closely related zebrafish serine protease (zebrafish esterase-like) showed a very similar cleavage specificity, indicating an evolutionary conservation of this protease specificity among various fish species. Two catfish serine proteases, originating from NK-like cells, have now been isolated and characterized. One of them is highly specific met-ase with similar characteristics as the mammalian granzyme M. This enzyme may be involved in the induction of apoptosis in virus-infected cells, with a potential target in (catfish) caspase 6. In contrast to catfish granzyme-like I, the second enzyme analyzed here does not seem to have a direct counterpart in mammalian NK cells, and its role in the immune function of catfish NK cells is, therefore, still not known. However, this enzyme seems to be able to cleave a number of cytoskeletal proteins, indicating a separate strategy to induce apoptosis in target cells. Both of these enzymes are very interesting targets for further studies of their roles in catfish immunity, as enzymes with similar specificities have also been identified in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lars Hellman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.T.); (S.A.); (Z.F.)
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11
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Blanco M, Sanz N, Pérez-Martín RI, Sotelo CG. Deepening in the understanding of the role of collagen subunits on the differential molecular arrangement of P. glauca and M. merluccius marine collagens. Protein Expr Purif 2023; 212:106356. [PMID: 37604271 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Decades of extensive efforts on marine collagen extraction and characterization allowed to recognize the unique and excellent characteristics of marine collagen offering advantages over that obtained from terrestrial sources. However, not all marine collagens have the same biochemical characteristics; understanding those at molecular and supramolecular level, is crucial for optimal design of applications. One relevant aspect of collagen characterization is the analysis of its different subunits (α-chains) and their intermolecular cross-links (β- and γ-components), which ultimately determine the specific functions of a particular collagen. Collagens from a teleost and an elasmobranch species were analyzed to understand the influence of their subunit composition and intermolecular crosslinking pattern on their different physicochemical behaviour. For comparative purposes a commercial mammal collagen was included in the study. Although electrophoretic profiles showed the typical composition of type I collagen for hake, blue shark and calf collagen, molar ratios of their α-chains were different indicating a different degree of dimerization of their α2-chains with implications in the presence of a different crosslinking degree pattern. Electrophoresis, amino acid composition, hydrophobicity (RP-HPLC) and molecular weight analysis (GPC-HPLC) results, besides a peptide mapping and an antioxidant activity study of the resultant peptides, would help to understand the role of different subunit collagen composition and different crosslinking pattern in the conformation of a differential quaternary supramolecular structure within different species and its biofunctional implications. The experiments developed would allow to progress in the valorization potential of fish discards and byproducts to explore commercial uses of collagens from marine origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Blanco
- Grupo de Bioquímica de alimentos, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Noelia Sanz
- Grupo de Bioquímica de alimentos, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - Ricardo I Pérez-Martín
- Grupo de Bioquímica de alimentos, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - Carmen G Sotelo
- Grupo de Bioquímica de alimentos, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
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12
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Proffitt MR, Liu X, Ortlund EA, Smith GT. Evolution of androgen receptors contributes to species variation in androgenic regulation of communication signals in electric fishes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 578:112068. [PMID: 37714403 PMCID: PMC10695101 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Hormones and receptors coevolve to generate species diversity in hormone action. We compared the structure and function of androgen receptors (ARs) across fishes, with a focus on ARs in ghost knifefishes (Apteronotidae). Apteronotids, like many other teleosts, have two ARs (ARα and ARβ). ARβ is largely conserved, whereas ARα sequences vary considerably across species. The ARα ligand binding domain (LBD) has evolved under positive selection, and differences in the LBD across apteronotid species are associated with diversity in androgenic regulation of behavior. The Apteronotus leptorhynchus ARα LBD differs substantially from that of the Apteronotus albifrons ARα or the ancestral AR. Structural modeling and transactivation assays demonstrated that A. leptorhynchus ARα cannot bind androgens. We propose a model whereby relative expression of ARα versus ARβ in the brain, coupled with loss of androgen binding by ARα in A. leptorhynchus might explain reversals in androgenic regulation and sex differences in electrocommunication behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Renee Proffitt
- Department of Biology and Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eric A Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - G Troy Smith
- Department of Biology and Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
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13
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Warren WC, Rice ES, Maggs X, Roback E, Keene A, Martin F, Ogeh D, Haggerty L, Carroll RA, McGaugh S, Rohner N. Astyanax mexicanus surface and cavefish chromosome-scale assemblies for trait variation discovery. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.16.567450. [PMID: 38014157 PMCID: PMC10680795 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.16.567450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The ability of organisms to adapt to sudden extreme environmental changes produces some of the most drastic examples of rapid phenotypic evolution. The Mexican Tetra, Astyanax mexicanus, is abundant in the surface waters of northeastern Mexico, but repeated colonizations of cave environments have resulted in the independent evolution of troglomorphic phenotypes in several populations. Here, we present three chromosome-scale assemblies of this species, for one surface and two cave populations, enabling the first whole-genome comparisons between independently evolved cave populations to evaluate the genetic basis for the evolution of adaptation to the cave environment. Our assemblies represent the highest quality of sequence completeness with predicted protein-coding and non-coding gene metrics far surpassing prior resources and, to our knowledge, all long-read assembled teleost genomes, including zebrafish. Whole genome synteny alignments show highly conserved gene order among cave forms in contrast to a higher number of chromosomal rearrangements when compared to other phylogenetically close or distant teleost species. By phylogenetically assessing gene orthology across distant branches of amniotes, we discover gene orthogroups unique to A. mexicanus. When compared to a representative surface fish genome, we find a rich amount of structural sequence diversity, defined here as the number and size of insertions and deletions as well as expanding and contracting repeats across cave forms. These new more complete genomic resources ensure higher trait resolution for comparative, functional, developmental, and genetic studies of drastic trait differences within a species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley C. Warren
- Department of Animal Sciences, Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Edward S. Rice
- Department of Animal Sciences, Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO
| | - X Maggs
- Department of Animal Sciences, Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO
| | - Emma Roback
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN
| | - Alex Keene
- Department of Biology, Texas AM University, College Station, TX
| | - Fergal Martin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Denye Ogeh
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Leanne Haggerty
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Rachel A. Carroll
- Department of Animal Sciences, Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO
| | - Suzanne McGaugh
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN
| | - Nicolas Rohner
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, KU Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
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14
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Herrera M, Ravasi T, Laudet V. Anemonefishes: A model system for evolutionary genomics. F1000Res 2023; 12:204. [PMID: 37928172 PMCID: PMC10624958 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.130752.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anemonefishes are an iconic group of coral reef fish particularly known for their mutualistic relationship with sea anemones. This mutualism is especially intriguing as it likely prompted the rapid diversification of anemonefish. Understanding the genomic architecture underlying this process has indeed become one of the holy grails of evolutionary research in these fishes. Recently, anemonefishes have also been used as a model system to study the molecular basis of highly complex traits such as color patterning, social sex change, larval dispersal and life span. Extensive genomic resources including several high-quality reference genomes, a linkage map, and various genetic tools have indeed enabled the identification of genomic features controlling some of these fascinating attributes, but also provided insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying adaptive responses to changing environments. Here, we review the latest findings and new avenues of research that have led to this group of fish being regarded as a model for evolutionary genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Herrera
- Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Timothy Ravasi
- Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Vincent Laudet
- Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology (ICOB), Academia Sinica, 23-10, Dah-Uen Rd, Jiau Shi I-Lan 262, Taiwan
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15
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Page-McCaw PS, Pokidysheva EN, Darris CE, Chetyrkin S, Fidler AL, Murawala P, Gallup J, Hudson JK, Hudson BG. Collagen IV of basement membranes: I. Origin and diversification of COL4 genes enabling animal evolution. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.18.563013. [PMID: 37905027 PMCID: PMC10614949 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.18.563013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Collagen IV is a primordial component of basement membranes, a specialized form of extracellular matrix that enabled multi-cellular epithelial tissues. In mammals, collagen IV assembles from a family of six α-chains (α1 to α6), encoded by six genes (COL4A1 to COL4A6), into three distinct scaffolds: the α121, the α345 and a mixed scaffold containing both α121 and α565. The six mammalian COL4A genes occur in pairs that occur in a head-to-head arrangement on three distinct chromosomes. In Alport syndrome, variants in the COL4A3, 4 or 5 genes cause either loss or defective assembly of the collagen IV α345 scaffold which results in a dysfunctional glomerular basement membrane, proteinuria and progression to renal failure in millions of people worldwide. Here, we determine the evolutionary emergence and diversification of the COL4A genes using comparative genomics and biochemical analyses. Using syntenic relationships to genes closely linked to the COL4A genes, we determine that the COL4A3 and COL4A4 gene pair appeared in cyclostomes (hagfish and lampreys) while the COL4A5 and COL4A6 gene pair emerged in gnathostomes, jawed vertebrates. The more basal chordate species, lancelets and tunicates, do not have discrete kidneys and have a single COL4A gene pair, though often with single isolated COL4 genes similar to those found in C elegans . Remarkably, while the six COL4A genes are conserved in vertebrates, amphibians have lost the COL4A3 and COL4A4 genes. Our findings of the evolutionary emergence of these genes, together with the amphibian double-knockout, opens an experimental window to gain insights into functionality of the Col IV α345 scaffold.
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16
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Xu A, Teefy BB, Lu RJ, Nozownik S, Tyers AM, Valenzano DR, Benayoun BA. Transcriptomes of aging brain, heart, muscle, and spleen from female and male African turquoise killifish. Sci Data 2023; 10:695. [PMID: 37828039 PMCID: PMC10570339 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02609-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The African turquoise killifish is an emerging vertebrate model organism with great potential for aging research due to its naturally short lifespan. Thus far, turquoise killifish aging 'omic' studies have examined a single organ, single sex and/or evaluated samples from non-reference strains. Here, we describe a resource dataset of ribosomal RNA-depleted RNA-seq libraries generated from the brain, heart, muscle, and spleen from both sexes, as well as young and old animals, in the reference GRZ turquoise killifish strain. We provide basic quality control steps and demonstrate the utility of our dataset by performing differential gene expression and gene ontology analyses by age and sex. Importantly, we show that age has a greater impact than sex on transcriptional landscapes across probed tissues. Finally, we confirm transcription of transposable elements (TEs), which are highly abundant and increase in expression with age in brain tissue. This dataset will be a useful resource for exploring gene and TE expression as a function of both age and sex in a powerful naturally short-lived vertebrate model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Xu
- Quantitative & Computational Biology Department, USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Bryan B Teefy
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Ryan J Lu
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Graduate Program in the Biology of Aging, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Séverine Nozownik
- Unit of Forensic Genetics, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra M Tyers
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann Strasse 9b, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Dario R Valenzano
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann Strasse 9b, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bérénice A Benayoun
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
- Molecular and Computational Biology Department, USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
- USC Stem Cell Initiative, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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17
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Rao SS, Nelson PA, Lunde HS, Haugland GT. Evolutionary, comparative, and functional analyses of STATs and regulation of the JAK-STAT pathway in lumpfish upon bacterial and poly(I:C) exposure. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1252744. [PMID: 37808912 PMCID: PMC10556531 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1252744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) system regulates several biological processes by affecting transcription of genes as a response to cytokines and growth factors. In the present study, we have characterized the STAT genes in lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L.), belonging to the order Perciformes, and investigated regulation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway upon exposure to bacteria (Vibrio anguillarum) and poly(I:C), the latter mimicking antiviral responses. Methods Characterization and evolutionary analyses of the STATs were performed by phylogeny, protein domain, homology similarity and synteny analyses. Antibacterial and antiviral responses were investigated by performing KEGG pathway analysis. Results We observed that lumpfish have stat1a, 2, 3, 4, 5a, 5b, and 6. Transcriptome-wide analyses showed that most components of the JAK-STAT pathway were present in lumpfish. il-6, il-10, il-21, iκBα and stat3 were upregulated 6 hours post exposure (hpe) against bacteria while type I interferons (IFNs), irf1, irf3, irf10, stat1 and 2 were upregulated 24 hpe against poly(I:C). Conclusions Our findings shed light on the diversity and evolution of the STATs and the data show that the STAT genes are highly conserved among fish, including lumpfish. The transcriptome-wide analyses lay the groundwork for future research into the functional significance of these genes in regulating critical biological processes and make an important basis for development of prophylactic measure such as vaccination, which is highly needed for lumpfish since it is vulnerable for both bacterial and viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreesha S Rao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bergen High-Technology Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Patrick A Nelson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bergen High-Technology Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Harald S Lunde
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bergen High-Technology Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gyri T Haugland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bergen High-Technology Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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18
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Pan YR, Wu CS, Zhong YQ, Zhang YA, Zhang XJ. An Atlas of Grass Carp IgM+ B Cells in Homeostasis and Bacterial Infection Helps to Reveal the Unique Heterogeneity of B Cells in Early Vertebrates. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:964-980. [PMID: 37578390 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Teleost B cells are primitive lymphocytes with both innate and adaptive immune functions. However, the heterogeneity and differentiation trajectory of teleost B cells remain largely unknown. In this study, the landscape of grass carp IgM+ (gcIgM+) B cells was revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. The results showed that gcIgM+ B cells mainly comprise six populations: (im)mature B cells, innate B cells, proliferating B cells, plasma cells, CD22+ cells, and CD34+ cells, among which innate B cells and proliferating B cells were uncommon B cell subsets with, to our knowledge, new characteristics. Remarkably, three functional IgMs were discovered in grass carp, and a significant percentage of gcIgM+ B cells, especially plasma cells, expressed multiple Igμ genes (Igμ1, Igμ2, and/or Igμ3). More importantly, through single-cell sorting combined with Sanger sequencing, we found that distinct VHDJH recombination patterns of Igμ genes were present in single IgM+ B cells, indicating that individual teleost B cells might produce multiple Abs by coexpressing rearranged IgM subclass genes. Moreover, the percentage of IgM1highIgM2highIgM3high plasma cells increased significantly after bacterial infection, suggesting that individual plasma cells might tend to produce multiple IgMs to resist the infection in teleost fish. In summary, to our knowledge, this study not only helps to uncover the unique heterogeneity of B cells in early vertebrates but also provided significant new evidence supporting the recently proposed "one cell-multiple Abs" paradigm, challenging the classical rule of "one cell-one Ab."
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ru Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang-Song Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Qin Zhong
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Jie Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
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19
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Lai NHY, Mohd Zahir IA, Liew AKY, Ogawa S, Parhar I, Soga T. Teleosts as behaviour test models for social stress. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1205175. [PMID: 37744951 PMCID: PMC10512554 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1205175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is an important aspect of our everyday life and exposure to it is an unavoidable occurrence. In humans, this can come in the form of social stress or physical stress from an injury. Studies in animal models have helped researchers to understand the body's adaptive response to stress in human. Notably, the use of behavioural tests in animal models plays a pivotal role in understanding the neural, endocrine and behavioural changes induced by social stress. Under socially stressed conditions, behavioural parameters are often measured physiological and molecular parameters as changes in behaviour are direct responses to stress and are easily assessed by behavioural tests. Throughout the past few decades, the rodent model has been used as a well-established animal model for stress and behavioural changes. Recently, more attention has been drawn towards using fish as an animal model. Common fish models such as zebrafish, medaka, and African cichlids have the advantage of a higher rate of reproduction, easier handling techniques, sociability and most importantly, share evolutionary conserved genetic make-up, neural circuitry, neuropeptide molecular structure and function with mammalian species. In fact, some fish species exhibit a clear diurnal or seasonal rhythmicity in their stress response, similar to humans, as opposed to rodents. Various social stress models have been established in fish including but not limited to chronic social defeat stress, social stress avoidance, and social stress-related decision-making. The huge variety of behavioural patterns in teleost also aids in the study of more behavioural phenotypes than the mammalian species. In this review, we focus on the use of fish models as alternative models to study the effects of stress on different types of behaviours. Finally, fish behavioural tests against the typical mammalian model-based behavioural test are compared and discussed for their viability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tomoko Soga
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
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20
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Wong MKS, Tsuneoka Y, Tsukada T. Subcellular localization of Na +/K +-ATPase isoforms resolved by in situ hybridization chain reaction in the gill of chum salmon at freshwater and seawater. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:751-767. [PMID: 37464181 PMCID: PMC10415477 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01212-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) α1-isoforms were examined by in situ hybridization chain reaction (ISHCR) using short hairpin DNAs, and we showed triple staining of NKA α1a, α1b, and α1c transcripts in the gill of chum salmon acclimated to freshwater (FW) and seawater (SW). The NKA α1-isoforms have closely resembled nucleotide sequences, which could not be differentiated by conventional in situ hybridization. The ISHCR uses a split probe strategy to allow specific hybridization using regular oligo DNA, resulting in high specificity at low cost. The results showed that NKA α1c was expressed ubiquitously in gill tissue and no salinity effects were observed. FW lamellar ionocytes (type-I ionocytes) expressed cytoplasmic NKA α1a and nuclear NKA α1b transcripts. However, both transcripts of NKA α1a and α1b were present in the cytoplasm of immature type-I ionocytes. The developing type-I ionocytes increased the cytoplasmic volume and migrated to the distal region of the lamellae. SW filament ionocytes (type-II ionocytes) expressed cytoplasmic NKA α1b transcripts as the major isoform. Results from morphometric analysis and nonmetric multidimensional scaling indicated that a large portion of FW ionocytes was NKA α1b-rich, suggesting that isoform identity alone cannot mark the ionocyte types. Both immature or residual type-II ionocytes and type-I ionocytes were found on the FW and SW gills, suggesting that the chum salmon retains the potential to switch the ionocyte population to fit the ion-transporting demands, which contributes to their salinity tolerance and osmoregulatory plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marty Kwok Shing Wong
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510 Japan
- Center for Earth Surface System Dynamics, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, the University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8564 Japan
| | - Yousuke Tsuneoka
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota, Tokyo, 143-8540 Japan
| | - Takehiro Tsukada
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510 Japan
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21
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Rao SS, Lunde HS, Dolan DWP, Fond AK, Petersen K, Haugland GT. Transcriptome-wide analyses of early immune responses in lumpfish leukocytes upon stimulation with poly(I:C). Front Immunol 2023; 14:1198211. [PMID: 37388730 PMCID: PMC10300353 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1198211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Both bacterial and viral diseases are a major threat to farmed fish. As the antiviral immune mechanisms in lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L.) are poorly understood, lumpfish leukocytes were stimulated with poly(I:C), a synthetic analog of double stranded RNA, which mimic viral infections, and RNA sequencing was performed. Methods To address this gap, we stimulated lumpfish leukocytes with poly(I:C) for 6 and 24 hours and did RNA sequencing with three parallels per timepoint. Genome guided mapping was performed to define differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Results Immune genes were identified, and transcriptome-wide analyses of early immune responses showed that 376 and 2372 transcripts were significantly differentially expressed 6 and 24 hours post exposure (hpe) to poly(I:C), respectively. The most enriched GO terms when time had been accounted for, were immune system processes (GO:0002376) and immune response (GO:0006955). Analysis of DEGs showed that among the most highly upregulated genes were TLRs and genes belonging to the RIG-I signaling pathway, including LGP2, STING and MX, as well as IRF3 and IL12A. RIG-I was not identified, but in silico analyses showed that genes encoding proteins involved in pathogen recognition, cell signaling, and cytokines of the TLR and RIG-I signaling pathway are mostly conserved in lumpfish when compared to mammals and other teleost species. Conclusions Our analyses unravel the innate immune pathways playing a major role in antiviral defense in lumpfish. The information gathered can be used in comparative studies and lay the groundwork for future functional analyses of immune and pathogenicity mechanisms. Such knowledge is also necessary for the development of immunoprophylactic measures for lumpfish, which is extensively cultivated for use as cleaner fish in the aquaculture for removal of sea lice from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreesha S. Rao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bergen High-Technology Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Harald S. Lunde
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bergen High-Technology Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - David W. P. Dolan
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Amanda K. Fond
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bergen High-Technology Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjell Petersen
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gyri T. Haugland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bergen High-Technology Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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22
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Gert KRB, Panser K, Surm J, Steinmetz BS, Schleiffer A, Jovine L, Moran Y, Kondrashov F, Pauli A. Divergent molecular signatures in fish Bouncer proteins define cross-fertilization boundaries. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3506. [PMID: 37316475 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39317-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular compatibility between gametes is a prerequisite for successful fertilization. As long as a sperm and egg can recognize and bind each other via their surface proteins, gamete fusion may occur even between members of separate species, resulting in hybrids that can impact speciation. The egg membrane protein Bouncer confers species specificity to gamete interactions between medaka and zebrafish, preventing their cross-fertilization. Here, we leverage this specificity to uncover distinct amino acid residues and N-glycosylation patterns that differentially influence the function of medaka and zebrafish Bouncer and contribute to cross-species incompatibility. Curiously, in contrast to the specificity observed for medaka and zebrafish Bouncer, seahorse and fugu Bouncer are compatible with both zebrafish and medaka sperm, in line with the pervasive purifying selection that dominates Bouncer's evolution. The Bouncer-sperm interaction is therefore the product of seemingly opposing evolutionary forces that, for some species, restrict fertilization to closely related fish, and for others, allow broad gamete compatibility that enables hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista R B Gert
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Panser
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joachim Surm
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Benjamin S Steinmetz
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Schleiffer
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luca Jovine
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Yehu Moran
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Fyodor Kondrashov
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Evolutionary and Synthetic Biology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Andrea Pauli
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
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23
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Koslow M, Zhu P, McCabe C, Xu X, Lin X. Kidney transcriptome and cystic kidney disease genes in zebrafish. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1184025. [PMID: 37256068 PMCID: PMC10226271 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1184025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a condition where fluid filled cysts form on the kidney which leads to overall renal failure. Zebrafish has been recently adapted to study polycystic kidney disease, because of its powerful embryology and genetics. However, there are concerns on the conservation of this lower vertebrate in modeling polycystic kidney disease. Methods: Here, we aim to assess the molecular conservation of zebrafish by searching homologues polycystic kidney disease genes and carrying transcriptome studies in this animal. Results and Discussion: We found that out of 82 human cystic kidney disease genes, 81 have corresponding zebrafish homologs. While 75 of the genes have a single homologue, only 6 of these genes have two homologs. Comparison of the expression level of the transcripts enabled us to identify one homolog over the other homolog with >70% predominance, which would be prioritized for future experimental studies. Prompted by sexual dimorphism in human and rodent kidneys, we studied transcriptome between different sexes and noted significant differences in male vs. female zebrafish, indicating that sex dimorphism also occurs in zebrafish. Comparison between zebrafish and mouse identified 10% shared genes and 38% shared signaling pathways. String analysis revealed a cluster of genes differentially expressed in male vs. female zebrafish kidneys. In summary, this report demonstrated remarkable molecular conservation, supporting zebrafish as a useful animal model for cystic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Koslow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Chantal McCabe
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Xueying Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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24
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Mathavarajah S, Vergunst KL, Habib EB, Williams SK, He R, Maliougina M, Park M, Salsman J, Roy S, Braasch I, Roger A, Langelaan D, Dellaire G. PML and PML-like exonucleases restrict retrotransposons in jawed vertebrates. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:3185-3204. [PMID: 36912092 PMCID: PMC10123124 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We have uncovered a role for the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) gene and novel PML-like DEDDh exonucleases in the maintenance of genome stability through the restriction of LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposition in jawed vertebrates. Although the mammalian PML protein forms nuclear bodies, we found that the spotted gar PML ortholog and related proteins in fish function as cytoplasmic DEDDh exonucleases. In contrast, PML proteins from amniote species localized both to the cytoplasm and formed nuclear bodies. We also identified the PML-like exon 9 (Plex9) genes in teleost fishes that encode exonucleases. Plex9 proteins resemble TREX1 but are unique from the TREX family and share homology to gar PML. We also characterized the molecular evolution of TREX1 and the first non-mammalian TREX1 homologs in axolotl. In an example of convergent evolution and akin to TREX1, gar PML and zebrafish Plex9 proteins suppressed L1 retrotransposition and could complement TREX1 knockout in mammalian cells. Following export to the cytoplasm, the human PML-I isoform also restricted L1 through its conserved C-terminus by enhancing ORF1p degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Thus, PML first emerged as a cytoplasmic suppressor of retroelements, and this function is retained in amniotes despite its new role in the assembly of nuclear bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathleen L Vergunst
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Elias B Habib
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Shelby K Williams
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Raymond He
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Maria Maliougina
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Mika Park
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jayme Salsman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Stéphane Roy
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QB, Canada
| | - Ingo Braasch
- Michigan State University, Department of Integrative Biology and Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Andrew J Roger
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - David N Langelaan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Graham Dellaire
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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25
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Pergolizzi S, Fumia A, D'Angelo R, Mangano A, Lombardo GP, Giliberti A, Messina E, Alesci A, Lauriano ER. Expression and function of toll-like receptor 2 in vertebrate. Acta Histochem 2023; 125:152028. [PMID: 37075649 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential for identifying and detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) produced by a variety of pathogens, including viruses and bacteria. Since TLR2 is the only TLR capable of creating functional heterodimers with more than two other TLR types, it is very important for vertebrate immunity. TLR2 not only broadens the variety of PAMPs that it can recognize but has also the potential to diversify the subsequent signaling cascades. TLR2 is ubiquitous, which is consistent with the wide variety of tasks and functions it serves. Immune cells, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells have all been found to express TLR2. This review aims to gather currently available information about the preservation of this intriguing immunological molecule in the phylum of vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Pergolizzi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Angelo Fumia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Padiglione C, A. O. U. Policlinico "G. Martino", 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta D'Angelo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Angelica Mangano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giorgia Pia Lombardo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Angelo Giliberti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Emmanuele Messina
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessio Alesci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Eugenia Rita Lauriano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
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26
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Cheng F, Dennis AB, Osuoha JI, Canitz J, Kirschbaum F, Tiedemann R. A new genome assembly of an African weakly electric fish (Campylomormyrus compressirostris, Mormyridae) indicates rapid gene family evolution in Osteoglossomorpha. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:129. [PMID: 36941548 PMCID: PMC10029256 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09196-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teleost fishes comprise more than half of the vertebrate species. Within teleosts, most phylogenies consider the split between Osteoglossomorpha and Euteleosteomorpha/Otomorpha as basal, preceded only by the derivation of the most primitive group of teleosts, the Elopomorpha. While Osteoglossomorpha are generally species poor, the taxon contains the African weakly electric fish (Mormyroidei), which have radiated into numerous species. Within the mormyrids, the genus Campylomormyrus is mostly endemic to the Congo Basin. Campylomormyrus serves as a model to understand mechanisms of adaptive radiation and ecological speciation, especially with regard to its highly diverse species-specific electric organ discharges (EOD). Currently, there are few well-annotated genomes available for electric fish in general and mormyrids in particular. Our study aims at producing a high-quality genome assembly and to use this to examine genome evolution in relation to other teleosts. This will facilitate further understanding of the evolution of the osteoglossomorpha fish in general and of electric fish in particular. RESULTS A high-quality weakly electric fish (C. compressirostris) genome was produced from a single individual with a genome size of 862 Mb, consisting of 1,497 contigs with an N50 of 1,399 kb and a GC-content of 43.69%. Gene predictions identified 34,492 protein-coding genes, which is a higher number than in the two other available Osteoglossomorpha genomes of Paramormyrops kingsleyae and Scleropages formosus. A Computational Analysis of gene Family Evolution (CAFE5) comparing 33 teleost fish genomes suggests an overall faster gene family turnover rate in Osteoglossomorpha than in Otomorpha and Euteleosteomorpha. Moreover, the ratios of expanded/contracted gene family numbers in Osteoglossomorpha are significantly higher than in the other two taxa, except for species that had undergone an additional genome duplication (Cyprinus carpio and Oncorhynchus mykiss). As potassium channel proteins are hypothesized to play a key role in EOD diversity among species, we put a special focus on them, and manually curated 16 Kv1 genes. We identified a tandem duplication in the KCNA7a gene in the genome of C. compressirostris. CONCLUSIONS We present the fourth genome of an electric fish and the third well-annotated genome for Osteoglossomorpha, enabling us to compare gene family evolution among major teleost lineages. Osteoglossomorpha appear to exhibit rapid gene family evolution, with more gene family expansions than contractions. The curated Kv1 gene family showed seven gene clusters, which is more than in other analyzed fish genomes outside Osteoglossomorpha. The KCNA7a, encoding for a potassium channel central for EOD production and modulation, is tandemly duplicated which may related to the diverse EOD observed among Campylomormyrus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Cheng
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology and Systematic Zoology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alice B Dennis
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology and Systematic Zoology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Laboratory of Adaptive Evolution and Genomics, Research Unit of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Life, Earth & Environnment, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Josephine Ijeoma Osuoha
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology and Systematic Zoology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Julia Canitz
- Senckenberg German Entomological Institute, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Frank Kirschbaum
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology and Systematic Zoology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Crop and Animal Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralph Tiedemann
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology and Systematic Zoology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
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27
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Yang S, Xu X, Zhang A, Wang Y, Ji G, Sun C, Li H. The evolution and immunomodulatory role of Zc3h12 proteins in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124214. [PMID: 37001786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Zc3h12 family is an important RNA-binding protein family regulating mRNA of inflammatory cytokines in mammals. However, there are few studies on their post-transcriptional level regulation of inflammatory cytokines in fish. Here, we investigated the evolution of zebrafish Zc3h12 family and explored their immunomodulatory role. Phylogenetic and syntenic analysis indicated the number of zc3h12 family members had increased ranging from a single member in invertebrates to a single copy of four members in mammals. As the most evolutionarily diverse group of vertebrates, the number of zc3h12 family members was more complex and diverse in the teleost, each member experienced different fates and followed different rules in multiple rounds of whole-genome duplication events. Thereinto, zebrafish contained three zc3h12 genes, among which zc3h12aa and zc3h12ab were duplicated from the same gene. Zebrafish Zc3h12 family could recognize the 3'-UTR regions of inflammatory cytokines through binding to the specific RNA secondary structure and negatively regulate their expression. Deletion of either Zc3h12 domains or mutation of the key amino acid in RNAase domain attenuated their modulatory effect, suggesting both domain and RNAase activity are important to the immunomodulatory role. These results elucidated the evolution of Zc3h12 family and uncovered Zc3h12-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of cytokines in zebrafish.
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28
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Rasmussen JA, Kiilerich P, Madhun AS, Waagbø R, Lock EJR, Madsen L, Gilbert MTP, Kristiansen K, Limborg MT. Co-diversification of an intestinal Mycoplasma and its salmonid host. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:682-692. [PMID: 36807409 PMCID: PMC10119124 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the evolutionary relationships between a host and its intestinal resident bacteria can transform how we understand adaptive phenotypic traits. The interplay between hosts and their resident bacteria inevitably affects the intestinal environment and, thereby, the living conditions of both the host and the microbiota. Thereby this co-existence likely influences the fitness of both bacteria and host. Whether this co-existence leads to evolutionary co-diversification in animals is largely unexplored, mainly due to the complexity of the environment and microbial communities and the often low host selection. We present the gut metagenome from wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), a new wild organism model with an intestinal microbiota of low complexity and a well-described population structure, making it well-suited for investigating co-evolution. Our data reveal a strong host selection of a core gut microbiota dominated by a single Mycoplasma species. We found a clear co-diversification between the population structure of Atlantic salmon and nucleotide variability of the intestinal Mycoplasma populations conforming to expectations from co-evolution between host and resident bacteria. Our results show that the stable microbiota of Atlantic salmon has evolved with its salmonid host populations while potentially providing adaptive traits to the salmon host populations, including defence mechanisms, biosynthesis of essential amino acids, and metabolism of B vitamins. We highlight Atlantic salmon as a novel model for studying co-evolution between vertebrate hosts and their resident bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Rasmussen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, GLOBE Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Pia Kiilerich
- Danish Center for Neonatal Screening, Department of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, 2300, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Rune Waagbø
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Lise Madsen
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - M Thomas P Gilbert
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, GLOBE Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Metagenomics, Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Morten T Limborg
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, GLOBE Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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29
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Gómez de la Torre Canny S, Nordgård CT, Mathisen AJH, Degré Lorentsen E, Vadstein O, Bakke I. A novel gnotobiotic experimental system for Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) reveals a microbial influence on mucosal barrier function and adipose tissue accumulation during the yolk sac stage. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:1068302. [PMID: 36817693 PMCID: PMC9929952 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1068302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gnotobiotic models have had a crucial role in studying the effect that commensal microbiota has on the health of their animal hosts. Despite their physiological and ecological diversity, teleost fishes are still underrepresented in gnotobiotic research. Moreover, a better understanding of host-microbe interactions in farmed fish has the potential to contribute to sustainable global food supply. We have developed a novel gnotobiotic experimental system that includes the derivation of fertilized eggs of farmed and wild Atlantic salmon, and gnotobiotic husbandry of fry during the yolk sac stage. We used a microscopy-based approach to estimate the barrier function of the skin mucus layer and used this measurement to select the derivation procedure that minimized adverse effects on the skin mucosa. We also used this method to demonstrate that the mucus barrier was reduced in germ-free fry when compared to fry colonized with two different bacterial communities. This alteration in the mucus barrier was preceded by an increase in the number of cells containing neutral mucosubstances in the anterior segment of the body, but without changes in the number of cells containing acidic substances in any of the other segments studied along the body axis. In addition, we showed how the microbial status of the fry temporarily affected body size and the utilization of internal yolk stores during the yolk sac stage. Finally, we showed that the presence of bacterial communities associated with the fry, as well as their composition, affected the size of adipose tissue. Fry colonized with water from a lake had a larger visceral adipose tissue depot than both conventionally raised and germ-free fry. Together, our results show that this novel gnotobiotic experimental system is a useful tool for the study of host-microbe interactions in this species of aquacultural importance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine Taylor Nordgård
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Amalie Johanne Horn Mathisen
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eirik Degré Lorentsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Olav Vadstein
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingrid Bakke
- *Correspondence: Sol Gómez de la Torre Canny, ; Ingrid Bakke,
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30
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Lin F, Yuan Y, Ye X, Lv J, Liu X, Guo H, Wen X. Characterization and role of connective tissue growth factor gene in collagen synthesis in swim bladder of chu's croaker (Nibea coibor). Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:1336-1345. [PMID: 36473534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf) is a matricellular protein with diverse biological function. It is regarded as a central regulator of tissue fibrosis and collagen synthesis in mammals. However, its roles in fish remain elusive. Here, a ctgf gene was cloned (NcCtgf), characterized and functionally studied in the chu's croaker (Nibea coibor). NcCtgf encoded a protein containing 346 amino acids, 38 conserved cysteine residues, 4 functional domains and a signal peptide. NcCtgf shared highest identity (99.4 %) to the Larimichthys crocea Ctgf protein. Phylogenetic tree revealed that NcCtgf clustered with the teleost Ctgfa and Ctgf of higher vertebrates, instead of teleost Ctgfb. NcCtgf was expressed with higher level in gonad, spleen, gill and swimming bladder than other tissues, and was up-regulated in swim bladder synchronously with collagen I genes by hydroxyproline and TGF-β1 treatment. NcCtgf knockdown/overexpression inhibited/promoted collagen synthesis in swim bladder cell, respectively. Notably, NcCtgf protein could be secreted to cell culture medium and up-regulated collagen I expression in swim bladder cell. These findings indicate NcCtgf plays vital roles in collagen synthesis in swim bladder of Nibea coibor, and provide basis for further understanding of ctgf evolution and exploring new approach for enhancing collagen deposition in fish products during aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Yuying Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Xiaokang Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Jiehuan Lv
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Haoji Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Xiaobo Wen
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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31
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Haridevamuthu B, Guru A, Velayutham M, Snega Priya P, Arshad A, Arockiaraj J. Long non‐coding RNA, a supreme post‐transcriptional immune regulator of bacterial or virus‐driven immune evolution in teleost. REVIEWS IN AQUACULTURE 2023; 15:163-178. [DOI: 10.1111/raq.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe global aquaculture boom, fuelled by a reduction in wild population and detection of novel viruses, has created a demanding market, hence, there is a pressing need to investigate the immune system of fish, further. As the most diverse community of vertebrates and a central contributor to the progressing global aquaculture market, teleost continues to draw vast scientific interest. Recent breakthroughs in multi‐omics technologies have provided a platform to understand the role of long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) in the host immune system during infection. Emerging evidence shows that teleost lncRNA might have a regulatory role in immune responses, mostly through lncRNA–microRNA (miRNA) sponging. Teleost lncRNA shares a functionally active short sequence complement to target the miRNA which is conserved among the several fish species. Recent report suggests that rhabdovirus exploits a lncRNA in teleost and, to dodge the host immune mechanism and negatively regulate the immune system. This observation reveals the essentiality of lncRNA in pathogen‐driven immunity in teleost. Reports available on the function of teleost lncRNA are still in early stages and experimental verifications are a limiting factor. Unravelling the lncRNA‐mediated immune regulation in fishes could be used against the invading pathogens to strengthen the aquaculture production. This review elaborates on the experimentally identified and functionally characterized lncRNA and its regulatory role in the teleost immune response during infection and pathogen‐driven host immune evolution, which could eventually lead to achieving high standards in aquaculture productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Haridevamuthu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - Manikandan Velayutham
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - P. Snega Priya
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - Aziz Arshad
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I‐AQUAS) Universiti Putra Malaysia Port Dickson Malaysia
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India
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Townley IK, Babin CH, Murphy TE, Summa CM, Rees BB. Genomic analysis of hypoxia inducible factor alpha in ray-finned fishes reveals missing Ohnologs and evidence of widespread positive selection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22312. [PMID: 36566251 PMCID: PMC9789988 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26876-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As aquatic hypoxia worsens on a global scale, fishes will become increasingly challenged by low oxygen, and understanding the molecular basis of their response to hypoxia may help to better define the capacity of fishes to cope with this challenge. The hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) plays a critical role in the molecular response to hypoxia by activating the transcription of genes that serve to improve oxygen delivery to the tissues or enhance the capacity of tissues to function at low oxygen. The current study examines the molecular evolution of genes encoding the oxygen-dependent HIFα subunit (HIFA) in the ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii). Genomic analyses demonstrate that several lineages retain four paralogs of HIFA predicted from two rounds of genome duplication at the base of vertebrate evolution, broaden the known distribution of teleost-specific HIFA paralogs, and provide evidence for salmonid-specific HIFA duplicates. Evolution of the HIFA gene family is characterized by widespread episodic positive selection at amino acid sites that potentially mediate protein stability, protein-protein interactions, and transcriptional regulation. HIFA transcript abundance depends upon paralog, tissue, and fish lineage. A phylogenetically-informed gene nomenclature is proposed along with avenues for future research on this critical family of transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian K. Townley
- Science Department, Saint George’s School, Spokane, WA 99208 USA
| | - Courtney H. Babin
- grid.266835.c0000 0001 2179 5031Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA
| | - Taylor E. Murphy
- grid.266835.c0000 0001 2179 5031Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA
| | - Christopher M. Summa
- grid.266835.c0000 0001 2179 5031Department of Computer Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA
| | - Bernard B. Rees
- grid.266835.c0000 0001 2179 5031Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA
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Concha ML, Reig G. Origin, form and function of extraembryonic structures in teleost fishes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210264. [PMID: 36252221 PMCID: PMC9574637 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Teleost eggs have evolved a highly derived early developmental pattern within vertebrates as a result of the meroblastic cleavage pattern, giving rise to a polar stratified architecture containing a large acellular yolk and a small cellular blastoderm on top. Besides the acellular yolk, the teleost-specific yolk syncytial layer (YSL) and the superficial epithelial enveloping layer are recognized as extraembryonic structures that play critical roles throughout embryonic development. They provide enriched microenvironments in which molecular feedback loops, cellular interactions and mechanical signals emerge to sculpt, among other things, embryonic patterning along the dorsoventral and left-right axes, mesendodermal specification and the execution of morphogenetic movements in the early embryo and during organogenesis. An emerging concept points to a critical role of extraembryonic structures in reinforcing early genetic and morphogenetic programmes in reciprocal coordination with the embryonic blastoderm, providing the necessary boundary conditions for development to proceed. In addition, the role of the enveloping cell layer in providing mechanical, osmotic and immunological protection during early stages of development, and the autonomous nutritional support provided by the yolk and YSL, have probably been key aspects that have enabled the massive radiation of teleosts to colonize every ecological niche on the Earth. This article is part of the theme issue 'Extraembryonic tissues: exploring concepts, definitions and functions across the animal kingdom'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel L. Concha
- Integrative Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Germán Reig
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica y del Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago 7800003, Chile
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Cai Y, Lv W, Jiang Y, Li Q, Su P, Pang Y. Molecular evolution of the BRINP and ASTN genes and expression profles in response to pathogens and spinal cord injury repair in lamprey (Lethenteron reissneri). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:274-282. [PMID: 36228880 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenic protein/retinoic acid inducible neural-specific proteins (BRINPs) and astrotactins (ASTNs) are two members of membrane attack complex/perforin-like (MACPF) superfamily proteins that present high expression in the growing and mature vertebrate neurons. Lamprey has a unique evolutionary status as a representative of the oldest jawless vertebrates, making it an ideal animal model for understanding vertebrate evolution. The evolutionary origins of BRINPs and ASTNs genes in vertebrates, however, have not been shown in lampreys. Here, BRINP and ASTN genes were found in lamprey genomes and the evolutionary relationships of them were investigated by phylogenetic analysis. Protein domains, motifs, genetic structure, and crystal structure analysis revealed that the features of BRINP and ASTN appear to be conserved in vertebrates. Genomic synteny analysis indicated that lamprey BRINP and ASTN neighbor genes differed dramatically from jawed vertebrate. Real-time quantitative results illustrated that the BRINP and ASTN genes family might take part in immune defence and spinal cord injury repair. This study not only enriches a better understanding of the evolution of the BRINP and ASTN genes but also offers a foundation for exploring their roles in the development of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Wanrong Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
| | - Peng Su
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
| | - Yue Pang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
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Li Q, Jiang B, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Xu Z, Chen X, Huang Y, Jian J, Yan Q. α-MSH is partially involved in the immunomodulation of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) antibacterial immunity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:929-938. [PMID: 36343851 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is a well-studied neuropeptide controlling skin and hair color. Besides, numerous immunomodulation roles of α-MSH were recorded in humans and mice. However, the regulatory effects of α-MSH in teleost immunity haven't been well elucidated. In this study, several precursor molecules of α-MSH (POMCs) and its receptors (MCRs) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were characterized, and their expression characteristics and specific functions on antibacterial immunity were determined. Overall, POMCs and MCRs were principally detected in the brain, skin, and liver, and were remarkably promoted post Streptococcus agalactiae infection. However, tiny POMCs and MCRs were observed in tilapia immune organs (head kidney and spleen) or lymphocytes, and no evident immunomodulation effect was detected in vitro. Moreover, the in vivo challenge experiments revealed that α-MSH protects tilapia from bacterial infection by regulating responses in the brain and intestine. This study lays theoretical data for a deeper comprehension of the immunomodulation mechanisms of teleost α-MSH and the evolutional process of the vertebrate melanocortin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China; College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Baijian Jiang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yongxiong Huang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhou Xu
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xinjin Chen
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yu Huang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jichang Jian
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Qingpi Yan
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China.
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Kolas V, Mathieu G, Wu YT, Chung BC. Evaluation of two gene ablation methods for the analysis of pregnenolone function in zebrafish embryonic development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 636:84-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chrispell JD, Xiong Y, Weiss ER. Grk7 but not Grk1 undergoes cAMP-dependent phosphorylation in zebrafish cone photoreceptors and mediates cone photoresponse recovery to elevated cAMP. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102636. [PMID: 36273582 PMCID: PMC9692042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In the vertebrate retina, phosphorylation of photoactivated visual pigments in rods and cones by G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) is essential for sustained visual function. Previous in vitro analysis demonstrated that GRK1 and GRK7 are phosphorylated by PKA, resulting in a reduced capacity to phosphorylate rhodopsin. In vivo observations revealed that GRK phosphorylation occurs in the dark and is cAMP dependent. In many vertebrates, including humans and zebrafish, GRK1 is expressed in both rods and cones while GRK7 is expressed only in cones. However, mice express only GRK1 in both rods and cones and lack GRK7. We recently generated a mutation in Grk1 that deletes the phosphorylation site, Ser21. This mutant demonstrated delayed dark adaptation in mouse rods but not in cones in vivo, suggesting GRK1 may serve a different role depending upon the photoreceptor cell type in which it is expressed. Here, zebrafish were selected to evaluate the role of cAMP-dependent GRK phosphorylation in cone photoreceptor recovery. Electroretinogram analyses of larvae treated with forskolin show that elevated intracellular cAMP significantly decreases recovery of the cone photoresponse, which is mediated by Grk7a rather than Grk1b. Using a cone-specific dominant negative PKA transgene, we show for the first time that PKA is required for Grk7a phosphorylation in vivo. Lastly, immunoblot analyses of rod grk1a-/- and cone grk1b-/- zebrafish and Nrl-/- mouse show that cone-expressed Grk1 does not undergo cAMP-dependent phosphorylation in vivo. These results provide a better understanding of the function of Grk phosphorylation relative to cone adaptation and recovery.
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Agostini C, Bühler A, Antico Calderone A, Aadepu N, Herder C, Loosli F, Carl M. Conserved and diverged asymmetric gene expression in the brain of teleosts. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1005776. [PMID: 36211473 PMCID: PMC9532764 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1005776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphological left-right brain asymmetries are universal phenomena in animals. These features have been studied for decades, but the functional relevance is often unclear. Studies from the zebrafish dorsal diencephalon on the genetics underlying the establishment and function of brain asymmetries have uncovered genes associated with the development of functional brain asymmetries. To gain further insights, comparative studies help to investigate the emergence of asymmetries and underlying genetics in connection to functional adaptation. Evolutionarily distant isogenic medaka inbred lines, that show divergence of complex traits such as morphology, physiology and behavior, are a valuable resource to investigate intra-species variations in a given trait of interest. For a detailed study of asymmetry in the medaka diencephalon we generated molecular probes of ten medaka genes that are expressed asymmetrically in the zebrafish habenulae and pineal complex. We find expression of eight genes in the corresponding brain areas of medaka with differences in the extent of left-right asymmetry compared to zebrafish. Our marker gene analysis of the diverged medaka inbred strains revealed marked inter-strain size differences of the respective expression domains in the parapineal and the habenulae, which we hypothesize may result from strain-specific gene loss. Thus, our analysis reveals both inter-species differences but also intra-species plasticity of gene expression in the teleost dorsal diencephalon. These findings are a starting point showing the potential to identify the genetics underlying the emergence and modulations of asymmetries. They are also the prerequisite to examine whether variance in habenular gene expression may cause variation of behavioral traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Agostini
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anja Bühler
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Narendar Aadepu
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cathrin Herder
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Felix Loosli
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- *Correspondence: Felix Loosli, ; Matthias Carl,
| | - Matthias Carl
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- *Correspondence: Felix Loosli, ; Matthias Carl,
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Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Myxobolus nkondjockei sp. nov. (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae), A Parasite of Labeo batesii Boulenger, 1911 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Makombè River in Cameroon. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:1573-1583. [PMID: 36018469 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-022-00609-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Myxozoans are economically important group of metazoan parasites, which can cause diseases in a large variety of commercially important fishes. Increased knowledge on molecular features has shown that traditional descriptive characters may be misleading. Combination of both descriptive and molecular features is therefore necessary for an integrated taxonomic assessment. METHODS Cyprinid Labeo batesii, sampled in the Makombè River at Nkondjock in Cameroon were examined for myxosporeans. Identification of parasite species was based on morphological and molecular sequence analyses of myxospores. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. RESULTS The scales of L. batesii were infected by Myxobolus nkondjockei sp. nov Their mature myxospores are ovoid in frontal view and lenticular in lateral view, with two rounded ends. These myxospores measured 10.3 (10-10.9) μm length and 8.0 (7.3-8.5) μm width. Myxospores have two ovoid and equal sizes polar capsules. They measured 4.5 (4.0-5.0) µm in length and 2.4 (2-2.9) µm in width. Polar tubules were coiled in 4-5 turns perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the polar capsules. Phylogenetic analysis of the 18S rDNA sequence show clustering of M. nkondjockei sp. n. close to an undetermined species Myxobolus sp. reported infecting gill lamellas of Labeo rohita from India. CONCLUSION The morphological, molecular and phylogenetic data provided for M. nkondjockei sp. n. are solid basis for further identification of this myxozoan of which pathogenicity probably plays an economic role at culturing the hosts.
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Medeiros APM, Santos BA, Betancur-R R. Does genome size increase with water depth in marine fishes? Evolution 2022; 76:1578-1589. [PMID: 35585426 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of research suggests that genome size in animals can be affected by ecological factors. Half a century ago, Ebeling et al. proposed that genome size increases with depth in some teleost fish groups and discussed a number of biological mechanisms that may explain this pattern (e.g., passive accumulation, adaptive acclimation). Using phylogenetic comparative approaches, we revisit this hypothesis based on genome size and ecological data from up to 708 marine fish species in combination with a set of large-scale phylogenies, including a newly inferred tree. We also conduct modeling approaches of trait evolution and implement a variety of regression analyses to assess the relationship between genome size and depth. Our reanalysis of Ebeling et al.'s dataset shows a weak association between these variables, but the overall pattern in their data is driven by a single clade. Although new analyses based on our "all-species" dataset resulted in positive correlations, providing some evidence that genome size evolves as a function of depth, only one subclade consistently yielded statistically significant correlations. By contrast, negative correlations are rare and nonsignificant. All in all, we find modest evidence for an increase in genome size along the depth axis in marine fishes. We discuss some mechanistic explanations for the observed trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline P M Medeiros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, 58051-900, Brazil.,Department of Biology, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019
| | - Bráulio A Santos
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Betancur-R
- Department of Biology, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019
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Zhu C, Liu H, Pan Z, Cheng L, Sun Y, Wang H, Chang G, Wu N, Ding H, Zhao H, Zhang L, Yu X. Insights into chromosomal evolution and sex determination of Pseudobagrus ussuriensis (Bagridae, Siluriformes) based on a chromosome-level genome. DNA Res 2022; 29:6647841. [PMID: 35861402 PMCID: PMC9358014 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudobagrus ussuriensis is an aquaculture catfish with significant sexual dimorphism. In this study, a chromosome-level genome with a size of 741.97 Mb was assembled for female P. ussuriensis. A total of 26 chromosome-level contigs covering 97.34% of the whole-genome assembly were obtained with an N50 of 28.53 Mb and an L50 of 11. A total of 24,075 protein-coding genes were identified, with 91.54% (22,039) genes being functionally annotated. Based on the genome assembly, four chromosome evolution clusters of catfishes were identified and the formation process of P. ussuriensis chromosomes was predicted. A total of 55 sex-related quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with a phenotypic variance explained value of 100% were located on chromosome 8 (chr08). The QTLs and other previously identified sex-specific markers were located in a sex-determining region of 16.83 Mb (from 6.90 to 23.73 Mb) on chr08, which was predicted as the X chromosome. The sex-determining region comprised 554 genes, with 135 of which being differently expressed between males and females/pseudofemales, and 16 candidate sex-determining genes were screened out. The results of this study provided a useful chromosome-level genome for genetic, genomic and evolutionary studies of P. ussuriensis, and also be useful for further studies on sex-determination mechanism analysis and sex-control breeding of this fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuankun Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agriculture Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University , Huai’an 223300, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Zhengjun Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agriculture Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University , Huai’an 223300, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Harbin 150070, China
| | - Yanhong Sun
- Wuhan Aquaculture Science Research Institute , Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agriculture Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University , Huai’an 223300, China
| | - Guoliang Chang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agriculture Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University , Huai’an 223300, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agriculture Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University , Huai’an 223300, China
| | - Huaiyu Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agriculture Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University , Huai’an 223300, China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agriculture Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University , Huai’an 223300, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Sustainable Development and Water Environment Protection of Huai’an City, Huai’an Sub Center of the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Huai’an 223002, China
| | - Xiangsheng Yu
- Huai’an Fisheries Technical Guidance Station , Huai’an 223001, China
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Molecular cloning, expression and appetite regulation function of adiponectin in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 214:360-369. [PMID: 35716794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin (AdipoQ) as an adipocytokine has the potential to regulate feeding behavior, but the information about adipoq in fish is limited. In this study, Siberian sturgeon adiponectin (Ssadipoq) gene was cloned encoding 264 amino acids. The amino acid identity of SsAdipoQ was low compared with that of mammals, birds, amphibians and teleost fishes. The expression of Ssadipoq in the hypothalamus was significantly decreased at 1 h and 3 h post feeding, and increased after 15-day fasting. The mature domain of AdipoQ (fAd) was inserted into expression vector pET32a and successfully expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) after stimulated by isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactoside. Food intake at 1 h and 3 h post treatment with SsfAd protein decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of pyy and cck in the valvula intestine was promoted and hypothalamic npy, agrp and pomc mRNA expression were inhibited after treatment with SsfAd protein. Furthermore, hypothalamic ampk subunits expression was associated with peripheral SsfAd treatment. In summary, present study indicate that SsfAd plays an important role in the regulation of food intake and appetite signals in Siberian sturgeon, which provides a basis for further study application of prokaryotic AdipoQ in feeding behavior regulation.
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Etchegaray E, Dechaud C, Barbier J, Naville M, Volff JN. Diversity of Harbinger-like Transposons in Teleost Fish Genomes. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12111429. [PMID: 35681893 PMCID: PMC9179366 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The study of transposable elements, which are repeated DNA sequences that can insert into new locations in genomes, is of particular interest to genome evolution, as they are sources of mutations but also of new regulatory and coding sequences. Teleost fish are a species-rich clade presenting a high diversity of transposable elements, both quantitatively and qualitatively, making them a very attractive group to investigate the evolution of mobile sequences. We studied Harbinger-like DNA transposons, which are widespread from plants to vertebrates but absent from mammalian genomes. These elements code for both a transposase and a Myb-like protein. We observed high variability in the genomic composition of Harbinger-like sequences in teleost fish. While Harbinger transposons might have been present in a common ancestor of all the fish species studied, ISL2EU elements were possibly gained by horizontal transfer at the base of teleost fish. Transposase and Myb-like protein phylogenies of Harbinger transposons indicated unique origins of the association between both genes and suggests recombination was rare between transposon sublineages. Finally, we report one case of Harbinger horizontal transfer between divergent fish species and the transcriptional activity of both Harbinger and ISL2EU transposons in teleost fish. There was male-biased expression in the gonads of the medaka fish. Abstract Harbinger elements are DNA transposons that are widespread from plants to vertebrates but absent from mammalian genomes. Among vertebrates, teleost fish are the clade presenting not only the largest number of species but also the highest diversity of transposable elements, both quantitatively and qualitatively, making them a very attractive group to investigate the evolution of mobile sequences. We studied Harbinger DNA transposons and the distantly related ISL2EU elements in fish, focusing on representative teleost species compared to the spotted gar, the coelacanth, the elephant shark and the amphioxus. We observed high variability in the genomic composition of Harbinger-like sequences in teleost fish, as they covered 0.002–0.14% of the genome, when present. While Harbinger transposons might have been present in a common ancestor of all the fish species studied here, with secondary loss in elephant shark, our results suggests that ISL2EU elements were gained by horizontal transfer at the base of teleost fish 200–300 million years ago, and that there was secondary loss in a common ancestor of pufferfishes and stickleback. Harbinger transposons code for a transposase and a Myb-like protein. We reconstructed and compared molecular phylogenies of both proteins to get insights into the evolution of Harbinger transposons in fish. Transposase and Myb-like protein phylogenies showed global congruent evolution, indicating unique origin of the association between both genes and suggesting rare recombination between transposon sublineages. Finally, we report one case of Harbinger horizontal transfer between divergent fish species and the transcriptional activity of both Harbinger and ISL2EU transposons in teleost fish. There was male-biased expression in the gonads of the medaka fish.
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Ryu T, Herrera M, Moore B, Izumiyama M, Kawai E, Laudet V, Ravasi T. A chromosome-scale genome assembly of the false clownfish, Amphiprion ocellaris. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 12:6555996. [PMID: 35353192 PMCID: PMC9073690 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The false clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris is a popular fish species and an emerging model organism for studying the ecology, evolution, adaptation, and developmental biology of reef fishes. Despite this, high-quality genomic resources for this species are scarce, hindering advanced genomic analyses. Leveraging the power of PacBio long-read sequencing and Hi-C chromosome conformation capture techniques, we constructed a high-quality chromosome-scale genome assembly for the clownfish A. ocellaris. The initial genome assembly comprised of 1,551 contigs of 861.42 Mb, with an N50 of 863.85 kb. Hi-C scaffolding of the genome resulted in 24 chromosomes containing 856.61 Mb. The genome was annotated with 26,797 protein-coding genes and had 96.62% completeness of conserved actinopterygian genes, making this genome the most complete and high quality among published anemonefish genomes. Transcriptomic analysis identified tissue-specific gene expression patterns, with the brain and optic lobe having the largest number of expressed genes. Further, comparative genomic analysis revealed 91 genome elements conserved only in A. ocellaris and its sister species Amphiprion percula, and not in other anemonefish species. These elements are close to genes that are involved in various nervous system functions and exhibited distinct expression patterns in brain tissue, potentially highlighting the genetic toolkits involved in lineage-specific divergence and behaviors of the clownfish branch. Overall, our study provides the highest quality A. ocellaris genome assembly and annotation to date, whilst also providing a valuable resource for understanding the ecology and evolution of reef fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewoo Ryu
- Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
- Corresponding author: Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan. ; *Corresponding author: Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan.
| | - Marcela Herrera
- Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| | - Billy Moore
- Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| | - Michael Izumiyama
- Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| | - Erina Kawai
- Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| | - Vincent Laudet
- Marine Eco-Evo-Devo Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, I‐Lan, Taiwan
| | - Timothy Ravasi
- Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- Corresponding author: Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan. ; *Corresponding author: Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan.
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Hamilton CM, Winter MJ, Margiotta-Casaluci L, Owen SF, Tyler CR. Are synthetic glucocorticoids in the aquatic environment a risk to fish? ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 162:107163. [PMID: 35240385 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The glucocorticosteroid, or glucocorticoid (GC), system is largely conserved across vertebrates and plays a central role in numerous vital physiological processes including bone development, immunomodulation, and modification of glucose metabolism and the induction of stress-related behaviours. As a result of their wide-ranging actions, synthetic GCs are widely prescribed for numerous human and veterinary therapeutic purposes and consequently have been detected extensively within the aquatic environment. Synthetic GCs designed for humans are pharmacologically active in non-mammalian vertebrates, including fish, however they are generally detected in surface waters at low (ng/L) concentrations. In this review, we assess the potential environmental risk of synthetic GCs to fish by comparing available experimental data and effect levels in fish with those in mammals. We found the majority of compounds were predicted to have insignificant risk to fish, however some compounds were predicted to be of moderate and high risk to fish, although the dataset of compounds used for this analysis was small. Given the common mode of action and high level of inter-species target conservation exhibited amongst the GCs, we also give due consideration to the potential for mixture effects, which may be particularly significant when considering the potential for environmental impact from this class of pharmaceuticals. Finally, we also provide recommendations for further research to more fully understand the potential environmental impact of this relatively understudied group of commonly prescribed human and veterinary drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles M Hamilton
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Matthew J Winter
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Luigi Margiotta-Casaluci
- Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Stewart F Owen
- AstraZeneca, Global Environment, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK.
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Fitzgerald T, Brettell I, Leger A, Wolf N, Kusminski N, Monahan J, Barton C, Herder C, Aadepu N, Gierten J, Becker C, Hammouda OT, Hasel E, Lischik C, Lust K, Sokolova N, Suzuki R, Tsingos E, Tavhelidse T, Thumberger T, Watson P, Welz B, Khouja N, Naruse K, Birney E, Wittbrodt J, Loosli F. The Medaka Inbred Kiyosu-Karlsruhe (MIKK) panel. Genome Biol 2022; 23:59. [PMID: 35189950 PMCID: PMC8862526 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-022-02623-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Unraveling the relationship between genetic variation and phenotypic traits remains a fundamental challenge in biology. Mapping variants underlying complex traits while controlling for confounding environmental factors is often problematic. To address this, we establish a vertebrate genetic resource specifically to allow for robust genotype-to-phenotype investigations. The teleost medaka (Oryzias latipes) is an established genetic model system with a long history of genetic research and a high tolerance to inbreeding from the wild. Results Here we present the Medaka Inbred Kiyosu-Karlsruhe (MIKK) panel: the first near-isogenic panel of 80 inbred lines in a vertebrate model derived from a wild founder population. Inbred lines provide fixed genomes that are a prerequisite for the replication of studies, studies which vary both the genetics and environment in a controlled manner, and functional testing. The MIKK panel will therefore enable phenotype-to-genotype association studies of complex genetic traits while allowing for careful control of interacting factors, with numerous applications in genetic research, human health, drug development, and fundamental biology. Conclusions Here we present a detailed characterization of the genetic variation across the MIKK panel, which provides a rich and unique genetic resource to the community by enabling large-scale experiments for mapping complex traits. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13059-022-02623-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Fitzgerald
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian Brettell
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adrien Leger
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nadeshda Wolf
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Natalja Kusminski
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jack Monahan
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carl Barton
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cathrin Herder
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Narendar Aadepu
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Campus Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Gierten
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Campus Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clara Becker
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Campus Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Omar T Hammouda
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Campus Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Hasel
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Campus Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Colin Lischik
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Campus Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Lust
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Campus Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natalia Sokolova
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Campus Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Risa Suzuki
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Campus Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Erika Tsingos
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Campus Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tinatini Tavhelidse
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Campus Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Thumberger
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Campus Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philip Watson
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Campus Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bettina Welz
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Campus Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nadia Khouja
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kiyoshi Naruse
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Laboratory of Bioresources, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Ewan Birney
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joachim Wittbrodt
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Campus Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Loosli
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Kim H, Kim B, Shin YJ, Kim J, Kim HJ, Kim K, Kim P, Park K. Effect of benzotriazole on oxidative stress response and transcriptional gene expression in Oryzias latipes and Danio rerio embryo. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 252:109222. [PMID: 34718189 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants (EC) such as benzotriazole are being released into the environment in various ways, therefore it is necessary to understand how organisms are affected by EC. In this study, we exposed medaka (Oryzias latipes) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) during their embryonic period (1 day after hatching) to benzotriazole to investigate its effects on oxidative stress (ROS, GSH, GST, SOD, CAT and MDA) and changes in gene expression patterns. In both medaka and zebrafish, the influence of oxidative stress was confirmed through an increased MDA level and changes in the ROS and GSH levels. Antioxidant enzymes such as GST, CAT, and SOD were affected by benzotriazole; however, medaka and zebrafish showed different patterns in the effects by benzotriazole. Results of oxidative stress genes expression showed that medaka had either no influence or had a decrease in the gene expression profile, whereas zebrafish had a statistically significant increase in the expression of some genes. The cyp1a gene expression was increased in both species. However, vtg gene expression was increased only in zebrafish but decreased in medaka, indicating no estrogenic effects in medaka. Apoptosis genes showed changes in expression in both the species but was these changes were not dose-dependent. However, zebrafish caspase-9 gene expression was increased in all of the exposed groups, suggesting the effects on the intrinsic pathway associated with caspase-9. In conclusion, the results indicate that the toxic effects of benzotriazole differ at various levels in the two small fish medaka and zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hokyun Kim
- Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Kyungseo-Dong, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bokyung Kim
- Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Kyungseo-Dong, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Shin
- Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Kyungseo-Dong, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Kyungseo-Dong, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Kim
- Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Kyungseo-Dong, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungtae Kim
- Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Kyungseo-Dong, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Pilje Kim
- Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Kyungseo-Dong, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghwa Park
- Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Kyungseo-Dong, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea.
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Naisbett-Jones LC, Lohmann KJ. Magnetoreception and magnetic navigation in fishes: a half century of discovery. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2022; 208:19-40. [PMID: 35031832 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-021-01527-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
As the largest and most diverse vertebrate group on the planet, fishes have evolved an impressive array of sensory abilities to overcome the challenges associated with navigating the aquatic realm. Among these, the ability to detect Earth's magnetic field, or magnetoreception, is phylogenetically widespread and used by fish to guide movements over a wide range of spatial scales ranging from local movements to transoceanic migrations. A proliferation of recent studies, particularly in salmonids, has revealed that fish can exploit Earth's magnetic field not only as a source of directional information for maintaining consistent headings, but also as a kind of map for determining location at sea and for returning to natal areas. Despite significant advances, much about magnetoreception in fishes remains enigmatic. How fish detect magnetic fields remains unknown and our understanding of the evolutionary origins of vertebrate magnetoreception would benefit greatly from studies that include a wider array of fish taxa. The rich diversity of life-history characteristics that fishes exhibit, the wide variety of environments they inhabit, and their suitability for manipulative studies, make fishes promising subjects for magnetoreception studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth J Lohmann
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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Dietary supplementation with microalgae enhances the zebrafish growth performance by modulating immune status and gut microbiota. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:773-788. [PMID: 34989826 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11751-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are known to be abundant in various habitats around the globe, and are rich in high value-added products such as fatty acids, polysaccharides, proteins, and pigments. Microalgae can be exploited as the basic and primitive food source of aquatic animals. We investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with Schizochytrium sp., Spirulina platensis, Chloroella sorokiniana, Chromochloris zofingiensis, and Dunaliella salina on the growth performance, immune status, and intestinal health of zebrafish (Danio rerio). The results showed that these five microalgae diets could improve the feed conversion rate (FCR), especially the D. salina (FCR = 1.02%) and Schizochytrium sp. (FCR = 1.20%) additive groups. Moreover, the microalgae diets decreased the gene expression level of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL6, IL8, and IL1β at a normal physiological state of the intestine, especially the Schizochytrium sp., S. platensis, and D. salina dietary groups. The expression of neutrophil marker b7r was increased in the C. sorokiniana diet group; after, the zebrafish were challenged with Vibrio anguillarum, improving the ability to resist this disease. We also found that microalgae diets could regulate the gut microbiota of fish as well as increase the relative abundance of probiotics. To further explain, Cetobacterium was significantly enriched in the S. platensis additive group and Stenotrophomonas was higher in the Schizochytrium sp. additive group than in the other groups. Conversely, harmful bacteria Mycoplasma reduced in all tested microalgae diet groups. Our study indicated that these microalgae could serve as a food source supplement and benefit the health of fish. KEY POINTS: • Microalgae diets enhanced the growth performance of zebrafish. • Microalgae diets attenuated the intestinal inflammatory responses of zebrafish. • Microalgae diets modulated the gut microbiota composition to improve fish health.
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Culbert BM, Regish AM, Hall DJ, McCormick SD, Bernier NJ. Neuroendocrine Regulation of Plasma Cortisol Levels During Smoltification and Seawater Acclimation of Atlantic Salmon. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:859817. [PMID: 35528002 PMCID: PMC9069684 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.859817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Diadromous fishes undergo dramatic changes in osmoregulatory capacity in preparation for migration between freshwater and seawater. One of the primary hormones involved in coordinating these changes is the glucocorticoid hormone, cortisol. In Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), cortisol levels increase during the spring smoltification period prior to seawater migration; however, the neuroendocrine factors responsible for regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis and plasma cortisol levels during smoltification remain unclear. Therefore, we evaluated seasonal changes in circulating levels of cortisol and its primary secretagogue-adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-as well as transcript abundance of the major regulators of HPI axis activity in the preoptic area, hypothalamus, and pituitary between migratory smolts and pre-migratory parr. Smolts exhibited higher plasma cortisol levels compared to parr across all timepoints but circulating ACTH levels were only elevated in May. Transcript abundance of preoptic area corticotropin-releasing factor b1 and arginine vasotocin were ~2-fold higher in smolts compared to parr in February through May. Smolts also had ~7-fold greater hypothalamic transcript abundance of urotensin 1 (uts-1a) compared to parr in May through July. When transferred to seawater during peak smolting in May smolts rapidly upregulated hypothalamic uts-1a transcript levels within 24 h, while parr only transiently upregulated uts-1a 96 h post-transfer. In situ hybridization revealed that uts-1a is highly abundant in the lateral tuberal nucleus (NLT) of the hypothalamus, consistent with a role in regulating the HPI axis. Overall, our results highlight the complex, multifactorial regulation of cortisol and provide novel insight into the neuroendocrine mechanisms controlling osmoregulation in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett M. Culbert
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Brett M. Culbert,
| | - Amy M. Regish
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory, Turners Falls, MA, United States
| | - Daniel J. Hall
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory, Turners Falls, MA, United States
| | - Stephen D. McCormick
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory, Turners Falls, MA, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
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