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The Downregulation of Both Giant HERCs, HERC1 and HERC2, Is an Unambiguous Feature of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, and HERC1 Levels Are Associated with Leukemic Cell Differentiation. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11020324. [PMID: 35054018 PMCID: PMC8778248 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Large HERC E3 ubiquitin ligase family members, HERC1 and HERC2, are staggeringly complex proteins that can intervene in a wide range of biological processes, such as cell proliferation, DNA repair, neurodevelopment, and inflammation. Therefore, mutations or dysregulation of large HERCs is associated with neurological disorders, DNA repair defects, and cancer. Though their role in solid tumors started to be investigated some years ago, our knowledge about HERCs in non-solid neoplasm is greatly lagging behind. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a model onco-hematological disorder because of its unique and unambiguous relation between genotype and phenotype due to a single genetic alteration. In the present study, we ascertained that the presence of the BCR-ABL fusion gene was inversely associated with the expression of the HERC1 and HERC2 genes. Upon the achievement of remission, both HERC1 and HERC2 mRNAs raised again to levels comparable to those of the healthy donors. Additionally, our survey unveiled that their gene expression is sensitive to different Tyrosine Kinases Inhibitors (TKIs) in a time-dependent fashion. Interestingly, for the first time, we also observed a differential HERC1 expression when the leukemic cell lines were induced to differentiate towards different lineages revealing that HERC1 protein expression is associated with the differentiation process in a lineage-specific manner. Taken together, our findings suggest that HERC1 might act as a novel potential player in blood cell differentiation. Overall, we believe that our results are beneficial to initiate exploring the role/s of large HERCs in non-solid neoplasms.
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2
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Temps C, Lietha D, Webb ER, Li XF, Dawson JC, Muir M, Macleod KG, Valero T, Munro AF, Contreras-Montoya R, Luque-Ortega JR, Fraser C, Beetham H, Schoenherr C, Lopalco M, Arends MJ, Frame MC, Qian BZ, Brunton VG, Carragher NO, Unciti-Broceta A. A Conformation Selective Mode of Inhibiting SRC Improves Drug Efficacy and Tolerability. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5438-5450. [PMID: 34417202 PMCID: PMC7611940 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the approval of several multikinase inhibitors that target SRC and the overwhelming evidence of the role of SRC in the progression and resistance mechanisms of many solid malignancies, inhibition of its kinase activity has thus far failed to improve patient outcomes. Here we report the small molecule eCF506 locks SRC in its native inactive conformation, thereby inhibiting both enzymatic and scaffolding functions that prevent phosphorylation and complex formation with its partner FAK. This mechanism of action resulted in highly potent and selective pathway inhibition in culture and in vivo. Treatment with eCF506 resulted in increased antitumor efficacy and tolerability in syngeneic murine cancer models, demonstrating significant therapeutic advantages over existing SRC/ABL inhibitors. Therefore, this mode of inhibiting SRC could lead to improved treatment of SRC-associated disorders. SIGNIFICANCE: Small molecule-mediated inhibition of SRC impairing both catalytic and scaffolding functions confers increased anticancer properties and tolerability compared with other SRC/ABL inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Temps
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Lietha
- Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research (CIB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emily R Webb
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Xue-Feng Li
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - John C Dawson
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Morwenna Muir
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth G Macleod
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Valero
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alison F Munro
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael Contreras-Montoya
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Juan R Luque-Ortega
- Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research (CIB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Craig Fraser
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Henry Beetham
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Schoenherr
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Lopalco
- Edinburgh Innovations Ltd., Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J Arends
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret C Frame
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bin-Zhi Qian
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie G Brunton
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Neil O Carragher
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Asier Unciti-Broceta
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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3
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Russo A, Perri M, Cione E, Di Gioia ML, Nardi M, Cristina Caroleo M. Biochemical and chemical characterization of Cynara cardunculus L. extract and its potential use as co-adjuvant therapy of chronic myeloid leukemia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 202:184-191. [PMID: 28323047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ancient mediterranean diet was characterized by consuming the spontaneous forms of Cynara cardunculus L. (CCL), commonly called artichoke. Cultivated and/or spontaneous forms of CC studies have demonstrated that methanol extract of CCL flower and/or cynaropicrin showed remarkable anti-proliferative activity in vitro models of leukocyte cancer cell. AIM OF THE STUDY Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is associated with a reciprocal translocation of the long arms of chromosomes 9 and 22 generating the BCR/ABL fusion gene, translated in the p210BCR/ABL oncoprotein kinase. This chimeric protein is the target of a kinase inhibitor, imatinib, but the development of mutations in the ABL kinase domain resulting in drug resistance and several approaches to overcoming resistance have been study. In this concern, we investigated the effect of CCL extract on human K562 CML and K562 imatinib resistant (IMAR) cell proliferation and on p210BCR/ABL expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemical characterization of the CCL extracts was performed by GC/MS analysis and semipreparative RP-HPLC chromatography. Structural characterization of compounds was assessed by 1H-13C NMR and LC/MS analysis. The effects of CCL extracts on the proliferation of K562 CML human cell line and K562 IMAR were screened by MTT assay. The p210BCR/ABL mRNA and protein expressions were analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blot techniques respectively. RESULTS We demonstrate that CCL extract affect cell viability of both K562 CML human cell line and K562 IMAR. The biocomponents of CCL were chemical characterized and we identify cynaropicrin and its deacyl derivative having the capability to down-regulate the p210BCR/ABL oncoprotein. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that the use of those molecules could represent a novel and promising strategy to potentiate the ability of imatinib or of its analogues to induce cancer growth arrest in CML and to delay or overcome the resistance of CML to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Russo
- Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Savinio, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Mariarita Perri
- Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Savinio, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Erika Cione
- Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Savinio, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Di Gioia
- Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Savinio, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Monica Nardi
- Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Savinio, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Caroleo
- Department of Pharmacy Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Savinio, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy.
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4
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El-Moghazy SM, George RF, Osman EEA, Elbatrawy AA, Kissova M, Colombo A, Crespan E, Maga G. Novel pyrazolo[3,4- d ]pyrimidines as dual Src-Abl inhibitors active against mutant form of Abl and the leukemia K-562 cell line. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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5
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Gaboriaud-Kolar N, Myrianthopoulos V, Vougogiannopoulou K, Gerolymatos P, Horne DA, Jove R, Mikros E, Nam S, Skaltsounis AL. Natural-Based Indirubins Display Potent Cytotoxicity toward Wild-Type and T315I-Resistant Leukemia Cell Lines. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:2464-2471. [PMID: 27726390 PMCID: PMC9132125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) requires the development of new CML chemotherapeutic drugs. Indirubin, a well-known mutikinase inhibitor, is the major active component of "Danggui Longhui Wan", a Chinese traditional medicine used for the treatment of CML symptoms. An in-house collection of indirubin derivatives was screened at 1 μM on wild-type and imatinib-resistant T315I mutant CML cells. Herein are reported that only 15 analogues of the natural 6-bromoindirubin displayed potent cytotoxicity in the submicromolar range. Kinase assays in vitro show that eight out of the 15 active molecules strongly inhibited both c-Src and Abl oncogenic kinases in the nanomolar range. Most importantly, these eight molecules blocked the activity of T315I mutant Abl kinase at the submicromolar level and with analogue 22 exhibiting inhibitory activity at the low nanomolar range. Docking calculations suggested that active indirubins might inhibit T315I Abl kinase through an unprecedented binding to both active and Src-like inactive conformations. Analogue 22 is the first derivative of a natural product identified as an inhibitor of wild-type and imatinib-resistant T315I mutant Abl kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Gaboriaud-Kolar
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, GR-15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasillios Myrianthopoulos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, GR-15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Vougogiannopoulou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, GR-15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Gerolymatos
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, GR-15771 Athens, Greece
| | - David A. Horne
- Molecular Medicine; Beckman Research Institute; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, United States
| | - Richard Jove
- Cell Therapy Institute, 3301 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, Nova Southeastern University, Florida 33314, USA
| | - Emmanuel Mikros
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, GR-15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Sangkil Nam
- Molecular Medicine; Beckman Research Institute; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, United States
| | - Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, GR-15771 Athens, Greece
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6
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Liang X, Liu X, Wang B, Zou F, Wang A, Qi S, Chen C, Zhao Z, Wang W, Qi Z, Lv F, Hu Z, Wang L, Zhang S, Liu Q, Liu J. Discovery of 2-((3-Amino-4-methylphenyl)amino)-N-(2-methyl-5-(3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamido)phenyl)-4-(methylamino)pyrimidine-5-carboxamide (CHMFL-ABL-053) as a Potent, Selective, and Orally Available BCR-ABL/SRC/p38 Kinase Inhibitor for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. J Med Chem 2016; 59:1984-2004. [PMID: 26789553 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Starting from a dihydropyrimidopyrimidine core scaffold based compound 27 (GNF-7), we discovered a highly potent (ABL1: IC50 of 70 nM) and selective (S score (1) = 0.02) BCR-ABL inhibitor 18a (CHMFL-ABL-053). Compound 18a did not exhibit apparent inhibitory activity against c-KIT kinase, which is the common target of currently clinically used BCR-ABL inhibitors. Through significant suppression of the BCR-ABL autophosphorylation (EC50 about 100 nM) and downstream mediators such as STAT5, Crkl, and ERK's phosphorylation, 18a inhibited the proliferation of CML cell lines K562 (GI50 = 14 nM), KU812 (GI50 = 25 nM), and MEG-01 (GI50 = 16 nM). A pharmacokinetic study revealed that 18a had over 4 h of half-life and 24% bioavailability in rats. A 50 mg/kg/day dosage treatment could almost completely suppress tumor progression in the K562 cells inoculated xenograft mouse model. As a potential useful drug candidate for CML, 18a is under extensive preclinical safety evaluation now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Liang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory , 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochuan Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230036, P. R. China
| | - Beilei Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory , 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| | - Fengming Zou
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory , 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| | - Aoli Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, P. R. China , Anhui Hefei 230036, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Qi
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory , 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Chen
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory , 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory , 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| | - Wenchao Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory , 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| | - Ziping Qi
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory , 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| | - Fengchao Lv
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, P. R. China , Anhui Hefei 230036, P. R. China
| | - Zhenquan Hu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory , 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory , 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| | - Shanchun Zhang
- CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory , 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,Hefei Cosource Medicine Technology Co. LTD. , 358 Ganquan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory , 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, P. R. China , Anhui Hefei 230036, P. R. China.,Hefei Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Mailbox 1110, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China.,CHMFL-HCMTC Target Therapy Joint Laboratory , 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
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7
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Identification of Dual Natural Inhibitors for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia by Virtual Screening, Molecular Dynamics Simulation and ADMET Analysis. Interdiscip Sci 2015; 8:241-52. [PMID: 26297311 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-015-0118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a disease of bone marrow stem cells caused by excessive growth and accumulation of granulocytes in the blood. Aberrant expression of the BCR-ABL proteins in bone marrow stem cells have found out in 95 % cases of CML. Tyrosine Kinase domains (SH2 and SH3) of BCR-ABL proteins are the potent targets to inhibit the process. Initially, imatinib is preferred as an efficient inhibitor to control functional activity of disease. Recently, it has been reported that the advanced stage of CML developed resistance against imatinib. In continuation, dasatinib is the first drug to combat against this disease by targeting multiple receptors and proven better as compared to imatinib. Here, an attempt has been made to identify similar analogs of dasatinib. Virtual screening was performed against various natural compound databases to get some potent natural compounds which are able to inhibit more than one receptor. Binding affinity of screened natural compounds was compared with some of the well-known inhibitors like imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib etc., by analyzing their docking score and binding efficiency with the receptor. Stability of the best ligand-receptor complex was checked by performing 10 ns molecular dynamics simulation. ADMET properties of the obtained screened compounds were analyzed to check drug like property. Based on the aforementioned analysis, it has been suggested that these screened potent compounds are capable to inhibit multiple receptor proteins like ABL and SRC and consequently combat against the deadly disease CML.
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8
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Obr A, Röselová P, Grebeňová D, Kuželová K. Real-time analysis of imatinib- and dasatinib-induced effects on chronic myelogenous leukemia cell interaction with fibronectin. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107367. [PMID: 25198091 PMCID: PMC4157868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Attachment of stem leukemic cells to the bone marrow extracellular matrix increases their resistance to chemotherapy and contributes to the disease persistence. In chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), the activity of the fusion BCR-ABL kinase affects adhesion signaling. Using real-time monitoring of microimpedance, we studied in detail the kinetics of interaction of human CML cells (JURL-MK1, MOLM-7) and of control BCR-ABL-negative leukemia cells (HEL, JURKAT) with fibronectin-coated surface. The effect of two clinically used kinase inhibitors, imatinib (a relatively specific c-ABL inhibitor) and dasatinib (dual ABL/SRC family kinase inhibitor), on cell binding to fibronectin is described. Both imatinib and low-dose (several nM) dasatinib reinforced CML cell interaction with fibronectin while no significant change was induced in BCR-ABL-negative cells. On the other hand, clinically relevant doses of dasatinib (100 nM) had almost no effect in CML cells. The efficiency of the inhibitors in blocking the activity of BCR-ABL and SRC-family kinases was assessed from the extent of phosphorylation at autophosphorylation sites. In both CML cell lines, SRC kinases were found to be transactivated by BCR-ABL. In the intracellular context, EC50 for BCR-ABL inhibition was in subnanomolar range for dasatinib and in submicromolar one for imatinib. EC50 for direct inhibition of LYN kinase was found to be about 20 nM for dasatinib and more than 10 µM for imatinib. Cells pretreated with 100 nM dasatinib were still able to bind to fibronectin and SRC kinases are thus not necessary for the formation of cell-matrix contacts. However, a minimal activity of SRC kinases might be required to mediate the increase in cell adhesivity induced by BCR-ABL inhibition. Indeed, active (autophosphorylated) LYN was found to localize in cell adhesive structures which were visualized using interference reflection microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Obr
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Röselová
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Grebeňová
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Kuželová
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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9
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Radi M, Tintori C, Musumeci F, Brullo C, Zamperini C, Dreassi E, Fallacara AL, Vignaroli G, Crespan E, Zanoli S, Laurenzana I, Filippi I, Maga G, Schenone S, Angelucci A, Botta M. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines Active in Vivo on the Bcr-Abl T315I Mutant. J Med Chem 2013; 56:5382-94. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400233w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Radi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie,
Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale delle
Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Cristina Tintori
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie,
Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Musumeci
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto
XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Brullo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto
XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Claudio Zamperini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie,
Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie,
Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Lucia Fallacara
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie,
Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie
del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Giulia Vignaroli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie,
Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Emmanuele Crespan
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia,
Italy
| | - Samantha Zanoli
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia,
Italy
| | - Ilaria Laurenzana
- Laboratory of Preclinical
and Translational
Research, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Irene Filippi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare
e dello Sviluppo, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maga
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia,
Italy
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto
XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Adriano Angelucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche
Applicate e Biotecnologiche, Università dell’Aquila Via Vetoio, 67100 Coppito, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie,
Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer
Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College
of Science and Technology, Temple University, BioLife Science Building, Suite 333, 1900 North 12th Street, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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10
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Laurini E, Posocco P, Fermeglia M, Gibbons DL, Quintás-Cardama A, Pricl S. Through the open door: Preferential binding of dasatinib to the active form of BCR-ABL unveiled by in silico experiments. Mol Oncol 2013; 7:968-75. [PMID: 23816609 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dasatinib is a second-generation BCR-ABL inhibitor approved for the treatment of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, both in the frontline and in the imatinib-resistant/intolerant settings. The high affinity of dasatinib for the protein is currently assumed to result from its ability to bind both the active and inactive conformations of the BCR-ABL kinase. In the present work, using state of the art molecular simulation techniques we prove that dasatinib exhibits a highly selective preference for the active (open) BCR-ABL conformation. By using three different BCR-ABL conformations (active, inactive, and intermediate inactive) we show that, from a thermodynamic standpoint, the affinity of dasatinib for BCR-ABL drastically decreases in the order: active > alternative inactive > inactive, as a result of differential contributions from the single residues lining the kinase binding pocket and the concomitant stabilization/destabilization of the kinase hydrophobic spine. Molecule-pulling experiments also corroborate this trend as significantly lower forces and smaller times are required to extract dasatinib from its inactive BCR-ABL complexes with respect to the active complex counterparts. Importantly, our results support recent NMR solution results demonstrating no evidence of dasatinib bound to the inactive form of BCR-ABL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Laurini
- Molecular Simulations Engineering (MOSE) Laboratory - DEA, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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11
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Lambert GK, Duhme-Klair AK, Morgan T, Ramjee MK. The background, discovery and clinical development of BCR-ABL inhibitors. Drug Discov Today 2013; 18:992-1000. [PMID: 23769978 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The story of the inhibition of BCR-ABL as a treatment for chronic myelogenous leukaemia serves to illustrate key aspects of the kinase drug discovery and development process. Firstly, elucidation of the disease mechanism enabled identification of the molecular target(s) which catalysed pharmaceutical research and resulted in Gleevec(®) (Novartis) as the first FDA approved BCR-ABL inhibitor. However, clinical success was soon tempered by the emergence of drug resistance through various mechanisms. Using rational drug design, several hypotheses were devised to overcome resistance issues leading to the development of second generation inhibitors, providing clinicians and patients with greater therapeutic choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma K Lambert
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom; Cyclofluidic Limited, BioPark, Welwyn Garden City AL7 3AX, United Kingdom
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12
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Radi M, Dreassi E, Brullo C, Crespan E, Tintori C, Bernardo V, Valoti M, Zamperini C, Daigl H, Musumeci F, Carraro F, Naldini A, Filippi I, Maga G, Schenone S, Botta M. Design, Synthesis, Biological Activity, and ADME Properties of Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines Active in Hypoxic Human Leukemia Cells: A Lead Optimization Study. J Med Chem 2011; 54:2610-26. [DOI: 10.1021/jm1012819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Radi
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, University of Siena,Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, University of Siena,Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Brullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, I-16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Emmanuele Crespan
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Tintori
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, University of Siena,Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bernardo
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, University of Siena,Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Massimo Valoti
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, University of Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Claudio Zamperini
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, University of Siena,Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Henry Daigl
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, University of Siena,Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Musumeci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, I-16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio Carraro
- Dipartimento di Fisiologia, Sezione di Neuroimmunofisiologia, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Antonella Naldini
- Dipartimento di Fisiologia, Sezione di Neuroimmunofisiologia, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Irene Filippi
- Dipartimento di Fisiologia, Sezione di Neuroimmunofisiologia, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maga
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, I-16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, University of Siena,Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, BioLife Science Building, Suite 333, 1900 N 12th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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13
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Verones V, Flouquet N, Farce A, Carato P, Leonce S, Pfeiffer B, Berthelot P, Lebegue N. Synthesis, biological evaluation and docking studies of 4-amino-tetrahydroquinazolino[3,2-e]purine derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:5678-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Kruewel T, Schenone S, Radi M, Maga G, Rohrbeck A, Botta M, Borlak J. Molecular characterization of c-Abl/c-Src kinase inhibitors targeted against murine tumour progenitor cells that express stem cell markers. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14143. [PMID: 21152443 PMCID: PMC2994747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The non-receptor tyrosine kinases c-Abl and c-Src are overexpressed in various solid human tumours. Inhibition of their hyperactivity represents a molecular rationale in the combat of cancerous diseases. Here we examined the effects of a new family of pyrazolo [3,4-d] pyrimidines on a panel of 11 different murine lung tumour progenitor cell lines, that express stem cell markers, as well as on the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549, the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 and the human colon cancer cell line CaCo2 to obtain insight into the mode of action of these experimental drugs. Methodology/Principal Findings Treatment with the dual kinase inhibitors blocked c-Abl and c-Src kinase activity efficiently in the nanomolar range, induced apoptosis, reduced cell viability and caused cell cycle arrest predominantly at G0/G1 phase while western blot analysis confirmed repressed protein expression of c-Abl and c-Src as well as the interacting partners p38 mitogen activated protein kinase, heterogenous ribonucleoprotein K, cyclin dependent kinase 1 and further proteins that are crucial for tumour progression. Importantly, a significant repression of the epidermal growth factor receptor was observed while whole genome gene expression analysis evidenced regulation of many cell cycle regulated genes as well integrin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signalling to impact cytoskeleton dynamics, migration, invasion and metastasis. Conclusions/Significance Our experiments and recently published in vivo engraftment studies with various tumour cell lines revealed the dual kinase inhibitors to be efficient in their antitumour activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kruewel
- Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Radi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maga
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IMG-CNR, Pavia, Italy
| | - Astrid Rohrbeck
- Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Juergen Borlak
- Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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15
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Hill ZB, Perera BGK, Maly DJ. Bivalent inhibitors of the tyrosine kinases ABL and SRC: determinants of potency and selectivity. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2010; 7:447-56. [PMID: 21060940 DOI: 10.1039/c0mb00108b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported a chemical genetic method for generating bivalent inhibitors of protein kinases. This method relies on the use of the DNA repair enzyme O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) to display an ATP-competitive inhibitor and a ligand that targets a secondary binding domain. With this method potent and selective inhibitors of the tyrosine kinases SRC and ABL were identified. Here, we dissect the molecular determinants of the potency and selectivity of these bivalent ligands. Systematic analysis of ATP-competitive inhibitors with varying linker lengths revealed that SRC and ABL have differential sensitivities to ligand presentation. Generation of bivalent constructs that contain ligands with differential affinities for the ATP-binding sites and SH3 domains of SRC and ABL demonstrated the modular nature of inhibitors based on the AGT scaffold. Furthermore, these studies revealed that the interaction between the SH3 domain ligand and the kinase SH3 domain is the major selectivity determinant amongst closely-related tyrosine kinases. Finally, the potency of bivalent inhibitors against distinct phospho-isoforms of SRC was determined. Overall, these results provide insight into how individual ligands can be modified to provide more potent and selective bivalent inhibitors of protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary B Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, USA
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16
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Chen L, Petrelli R, Gao G, Wilson DJ, McLean GT, Jayaram HN, Sham YY, Pankiewicz KW. Dual inhibitors of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase and histone deacetylase based on a cinnamic hydroxamic acid core structure. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:5950-64. [PMID: 20650640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Revised: 06/19/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Small molecules that act on multiple biological targets have been proposed to combat the drug resistance commonly observed for cancer chemotherapy. By combining the structural features of known inhibitors of inosine monophosphate dehydrogense (IMPDH) and histone deacetylase (HDAC), dual inhibitors of IMPDH and HDAC based on the scaffold of cinnamic hydroxamic acid (CHA) have been designed, synthesized, and evaluated in biological assays. Key features, including the linker length, linker functionality, substitution position, and interacting groups, have been explored. Their individual contribution to the inhibitory activities against human IMPDH1 and IMPDH2 as well as HDAC has been assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Chen
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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17
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Morphy R. Selectively nonselective kinase inhibition: striking the right balance. J Med Chem 2010; 53:1413-37. [PMID: 20166671 DOI: 10.1021/jm901132v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Morphy
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Schering-Plough, Newhouse, Lanarkshire, ML1 5SH, UK.
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18
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Milojkovic D, Nicholson E, Apperley JF, Holyoake TL, Shepherd P, Drummond MW, Szydlo R, Bua M, Foroni L, Reid A, Khorashad JS, de Lavallade H, Rezvani K, Paliompeis C, Goldman JM, Marin D. Early prediction of success or failure of treatment with second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2009; 95:224-31. [PMID: 19833633 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2009.012781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors induce cytogenetic responses in approximately 50% of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase in whom imatinib treatment has failed. However, it has not yet been established which of the patients in whom imatinib treatment fails are likely to benefit from therapy with second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors. DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed a cohort of 80 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia who were resistant to imatinib and who were treated with dasatinib or nilotinib while still in first chronic phase. We devised a scoring system to predict the probability of these patients achieving complete cytogenetic response when treated with second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors. RESULTS The system was based on three factors: cytogenetic response to imatinib, Sokal score and recurrent neutropenia during imatinib treatment. We validated the score in an independent group of 28 Scottish patients. We also studied the relationship between cytogenetic responses at 3, 6 and 12 months and subsequent outcome. We classified the 80 patients into three categories, those with good risk (n=24), intermediate risk (n=27) and poor risk (n=29) with 2.5-year cumulative incidences of complete cytogenetic response of 100%, 52.2% and 13.8%, respectively (P<0.0001). Moreover, patients who had less than 95% Philadelphia chromosome-positive metaphases at 3 months, those with 35% or less Philadelphia chromosome-positive metaphases at 6 months and patients in complete cytogenetic response at 12 months all had significantly better outcomes than patients with lesser degrees of cytogenetic response. CONCLUSIONS Factors measurable before starting treatment can accurately predict response to second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Cytogenetic responses at 3, 6 and 12 months may influence the decision to continue treatment with second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Milojkovic
- Department of Haematology, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.
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19
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Martinelli G, Iacobucci I, Storlazzi CT, Vignetti M, Paoloni F, Cilloni D, Soverini S, Vitale A, Chiaretti S, Cimino G, Papayannidis C, Paolini S, Elia L, Fazi P, Meloni G, Amadori S, Saglio G, Pane F, Baccarani M, Foà R. IKZF1 (Ikaros) deletions in BCR-ABL1-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia are associated with short disease-free survival and high rate of cumulative incidence of relapse: a GIMEMA AL WP report. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27:5202-7. [PMID: 19770381 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.21.6408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The causes of the aggressive nature of BCR-ABL1-positive adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are unknown. To identify, at the submicroscopic level, oncogenic lesions that cooperate with BCR-ABL1 to induce ALL, we performed an investigation of genomic copy number alterations using single nucleotide polymorphism array, genomic polymerase chain reaction, and sequencing of candidate genes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eighty-three patients with de novo adult Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) -positive ALL were enrolled onto institutional (n = 17) or Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche Maligne dell'Adulto Working Party delle Leucemia Acute (n = 66) clinical trials. Treatments included tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) alone, conventional chemotherapy, or a combination of TKI and chemotherapy. RESULTS A 7p12 deletion of IKZF1 (Ikaros) was identified in 52 (63%) of 83 patients. The pattern of deletion varied among different patients, but the two most common deletion types were loss of exons 4 to 7 in 31 (37%) of 83 patients and loss of exons 2 to 7 in 17 (20%) of 83 patients. Disease-free survival (DFS) was shorter in patients with IKZF1 deletion versus patients with IKZF1 wild type (10 v 32 months, respectively; P = .02). Furthermore, a significantly shorter cumulative incidence of relapse was recorded in patients with IKZF1 deletion versus patients with IKZF1 wild type (10.1 v 56.1 months, respectively; P = .001). Multivariate analysis confirmed the negative prognostic impact of IKZF1 deletion on DFS (P = .04). CONCLUSION We conclude that IKZF1 deletions are likely to be a genomic alteration that significantly affects the prognosis of Ph-positive ALL in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Martinelli
- Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Hematology and Oncology L. and A. Seràgnoli, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti, 9-40138 Bologna, Italy.
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20
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Huang WS, Zhu X, Wang Y, Azam M, Wen D, Sundaramoorthi R, Thomas RM, Liu S, Banda G, Lentini SP, Das S, Xu Q, Keats J, Wang F, Wardwell S, Ning Y, Snodgrass JT, Broudy MI, Russian K, Daley GQ, Iuliucci J, Dalgarno DC, Clackson T, Sawyer TK, Shakespeare WC. 9-(Arenethenyl)purines as dual Src/Abl kinase inhibitors targeting the inactive conformation: design, synthesis, and biological evaluation. J Med Chem 2009; 52:4743-56. [PMID: 19572547 DOI: 10.1021/jm900166t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of potent dual Src/Abl kinase inhibitors based on a 9-(arenethenyl)purine core has been identified. Unlike traditional dual Src/Abl inhibitors targeting the active enzyme conformation, these inhibitors bind to the inactive, DFG-out conformation of both kinases. Extensive SAR studies led to the discovery of potent and orally bioavailable inhibitors, some of which demonstrated in vivo efficacy. Once-daily oral administration of inhibitor 9i (AP24226) significantly prolonged the survival of mice injected intravenously with wild type Bcr-Abl expressing Ba/F3 cells at a dose of 10 mg/kg. In a separate model, oral administration of 9i to mice bearing subcutaneous xenografts of Src Y527F expressing NIH 3T3 cells elicited dose-dependent tumor shrinkage with complete tumor regression observed at the highest dose. Notably, several inhibitors (e.g., 14a, AP24163) exhibited modest cellular potency (IC50 = 300-400 nM) against the Bcr-Abl mutant T315I, a variant resistant to all currently marketed therapies for chronic myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Sheng Huang
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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21
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Aceves-Luquero CI, Agarwal A, Callejas-Valera JL, Arias-González L, Esparís-Ogando A, del Peso Ovalle L, Bellón-Echeverria I, de la Cruz-Morcillo MA, Galán Moya EM, Gimeno IM, Gómez JC, Deininger MW, Pandiella A, Prieto RS. ERK2, but not ERK1, mediates acquired and "de novo" resistance to imatinib mesylate: implication for CML therapy. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6124. [PMID: 19568437 PMCID: PMC2699476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 05/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to Imatinib Mesylate (IM) is a major problem in Chronic Myelogenous Leukaemia management. Most of the studies about resistance have focused on point mutations on BCR/ABL. However, other types of resistance that do not imply mutations in BCR/ABL have been also described. In the present report we aim to study the role of several MAPK in IM resistance not associate to BCR/ABL mutations. Therefore we used an experimental system of resistant cell lines generated by co-culturing with IM (K562, Lama 84) as well as primary material from resistant and responder patient without BCR/ABL mutations. Here we demonstrate that Erk5 and p38MAPK signaling pathways are not implicated in the acquired resistance phenotype. However, Erk2, but not Erk1, is critical for the acquired resistance to IM. In fact, Bcr/Abl activates preferentially Erk2 in transient transfection in a dose dependent fashion through the c-Abl part of the chimeric protein. Finally, we present evidences demonstrating how constitutive activation of Erk2 is a de novo mechanism of resistance to IM. In summary our data support the use of therapeutic approaches based on Erk2 inhibition, which could be added to the therapeutic armamentarium to fight CML, especially when IM resistance develops secondary to Erk2 activation.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Benzamides
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Enzyme Activation
- Genes, abl
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Immunohistochemistry
- Immunoprecipitation
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/enzymology
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Point Mutation
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anupriya Agarwal
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Luis del Peso Ovalle
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael W. Deininger
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-USAL, Salamanca, Spain
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22
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Yamada O, Kawauchi K, Akiyama M, Ozaki K, Motoji T, Adachi T, Aikawa E. Leukemic cells with increased telomerase activity exhibit resistance to imatinib. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 49:1168-77. [DOI: 10.1080/10428190802043861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bixby DL, Talpaz M. Efficacy of various doses and schedules of second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 8 Suppl 3:S95-S106. [PMID: 19254887 DOI: 10.3816/clm.2008.s.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib is one of the most potent cancer therapeutic agents identified to date. Before the introduction of this tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), 5-year survival in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) was approximately 40%-60%, but since the introduction of imatinib, overall survival has increased to approximately 90% for patients with chronic-phase disease. However, nearly one fifth of patients are intolerant or resistant to imatinib, resulting in patients with persistent or progressive disease. Recent research has identified a number of additional compounds that more efficiently inhibit the Abl tyrosine kinase and additional kinases that potentially play a role in imatinib resistance. The advent of dasatinib and nilotinib has provided additional options for patients with progressive disease. A number of phase II clinical trials have recently demonstrated that these second-generation TKIs are well tolerated and effective in patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) leukemias. Recent clinical trial developments raise questions regarding the proper dosage and schedule of these newer agents as well as the timing of their use in the treatment of patients with CML. Additionally, the development of nonoverlapping resistance patterns with sequential drug exposure argues for the possibility of a drug selection scheme that might limit the development of resistant disease. As the era of personalized medicine has begun to take shape in the 21st century, the addition of newer TKIs might facilitate this trend in the treatment of Ph+ leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale L Bixby
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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24
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Comparison of imatinib 400 mg and 800 mg daily in the front-line treatment of high-risk, Philadelphia-positive chronic myeloid leukemia: a European LeukemiaNet Study. Blood 2009; 113:4497-504. [PMID: 19264678 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-12-191254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Imatinib mesylate (IM), 400 mg daily, is the standard treatment of Philadelphia-positive (Ph(+)) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Preclinical data and results of single-arm studies raised the suggestion that better results could be achieved with a higher dose. To investigate whether the systematic use of a higher dose of IM could lead to better results, 216 patients with Ph(+) CML at high risk (HR) according to the Sokal index were randomly assigned to receive IM 800 mg or 400 mg daily, as front-line therapy, for at least 1 year. The CCgR rate at 1 year was 64% and 58% for the high-dose arm and for the standard-dose arm, respectively (P = .435). No differences were detectable in the CgR at 3 and 6 months, in the molecular response rate at any time, as well as in the rate of other events. Twenty-four (94%) of 25 patients who could tolerate the full 800-mg dose achieved a CCgR, and only 4 (23%) of 17 patients who could tolerate less than 350 mg achieved a CCgR. This study does not support the extensive use of high-dose IM (800 mg daily) front-line in all CML HR patients. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00514488.
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25
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Enhanced Replacement Method-based Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Modeling and Support Vector Machine Classification of 4-Anilino-3-quinolinecarbonitriles as Src Kinase Inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/qsar.200860107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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26
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Gwanmesia PM, Romanski A, Schwarz K, Bacic B, Ruthardt M, Ottmann OG. The effect of the dual Src/Abl kinase inhibitor AZD0530 on Philadelphia positive leukaemia cell lines. BMC Cancer 2009; 9:53. [PMID: 19216789 PMCID: PMC2654659 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Imatinib mesylate, a selective inhibitor of Abl tyrosine kinase, is efficacious in treating chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) and Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). However, most advanced-phase CML and Ph+ ALL patients relapse on Imatinib therapy. Several mechanisms of refractoriness have been reported, including the activation of the Src-family kinases (SFK). Here, we investigated the biological effect of the new specific dual Src/Abl kinase inhibitor AZD0530 on Ph+ leukaemic cells. Methods Cell lines used included BV173 (CML in myeloid blast crisis), SEM t(4;11), Ba/F3 (IL-3 dependent murine pro B), p185Bcr-Abl infected Ba/F3 cells, p185Bcr-Abl mutant infected Ba/F3 cells, SupB15 (Ph+ ALL) and Imatinib resistant SupB15 (RTSupB15) (Ph+ ALL) cells. Cells were exposed to AZD0530 and Imatinib. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, survival and signalling pathways were assessed by dye exclusion, flow cytometry and Western blotting respectively. Results AZD0530 specifically inhibited the growth of, and induced apoptosis in CML and Ph+ ALL cells in a dose dependent manner, but showed only marginal effects on Ph- ALL cells. Resistance to Imatinib due to the mutation Y253F in p185Bcr-Abl was overcome by AZD0530. Combination of AZD0530 and Imatinib showed an additive inhibitory effect on the proliferation of CML BV173 cells but not on Ph+ ALL SupB15 cells. An ongoing transphosphorylation was demonstrated between SFKs and Bcr-Abl. AZD0530 significantly down-regulated the activation of survival signalling pathways in Ph+ cells, resistant or sensitive to Imatinib, with the exception of the RTSupB15. Conclusion Our results indicate that AZD0530 targets both Src and Bcr-Abl kinase activity and reduces the leukaemic maintenance by Bcr-Abl.
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27
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Santucci MA, Corradi V, Mancini M, Manetti F, Radi M, Schenone S, Botta M. C6‐Unsubstituted Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidines Are Dual Src/Abl Inhibitors Effective against Imatinib Mesylate Resistant Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines. ChemMedChem 2009; 4:118-26. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200800320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alessandra Santucci
- Istituto di Ematologia e Oncologia Medica “Lorenzo e Ariosto Seràgnoli”, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna (Italy)
| | - Valentina Corradi
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, 53100 Siena (Italy)
| | - Manuela Mancini
- Istituto di Ematologia e Oncologia Medica “Lorenzo e Ariosto Seràgnoli”, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna (Italy)
| | - Fabrizio Manetti
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, 53100 Siena (Italy)
| | - Marco Radi
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, 53100 Siena (Italy)
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova (Italy), Fax: (+39) 010‐353‐8866
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, 53100 Siena (Italy)
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28
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Fei F, Yu Y, Schmitt A, Rojewski MT, Chen B, Götz M, Döhner H, Bunjes D, Schmitt M. Dasatinib inhibits the proliferation and function of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. Br J Haematol 2008; 144:195-205. [PMID: 19016717 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07433.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) can influence various immune responses. Little is known about the effects of the Abl/Src kinase inhibitor dasatinib on Tregs which regulate anti-tumor/leukaemia immune responses. The present study demonstrated that dasatinib inhibited proliferation of Tregs and CD4+CD25- T cells in a dose-dependent manner, which was associated with the decreased production of corresponding cytokines. Treatment of Tregs with dasatinib inhibited the suppressive capacity of Tregs. The mechanisms of this inhibition included arrest of cells in the G0/G1 phase of cell cycle, down-regulation of the transcription factor forkhead box P3, glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor and the cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein 4 as well as inhibition of signaling events through Src and nuclear factor kappaB. Dasatinib showed an inhibitory effect on the proliferation and function of both Tregs and CD4+CD25- T cells at therapeutically relevant concentrations of the drug. Clinical administration of dasatinib might influence not only the graft-versus-leukaemia effect but also the graft-versus-host-disease in patients receiving dasatinib after allogeneic stem cell transplantation and/or donor lymphocytes infusion as the function of both Tregs and effector T cells are hampered in a similar way by dasatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fei
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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29
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Khorashad JS, de Lavallade H, Apperley JF, Milojkovic D, Reid AG, Bua M, Szydlo R, Olavarria E, Kaeda J, Goldman JM, Marin D. Finding of kinase domain mutations in patients with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia responding to imatinib may identify those at high risk of disease progression. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26:4806-13. [PMID: 18645191 PMCID: PMC10466446 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.16.9953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2008] [Accepted: 05/27/2008] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Kinase domain (KD) mutations in the BCR-ABL gene are associated with resistance to imatinib in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) but their incidence and prognostic significance in chronic phase (CP) patients without resistance are unclear. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed outcome for 319 patients with CML-CP who were treated with imatinib; 171 were in early CP (ECP) and 148 were in late CP (LCP). Patients were screened routinely for mutations using direct sequencing regardless of response status. The 5-year cumulative incidence of mutations was 6.6% for ECP and 17% for LCP patients. RESULTS Of the 319 patients, 214 (67%) achieved complete cytogenetic responses (CCyR). The identification of a mutation without other evidence of imatinib resistance was highly predictive for loss of CCyR (RR, 3.8; P = .005) and for progression to advanced phase (RR, 2.3; P = .01), though the intervals from first identification to loss of CCyR and disease progression were relatively long (median, 21 and 16 months, respectively). Mutations in the P-loop (excluding residue 244) were associated with a higher risk of progression than mutations elsewhere. CONCLUSION We conclude that routine mutation screening of patients who appear to be responding to imatinib may identify those at high risk of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid S. Khorashad
- From the Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospitals Trust, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hugues de Lavallade
- From the Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospitals Trust, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jane F. Apperley
- From the Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospitals Trust, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dragana Milojkovic
- From the Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospitals Trust, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair G. Reid
- From the Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospitals Trust, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Bua
- From the Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospitals Trust, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Szydlo
- From the Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospitals Trust, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eduardo Olavarria
- From the Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospitals Trust, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jaspal Kaeda
- From the Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospitals Trust, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John M. Goldman
- From the Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospitals Trust, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Marin
- From the Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospitals Trust, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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30
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Pene-Dumitrescu T, Peterson LF, Donato NJ, Smithgall TE. An inhibitor-resistant mutant of Hck protects CML cells against the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of the broad-spectrum Src family kinase inhibitor A-419259. Oncogene 2008; 27:7055-69. [PMID: 18794796 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is driven by Bcr-Abl, a constitutively active protein-tyrosine kinase that stimulates proliferation and survival of myeloid progenitors. Global inhibition of myeloid Src family kinase (SFK) activity with the broad-spectrum pyrrolo-pyrimidine inhibitor, A-419259, blocks proliferation and induces apoptosis in CML cell lines, suggesting that transformation by Bcr-Abl requires SFK activity. However, the contribution of Hck and other individual SFKs to Bcr-Abl signaling is less clear. Here, we developed an A-419259-resistant mutant of Hck by replacing the gatekeeper residue (Thr-338; c-Src numbering) in the inhibitor-binding site with a bulkier methionine residue (Hck-T338M). This substitution reduced Hck sensitivity to A-419259 by more than 30-fold without significantly affecting kinase activity in vitro. Expression of Hck-T338M protected K-562 CML cells and Bcr-Abl-transformed TF-1 myeloid cells from the apoptotic and antiproliferative effects of A-419259. These effects correlated with persistence of Hck-T338M kinase activity in the presence of the compound, and were accompanied by sustained Erk and Stat5 activation. In contrast, control cells expressing equivalent levels of wild-type Hck retained sensitivity to the inhibitor. We also show for the first time that A-419259 induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in primary CD34(+) CML cells with equal potency to imatinib. These data suggest that Hck has a nonredundant function as a key downstream signaling partner for Bcr-Abl and may represent a potential drug target in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pene-Dumitrescu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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31
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Wang Y, Shakespeare WC, Huang WS, Sundaramoorthi R, Lentini S, Das S, Liu S, Banda G, Wen D, Zhu X, Xu Q, Keats J, Wang F, Wardwell S, Ning Y, Snodgrass JT, Broudy MI, Russian K, Dalgarno D, Clackson T, Sawyer TK. Novel N9-arenethenyl purines as potent dual Src/Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:4907-12. [PMID: 18691885 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2008] [Accepted: 06/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Novel N(9)-arenethenyl purines, optimized potent dual Src/Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors, are described. The key structural feature is a trans vinyl linkage at N(9) on the purine core which projects hydrophobic substituents into the selectivity pocket at the rear of the ATP site. Their synthesis was achieved through a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction of N(9)-phosphorylmethylpurines and substituted benzaldehydes or Heck reactions between 9-vinyl purines and aryl halides. Most compounds are potent inhibitors of both Src and Abl kinase, and several possess good oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Wang
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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32
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Abram CL, Lowell CA. The diverse functions of Src family kinases in macrophages. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2008; 13:4426-50. [PMID: 18508521 DOI: 10.2741/3015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are key components of the innate immune response. These cells possess a diverse repertoire of receptors that allow them to respond to a host of external stimuli including cytokines, chemokines, and pathogen-associated molecules. Signals resulting from these stimuli activate a number of macrophage functional responses such as adhesion, migration, phagocytosis, proliferation, survival, cytokine release and production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase Src and its family members (SFKs) have been implicated in many intracellular signaling pathways in macrophages, initiated by a diverse set of receptors ranging from integrins to Toll-like receptors. However, it has been difficult to implicate any given member of the family in any specific pathway. SFKs appear to have overlapping and complementary functions in many pathways. Perhaps the function of these enzymes is to modulate the overall intracellular signaling network in macrophages, rather than operating as exclusive signaling switches for defined pathways. In general, SFKs may function more like rheostats, influencing the amplitude of many pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare L Abram
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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33
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Ou J, Vergilio JA, Bagg A. Molecular diagnosis and monitoring in the clinical management of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Am J Hematol 2008; 83:296-302. [PMID: 17957805 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.21096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The well-established molecular pathogenesis of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and its consequences for laboratory testing and clinical management illustrate a classic paradigm for the importance of molecular diagnostics in targeted drug therapy. The success of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), imatinib, as the currently recommended first-line treatment of early chronic phase CML has both fueled the need for timely and reproducible molecular testing of the BCR-ABL1 fusion transcript in diagnosis and monitoring as well as necessitated the detection of kinase domain mutations that confer resistance to this agent. As, ongoing research continues to refine guidelines for monitoring residual disease in patients undergoing TKI therapy, an understanding of molecular technologies and their interpretation is critical. This review summarizes the molecular strategies that are currently employed in the initial diagnosis and subsequent management of CML patients maintained on TKI therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Benzamides
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Disease Progression
- Drug Monitoring/methods
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/antagonists & inhibitors
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/blood
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/blood
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/blood
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Ou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4283, USA
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34
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Manetti F, Brullo C, Magnani M, Mosci F, Chelli B, Crespan E, Schenone S, Naldini A, Bruno O, Trincavelli ML, Maga G, Carraro F, Martini C, Bondavalli F, Botta M. Structure-Based Optimization of Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines as Abl Inhibitors and Antiproliferative Agents toward Human Leukemia Cell Lines. J Med Chem 2008; 51:1252-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jm701240c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Manetti
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100, Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, I-16132, Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisiologia, Sezione di Neuroimmunofisiologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, I-53100, Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, I-56126, Italy, and
| | - Chiara Brullo
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100, Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, I-16132, Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisiologia, Sezione di Neuroimmunofisiologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, I-53100, Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, I-56126, Italy, and
| | - Matteo Magnani
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100, Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, I-16132, Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisiologia, Sezione di Neuroimmunofisiologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, I-53100, Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, I-56126, Italy, and
| | - Francesca Mosci
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100, Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, I-16132, Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisiologia, Sezione di Neuroimmunofisiologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, I-53100, Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, I-56126, Italy, and
| | - Beatrice Chelli
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100, Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, I-16132, Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisiologia, Sezione di Neuroimmunofisiologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, I-53100, Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, I-56126, Italy, and
| | - Emmanuele Crespan
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100, Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, I-16132, Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisiologia, Sezione di Neuroimmunofisiologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, I-53100, Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, I-56126, Italy, and
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100, Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, I-16132, Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisiologia, Sezione di Neuroimmunofisiologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, I-53100, Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, I-56126, Italy, and
| | - Antonella Naldini
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100, Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, I-16132, Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisiologia, Sezione di Neuroimmunofisiologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, I-53100, Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, I-56126, Italy, and
| | - Olga Bruno
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100, Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, I-16132, Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisiologia, Sezione di Neuroimmunofisiologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, I-53100, Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, I-56126, Italy, and
| | - Maria Letizia Trincavelli
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100, Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, I-16132, Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisiologia, Sezione di Neuroimmunofisiologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, I-53100, Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, I-56126, Italy, and
| | - Giovanni Maga
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100, Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, I-16132, Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisiologia, Sezione di Neuroimmunofisiologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, I-53100, Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, I-56126, Italy, and
| | - Fabio Carraro
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100, Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, I-16132, Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisiologia, Sezione di Neuroimmunofisiologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, I-53100, Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, I-56126, Italy, and
| | - Claudia Martini
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100, Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, I-16132, Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisiologia, Sezione di Neuroimmunofisiologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, I-53100, Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, I-56126, Italy, and
| | - Francesco Bondavalli
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100, Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, I-16132, Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisiologia, Sezione di Neuroimmunofisiologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, I-53100, Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, I-56126, Italy, and
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, I-53100, Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, I-16132, Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisiologia, Sezione di Neuroimmunofisiologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, I-53100, Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, I-56126, Italy, and
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35
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A solid-phase Bcr-Abl kinase assay in 96-well hydrogel plates. Anal Biochem 2007; 375:18-26. [PMID: 18194660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2007.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2007] [Revised: 12/14/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Regulated phosphorylation by protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), such as c-Abl, is critical to cellular homeostasis. In turn, once deregulated as in the chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) fusion protein Bcr-Abl, PTKs can promote cancer onset and progression. The dramatic success of the Bcr-Abl inhibitor imatinib as therapy for CML has inspired interest in other PTKs as targets for cancer drug discovery. Here we report a novel PTK activity and inhibition screening method using hydrogel-immobilized peptide substrates. Using acrylate crosslinkers, we tether peptides via terminal cysteines to thiol-presenting hydrogels in 96-well plates. These surfaces display low background and high reproducibility, allowing semiquantitative detection of peptide phosphorylation by recombinant c-Abl or by Bcr-Abl activity in cell extracts using traditional anti-phosphotyrosine immunodetection and chemifluorescence. The capabilities of this assay are demonstrated by performing model screens for inhibition with several commercially available PTK inhibitors and a collection of pyridopyrimidine Src/Abl dual inhibitors. This assay provides a practical method to measure the activity of a single kinase present in a whole cell lysate with high sensitivity and specificity as a valuable means for efficient small molecule screening.
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Effective and selective inhibition of chronic myeloid leukemia primitive hematopoietic progenitors by the dual Src/Abl kinase inhibitor SKI-606. Blood 2007; 111:2329-38. [PMID: 18056843 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-05-092056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Imatinib mesylate (imatinib) is highly effective in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) but is less effective in eliminating CML stem cells. We investigated whether SKI-606, a potent Bcr-Abl and Src kinase inhibitor without anti-PDGF or c-Kit activity, could effectively target primitive CML progenitors. CML and normal progenitors were cultured with SKI-606 or imatinib. SKI-606 effectively inhibited Bcr-Abl kinase activity in CML CD34(+) cells and inhibited Src phosphorylation more potently than imatinib. However, SKI-606 and imatinib resulted in similar suppression of CML primitive and committed progenitor proliferation and growth in CFC and LTC-IC assays. Exposure to either agent alone or in combination resulted in only modest increase in apoptosis. Evaluation of downstream signaling pathways indicated that Akt and STAT5 activity was not changed, but a delayed increase in MAPK activity was seen at high concentrations of SKI-606. SKI-606 inhibited normal progenitor proliferation to a lesser extent than imatinib. SKI-606 effectively inhibits Bcr-Abl and Src kinase activity and inhibits CML progenitor growth with relatively little effect on normal progenitors. However, SKI-606 does not demonstrate increased ability to eliminate primitive CML progenitors by apoptosis compared with imatinib, emphasizing the need for additional strategies besides Bcr-Abl kinase inhibition for curative therapy of CML.
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Hantschel O, Rix U, Schmidt U, Bürckstümmer T, Kneidinger M, Schütze G, Colinge J, Bennett KL, Ellmeier W, Valent P, Superti-Furga G. The Btk tyrosine kinase is a major target of the Bcr-Abl inhibitor dasatinib. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:13283-8. [PMID: 17684099 PMCID: PMC1940229 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0702654104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dasatinib is a small-molecule kinase inhibitor used for the treatment of imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). We have analyzed the kinases targeted by dasatinib by using an unbiased chemical proteomics approach to detect binding proteins directly from lysates of CML cells. Besides Abl and Src kinases, we have identified the Tec kinases Btk and Tec, but not Itk, as major binders of dasatinib. The kinase activity of Btk and Tec, but not of Itk, was inhibited by nanomolar concentrations of dasatinib in vitro and in cultured cells. We identified the gatekeeper residue as the critical determinant of dasatinib susceptibility. Mutation of Thr-474 in Btk to Ile and Thr-442 in Tec to Ile conferred resistance to dasatinib, whereas mutation of the corresponding residue in Itk (Phe-435) to Thr sensitized the otherwise insensitive Itk to dasatinib. The configuration of this residue may be a predictor for dasatinib sensitivity across the kinome. Analysis of mast cells derived from Btk-deficient mice suggested that inhibition of Btk by dasatinib may be responsible for the observed reduction in histamine release upon dasatinib treatment. Furthermore, dasatinib inhibited histamine release in primary human basophils and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in immune cells. The observed inhibition of Tec kinases by dasatinib predicts immunosuppressive (side) effects of this drug and may offer therapeutic opportunities for inflammatory and immunological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Hantschel
- *Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 19, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Uwe Rix
- *Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 19, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Uwe Schmidt
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 19, 1090 Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Tilmann Bürckstümmer
- *Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 19, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kneidinger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Schütze
- *Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 19, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jacques Colinge
- *Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 19, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Keiryn L. Bennett
- *Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 19, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilfried Ellmeier
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 19, 1090 Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- *Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 19, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Mancini M, Brusa G, Zuffa E, Corrado P, Martinelli G, Grafone T, Barbieri E, Santucci MA. Persistent Cdk2 inactivation drives growth arrest of BCR-ABL-expressing cells in response to dual inhibitor of SRC and ABL kinases SKI606. Leuk Res 2007; 31:979-87. [PMID: 17129604 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2006.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2006] [Revised: 07/27/2006] [Accepted: 09/27/2006] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Complementary inhibition of tyrosine and SRC kinases implement dual SRC/ABL inhibitor effects in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Here, we show that one such inhibitor, SKI-606, induces persistent Cdk2 inactivation leading to growth arrest of BCR-ABL-expressing cells either IM-sensitive or driven to IM-resistance by other events than gene overexpression and point mutations. Inhibition of Akt serine/threonine kinase, a phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI-3k) target that integrates p210 TK signaling with membrane-associated SRC kinases, is a central component of restored expression and subcellular redistribution of Cdk2 regulatory signals (p21 and p27 and Cdc25A phosphatase) in response to SKI-606. The putative roles of growth factor (namely IL-3) autocrine loop in BCR-ABL-expressing progenitor progression towards a drug-resistant phenotype are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Mancini
- Istituto di Ematologia e Oncologia Medica "Lorenzo e Ariosto Seràgnoli", University of Bologna-Medical School, Via Massarenti 9, 40138-Bologna, Italy.
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39
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Soverini S, Colarossi S, Gnani A, Rosti G, Castagnetti F, Poerio A, Iacobucci I, Amabile M, Abruzzese E, Orlandi E, Radaelli F, Ciccone F, Tiribelli M, di Lorenzo R, Caracciolo C, Izzo B, Pane F, Saglio G, Baccarani M, Martinelli G. Contribution of ABL kinase domain mutations to imatinib resistance in different subsets of Philadelphia-positive patients: by the GIMEMA Working Party on Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 12:7374-9. [PMID: 17189410 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE ABL kinase domain mutations have been implicated in the resistance to the BCR-ABL inhibitor imatinib mesylate of Philadelphia-positive (Ph+) leukemia patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography and sequencing, we screened for ABL kinase domain mutations in 370 Ph+ patients with evidence of hematologic or cytogenetic resistance to imatinib. RESULTS Mutations were found in 127 of 297 (43%) evaluable patients. Mutations were found in 27% of chronic-phase patients (14% treated with imatinib frontline; 31% treated with imatinib post-IFN failure), 52% of accelerated-phase patients, 75% of myeloid blast crisis patients, and 83% of lymphoid blast crisis/Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. Mutations were associated in 30% of patients with primary resistance (44% hematologic and 28% cytogenetic) and in 57% of patients with acquired resistance (23% patients who lost cytogenetic response; 55% patients who lost hematologic response; and 87% patients who progressed to accelerated phase/blast crisis). P-loop and T315I mutations were particularly frequent in advanced-phase chronic myeloid leukemia and Ph+ ALL patients, and often accompanied progression from chronic phase to accelerated phase/blast crisis. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that (a) amino acid substitutions at seven residues (M244V, G250E, Y253F/H, E255K/V, T315I, M351T, and F359V) account for 85% of all resistance-associated mutations; (b) the search for mutations is important both in case of imatinib failure and in case of loss of response at the hematologic or cytogenetic level; (c) advanced-phase chronic myeloid leukemia and Ph+ ALL patients have a higher likelihood of developing imatinib-resistant mutations; and (d) the presence of either P-loop or T315I mutations in imatinib-treated patients should warn the clinician to reconsider the therapeutic strategy.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Benzamides
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- DNA Mutational Analysis/methods
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Frequency
- Genes, abl/physiology
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Mutation/physiology
- Neoplasm Staging
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Protein Kinases/genetics
- Protein Structure, Tertiary/genetics
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Soverini
- Department of Hematology/Oncology L. and A. Seràgnoli, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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40
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Manetti F, Pucci A, Magnani M, Locatelli GA, Brullo C, Naldini A, Schenone S, Maga G, Carraro F, Botta M. Inhibition of Bcr-Abl Phosphorylation and Induction of Apoptosis by Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines in Human Leukemia Cells. ChemMedChem 2007; 2:343-53. [PMID: 17295370 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200600214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A series of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines, previously found to be Src inhibitors, was tested for their ability to inhibit proliferation of three Bcr-Abl-positive human leukemia cell lines (K-562, KU-812, and MEG-01), on the basis of the experimental evidence that various Src inhibitors are also active against Bcr-Abl kinase (the so called dual Src/Abl inhibitors). They reduce Bcr-Abl tyrosine phosphorylation and promote apoptosis of the Bcr-Abl-expressing cells. A cell-free enzymatic assay on isolated c-Abl confirmed that such compounds directly inhibit Abl activity. Finally, molecular modeling simulations were also performed to hypothesize the binding mode of the compounds into the Abl binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Manetti
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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41
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Liao JJL. Molecular recognition of protein kinase binding pockets for design of potent and selective kinase inhibitors. J Med Chem 2007; 50:409-24. [PMID: 17266192 DOI: 10.1021/jm0608107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Jie-Lou Liao
- TransTech Pharma, 4170 Mendenhall Oaks Parkway, High Point, North Carolina 27265, USA.
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Boschelli DH, Wu B, Ye F, Wang Y, Golas JM, Lucas J, Boschelli F. Synthesis and Src kinase inhibitory activity of a series of 4-[(2,4-dichloro-5-methoxyphenyl)amino]-7-furyl-3-quinolinecarbonitriles. J Med Chem 2007; 49:7868-76. [PMID: 17181170 DOI: 10.1021/jm061031t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Compound 1 (SKI-606, bosutinib), a 7-alkoxy-4-[(2,4-dichloro-5-methoxyphenyl)amino]-3-quinolinecarbonitrile, is a potent inhibitor of Src kinase activity. We previously reported that analogs of 1 with thiophene groups at C-7 retained the Src activity of the parent compound. The corresponding C-7 furan analogs were prepared and it was found that the 3,5-substituted furan analog had increased activity compared to that of the 2,5-substituted furan isomer. Addition of a methoxy group at C-6 decreased the Src inhibitory activity of the C-7 2,5-substituted furan analog but increased the activity of the C-7 3,5-substituted furan isomer. This compound, 10, was a more potent Src inhibitor than 1 in both enzymatic and cell-based assays. The kinase selectivity profile of 10 was similar to that of 1, with 10 also inhibiting the activity of Abl and Lck. When tested in a solid tumor xenograft model, 10 had comparable oral activity to that of 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane H Boschelli
- Chemical and Screening Sciences and Oncology, Wyeth Research, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA.
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43
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Okram B, Nagle A, Adrián FJ, Lee C, Ren P, Wang X, Sim T, Xie Y, Wang X, Xia G, Spraggon G, Warmuth M, Liu Y, Gray NS. A general strategy for creating "inactive-conformation" abl inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 13:779-86. [PMID: 16873026 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2006.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2006] [Revised: 05/23/2006] [Accepted: 05/30/2006] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Kinase inhibitors that bind to the ATP cleft can be broadly classified into two groups: those that bind exclusively to the ATP site with the kinase assuming a conformation otherwise conducive to phosphotransfer (type I), and those that exploit a hydrophobic site immediately adjacent to the ATP pocket made accessible by a conformational rearrangement of the activation loop (type II). To date, all type II inhibitors were discovered by using structure-activity-guided optimization strategies. Here, we describe a general pharmacophore model of type II inhibition that enables a rational "hybrid-design" approach whereby a 3-trifluoromethylbenzamide functionality is appended to four distinct type I scaffolds in order to convert them into their corresponding type II counterparts. We demonstrate that the designed compounds function as type II inhibitors by using biochemical and cellular kinase assays and by cocrystallography with Abl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barun Okram
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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44
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Piccaluga PP, Martinelli G, Rondoni M, Visani G, Baccarani M. Advances and potential treatment for Philadelphia chromosome-positive adult acute lymphoid leukaemia. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2006; 6:1011-22. [PMID: 16989583 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.6.10.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common subtype of ALL in adults. Conventional chemotherapy-based approaches that are effective in other precursor B cell ALL cases have a poor chances of cure in patients with a Ph+ diagnosis. Therefore, allogeneic stem cell transplantation performed during the first remission is the recommended therapy. Recently, the availability of imatinib mesylate and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors and small molecules that affect the BCR/ABL signalling pathways has introduced a new therapeutic opportunity, and could change the treatment paradigm and prognosis for these patients. In this article, the results from clinical trials using imatinib in relapsed/refractory patients and as front-line therapy are described. In addition, preliminary experiences with novel tyrosine kinase inhibitors in imatinib-resistant Ph+ ALL are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Paolo Piccaluga
- Institute of Haematology and Medical Oncology, L. and A. Seràgnoli, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Grandage VL, Everington T, Linch DC, Khwaja A. Gö6976 is a potent inhibitor of the JAK 2 and FLT3 tyrosine kinases with significant activity in primary acute myeloid leukaemia cells. Br J Haematol 2006; 135:303-16. [PMID: 16956345 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2006.06291.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signalling is implicated in a number of haematological malignancies and effective JAK inhibitors may be therapeutically useful. We found that Gö6976, an indolocarbazole inhibitor of the calcium-dependent isozymes of protein kinase C (PKC), inhibited interleukin 3/granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced signalling, proliferation and survival whereas Gö6983, a broad spectrum PKC inhibitor, had no such effects. Gö6976 was found to be a direct and potent inhibitor of JAK2 in vitro. Gö6976 also inhibited signalling, survival and proliferation in cells expressing the leukaemia-associated TEL-JAK2 fusion protein and the myeloproliferative disorder (MPD)-associated JAK2 V617F mutant. In primary acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells, incubation with Gö6976 reduced constitutive STAT activity in all cases studied. In addition, Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation were reduced in 4/5 FLT3-internal tandem duplication (ITD) positive AML cases and 7/13 FLT3-wild-type (WT) cases. Expression of FLT3-WT, ITD and D835Y in 32D cells showed that Gö6976 is also a potent inhibitor of WT and mutant FLT3. In AML cells, Gö6976 reduced the survival to 55 +/- 5% of control in FLT3-ITD cases and to 69 +/- 5% in FLT3-WT samples. These data may help identify clinically useful compounds based on the structure of Gö6976, which can be employed for the treatment of MPDs as well as AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Grandage
- Department of Haematology, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, London, UK
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46
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Flynn JT, Chan-Ling T. Retinopathy of prematurity: two distinct mechanisms that underlie zone 1 and zone 2 disease. Am J Ophthalmol 2006; 142:46-59. [PMID: 16815250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2006.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2005] [Revised: 02/06/2006] [Accepted: 02/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In its most severe form, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is located in posterior retina and affects the smallest, most premature infants. We hypothesize that, depending on whether vasculogenesis (de novo formation of new vessels by transformation of vascular precursor cells (VPCs)) or angiogenesis (budding from existing vessels) is perturbed, it results in significant differences in clinical presentation and therapeutic outcome observed in zone 1 vs zone 2 ROP. DESIGN The study is a retrospective analysis of the difference in outcome between zones 1 and 2 ROP after cryotherapy and laser therapy. METHODS A review of the clinical presentation of zones 1 and 2 ROP that correlate this with the topography of formation of human retinal vasculature through vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. RESULTS Population data on susceptible infants, and outcome statistics of clinical trials are given. Digital images show a correlation between ROP in zone 1 with the region of the retina vascularized through vasculogenesis. CONCLUSION Zone 1 ROP is correlated with vessel development by vasculogenesis, relative insensitivity to laser/cryotherapy and poorer anatomic and visual outcomes. This suggests that, if the vasculogenic process is perturbed, it results in a distinct clinical presentation, poorer response to therapy, and poorer visual outcome. When the current international classification was developed, knowledge of the processes of human retinal vascular development was incomplete. The work presented here provides a framework for the development of a modification to incorporate these ideas without sacrifice of the essential elements of the international classification of ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Flynn
- Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.
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47
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Abstract
Protein phosphorylation plays key roles in many physiological processes and is often deregulated in pathological conditions. Our current understanding of how protein kinases and phosphatases orchestrate the phosphorylation changes that control cellular functions has made these enzymes potential drug targets for the treatment of many diseases. The success of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor Gleevec in the treatment of some cancers has further invigorated the development of kinase inhibitors as anti-cancer drugs. A large number of these compounds are currently undergoing clinical trials and there is much expectation on the therapeutic potential of these molecules, as more specific and less toxic drugs than currently used generic chemotherapeutic agents. In this manuscript, we review the current status of more than 30 protein kinase inhibitors with proven or potential therapeutic value for cancer treatment. These include inhibitors of receptor and cytosolic tyrosine kinases as well as compounds that target different families of serine/threonine kinases involved in signalling and cell cycle regulation. We also briefly touch on the prospects of phosphatase inhibitors. The combination of kinase inhibitors to target different components of signalling pathways that are found deregulated in tumours is also emerging as an interesting approach for cancer therapy.
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