1
|
Chen X, Gao M, Xia Y, Wang X, Qin J, He H, Liu W, Zhang X, Peng S, Zeng Z, Su Y, Zhang X. Phase separation of Nur77 mediates XS561-induced apoptosis by promoting the formation of Nur77/Bcl-2 condensates. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1204-1221. [PMID: 38486987 PMCID: PMC10935061 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 is a critical regulator of the survival and death of tumor cells. The pro-death effect of Nur77 can be regulated by its interaction with Bcl-2, resulting in conversion of Bcl-2 from a survival to killer. As Bcl-2 is overexpressed in various cancers preventing them from apoptosis and promoting their resistance to chemotherapy, targeting the apoptotic pathway of Nur77/Bcl-2 may lead to new cancer therapeutics. Here, we report our identification of XS561 as a novel Nur77 ligand that induces apoptosis of tumor cells by activating the Nur77/Bcl-2 pathway. In vitro and animal studies revealed an apoptotic effect of XS561 in a range of tumor cell lines including MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and MCF-7/LCC2 tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer (TAMR) in a Nur77-dependent manner. Mechanistic studies showed XS561 potently induced the translocation of Nur77 from the nucleus to mitochondria, resulting in mitochondria-related apoptosis. Interestingly, XS561-induced accumulation of Nur77 at mitochondria was associated with XS561 induction of Nur77 phase separation and the formation of Nur77/Bcl-2 condensates. Together, our studies identify XS561 as a new activator of the Nur77/Bcl-2 apoptotic pathway and reveal a role of phase separation in mediating the apoptotic effect of Nur77 at mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Meichun Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
| | - Yongzhen Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
| | - Jingbo Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
| | - Hongying He
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
| | - Weirong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
| | - Shuangzhou Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
| | - Zhiping Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
| | - Ying Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
- NucMito Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Xiaokun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Resveratrol protects osteocytes against oxidative stress in ovariectomized rats through AMPK/JNK1-dependent pathway leading to promotion of autophagy and inhibition of apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 9:16. [PMID: 36681672 PMCID: PMC9867734 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01331-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A large number of studies in recent years indicate that osteocytes are the orchestrators of bone remodeling by regulating both osteoblast and osteoclast activities. Oxidative stress-induced osteocyte apoptosis plays critical roles in the pathological processes of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Resveratrol is a natural polyphenolic compound that ameliorates postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, whether resveratrol regulates osteocyte apoptosis via autophagy remains largely unknown. The effects of resveratrol on regulating osteocyte apoptosis and autophagy were analyzed both in vivo and in vitro. In vitro, cultured MLO-Y4 cells were exposed to H2O2 with or without resveratrol. In vivo, an ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis model was constructed in rats with or without daily intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg body weight resveratrol. It was found that resveratrol attenuated H2O2-induced apoptosis through activating autophagy in cultured MLO-Y4 cells, which was mediated by the dissociation of Beclin-1/Bcl-2 complex in AMPK/JNK1-dependent pathway, ultimately regulating osteocytes function. Furthermore, it was shown that resveratrol treatment reduced osteocytes oxidative stress, inhibited osteocytes apoptosis and promoted autophagy in ovariectomized rats. Our study suggests that resveratrol protects against oxidative stress by restoring osteocytes autophagy and alleviating apoptosis via AMPK/JNK1 activation, therefore dissociating Bcl-2 from Beclin-1.
Collapse
|
3
|
Vervliet T, Duelen R, Pradhan A, La Rovere R, Roderick HL, Sampaolesi M. Cardiomyocyte differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells is delayed following knockout of Bcl-2. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:286222. [PMID: 36583297 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) regulates a wide array of cellular functions involved in cell death, cell survival and autophagy. Less known is its involvement in the differentiation of cardiomyocytes. As a consequence, mechanisms by which Bcl-2 contributes to cardiac differentiation remain to be elucidated. To address this, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to knockout (KO) BCL2 in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and investigated the consequence of this KO for differentiation towards cardiomyocytes. Our results indicate that differentiation of hiPSCs to cardiomyocytes was delayed following BCL2 KO. This was not related to the canonical anti-apoptotic function of Bcl-2. This delay led to reduced expression and activity of the cardiomyocyte Ca2+ toolkit. Finally, Bcl-2 KO reduced c-Myc expression and nuclear localization in the early phase of the cardiac differentiation process, which accounts at least in part for the observed delay in the cardiac differentiation. These results suggest that there is a central role for Bcl-2 in cardiomyocyte differentiation and maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Vervliet
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin Duelen
- Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ankit Pradhan
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rita La Rovere
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - H Llewelyn Roderick
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maurilio Sampaolesi
- Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gazdova M, Michalkova R, Kello M, Vilkova M, Kudlickova Z, Baloghova J, Mirossay L, Mojzis J. Chalcone-Acridine Hybrid Suppresses Melanoma Cell Progression via G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest, DNA Damage, Apoptosis, and Modulation of MAP Kinases Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12266. [PMID: 36293123 PMCID: PMC9603750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was focused on investigating the antiproliferative effects of chalcone hybrids in melanoma cancer cells. Among seven chalcone hybrids, the chalcone-acridine hybrid 1C was the most potent and was selected for further antiproliferative mechanism studies. This in vitro study revealed the potent antiproliferative effect of 1C via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. Cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase was associated with modulation of expression or phosphorylation of specific cell cycle-associated proteins (cyclin B1, p21, and ChK1), tubulins, as well as with the activation of the DNA damage response pathway. Chalcone 1C also induced apoptosis accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction evidenced by a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, increase in Bax/Bcl-xL ratio and cytochrome c release followed by caspase 3/7 activation. In addition, increased phosphorylation of MAP kinases (Erk1/2, p38 and JNK) was observed in chalcone 1C-treated melanoma cells. The strong antiproliferative activities of this chalcone-acridine hybrid suggest that it may be useful as an antimelanoma agent in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gazdova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Radka Michalkova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Kello
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Maria Vilkova
- NMR Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Kudlickova
- NMR Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Janette Baloghova
- Department of Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Mirossay
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jan Mojzis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zoheir KMA, Abd-Rabou AA, Darwish AM, Abdelhafez MA, Mahrous KF. Inhibition of induced-hepatic cancer in vivo through IQGAP1-shRNA gene therapy and modulation of TRAIL-induced apoptosis pathway. Front Oncol 2022; 12:998247. [PMID: 36276098 PMCID: PMC9581201 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.998247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liver cancer is the deadliest malignancy among common tumors. It is the top cause of cancer-related deaths in Egypt, and it is characterized by increasing occurrence among the population. The objective of this study was to determine the outcome of pre-treatment of IQGAP1-shRNA on induced mouse hepatocellular carcinoma model and evaluate the potency of this IQGAP1-shRNA plasmid to recover hepatic cancer as a new tool of cancer therapy. Therefore, we will use RNA interference (RNAi) technology to silence IQGAP1 oncogene to completely recover the chemically induced models for hepatic cancer by designing short RNAi specific for IQGAP1 gene in HCC cells in vivo and construct new vectors suitable for this purpose. We assigned mice into three groups: the first negative control group (NC) was injected with saline, the second control group was injected with shRNA (shNC), the third positive control group was injected with diethylnitrosamine (DENAA), and the fourth group was treated with the IQGAP1-shRNA prior to its exposure to DENA. Results Our results revealed that the treated group with IQGAP1-shRNA with DENA developed very few cases of hepatic cancer when compared with the positive control group. The positive control group exhibited significant increases in the liver function level as well as a decrease in serum albumin levels when compared to both the treated and the negative control groups. The altered levels of the serum α-fetoprotein as well as of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-4 in DENA-treated mice were significantly ameliorated by IQGAP1-shRNA administration. Flow cytometer analyses have indicated that the silencing of IQGAP1 cannot significantly modulate DENA-induced apoptosis in the circulating blood cells. Moreover, the elevated mRNA expression levels of IQGAP1, IQGAP3, KRas, HRas, interleukin-8, nuclear factor kappa B, caspase-3, caspase-9 and Bcl-2, were significantly decreased by the IQGAP1-shRNA treatment. However, the IQGAP2, DR4, DR5, p53 and BAX genes were found to be significantly up-regulated post-therapy. In agreement with these findings, IQGAP1-shRNA was able to modulate the DENA-induced histological changes in the mice liver which were represented by severe necrosis and hydropic degenerative changes. Conclusion Our study revealed that IQGAP1-shRNA was able to preserve hepatocyte integrity and the liver histological architecture through the regulation of the expression of IQGAPs, Ras, TRAILs and IL-8 receptors, as well as of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes. Therefore, the silencing of IQGAP1 could be part of a promising therapeutic strategy against hepatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khairy M. A. Zoheir
- Cell Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Khairy M. A. Zoheir,
| | - Ahmed A. Abd-Rabou
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Darwish
- Cell Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelhafez
- Cell Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Karima F. Mahrous
- Cell Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim G, Jang SK, Kim YJ, Jin HO, Bae S, Hong J, Park IC, Lee JH. Inhibition of Glutamine Uptake Resensitizes Paclitaxel Resistance in SKOV3-TR Ovarian Cancer Cell via mTORC1/S6K Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158761. [PMID: 35955892 PMCID: PMC9369036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a carcinoma that affects women and that has a high mortality rate. Overcoming paclitaxel resistance is important for clinical application. However, the effect of amino acid metabolism regulation on paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer is still unknown. In this study, the effect of an amino acid-deprived condition on paclitaxel resistance in paclitaxel-resistant SKOV3-TR cells was analyzed. We analyzed the cell viability of SKOV3-TR in culture conditions in which each of the 20 amino acids were deprived. As a result, the cell viability of the SKOV3-TR was significantly reduced in cultures deprived of arginine, glutamine, and lysine. Furthermore, we showed that the glutamine-deprived condition inhibited mTORC1/S6K signaling. The decreased cell viability and mTORC1/S6K signaling under glutamine-deprived conditions could be restored by glutamine and α-KG supplementation. Treatment with PF-4708671, a selective S6K inhibitor, and the selective glutamine transporter ASCT2 inhibitor V-9302 downregulated mTOR/S6K signaling and resensitized SKOV3-TR to paclitaxel. Immunoblotting showed the upregulation of Bcl-2 phosphorylation and a decrease in Mcl-1 expression in SKOV3-TR via the cotreatment of paclitaxel with PF-4708671 and V-9302. Collectively, this study demonstrates that the inhibition of glutamine uptake can resensitize SKOV3-TR to paclitaxel and represents a promising therapeutic target for overcoming paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongmi Kim
- Division of Fusion Radiology Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Se-Kyeong Jang
- Division of Fusion Radiology Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea
- Department of Food and Microbial Technology, Seoul Women’s University, 621 Hwarangro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Yu Jin Kim
- Division of Fusion Radiology Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea
- Department of Biological Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ok Jin
- KIRAMS Radiation Biobank, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Seunghee Bae
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jungil Hong
- Department of Food and Microbial Technology, Seoul Women’s University, 621 Hwarangro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - In-Chul Park
- Division of Fusion Radiology Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea
- Correspondence: (I.-C.P.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Jae Ho Lee
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: (I.-C.P.); (J.H.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Breedon SA, Gupta A, Storey KB. Regulation of Apoptosis and Autophagy During Anoxia in the Freshwater Crayfish, Faxonius virilis. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:626-639. [PMID: 35567599 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ability of an animal to survive prolonged periods of oxygen deprivation is a critical area of study, both in terms of its importance to better understanding the physiology of these incredible animals and to its potential applicability to medical fields. The freshwater crayfish, Faxonius virilis, is one such animal capable of resisting anoxia, but it remains understudied and much of the metabolic mechanisms underlying this anoxia tolerance remain largely unprofiled. This study examines the activity and regulation of apoptosis and autophagy in F. virilis in response to 20-h anoxia. Apoptosis signaling was assessed through pro- and anti-apoptosis targets, whereas autophagy was assessed via expression response of multiple autophagy proteins. An anoxia-triggered, tissue-specific result arose, potentially based on the importance of individual organ integrity through hypometabolism. Tail muscle, which showed increased expression profiles of all three target groups, contrasted with hepatopancreas, which appeared to not be susceptible to either apoptotic or autophagic signaling during anoxia. This is likely due to the importance of the hepatopancreas, given that apoptosis or autophagy of this organ at any significant level could be fatal to the organism. The data provides a comprehensive overview of the responses and integration of multiple stress-responsive signaling pathways in F. virilis that provide a novel contribution to our understanding of pro-survival mechanisms supporting invertebrate anoxia resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Breedon
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Aakriti Gupta
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tang J, Yao C, Liu Y, Yuan J, Wu L, Hosoi K, Yu S, Huang C, Wei H, Chen G. Arsenic trioxide induces expression of BCL-2 expression via NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways in BEAS-2B cells during apoptosis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 222:112531. [PMID: 34303041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic compounds are environmental toxicants that are widely distributed in air, water, and food. B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) is an oncogene having anti-apoptotic function. In this study, we clarify that BCL-2, as a pro-apoptotic factor, participates in As2O3-induced apoptosis in BEAS-2B cells. Specifically, As2O3 stimulated the expression of BCL-2 mRNA and protein in a dose-dependent manner which was highly accumulated in the nucleus of BEAS-2B cell together with chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation during apoptosis. Mechanistically, the process described above is mediated through the NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, which can be abated by corresponding inhibitors, such as BAY11-7082 and SB203580, respectively. Additionally, BAY11-7082, actinomycin D, and cycloheximide have inhibitory effects on As2O3-induced expression of BCL-2 mRNA and protein, and restore the cell viability of BEAS-2B cells. Suppression of BCL-2 protein activation by ABT-199 also restored viability of BEAS-2B cell in As2O3-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, As2O3 increased the level of BCL-2 phosphorylation. These results suggest that in BEAS-2B cells, As2O3-induced apoptosis is mainly dominated by BCL-2 upregulation, nuclear localization and phosphorylation. The study presented here provides a novel insight into the molecular mechanism of BCL-2-induced apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenjuan Yao
- Department of Molecular Oral Physiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Toku shima-Shi 770-8504, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yingqi Liu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaming Yuan
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kazuo Hosoi
- Department of Molecular Oral Physiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Toku shima-Shi 770-8504, Tokushima, Japan; Kosei Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Osaka-shi 540-0039, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shali Yu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunyan Huang
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Haiyan Wei
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wu C, Peng S, Pilié PG, Geng C, Park S, Manyam GC, Lu Y, Yang G, Tang Z, Kondraganti S, Wang D, Hudgens CW, Ledesma DA, Marques-Piubelli ML, Torres-Cabala CA, Curry JL, Troncoso P, Corn PG, Broom BM, Thompson TC. PARP and CDK4/6 Inhibitor Combination Therapy Induces Apoptosis and Suppresses Neuroendocrine Differentiation in Prostate Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1680-1691. [PMID: 34158347 PMCID: PMC8456452 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the efficacy and mechanistic interactions of PARP inhibition (PARPi; olaparib) and CDK4/6 inhibition (CDK4/6i; palbociclib or abemaciclib) combination therapy in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) models. We demonstrated that combined olaparib and palbociblib or abemaciclib treatment resulted in synergistic suppression of the p-Rb1-E2F1 signaling axis at the transcriptional and posttranslational levels, leading to disruption of cell-cycle progression and inhibition of E2F1 gene targets, including genes involved in DDR signaling/damage repair, antiapoptotic BCL-2 family members (BCL-2 and MCL-1), CDK1, and neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) markers in vitro and in vivo In addition, olaparib + palbociclib or olaparib + abemaciclib combination treatment resulted in significantly greater growth inhibition and apoptosis than either single agent alone. We further showed that PARPi and CDK4/6i combination treatment-induced CDK1 inhibition suppressed p-S70-BCL-2 and increased caspase cleavage, while CDK1 overexpression effectively prevented the downregulation of p-S70-BCL-2 and largely rescued the combination treatment-induced cytotoxicity. Our study defines a novel combination treatment strategy for CRPC and NEPC and demonstrates that combination PARPi and CDK4/6i synergistically promotes suppression of the p-Rb1-E2F1 axis and E2F1 target genes, including CDK1 and NED proteins, leading to growth inhibition and increased apoptosis in vitro and in vivo Taken together, our results provide a molecular rationale for PARPi and CDK4/6i combination therapy and reveal mechanism-based clinical trial opportunities for men with NEPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wu
- Genitourinary Medical Oncology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Peng
- Genitourinary Medical Oncology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Patrick G. Pilié
- Genitourinary Medical Oncology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chuandong Geng
- Genitourinary Medical Oncology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sanghee Park
- Genitourinary Medical Oncology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ganiraju C. Manyam
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yungang Lu
- Genitourinary Medical Oncology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Guang Yang
- Genitourinary Medical Oncology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhe Tang
- Genitourinary Medical Oncology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shakuntala Kondraganti
- Genitourinary Medical Oncology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Daoqi Wang
- Genitourinary Medical Oncology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Courtney W. Hudgens
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Debora A. Ledesma
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mario L. Marques-Piubelli
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Carlos A. Torres-Cabala
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jonathan L. Curry
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Patricia Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Paul G. Corn
- Genitourinary Medical Oncology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bradley M. Broom
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Timothy C. Thompson
- Genitourinary Medical Oncology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Corresponding Author: Timothy C. Thompson, Genitourinary Medical Oncology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030. Phone: 713-792-9955; Fax: 713-792-9956; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Choi SJ, Ahn CH, Hong KO, Kim JH, Hong SD, Shin JA, Cho SD. Molecular mechanism underlying the apoptotic modulation by ethanol extract of Pseudolarix kaempferi in mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the salivary glands. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:427. [PMID: 34391437 PMCID: PMC8364062 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudolarix kaempferi is a traditional Chinese natural product that possesses the potential cytotoxic effects against cancer. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying its cytotoxic effects has not yet been completely elucidated. Here, we clarify the mechanism via which the ethanol extract of P. kaempferi (EEPK) leads to cytotoxicity mediated by apoptosis in mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) originating from the salivary glands. Methods We investigated the mechanism underlying the anticancer efficacy of EEPK in human MEC in vitro by assessing mitochondrial dysfunction, mRNA levels, and morphological changes in apoptotic cell nuclei as well as by using a cytotoxicity assay, flow cytometric analysis, and western blotting. Results EEPK inhibited the growth of two human MEC cells and stimulated the induction of caspase-mediated apoptosis that was accompanied by mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Compared with the vehicle control groups, EEPK decreased myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) expression in both cells whereas it significantly decreased B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expression in MC3 cells only. The EEPK-induced altered Mcl-1 expression was caused by translational inhibition and proteasomal degradation. Additionally, EEPK significantly increased p-Bcl-2 (Ser70) expression regardless of its total forms by facilitating the activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway, which exhibited cell context dependency. Nevertheless, JNK activation following EEPK treatment was, at least in part, required for the proapoptotic efficacy of EEPK in both cells. Conclusions This study revealed that EEPK-induced alterations of Mcl-1 inhibition and JNK/Bcl-2 phosphorylation cause apoptosis and provided basic preclinical data for future clinical trials regarding therapy for patients with MEC. Graphic abstract ![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jung Choi
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,51-9, HLB Life Science Co., Ltd., Dongtancheomdansaneop 1-ro, 8f, Gyeonggi-do, 18469, Hwaseong-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ok Hong
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,, 412Ho, Healthcare Innovation Park, 172 Dolma-ro, Bundang-gu, Gyeonggi-do, 13605, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Doo Hong
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Shin
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Dae Cho
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang L, Lu Z, Zhao X. Targeting Bcl-2 for cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188569. [PMID: 34015412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis deficiency is one of the most important features observed in neoplastic diseases. The Bcl-2 family is composed of a subset of proteins that act as decisive apoptosis regulators. Research and clinical studies have both demonstrated that the hyperactivation of Bcl-2-related anti-apoptotic effects correlates with cancer occurrence, progression and prognosis, also having a role in facilitating the radio- and chemoresistance of various malignancies. Therefore, targeting Bcl-2 inactivation has provided some compelling therapeutic advantages by enhancing apoptotic sensitivity or reversing drug resistance. Therefore, this pharmacological route turned into one of the most promising routes for cancer treatment. This review discusses some of the well-defined and emerging roles of Bcl-2 as well as its potential clinical value in cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, LN, China
| | - Zaiming Lu
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, LN, China.
| | - Xiangxuan Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, LN, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang Z, Song T, Guo Z, Cao K, Chen C, Feng Y, Wang H, Yin F, Zhou S, Dai J, Zhang Z. Targeting the Allosteric Pathway That Interconnects the Core-Functional Scaffold and the Distal Phosphorylation Sites for Specific Dephosphorylation of Bcl-2. J Med Chem 2020; 63:13733-13744. [PMID: 33197310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is the most significant post-translational modification for regulating cellular activities, but site-specific modulation of phosphorylation is still challenging. Using three-dimensional NMR spectra, molecular dynamics simulations, and alanine mutations, we identified that the interaction network between pT69/pS70 and R106/R109 residues prevents the phosphorylation sites from exposure to phosphatase and subsequent dephosphorylation. A Bcl-2-dephosphorylation probe, S1-6e, was designed by installing a carboxylic acid group to a Bcl-2 inhibitor. The carboxyl group competitively disrupts the interaction network between R106/R109 and pT69/pS70 and subsequently facilitates Bcl-2 dephosphorylation in living cells. As a result, S1-6e manifests a more effective apoptosis induction in pBcl-2-dependent cancer cells than other inhibitors exhibiting a similar binding affinity for Bcl-2. We believe that targeting the allosteric pathways interconnecting the core-functional domain and the phosphorylation site can be a general strategy for a rational design of site-specific dephosphorylating probes, since the allosteric pathway has been discovered in a variety of proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Ting Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Zongwei Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Keke Cao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Yingang Feng
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Hang Wang
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Fangkui Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Sheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Jian Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bastin G, Dissanayake K, Langburt D, Tam ALC, Lee SH, Lachhar K, Heximer SP. RGS4 controls Gαi3-mediated regulation of Bcl-2 phosphorylation on TGN38-containing intracellular membranes. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs241034. [PMID: 32501280 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.241034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular pools of the heterotrimeric G-protein α-subunit Gαi3 (encoded by GNAI3) have been shown to promote growth factor signaling, while at the same time inhibiting the activation of JNK and autophagic signaling following nutrient starvation. The precise molecular mechanisms linking Gαi3 to both stress and growth factor signaling remain poorly understood. Importantly, JNK-mediated phosphorylation of Bcl-2 was previously found to activate autophagic signaling following nutrient deprivation. Our data shows that activated Gαi3 decreases Bcl-2 phosphorylation, whereas inhibitors of Gαi3, such as RGS4 and AGS3 (also known as GPSM1), markedly increase the levels of phosphorylated Bcl-2. Manipulation of the palmitoylation status and intracellular localization of RGS4 suggests that Gαi3 modulates phosphorylated Bcl-2 levels and autophagic signaling from discreet TGN38 (also known as TGOLN2)-labeled vesicle pools. Consistent with an important role for these molecules in normal tissue responses to nutrient deprivation, increased Gαi signaling within nutrient-starved adrenal glands from RGS4-knockout mice resulted in a dramatic abrogation of autophagic flux, compared to wild-type tissues. Together, these data suggest that the activity of Gαi3 and RGS4 from discreet TGN38-labeled vesicle pools are critical regulators of autophagic signaling that act via their ability to modulate phosphorylation of Bcl-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Bastin
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Translational Biology and Engineering Program, 661 University Ave. 14th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
- Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, Room 303, C. David Naylor Building, 6 Queen's Park Crescent West, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H2, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Kaveesh Dissanayake
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Dylan Langburt
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Translational Biology and Engineering Program, 661 University Ave. 14th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Alex L C Tam
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Shin-Haw Lee
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Translational Biology and Engineering Program, 661 University Ave. 14th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Karanjit Lachhar
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Scott P Heximer
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Translational Biology and Engineering Program, 661 University Ave. 14th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
- Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, Room 303, C. David Naylor Building, 6 Queen's Park Crescent West, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H2, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Canonici A, Browne AL, Ibrahim MFK, Fanning KP, Roche S, Conlon NT, O’Neill F, Meiller J, Cremona M, Morgan C, Hennessy BT, Eustace AJ, Solca F, O’Donovan N, Crown J. Combined targeting EGFR and SRC as a potential novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835919897546. [PMID: 32064003 PMCID: PMC6987485 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919897546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast
cancer with limited therapeutic options. Epidermal growth factor receptor
(EGFR) has been shown to be over-expressed in TNBC and represents a rational
treatment target. Methods: We examined single agent and combination effects for afatinib and dasatinib
in TNBC. We then determined IC50 and combination index values
using Calcusyn. Functional analysis of single and combination treatments was
performed using reverse phase protein array and cell cycle analysis.
Finally, we determined the anticancer effects of the combination in
vivo. Results: A total of 14 TNBC cell lines responded to afatinib with IC50
values ranging from 0.008 to 5.0 µM. Three cell lines, belonging to the
basal-like subtype of TNBC, were sensitive to afatinib. The addition of
afatinib enhanced response to the five other targeted therapies in HCC1937
and HDQP1 cells. The combination of afatinib with dasatinib caused the
greatest growth inhibition in both cell lines. The afatinib/dasatinib
combination was synergistic and/or additive in 13/14 TNBC cell lines.
Combined afatinib/dasatinib treatment induced G1 cell cycle arrest. Reverse
phase protein array results showed the afatinib/dasatinib combination
resulted in efficient inhibition of both pERK(T202/T204) and pAkt(S473)
signalling in BT20 cells, which was associated with the greatest
antiproliferative effects. High baseline levels of pSrc(Y416) and pMAPK(p38)
correlated with sensitivity to afatinib, whereas low levels of B-cell
lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) correlated with
synergistic growth inhibition by combined afatinib and dasatinib treatment.
In vivo, the combination treatment inhibited tumour
growth in a HCC1806 xenograft model. Conclusions: We demonstrate that afatinib combined with dasatinib has potential clinical
activity in TNBC but warrants further preclinical investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Canonici
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology,
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alacoque L. Browne
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology,
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mohamed F. K. Ibrahim
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology,
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kevin P. Fanning
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology,
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sandra Roche
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology,
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Neil T. Conlon
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology,
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona O’Neill
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology,
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Justine Meiller
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology,
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mattia Cremona
- Medical Oncology Group, Department of Molecular
Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin,
Ireland
| | - Clare Morgan
- Medical Oncology Group, Department of Molecular
Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin,
Ireland
| | - Bryan T. Hennessy
- Medical Oncology Group, Department of Molecular
Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin,
Ireland
| | | | - Flavio Solca
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG,
Vienna, Austria
| | - Norma O’Donovan
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology,
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Crown
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology,
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Vincent’s
University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li R, Wang X, Zhang X, Yu J, Feng J, Lv P, Lou Y, Chen Y. Ad5-EMC6 mediates antitumor activity in gastric cancer cells through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 513:663-668. [PMID: 30982575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex subunit 6 (EMC6), also known as transmembrane protein 93 (transmembrane protein 93, TMEM93), is an autophagy-related protein. EMC6 overexpression inhibits cancer cell growth and induces apoptosis, but the interaction partners of EMC6 and its cellular responsibilities remain incompletely understood. In this study, we report that adenovirus-mediated ectopic overexpression of EMC6 (Ad5-EMC6) in BGC823 and SGC7901 gastric cancer cells decreases the activity of ERK1/2, down-regulates the levels of BCL-2 protein and phosphorylated BCL-2, increases the expression of tBID and BAX, and decreases mitochondrial membrane potential and subsequently leading to cell apoptosis. In a xenograft tumor model, we found that Ad5-EMC6 impairs the tumorigenesis of SGC7901 gastric cancer cells in nude mice. Additionally, Ad5-EMC6 enhances the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic drug etoposide. Collectively, these results demonstrate that EMC6-induced apoptosis of gastric cancer cells occurs at least partially through the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathway. Our study suggests a rational basis for the potential clinical application of Ad5-EMC6 in gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riyong Li
- Department of Immunology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaokun Wang
- Functional Testing of Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jiahong Yu
- Department of Immunology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jinqiu Feng
- Department of Immunology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ping Lv
- Department of Immunology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yaxin Lou
- Medical and Healthy Analytical Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Yingyu Chen
- Department of Immunology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang L, Li J, Shi X, Li S, Tang PMK, Li Z, Li H, Wei C. Antimalarial Dihydroartemisinin triggers autophagy within HeLa cells of human cervical cancer through Bcl-2 phosphorylation at Ser70. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 52:147-156. [PMID: 30599894 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As an effective antimalarial medicine, Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) has therapeutic potential on human cervical cancer. However, its working mechanism has not been elucidated. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the reversal effect of DHA on human cervical cancer HeLa cells, and explored its mechanism of action in vitro and in vivo. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS The effect and mechanism of DHA on HeLa cells was examined by using CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and Western blot analysis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. RESULTS In this study, it was confirmed that DHA had statistically equivalent anti-tumor efficiency in HeLa cells with a clinical chemotherapeutic agent of cisplatin. Meanwhile, DHA triggered autophagy, where LC3B-II expression was dose-dependently increased. Further, it was revealed that DHA promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, with DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) damage, as up-regulation of γH2AX protein and foci formation. Interestingly, we firstly demonstrated that DHA induced autophagy through promotion of the phosphorylation of Bcl-2 (Ser70), independent of the phosphorylated JNK1/2 (Thr183/Tyr185). Moreover, DHA-treated HeLa cells displayed an increase in the pro-autophagic protein Beclin-1 with downregulated the phospho-mTOR (Ser2448). Furthermore, upregulated pro-apoptotic protein Bak-1, but not Bax, suggesting Bak-1 is included in DHA-induced autophagy. CONCLUSION Therefore, DHA upregulates the phosphorylation of Bcl-2 (Ser70) and mTOR (Ser2448) and induces autophagic cell death in Hela cells. This study provided a mechanism to support DHA, an autophagy inducer, as a potential therapeutic agent for human cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis Prophylaxis and Treatment by Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jianchun Li
- Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis Prophylaxis and Treatment by Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xinli Shi
- Hebei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plant Bioreactor Preparation Technology, Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050081, China.
| | - Shenghao Li
- Hebei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plant Bioreactor Preparation Technology, Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050081, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050081, China
| | - Cong Wei
- Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis Prophylaxis and Treatment by Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen S, Wang LL, Sun KX, Liu Y, Guan X, Zong ZH, Zhao Y. LncRNA TDRG1 enhances tumorigenicity in endometrial carcinoma by binding and targeting VEGF-A protein. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3013-3021. [PMID: 29920344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in females. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been associated with cancer; its role in endometrial carcinoma is an emerging area of research. In this article, lncRNA TDRG1 expression in human endometrial carcinoma tissues and normal endometrial tissues was quantified by qRT-PCR. LncRNA TDRG1 was overexpressed or knocked-down in neither HEC-1B nor Ishikawa endometrial carcinoma cells, respectively, to assess cellular phenotype and expression of related molecules. Our results showed that lncRNA TDRG1 was significantly overexpressed in endometrial carcinoma tissues. Overexpression of lncRNA TDRG1 promoted endometrial carcinoma cell viability, invasion and migratory ability, inhibited apoptosis, and upregulated VEGF-A, PI3K, Bcl-2, MMP2 and survivin; knockdown of lncRNA TDRG1 had the opposite effects. LncRNA TDRG1 overexpression increased tumorigenicity in vivo and was associated with the upregulation of VEGF-A. RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays confirmed that lncRNA TDRG1 directly binds to VEGF-A protein. Furthermore, knockdown of VEGFA in lncRNA TDRG1-overexpressing endometrial carcinoma cells reversed the effects of lncRNA TDRG1 on cell proliferation, invasion, migration and apoptosis. In conclusion, lncRNA TDRG1 may promote endometrial carcinoma cell proliferation and invasion by positively targeting VEGF-A and modulating relative genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, and Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institute in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510150, PR China
| | - Li-Li Wang
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Kai-Xuan Sun
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Xue Guan
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hong Zong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, and Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institute in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510150, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, and Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institute in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510150, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
MDA-9/Syntenin regulates protective autophagy in anoikis-resistant glioma stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:5768-5773. [PMID: 29760085 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1721650115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs) comprise a small subpopulation of glioblastoma multiforme cells that contribute to therapy resistance, poor prognosis, and tumor recurrence. Protective autophagy promotes resistance of GSCs to anoikis, a form of programmed cell death occurring when anchorage-dependent cells detach from the extracellular matrix. In nonadherent conditions, GSCs display protective autophagy and anoikis-resistance, which correlates with expression of melanoma differentiation associated gene-9/Syntenin (MDA-9) (syndecan binding protein; SDCBP). When MDA-9 is suppressed, GSCs undergo autophagic death supporting the hypothesis that MDA-9 regulates protective autophagy in GSCs under anoikis conditions. MDA-9 maintains protective autophagy through phosphorylation of BCL2 and by suppressing high levels of autophagy through EGFR signaling. MDA-9 promotes these changes by modifying FAK and PKC signaling. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function genetic approaches demonstrate that MDA-9 regulates pEGFR and pBCL2 expression through FAK and pPKC. EGFR signaling inhibits autophagy markers (ATG5, Lamp1, LC3B), helping to maintain protective autophagy, and along with pBCL2 maintain survival of GSCs. In the absence of MDA-9, this protective mechanism is deregulated; EGFR no longer maintains protective autophagy, leading to highly elevated and sustained levels of autophagy and consequently decreased cell survival. In addition, pBCL2 is down-regulated in the absence of MDA-9, leading to cell death in GSCs under conditions of anoikis. Our studies confirm a functional link between MDA-9 expression and protective autophagy in GSCs and show that inhibition of MDA-9 reverses protective autophagy and induces anoikis and cell death in GSCs.
Collapse
|
19
|
Cabrera M, Echeverria E, Lenicov FR, Cardama G, Gonzalez N, Davio C, Fernández N, Menna PL. Pharmacological Rac1 inhibitors with selective apoptotic activity in human acute leukemic cell lines. Oncotarget 2017; 8:98509-98523. [PMID: 29228706 PMCID: PMC5716746 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rac1 GTPase has long been recognized as a critical regulatory protein in different cellular and molecular processes involved in cancer progression, including acute myeloid leukemia. Here we show the antitumoral activity of ZINC69391 and 1A-116, two chemically-related Rac1 pharmacological inhibitors, on a panel of four leukemic cell lines representing different levels of maturation. Importantly, we show that the main mechanism involved in the antitumoral effect triggered by the Rac1 inhibitors comprises the induction of the mitochondrial or intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Interestingly, Rac1 inhibition selectively induced apoptosis on patient-derived leukemia cells but not on normal mononuclear cells. These results show the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting Rac1 pathway in hematopoietic malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maia Cabrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica (ININFA-UBA CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emiliana Echeverria
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica (ININFA-UBA CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Remes Lenicov
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, Facultad de Medicina, (INBIRS-UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Georgina Cardama
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nazareno Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Davio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica (ININFA-UBA CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica (ININFA-UBA CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Lorenzano Menna
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mitotic cell death induction by targeting the mitotic spindle with tubulin-inhibitory indole derivative molecules. Oncotarget 2017; 8:19738-19759. [PMID: 28160569 PMCID: PMC5386718 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tubulin-targeting molecules are widely used cancer therapeutic agents. They inhibit microtubule-based structures, including the mitotic spindle, ultimately preventing cell division. The final fates of microtubule-inhibited cells are however often heterogeneous and difficult to predict. While recent work has provided insight into the cell response to inhibitors of microtubule dynamics (taxanes), the cell response to tubulin polymerization inhibitors remains less well characterized. Arylthioindoles (ATIs) are recently developed tubulin inhibitors. We previously identified ATI members that effectively inhibit tubulin polymerization in vitro and cancer cell growth in bulk cell viability assays. Here we characterise in depth the response of cancer cell lines to five selected ATIs. We find that all ATIs arrest mitotic progression, yet subsequently yield distinct cell fate profiles in time-lapse recording assays, indicating that molecules endowed with similar tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity in vitro can in fact display differential efficacy in living cells. Individual ATIs induce cytological phenotypes of increasing severity in terms of damage to the mitotic apparatus. That differentially triggers MCL-1 down-regulation and caspase-3 activation, and underlies the terminal fate of treated cells. Collectively, these results contribute to define the cell response to tubulin inhibitors and pinpoint potentially valuable molecules that can increase the molecular diversity of tubulin-targeting agents.
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu J, Wang GH, Duan YH, Dai Y, Bao Y, Hu M, Zhou YQ, Li M, Jiang F, Zhou H, Yao XS, Zhang XK. Modulation of the Nur77-Bcl-2 apoptotic pathway by p38α MAPK. Oncotarget 2017; 8:69731-69745. [PMID: 29050237 PMCID: PMC5642512 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 promotes apoptosis by targeting mitochondria through interaction with Bcl-2, an event that converts Bcl-2 from a survival to killer. However, how the Nur77-Bcl-2 apoptotic pathway is regulated remains largely unknown. In this study, we examined the regulation of the Nur77-Bcl-2 pathway by CCE9, a xanthone compound. Our results demonstrated that the apoptotic effect of CCE9 depended on its induction of Nur77 expression, cytoplasmic localization, and mitochondrial targeting. The activation of the Nur77-Bcl-2 pathway by CCE9 was associated with its activation of p38α MAPK. Inhibition of p38α MAPK activation by knocking down or knocking out p38α MAPK impaired the effect of CCE9 on inducing apoptosis and the expression and cytoplasmic localization of Nur77. In addition, CCE9 activation of p38α MAPK resulted in Bcl-2 phosphorylation and Bcl-2 interaction with Nur77, whereas inhibition of p38α MAPK activation or expression suppressed the interaction. Moreover, mutating Ser87 and Thr56 in the loop of Bcl-2, which are known to be phosphorylated by p38α MAPK, impaired the ability Bcl-2 to interact with Nur77. Together, our results reveal a profound role of p38α MAPK in regulating the Nur77-Bcl-2 apoptotic pathway through its modulation of Nur77 expression, Bcl-2 phosphorylation, and their interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guang-Hui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ying-Hui Duan
- Institutes of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Dai
- Institutes of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuzhou Bao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mengjie Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yu-Qi Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mingyu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fuquan Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- Institutes of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Kun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Spirin P, Lebedev T, Orlova N, Morozov A, Poymenova N, Dmitriev SE, Buzdin A, Stocking C, Kovalchuk O, Prassolov V. Synergistic suppression of t(8;21)-positive leukemia cell growth by combining oridonin and MAPK1/ERK2 inhibitors. Oncotarget 2017; 8:56991-57002. [PMID: 28915648 PMCID: PMC5593619 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most common chromosomal translocations in acute myeloid leukemia is t(8;21)(q22;q22), which results in the appearance of abnormal transcripts encoding for the fusion protein RUNX1-ETO. Therefore, this oncoprotein is considered to be a pertinent and promising target for treating t(8;21) leukemia. Previously, we have shown that downregulation of RUNX1-ETO leads to activation of intracellular signaling pathways enhancing cell survival and determined that the protein ERK2 can mediate activation of most of these pathways. Here we used a combination of oridonin (natural tetracycline diterpenoid), which has been shown to exhibit anti-RUNX1-ETO activity, and ERK2 kinase inhibitors. We found that treatment of leukemic t(8;21)-positive Kasumi-1 cells with oridonin cause decrease of phosphorylated ERK1/2. Treatment of these cells with ERK2 inhibitors makes them more sensitive to RUNX1-ETO inhibition with oridonin. Therefore we postulate that simultaneous inhibition of RUNX1-ETO and ERK2 cause synergistic effect on survival of leukemic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Spirin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Timofey Lebedev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Natalia Orlova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey Morozov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Poymenova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey E Dmitriev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Anton Buzdin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Dmitry Rogachev Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow 117997, Russia.,National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Centre for Convergence of Nano-, Bio-, Information and Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Carol Stocking
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- OncoFinder Ltd, Lethbridge, AB T1K7×8, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K3M4, Canada
| | - Vladimir Prassolov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Priya P, Maity A, Ghosh Dastidar S. The long unstructured region of Bcl-xl modulates its structural dynamics. Proteins 2017; 85:1567-1579. [PMID: 28486788 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bcl-xl protein has a long unstructured loop attached to its structured region which joins two helices. The necessity to have this unstructured segment in Bcl-xl is not yet well understood. To what extent the unstructured segment can influence the dynamics of the structured region of protein, with potential to influence the function, has been investigated in this work. Molecular dynamics simulation and principal component analysis show how the loop affects the internal motions of the protein, particularly its ligand binding pocket. Generally an unstructured region in the structure would promote flexibility resulting entropic stability but in contrary, here it narrows down the conformational space of the structured region of protein that could be hypothesized to impact the functional precision. Effects of the loop propagate to the binding pocket through structural rearrangements of polar side chains. The immediate suspicion of possible impact of phosphorylation to modulate the function of the protein is proven to be a fact, as the phosphorylated S49 and S62 located on the large unstructured region are seen to perturb the electrostatic network of the structure; an observation that validates and clarifies the role of loop as a modulator through biophysical and biochemical mechanisms. Proteins 2017; 85:1567-1579. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Priya
- Bioinformatics Centre, Bose Institute, P-1/12 C.I.T Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Atanu Maity
- Bioinformatics Centre, Bose Institute, P-1/12 C.I.T Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Shubhra Ghosh Dastidar
- Bioinformatics Centre, Bose Institute, P-1/12 C.I.T Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Huang Q, Zhan L, Cao H, Li J, Lyu Y, Guo X, Zhang J, Ji L, Ren T, An J, Liu B, Nie Y, Xing J. Increased mitochondrial fission promotes autophagy and hepatocellular carcinoma cell survival through the ROS-modulated coordinated regulation of the NFKB and TP53 pathways. Autophagy 2016; 12:999-1014. [PMID: 27124102 PMCID: PMC4922447 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1166318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial morphology is dynamically remodeled by fusion and fission in cells, and dysregulation of this process is closely implicated in tumorigenesis. However, the mechanism by which mitochondrial dynamics influence cancer cell survival is considerably less clear, especially in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we systematically investigated the alteration of mitochondrial dynamics and its functional role in the regulation of autophagy and HCC cell survival. Furthermore, the underlying molecular mechanisms and therapeutic application were explored in depth. Mitochondrial fission was frequently upregulated in HCC tissues mainly due to an elevated expression ratio of DNM1L to MFN1, which significantly contributed to poor prognosis of HCC patients. Increased mitochondrial fission by forced expression of DNM1L or knockdown of MFN1 promoted the survival of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo mainly by facilitating autophagy and inhibiting mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. We further demonstrated that the survival-promoting role of increased mitochondrial fission was mediated via elevated ROS production and subsequent activation of AKT, which facilitated MDM2-mediated TP53 degradation, and NFKBIA- and IKK-mediated transcriptional activity of NFKB in HCC cells. Also, a crosstalk between TP53 and NFKB pathways was involved in the regulation of mitochondrial fission-mediated cell survival. Moreover, treatment with mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 significantly suppressed tumor growth in an in vivo xenograft nude mice model. Our findings demonstrate that increased mitochondrial fission plays a critical role in regulation of HCC cell survival, which provides a strong evidence for this process as drug target in HCC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Huang
- a State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Lei Zhan
- b Department of Gastroenterology , Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Haiyan Cao
- a State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Jibin Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Yinghua Lyu
- a State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Xu Guo
- a State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Jing Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Lele Ji
- a State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Tingting Ren
- a State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Jiaze An
- c Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery , Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Bingrong Liu
- b Department of Gastroenterology , Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- d State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Jinliang Xing
- a State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ilizaliturri-Flores I, Correa-Basurto J, Bello M, Rosas-Trigueros JL, Zamora-López B, Benítez-Cardoza CG, Zamorano-Carrillo A. Mapping the intrinsically disordered properties of the flexible loop domain of Bcl-2: a molecular dynamics simulation study. J Mol Model 2016; 22:98. [PMID: 27037822 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-016-2940-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Most of the B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) protein structure has been elucidated; however, the conformation of its flexible loop domain (FLD) has not yet been experimentally predicted. Its high flexibility under physiological conditions is the reason. FLD behaves as an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) and can adopt regular structures in particular conditions associated with the control of Bcl-2's anti-apoptotic functions. In a previous contribution, we analyzed an engineered Bcl-2 construct (Bcl-2-Δ22Σ3) submitted to 25-ns MD and reported a disordered-to-helix transitions in a region of FLD (rFLD, residues 60-77). However, the conformational preferences in solution of rFLD in the nanosecond to microsecond scale were not analyzed. Herein, an average model was obtained for the native Bcl-2 protein by homology modeling and MD simulation techniques. From this, only the atomic coordinates corresponding to the rFLD were simulated for 1 μs by MD at 310 K. In concordance with previous studies, a disordered-to-helix transitions were exhibited, implying that this "interconversion of folding" in the rFLD suggest a possible set of conformations encoded in its sequence. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that most of the conformational fluctuation of Bcl-2 is provided by rFLD. Dihedral PCA (dPCA) offered information about all the conformations of rFLD in the μs of the simulation, characterizing a dPCA-based free energy landscape of rFLD, and a conformational ensemble of fast interconverting conformations as other IDRs. Furthermore, despite the conformational heterogeneity of rFLD, the analysis of the dihedral angles (Φ, Ψ) showed that this region does not randomly explore the conformational space in solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - José Correa-Basurto
- Lab de Modelado Molecular y Diseño de Fármacos. ESM-IPN, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Martiniano Bello
- Lab de Modelado Molecular y Diseño de Fármacos. ESM-IPN, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jorge L Rosas-Trigueros
- Lab Transdisciplinario de Investigación en Sistemas Evolutivos, ESCOM-IPN, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Logan SM, Luu BE, Storey KB. Turn down genes for WAT? Activation of anti-apoptosis pathways protects white adipose tissue in metabolically depressed thirteen-lined ground squirrels. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 416:47-62. [PMID: 27032768 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
During hibernation, the metabolic rate of thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) can drop to <5 % of normal resting rate at 37 °C, core body temperature can decrease to as low as 1-5 °C, and heart rate can fall from 350-400 to 5-10 bpm. Energy saved by hibernating allows squirrels to survive the winter when food is scarce, and living off lipid reserves in white adipose tissue (WAT) is crucial. While hibernating, some energy must be used to cope with conditions that would normally be damaging for mammals (e.g., low core body temperatures, ischemia) and could induce cell death via apoptosis. Cell survival is largely dependent on the relative amounts and activities of pro- and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins. The present study analyzed how anti-apoptotic proteins respond to protect WAT cells during hibernation. Relative levels of several anti-apoptotic proteins were quantified in WAT via immunoblotting over six time points of the torpor-arousal cycle. These included anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Mcl-l, as well as caspase inhibitors x-IAP and c-IAP. Changes in the relative protein levels and/or phosphorylation levels were also observed for various regulators of apoptosis (p-JAKs, p-STATs, SOCS, and PIAS). Mcl-1 and x-IAP protein levels increased whereas Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, and c-IAP protein/phosphorylation levels decreased signifying important roles for certain Bcl-2 family members in cell survival over the torpor-arousal cycle. Importantly, the relative phosphorylation of selected STAT proteins increased, suggesting a mechanism for Bcl-2 family activation. These results suggest that an increase in WAT cytoprotective mechanisms supports survival efforts during hibernation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Logan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Bryan E Luu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Huang CC, Wu DW, Lin PL, Lee H. Paxillin promotes colorectal tumor invasion and poor patient outcomes via ERK-mediated stabilization of Bcl-2 protein by phosphorylation at Serine 87. Oncotarget 2016; 6:8698-708. [PMID: 25826088 PMCID: PMC4496177 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Stabilization of Bcl-2 protein by paxillin (PXN)-mediated ERK activation was recently reported to cause an unfavorable response to 5-Fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Here, we present evidence from cell and animal models to demonstrate that stabilization of Bcl-2 protein by phosphorylation at Serine 87 (pBcl-2-S87) via PXN-mediated ERK activation is responsible for cancer cell invasiveness and occurs via upregulation of MMP2 expression. Immunostainings of 190 tumors resected from colorectal cancer patients indicated that PXN expression was positively correlated with Bcl-2, pBcl-2-S87, and MMP2 expression. A positive correlation of pBcl-2-S87 with Bcl-2 and MMP2 was also observed in this study population. Patients with high PXN, Bcl-2, pBcl-2-S87, and MMP2 had poor overall survival (OS) and shorter relapse free survival (RFS). In conclusion, PXN promotes Bcl-2 phosphorylation at Serine 87 via PXN-mediated ERK activation, and its stabilization associated with increased tumor formation efficacy in mice and poor patient outcome in colorectal cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chou Huang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Division of Colon and Rectum, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - De-Wei Wu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huei Lee
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yu X, Yang L, Cairns MJ, Dass C, Saravolac E, Li X, Sun LQ. Chemosensitization of solid tumors by inhibition of Bcl-xL expression using DNAzyme. Oncotarget 2015; 5:9039-48. [PMID: 25344863 PMCID: PMC4253417 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
DNAzymes are a novel class of gene suppressors that selectively bind to an RNA substrate by Watson-Crick base pairing and cleave phosphodiester bonds. To explore the potential for therapeutic use of catalytic DNA molecules, active DNAzymes targeting the bcl-xL gene were generated through a multiplex in vitro selection. The DNAzyme-mediated down-regulation of the bcl-xL expression was demonstrated in various cancer cell lines by Western blots. Treatment of the cells with the active DNAzyme led to increases in percentage of apoptotic cells and cytochrome c release from mitochondria, a hall marker of apoptosis. When combined with chemotherapeutics such as Taxol, the DNAzyme significantly sensitised a panel of cancer cells to apoptosis as measured by cell survival assay. In Taxol-resistant cells, down-regulation of bcl-xL expression by the DNAzyme reversed the chemo-resistant phenotype of the cancer cells. In a xenograft mouse model, the DNAzyme was delivered into the tumors via an ALZET osmotic pump and shown to chemosensitize PC3 tumor when treating with Taxol. The results from the present study demonstrate that bcl-xL DNAzyme treatment facilitates apoptosis in solid tumors and suggest the potential use of bcl-xL DNAzyme in combination with chemotherapeutics for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Yu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lifang Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Murray J Cairns
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Crispin Dass
- Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Curtin University, WA, Australia
| | | | - Xiong Li
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lun-Quan Sun
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Demelash A, Pfannenstiel LW, Tannenbaum CS, Li X, Kalady MF, DeVecchio J, Gastman BR. Structure-Function Analysis of the Mcl-1 Protein Identifies a Novel Senescence-regulating Domain. J Biol Chem 2015. [PMID: 26205817 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.663898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike other antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members, Mcl-1 also mediates resistance to cancer therapy by uniquely inhibiting chemotherapy-induced senescence (CIS). In general, Bcl-2 family members regulate apoptosis at the level of the mitochondria through a common prosurvival binding groove. Through mutagenesis, we determined that Mcl-1 can inhibit CIS even in the absence of its apoptotically important mitochondrion-localizing domains. This finding prompted us to generate a series of Mcl-1 deletion mutants from both the N and C termini of the protein, including one that contained a deletion of all of the Bcl-2 homology domains, none of which impacted anti-CIS capabilities. Through subsequent structure-function analyses of Mcl-1, we identified a previously uncharacterized loop domain responsible for the anti-CIS activity of Mcl-1. The importance of the loop domain was confirmed in multiple tumor types, two in vivo models of senescence, and by demonstrating that a peptide mimetic of the loop domain can effectively inhibit the anti-CIS function of Mcl-1. The results from our studies appear to be highly translatable because we discerned an inverse relationship between the expression of Mcl-1 and of various senescence markers in cancerous human tissues. In summary, our findings regarding the unique structural properties of Mcl-1 provide new approaches for targeted cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Matthew F Kalady
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | | | - Brian R Gastman
- From the Departments of Immunology and Institutes of Head and Neck, Dermatology, and Plastic Surgery, Taussig Cancer Center; and
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Synergistic anticancer effect of cisplatin and Chal-24 combination through IAP and c-FLIPL degradation, Ripoptosome formation and autophagy-mediated apoptosis. Oncotarget 2015; 6:1640-51. [PMID: 25682199 PMCID: PMC4359321 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major hurdle in anticancer chemotherapy. Combined therapy using drugs with distinct mechanisms of function may increase anticancer efficacy. We have recently identified the novel chalcone derivative, chalcone-24 (Chal-24), as a potential therapeutic that kills cancer cells through activation of an autophagy-mediated necroptosis pathway. In this report, we investigated if Chal-24 can be combined with the frontline genotoxic anticancer drug, cisplatin for cancer therapy. The combination of Chal-24 and cisplatin synergistically induced apoptotic cytotoxicity in lung cancer cell lines, which was dependent on Chal-24-induced autophagy. While cisplatin slightly potentiated the JNK/Bcl2/Beclin1 pathway for autophagy activation, its combination with Chal-24 strongly triggered proteasomal degradation of the cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (c-IAPs) and formation of the Ripoptosome complex that contains RIP1, FADD and caspase 8. Furthermore, the cisplatin and Chal-24 combination induced dramatic degradation of cellular FLICE (FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein large (cFLIPL) which suppresses Ripoptosome-mediated apoptosis activation. These results establish a novel mechanism for potentiation of anticancer activity with the combination of Chal-24 and cisplatin: to enhance apoptosis signaling through Ripoptosome formation and to release the apoptosis brake through c-FLIPL degradation. Altogether, our work suggests that the combination of Chal-24 and cisplatin could be employed to improve chemotherapy efficacy.
Collapse
|
31
|
Su YC, Guo X, Qi X. Threonine 56 phosphorylation of Bcl-2 is required for LRRK2 G2019S-induced mitochondrial depolarization and autophagy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:12-21. [PMID: 25446991 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The G2019S leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) mutation is the most common cause of genetic Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the molecular mechanism underlying LRRK2 G2019S-induced cellular pathology is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that LRRK2 G2019S bound to and phosphorylated Bcl-2, a mitochondrial anti-apoptotic protein, at Threonine 56. Either stable expression of Bcl-2 or transient expression of a Bcl-2 phosphor mutant (Bcl-2(T56A)) abolished LRRK2 G2019S-induced mitochondrial depolarization and autophagy. Together, our findings reveal a previously unidentified target of LRRK2 G2019S, showing that Bcl-2 serves as a point of crosstalk between LRRK2 G2019S-mediated mitochondrial disorder and dysregulation of autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chin Su
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xing Guo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
From nature to bedside: Pro-survival and cell death mechanisms as therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:1111-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
33
|
Wang J, Beauchemin M, Bertrand R. Phospho-Bcl-xL(Ser62) influences spindle assembly and chromosome segregation during mitosis. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:1313-26. [PMID: 24621501 PMCID: PMC4014433 DOI: 10.4161/cc.28293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional analysis of a series of phosphorylation mutants reveals that Bcl-xL(Ser62Ala) influences cell entry into anaphase and mitotic exit in taxol-exposed cells compared with cells expressing wild-type Bcl-xL or a series of other phosphorylation mutants, an effect that appears to be independent of its anti-apoptotic activity. During normal mitosis progression, Bcl-xL(Ser62) is strongly phosphorylated by PLK1 and MAPK14/SAPKp38α at the prometaphase, metaphase, and the anaphase boundaries, while it is de-phosphorylated at telophase and cytokinesis. Phospho-Bcl-xL(Ser62) localizes in centrosomes with γ-tubulin and in the mitotic cytosol with some spindle-assembly checkpoint signaling components, including PLK1, BubR1, and Mad2. In taxol- and nocodazole-exposed cells, phospho-Bcl-xL(Ser62) also binds to Cdc20- Mad2-, BubR1-, and Bub3-bound complexes, while Bcl-xL(Ser62Ala) does not. Silencing Bcl-xL expression and expressing the phosphorylation mutant Bcl-xL(Ser62Ala) lead to an increased number of cells harboring mitotic spindle defects including multipolar spindle, chromosome lagging and bridging, aneuploidy with micro-, bi-, or multi-nucleated cells, and cells that fail to resolve undergo mitosis within 6 h. Together, the data indicate that during mitosis, Bcl-xL(Ser62) phosphorylation impacts on spindle assembly and chromosome segregation, influencing chromosome stability. Observations of mitotic cells harboring aneuploidy with micro-, bi-, or multi-nucleated cells, and cells that fail to resolve undergo mitosis within 6 h were also made with cells expressing the phosphorylation mutant Bcl-xL(Ser49Ala) and dual mutant Bcl-xL(Ser49/62Ala).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Wang
- Centre de recherche; Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal; Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Myriam Beauchemin
- Centre de recherche; Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal; Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Richard Bertrand
- Centre de recherche; Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Institut du Cancer de Montréal; Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de médecine; Université de Montréal; Montréal, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Thomas SA, Vasudevan S, Thamkachy R, Lekshmi SU, Santhoshkumar TR, Rajasekharan KN, Sengupta S. Upregulation of DR5 receptor by the diaminothiazole DAT1 [4-amino-5-benzoyl-2-(4-methoxy phenyl amino) thiazole] triggers an independent extrinsic pathway of apoptosis in colon cancer cells with compromised pro and antiapoptotic proteins. Apoptosis 2013; 18:713-26. [PMID: 23435998 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0826-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria mediated signalling is the more common way of apoptosis induction exhibited by many chemotherapeutic agents in cancer cells. Death receptor mediated signalling for apoptosis in many cells also requires further amplification from the mitochondrial pathway activation through tBid. Thus the potential of most chemotherapeutic agents in tumours with intrinsic apoptosis resistance due to changes in molecules involved in the mitochondrial pathway is limited. Diaminothiazoles were shown earlier to bind to tubulin thereby exhibiting cytotoxicity towards different cancer cells. We observed that the lead diaminothiazole, DAT1 [4-amino-5-benzoyl-2-(4-methoxy phenyl amino) thiazole] could induce apoptosis in the colon cancer cell line HCT116 by both pathways. However, in contrast to many other chemotherapeutic agents, DAT1 triggered apoptosis where the intrinsic pathway was blocked by changing the pro and antiapoptotic proteins. An independent extrinsic pathway activation triggered by the upregulation of DR5 receptor accounted for that. The induction of DR5 occurred in the transcriptional level and the essential role of DR5 was confirmed by the fact that siRNA downregulation of DR5 significantly reduced DAT1 induced apoptosis. HCT116 cells were earlier shown to have a type II response for apoptosis induction where extrinsic pathway was connected to the intrinsic pathway via the mediator protein tBid. Our finding thus indicates that the signalling events in the manifestation of apoptosis depend not only on the cancer cell type, but also on the inducer. Our results also place diaminothiazoles in a promising position in the treatment of tumours with compromised apoptotic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sannu A Thomas
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum 695014, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Dai H, Ding H, Meng XW, Lee SH, Schneider PA, Kaufmann SH. Contribution of Bcl-2 phosphorylation to Bak binding and drug resistance. Cancer Res 2013; 73:6998-7008. [PMID: 24097825 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-0940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bcl-2 is phosphorylated on Ser(70) after treatment of cells with spindle poisons. On the basis of effects observed in cells overexpressing Bcl-2 S70E or S70A mutants, various studies have concluded that Ser(70) phosphorylation either enhances or diminishes Bcl-2 function. In the present study, the ability of phosphorylated Bcl-2, as well as the S70E and S70A mutants, to bind and neutralize proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members under cell-free conditions and in intact cells was examined in an attempt to resolve this controversy. Surface plasmon resonance indicated that phosphorylated Bcl-2, Bcl-2 S70E, and Bcl-2 S70A exhibit enhanced binding to Bim and Bak compared with unmodified Bcl-2. This enhanced binding reflected a readily detectable conformation change in the loop domain of Bcl-2. Furthermore, Bcl-2 S70E and S70A bound more Bak and Bim than wild-type Bcl-2 in pull-downs and afforded greater protection against several chemotherapeutic agents. Importantly, binding of endogenous Bcl-2 to Bim also increased during mitosis, when Bcl-2 is endogenously phosphorylated, and disruption of this mitotic Bcl-2/Bim binding with navitoclax or ABT-199, like Bcl-2 downregulation, enhanced the cytotoxicity of paclitaxel. Collectively, these results provide not only a mechanistic basis for the enhanced antiapoptotic activity of phosphorylated Bcl-2, but also an explanation for the ability of BH3 mimetics to enhance taxane sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Dai
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Husheng Ding
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - X Wei Meng
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Sun-Hee Lee
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Paula A Schneider
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Scott H Kaufmann
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ilizaliturri-Flores I, Correa-Basurto J, Benítez-Cardoza CG, Zamorano-Carrillo A. A study of the structural properties and thermal stability of human Bcl-2 by molecular dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2013; 32:1707-19. [PMID: 24028527 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2013.833858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein interacts with several proteins that regulate the apoptotic properties of cells. In this research, we conduct several all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations under high-temperature unfolding conditions, from 400 to 800 K, for 25 ns. These simulations were performed using a model of an engineered Bcl-2 human protein (Bcl-2-Δ22Σ3), which lacks 22 C-terminal residues of the transmembrane domain. The aim of this study is to gain insight into the structural behavior of Bcl-2-Δ22Σ3 by mapping the conformational movements involved in Bcl-2 stability and its biological function. To build a Bcl-2-Δ22Σ3 three-dimensional model, the protein core was built by homology modeling and the flexible loop domain (FLD, residues 33-91) by ab initio methods. Further, the entire protein model was refined by MD simulations. Afterwards, the production MD simulations showed that the FLD at 400 and 500 K has several conformations reaching into the protein core, whereas at 600 K some of the alpha-helices were lost. At 800 K, the Bcl-2 core is destabilized suggesting a possible mechanism for protein unfolding, where the alpha helices 1 and 6 were the most stable, and a reduction in the number of hydrogen bonds initially occurs. In conclusion, the structural changes and the internal protein interactions suggest that the core and the FLD are crucial components of Bcl-2 in its function of regulate ng access to the recognition sites of kinases and caspases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Ilizaliturri-Flores
- a Laboratorio de Investigación Bioquímica, Doctorado en Ciencias en Biotecnología , ENMH, Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Guillermo Massieu Helguera #239 Fracc. "La Escalera" Ticoman, C.P. 07320, D.F. México , Mexico
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hu XM, Yuan B, Tanaka S, Zhou Q, Onda K, Toyoda H, Hirano T. Involvement of oxidative stress associated with glutathione depletion and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in arsenic disulfide-induced differentiation in HL-60 cells. Leuk Lymphoma 2013; 55:392-404. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.802779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
38
|
He C, Zhu H, Li H, Zou MH, Xie Z. Dissociation of Bcl-2-Beclin1 complex by activated AMPK enhances cardiac autophagy and protects against cardiomyocyte apoptosis in diabetes. Diabetes 2013; 62:1270-81. [PMID: 23223177 PMCID: PMC3609561 DOI: 10.2337/db12-0533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is associated with suppression of cardiac autophagy, and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) restores cardiac autophagy and prevents cardiomyopathy in diabetic mice, albeit by an unknown mechanism. We hypothesized that AMPK-induced autophagy ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis and examined the effects of AMPK on the interaction between Beclin1 and Bcl-2, a switch between autophagy and apoptosis, in diabetic mice and high glucose-treated H9c2 cardiac myoblast cells. Exposure of H9c2 cells to high glucose reduced AMPK activity, inhibited Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1)-B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) signaling, and promoted Beclin1 binding to Bcl-2. Conversely, activation of AMPK by metformin stimulated JNK1-Bcl-2 signaling and disrupted the Beclin1-Bcl-2 complex. Activation of AMPK, which normalized cardiac autophagy, attenuated high glucose-induced apoptosis in cultured H9c2 cells. This effect was attenuated by inhibition of autophagy. Finally, chronic administration of metformin in diabetic mice restored cardiac autophagy by activating JNK1-Bcl-2 pathways and dissociating Beclin1 and Bcl-2. The induction of autophagy protected against cardiac apoptosis and improved cardiac structure and function in diabetic mice. We concluded that dissociation of Bcl-2 from Beclin1 may be an important mechanism for preventing diabetic cardiomyopathy via AMPK activation that restores autophagy and protects against cardiac apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ming-Hui Zou
- Corresponding author: Zhonglin Xie, , or Ming-Hui Zou,
| | - Zhonglin Xie
- Corresponding author: Zhonglin Xie, , or Ming-Hui Zou,
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kang C, Bharatham N, Chia J, Mu Y, Baek K, Yoon HS. The natively disordered loop of Bcl-2 undergoes phosphorylation-dependent conformational change and interacts with Pin1. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52047. [PMID: 23272207 PMCID: PMC3525568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bcl-2 plays a central role in the regulation of apoptosis. Structural studies of Bcl-2 revealed the presence of a flexible and natively disordered loop that bridges the Bcl-2 homology motifs, BH3 and BH4. This loop is phosphorylated on multiple sites in response to a variety of external stimuli, including the microtubule-targeting drugs, paclitaxel and colchicine. Currently, the underlying molecular mechanism of Bcl-2 phosphorylation and its biological significance remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the molecular characteristics of this anti-apoptotic protein. To this end, we generated synthetic peptides derived from the Bcl-2 loop, and multiple Bcl-2 loop truncation mutants that include the phosphorylation sites. Our results demonstrate that S87 in the flexible loop of Bcl-2 is the primary phosphorylation site for JNK and ERK2, suggesting some sequence or structural specificity for the phosphorylation by these kinases. Our NMR studies and molecular dynamics simulation studies support indicate that phosphorylation of S87 induces a conformational change in the peptide. Finally, we show that the phosphorylated peptides of the Bcl-2 loop can bind Pin1, further substantiating the phosphorylation-mediated conformation change of Bcl-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- CongBao Kang
- Division of Structural and Computational Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (CK); (HSY)
| | - Nagakumar Bharatham
- Division of Structural and Computational Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joel Chia
- Division of Structural and Computational Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuguang Mu
- Division of Structural and Computational Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kwanghee Baek
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Sup Yoon
- Division of Structural and Computational Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (CK); (HSY)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Herrmann J, Elnakady YA, Wiedmann RM, Ullrich A, Rohde M, Kazmaier U, Vollmar AM, Müller R. Pretubulysin: from hypothetical biosynthetic intermediate to potential lead in tumor therapy. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37416. [PMID: 22616003 PMCID: PMC3355125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pretubulysin is a natural product that is found in strains of myxobacteria in only minute amounts. It represents the first enzyme-free intermediate in the biosynthesis of tubulysins and undergoes post-assembly acylation and oxidation reactions. Pretubulysin inhibits the growth of cultured mammalian cells, as do tubulysins, which are already in advanced preclinical development as anticancer and antiangiogenic agents. The mechanism of action of this highly potent compound class involves the depolymerization of microtubules, thereby inducing mitotic arrest. Supply issues with naturally occurring derivatives can now be circumvented by the total synthesis of pretubulysin, which, in contrast to tubulysin, is synthetically accessible in gram-scale quantities. We show that the simplified precursor is nearly equally potent to the parent compound. Pretubulysin induces apoptosis and inhibits cancer cell migration and tubulin assembly in vitro. Consequently, pretubulysin appears to be an ideal candidate for future development in preclinical trials and is a very promising early lead structure in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Herrmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Yasser A. Elnakady
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Romina M. Wiedmann
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximillians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Angelika Ullrich
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Uli Kazmaier
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Angelika M. Vollmar
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximillians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chae S, Kim YB, Lee JS, Cho H. Resistance to paclitaxel in hepatoma cells is related to static JNK activation and prohibition into entry of mitosis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012; 302:G1016-24. [PMID: 22323130 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00449.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) generally shows chemoresistant features to anticancer agents. Paclitaxel has been clinically used in the treatment of various cancers. However, effect of paclitaxel on HCC has not been adequately addressed. Here, we found two categories of hepatoma cells in response to paclitaxel. Paclitaxel effectively decreased the cell viability of SNU475, Hep3B, and SNU387 HCC cells and Chang liver cells (death prone). In contrast, the other five hepatoma cell lines (SNU449, SNU398, SUN368, SNU354, and HepG2 cells) were resistant to paclitaxel (death reluctant). In response to paclitaxel, Bcl-2 was highly phosphorylated in death-prone cells, whereas much less Bcl-2 was phosphorylated in death-reluctant cells. Cotreatment with SP600125, an inhibitor JNK, significantly reduced the phosphorylated Bcl-2 in death-prone cells and caused a significant reduction in cell death. The reduced cell death was due to prohibition into mitotic entry as evidenced by low cyclin B(1)/Cdk1 kinase activity. In death-reluctant cells, inbuild-phospho-JNK levels were high but no longer activated in response to paclitaxel. We found that paclitaxel combined with caffeine or UCN-01, inhibitors of G(2) DNA damage checkpoint, was able to partially overcome resistance to paclitaxel in these cells. Thus our data provide the molecular basis of paclitaxel resistance in hepatoma cells, and appropriate combination therapy may increase treatment efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Chae
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kawabata T, Tanimura S, Asai K, Kawasaki R, Matsumaru Y, Kohno M. Up-regulation of pro-apoptotic protein Bim and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1 cooperatively mediate enhanced tumor cell death induced by the combination of ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitor and microtubule inhibitor. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:10289-10300. [PMID: 22270368 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.319426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Blockade of the ERK signaling pathway by ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitors selectively enhances the induction of apoptosis by microtubule inhibitors in tumor cells in which this pathway is constitutively activated. We examined the mechanism by which such drug combinations induce enhanced cell death by applying time-lapse microscopy to track the fate of individual cells. MEK inhibitors did not affect the first mitosis after drug exposure, but most cells remained arrested in interphase without entering a second mitosis. Low concentrations of microtubule inhibitors induced prolonged mitotic arrest followed by exit of cells from mitosis without division, with most cells remaining viable. However, the combination of a MEK inhibitor and a microtubule inhibitor induced massive cell death during prolonged mitosis. Impairment of spindle assembly checkpoint function by RNAi-mediated depletion of Mad2 or BubR1 markedly suppressed such prolonged mitotic arrest and cell death. The cell death was accompanied by up-regulation of the pro-apoptotic protein Bim (to which MEK inhibitors contributed) and by down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1 (to which microtubule and MEK inhibitors contributed synergistically). Whereas RNAi-mediated knockdown of Bim suppressed cell death, stabilization of Mcl-1 by RNAi-mediated depletion of Mule slowed its onset. Depletion of Mcl-1 sensitized tumor cells to MEK inhibitor-induced cell death, an effect that was antagonized by knockdown of Bim. The combination of MEK and microtubule inhibitors thus targets Bim and Mcl-1 in a cooperative manner to induce massive cell death in tumor cells with aberrant ERK pathway activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kawabata
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521
| | - Susumu Tanimura
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521,; Nagasaki University Research Center for Genomic Instability and Carcinogenesis (NRGIC), Nagasaki 852-8523, and
| | - Kohei Asai
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521
| | - Ryohei Kawasaki
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521
| | - Yumi Matsumaru
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521
| | - Michiaki Kohno
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521,; Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Strappazzon F, Vietri-Rudan M, Campello S, Nazio F, Florenzano F, Fimia GM, Piacentini M, Levine B, Cecconi F. Mitochondrial BCL-2 inhibits AMBRA1-induced autophagy. EMBO J 2011; 30:1195-208. [PMID: 21358617 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BECLIN 1 is a central player in macroautophagy. AMBRA1, a BECLIN 1-interacting protein, positively regulates the BECLIN 1-dependent programme of autophagy. In this study, we show that AMBRA1 binds preferentially the mitochondrial pool of the antiapoptotic factor BCL-2, and that this interaction is disrupted following autophagy induction. Further, AMBRA1 can compete with both mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum-resident BCL-2 (mito-BCL-2 and ER-BCL-2, respectively) to bind BECLIN 1. Moreover, after autophagy induction, AMBRA1 is recruited to BECLIN 1. Altogether, these results indicate that, in normal conditions, a pool of AMBRA1 binds preferentially mito-BCL-2; after autophagy induction, AMBRA1 is released from BCL-2, consistent with its ability to promote BECLIN 1 activity. In addition, we found that the binding between AMBRA1 and mito-BCL-2 is reduced during apoptosis. Thus, a dynamic interaction exists between AMBRA1 and BCL-2 at the mitochondria that could regulate both BECLIN 1-dependent autophagy and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavie Strappazzon
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroembryology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lindenboim L, Borner C, Stein R. Nuclear proteins acting on mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2010; 1813:584-96. [PMID: 21130123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An important mechanism in apoptotic regulation is changes in the subcellular distribution of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins. Among the proteins that change in their localization and may promote apoptosis are nuclear proteins. Several of these nuclear proteins such as p53, Nur77, histone H1.2, and nucleophosmin were reported to accumulate in the cytosol and/or mitochondria and to promote the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in response to apoptotic stressors. In this review, we will discuss the functions of these and other nuclear proteins in promoting the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, the mechanisms that regulate their accumulation in the cytosol and/or mitochondria and the potential role of Bax and Bak in this process. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Mitochondria: the deadly organelle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liora Lindenboim
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bull VH, Fargestad EM, Strozynski M, Thiede B. Temporal proteome profiling of taxol-induced mitotic arrest and apoptosis. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:1873-85. [PMID: 20506421 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Taxol (Paclitaxel) is a mitotic inhibitor widely used in cancer therapy. Temporal proteome profiling was performed to study changes of proteins during the different cellular states of HeLa cells caused by exposure to taxol. The changes of proteins over time could be associated with various cellular processes such as mitotic arrest, an intermediate between mitotic arrest and apoptosis, apoptosis, and late apoptosis. Calumenin, stress-induced phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1), and translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) were assigned to mitotic arrest and selected for further experiments using immunoblotting and subcellular fractionation. Calumenin translocated from membranes to the cytosol during mitotic arrest and late apoptosis, but was significantly reduced in the cytosol during apoptosis. Translocation of STIP1 to the nucleus was observed at apoptosis and to the cytoskeleton at late apoptosis. TCTP increased in the cytosol at mitotic arrest and in membranes at apoptosis. In addition, the quantitative time courses of Bim isoforms revealed differences between BimL and BimS in comparison with BimEL. In summary, temporal proteome profiling of HeLa cells incubated with taxol allowed the assignment of proteins to certain processes and additional experiments with complementary approaches enabled a more comprehensive understanding of spatial changes of selected proteins during mitotic arrest and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke H Bull
- The Biotechnology Centre of Oslo, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pedrini S, Sau D, Guareschi S, Bogush M, Brown RH, Naniche N, Kia A, Trotti D, Pasinelli P. ALS-linked mutant SOD1 damages mitochondria by promoting conformational changes in Bcl-2. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:2974-86. [PMID: 20460269 PMCID: PMC2901139 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In mutant superoxide dismutase (SOD1)-linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), accumulation of misfolded mutant SOD1 in spinal cord mitochondria is thought to cause mitochondrial dysfunction. Whether mutant SOD1 is toxic per se or whether it damages the mitochondria through interactions with other mitochondrial proteins is not known. We previously identified Bcl-2 as an interacting partner of mutant SOD1 specifically in spinal cord, but not in liver, mitochondria of SOD1 mice and patients. We now show that mutant SOD1 toxicity relies on this interaction. Mutant SOD1 induces mitochondrial morphological changes and compromises mitochondrial membrane integrity leading to release of Cytochrome C only in the presence of Bcl-2. In cells, mouse and human spinal cord with SOD1 mutations, the binding to mutant SOD1 triggers a conformational change in Bcl-2 that results in the uncovering of its toxic BH3 domain and conversion of Bcl-2 into a toxic protein. Bcl-2 carrying a mutagenized, non-toxic BH3 domain fails to support mutant SOD1 mitochondrial toxicity. The identification of Bcl-2 as a specific target and active partner in mutant SOD1 mitochondrial toxicity suggests new therapeutic strategies to inhibit the formation of the toxic mutant SOD1/Bcl-2 complex and to prevent mitochondrial damage in ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Pedrini
- Frances and Joseph Weinberg Unit for ALS Research, Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
BMS-214662 induces mitochondrial apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) stem/progenitor cells, including CD34+38- cells, through activation of protein kinase Cbeta. Blood 2009; 114:4186-96. [PMID: 19738029 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-05-219550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematopoietic stem cell disorder maintained by cancer stem cells. To target this population, we investigated the mechanism of action of BMS-214662, developed as a farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTI) and unique in inducing apoptosis in these cells. By contrast, a related congener and equally effective FTI, BMS-225975 does not induce apoptosis, indicating a novel mechanism of action. BMS-214662 significantly and selectively induced apoptosis in primitive CD34(+)38(-) CML compared with normal cells. Apoptosis proceeded via the intrinsic pathway: Bax conformational changes, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, generation of reactive oxygen species, release of cytochrome c, and caspase-9/3 activation were noted. Up-regulation of protein kinase Cbeta (PKCbeta), down-regulation of E2F1, and phosphorylation of cyclin A-associated cyclin-dependent kinase 2 preceded these changes. Cotreatment of CML CD34(+) and CD34(+)38(-) cells with PKC modulators, bryostatin-1, or hispidin markedly decreased these early events and the subsequent apoptosis. None of these events was elicited by BMS-214662 in normal CD34(+) cells or by BMS-225975 in CML CD34(+) cells. These data suggest that BMS-214662 selectively elicits a latent apoptotic pathway in CML stem cells that is initiated by up-regulation of PKCbeta and mediated by Bax activation, providing a molecular framework for development of novel therapeutics.
Collapse
|
48
|
Synergistic anti-tumor activity of paclitaxel-incorporated conjugated linoleic acid-coupled poloxamer thermosensitive hydrogel in vitro and in vivo. Biomaterials 2009; 30:4777-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
49
|
Mittelstadt PR, Yamaguchi H, Appella E, Ashwell JD. T cell receptor-mediated activation of p38{alpha} by mono-phosphorylation of the activation loop results in altered substrate specificity. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:15469-74. [PMID: 19324872 PMCID: PMC2708844 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m901004200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Revised: 03/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
p38 MAPKs are typically activated by upstream MAPK kinases that phosphorylate a Thr-X-Tyr motif in the activation loop. An exception is the T cell antigen receptor signaling pathway, which bypasses the MAPK cascade and activates p38alpha and p38beta by phosphorylation of Tyr-323 and subsequent autophosphorylation of the activation loop. Here we show that, unlike the classic MAPK cascade, the alternative pathway results primarily in mono-phosphorylation of the activation loop residue Thr-180. Recombinant mono-phosphorylated and dual phosphorylated p38alpha differed widely with regard to activity and substrate preference. Altered substrate specificity was reproduced in T cells in which p38 was activated by the alternative or classical MAPK pathways. These findings suggest that T cells have evolved a mechanism to utilize p38 in a specialized manner independent of and distinct from the classical p38 MAPK signaling cascade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroshi Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Ettore Appella
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Nencioni L, De Chiara G, Sgarbanti R, Amatore D, Aquilano K, Marcocci ME, Serafino A, Torcia M, Cozzolino F, Ciriolo MR, Garaci E, Palamara AT. Bcl-2 expression and p38MAPK activity in cells infected with influenza A virus: impact on virally induced apoptosis and viral replication. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:16004-15. [PMID: 19336399 PMCID: PMC2708894 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m900146200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Revised: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous reports have shown that various steps in the influenza A virus life cycle are impaired in cells expressing the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 (Bcl-2(+) cells). We demonstrated a direct link between Bcl-2 and the reduced nuclear export of viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complexes in these cells. However, despite its negative impact on viral replication, Bcl-2 did not prevent host cells from undergoing virally triggered apoptosis. The protein's reduced antiapoptotic capacity was related to phosphorylation of its threonine 56 and serine 87 residues by virally activated p38MAPK. In infected Bcl-2(+) cells, activated p38MAPK was found predominantly in the cytoplasm, colocalized with Bcl-2, and both Bcl-2 phosphorylation and virally induced apoptosis were diminished by specific inhibition of p38MAPK activity. In contrast, in Bcl-2-negative (Bcl-2(-)) cells, which are fully permissive to viral infection, p38MAPK activity was predominantly nuclear, and its inhibition decreased vRNP traffic, phosphorylation of viral nucleoprotein, and virus titers in cell supernatants, suggesting that this kinase also contributes to the regulation of vRNP export and viral replication. This could explain why in Bcl-2(+) cells, where p38MAPK is active in the cytoplasm, phosphorylating Bcl-2, influenza viral replication is substantially reduced, whereas apoptosis proceeds at rates similar to those observed in Bcl-2(-) cells. Our findings suggest that the impact of p38MAPK on the influenza virus life cycle and the apoptotic response of host cells to infection depends on whether or not the cells express Bcl-2, highlighting the possibility that the pathological effects of the virus are partly determined by the cell type it targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanna De Chiara
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, the
| | | | | | | | | | - Annalucia Serafino
- Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00133 Rome, the
| | - Maria Torcia
- Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, and the
| | - Federico Cozzolino
- Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, and the
| | - Maria R. Ciriolo
- Departments of Biology and
- Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization, and Health Care “S. Raffaele,” 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Garaci
- Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,” 00133 Rome, the
| | - Anna T. Palamara
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, the
- Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization, and Health Care “S. Raffaele,” 00100 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|