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Tyshkovskiy A, Ma S, Shindyapina AV, Tikhonov S, Lee SG, Bozaykut P, Castro JP, Seluanov A, Schork NJ, Gorbunova V, Dmitriev SE, Miller RA, Gladyshev VN. Distinct longevity mechanisms across and within species and their association with aging. Cell 2023; 186:2929-2949.e20. [PMID: 37269831 PMCID: PMC11192172 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lifespan varies within and across species, but the general principles of its control remain unclear. Here, we conducted multi-tissue RNA-seq analyses across 41 mammalian species, identifying longevity signatures and examining their relationship with transcriptomic biomarkers of aging and established lifespan-extending interventions. An integrative analysis uncovered shared longevity mechanisms within and across species, including downregulated Igf1 and upregulated mitochondrial translation genes, and unique features, such as distinct regulation of the innate immune response and cellular respiration. Signatures of long-lived species were positively correlated with age-related changes and enriched for evolutionarily ancient essential genes, involved in proteolysis and PI3K-Akt signaling. Conversely, lifespan-extending interventions counteracted aging patterns and affected younger, mutable genes enriched for energy metabolism. The identified biomarkers revealed longevity interventions, including KU0063794, which extended mouse lifespan and healthspan. Overall, this study uncovers universal and distinct strategies of lifespan regulation within and across species and provides tools for discovering longevity interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Tyshkovskiy
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Siming Ma
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anastasia V Shindyapina
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stanislav Tikhonov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Sang-Goo Lee
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Perinur Bozaykut
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| | - José P Castro
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Aging and Aneuploidy Laboratory, IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andrei Seluanov
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas J Schork
- Quantitative Medicine and Systems Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sergey E Dmitriev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Maciej-Hulme ML, Van Gemst JJ, Sanderson P, Rops ALWMM, Berden JH, Smeets B, Amster IJ, Rabelink TJ, Van Der Vlag J. Glomerular endothelial glycocalyx-derived heparan sulfate inhibits glomerular leukocyte influx and attenuates experimental glomerulonephritis. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1177560. [PMID: 37325479 PMCID: PMC10267401 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1177560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Proliferative forms of glomerulonephritis are characterized by the influx of leukocytes, albuminuria, and loss of kidney function. The glomerular endothelial glycocalyx is a thick carbohydrate layer that covers the endothelium and is comprised of heparan sulfate (HS), which plays a pivotal role in glomerular inflammation by facilitating endothelial-leukocyte trafficking. We hypothesize that the exogenous glomerular glycocalyx may reduce the glomerular influx of inflammatory cells during glomerulonephritis. Indeed, administration of mouse glomerular endothelial cell (mGEnC)-derived glycocalyx constituents, or the low-molecular-weight heparin enoxaparin, reduced proteinuria in mice with experimental glomerulonephritis. Glomerular influx of granulocytes and macrophages, as well as glomerular fibrin deposition, was reduced by the administration of mGEnC-derived glycocalyx constituents, thereby explaining the improved clinical outcome. HSglx also inhibited granulocyte adhesion to human glomerular endothelial cells in vitro. Notably, a specific HSglx fraction inhibited both CD11b and L-selectin binding to activated mGEnCs. Mass spectrometry analysis of this specific fraction revealed six HS oligosaccharides, ranging from tetra- to hexasaccharides with 2-7 sulfates. In summary, we demonstrate that exogenous HSglx reduces albuminuria during glomerulonephritis, which is possibly mediated via multiple mechanisms. Our results justify the further development of structurally defined HS-based therapeutics for patients with (acute) inflammatory glomerular diseases, which may be applicable to non-renal inflammatory diseases as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa L Maciej-Hulme
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jasper J Van Gemst
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Patience Sanderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Angelique L W M M Rops
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jo H Berden
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Bart Smeets
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - I Jonathan Amster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Ton J Rabelink
- Department of Nephrology, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Johan Van Der Vlag
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ɣ agonist mediated inhibition of heparanase expression reduces proteinuria. EBioMedicine 2023; 90:104506. [PMID: 36889064 PMCID: PMC10043778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteinuria is associated with many glomerular diseases and a risk factor for the progression to renal failure. We previously showed that heparanase (HPSE) is essential for the development of proteinuria, whereas peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ɣ (PPARɣ) agonists can ameliorate proteinuria. Since a recent study showed that PPARɣ regulates HPSE expression in liver cancer cells, we hypothesized that PPARɣ agonists exert their reno-protective effect by inhibiting glomerular HPSE expression. METHODS Regulation of HPSE by PPARɣ was assessed in the adriamycin nephropathy rat model, and cultured glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes. Analyses included immunofluorescence staining, real-time PCR, heparanase activity assay and transendothelial albumin passage assay. Direct binding of PPARɣ to the HPSE promoter was evaluated by the luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Furthermore, HPSE activity was assessed in 38 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients before and after 16/24 weeks treatment with the PPARɣ agonist pioglitazone. FINDINGS Adriamycin-exposed rats developed proteinuria, an increased cortical HPSE and decreased heparan sulfate (HS) expression, which was ameliorated by treatment with pioglitazone. In line, the PPARɣ antagonist GW9662 increased cortical HPSE and decreased HS expression, accompanied with proteinuria in healthy rats, as previously shown. In vitro, GW9662 induced HPSE expression in both endothelial cells and podocytes, and increased transendothelial albumin passage in a HPSE-dependent manner. Pioglitazone normalized HPSE expression in adriamycin-injured human endothelial cells and mouse podocytes, and adriamycin-induced transendothelial albumin passage was reduced as well. Importantly, we demonstrated a regulatory effect of PPARɣ on HPSE promoter activity and direct PPARy binding to the HPSE promoter region. Plasma HPSE activity of T2DM patients treated with pioglitazone for 16/24 weeks was related to their hemoglobin A1c and showed a moderate, near significant correlation with plasma creatinine levels. INTERPRETATION PPARɣ-mediated regulation of HPSE expression appears an additional mechanism explaining the anti-proteinuric and renoprotective effects of thiazolidinediones in clinical practice. FUNDING This study was financially supported by the Dutch Kidney Foundation, by grants 15OI36, 13OKS023 and 15OP13. Consortium grant LSHM16058-SGF (GLYCOTREAT; a collaboration project financed by the PPP allowance made available by Top Sector Life Sciences & Health to the Dutch Kidney Foundation to stimulate public-private partnerships).
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Zhang X, Zhao Y, Liu L, He Y. Syndecan-1: A Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Target in Liver Diseases. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:1155-1165. [PMID: 37957867 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501250057231102061624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Syndecan-1 (SDC-1), known as a coreceptor of various growth factors or an integrin binding partner, regulates various cell behaviours. Under certain pathological conditions, SDC-1 is shed from the cell surface and plays a protective or pathogenic role in various diseases. In the liver, SDC-1 is highly expressed in hepatocytes, where it is localized on the basolateral surface. It is critical to the cellular and molecular functions of hepatocytes, including their attachment to hepatitis viruses. Previous studies have reported that SDC-1 may function as a novel and promising diagnostic and therapeutic marker for various liver diseases, such as drug-induced liver injury, liver fibrosis, and liver cancer. In this review, we summarize related research and highlight the mechanisms by which SDC-1 participates in the pathogenesis of liver diseases, as well as its potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications. This review is expected to lay the foundation for further therapeutic strategies to target SDC-1 in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- National Regional Infectious Diseases Center Co-constructed by National Health Commission of PRC and People's Government of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Yalei Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- National Regional Infectious Diseases Center Co-constructed by National Health Commission of PRC and People's Government of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Liangru Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- National Regional Infectious Diseases Center Co-constructed by National Health Commission of PRC and People's Government of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingli He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- National Regional Infectious Diseases Center Co-constructed by National Health Commission of PRC and People's Government of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
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Hwang J, Park E, Choi YW, Min S, Oh ES. Emerging role of syndecans in maintaining homeostasis of colon epithelium during inflammation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C960-C966. [PMID: 35385327 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00048.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The syndecans are a family of transmembrane proteoglycans that are widespread in mammalian tissues. Located at the cell surface membrane, they contribute to modulating the composition of the extracellular matrix via glycosaminoglycan chains (GAGs) attached to their extracellular domains. Syndecans can interact with a variety of extracellular ligands through their core proteins and GAGs, and may also transmit signals through their transmembrane domain to regulate intracellular functions. These properties enable syndecan to modulate glycocalyx formation, epithelial cell-to-cell connections for cell barrier formation, and epithelial cell-lamina propria interactions in the colon epithelium, all of which are crucial for the homeostasis of this tissue. Inflammation induces structural alterations of the colon epithelium, and accumulating evidence suggests that syndecan expression might play important regulatory functions during inflammation. This review summarizes the possible roles of syndecans in maintaining tissue homeostasis in the colon epithelium, especially under inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea (South), Republic of
| | - Eunhye Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea (South), Republic of
| | - Yeong-Woo Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea (South), Republic of
| | - Shinhye Min
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea (South), Republic of
| | - Eok-Soo Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea (South), Republic of
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Blocking of inflammatory heparan sulfate domains by specific antibodies is not protective in experimental glomerulonephritis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261722. [PMID: 34941931 PMCID: PMC8699719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glomerulonephritis is an acquired serious glomerular disease, which involves the interplay of many factors such as cytokines, chemokines, inflammatory cells, and heparan sulfate (HS). We previously showed that blocking of inflammatory heparan sulfate domains on cultured glomerular endothelium by specific anti-HS single chain antibodies reduced polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) adhesion and chemokine binding. We hypothesized that injection of anti-HS antibodies in PMN-driven experimental glomerulonephritis should reduce glomerular influx of PMNs and thereby lead to a better renal outcome. In contrast to our hypothesis, co-injection of anti-HS antibodies did not alter the final outcome of anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM)-induced glomerulonephritis. Glomerular PMN influx, normally peaking 2 hours after induction of glomerulonephritis with anti-GBM IgG was not reduced by co-injection of anti-HS antibodies. Four days after induction of glomerulonephritis, albuminuria, renal function, glomerular hyalinosis and fibrin deposition were similar in mice treated and not treated with anti-HS antibodies. Interestingly, we observed transient effects in mice co-injected with anti-HS antibodies compared to mice that did not receive anti-HS antibodies: (i) a decreased renal function 2 hours and 1 day after induction of glomerulonephritis; (ii) an increased albuminuria after 2 hours and 1 day; (iii) an increased glomerular fibrin deposition after 1 day; (iv) a reduced glomerular macrophage influx after 1 day; (v) a sustained glomerular presence of PMNs at day 1 and 4, accompanied by an increased renal expression of IL-6, CXCL1, ICAM-1, L-selectin, CD11b and NF-κB. The mechanism underlying these observations induced by anti-HS antibodies remains unclear, but may be explained by a temporarily altered glycocalyx and/or altered function of PMNs due to the binding of anti-HS antibodies. Nevertheless, the evaluated anti-HS antibodies do not show therapeutic potential in anti-GBM-induced glomerulonephritis. Future research should evaluate other strategies to target HS domains involved in inflammatory processes during glomerulonephritis.
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7
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Kouwenberg M, Rops A, Bakker-van Bebber M, Diepeveen L, Götte M, Hilbrands L, van der Vlag J. Role of syndecan-1 in the interaction between dendritic cells and T cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230835. [PMID: 32701966 PMCID: PMC7377417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Syndecan-1 (Sdc-1) is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan that can bind cytokines and chemokines via its heparan sulfate side chains, and has immunomodulatory properties in experimental models. Sdc-1 expression has been reported on dendritic cells (DC) and T cells. The potential role of Sdc-1 in DC-T cell interaction has not been investigated yet. We postulate that Sdc-1 is involved in DC-T cell interaction and may influence graft survival in an allogeneic transplant model. Sdc-1 expression on bone marrow-derived DC and T cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Unstimulated and LPS stimulated Sdc-1 deficient DC were evaluated in vitro for phenotype and stimulatory capacity in mixed lymphocyte reaction. Sdc-1 deficient T cells were evaluated for proliferative capacity and differentiation in a mixed lymphocyte reaction and a proliferation assay. Allograft survival was evaluated in a fully MHC mismatched heterotopic heart transplant model, with either Sdc-1 deficient donors or recipients. Sdc-1 was expressed on the cell surface of unstimulated and LPS matured DC. Sdc-1 deficiency had no effect on expression of co-stimulatory molecules, cytokine production or T cell stimulatory capacity as compared to WT DC. Sdc-1 expression was not detectable on WT T cells, although intracellular Sdc-1 expression could be demonstrated after ConA activation. Sdc-1 deficient T cells showed reduced proliferation upon DC or ConA stimulation and reduced IL-17 production upon ConA stimulation, compared to WT T cells. Sdc-1 deficiency of either allograft or recipient did not prolong allograft survival. In conclusion, Sdc-1 is expressed on the cell surface of DC, where its absence does not affect DC phenotype or T cell stimulatory capacity. Sdc-1 is intracellularly expressed in ConA activated T cells. Sdc-1 deficiency in T cells results in a reduced proliferative response in vitro, as induced by DC and ConA. Sdc-1 deficiency in donor or recipient does not affect allograft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Kouwenberg
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A. Rops
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M. Bakker-van Bebber
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - L. Diepeveen
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M. Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - L. Hilbrands
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J. van der Vlag
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Teixeira FCOB, Götte M. Involvement of Syndecan-1 and Heparanase in Cancer and Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1221:97-135. [PMID: 32274708 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34521-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan Syndecan-1 acts as an important co-receptor for receptor tyrosine kinases and chemokine receptors, and as an adhesion receptor for structural glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix. It serves as a substrate for heparanase, an endo-β-glucuronidase that degrades specific domains of heparan sulfate carbohydrate chains and thereby alters the functional status of the proteoglycan and of Syndecan-1-bound ligands. Syndecan-1 and heparanase show multiple levels of functional interactions, resulting in mutual regulation of their expression, processing, and activity. These interactions are of particular relevance in the context of inflammation and malignant disease. Studies in animal models have revealed a mechanistic role of Syndecan-1 and heparanase in the regulation of contact allergies, kidney inflammation, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and inflammation-associated tumorigenesis. Moreover, functional interactions between Syndecan-1 and heparanase modulate virtually all steps of tumor progression as defined in the Hallmarks of Cancer. Due to their prognostic value in cancer, and their mechanistic involvement in tumor progression, Syndecan-1 and heparanase have emerged as important drug targets. Data in preclinical models and preclinical phase I/II studies have already yielded promising results that provide a translational perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe C O B Teixeira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany.
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9
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Ramnath RD, Butler MJ, Newman G, Desideri S, Russell A, Lay AC, Neal CR, Qiu Y, Fawaz S, Onions KL, Gamez M, Crompton M, Michie C, Finch N, Coward RJ, Welsh GI, Foster RR, Satchell SC. Blocking matrix metalloproteinase-mediated syndecan-4 shedding restores the endothelial glycocalyx and glomerular filtration barrier function in early diabetic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2020; 97:951-965. [PMID: 32037077 PMCID: PMC7184681 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx is a key component of the glomerular filtration barrier. We have shown that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-mediated syndecan 4 shedding is a mechanism of glomerular endothelial glycocalyx damage in vitro, resulting in increased albumin permeability. Here we sought to determine whether this mechanism is important in early diabetic kidney disease, by studying streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes in DBA2/J mice. Diabetic mice were albuminuric, had increased glomerular albumin permeability and endothelial glycocalyx damage. Syndecan 4 mRNA expression was found to be upregulated in isolated glomeruli and in flow cytometry-sorted glomerular endothelial cells. In contrast, glomerular endothelial luminal surface syndecan 4 and Marasmium oreades agglutinin lectin labelling measurements were reduced in the diabetic mice. Similarly, syndecan 4 protein expression was significantly decreased in isolated glomeruli but increased in plasma and urine, suggesting syndecan 4 shedding. Mmp-2, 9 and 14 mRNA expression were upregulated in isolated glomeruli, suggesting a possible mechanism of glycocalyx damage and albuminuria. We therefore characterised in detail the activity of MMP-2 and 9 and found significant increases in kidney cortex, plasma and urine. Treatment with MMP-2/9 inhibitor I for 21 days, started six weeks after diabetes induction, restored endothelial glycocalyx depth and coverage and attenuated diabetes-induced albuminuria and reduced glomerular albumin permeability. MMP inhibitor treatment significantly attenuated glomerular endothelial and plasma syndecan 4 shedding and inhibited plasma MMP activity. Thus, our studies confirm the importance of MMPs in endothelial glycocalyx damage and albuminuria in early diabetes and demonstrate that this pathway is amenable to therapeutic intervention. Hence, treatments targeted at glycocalyx protection by MMP inhibition may be of benefit in diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raina D Ramnath
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Matthew J Butler
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina Newman
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Desideri
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Russell
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail C Lay
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Chris R Neal
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Yan Qiu
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Fawaz
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Karen L Onions
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Gamez
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Crompton
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Michie
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Finch
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Coward
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin I Welsh
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca R Foster
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Simon C Satchell
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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10
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Butler MJ, Down CJ, Foster RR, Satchell SC. The Pathological Relevance of Increased Endothelial Glycocalyx Permeability. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:742-751. [PMID: 32035881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx is a vital regulator of vascular permeability. Damage to this delicate layer can result in increased protein and water transit. The clinical importance of albuminuria as a predictor of kidney disease progression and vascular disease has driven research in this area. This review outlines how research to date has attempted to measure the contribution of the endothelial glycocalyx to vessel wall permeability. We discuss the evidence for the role of the endothelial glycocalyx in regulating permeability in discrete areas of the vasculature and highlight the inherent limitations of the data that have been produced to date. In particular, this review emphasizes the difficulties in interpreting urinary albumin levels in early disease models. In addition, the research that supports the view that glycocalyx damage is a key pathologic step in a diverse array of clinical conditions, including diabetic complications, sepsis, preeclampsia, and atherosclerosis, is summarized. Finally, novel methods are discussed, including an ex vivo glomerular permeability assay that enhances the understanding of permeability changes in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Butler
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Colin J Down
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca R Foster
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Simon C Satchell
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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11
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Role of cell surface proteoglycans in cancer immunotherapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 62:48-67. [PMID: 31336150 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, understanding how tumor cells evade the immune system and their communication with their tumor microenvironment, has been the subject of intense investigation, with the aim of developing new cancer immunotherapies. The current therapies against cancer such as monoclonal antibodies against checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive T-cell transfer, cytokines, vaccines, and oncolytic viruses have managed to improve the clinical outcome of the patients. However, in some tumor entities, the response is limited and could benefit from the identification of novel therapeutic targets. It is known that tumor-extracellular matrix interplay and matrix remodeling are necessary for anti-tumor and pro-tumoral immune responses. Proteoglycans are dominant components of the extracellular matrix and are a highly heterogeneous group of proteins characterized by the covalent attachment of a specific linear carbohydrate chain of the glycosaminoglycan type. At cell surfaces, these molecules modulate the expression and activity of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, adhesion molecules, and function as signaling co-receptors. By these mechanisms, proteoglycans influence the behavior of cancer cells and their microenvironment during the progression of solid tumors and hematopoietic malignancies. In this review, we discuss why cell surface proteoglycans are attractive pharmacological targets in cancer, and we present current and recent developments in cancer immunology and immunotherapy utilizing proteoglycan-targeted strategies.
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12
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Syndecan-1 Shedding Inhibition to Protect Against Ischemic Acute Kidney Injury Through HGF Target Signaling Pathway. Transplantation 2019; 102:e331-e344. [PMID: 29557914 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) target pathway plays pivotal renoprotective roles after acute kidney injury. Syndecan-1 (SDC-1) serves as the coreceptor for HGF. Shedding of SDC-1 is involved in various pathological processes. Thus, we hypothesized that ischemia/reperfusion injury induced SDC-1 shedding, and inhibiting SDC-1 shedding would protect against kidney injury by potentiating activation of the HGF receptor mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (c-Met). METHODS Expression of SDC-1 and its sheddases were observed in kidneys of sham and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) mice. To inhibit SDC-1 shedding, mice were injected with the sheddase inhibitor GM6001 before I/R surgery, and then, renal inflammation, tubular apoptosis, and activation of the c-Met/AKT/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) pathway were analyzed. In vitro, human proximal tubular cell lines were pretreated with GM6001 under hypoxia/reperfusion conditions. The apoptosis and viability of cells and expression of c-Met/AKT/GSK-3β pathway components were evaluated. The relationship was further confirmed by treatment with SU11274, a specific inhibitor of phospho-c-Met. RESULTS Shedding of SDC-1 was induced after ischemia/reperfusion injury both in vivo and in vitro. GM6001 pretreatment suppressed SDC-1 shedding, alleviated renal inflammation and tubular apoptosis, and upregulated phosphorylation of the c-Met/AKT/GSK-3β pathway. In vitro, pretreatment with GM6001 also decreased hypoxia/reperfusion-induced cell apoptosis and promoted activation of the c-Met pathway. In addition, the cytoprotective role of GM6001 was attenuated by suppressing c-Met phosphorylation with SU11274. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that inhibiting I/R-induced SDC-1 shedding protected against ischemic acute kidney injury by potentiating the c-Met/AKT/GSK-3β pathway.
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13
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Collins LE, Troeberg L. Heparan sulfate as a regulator of inflammation and immunity. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 105:81-92. [PMID: 30376187 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ru0618-246r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate is found on the surface of most cell types, as well as in basement membranes and extracellular matrices. Its strong anionic properties and highly variable structure enable this glycosaminoglycan to provide binding sites for numerous protein ligands, including many soluble mediators of the immune system, and may promote or inhibit their activity. The formation of ligand binding sites on heparan sulfate (HS) occurs in a tissue- and context-specific fashion through the action of several families of enzymes, most of which have multiple isoforms with subtly different specificities. Changes in the expression levels of these biosynthetic enzymes occur in response to inflammatory stimuli, resulting in structurally different HS and acquisition or loss of binding sites for immune mediators. In this review, we discuss the multiple roles for HS in regulating immune responses, and the evidence for inflammation-associated changes to HS structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Collins
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Linda Troeberg
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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14
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van Gemst JJ, Kouwenberg M, Rops ALWMM, van Kuppevelt TH, Berden JH, Rabelink TJ, Loeven MA, van der Vlag J. Differential binding of chemokines CXCL1, CXCL2 and CCL2 to mouse glomerular endothelial cells reveals specificity for distinct heparan sulfate domains. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201560. [PMID: 30248108 PMCID: PMC6152867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Proliferative glomerulonephritis manifests in a range of renal diseases and is characterized by the influx of inflammatory cells into the glomerulus. Heparan sulfate (HS) is an important (co-)receptor for binding of chemokines, cytokines and leukocytes to the endothelial glycocalyx, a thick glycan layer that covers the inside of blood vessels. During glomerulonephritis, HS in the glomerular endothelial glycocalyx plays a central role in chemokine presentation and oligomerization, and in binding of selectins and integrins expressed by leukocytes. We hypothesize that distinct endothelial HS domains determine the binding of different chemokines. In this study we evaluated the interaction of three pro-inflammatory chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL2 and CCL2) with mouse glomerular endothelial cells (mGEnC-1) in ELISA in competition with different HS preparations and anti-HS single chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies specific for distinct HS domains. RESULTS HS appeared to be the primary ligand mediating chemokine binding to the glomerular endothelial glycocalyx in vitro. We found differential affinities of CXCL1, CXCL2 and CCL2 for HS in isolated mGEnC-1 glycocalyx, heparan sulfate from bovine kidney or low molecular weight heparin in competition ELISAs using mGEnC-1 as a substrate, indicating that chemokine binding is affected by the domain structure of the different HS preparations. Blocking of specific HS domains with anti-HS scFv antibodies revealed a domain-specific interaction of the tested chemokines to HS on mGEnC-1. Furthermore, chemokines did not compete for the same binding sites on mGEnC-1. CONCLUSION CXCL1, CXCL2 and CCL2 binding to the glomerular endothelial glycocalyx appears differentially mediated by specific HS domains. Our findings may therefore contribute to the development of HS-based treatments for renal and possibly other inflammatory diseases specifically targeting chemokine-endothelial cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. J. van Gemst
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M. Kouwenberg
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A. L. W. M. M. Rops
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - T. H. van Kuppevelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J. H. Berden
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - T. J. Rabelink
- Department of Nephrology and Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. A. Loeven
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J. van der Vlag
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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15
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Pamfil C, Makowska Z, De Groof A, Tilman G, Babaei S, Galant C, Montigny P, Demoulin N, Jadoul M, Aydin S, Lesche R, McDonald F, Houssiau FA, Lauwerys BR. Intrarenal activation of adaptive immune effectors is associated with tubular damage and impaired renal function in lupus nephritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2018; 77:1782-1789. [PMID: 30065042 PMCID: PMC6241616 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Chronic renal impairment remains a feared complication of lupus nephritis (LN). The present work aimed at identifying mechanisms and markers of disease severity in renal tissue samples from patients with LN. Methods We performed high-throughput transcriptomic studies (Illumina HumanHT-12 v4 Expression BeadChip) on archived kidney biopsies from 32 patients with LN and eight controls (pretransplant donors). Histological staging (glomerular and tubular scores) and immunohistochemistry experiments were performed on the same and on a replication set of 37 LN kidney biopsy samples. Results A group of LN samples was identified by unsupervised clustering studies based on their gene expression features, that is, the overexpression of transcripts involved in antigen presentation, T and B cell activation. These samples were characterised by a significantly lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at the time of biopsy (T0) compared with the other systemic lupus erythematosus samples. Yet, apparent disease duration at T0, double-stranded DNA antibody titres at T0 and other relevant characteristics (serum C3, proteinuria, histological scores, numbers of previous flares) were not different between groups. Immunohistochemistry studies confirmed the association between interstitial infiltration by adaptive immune effectors and decreased renal function in the same and in a replication group of LN kidney biopsies. This was associated with transcriptomic, histological and immunohistochemical evidence of renal tubular cell involvement. Conclusion Interstitial infiltration of LN kidney biopsies by adaptive immune effectors is associated with impaired renal tubular cell function and decreased eGFR. These results open new perspectives in evaluating and treating patients with LN, focusing on intrarenal mechanisms of immune cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pamfil
- Department of Rheumatology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.,Pôle de pathologies rhumatismales systémiques et inflammatoires, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zuzanna Makowska
- Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Bayer AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aurélie De Groof
- Pôle de pathologies rhumatismales systémiques et inflammatoires, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gaëlle Tilman
- Department of Rheumatology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.,Pôle de pathologies rhumatismales systémiques et inflammatoires, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sepideh Babaei
- Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Bayer AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Galant
- Pôle de pathologies rhumatismales systémiques et inflammatoires, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pauline Montigny
- Department of Rheumatology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.,Pôle de pathologies rhumatismales systémiques et inflammatoires, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Demoulin
- Department of Nephrology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.,Pôle de Néphrologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel Jadoul
- Department of Nephrology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.,Pôle de Néphrologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Selda Aydin
- Department of Pathology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ralf Lesche
- Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Bayer AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fiona McDonald
- Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Bayer AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frédéric A Houssiau
- Department of Rheumatology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.,Pôle de pathologies rhumatismales systémiques et inflammatoires, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard R Lauwerys
- Department of Rheumatology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.,Pôle de pathologies rhumatismales systémiques et inflammatoires, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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16
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Büll C, Boltje TJ, Balneger N, Weischer SM, Wassink M, van Gemst JJ, Bloemendal VR, Boon L, van der Vlag J, Heise T, den Brok MH, Adema GJ. Sialic Acid Blockade Suppresses Tumor Growth by Enhancing T-cell-Mediated Tumor Immunity. Cancer Res 2018; 78:3574-3588. [PMID: 29703719 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acid sugars on the surface of cancer cells have emerged as potent immune modulators that contribute to the immunosuppressive microenvironment and tumor immune evasion. However, the mechanisms by which these sugars modulate antitumor immunity as well as therapeutic strategies directed against them are limited. Here we report that intratumoral injections with a sialic acid mimetic Ac53FaxNeu5Ac block tumor sialic acid expression in vivo and suppress tumor growth in multiple tumor models. Sialic acid blockade had a major impact on the immune cell composition of the tumor, enhancing tumor-infiltrating natural killer cell and CD8+ T-cell numbers while reducing regulatory T-cell and myeloid regulatory cell numbers. Sialic acid blockade enhanced cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell-mediated killing of tumor cells in part by facilitating antigen-specific T-cell-tumor cell clustering. Sialic acid blockade also synergized with adoptive transfer of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in vivo and enhanced CpG immune adjuvant therapy by increasing dendritic cell activation and subsequent CD8+ T-cell responses. Collectively, these data emphasize the crucial role of sialic acids in tumor immune evasion and provide proof of concept that sialic acid blockade creates an immune-permissive tumor microenvironment for CD8+ T-cell-mediated tumor immunity, either as single treatment or in combination with other immune-based intervention strategies.Significance: Sialic acid sugars function as important modulators of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that limit potent antitumor immunity.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/13/3574/F1.large.jpg Cancer Res; 78(13); 3574-88. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Büll
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Boltje
- Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Natasja Balneger
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah M Weischer
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Melissa Wassink
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper J van Gemst
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Victor R Bloemendal
- Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Johan van der Vlag
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Torben Heise
- Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn H den Brok
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gosse J Adema
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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17
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Eymael J, Sharma S, Loeven MA, Wetzels JF, Mooren F, Florquin S, Deegens JK, Willemsen BK, Sharma V, van Kuppevelt TH, Bakker MA, Ostendorf T, Moeller MJ, Dijkman HB, Smeets B, van der Vlag J. CD44 is required for the pathogenesis of experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis and collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Kidney Int 2018; 93:626-642. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Averbeck M, Kuhn S, Bühligen J, Götte M, Simon JC, Polte T. Syndecan-1 regulates dendritic cell migration in cutaneous hypersensitivity to haptens. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:1060-1067. [PMID: 28453867 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In human dendritic cells (DCs), we previously demonstrated in vitro that syndecan-1 (SDC1) is downregulated during maturation correlating with enhanced motility. We investigated the effects of SDC1 on DC migration in vivo during TNCB(2,4,6-trinitro-1-chlorobenzene)-induced cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction (CHS) in mice. We show that DC in SDC1-deficient mice migrated faster and at a higher rate to lymph nodes draining the hapten-painted skin. Adoptive transfer of SDC1-deficient hapten- and fluorochrome-labelled DC into wild-type (WT) mice led to increased and faster migration of DC to paracortical lymph nodes, and to a stronger CHS compared to WT DC. In SDC1-/- mice, CCR7 remains longer on the DC surface within the first 15-minutes maturation (after LPS-induced maturation). In addition, a time-dependent upregulation of CCL2, CCL3, VCAM1 and talin was found during maturation in SDC1-/- DC. However, no difference in T-cell-stimulating capacity of SDC1-deficient DC was found compared to WT DC. Mechanistically, SDC1-deficient DC showed enhanced migration towards CCL21 and CCL19. This may result from functional overexpression of CCR7 in SDC1-/- DC. Increased and accelerated migration of otherwise functionally intact SDC1-deficient DC leads to an exacerbated CHS. Based on our results, we conclude that SDC1 on DC negatively regulates DC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Averbeck
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kuhn
- Department of Environmental Immunology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Bühligen
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Jan C Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Polte
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Environmental Immunology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Leipzig, Germany
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Abstract
Syndecans comprise a major family of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Syndecans are composed of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), heparan sulfate (HS) or both HS and chondroitin sulfate (CS), attached covalently to core proteins. Syndecans regulate many cellular processes, such as adhesion, proliferation, and migration. Syndecans bind and regulate molecules primarily through their HS chains, but do not bind to all HS/heparin-binding molecules. Furthermore, mice ablated for the syndecan-1 or -4 gene do not show major developmental abnormalities, but they do show striking pathological phenotypes when challenged with infectious or inflammatory stimuli and conditions, suggesting that certain functions of syndecans are specific and cannot be compensated for by other syndecans or other HSPGs. These observations underscore the physiological importance of syndecans and indicate a need to study the activities of isolated native syndecans to define their molecular and cellular functions, and to establish their biological significance. Here we describe methods to isolate syndecans and several assays to analyze their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyong Woo Park
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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20
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Binder Gallimidi A, Nussbaum G, Hermano E, Weizman B, Meirovitz A, Vlodavsky I, Götte M, Elkin M. Syndecan-1 deficiency promotes tumor growth in a murine model of colitis-induced colon carcinoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174343. [PMID: 28350804 PMCID: PMC5369774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Syndecan-1 (Sdc1) is an important member of the cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan family, highly expressed by epithelial cells in adult organisms. Sdc1 is involved in the regulation of cell migration, cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, growth-factor, chemokine and integrin activity, and implicated in inflammatory responses and tumorigenesis. Gastrointestinal tract represents an important anatomic site where loss of Sdc1 expression was reported both in inflammation and malignancy. However, the biological significance of Sdc1 in chronic colitis-associated tumorigenesis has not been elucidated. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to test the effects of Sdc1 loss on colorectal tumor development in inflammation-driven colon tumorigenesis. Utilizing a mouse model of colitis-related colon carcinoma induced by the carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM), followed by the inflammatory agent dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), we found that Sdc1 deficiency results in increased susceptibility to colitis-associated tumorigenesis. Importantly, colitis-associated tumors developed in Sdc1-defficient mice were characterized by increased local production of IL-6, activation of STAT3, as well as induction of several STAT3 target genes that act as important effectors of colonic tumorigenesis. Altogether, our results highlight a previously unknown effect of Sdc1 loss in progression of inflammation-associated cancer and suggest that decreased levels of Sdc1 may serve as an indicator of colon carcinoma progression in the setting of chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Binder Gallimidi
- Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gabriel Nussbaum
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Esther Hermano
- Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Barak Weizman
- Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amichay Meirovitz
- Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Muenster University, Medical Center, Muenster Germany
| | - Michael Elkin
- Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- * E-mail:
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21
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Fujikura D, Ikesue M, Endo T, Chiba S, Higashi H, Uede T. Death receptor 6 contributes to autoimmunity in lupus-prone mice. Nat Commun 2017; 8:13957. [PMID: 28045014 PMCID: PMC5216082 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Expansion of autoreactive follicular helper T (Tfh) cells is tightly restricted to prevent induction of autoantibody-dependent immunological diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here we show expression of an orphan immune regulator, death receptor 6 (DR6/TNFRSF21), on a population of Tfh cells that are highly expanded in lupus-like disease progression in mice. Genome-wide screening reveals an interaction between syndecan-1 and DR6 resulting in immunosuppressive functions. Importantly, syndecan-1 is expressed specifically on autoreactive germinal centre (GC) B cells that are critical for maintenance of Tfh cells. Syndecan-1 expression level on GC B cells is associated with Tfh cell expansion and disease progression in lupus-prone mouse strains. In addition, Tfh cell suppression by DR6-specific monoclonal antibody delays disease progression in lupus-prone mice. These findings suggest that the DR6/syndecan-1 axis regulates aberrant GC reactions and could be a therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases such as SLE. Germinal centre (GC) reactions are driven by T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and their dysregulation can cause autoimmune disease. Here the authors show that the orphan receptor DR6 is a Tfh cell marker that binds syndecan-1 on GC B cells driving autoimmunity in lupus-prone mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Fujikura
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, North-20, West-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.,Division of Molecular Immunology, Hokkaido University Institute for Genetic Medicine, North-15, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan.,Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, North-20, West-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ikesue
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Hokkaido University Institute for Genetic Medicine, North-15, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Endo
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Hokkaido University Institute for Genetic Medicine, North-15, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Satoko Chiba
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, North-20, West-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.,Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, North-20, West-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hideaki Higashi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, North-20, West-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Uede
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Hokkaido University Institute for Genetic Medicine, North-15, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
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van Gemst JJ, Loeven MA, de Graaf MJJ, Berden JHM, Rabelink TJ, Smit CH, van der Vlag J. RNA Contaminates Glycosaminoglycans Extracted from Cells and Tissues. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167336. [PMID: 27898729 PMCID: PMC5127559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are linear negatively charged polysaccharides and important components of extracellular matrices and cell surface glycan layers such as the endothelial glycocalyx. The GAG family includes sulfated heparin, heparan sulfate (HS), dermatan sulfate (DS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), keratan sulfate, and non-sulfated hyaluronan. Because relative expression of GAGs is dependent on cell-type and niche, isolating GAGs from cell cultures and tissues may provide insight into cell- and tissue-specific GAG structure and functions. In our objective to obtain structural information about the GAGs expressed on a specialized mouse glomerular endothelial cell culture (mGEnC-1) we adapted a recently published GAG isolation protocol, based on cell lysis, proteinase K and DNase I digestion. Analysis of the GAGs contributing to the mGEnC-1 glycocalyx indicated a large HS and a minor CS content on barium acetate gel. However, isolated GAGs appeared resistant to enzymatic digestion by heparinases. We found that these GAG extracts were heavily contaminated with RNA, which co-migrated with HS in barium acetate gel electrophoresis and interfered with 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) assays, resulting in an overestimation of GAG yields. We hypothesized that RNA may be contaminating GAG extracts from other cell cultures and possibly tissue, and therefore investigated potential RNA contaminations in GAG extracts from two additional cell lines, human umbilical vein endothelial cells and retinal pigmental epithelial cells, and mouse kidney, liver, spleen and heart tissue. GAG extracts from all examined cell lines and tissues contained varying amounts of contaminating RNA, which interfered with GAG quantification using DMMB assays and characterization of GAGs by barium acetate gel electrophoresis. We therefore recommend routinely evaluating the RNA content of GAG extracts and propose a robust protocol for GAG isolation that includes an RNA digestion step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper J. van Gemst
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Markus A. Loeven
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J. J. de Graaf
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jo H. M. Berden
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ton J. Rabelink
- Department of Nephrology and Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis H. Smit
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan van der Vlag
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Cathepsin L is crucial for the development of early experimental diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int 2016; 90:1012-1022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Genetic studies of hereditary forms of nephrotic syndrome have identified several proteins that are involved in regulating the permselective properties of the glomerular filtration system. Further extensive research has elucidated the complex molecular basis of the glomerular filtration barrier and clearly established the pivotal role of podocytes in the pathophysiology of glomerular diseases. Podocyte architecture is centred on focal adhesions and slit diaphragms - multiprotein signalling hubs that regulate cell morphology and function. A highly interconnected actin cytoskeleton enables podocytes to adapt in order to accommodate environmental changes and maintain an intact glomerular filtration barrier. Actin-based endocytosis has now emerged as a regulator of podocyte integrity, providing an impetus for understanding the precise mechanisms that underlie the steady-state control of focal adhesion and slit diaphragm components. This Review outlines the role of actin dynamics and endocytosis in podocyte biology, and discusses how molecular heterogeneity in glomerular disorders could be exploited to deliver more rational therapeutic interventions, paving the way for targeted medicine in nephrology.
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Garsen M, Rops AL, Li J, van Beneden K, van den Branden C, Berden JHM, Rabelink TJ, van der Vlag J. Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Prevents Heparanase Induction and the Development of Proteinuria. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160894. [PMID: 27505185 PMCID: PMC4978400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) deficiency exacerbates proteinuria and renal injury in several glomerular diseases, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. We recently showed that heparanase is essential for the development of experimental diabetic nephropathy and glomerulonephritis, and hypothesize that heparanase expression is regulated by eNOS. Here, we demonstrate that induction of adriamycin nephropathy (AN) in C57BL/6 eNOS-deficient mice leads to an increased glomerular heparanase expression accompanied with overt proteinuria, which was not observed in the AN-resistant wild type counterpart. In vitro, the eNOS inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) induced heparanase expression in cultured mouse glomerular endothelial cells. Moreover, ADMA enhanced transendothelial albumin passage in a heparanase-dependent manner. We conclude that eNOS prevents heparanase induction and the development of proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein Garsen
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Angelique L. Rops
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jinhua Li
- Department of Anatomy and developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katrien van Beneden
- Department of Human Anatomy, Liver Cell Biology Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Jo HM Berden
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ton J. Rabelink
- Department of Nephrology, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan van der Vlag
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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26
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Garsen M, Lenoir O, Rops ALWMM, Dijkman HB, Willemsen B, van Kuppevelt TH, Rabelink TJ, Berden JHM, Tharaux PL, van der Vlag J. Endothelin-1 Induces Proteinuria by Heparanase-Mediated Disruption of the Glomerular Glycocalyx. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27:3545-3551. [PMID: 27026367 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015091070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of CKD in the Western world. Endothelin receptor antagonists have emerged as a novel treatment for DN, but the mechanisms underlying the protective effect remain unknown. We previously showed that both heparanase and endothelin-1 are essential for the development of DN. Here, we further investigated the role of these proteins in DN, and demonstrated that endothelin-1 activates podocytes to release heparanase. Furthermore, conditioned podocyte culture medium increased glomerular transendothelial albumin passage in a heparanase-dependent manner. In mice, podocyte-specific knockout of the endothelin receptor prevented the diabetes-induced increase in glomerular heparanase expression, consequent reduction in heparan sulfate expression and endothelial glycocalyx thickness, and development of proteinuria observed in wild-type counterparts. Our data suggest that in diabetes, endothelin-1 signaling, as occurs in endothelial activation, induces heparanase expression in the podocyte, damage to the glycocalyx, proteinuria, and renal failure. Thus, prevention of these effects may constitute the mechanism of action of endothelin receptor blockers in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivia Lenoir
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institut de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France; and
| | | | | | | | | | - Ton J Rabelink
- Department of Nephrology, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pierre-Louis Tharaux
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institut de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France; and
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Garsen M, Benner M, Dijkman HB, van Kuppevelt TH, Li JP, Rabelink TJ, Vlodavsky I, Berden JHM, Rops ALWMM, Elkin M, van der Vlag J. Heparanase Is Essential for the Development of Acute Experimental Glomerulonephritis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:805-15. [PMID: 26873445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Heparanase, a heparan sulfate (HS)--specific endoglucuronidase, mediates the onset of proteinuria and renal damage during experimental diabetic nephropathy. Glomerular heparanase expression is increased in most proteinuric diseases. Herein, we evaluated the role of heparanase in two models of experimental glomerulonephritis, being anti-glomerular basement membrane and lipopolysaccharide-induced glomerulonephritis, in wild-type and heparanase-deficient mice. Induction of experimental glomerulonephritis led to an increased heparanase expression in wild-type mice, which was associated with a decreased glomerular expression of a highly sulfated HS domain, and albuminuria. Albuminuria was reduced in the heparanase-deficient mice in both models of experimental glomerulonephritis, which was accompanied by a better renal function and less renal damage. Notably, glomerular HS expression was preserved in the heparanase-deficient mice. Glomerular leukocyte and macrophage influx was reduced in the heparanase-deficient mice, which was accompanied by a reduced expression of both types 1 and 2 helper T-cell cytokines. In vitro, tumor necrosis factor-α and lipopolysaccharide directly induced heparanase expression and increased transendothelial albumin passage. Our study shows that heparanase contributes to proteinuria and renal damage in experimental glomerulonephritis by decreasing glomerular HS expression, enhancing renal leukocyte and macrophage influx, and affecting the local cytokine milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein Garsen
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marilen Benner
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Henry B Dijkman
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Toin H van Kuppevelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ton J Rabelink
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jo H M Berden
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Michael Elkin
- Sharett Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Johan van der Vlag
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Kowalewska PM, Nguyen UT, Burrows LL, Fox-Robichaud AE. Syndecan-1 (CD138) deficiency increases Staphylococcus aureus infection but has no effect on pathology in a mouse model of peritoneal dialysis. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:20. [PMID: 26832929 PMCID: PMC4736699 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0232-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Technique failure in peritoneal dialysis (PD) due to fibrosis and angiogenesis is complicated by peritonitis. Staphylococcus aureus infection is one of the most common causes of peritonitis in PD. The heparan sulfate proteoglycan, syndecan-1 (CD138), was reported to regulate fibrosis, angiogenesis, inflammation and S. aureus infection. The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of syndecan-1 on S. aureus infection and histopathology in a PD model. Results Syndecan-1-/- and wild type mice were dialyzed for 4 weeks and infected intraperitoneally with S. aureus. Tissues were collected after 4 h for histomorphometric analysis. Intravital microscopy was used to observe leukocyte recruitment and to quantify syndecan-1 in the parietal peritoneum microcirculation. The dialyzed syndecan-1-/- mice were more susceptible to S. aureus infection than undialyzed syndecan-1-/- controls and wild type animals. However, peritoneal fibrosis and neovascularization due to PD did not differ between syndecan-1-/- and wild type mice. Intravital microscopy showed that in S. aureus infection, syndecan-1 was removed from the subendothelial layer of peritoneal venules but syndecan-1 deficiency did not affect leukocyte recruitment. Conclusions This study indicates that, while syndecan-1 is important for providing a barrier to acute S. aureus infection in PD, it does not affect peritoneal fibrosis and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina M Kowalewska
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute and the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Uyen T Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and the Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lori L Burrows
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and the Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alison E Fox-Robichaud
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute and the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, C5-106, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada.
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29
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Garsen M, Sonneveld R, Rops ALWMM, Huntink S, van Kuppevelt TH, Rabelink TJ, Hoenderop JGJ, Berden JHM, Nijenhuis T, van der Vlag J. Vitamin D attenuates proteinuria by inhibition of heparanase expression in the podocyte. J Pathol 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein Garsen
- Department of Nephrology; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Ramon Sonneveld
- Department of Nephrology; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Angelique LWMM Rops
- Department of Nephrology; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Huntink
- Department of Nephrology; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Toin H van Kuppevelt
- Department of Biochemistry; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Ton J Rabelink
- Department of Nephrology, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular Medicine; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Joost GJ Hoenderop
- Department of Physiology; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Jo HM Berden
- Department of Nephrology; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Tom Nijenhuis
- Department of Nephrology; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Johan van der Vlag
- Department of Nephrology; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
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30
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Salmito FTS, de Oliveira Neves FM, Meneses GC, de Almeida Leitão R, Martins AMC, Libório AB. Glycocalyx injury in adults with nephrotic syndrome: Association with endothelial function. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 447:55-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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31
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Ramnath R, Foster RR, Qiu Y, Cope G, Butler MJ, Salmon AH, Mathieson PW, Coward RJ, Welsh GI, Satchell SC. Matrix metalloproteinase 9-mediated shedding of syndecan 4 in response to tumor necrosis factor α: a contributor to endothelial cell glycocalyx dysfunction. FASEB J 2014; 28:4686-99. [PMID: 25122554 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-252221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The endothelial surface glycocalyx is a hydrated mesh in which proteoglycans are prominent. It is damaged in diseases associated with elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). We investigated the mechanism of TNF-α-induced disruption of the glomerular endothelial glycocalyx. We used conditionally immortalized human glomerular endothelial cells (GEnCs), quantitative PCR arrays, Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and dot blots to examine the effects of TNF-α. TNF-α induced syndecan 4 (SDC4) mRNA up-regulation by 2.5-fold, whereas cell surface SDC4 and heparan sulfate (HS) were reduced by 36 and 30%, respectively, and SDC4 and sulfated glycosaminoglycan in the culture medium were increased by 52 and 65%, respectively, indicating TNF-α-induced shedding. Small interfering (siRNA) knockdown of SDC4 (by 52%) caused a corresponding loss of cell surface HS of similar magnitude (38%), and immunoprecipitation demonstrated that SDC4 and HS are shed as intact proteoglycan ectodomains. All of the effects of TNF-α on SDC4 and HS were abrogated by the metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor batimastat. Also abrogated was the associated 37% increase in albumin passage across GEnC monolayers. Specific MMP9 knockdown by siRNA similarly blocked TNF-α effects. SDC4 is the predominant HS proteoglycan in the GEnC glycocalyx. TNF-α-induced MMP9-mediated shedding of SDC4 is likely to contribute to the endothelial glycocalyx disruption observed in diabetes and inflammatory states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raina Ramnath
- Academic Renal Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca R Foster
- Academic Renal Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Yan Qiu
- Academic Renal Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - George Cope
- Academic Renal Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Matthew J Butler
- Academic Renal Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew H Salmon
- Academic Renal Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Peter W Mathieson
- Academic Renal Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard J Coward
- Academic Renal Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gavin I Welsh
- Academic Renal Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Simon C Satchell
- Academic Renal Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Kowalewska PM, Patrick AL, Fox-Robichaud AE. Syndecan-1 in the mouse parietal peritoneum microcirculation in inflammation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104537. [PMID: 25184228 PMCID: PMC4153572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-1 (CD138) was shown to regulate inflammatory responses by binding chemokines and cytokines and interacting with adhesion molecules, thereby modulating leukocyte trafficking to tissues. The objectives of this study were to examine the expression of syndecan-1 and its role in leukocyte recruitment and chemokine presentation in the microcirculation underlying the parietal peritoneum. Methods Wild-type BALB/c and syndecan-1 null mice were stimulated with an intraperitoneal injection of Staphylococcus aureus LTA, Escherichia coli LPS or TNFα and the microcirculation of the parietal peritoneum was examined by intravital microscopy after 4 hours. Fluorescence confocal microscopy was used to examine syndecan-1 expression in the peritoneal microcirculation using fluorescent antibodies. Blocking antibodies to adhesion molecules were used to examine the role of these molecules in leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in response to LTA. To determine whether syndecan-1 co-localizes with chemokines in vivo, fluorescent antibodies to syndecan-1 were co-injected intravenously with anti-MIP-2 (CXCL2), anti-KC (CXCL1) or anti-MCP-1 (CCL2). Results and Conclusion Syndecan-1 was localized to the subendothelial region of peritoneal venules and the mesothelial layer. Leukocyte rolling was significantly decreased with LPS treatment while LTA and TNFα significantly increased leukocyte adhesion compared with saline control. Leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions were not different in syndecan-1 null mice. Antibody blockade of β2 integrin (CD18), ICAM-1 (CD54) and VCAM-1 (CD106) did not decrease leukocyte adhesion in response to LTA challenge while blockade of P-selectin (CD62P) abrogated leukocyte rolling. Lastly, MIP-2 expression in the peritoneal venules was not dependent on syndecan-1 in vivo. Our data suggest that syndecan-1 is expressed in the parietal peritoneum microvasculature but does not regulate leukocyte recruitment and is not necessary for the presentation of the chemokine MIP-2 in this tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda L Patrick
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute and the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alison E Fox-Robichaud
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute and the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Syndecan-3 is selectively pro-inflammatory in the joint and contributes to antigen-induced arthritis in mice. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:R148. [PMID: 25015005 PMCID: PMC4227035 DOI: 10.1186/ar4610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Syndecans are heparan sulphate proteoglycans expressed by endothelial cells. Syndecan-3 is expressed by synovial endothelial cells of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients where it binds chemokines, suggesting a role in leukocyte trafficking. The objective of the current study was to examine the function of syndecan-3 in joint inflammation by genetic deletion in mice and compare with other tissues. Methods Chemokine C-X-C ligand 1 (CXCL1) was injected in the joints of syndecan-3−/−and wild-type mice and antigen-induced arthritis performed. For comparison chemokine was administered in the skin and cremaster muscle. Intravital microscopy was performed in the cremaster muscle. Results Administration of CXCL1 in knee joints of syndecan-3−/−mice resulted in reduced neutrophil accumulation compared to wild type. This was associated with diminished presence of CXCL1 at the luminal surface of synovial endothelial cells where this chemokine clustered and bound to heparan sulphate. Furthermore, in the arthritis model syndecan-3 deletion led to reduced joint swelling, leukocyte accumulation, cartilage degradation and overall disease severity. Conversely, CXCL1 administration in the skin of syndecan-3 null mice provoked increased neutrophil recruitment and was associated with elevated luminal expression of E-selectin by dermal endothelial cells. Similarly in the cremaster, intravital microscopy showed increased numbers of leukocytes adhering and rolling in venules in syndecan-3−/−mice in response to CXCL1 or tumour necrosis factor alpha. Conclusions This study shows a novel role for syndecan-3 in inflammation. In the joint it is selectively pro-inflammatory, functioning in endothelial chemokine presentation and leukocyte recruitment and cartilage damage in an RA model. Conversely, in skin and cremaster it is anti-inflammatory.
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Modulation of heparan sulfate in the glomerular endothelial glycocalyx decreases leukocyte influx during experimental glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 2014; 86:932-42. [PMID: 24759151 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2014.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The glomerular endothelial glycocalyx is postulated to be an important modulator of permeability and inflammation. The glycocalyx consists of complex polysaccharides, the main functional constituent of which, heparan sulfate (HS), is synthesized and modified by multiple enzymes. The N-deacetylase-N-sulfotransferase (Ndst) enzymes initiate and dictate the modification process. Here we evaluated the effects of modulation of HS in the endothelial glycocalyx on albuminuria and glomerular leukocyte influx using mice deficient in endothelial and leukocyte Ndst1 (TEKCre+/Ndst1flox/flox). In these mice, glomerular expression of a specific HS domain was significantly decreased, whereas the expression of other HS domains was normal. In the endothelial glycocalyx, this specific HS structure was not associated with albuminuria or with changes in renal function. However, glomerular leukocyte influx was significantly reduced during antiglomerular basement membrane nephritis, which was associated with less glomerular injury and better renal function. In vitro decreased adhesion of wild-type and Ndst1-deficient granulocytes to Ndst1-silenced glomerular endothelial cells was found, accompanied by a decreased binding of chemokines and L-selectin. Thus, modulation of HS in the glomerular endothelial glycocalyx significantly reduced the inflammatory response in antiglomerular basement membrane nephritis.
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35
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Ibrahim SA, Hassan H, Vilardo L, Kumar SK, Kumar AV, Kelsch R, Schneider C, Kiesel L, Eich HT, Zucchi I, Reinbold R, Greve B, Götte M. Syndecan-1 (CD138) modulates triple-negative breast cancer stem cell properties via regulation of LRP-6 and IL-6-mediated STAT3 signaling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e85737. [PMID: 24392029 PMCID: PMC3877388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Syndecan-1 (CD138), a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, acts as a coreceptor for growth factors and chemokines and is a molecular marker associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition during development and carcinogenesis. Resistance of Syndecan-1-deficient mice to experimentally-induced tumorigenesis has been linked to altered Wnt-responsive precursor cell pools, suggesting a potential role of Syndecan-1 in breast cancer cell stem function. However, the precise molecular mechanism is still elusive. Here, we decipher the functional impact of Syndecan-1 knockdown using RNA interference on the breast cancer stem cell phenotype of human triple-negative MDA-MB-231 and hormone receptor-positive MCF-7 cells in vitro employing an analytical flow cytometric approach. Successful Syndecan-1 siRNA knockdown was confirmed by flow cytometry. Side population measurement by Hoechst dye exclusion and Aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 activity revealed that Syndecan-1 knockdown in MDA-MB-231 cells significantly reduced putative cancer stem cell pools by 60% and 27%, respectively, compared to controls. In MCF-7 cells, Syndecan-1 depletion reduced the side population by 40% and Aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 by 50%, repectively. In MDA-MB-231 cells, the CD44(+)CD24(-/low) phenotype decreased significantly by 6% upon siRNA-mediated Syndecan-1 depletion. Intriguingly, IL-6, its receptor sIL-6R, and the chemokine CCL20, implicated in regulating stemness-associated pathways, were downregulated by >40% in Syndecan-1-silenced MDA-MB-231 cells, which showed a dysregulated response to IL-6-induced shifts in E-cadherin and vimentin expression. Furthermore, activation of STAT-3 and NFkB transcription factors and expression of a coreceptor for Wnt signaling, LRP-6, were reduced by >45% in Syndecan-1-depleted cells compared to controls. At the functional level, Syndecan-1 siRNA reduced the formation of spheres and cysts in MCF-7 cells grown in suspension culture. Our study demonstrates the viability of flow cytometric approaches in analyzing cancer stem cell function. As Syndecan-1 modulates the cancer stem cell phenotype via regulation of the Wnt and IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathways, it emerges as a promising novel target for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif A Ibrahim
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany ; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hebatallah Hassan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany ; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Sampath Katakam Kumar
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Archana Vijaya Kumar
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Reinhard Kelsch
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Cornelia Schneider
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ludwig Kiesel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans Theodor Eich
- Department of Radiotherapy - Radiooncology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | | | - Burkhard Greve
- Department of Radiotherapy - Radiooncology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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Garsen M, Rops AL, Rabelink TJ, Berden JH, van der Vlag J. The role of heparanase and the endothelial glycocalyx in the development of proteinuria. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 29:49-55. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Boels MGS, Lee DH, van den Berg BM, Dane MJC, van der Vlag J, Rabelink TJ. The endothelial glycocalyx as a potential modifier of the hemolytic uremic syndrome. Eur J Intern Med 2013; 24:503-9. [PMID: 23357408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2012.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a renal disease due to complement dysregulation. Many of the known causes of atypical HUS originate from genetic mutations of complement regulatory proteins, such as complement factor H (CFH) and thrombomodulin. However, atypical HUS has only a genetic penetrance of 40-50% of the cases and usually appears in adulthood. We introduce a novel factor that may be involved in the onset and development of atypical HUS, i.e. the endothelial surface glycocalyx. The glycocalyx is a highly interactive matrix covering the luminal side of vascular endothelial cells and consists of glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans and glycoproteins, which has an important role in maintaining homeostasis of the vasculature. The surface-bound glycocalyx glycosaminoglycan constituent heparan sulfate is crucial for CFH binding and function, both in recognition of host tissue and prevention of spontaneous complement activation via the alternative pathway. Most of the clinically relevant genetic mutations in CFH result in incorrect binding to heparan sulfate. In addition, a role between proper function of thrombomodulin and the endothelial glycocalyx has also been observed. We suggest that not only changes in binding properties of the complement regulatory proteins play a role but also changes in the endothelial glycocalyx are involved in increased risk of clinical manifestation of atypical HUS. Finally, vascular glycocalyx heterogeneity in turn could dictate the specific vulnerability of the glomerular vascular bed in atypical HUS and may provide new therapeutic targets to intervene with endothelial cell activation and local complement pathway regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margien G S Boels
- Department of Nephrology, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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38
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Pliyev BK. Anti-adhesive proteins and resolution of neutrophil-mediated inflammation. Immunobiology 2013; 218:1085-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Reijmers RM, Spaargaren M, Pals ST. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the control of B cell development and the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma. FEBS J 2013; 280:2180-93. [PMID: 23419151 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) have essential functions during embryonic development and throughout postnatal life. To exert these functions, they undergo a series of processing reactions by heparan-sulfate-modifying enzymes (HSMEs), which endows them with highly modified heparan sulfate (HS) domains that provide specific docking sites for a large number of bioactive molecules. The development and antigen-dependent differentiation of normal B lymphocytes, as well as the growth and progression of B-lineage malignancies, are orchestrated by an array of growth factors, cytokines and chemokines many of which display HS binding. As discussed in this review, tightly regulated HSPG expression is a requirement for normal B cell maturation, differentiation and function. In addition, the HSPG syndecan-1 functions as a versatile co-receptor for signals from the bone marrow microenvironment, essential for the survival of long-lived plasma cells and multiple myeloma (MM) plasma cells. Targeting of HSMEs or HS chains on MM cells increases their sensitivity to drugs currently used in MM treatment, including bortezomib, lenalidomide or dexamethasone. Taken together, these findings render the HS biosynthetic machinery a promising target for MM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogier M Reijmers
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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40
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Hassan H, Greve B, Pavao MSG, Kiesel L, Ibrahim SA, Götte M. Syndecan-1 modulates β-integrin-dependent and interleukin-6-dependent functions in breast cancer cell adhesion, migration, and resistance to irradiation. FEBS J 2013; 280:2216-27. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Burkhard Greve
- Department of Radiotherapy; University Hospital Münster; Germany
| | - Mauro S. G. Pavao
- Instituto de Bioquimica Medica; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brazil
| | - Ludwig Kiesel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics; University Hospital Münster; Germany
| | | | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics; University Hospital Münster; Germany
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41
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Sachs N, Sonnenberg A. Cell-matrix adhesion of podocytes in physiology and disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2013; 9:200-10. [PMID: 23338211 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2012.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cell-matrix adhesion is crucial for maintaining the mechanical integrity of epithelial tissues. Podocytes--a key component of the glomerular filtration barrier--are exposed to permanent transcapillary filtration pressure and must therefore adhere tightly to the underlying glomerular basement membrane (GBM). The major cell-matrix adhesion receptor in podocytes is the integrin α3β1, which connects laminin 521 in the GBM through various adaptor proteins to the intracellular actin cytoskeleton. Other cell-matrix adhesion receptors expressed by podocytes include the integrins α2β1 and αvβ3, α-dystroglycan, syndecan-4 and type XVII collagen. Mutations in genes encoding any of the components critical for podocyte adhesion cause glomerular disease. This Review highlights recent advances in our understanding of the cell biology and genetics of podocyte adhesion with special emphasis on glomerular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Sachs
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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42
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Abstract
Proteoglycans (PGs) impact many aspects of kidney health and disease. Models that permit genetic dissection of PG core protein and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) function have been instrumental to understanding their roles in the kidney. Matrix-associated PGs do not serve critical structural roles in the organ, nor do they contribute significantly to the glomerular barrier under normal conditions, but their abnormal expression influences fibrosis, inflammation, and progression of kidney disease. Most core proteins are dispensable for nephrogenesis (glypican-3 being an exception) and for maintenance of function in adult life, but their loss alters susceptibility to experimental kidney injury. In contrast, kidney development is exquisitely sensitive to GAG expression and fine structure as evidenced by the severe phenotypes of mutants for genes involved in GAG biosynthesis. This article reviews PG expression in normal kidney and the abnormalities caused by their disruption in mice and man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Harvey
- INSERM Avenir U983, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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Xiao J, Angsana J, Wen J, Smith SV, Park PW, Ford ML, Haller CA, Chaikof EL. Syndecan-1 displays a protective role in aortic aneurysm formation by modulating T cell-mediated responses. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 32:386-96. [PMID: 22173227 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.242198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic inflammation drives progressive and pathological remodeling inherent to formation of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Syndecan-1 (Sdc-1) is a cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan that displays the capacity to modulate inflammatory processes within the vascular wall. In the current investigation, the role of Sdc-1 in AAA formation was examined using 2 models of experimental aneurysm induction, angiotensin II infusion and elastase perfusion. METHODS AND RESULTS Sdc-1 deficiency exacerbated AAA formation in both experimental models and was associated with increased degradation of elastin, greater protease activity, and enhanced inflammatory cell recruitment into the aortic wall. Bone marrow transplantation studies indicated that deficiency of Sdc-1 in marrow-derived cells significantly contributed to AAA severity. Immunostaining revealed augmented Sdc-1 expression in a subset of AAA localized macrophages. We specifically characterized a higher percentage of CD4(+) T cells in Sdc-1-deficient AAA, and antibody depletion studies established the active role of T cells in aneurysmal dilatation. Finally, we confirmed the ability of Sdc-1 macrophage to modulate the inflammatory chemokine environment. CONCLUSIONS These investigations identify cross-talk between Sdc-1-expressing macrophages and AAA-localized CD4(+) T cells, with Sdc-1 providing an important counterbalance to T-cell-driven inflammation in the vascular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Xiao
- BIDMC, 110 Francis St, Suite 9F, Boston, MA 02215 or Carolyn A. Haller, PhD, BIDMC, 110 Francis St, Suite 9F, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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44
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Seidler DG, Mohamed NA, Bocian C, Stadtmann A, Hermann S, Schäfers K, Schäfers M, Iozzo RV, Zarbock A, Götte M. The role for decorin in delayed-type hypersensitivity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:6108-19. [PMID: 22043007 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Decorin, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan, regulates extracellular matrix organization, growth factor-mediated signaling, and cell growth. Because decorin may directly modulate immune responses, we investigated its role in a mouse model of contact allergy (oxazolone-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity [DTH]) in decorin-deficient (Dcn(-/-)) and wild-type mice. Dcn(-/-) mice showed a reduced ear swelling 24 h after oxazolone treatment with a concurrent attenuation of leukocyte infiltration. These findings were corroborated by reduced glucose metabolism, as determined by (18)fluordeoxyglucose uptake in positron emission tomography scans. Unexpectedly, polymorphonuclear leukocyte numbers in Dcn(-/-) blood vessels were significantly increased and accompanied by large numbers of flattened leukocytes adherent to the endothelium. Intravital microscopy and flow chamber and static adhesion assays confirmed increased adhesion and reduced transmigration of Dcn(-/-) leukocytes. Circulating blood neutrophil numbers were significantly increased in Dcn(-/-) mice 24 h after DTH elicitation, but they were only moderately increased in wild-type mice. Expression of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α was reduced, whereas syndecan-1 and ICAM-1 were overexpressed in inflamed ears of Dcn(-/-) mice, indicating that these adhesion molecules could be responsible for increased leukocyte adhesion. Decorin treatment of endothelial cells increased tyrosine phosphorylation and reduced syndecan-1 expression. Notably, absence of syndecan-1 in a genetic background lacking decorin rescued the attenuated DTH phenotype of Dcn(-/-) mice. Collectively, these results implicated a role for decorin in mediating DTH responses by influencing polymorphonuclear leukocyte attachment to the endothelium. This occurs via two nonmutually exclusive mechanisms that involve a direct antiadhesive effect on polymorphonuclear leukocytes and a negative regulation of ICAM-1 and syndecan-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela G Seidler
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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Teng YHF, Aquino RS, Park PW. Molecular functions of syndecan-1 in disease. Matrix Biol 2011; 31:3-16. [PMID: 22033227 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Syndecan-1 is a cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan that binds to many mediators of disease pathogenesis. Through these molecular interactions, syndecan-1 can modulate leukocyte recruitment, cancer cell proliferation and invasion, angiogenesis, microbial attachment and entry, host defense mechanisms, and matrix remodeling. The significance of syndecan-1 interactions in disease is underscored by the striking pathological phenotypes seen in the syndecan-1 null mice when they are challenged with disease-instigating agents or conditions. This review discusses the key molecular functions of syndecan-1 in modulating the onset, progression, and resolution of inflammatory diseases, cancer, and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Hui-Fang Teng
- Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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46
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Sarrazin S, Lamanna WC, Esko JD. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2011; 3:cshperspect.a004952. [PMID: 21690215 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a004952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1018] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are found at the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix, where they interact with a plethora of ligands. Over the last decade, new insights have emerged regarding the mechanism and biological significance of these interactions. Here, we discuss changing views on the specificity of protein-heparan sulfate binding and the activity of HSPGs as receptors and coreceptors. Although few in number, heparan sulfate proteoglycans have profound effects at the cellular, tissue, and organismal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Sarrazin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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47
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Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are found at the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix, where they interact with a plethora of ligands. Over the last decade, new insights have emerged regarding the mechanism and biological significance of these interactions. Here, we discuss changing views on the specificity of protein-heparan sulfate binding and the activity of HSPGs as receptors and coreceptors. Although few in number, heparan sulfate proteoglycans have profound effects at the cellular, tissue, and organismal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Sarrazin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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48
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Baston-Büst DM, Götte M, Janni W, Krüssel JS, Hess AP. Syndecan-1 knock-down in decidualized human endometrial stromal cells leads to significant changes in cytokine and angiogenic factor expression patterns. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2010; 8:133. [PMID: 21044331 PMCID: PMC2988802 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-8-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Successful embryonic implantation depends on a synchronized embryo-maternal dialogue. Chemokines, such as chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1), play essential roles in the maternal reproductive tract leading to morphological changes during decidualization, mediating maternal acceptance towards the semi-allograft embryo and induction of angiogenesis. Chemokine binding to their classical G-protein coupled receptors is essentially supported by the syndecan (Sdc) family of heparan sulfate proteoglycans. The aim of this study was to identify the involvement of Sdc-1 at the embryo-maternal interface regarding changes of the chemokine and angiogenic profile of the decidua during the process of decidualization and implantation in human endometrium. METHODS A stable Sdc-1 knock-down was generated in the immortalized human endometrial stromal cell line St-T1 and was named KdS1. The ability of KdS1 to decidualize was proven by Insulin-like growth factor binding 1 (IGFBP1) and prolactin (PRL) confirmation on mRNA level before further experiments were carried out. Dot blot protein analyses of decidualized knock-down cells vs non-transfected controls were performed. In order to imitate embryonic implantation, decidualized KdS1 were then incubated with IL-1beta, an embryo secretion product, vs controls. Statistical analyses were performed applying the Student's t-test with p < 0.05, p < 0.02 and p < 0.01 and one way post-hoc ANOVA test with p < 0.05 as cut-offs for statistical significance. RESULTS The induction of the Sdc-1 knock-down revealed significant changes in cytokine and angiogenic factor expression profiles of dKdS1 vs decidualized controls. Incubation with embryonic IL-1beta altered the expression patterns of KdS1 chemokines and angiogenic factors towards inflammatory-associated molecules and factors involved in matrix regulation. CONCLUSIONS Sdc-1 knock-down in human endometrial stroma cells led to fulminant changes regarding cytokine and angiogenic factor expression profiles upon decidualization and imitation of embryonic contact. Sdc-1 appears to play an important role as a co-receptor and storage factor for many cytokines and angiogenic factors during decidualization and implantation period, supporting proper implantation and angiogenesis by regulation of chemokine and angiogenic factor secretion in favour of the implanting embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunja M Baston-Büst
- University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of OB/GYN and REI, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of OB/GYN, Münster University Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Str. 33, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Janni
- University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of OB/GYN and REI, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan-Steffen Krüssel
- University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of OB/GYN and REI, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexandra P Hess
- University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of OB/GYN and REI, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Hamano Y, Okude T, Shirai R, Sato I, Kimura R, Ogawa M, Ueda Y, Yokosuka O, Kalluri R, Ueda S. Lack of collagen XVIII/endostatin exacerbates immune-mediated glomerulonephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2010; 21:1445-55. [PMID: 20616167 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2009050492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen XVIII is a component of the highly specialized extracellular matrix associated with basement membranes of epithelia and endothelia. In the normal kidney, collagen XVIII is distributed throughout glomerular and tubular basement membranes, mesangial matrix, and Bowman's capsule. Proteolytic cleavage within its C-terminal domain releases the fragment endostatin, which has antiangiogenic properties. Because damage to the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) accompanies immune-mediated renal injury, we investigated the role of collagen XVIII/endostatin in this disorder. We induced anti-GBM glomerulonephritis in collagen XVIII alpha1-null and wild-type mice and compared the resulting matrix accumulation, inflammation, and capillary rarefaction. Anti-GBM disease upregulated collagen XVIII/endostatin expression within the GBM and Bowman's capsule of wild-type mice. Collagen XVIII/endostatin-deficient mice developed more severe glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury than wild-type mice. Collagen XVIII/endostatin deficiency altered matrix remodeling, enhanced the inflammatory response, and promoted capillary rarefaction and vascular endothelial cell damage, but did not affect endothelial proliferation. Supplementing collagen XVIII-deficient mice with exogenous endostatin did not affect the progression of anti-GBM disease. Taken together, these results suggest that collagen XVIII/endostatin preserves the integrity of the extracellular matrix and capillaries in the kidney, protecting against progressive glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hamano
- Department of Nephrology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
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Van Sluis GL, Nieuwdorp M, Kamphuisen PW, van der Vlag J, Van Noorden CJF, Spek CA. A low molecular weight heparin inhibits experimental metastasis in mice independently of the endothelial glycocalyx. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11200. [PMID: 20574516 PMCID: PMC2888573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Some low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) prolong survival of cancer patients and inhibit experimental metastasis. The underlying mechanisms are still not clear but it has been suggested that LMWHs (at least in part) limit metastasis by preventing cancer cell-induced destruction of the endothelial glycocalyx. Methodology/Principal Findings To prove or refute this hypothesis, we determined the net effects of the endothelial glycocalyx in cancer cell extravasation and we assessed the anti-metastatic effect of a clinically used LMWH in the presence and absence of an intact endothelial glycocalyx. We show that both exogenous enzymatic degradation as well as endogenous genetic modification of the endothelial glycocalyx decreased pulmonary tumor formation in a murine experimental metastasis model. Moreover, LMWH administration significantly reduced the number of pulmonary tumor foci and thus experimental metastasis both in the presence or absence of an intact endothelial glycocalyx. Conclusions In summary, this paper shows that the net effect of the endothelial glycocalyx enhances experimental metastasis and that a LMWH does not limit experimental metastasis by a process involving the endothelial glycocalyx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geerte L. Van Sluis
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department Clinical Oncology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter W. Kamphuisen
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan van der Vlag
- Nephrology Research Laboratory, Department of Nephrology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - C. Arnold Spek
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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