1
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Down JD, Cornwall-Brady MR, Huang W, Hurwitz M, Floyd SR, Yilmaz OH. Selecting the Most Relevant Mouse Strains for Evaluating Radiation-Induced Multiple Tissue Injury after Leg-Shielded Partial-Body Gamma Irradiation. Radiat Res 2024; 202:510-522. [PMID: 39066627 DOI: 10.1667/rade-24-00058.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Animal studies are needed that best simulate a large-scale, inhomogeneous body exposure after a radiological or nuclear incident and that provides a platform for future development of medical countermeasures. A partial-body irradiation (PBI) model using 137Cs gamma rays with hind limb (tibia) shielding was developed and assessed for the sequalae of radiation injuries to gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow (BM) and lung and among different genetic mouse strains (C57BL/6J, C57L/J, CBA/J and FVB/NJ). In this case, a marginal level of BM shielding (∼2%) provided adequate protection against lethality from infection and hemorrhage and enabled escalation of radiation doses with evaluation of both acute and delayed radiation syndromes. A steep radiation dose-dependent body weight loss was observed over the first 5 days attributed to enteritis with C57BL/6J mice appearing to be the most sensitive strain. Peripheral blood cell analysis revealed significant depression and recovery of leukocytes and platelets over the first month after PBI and were comparable among the four different mouse strains. Latent pulmonary injury was observed on micro-CT imaging at 4 months in C57L/J mice and confirmed histologically as severe pneumonitis that was lethal at 12 Gy. The lethality and radiological densitometry (HUs) dose responses were comparable to previous studies on C57L/J mice after total-body irradiation (TBI) and BM transplant rescue as well as after localized whole-thorax irradiation (WTI). Indeed, the lethal radiation doses and latency appeared similar for pneumonitis appearing in rhesus macaques after WTI or PBI as well as predicted for patients given systemic radiotherapy. In contrast, PBI treatment of C57BL/6 mice at a higher dose of 14 Gy had far longer survival times and developed extreme and debilitating pIeural effusions; an anomaly as similarly reported in previous thorax irradiation studies on this mouse strain. In summary, a radiation exposure model that delivers PBI to unanesthetized mice in a device that provides consistent shielding of the hind limb BM was developed for 137Cs gamma rays with physical characteristics and relevance to relatively high photon energies expected from the detonation of a nuclear device or accidental release of ionizing radiation. Standard strains such as C57BL/6J mice may be used reliably for early GI or hematological radiation syndromes while the C57L/J mouse strain stands out as the most appropriate for evaluating the delayed pulmonary effects of acute radiation exposure and recapitulating this disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian D Down
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Milton R Cornwall-Brady
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Wei Huang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Martina Hurwitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Scott R Floyd
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Omer H Yilmaz
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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2
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Faltusová K, Báječný M, Heizer T, Páral P, Chen CL, Szikszai K, Klener P, Nečas E. Second bone marrow transplantation into regenerating hematopoiesis enhances reconstitution of immune system. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1405210. [PMID: 38947315 PMCID: PMC11211250 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1405210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In bone marrow transplantation (BMT), hematopoiesis-reconstituting cells are introduced following myeloablative treatment, which eradicates existing hematopoietic cells and disrupts stroma within the hematopoietic tissue. Both hematopoietic cells and stroma then undergo regeneration. Our study compares the outcomes of a second BMT administered to mice shortly after myeloablative treatment and the first BMT, with those of a second BMT administered to mice experiencing robust hematopoietic regeneration after the initial transplant. We evaluated the efficacy of the second BMT in terms of engraftment efficiency, types of generated blood cells, and longevity of function. Our findings show that regenerating hematopoiesis readily accommodates newly transplanted stem cells, including those endowed with a robust capacity for generating B and T cells. Importantly, our investigation uncovered a window for preferential engraftment of transplanted stem cells coinciding with the resumption of blood cell production. Repeated BMT could intensify hematopoiesis reconstitution and enable therapeutic administration of genetically modified autologous stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Emanuel Nečas
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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3
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Schmidt DR, Gramatikov IMT, Sheen A, Williams CL, Hurwitz M, Dodge LE, Holupka E, Kiger WS, Cornwall-Brady MR, Huang W, Mak HH, Cormier KS, Condon C, Dane Wittrup K, Yilmaz ÖH, Stevenson MA, Down JD, Floyd SR, Roper J, Vander Heiden MG. Ablative radiotherapy improves survival but does not cure autochthonous mouse models of prostate and colorectal cancer. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2023; 3:108. [PMID: 37558833 PMCID: PMC10412558 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-023-00336-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of cancer are powerful tools to study mechanisms of disease progression and therapy response, yet little is known about how these models respond to multimodality therapy used in patients. Radiation therapy (RT) is frequently used to treat localized cancers with curative intent, delay progression of oligometastases, and palliate symptoms of metastatic disease. METHODS Here we report the development, testing, and validation of a platform to immobilize and target tumors in mice with stereotactic ablative RT (SART). Xenograft and autochthonous tumor models were treated with hypofractionated ablative doses of radiotherapy. RESULTS We demonstrate that hypofractionated regimens used in clinical practice can be effectively delivered in mouse models. SART alters tumor stroma and the immune environment, improves survival in GEMMs of primary prostate and colorectal cancer, and synergizes with androgen deprivation in prostate cancer. Complete pathologic responses were achieved in xenograft models, but not in GEMMs. CONCLUSIONS While SART is capable of fully ablating xenografts, it is unable to completely eradicate disease in GEMMs, arguing that resistance to potentially curative therapy can be modeled in GEMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Schmidt
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Iva Monique T Gramatikov
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allison Sheen
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher L Williams
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martina Hurwitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura E Dodge
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Holupka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W S Kiger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Milton R Cornwall-Brady
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Howard H Mak
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen S Cormier
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Charlene Condon
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - K Dane Wittrup
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Mary Ann Stevenson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julian D Down
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Scott R Floyd
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jatin Roper
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, and Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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4
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Gibbs A, Gupta P, Mali B, Poirier Y, Gopalakrishnan M, Newman D, Zodda A, Down JD, Serebrenik AA, Kaytor MD, Jackson IL. A C57L/J Mouse Model of the Delayed Effects of Acute Radiation Exposure in the Context of Evolving Multi-Organ Dysfunction and Failure after Total-Body Irradiation with 2.5% Bone Marrow Sparing. Radiat Res 2023; 199:319-335. [PMID: 36857032 PMCID: PMC10289057 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00178.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to establish a mouse model of acute radiation syndrome (ARS) after total-body irradiation with 2.5% bone marrow sparing (TBI/BM2.5) that progressed to the delayed effects of acute radiation exposure, specifically pneumonitis and/or pulmonary fibrosis (DEARE-lung), in animals surviving longer than 60 days. Two hundred age and sex matched C57L/J mice were assigned to one of six arms to receive a dose of 9.5 to 13.25 Gy of 320 kV X-ray TBI/BM2.5. A sham-irradiated cohort was included as an age- and sex-matched control. Blood was sampled from the facial vein prior to irradiation and on days 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 postirradiation for hematology. Respiratory function was monitored at regular intervals throughout the in-life phase. Animals with respiratory dysfunction were administered a single 12-day tapered regimen of dexamethasone, allometrically scaled from a similar regimen in the non-human primate. All animals were monitored daily for up to 224 days postirradiation for signs of organ dysfunction and morbidity/mortality. At euthanasia due to criteria or at the study endpoint, wet lung weights were recorded, and blood sampled for hematology and serum chemistry. The left lung, heart, spleen, small and large intestine, and kidneys were processed for histopathology. A dose-response curve with the estimated lethal dose for 10-99% of animals with 95% confidence intervals was established. The median survival time was significantly prolonged in males as compared to females across the 10.25 to 12.5 Gy dose range. Animal sex played a significant role in overall survival, with males 50% less likely to expire prior to the study endpoint compared to females. All animals developed pancytopenia within the first one- to two-weeks after TBI/BM2.5 followed by a progressive recovery through day 30. Fourteen percent of animals expired during the first 30-days postirradiation due to ARS (e.g., myelosuppression, gastrointestinal tissue abnormalities), with most deaths occurring prior to day 15. Microscopic findings show the presence of radiation pneumonitis as early as day 57. At time points later than day 70, pneumonitis was consistently present in the lungs of mice and the severity was comparable across radiation dose arms. Pulmonary fibrosis was first noted at day 64 but was not consistently present and stable in severity until after day 70. Fibrosis was comparable across radiation dose arms. In conclusion, this study established a multiple organ injury mouse model that progresses through the ARS phase to DEARE-lung, characterized by respiratory dysfunction, and microscopic abnormalities consistent with radiation pneumonitis/fibrosis. The model provides a platform for future development of medical countermeasures for approval and licensure by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration under the animal rule regulatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Gibbs
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Pawan Gupta
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Buddha Mali
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Yannick Poirier
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Mathangi Gopalakrishnan
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Diana Newman
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Andrew Zodda
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Julian D. Down
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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5
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Koenderman L, Tesselaar K, Vrisekoop N. Human neutrophil kinetics: a call to revisit old evidence. Trends Immunol 2022; 43:868-876. [PMID: 36243621 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The half-life of human neutrophils is still controversial, with estimates ranging from 7-9 h to 3.75 days. This debate should be settled to understand neutrophil production in the bone marrow (BM) and the potential and limitations of emergency neutropoiesis following infection or trauma. Furthermore, cellular lifespan greatly influences the potential effect(s) neutrophils have on the adaptive immune response. We posit that blood neutrophils are in exchange with different tissues, but particularly the BM, as it contains the largest pool of mature neutrophils. Furthermore, we propose that the oldest neutrophils are the first to die following a so-called conveyor belt model. These guiding principles shed new light on our interpretation of existing neutrophil lifespan data and offer recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Koenderman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Kiki Tesselaar
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke Vrisekoop
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
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6
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Keyvani Chahi A, Belew MS, Xu J, Chen HTT, Rentas S, Voisin V, Krivdova G, Lechman E, Marhon SA, De Carvalho DD, Dick JE, Bader GD, Hope KJ. PLAG1 dampens protein synthesis to promote human hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal. Blood 2022; 140:992-1008. [PMID: 35639948 PMCID: PMC9437713 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) dormancy is understood as supportive of HSC function and its long-term integrity. Although regulation of stress responses incurred as a result of HSC activation is recognized as important in maintaining stem cell function, little is understood of the preventive machinery present in human HSCs that may serve to resist their activation and promote HSC self-renewal. We demonstrate that the transcription factor PLAG1 is essential for long-term HSC function and, when overexpressed, endows a 15.6-fold enhancement in the frequency of functional HSCs in stimulatory conditions. Genome-wide measures of chromatin occupancy and PLAG1-directed gene expression changes combined with functional measures reveal that PLAG1 dampens protein synthesis, restrains cell growth and division, and enhances survival, with the primitive cell advantages it imparts being attenuated by addition of the potent translation activator, c-MYC. We find PLAG1 capitalizes on multiple regulatory factors to ensure protective diminished protein synthesis including 4EBP1 and translation-targeting miR-127 and does so independently of stress response signaling. Overall, our study identifies PLAG1 as an enforcer of human HSC dormancy and self-renewal through its highly context-specific regulation of protein biosynthesis and classifies PLAG1 among a rare set of bona fide regulators of messenger RNA translation in these cells. Our findings showcase the importance of regulated translation control underlying human HSC physiology, its dysregulation under activating demands, and the potential if its targeting for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Keyvani Chahi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences,McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Muluken S Belew
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences,McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Joshua Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences,McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - He Tian Tony Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences,McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stefan Rentas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences,McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Gabriela Krivdova
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Lechman
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; and
| | - Sajid A Marhon
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; and
| | - Daniel D De Carvalho
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; and
- Department of Medical Biophysics and
| | - John E Dick
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; and
| | - Gary D Bader
- The Donnelly Centre and
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; and
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kristin J Hope
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences,McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; and
- Department of Medical Biophysics and
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7
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Humanized mice for investigating sustained Plasmodium vivax blood-stage infections and transmission. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4123. [PMID: 35840625 PMCID: PMC9287384 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31864-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax is the most widespread human malaria parasite. Due to the presence of extravascular reservoirs and relapsing infections from dormant liver stages, P. vivax is particularly difficult to control and eliminate. Experimental research is hampered by the inability to maintain P. vivax cultures in vitro, due to its tropism for immature red blood cells (RBCs). Here, we describe a new humanized mice model that can support efficient human erythropoiesis and maintain long-lasting multiplication of inoculated cryopreserved P. vivax parasites and their sexual differentiation, including in bone marrow. Mature gametocytes were transmitted to Anopheles mosquitoes, which led to the formation of salivary gland sporozoites. Importantly, blood-stage P. vivax parasites were maintained after the secondary transfer of fresh or frozen infected bone marrow cells to naïve chimeras. This model provides a unique tool for investigating, in vivo, the biology of intraerythrocytic P. vivax.
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8
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Poller WC, Downey J, Mooslechner AA, Khan N, Li L, Chan CT, McAlpine CS, Xu C, Kahles F, He S, Janssen H, Mindur JE, Singh S, Kiss MG, Alonso-Herranz L, Iwamoto Y, Kohler RH, Wong LP, Chetal K, Russo SJ, Sadreyev RI, Weissleder R, Nahrendorf M, Frenette PS, Divangahi M, Swirski FK. Brain motor and fear circuits regulate leukocytes during acute stress. Nature 2022; 607:578-584. [PMID: 35636458 PMCID: PMC9798885 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04890-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The nervous and immune systems are intricately linked1. Although psychological stress is known to modulate immune function, mechanistic pathways linking stress networks in the brain to peripheral leukocytes remain poorly understood2. Here we show that distinct brain regions shape leukocyte distribution and function throughout the body during acute stress in mice. Using optogenetics and chemogenetics, we demonstrate that motor circuits induce rapid neutrophil mobilization from the bone marrow to peripheral tissues through skeletal-muscle-derived neutrophil-attracting chemokines. Conversely, the paraventricular hypothalamus controls monocyte and lymphocyte egress from secondary lymphoid organs and blood to the bone marrow through direct, cell-intrinsic glucocorticoid signalling. These stress-induced, counter-directional, population-wide leukocyte shifts are associated with altered disease susceptibility. On the one hand, acute stress changes innate immunity by reprogramming neutrophils and directing their recruitment to sites of injury. On the other hand, corticotropin-releasing hormone neuron-mediated leukocyte shifts protect against the acquisition of autoimmunity, but impair immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and influenza infection. Collectively, these data show that distinct brain regions differentially and rapidly tailor the leukocyte landscape during psychological stress, therefore calibrating the ability of the immune system to respond to physical threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram C Poller
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jeffrey Downey
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Agnes A Mooslechner
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nargis Khan
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Long Li
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher T Chan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cameron S McAlpine
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chunliang Xu
- The Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Florian Kahles
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shun He
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henrike Janssen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John E Mindur
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sumnima Singh
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Máté G Kiss
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura Alonso-Herranz
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yoshiko Iwamoto
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rainer H Kohler
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lai Ping Wong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kashish Chetal
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott J Russo
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruslan I Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul S Frenette
- The Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maziar Divangahi
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Filip K Swirski
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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9
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Jazbec K, Jež M, Švajger U, Smrekar B, Miceska S, Rajčevič U, Justin M, Završnik J, Malovrh T, Švara T, Gombač M, Ramšak Ž, Rožman P. The Influence of Heterochronic Non-Myeloablative Bone Marrow Transplantation on the Immune System, Frailty, General Health, and Longevity of Aged Murine Recipients. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040595. [PMID: 35454183 PMCID: PMC9028083 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The stem cell theory of aging postulates that stem cells become inefficient at maintaining the original functions of the tissues. We, therefore, hypothesized that transplanting young bone marrow (BM) to old recipients would lead to rejuvenating effects on immunity, followed by improved general health, decreased frailty, and possibly life span extension. We developed a murine model of non-myeloablative heterochronic BM transplantation in which old female BALB/c mice at 14, 16, and 18(19) months of age received altogether 125.1 ± 15.6 million nucleated BM cells from young male donors aged 7–13 weeks. At 21 months, donor chimerism was determined, and the immune system’s innate and adaptive arms were analyzed. Mice were then observed for general health and frailty until spontaneous death, when their lifespan, post-mortem examinations, and histopathological changes were recorded. The results showed that the old mice developed on average 18.7 ± 9.6% donor chimerism in the BM and showed certain improvements in their innate and adaptive arms of the immune system, such as favorable counts of neutrophils in the spleen and BM, central memory Th cells, effector/effector memory Th and Tc cells in the spleen, and B1a and B1b cells in the peritoneal cavity. Borderline enhanced lymphocyte proliferation capacity was also seen. The frailty parameters, pathomorphological results, and life spans did not differ significantly in the transplanted vs. control group of mice. In conclusion, although several favorable effects are obtained in our heterochronic non-myeloablative transplantation model, additional optimization is needed for better rejuvenation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Jazbec
- Diagnostic Services, Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.J.); (U.Š.); (B.S.); (S.M.); (U.R.); (M.J.); (P.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mojca Jež
- Diagnostic Services, Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.J.); (U.Š.); (B.S.); (S.M.); (U.R.); (M.J.); (P.R.)
| | - Urban Švajger
- Diagnostic Services, Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.J.); (U.Š.); (B.S.); (S.M.); (U.R.); (M.J.); (P.R.)
- Chair of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boštjan Smrekar
- Diagnostic Services, Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.J.); (U.Š.); (B.S.); (S.M.); (U.R.); (M.J.); (P.R.)
| | - Simona Miceska
- Diagnostic Services, Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.J.); (U.Š.); (B.S.); (S.M.); (U.R.); (M.J.); (P.R.)
| | - Uroš Rajčevič
- Diagnostic Services, Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.J.); (U.Š.); (B.S.); (S.M.); (U.R.); (M.J.); (P.R.)
| | - Mojca Justin
- Diagnostic Services, Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.J.); (U.Š.); (B.S.); (S.M.); (U.R.); (M.J.); (P.R.)
| | - Janja Završnik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Tadej Malovrh
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Tanja Švara
- Institute of Pathology, Wild Animals, Fish and Bees, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.Š.); (M.G.)
| | - Mitja Gombač
- Institute of Pathology, Wild Animals, Fish and Bees, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.Š.); (M.G.)
| | - Živa Ramšak
- National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Primož Rožman
- Diagnostic Services, Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.J.); (U.Š.); (B.S.); (S.M.); (U.R.); (M.J.); (P.R.)
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10
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Therapeutic efficacy of heterogeneously distributed radiolabelled peptides: Influence of radionuclide choice. Phys Med 2022; 96:90-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2022.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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11
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Satooka H, Matsui M, Ichioka S, Nakamura Y, Hirata T. The ERM protein moesin regulates natural killer cell homeostasis in vivo. Cell Immunol 2021; 371:104456. [PMID: 34798556 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Moesin is a member of the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) family of proteins that link plasma membrane proteins with actin filaments in the cell cortex. Hemizygous mutations in the X-linked moesin gene are associated with primary immunodeficiency with T and B cell lymphopenia, which also affects natural killer (NK) cells in most cases. We previously showed that moesin deficiency in mice substantially affects lymphocyte homeostasis, but its impact on NK cells remains unexplored. Here, we found that in moesin-deficient mice, NK cells were decreased in the peripheral blood and bone marrow but increased in the spleen. Analysis of female heterozygous mice showed a selective advantage for moesin-expressing NK cells in the blood. Moesin-deficient NK cells exhibited increased cell death and impaired signaling in response to IL-15, suggesting that moesin regulates NK cell survival through IL-15-mediated signaling. Our findings thus identify moesin as an NK cell homeostasis regulator in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Satooka
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Makoto Matsui
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Satoko Ichioka
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Yuzuki Nakamura
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Takako Hirata
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
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12
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Duchmann M, Laplane L, Itzykson R. Clonal Architecture and Evolutionary Dynamics in Acute Myeloid Leukemias. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4887. [PMID: 34638371 PMCID: PMC8507870 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemias (AML) results from the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations, often in the context of an aging hematopoietic environment. The development of high-throughput sequencing-and more recently, of single-cell technologies-has shed light on the intratumoral diversity of leukemic cells. Taking AML as a model disease, we review the multiple sources of genetic, epigenetic, and functional heterogeneity of leukemic cells and discuss the definition of a leukemic clone extending its definition beyond genetics. After introducing the two dimensions contributing to clonal diversity, namely, richness (number of leukemic clones) and evenness (distribution of clone sizes), we discuss the mechanisms at the origin of clonal emergence (mutation rate, number of generations, and effective size of the leukemic population) and the causes of clonal dynamics. We discuss the possible role of neutral drift, but also of cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic influences on clonal fitness. After reviewing available data on the prognostic role of genetic and epigenetic diversity of leukemic cells on patients' outcome, we discuss how a better understanding of AML as an evolutionary process could lead to the design of novel therapeutic strategies in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Duchmann
- Génomes, Biologie Cellulaire et Thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France;
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Lucie Laplane
- Institut d’Histoire et Philosophie des Sciences et des Techniques UMR 8590, CNRS, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, 75010 Paris, France;
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, UMR1287, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Raphael Itzykson
- Génomes, Biologie Cellulaire et Thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Paris, 75010 Paris, France;
- Département Hématologie et Immunologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75010 Paris, France
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13
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Miharada N, Rydström A, Rak J, Larsson J. Uncoupling key determinants of hematopoietic stem cell engraftment through cell-specific and temporally controlled recipient conditioning. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1705-1717. [PMID: 34171287 PMCID: PMC8282468 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are typically characterized by transplantation into irradiated hosts in a highly perturbed microenvironment. Here, we show that selective and temporally controlled depletion of resident HSCs through genetic deletion of Gata2 constitutes efficient recipient conditioning for transplantation without irradiation. Strikingly, we achieved robust engraftment of donor HSCs even when delaying Gata2 deletion until 4 weeks after transplantation, allowing homing and early localization to occur in a completely non-perturbed environment. When HSCs from the congenic strains Ly5.1 and Ly5.2 were competitively transplanted, we found that the more proliferative state of Ly5.2 HSCs was associated with superior long-term engraftment when using conditioning by standard irradiation, while higher CXCR4 expression and a better homing ability of Ly5.1 HSCs strongly favored the outcome in our inducible HSC depletion model. Thus, the mode and timing of recipient conditioning challenges distinct functional features of transplanted HSCs. Inducible gene deletion of Gata2 rapidly and selectively depletes the HSC pool Gata2 deletion constitutes efficient recipient conditioning for HSC transplantation The model enables detection of HSC engraftment in a non-perturbed microenvironment Transplantation without irradiation uniquely challenges homing properties of HSCs
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Miharada
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Rydström
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Justyna Rak
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonas Larsson
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
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14
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Lieske A, Ha TC, Schambach A, Maetzig T. An improved lentiviral fluorescent genetic barcoding approach distinguishes hematopoietic stem cell properties in multiplexed in vivo experiments. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:1280-1294. [PMID: 34139894 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) represent a rare cell population of particular interest for biomedical research and regenerative medicine. Various marker combinations enable the isolation of HSCs but fail to reach purity in transplantation assays. To reduce animal consumption, we developed a multiplexing system based on lentiviral fluorescent genetic barcoding (FGB) to enable the parallel characterization of multiple HSC samples within single animals. While previous FGB-mediated HSC multiplexing experiments achieved high in vitro gene marking rates, in vivo persistence of transduced cells remained sub-optimal. Thus, we aimed to optimize vector design and gene transfer protocols to demonstrate the applicability of FGB for functional characterization of two highly similar HSC populations in a reduced number of mice. We developed a set of 6 new lentiviral FGB vectors, utilizing individual and combinatorial expression of Azami Green, mCherry, and YFP derivatives. Gene transfer rates were optimized by overnight transduction of pre-stimulated HSCs with titrated vector doses. Populations for competitive transplantation experiments were identified by immunophenotyping murine HSCs. This identified an LSK-SLAM- (Lin-Sca-1+cKit+CD48-CD150+EPCR-) cell subpopulation that lacks EPCR expression and exhibits prospectively reduced self-renewal potential compared with prototypical ESLAM (CD45+EPCR+CD48-CD150+) HSCs. We monitored 30 data points per HSC-subpopulation in two independent experiments (each n=5) after co-transplantation of 3 uniquely color-coded ESLAM and LSK-SLAM- samples per recipient. While the first experiment was hampered by data fluctuations, increasing cell numbers and exchange of the internal promoter in the second experiment led to 74.4% chimerism, with 87.1% of fluorescent cells derived from ESLAM HSCs. Furthermore, ESLAM-derived cells produced 88.1% of myeloid cells, which is indicative of their origin from long-term repopulating HSCs. This work verifies the importance of EPCR for long-term repopulating HSCs and demonstrates the applicability of our optimized FGB-driven multiplexing approach for the efficient characterization of blood cell populations in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lieske
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover, Germany.,Hannover Medical School, Clinic for Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover, Germany.,Hannover Medical School, 9177, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany;
| | - Teng-Cheong Ha
- Hannover Medical School, 9177, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover, State..., Germany.,Hannover Medical School, 9177, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany;
| | - Axel Schambach
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover, Germany.,Hannover Medical School, 9177, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany.,Harvard Medical School, 1811, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States;
| | - Tobias Maetzig
- Hannover Medical School, Insitute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover, Germany.,Hannover Medical School, Clinic for Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover, Germany.,Hannover Medical School, 9177, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany;
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15
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Patterson AM, Sellamuthu R, Plett PA, Sampson CH, Chua HL, Fisher A, Vemula S, Feng H, Katz BP, Tudor G, Miller SJ, MacVittie TJ, Booth C, Orschell CM. Establishing Pediatric Mouse Models of the Hematopoietic Acute Radiation Syndrome and the Delayed Effects of Acute Radiation Exposure. Radiat Res 2021; 195:307-323. [PMID: 33577641 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00259.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Medical countermeasures (MCMs) for hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS) should be evaluated in well-characterized animal models, with consideration of at-risk populations such as pediatrics. We have developed pediatric mouse models of H-ARS and delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE) for efficacy testing of MCMs against radiation. Male and female C57BL/6J mice aged 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 weeks old (±1 day) were characterized for baseline hematopoietic and gastrointestinal parameters, radiation response, efficacy of a known MCM, and DEARE at six and 12 months after total-body irradiation (TBI). Weanlings (age 3 weeks) were the most radiosensitive age group with an estimated LD50/30 of 712 cGy, while mice aged 4 to 8 weeks were more radioresistant with an estimated LD50/30 of 767-787 cGy. Female weanlings were more radiosensitive than males at 3 and 4 weeks old but became significantly more radioresistant after the pubertal age of 5 weeks. The most dramatic increase in body weight, RBC counts and intestinal circumference length occurred from 3 to 5 weeks of age. The established radiomitigator Neulasta® (pegfilgrastim) significantly increased 30-day survival in all age groups, validating these models for MCM efficacy testing. Analyses of DEARE among pediatric survivors revealed depressed weight gain in males six months post-TBI, and increased blood urea nitrogen at 12 months post-TBI which was more severe in females. Hematopoietic DEARE at six months post-TBI appeared to be less severe in survivors from the 3- and 4-week-old groups but was equally severe in all age groups by 12 months of age. Similar to our other acute radiation mouse models, there was no appreciable effect of Neulasta used as an H-ARS MCM on the severity of DEARE. In summary, these data characterize a pediatric mouse model useful for assessing the efficacy of MCMs against ARS and DEARE in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Patterson
- Department of a Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Rajendran Sellamuthu
- Department of a Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - P Artur Plett
- Department of a Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Carol H Sampson
- Department of a Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Hui Lin Chua
- Department of a Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Alexa Fisher
- Department of a Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sasidhar Vemula
- Department of a Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Hailin Feng
- Department of a Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Barry P Katz
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Steven J Miller
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Thomas J MacVittie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Christie M Orschell
- Department of a Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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16
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Dichek DA. Response by Dichek to Letter Regarding Article, "Jugular Vein Injection of High-Titer Lentiviral Vectors Does Not Transduce the Aorta". Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:e240-e242. [PMID: 33760630 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.315965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A Dichek
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
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17
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Nahrendorf W, Ivens A, Spence PJ. Inducible mechanisms of disease tolerance provide an alternative strategy of acquired immunity to malaria. eLife 2021; 10:e63838. [PMID: 33752799 PMCID: PMC7987336 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunity to malaria is often considered slow to develop but this only applies to defense mechanisms that function to eliminate parasites (resistance). In contrast, immunity to severe disease can be acquired quickly and without the need for improved pathogen control (tolerance). Using Plasmodium chabaudi, we show that a single malaria episode is sufficient to induce host adaptations that can minimise inflammation, prevent tissue damage and avert endothelium activation, a hallmark of severe disease. Importantly, monocytes are functionally reprogrammed to prevent their differentiation into inflammatory macrophages and instead promote mechanisms of stress tolerance to protect their niche. This alternative fate is not underpinned by epigenetic reprogramming of bone marrow progenitors but appears to be imprinted within the remodelled spleen. Crucially, all of these adaptations operate independently of pathogen load and limit the damage caused by malaria parasites in subsequent infections. Acquired immunity to malaria therefore prioritises host fitness over pathogen clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Nahrendorf
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Alasdair Ivens
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Philip J Spence
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
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18
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Garousi J, von Witting E, Borin J, Vorobyeva A, Altai M, Vorontsova O, Konijnenberg MW, Oroujeni M, Orlova A, Tolmachev V, Hober S. Radionuclide therapy using ABD-fused ADAPT scaffold protein: Proof of Principle. Biomaterials 2020; 266:120381. [PMID: 33120197 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Molecular recognition in targeted therapeutics is typically based on immunoglobulins. Development of engineered scaffold proteins (ESPs) has provided additional opportunities for the development of targeted therapies. ESPs offer inexpensive production in prokaryotic hosts, high stability and convenient approaches to modify their biodistribution. In this study, we demonstrated successful modification of the biodistribution of an ESP known as ADAPT (Albumin-binding domain Derived Affinity ProTein). ADAPTs are selected from a library based on the scaffold of ABD (Albumin Binding Domain) of protein G. A particular ADAPT, the ADAPT6, binds to human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) with high affinity. Preclinical and early clinical studies have demonstrated that radiolabeled ADAPT6 can image HER2-expression in tumors with high contrast. However, its rapid glomerular filtration and high renal reabsorption have prevented its use in radionuclide therapy. To modify the biodistribution, ADAPT6 was genetically fused to an ABD. The non-covalent binding to the host's albumin resulted in a 14-fold reduction of renal uptake and appreciable increase of tumor uptake for the best variant, 177Lu-DOTA-ADAPT6-ABD035. Experimental therapy in mice bearing HER2-expressing xenografts demonstrated more than two-fold increase of median survival even after a single injection of 18 MBq 177Lu-DOTA-ADAPT6-ABD035. Thus, a fusion with ABD and optimization of the molecular design provides ADAPT derivatives with attractive targeting properties for radionuclide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Garousi
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emma von Witting
- Department of Protein Technology, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Borin
- Department of Protein Technology, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anzhelika Vorobyeva
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-75185, Uppsala, Sweden; Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Mohamed Altai
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olga Vorontsova
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mark W Konijnenberg
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maryam Oroujeni
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Orlova
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-75185, Uppsala, Sweden; Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - Sophia Hober
- Department of Protein Technology, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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Revollo JR, Dad A, Pearce MG, Mittelstaedt RA, Casildo A, Lapidus RG, Robison TW, Dobrovolsky VN. CD59-deficient bone marrow erythroid cells from rats treated with procarbazine and propyl-nitrosourea have mutations in the Pig-a gene. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2020; 61:797-806. [PMID: 32729949 DOI: 10.1002/em.22402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Procarbazine (PCZ) and N-propyl-N-nitrosourea (PNU) are rodent mutagens and carcinogens. Both induce GPI-anchored marker-deficient mutant-phenotype red blood cells (RBCs) in the flow cytometry-based rat RBC Pig-a assay. In the present study, we traced the origin of the RBC mutant phenotype by analyzing Pig-a mutations in the precursors of RBCs, bone marrow erythroid cells (BMEs). Rats were exposed to a total of 450 mg/kg PCZ hydrochloride or 300 mg/kg PNU, and bone marrow was collected 2, 7, and 10 weeks later. Using a flow cell sorter, we isolated CD59-deficient mutant-phenotype BMEs from PCZ- and PNU-treated rats and examined their endogenous X-linked Pig-a gene by next generation sequencing. Pig-a mutations consistent with the properties of PCZ and PNU were found in sorted mutant-phenotype BMEs. PCZ induced mainly A > T transversions with the mutated A on the nontranscribed strand of the Pig-a gene, while PNU induced mainly T > A transversions with the mutated T on the nontranscribed strand. The treatment-induced mutations were distributed across the protein coding sequence of the Pig-a gene. The causal relationship between BMEs and RBCs and the agent-specific mutational spectra in CD59-deicient BMEs indicate that the rat RBC Pig-a assay, scoring CD59-deficient mutant-phenotype RBCs in peripheral blood, detects Pig-a gene mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier R Revollo
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Azra Dad
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Mason G Pearce
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Roberta A Mittelstaedt
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Andrea Casildo
- Greenbaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rena G Lapidus
- Greenbaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy W Robison
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Vasily N Dobrovolsky
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
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20
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Poirier Y, Belley MD, Dewhirst MW, Yoshizumic TT, Down JD. Transitioning from Gamma Rays to X Rays for Comparable Biomedical Research Irradiations: Energy Matters. Radiat Res 2020; 193:506-511. [PMID: 32315248 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00039.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Many studies in biomedical research and various allied fields, in which cells or laboratory animals are exposed to radiation, rely on adequate radiation dose standardization for reproducibility and comparability of biological data. Due to increasing concerns regarding international terrorism, the use of radioactive isotopes has recently been met with enhanced security measures. Thus, a growing number of researchers have considered transferring their studies from gamma-ray to kilovoltage X-ray irradiators. Current commercially-available X-ray biological irradiators produce radiation beams with reasonable field geometry and overall dose-homogeneity; however, they operate over a wide range of different energies, both between different models and for a specific unit as well. As a result, the contribution from Compton scattering and the photoelectric effect also varies widely between different irradiators and different beam qualities. The photoelectric effect significantly predominates at the relatively low X-ray energies in which these irradiators operate. Consequently, a higher dose is delivered to bony tissues and the adjacent hematopoietic cells of the bone marrow. The increase in average radiation absorbed dose to the bone marrow compartment of the mouse can be as high as 30%, causing higher hematological sensitivity of animals when exposed to kilovoltage X rays. Adjusting the radiation dose to simply provide biological equivalency is complicated due to steep dose gradients within the marrow tissue and the qualitatively different outcomes depending on the spatial location of critical stem and progenitor populations in relationship to bone. These concerns may be practically addressed by efforts to implement X rays of the highest possible beam energy and penetration and increased awareness that radiation damage to hematopoietic cells will not be identical to data obtained from standard 137Cs gamma rays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Poirier
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Matthew D Belley
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Mark W Dewhirst
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Terry T Yoshizumic
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Julian D Down
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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21
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Xie X, Shi Q, Wu P, Zhang X, Kambara H, Su J, Yu H, Park SY, Guo R, Ren Q, Zhang S, Xu Y, Silberstein LE, Cheng T, Ma F, Li C, Luo HR. Single-cell transcriptome profiling reveals neutrophil heterogeneity in homeostasis and infection. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:1119-1133. [PMID: 32719519 PMCID: PMC7442692 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0736-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The full neutrophil heterogeneity and differentiation landscape remains incompletely characterized. Here we profiled >25,000 differentiating and mature mouse neutrophils using single-cell RNA sequencing to provide a comprehensive transcriptional landscape of neutrophil maturation, function, and fate decision in their steady state and during bacterial infection. Eight neutrophil populations were defined by distinct molecular signatures. The three mature peripheral blood neutrophil subsets arise from distinct maturing bone marrow neutrophil subsets. Driven by both known and uncharacterized transcription factors, neutrophils gradually acquire microbicidal capability as they traverse the transcriptional landscape, representing an evolved mechanism for fine-tuned regulation of an effective but balanced neutrophil response. Bacterial infection reprograms the genetic architecture of neutrophil populations, alters dynamic transition between each subpopulation, and primes neutrophils for augmented functionality without affecting overall heterogeneity. In summary, these data establish a reference model and general framework for studying neutrophil-related disease mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets at single-cell resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qiang Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Center for Bioinformatics, Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hiroto Kambara
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiayu Su
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.,School of Life Sciences, Center for Bioinformatics, Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Yu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shin-Young Park
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rongxia Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Sudong Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanfu Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Leslie E Silberstein
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tao Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengxia Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
| | - Cheng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Center for Bioinformatics, Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongbo R Luo
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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22
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Justin M, Jež M, Košir A, Miceska S, Rožman P, Jazbec K. Application of the 3R principles: Vertebrae as an additional source of murine bone-marrow cells. Lab Anim 2020; 55:43-52. [PMID: 32419577 DOI: 10.1177/0023677220922573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Experimental murine models are an essential tool in the field of bone marrow (BM) transplantation research. Therefore, numerous mice are required to obtain a sufficient number of BM cells, which is in contrast with the Reduction principle of the 3R principles. The selection of the cell source and the isolation protocol are therefore critical in obtaining a sufficient yield of cells for experiments. Nowadays, the vertebrae are already used as an extra source of BM cells to enrich the number of isolated cells from the long bones and ilia (LBI), when needed. Yet, little is known if BM cells from LBI and vertebrae share the same characteristics and can be pooled together for further analysis. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to compare the quantity and characteristics of haematopoietic and stromal cell lines in the BM from the LBI and vertebrae. To count haematopoietic and mesenchymal stem/stromal progenitors, colony-forming unit assays were performed. To determine the expansion capacity of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), cultivation of MSCs and measurement of the expression of surface markers by flow cytometry was performed. The characterisation and enumeration of immune cell populations was also performed by flow cytometry. Here, we show that the vertebrae are a comparable source of BM cells to the LBI regarding the analysed parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojca Justin
- Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Slovenia.,University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Jež
- Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Slovenia
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23
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Tratwal J, Labella R, Bravenboer N, Kerckhofs G, Douni E, Scheller EL, Badr S, Karampinos DC, Beck-Cormier S, Palmisano B, Poloni A, Moreno-Aliaga MJ, Fretz J, Rodeheffer MS, Boroumand P, Rosen CJ, Horowitz MC, van der Eerden BCJ, Veldhuis-Vlug AG, Naveiras O. Reporting Guidelines, Review of Methodological Standards, and Challenges Toward Harmonization in Bone Marrow Adiposity Research. Report of the Methodologies Working Group of the International Bone Marrow Adiposity Society. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:65. [PMID: 32180758 PMCID: PMC7059536 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest in bone marrow adiposity (BMA) has increased over the last decade due to its association with, and potential role, in a range of diseases (osteoporosis, diabetes, anorexia, cancer) as well as treatments (corticosteroid, radiation, chemotherapy, thiazolidinediones). However, to advance the field of BMA research, standardization of methods is desirable to increase comparability of study outcomes and foster collaboration. Therefore, at the 2017 annual BMA meeting, the International Bone Marrow Adiposity Society (BMAS) founded a working group to evaluate methodologies in BMA research. All BMAS members could volunteer to participate. The working group members, who are all active preclinical or clinical BMA researchers, searched the literature for articles investigating BMA and discussed the results during personal and telephone conferences. According to the consensus opinion, both based on the review of the literature and on expert opinion, we describe existing methodologies and discuss the challenges and future directions for (1) histomorphometry of bone marrow adipocytes, (2) ex vivo BMA imaging, (3) in vivo BMA imaging, (4) cell isolation, culture, differentiation and in vitro modulation of primary bone marrow adipocytes and bone marrow stromal cell precursors, (5) lineage tracing and in vivo BMA modulation, and (6) BMA biobanking. We identify as accepted standards in BMA research: manual histomorphometry and osmium tetroxide 3D contrast-enhanced μCT for ex vivo quantification, specific MRI sequences (WFI and H-MRS) for in vivo studies, and RT-qPCR with a minimal four gene panel or lipid-based assays for in vitro quantification of bone marrow adipogenesis. Emerging techniques are described which may soon come to complement or substitute these gold standards. Known confounding factors and minimal reporting standards are presented, and their use is encouraged to facilitate comparison across studies. In conclusion, specific BMA methodologies have been developed. However, important challenges remain. In particular, we advocate for the harmonization of methodologies, the precise reporting of known confounding factors, and the identification of methods to modulate BMA independently from other tissues. Wider use of existing animal models with impaired BMA production (e.g., Pfrt-/-, KitW/W-v) and development of specific BMA deletion models would be highly desirable for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Tratwal
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Institute of Bioengineering and Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rossella Labella
- Tissue and Tumour Microenvironments Lab, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie Bravenboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Bone Quality, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Greet Kerckhofs
- Biomechanics Lab, Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Department Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eleni Douni
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Erica L. Scheller
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Sammy Badr
- Univ. Lille, EA 4490 - PMOI - Physiopathologie des Maladies Osseuses Inflammatoires, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Service de Radiologie et Imagerie Musculosquelettique, Lille, France
| | - Dimitrios C. Karampinos
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Beck-Cormier
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France
| | - Biagio Palmisano
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Antonella Poloni
- Hematology, Department of Clinic and Molecular Science, Università Politecnica Marche-AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria J. Moreno-Aliaga
- Centre for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra's Health Research Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jackie Fretz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Matthew S. Rodeheffer
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Parastoo Boroumand
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Clifford J. Rosen
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Scarborough, ME, United States
| | - Mark C. Horowitz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Bram C. J. van der Eerden
- Laboratory for Calcium and Bone Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annegreet G. Veldhuis-Vlug
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Bone Quality, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Scarborough, ME, United States
- Jan van Goyen Medical Center/OLVG Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Annegreet G. Veldhuis-Vlug
| | - Olaia Naveiras
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Institute of Bioengineering and Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Hematology Service, Departments of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Olaia Naveiras ;
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24
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Ema H. Successful ex vivo expansion of mouse hematopoietic stem cells. BLOOD SCIENCE 2019; 1:116-118. [PMID: 35402802 PMCID: PMC8974897 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is considered the holy grail in stem cell biology and therapy, as it has long been difficult to make this procedure possible. Yamazaki's research team has established new, polyvinyl alcohol-based culture conditions and shown a significant expansion of mouse HSCs from a small number of cells after a month of culture. Surprisingly, expanded HSCs were able to reconstitute unconditioned normal mice. There is generally a technical concern in limiting dilution assay to estimate a fold-expansion of HSCs. But, this work paves the way toward expansion of human HSCs useful for transplantation medicine.
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25
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Moffett HF, Harms CK, Fitzpatrick KS, Tooley MR, Boonyaratanakornkit J, Taylor JJ. B cells engineered to express pathogen-specific antibodies protect against infection. Sci Immunol 2019; 4:eaax0644. [PMID: 31101673 PMCID: PMC6913193 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aax0644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Effective vaccines inducing lifelong protection against many important infections such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), HIV, influenza virus, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are not yet available despite decades of research. As an alternative to a protective vaccine, we developed a genetic engineering strategy in which CRISPR-Cas9 was used to replace endogenously encoded antibodies with antibodies targeting RSV, HIV, influenza virus, or EBV in primary human B cells. The engineered antibodies were expressed efficiently in primary B cells under the control of endogenous regulatory elements, which maintained normal antibody expression and secretion. Using engineered mouse B cells, we demonstrated that a single transfer of B cells engineered to express an antibody against RSV resulted in potent and durable protection against RSV infection in RAG1-deficient mice. This approach offers the opportunity to achieve sterilizing immunity against pathogens for which traditional vaccination has failed to induce or maintain protective antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howell F Moffett
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N. Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Carson K Harms
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N. Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kristin S Fitzpatrick
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N. Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Marti R Tooley
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N. Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jim Boonyaratanakornkit
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N. Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Justin J Taylor
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N. Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 1510 San Juan Road, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, 750 Republican St., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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26
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Kovina MV, Karnaukhov AV, Krasheninnikov ME, Kovin AL, Gazheev ST, Sergievich LA, Karnaukhova EV, Bogdanenko EV, Balyasin MV, Khodarovich YM, Dyuzheva TG, Lyundup AV. Extension of Maximal Lifespan and High Bone Marrow Chimerism After Nonmyeloablative Syngeneic Transplantation of Bone Marrow From Young to Old Mice. Front Genet 2019; 10:310. [PMID: 31031800 PMCID: PMC6473025 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this work was to determine the effect of nonablative syngeneic transplantation of young bone marrow (BM) to laboratory animals (mice) of advanced age upon maximum duration of their lifespan. To do this, transplantation of 100 million nucleated cells from BM of young syngeneic donors to an old nonablated animal was performed at the time when half of the population had already died. As a result, the maximum lifespan (MLS) increased by 28 ± 5%, and the survival time from the beginning of the experiment increased 2.8 ± 0.3-fold. The chimerism of the BM 6 months after the transplantation was 28%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V Kovina
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V Karnaukhov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | | | - Artem L Kovin
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sarul T Gazheev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Larisa A Sergievich
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Elena V Karnaukhova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Elena V Bogdanenko
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim V Balyasin
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury M Khodarovich
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexey V Lyundup
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
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27
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Högstrand K, Grandien A. MYC-driven malignant transformation of mature murine B cells requires inhibition of both intrinsic apoptosis and p53 activity. Eur J Immunol 2018; 49:375-385. [PMID: 30281155 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Increased expression of the oncogene MYC is a common feature of many B-cell malignancies, however MYC overexpression by itself is not sufficient for transformation, and additional genetic events are required, although the exact nature of these remains unknown. In patients and in transgenic mouse models, oncogenic transformation may occur in B cells at various differentiation stages interacting with complex microenvironments. B-cell oncogenesis often occurs after prolonged periods of time, making it difficult to accurately identify the genetic events required for transformation. An in vitro system, where malignant transformation of primary B cells could be analyzed, would facilitate the identification of genetic events required for transformation. Here, we describe such a system and show that primary murine B cells rapidly become transformed upon forced expression of MYC, in conjunction with simultaneous inhibition of the ARF/p53 axis via overexpression of BMI1, as well as through downregulation of p19ARF or expression of a dominant-negative p53 and suppression of intrinsic apoptosis through overexpression of BCLXL or MCL1. Established tumor cells remained addicted to expression of the lymphoma-inducing genes. In mice, transformed cells rapidly established fatal B-cell lymphomas. Our results suggest that transformation of normal mature B cells into lymphomas can occur as a consequence of three defined events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Högstrand
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alf Grandien
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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28
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Jazbec K, Jež M, Smrekar B, Miceska S, Rožman JŽ, Švajger U, Završnik J, Malovrh T, Rožman P. Chimerism and gene therapy - Lessons learned from non-conditioned murine bone marrow transplantation models. Eur J Haematol 2018; 100:372-382. [DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mojca Jež
- Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | | | - Simona Miceska
- Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | | | - Urban Švajger
- Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | | | - Tadej Malovrh
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology; Veterinary Faculty; University of Ljubljana; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Primož Rožman
- Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia; Ljubljana Slovenia
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29
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Ma Y, Dawicki W, Zhang X, Gordon JR. Contributions of direct versus indirect mechanisms for regulatory dendritic cell suppression of asthmatic allergen-specific IgG1 antibody responses. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190414. [PMID: 29293622 PMCID: PMC5749789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-10-differentiated dendritic cells (DC10) can reverse the asthma phenotype in mice, but how they suppress the asthmatic B cell response is unclear. Herein we assessed the mechanism(s) by which DC10 and DC10-induced Treg affect IgG1 production in asthma. We observed a rapid decline in lung-resident OVA-specific IgG1-secreting B cells on cessation of airway allergen challenge, and intraperitoneal DC10 therapy did not amplify that (p>0.05). It did however increase the loss of IgG1-B cells from the bone marrow (by 45+/-7.2%; p≤0.01) and spleen (by 65+/-17.8%; p≤0.05) over 2 wk. Delivery of OVA-loaded DC10 directly into the airways of asthmatic mice decreased the lung IgG1 B cell response assessed 2 dy later by 33+/-9.7% (p≤0.01), while their co-culture with asthmatic lung cell suspensions reduced the numbers of IgG1-secreting cells by 56.5+/-9.7% (p≤0.01). This effect was dependent on the DC10 carrying intact allergen on their cell surface; DC10 that had phagocytosed and fully processed their allergen were unable to suppress B cell responses, although they did suppress asthmatic Th2 cell responses. We had shown that therapeutic delivery of DC10-induced Treg can effectively suppress asthmatic T and B cell (IgE and IgG1) responses; herein CD4+ cells or Treg from the lungs of DC10-treated OVA-asthmatic mice suppressed in vitro B cell IgG1 production by 52.2+/-8.7% (p≤0.001) or 44.6+/-12.2% (p≤0.05), respectively, but delivery of DC10-induced Treg directly into the airways of asthmatic mice had no discernible impact over 2 dy on the numbers of lung IgG1-secreting cells (p≥0.05). In summary, DC10 treatment down-regulates OVA-specific B cell responses of asthmatic mice. While DC10 that carry intact allergen on their cell surface can dampen this response, DC10-induced Treg are critical for full realization of this outcome. This suggests that infectious tolerance is an essential element in regulatory DC control of the B cell response in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Ma
- Division of Respirology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Wojciech Dawicki
- Division of Respirology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Xiaobei Zhang
- Division of Respirology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - John R. Gordon
- Division of Respirology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- * E-mail:
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30
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Elder A, Bomken S, Wilson I, Blair HJ, Cockell S, Ponthan F, Dormon K, Pal D, Heidenreich O, Vormoor J. Abundant and equipotent founder cells establish and maintain acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Leukemia 2017; 31:2577-2586. [PMID: 28487542 PMCID: PMC5558874 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
High frequencies of blasts in primary acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) samples have the potential to induce leukaemia and to engraft mice. However, it is unclear how individual ALL cells each contribute to drive leukaemic development in a bulk transplant and the extent to which these blasts vary functionally. We used cellular barcoding as a fate mapping tool to track primograft ALL blasts in vivo. Our results show that high numbers of ALL founder cells contribute at similar frequencies to leukaemic propagation over serial transplants, without any clear evidence of clonal succession. These founder cells also exhibit equal capacity to home and engraft to different organs, although stochastic processes may alter the composition in restrictive niches. Our findings enhance the stochastic stem cell model of ALL by demonstrating equal functional abilities of singular ALL blasts and show that successful treatment strategies must eradicate the entire leukaemic cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Elder
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - S Bomken
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Haematology and Oncology, Great North Children’s Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - I Wilson
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - H J Blair
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - S Cockell
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - F Ponthan
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - K Dormon
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - D Pal
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - O Heidenreich
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - J Vormoor
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Haematology and Oncology, Great North Children’s Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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31
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Quesenberry P, Goldberg L. A revisionist history of adult marrow stem cell biology or 'they forgot about the discard'. Leukemia 2017; 31:1678-1685. [PMID: 28529310 PMCID: PMC5568824 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The adult marrow hematopoietic stem cell biology has largely been based on studies of highly purified stem cells. This is unfortunate because during the stem cell purification the great bulk of stem cells are discarded. These cells are actively proliferating. The final purified stem cell is dormant and not representative of the whole stem cell compartment. Thus, a large number of studies on the cellular characteristics, regulators and molecular details of stem cells have been carried on out of non-represented cells. Niche studies have largely pursued using these purified stem cells and these are largely un-interpretable. Other considerations include the distinction between baseline and transplant stem cells and the modulation of stem cell phenotype by extracellular vesicles, to cite a non-inclusive list. Work needs to proceed on characterizing the true stem cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Quesenberry
- Department of Medicine, Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - L Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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32
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Wang W, Stiehl T, Raffel S, Hoang VT, Hoffmann I, Poisa-Beiro L, Saeed BR, Blume R, Manta L, Eckstein V, Bochtler T, Wuchter P, Essers M, Jauch A, Trumpp A, Marciniak-Czochra A, Ho AD, Lutz C. Reduced hematopoietic stem cell frequency predicts outcome in acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2017; 102:1567-1577. [PMID: 28550184 PMCID: PMC5685219 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.163584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with acute myeloid leukemia and low percentages of aldehyde-dehydrogenase-positive cells, non-leukemic hematopoietic stem cells can be separated from leukemic cells. By relating hematopoietic stem cell frequencies to outcome we detected poor overall- and disease-free survival of patients with low hematopoietic stem cell frequencies. Serial analysis of matched diagnostic and follow-up samples further demonstrated that hematopoietic stem cells increased after chemotherapy in patients who achieved durable remissions. However, in patients who eventually relapsed, hematopoietic stem cell numbers decreased dramatically at the time of molecular relapse demonstrating that hematopoietic stem cell levels represent an indirect marker of minimal residual disease, which heralds leukemic relapse. Upon transplantation in immune-deficient mice cases with low percentages of hematopoietic stem cells of our cohort gave rise to leukemic or no engraftment, whereas cases with normal hematopoietic stem cell levels mostly resulted in multi-lineage engraftment. Based on our experimental data, we propose that leukemic stem cells have increased niche affinity in cases with low percentages of hematopoietic stem cells. To validate this hypothesis, we developed new mathematical models describing the dynamics of healthy and leukemic cells under different regulatory scenarios. These models suggest that the mechanism leading to decreases in hematopoietic stem cell frequencies before leukemic relapse must be based on expansion of leukemic stem cells with high niche affinity and the ability to dislodge hematopoietic stem cells. Thus, our data suggest that decreasing numbers of hematopoietic stem cells indicate leukemic stem cell persistence and the emergence of leukemic relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wang
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Thomas Stiehl
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), BIOQUANT, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Simon Raffel
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University, Germany.,Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Germany
| | - Van T Hoang
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | | | | | - Borhan R Saeed
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Rachel Blume
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Linda Manta
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | | | - Tilmann Bochtler
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Hematology/Oncology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Marieke Essers
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Germany
| | - Anna Jauch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Marciniak-Czochra
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), BIOQUANT, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Anthony D Ho
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Christoph Lutz
- Department of Medicine V, Heidelberg University, Germany .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
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33
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Quantification and three-dimensional microanatomical organization of the bone marrow. Blood Adv 2017; 1:407-416. [PMID: 29296956 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2016003194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) constitutes one of the largest organs in mice and humans, continuously generating, in a highly regulated manner, red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells that together form the majority of cells of the body. In this review, we provide a quantitative overview of BM cellular composition, we summarize emerging knowledge on its structural organization and cellular niches, and we argue for the need of multidimensional approaches such as recently developed imaging techniques to uncover the complex spatial logic that underlies BM function in health and disease.
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34
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Numerous niches for hematopoietic stem cells remain empty during homeostasis. Blood 2017; 129:2124-2131. [PMID: 28130213 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-09-740563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in and are maintained by special microenvironments, termed niches. It is assumed that the HSC niche space remains occupied by endogenous cells and that myelosuppressive conditioning is required to achieve high levels of HSC engraftment. We herein demonstrate that upon the transplantation of very large numbers of purified HSCs into normal mice not exposed to myeloablation, donor HSCs engrafted in niches distant from filled HSC niches without replacing host HSCs and subsequently proliferated and generated hematopoietic progenitors, leading to marked increases in the overall HSC numbers in bone marrow. Additionally, stem cell factor that is produced by CXC chemokine ligand 12-abundant reticular cells is involved in HSC engraftment. In contrast, host granulocyte/macrophage progenitors (GMPs) were replaced by the progeny of transplanted donor HSCs, and overall GMP numbers remained unchanged. Thus, inconsistent with the classical concept, numerous empty HSC niches are available for engraftment and proliferation in bone marrow.
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35
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Wang W, Foerner E, Buss E, Jauch A, Eckstein V, Wuchter P, Ho AD, Lutz C. Hematopoietic stem cells can be separated from leukemic cells in a subgroup of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 58:1446-1454. [PMID: 27734718 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1236378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) separation of normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) has so far been limited to a subgroup of patients. As aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)-activity is enriched in various stem cells we investigated its value for HSC isolation in adult B-ALL. Based on ALDH-activity patients could be stratified in ALDH-numerous (≥1.9% ALDH+ cells) and ALDH-rare (<1.9% ALDH+ cells) cases. In ALDH-rare B-ALL clonal-marker negative HSC could be separated by the CD34+CD38-ALDH+ phenotype, whereas this separation was not possible in ALDH-numerous B-ALL. Functional analysis confirmed the HSC-potential of isolated cells, which were uniformly CD19-negative. However, addition of ALDH-activity further improved HSC-purity. In summary, we provide a method to separate functionally normal HSC from leukemic cells in a subgroup of B-ALL patients that can be identified prospectively. This protocol thereby facilitates comparative analyses of matched HSC and leukemic cells in order to improve our understanding of leukemia evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wang
- a Department of Medicine V , University of Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 410 , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Elena Foerner
- b Department of Applied Sciences , University of Applied Sciences Coburg , Friedrich-Streib-Straße 2 , Coburg , Germany
| | - Eike Buss
- a Department of Medicine V , University of Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 410 , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Anna Jauch
- c Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 366 D , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Volker Eckstein
- a Department of Medicine V , University of Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 410 , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Patrick Wuchter
- a Department of Medicine V , University of Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 410 , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Anthony D Ho
- a Department of Medicine V , University of Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 410 , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Christoph Lutz
- a Department of Medicine V , University of Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 410 , Heidelberg , Germany
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36
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Palchaudhuri R, Saez B, Hoggatt J, Schajnovitz A, Sykes DB, Tate TA, Czechowicz A, Kfoury Y, Ruchika F, Rossi DJ, Verdine GL, Mansour MK, Scadden DT. Non-genotoxic conditioning for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using a hematopoietic-cell-specific internalizing immunotoxin. Nat Biotechnol 2016; 34:738-45. [PMID: 27272386 PMCID: PMC5179034 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) offers curative therapy for patients with hemoglobinopathies, congenital immunodeficiencies, and other conditions, possibly including AIDS. Autologous HSCT using genetically corrected cells would avoid the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), but the genotoxicity of conditioning remains a substantial barrier to the development of this approach. Here we report an internalizing immunotoxin targeting the hematopoietic-cell-restricted CD45 receptor that effectively conditions immunocompetent mice. A single dose of the immunotoxin, CD45-saporin (SAP), enabled efficient (>90%) engraftment of donor cells and full correction of a sickle-cell anemia model. In contrast to irradiation, CD45-SAP completely avoided neutropenia and anemia, spared bone marrow and thymic niches, enabling rapid recovery of T and B cells, preserved anti-fungal immunity, and had minimal overall toxicity. This non-genotoxic conditioning method may provide an attractive alternative to current conditioning regimens for HSCT in the treatment of non-malignant blood diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Palchaudhuri
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Borja Saez
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan Hoggatt
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amir Schajnovitz
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David B Sykes
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tiffany A Tate
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Agnieszka Czechowicz
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Youmna Kfoury
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fnu Ruchika
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Derrick J Rossi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory L Verdine
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael K Mansour
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David T Scadden
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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37
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Weber TS, Dukes M, Miles DC, Glaser SP, Naik SH, Duffy KR. Site-specific recombinatorics: in situ cellular barcoding with the Cre Lox system. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2016; 10:43. [PMID: 27363727 PMCID: PMC4929723 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-016-0290-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular barcoding is a recently developed biotechnology tool that enables the familial identification of progeny of individual cells in vivo. In immunology, it has been used to track the burst-sizes of multiple distinct responding T cells over several adaptive immune responses. In the study of hematopoiesis, it revealed fate heterogeneity amongst phenotypically identical multipotent cells. Most existing approaches rely on ex vivo viral transduction of cells with barcodes followed by adoptive transfer into an animal, which works well for some systems, but precludes barcoding cells in their native environment such as those inside solid tissues. RESULTS With a view to overcoming this limitation, we propose a new design for a genetic barcoding construct based on the Cre Lox system that induces randomly created stable barcodes in cells in situ by exploiting inherent sequence distance constraints during site-specific recombination. We identify the cassette whose provably maximal code diversity is several orders of magnitude higher than what is attainable with previously considered Cre Lox barcoding approaches, exceeding the number of lymphocytes or hematopoietic progenitor cells in mice. CONCLUSIONS Its high diversity and in situ applicability, make the proposed Cre Lox based tagging system suitable for whole tissue or even whole animal barcoding. Moreover, it can be built using established technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom S Weber
- Hamilton Institute, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | | | - Denise C Miles
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research & The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stefan P Glaser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research & The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shalin H Naik
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research & The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ken R Duffy
- Hamilton Institute, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland.
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38
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Musashi-2 attenuates AHR signalling to expand human haematopoietic stem cells. Nature 2016; 532:508-511. [PMID: 27121842 PMCID: PMC4880456 DOI: 10.1038/nature17665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood (CB)-derived hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are essential in many life saving regenerative therapies, but their low number in CB units has significantly restricted their clinical use despite the advantages they provide during transplantation1. Select small molecules that enhance hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) expansion in culture have been identified2,3, however, in many cases their mechanisms of action or the nature of the pathways they impinge on are poorly understood. A greater understanding of the molecular pathways that underpin the unique human HSC self-renewal program will facilitate the development of targeted strategies that expand these critical cell types for regenerative therapies. Whereas transcription factor networks have been shown to influence the self-renewal and lineage decisions of human HSCs4,5, the post-transcriptional mechanisms guiding HSC fate have not been closely investigated. Here we show that overexpression of the RNA-binding protein (RBP) Musashi-2 (MSI2) induces multiple pro-self-renewal phenotypes, including a 17-fold increase in short-term repopulating cells and a net 23-fold ex vivo expansion of long-term repopulating HSCs. By performing a global analysis of MSI2-RNA interactions, we determined that MSI2 directly attenuates aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling through post-transcriptional downregulation of canonical AHR pathway components in CB HSPCs. Our study provides new mechanistic insight into RBP-controlled RNA networks that underlie the self-renewal process and give evidence that manipulating such networks ex vivo can provide a novel means to enhance the regenerative potential of human HSCs.
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39
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Human neutrophil kinetics: modeling of stable isotope labeling data supports short blood neutrophil half-lives. Blood 2016; 127:3431-8. [PMID: 27136946 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-03-700336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Human neutrophils have traditionally been thought to have a short half-life in blood; estimates vary from 4 to 18 hours. This dogma was recently challenged by stable isotope labeling studies with heavy water, which yielded estimates in excess of 3 days. To investigate this disparity, we generated new stable isotope labeling data in healthy adult subjects using both heavy water (n = 4) and deuterium-labeled glucose (n = 9), a compound with more rapid labeling kinetics. To interpret results, we developed a novel mechanistic model and applied it to previously published (n = 5) and newly generated data. We initially constrained the ratio of the blood neutrophil pool to the marrow precursor pool (ratio = 0.26; from published values). Analysis of heavy water data sets yielded turnover rates consistent with a short blood half-life, but parameters, particularly marrow transit time, were poorly defined. Analysis of glucose-labeling data yielded more precise estimates of half-life (0.79 ± 0.25 days; 19 hours) and marrow transit time (5.80 ± 0.42 days). Substitution of this marrow transit time in the heavy water analysis gave a better-defined blood half-life of 0.77 ± 0.14 days (18.5 hours), close to glucose-derived values. Allowing the ratio of blood neutrophils to mitotic neutrophil precursors (R) to vary yielded a best-fit value of 0.19. Reanalysis of the previously published model and data also revealed the origin of their long estimates for neutrophil half-life: an implicit assumption that R is very large, which is physiologically untenable. We conclude that stable isotope labeling in healthy humans is consistent with a blood neutrophil half-life of less than 1 day.
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40
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Bystrykh LV, Belderbos ME. Clonal Analysis of Cells with Cellular Barcoding: When Numbers and Sizes Matter. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1516:57-89. [PMID: 27044044 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2016_343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cellular barcoding is a recently rediscovered tool to trace the clonal output of individual cells with genetically distinct and heritable DNA sequences. Each year a few dozens of papers are published using the cellular barcoding technique. Those publications largely focus on mutually related issues, namely: counting cells capable of clonal proliferation and expansion, monitoring clonal dynamics in time, tracing the origin of differentiated cells, characterizing the differentiation potential of stem cells and similar topics. Apart from their biological content, claims and conclusions, these studies show remarkable diversity in technical aspects of the barcoding method and sometimes in major conclusions. Although a diversity of approaches is quite usual in data analysis, deviant handling of barcode data might directly affect experimental results and their biological interpretation. Here, we will describe typical challenges and caveats in cellular barcoding publications available so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid V Bystrykh
- Laboratory of Ageing Biology and Stem Cells, European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Building 3226, Groningen, 9713, AV, The Netherlands.
| | - Mirjam E Belderbos
- Laboratory of Ageing Biology and Stem Cells, European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Building 3226, Groningen, 9713, AV, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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41
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Glait-Santar C, Desmond R, Feng X, Bat T, Chen J, Heuston E, Mizukawa B, Mulloy JC, Bodine DM, Larochelle A, Dunbar CE. Functional Niche Competition Between Normal Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells and Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Stem Cells 2015; 33:3635-42. [PMID: 26388434 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) reside in a specialized niche that regulates their proliferative capacity and their fate. There is increasing evidence for similar roles of marrow niches on controlling the behavior of leukemic cells; however, whether normal hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) and leukemic cells reside in or functionally compete for the same marrow niche is unclear. We used the mixed lineage leukemia-AF9 (MLL-AF9) murine acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in a competitive repopulation model to investigate whether normal HSPC and leukemic cells functionally compete for the same marrow niches. Irradiated recipient mice were transplanted with fixed numbers of MLL-AF9 cells mixed with increasing doses of normal syngeneic whole bone marrow (WBM) or with purified HSPC (LSK). Survival was significantly increased and leukemic progression was delayed proportional to increasing doses of normal WBM or normal LSK cells in multiple independent experiments, with all doses of WBM or LSK cells studied above the threshold for rapid and complete hematopoietic reconstitution in the absence of leukemia. Confocal microscopy demonstrated nests of either leukemic cells or normal hematopoietic cells but not both in the marrow adjacent to endosteum. Early following transplantation, leukemic cells from animals receiving lower LSK doses were cycling more actively than in those receiving higher doses. These results suggest that normal HSPC and AML cells compete for the same functional niche. Manipulation of the niche could impact on response to antileukemic therapies, and the numbers of normal HSPC could impact on leukemia outcome, informing approaches to cell dose in the context of stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Glait-Santar
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ronan Desmond
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Haematology, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Xingmin Feng
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Taha Bat
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jichun Chen
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elisabeth Heuston
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Benjamin Mizukawa
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - James C Mulloy
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - David M Bodine
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andre Larochelle
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cynthia E Dunbar
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Belley MD, Ashcraft KA, Lee CT, Cornwall-Brady MR, Chen JJ, Gunasingha R, Burkhart M, Dewhirst M, Yoshizumi TT, Down JD. Microdosimetric and Biological Effects of Photon Irradiation at Different Energies in Bone Marrow. Radiat Res 2015; 184:378-91. [PMID: 26401594 DOI: 10.1667/rr14095.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
To ensure reliability and reproducibility of radiobiological data, it is necessary to standardize dosimetry practices across all research institutions. The photoelectric effect predominates over other interactions at low energy and in high atomic number materials such as bone, which can lead to increased dose deposition in soft tissue adjacent to mineral bone due to secondary radiation particles. This may produce radiation effects that deviate from higher energy photon irradiation that best model exposure from clinical radiotherapy or nuclear incidences. Past theoretical considerations have indicated that this process should affect radiation exposure of neighboring bone marrow (BM) and account for reported differences in relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for hematopoietic failure in rodents. The studies described herein definitively estimate spatial dose distribution and biological effectiveness within the BM compartment for (137)Cs gamma rays and 320 kVp X rays at two levels of filtration: 1 and 4 mm Cu half-value layer (HVL). In these studies, we performed: 1. Monte Carlo simulations on a 5 μm resolution model of mouse vertebrae and femur derived from micro-CT images; 2. In vitro biological experiments irradiating BM cells plated directly on the surface of a bone-equivalent material (BEM); and 3. An in vivo study on BM cell survival in irradiated live mice. Simulation results showed that the relative dose increased in proximity to bone at the lower radiation energies and produced averaged values of relative dose over the entire BM volume within imaged trabecular bone of 1.17, 1.08 and 1.01 for beam qualities of 1 mm Cu HVL, 4 mm Cu HVL and (137)Cs, respectively. In accordance with Monte Carlo simulations, in vitro irradiation of BM cells located on BEM and in vivo whole-body irradiation at a prescribed dose to soft tissue of 6 Gy produced relative cell killing of hematopoietic progenitors (CFU-C) that significantly increased for the 1 mm Cu HVL X rays compared to radiation exposures of higher photon energies. Thus, we propose that X rays of the highest possible kVp and filtration be used to investigate radiation effects on the hematopoietic system, as this will allow for better comparisons with high-energy photon exposures applied in radiotherapy or as anticipated in a nuclear event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Belley
- a Medical Physics Graduate Program, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina;,b Duke Radiation Dosimetry Laboratory and
| | - Kathleen A Ashcraft
- c Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Chen-Ting Lee
- c Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Jane-Jane Chen
- e Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Mark Dewhirst
- c Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Terry T Yoshizumi
- b Duke Radiation Dosimetry Laboratory and.,c Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina;,g Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Julian D Down
- e Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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43
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Domen J, Christensen JL, Gille D, Smith-Berdan S, Fong T, Brown JMY, Sedello AK. Cryopreserved Ex Vivo-Expanded Allogeneic Myeloid Progenitor Cell Product Protects Neutropenic Mice From a Lethal Fungal Infection. Cell Transplant 2015; 25:17-33. [PMID: 25812169 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x687688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe neutropenia induced by chemotherapy or conditioning for hematopoietic cell transplantation often results in morbidity and mortality due to infection by opportunistic pathogens. A system has been developed to generate ex vivo-expanded mouse myeloid progenitor cells (mMPCs) that produce functional neutrophils in vivo upon transplantation in a pathogen challenge model. It has previously been demonstrated that transplantation of large numbers of freshly isolated myeloid progenitors from a single donor provides survival benefit in radiation-induced neutropenic mice. In the present work, an ex vivo-expanded and cryopreserved mMPC product generated from an allogeneic donor pool retains protective activity in vivo in a lethal fungal infection model. Infusion of the allogeneic pooled mMPC product is effective in preventing death from invasive Aspergillus fumigatus in neutropenic animals, and protection is dose dependent. Cell progeny from the mMPC product is detected in the bone marrow, spleen, blood, and liver by flow cytometry 1 week postinfusion but is no longer evident in most animals 4 weeks posttransplant. In this model, the ex vivo-generated pooled allogeneic mMPC product (i) expands and differentiates in vivo; (ii) is functional and prevents death from invasive fungal infection; and (iii) does not permanently engraft or cause allosensitization. These data suggest that an analogous ex vivo-expanded human myeloid progenitor cell product may be an effective off-the-shelf bridging therapy for the infectious complications that develop during hematopoietic recovery following hematopoietic cell transplantation or intensive chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos Domen
- Cellerant Therapeutics, San Carlos, CA, USA
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44
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Evidence that the expression of transferrin receptor 1 on erythroid marrow cells mediates hepcidin suppression in the liver. Exp Hematol 2015; 43:469-78.e6. [PMID: 25782630 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hepcidin is the key regulator of iron absorption and recycling, and its expression is suppressed by red blood cell production. When erythropoiesis is expanded, hepcidin expression decreases. To gain insight into the stage of erythroid differentiation at which the regulation might originate, we measured serum hepcidin levels in archived pure red cell aplasia samples from patients whose block in erythroid differentiation was well defined by hematopoietic colony assays and marrow morphologic review. Hepcidin values are high or high normal in pure red cell aplasia patients in whom erythropoiesis is inhibited prior to the proerythroblast stage, but are suppressed in patients with excess proerythroblasts and few later erythroid cells. These data suggest that the suppressive effect of erythropoietic activity on hepcidin expression can arise from proerythroblasts, the stage at which transferrin receptor 1 expression peaks, prompting the hypothesis that transferrin receptor 1 expression on erythroid precursors is a proximal mediator of the erythroid regulator of hepcidin expression. Our characterization of erythropoiesis, iron status, and hepcidin expression in mice with global or hematopoietic cell-specific haploinsufficiency of transferrin receptor 1 provides initial supporting data for this model. The regulation appears independent of erythroferrone and growth differentiation factor 15, supporting the concept that several mechanisms signal iron need in response to an expanded erythron.
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45
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Weber GF, Chousterman BG, He S, Fenn AM, Nairz M, Anzai A, Brenner T, Uhle F, Iwamoto Y, Robbins CS, Noiret L, Maier SL, Zönnchen T, Rahbari NN, Schölch S, Klotzsche-von Ameln A, Chavakis T, Weitz J, Hofer S, Weigand MA, Nahrendorf M, Weissleder R, Swirski FK. Interleukin-3 amplifies acute inflammation and is a potential therapeutic target in sepsis. Science 2015; 347:1260-5. [PMID: 25766237 PMCID: PMC4376966 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa4268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a frequently fatal condition characterized by an uncontrolled and harmful host reaction to microbial infection. Despite the prevalence and severity of sepsis, we lack a fundamental grasp of its pathophysiology. Here we report that the cytokine interleukin-3 (IL-3) potentiates inflammation in sepsis. Using a mouse model of abdominal sepsis, we showed that innate response activator B cells produce IL-3, which induces myelopoiesis of Ly-6C(high) monocytes and neutrophils and fuels a cytokine storm. IL-3 deficiency protects mice against sepsis. In humans with sepsis, high plasma IL-3 levels are associated with high mortality even after adjusting for prognostic indicators. This study deepens our understanding of immune activation, identifies IL-3 as an orchestrator of emergency myelopoiesis, and reveals a new therapeutic target for treating sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg F Weber
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Benjamin G Chousterman
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shun He
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ashley M Fenn
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manfred Nairz
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Atsushi Anzai
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thorsten Brenner
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Uhle
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yoshiko Iwamoto
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clinton S Robbins
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lorette Noiret
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah L Maier
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tina Zönnchen
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nuh N Rahbari
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schölch
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Klotzsche-von Ameln
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weitz
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Hofer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus A Weigand
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Filip K Swirski
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a critical negative regulator of the phosphoinositide-3 kinase pathway, members of which play integral roles in natural killer (NK) cell development and function. However, the functions of PTEN in NK cell biology remain unknown. Here, we used an NK cell-specific PTEN-deletion mouse model to define the ramifications of intrinsic NK cell PTEN loss in vivo. In these mice, there was a significant defect in NK cell numbers in the bone marrow and peripheral organs despite increased proliferation and intact peripheral NK cell maturation. Unexpectedly, we observed a significant expansion of peripheral blood NK cells and the premature egress of NK cells from the bone marrow. The altered trafficking of NK cells from peripheral organs into the blood was due to selective hyperresponsiveness to the blood localizing chemokine S1P. To address the importance of this trafficking defect to NK cell immune responses, we investigated the ability of PTEN-deficient NK cells to traffic to a site of tumor challenge. PTEN-deficient NK cells were defective at migrating to distal tumor sites but were more effective at clearing tumors actively introduced into the peripheral blood. Collectively, these data identify PTEN as an essential regulator of NK cell localization in vivo during both homeostasis and malignancy.
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47
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Taylor SJ, Thien CBF, Dagger SA, Duyvestyn JM, Grove CS, Lee BH, Gilliland DG, Langdon WY. Loss of c-Cbl E3 ubiquitin ligase activity enhances the development of myeloid leukemia in FLT3-ITD mutant mice. Exp Hematol 2014; 43:191-206.e1. [PMID: 25534201 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) occur frequently in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with the most common involving internal tandem duplication (ITD) within the juxtamembrane domain. Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3-ITD mutations result in a mislocalized and constitutively activated receptor, which aberrantly phosphorylates signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) and upregulates the expression of its target genes. c-Cbl is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that negatively regulates RTKs, including FLT3, but whether it can downregulate mislocalized FLT3-ITD remains to be resolved. To help clarify this, we combined a FLT3-ITD mutation with a loss-of-function mutation in the RING finger domain of c-Cbl that abolishes its E3 ligase activity. Mice transplanted with hematopoietic stem cells expressing both mutations rapidly develop myeloid leukemia, indicating strong cooperation between the two. Although the c-Cbl mutation was shown to cause hyperactivation of another RTK, c-Kit, it had no effect on enhancing FLT3-ITD protein levels or STAT5 activation. This indicates that c-Cbl does not downregulate FLT3-ITD and that the leukemia is driven by independent pathways involving FLT3-ITD's activation of STAT5 and mutant c-Cbl's activation of other RTKs, such as c-Kit. This study highlights the importance of c-Cbl's negative regulation of wild-type RTKs in suppressing FLT3-ITD-driven myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Taylor
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christine B F Thien
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Samantha A Dagger
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Johanna M Duyvestyn
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Carolyn S Grove
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; PathWest Division of Clinical Pathology, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Benjamin H Lee
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - D Gary Gilliland
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wallace Y Langdon
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
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48
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Roth JC, Alberti MO, Ismail M, Lingas KT, Reese JS, Gerson SL. MGMT enrichment and second gene co-expression in hematopoietic progenitor cells using separate or dual-gene lentiviral vectors. Virus Res 2014; 196:170-80. [PMID: 25479595 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The DNA repair gene O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) allows efficient in vivo enrichment of transduced hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Thus, linking this selection strategy to therapeutic gene expression offers the potential to reconstitute diseased hematopoietic tissue with gene-corrected cells. However, different dual-gene expression vector strategies are limited by poor expression of one or both transgenes. To evaluate different co-expression strategies in the context of MGMT-mediated HSC enrichment, we compared selection and expression efficacies in cells cotransduced with separate single-gene MGMT and GFP lentivectors to those obtained with dual-gene vectors employing either encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) internal ribosome entry site (IRES) or foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) 2A elements for co-expression strategies. Each strategy was evaluated in vitro and in vivo using equivalent multiplicities of infection (MOI) to transduce 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or Lin(-)Sca-1(+)c-kit(+) (LSK)-enriched murine bone marrow cells (BMCs). The highest dual-gene expression (MGMT(+)GFP(+)) percentages were obtained with the FMDV-2A dual-gene vector, but half of the resulting gene products existed as fusion proteins. Following selection, dual-gene expression percentages in single-gene vector cotransduced and dual-gene vector transduced populations were similar. Equivalent MGMT expression levels were obtained with each strategy, but GFP expression levels derived from the IRES dual-gene vector were significantly lower. In mice, vector-insertion averages were similar among cells enriched after dual-gene vectors and those cotransduced with single-gene vectors. These data demonstrate the limitations and advantages of each strategy in the context of MGMT-mediated selection, and may provide insights into vector design with respect to a particular therapeutic gene or hematologic defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Roth
- Molecular Virology Training Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Michael O Alberti
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Mourad Ismail
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Karen T Lingas
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Jane S Reese
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Stanton L Gerson
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; The Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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49
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Boyd AL, Campbell CJV, Hopkins CI, Fiebig-Comyn A, Russell J, Ulemek J, Foley R, Leber B, Xenocostas A, Collins TJ, Bhatia M. Niche displacement of human leukemic stem cells uniquely allows their competitive replacement with healthy HSPCs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:1925-35. [PMID: 25180064 PMCID: PMC4172227 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20140131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Spatial localization of primitive leukemic cells is restricted to niches shared with their normal counterparts, and their ability to retain occupancy of these niches is rivaled by normal HSPCs. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation (HSCT) is currently the leading strategy to manage acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, treatment-related morbidity limits the patient generalizability of HSCT use, and the survival of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) within protective areas of the bone marrow (BM) continues to lead to high relapse rates. Despite growing appreciation for the significance of the LSC microenvironment, it has remained unresolved whether LSCs preferentially situate within normal HSC niches or whether their niche requirements are more promiscuous. Here, we provide functional evidence that the spatial localization of phenotypically primitive human AML cells is restricted to niche elements shared with their normal counterparts, and that their intrinsic ability to initiate and retain occupancy of these niches can be rivaled by healthy hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). When challenged in competitive BM repopulation assays, primary human leukemia-initiating cells (L-ICs) can be consistently outperformed by HSPCs for BM niche occupancy in a cell dose-dependent manner that ultimately compromises long-term L-IC renewal and subsequent leukemia-initiating capacity. The effectiveness of this approach could be demonstrated using cytokine-induced mobilization of established leukemia from the BM that facilitated the replacement of BM niches with transplanted HSPCs. These findings identify a functional vulnerability of primitive leukemia cells, and suggest that clinical development of these novel transplantation techniques should focus on the dissociation of L-IC–niche interactions to improve competitive replacement with healthy HSPCs during HSCT toward increased survival of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Boyd
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Clinton J V Campbell
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Claudia I Hopkins
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Aline Fiebig-Comyn
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jennifer Russell
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jelena Ulemek
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Ronan Foley
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Brian Leber
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Anargyros Xenocostas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Tony J Collins
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Mickie Bhatia
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
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50
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Wohrer S, Knapp DJHF, Copley MR, Benz C, Kent DG, Rowe K, Babovic S, Mader H, Oostendorp RAJ, Eaves CJ. Distinct stromal cell factor combinations can separately control hematopoietic stem cell survival, proliferation, and self-renewal. Cell Rep 2014; 7:1956-67. [PMID: 24910437 PMCID: PMC4074342 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are identified by their ability to sustain prolonged blood cell production in vivo, although recent evidence suggests that durable self-renewal (DSR) is shared by HSC subtypes with distinct self-perpetuating differentiation programs. Net expansions of DSR-HSCs occur in vivo, but molecularly defined conditions that support similar responses in vitro are lacking. We hypothesized that this might require a combination of factors that differentially promote HSC viability, proliferation, and self-renewal. We now demonstrate that HSC survival and maintenance of DSR potential are variably supported by different Steel factor (SF)-containing cocktails with similar HSC-mitogenic activities. In addition, stromal cells produce other factors, including nerve growth factor and collagen 1, that can antagonize the apoptosis of initially quiescent adult HSCs and, in combination with SF and interleukin-11, produce >15-fold net expansions of DSR-HSCs ex vivo within 7 days. These findings point to the molecular basis of HSC control and expansion. HSC viability, mitogenesis, and self-renewal are differentially controlled Stromal cells produce nonmitogenic factors that directly sustain HSC viability More adult bone marrow cells can produce HSCs than display HSC activity directly Nerve growth factor and collagen 1 promote serially transplantable HSCs
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wohrer
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; Landesklinikum Wr. Neustadt, Internal Medicine 1, Wr. Neustadt 2700, Austria
| | - David J H F Knapp
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Michael R Copley
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Claudia Benz
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - David G Kent
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Keegan Rowe
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Sonja Babovic
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Heidi Mader
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Robert A J Oostendorp
- 3(rd) Department of Internal Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Connie J Eaves
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.
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