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Lien HC, Yu HC, Yu WH, Lin SF, Chen TWW, Chen IC, Hsiao LP, Yeh LC, Li YC, Lo C, Lu YS. Characteristics and transcriptional regulators of spontaneous epithelial-mesenchymal transition in genetically unperturbed patient-derived non-spindled breast carcinoma. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:130. [PMID: 39256881 PMCID: PMC11385830 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although tumor cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) typically exhibit spindle morphology in experimental models, such histomorphological evidence of EMT has predominantly been observed in rare primary spindle carcinomas. The characteristics and transcriptional regulators of spontaneous EMT in genetically unperturbed non-spindled carcinomas remain underexplored. METHODS We used primary culture combined with RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq), and in situ RNA-seq to explore the characteristics and transcription factors (TFs) associated with potential spontaneous EMT in non-spindled breast carcinoma. RESULTS Our primary culture revealed carcinoma cells expressing diverse epithelial-mesenchymal traits, consistent with epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity. Importantly, carcinoma cells undergoing spontaneous EMT did not necessarily exhibit spindle morphology, even when undergoing complete EMT. EMT was a favored process, whereas mesenchymal-epithelial transition appeared to be crucial for secondary tumor growth. Through scRNA-seq, we identified TFs that were sequentially and significantly upregulated as carcinoma cells progressed through the EMT process, which correlated with increasing VIM expression. Once upregulated, the TFs remained active throughout the EMT process. ZEB1 was a key initiator and sustainer of EMT, as indicated by its earliest significant upregulation in the EMT process, its exact correlation with VIM expression, and the reversal of EMT and downregulation of EMT-upregulated TFs upon ZEB1 knockdown. The correlation between ZEB1 and vimentin expression in triple-negative breast cancer and metaplastic breast carcinoma tumor cohorts further highlighted its role. The immediate upregulation of ZEB2 following that of ZEB1, along with the observation that the knockdown of ZEB1 or ZEB2 downregulates both ZEB1 and ZEB2 concomitant with the reversal of EMT, suggests their functional cooperation in EMT. This finding, together with that of a lack of correlation of SNAI1, SNAI2, and TWIST1 expression with the mesenchymal phenotype, indicated EMT-TFs have a context-dependent role in EMT. Upregulation of EMT-related gene signatures during EMT correlated with poor patient outcomes, highlighting the biological importance of the model. Elevated EMT gene signatures and increased ZEB1 and ZEB2 expression in vimentin-positive compared to vimentin-negative carcinoma cells within the corresponding primary tumor tissue confirmed ZEB1 and ZEB2 as intrinsic, instead of microenvironmentally-induced, EMT regulators, and vimentin as an in vivo indicator of EMT. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide insights into the characteristics and transcriptional regulators of spontaneous EMT in primary non-spindled carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang-Chun Lien
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chieh Yu
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 1, Changde St., Zhongzheng District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsuan Yu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Su-Fang Lin
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Tom Wei-Wu Chen
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 1, Changde St., Zhongzheng District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - I-Chun Chen
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 1, Changde St., Zhongzheng District, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ping Hsiao
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 1, Changde St., Zhongzheng District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Chun Yeh
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 1, Changde St., Zhongzheng District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Li
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiao Lo
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Shen Lu
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 1, Changde St., Zhongzheng District, Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Phadte P, Bishnu A, Dey P, M M, Mehrotra M, Singh P, Chakrabarty S, Majumdar R, Rekhi B, Patra M, De A, Ray P. Autophagy-mediated ID1 turnover dictates chemo-resistant fate in ovarian cancer stem cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:222. [PMID: 39123206 PMCID: PMC11316295 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms enabling dynamic shifts between drug-resistant and drug-sensitive states in cancer cells are still underexplored. This study investigated the role of targeted autophagic protein degradation in regulating ovarian cancer stem cell (CSC) fate decisions and chemo-resistance. METHODS Autophagy levels were compared between CSC-enriched side population (SP) and non-SP cells (NSP) in multiple ovarian cancer cell lines using immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. The impact of autophagy modulation on CSC markers and differentiation was assessed by flow cytometry, immunoblotting and qRT-PCR. In silico modeling and co-immunoprecipitation identified ID1 interacting proteins. Pharmacological and genetic approaches along with Annexin-PI assay, ChIP assay, western blotting, qRT-PCR and ICP-MS were used to evaluate effects on cisplatin sensitivity, apoptosis, SLC31A1 expression, promoter binding, and intracellular platinum accumulation in ID1 depleted backdrop. Patient-derived tumor spheroids were analyzed for autophagy and SLC31A1 levels. RESULTS Ovarian CSCs exhibited increased basal autophagy compared to non-CSCs. Further autophagy stimulation by serum-starvation and chemical modes triggered proteolysis of the stemness regulator ID1, driving the differentiation of chemo-resistant CSCs into chemo-sensitive non-CSCs. In silico modeling predicted TCF12 as a potent ID1 interactor, which was validated by co-immunoprecipitation. ID1 depletion freed TCF12 to transactivate the cisplatin influx transporter SLC31A1, increasing intracellular cisplatin levels and cytotoxicity. Patient-derived tumor spheroids exhibited a functional association between autophagy, ID1, SLC31A1, and platinum sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a novel autophagy-ID1-TCF12-SLC31A1 axis where targeted autophagic degradation of ID1 enables rapid remodeling of CSCs to reverse chemo-resistance. Modulating this pathway could counter drug resistance in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratham Phadte
- Imaging Cell Signalling & Therapeutics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Aniketh Bishnu
- Imaging Cell Signalling & Therapeutics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Pranay Dey
- Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Manikandan M
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, 400005, India
| | - Megha Mehrotra
- Imaging Cell Signalling & Therapeutics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Prerna Singh
- Imaging Cell Signalling & Therapeutics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Shritama Chakrabarty
- Imaging Cell Signalling & Therapeutics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, 462066, India
| | - Rounak Majumdar
- Imaging Cell Signalling & Therapeutics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, 741246, India
| | - Bharat Rekhi
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Malay Patra
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, 400005, India
| | - Abhijit De
- Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Pritha Ray
- Imaging Cell Signalling & Therapeutics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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Alvarez S, Gupta S, Honeychurch K, Mercado-Ayon Y, Kawaguchi R, Butler SJ. Netrin1 patterns the dorsal spinal cord through modulation of Bmp signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.02.565384. [PMID: 37961605 PMCID: PMC10635094 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.02.565384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
We have identified an unexpected role for netrin1 as a suppressor of bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) signaling in the developing dorsal spinal cord. Using a combination of gain- and loss-of-function approaches in chicken, embryonic stem cell (ESC), and mouse models, we have observed that manipulating the level of netrin1 specifically alters the patterning of the Bmp-dependent dorsal interneurons (dIs), dI1-dI3. Altered netrin1 levels also change Bmp signaling activity, as measured by bioinformatics, and monitoring phosophoSmad1/5/8 activation, the canonical intermediate of Bmp signaling, and Id levels, a known Bmp target. Together, these studies support the hypothesis that netrin1 acts from the intermediate spinal cord to regionally confine Bmp signaling to the dorsal spinal cord. Thus, netrin1 has reiterative activities shaping dorsal spinal circuits, first by regulating cell fate decisions and then acting as a guidance cue to direct axon extension.
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Yao S, Zhou X, Gu M, Zhang C, Bartsch O, Vona B, Fan L, Ma L, Pan Y. FGFR1 variants contributed to families with tooth agenesis. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:93. [PMID: 37833774 PMCID: PMC10576343 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00539-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tooth agenesis is a common dental anomaly that can substantially affect both the ability to chew and the esthetic appearance of patients. This study aims to identify possible genetic factors that underlie various forms of tooth agenesis and to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms through which human dental pulp stem cells may play a role in this condition. RESULTS Using whole-exome sequencing of a Han Chinese family with non-syndromic tooth agenesis, a rare mutation in FGFR1 (NM_001174063.2: c.103G > A, p.Gly35Arg) was identified as causative and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Via GeneMatcher, another family with a known variant (NM_001174063.2: c.1859G > A, p.Arg620Gln) was identified and diagnosed with tooth agenesis and a rare genetic disorder with considerable intrafamilial variability. Fgfr1 is enriched in the ectoderm during early embryonic development of mice and showed sustained low expression during normal embryonic development of Xenopus laevis frogs. Functional studies of the highly conserved missense variant c.103G > A showed deleterious effects. FGFR1 (c.103G > A) was overexpressed compared to wildtype and promoted proliferation while inhibiting apoptosis in HEK293 and human dental pulp stem cells. Moreover, the c.103G > A variant was found to suppress the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The variant could downregulate ID4 expression and deactivate the TGF-beta signaling pathway by promoting the expression of SMAD6 and SMAD7. CONCLUSION Our research broadens the mutation spectrum associated with tooth agenesis and enhances understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyue Yao
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Min Gu
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Third Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou City, Changzhou City, 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Oliver Bartsch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Barbara Vona
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Liwen Fan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Yongchu Pan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Murugesan P, Begum H, Tangutur AD. Inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation proteins as IDs for pancreatic cancer: Role in pancreatic cancer initiation, development and prognosis. Gene 2023; 853:147092. [PMID: 36464175 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A family of inhibitors of cell differentiation or DNA-binding proteins, known as ID proteins (ID1-4), function as mighty transcription factors in various cellular processes, such as inhibiting differentiation, promoting cell-cycle progression, senescence, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and metastasis in cancer. Pancreatic cancer represents the deadliest cancer with the lowest survival rate of 10% due to the diagnosis at an advanced fatal stage and therapeutic resistance. Modestly, the only curative option for this lethal cancer is surgery but is done in less than 15-20% of patients because of the locally aggressive and early metastatic nature. Finding the earliest biomarkers and targeting the various hallmarks of pancreatic cancer can improve the treatment and survival of pancreatic cancer patients. Therefore, herein in this review, we explore in depth the potential roles of ID proteins function in hallmarks of pancreatic cancer, signaling pathways, and its oncogenic and tumor-suppressive effects. Hence, understanding the roles of dysregulated ID proteins would provide new insights into its function in pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Periyasamy Murugesan
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Habeebunnisa Begum
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Anjana Devi Tangutur
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India.
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Werry N, Russell SJ, Gillis DJ, Miller S, Hickey K, Larmer S, Lohuis M, Librach C, LaMarre J. Characteristics of miRNAs Present in Bovine Sperm and Associations With Differences in Fertility. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:874371. [PMID: 35663333 PMCID: PMC9160602 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.874371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Small non-coding RNAs have been linked to different phenotypes in bovine sperm, however attempts to identify sperm-borne molecular biomarkers of male fertility have thus far failed to identify a robust profile of expressed miRNAs related to fertility. We hypothesized that some differences in bull fertility may be reflected in the levels of different miRNAs in sperm. To explore such differences in fertility that are not due to differences in visible metrics of sperm quality, we employed Next Generation Sequencing to compare the miRNA populations in Bos taurus sperm from bulls with comparable motility and morphology but varying Sire Conception Rates. We identified the most abundant miRNAs in both populations (miRs -34b-3p; -100-5p; -191-5p; -30d-4p; -21-5p) and evaluated differences in the overall levels and specific patterns of isomiR expression. We also explored correlations between specific pairs of miRNAs in each population and identified 10 distinct pairs of miRNAs that were positively correlated in bulls with higher fertility and negatively correlated in comparatively less fertile individuals. Furthermore, 8 additional miRNA pairs demonstrated the opposite trend; negatively correlated in high fertility animals and positively correlated in less fertile bulls. Finally, we performed pathway analysis to identify potential roles of miRNAs present in bull sperm in the regulation of specific genes that impact spermatogenesis and embryo development. Together, these results present a comprehensive picture of the bovine sperm miRNAome that suggests multiple potential roles in fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Werry
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Daniel J. Gillis
- School of Computer Science, The University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Clifford Librach
- CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan LaMarre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Tiane A, Schepers M, Riemens R, Rombaut B, Vandormael P, Somers V, Prickaerts J, Hellings N, van den Hove D, Vanmierlo T. DNA methylation regulates the expression of the negative transcriptional regulators ID2 and ID4 during OPC differentiation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6631-6644. [PMID: 34482420 PMCID: PMC8558293 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03927-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) into myelinating oligodendrocytes is the prerequisite for remyelination in demyelinated disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, have been suggested to control the intricate network of transcription factors involved in OPC differentiation. Yet, the exact mechanism remains undisclosed. Here, we are the first to identify the DNA-binding protein inhibitors, Id2 and Id4, as targets of DNA methylation during OPC differentiation. Using state-of-the-art epigenetic editing via CRISPR/dCas9-DNMT3a, we confirm that targeted methylation of Id2/Id4 drives OPC differentiation. Moreover, we show that in the pathological context of MS, methylation and gene expression levels of both ID2 and ID4 are altered compared to control human brain samples. We conclude that DNA methylation is crucial to suppress ID2 and ID4 during OPC differentiation, a process that appears to be dysregulated during MS. Our data do not only reveal new insights into oligodendrocyte biology, but could also lead to a better understanding of CNS myelin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assia Tiane
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Melissa Schepers
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Renzo Riemens
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ben Rombaut
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Patrick Vandormael
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Veerle Somers
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Jos Prickaerts
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Niels Hellings
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Daniel van den Hove
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Tim Vanmierlo
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium.
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Yokura-Yamada Y, Araki M, Maeda M. Ectopic expression of Id1 or Id3 inhibits transcription of the GATA-4 gene in P19CL6 cells under differentiation condition. Drug Discov Ther 2021; 15:189-196. [PMID: 34421098 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2021.01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitor of DNA binding (Id) is a dominant negative form of the E-box binding basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor since it is devoid of the basic region required for DNA binding and forms an inactive hetero dimer with bHLH proteins. The E-box sequence located in the promoter region of the GATA-binding protein 4 (GATA-4) gene is essential for transcriptional activation in P19CL6 cells. These cells differentiate into cardiomyocytes and start to express GATA-4, which further triggers cardiac-specific gene expression. In this study, expression plasmids for Ids tagged with human influenza hemagglutinin (HA)-FLAG were constructed and introduced into P19CL6 cells. The stable clones expressing the recombinant Id proteins (Id1 or Id3) were isolated. The GATA-4 gene expression in these clones under differentiation condition in the presence of 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was repressed, with concomitant abolishment of the transcription of α-myosin heavy chain (α-MHC), which is a component of cardiac myofibrils. Thus, the increased expression of Id protein could affect GATA-4 gene expression and negatively regulate the differentiation of P19CL6 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Yokura-Yamada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Masatomo Maeda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Lu X, Shao L, Qian Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Miao L, Zhuang Z. Prognostic effects of the expression of inhibitor of DNA-binding family members on patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:143. [PMID: 32934711 PMCID: PMC7471671 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors are negatively regulated by inhibitor of DNA-binding (ID) proteins. Several studies have demonstrated that ID family proteins are dysregulated in a variety of cancer types, including in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). In current study, the prognostic value of ID family members was evaluated by investigating publicly accessible databases, including Oncomine, Kaplan-Meier plotter, UALCAN and the Human Protein Atlas. It was observed that the mRNA expression of all ID members was downregulated in LUAD tumor tissues compared with those in normal tissues according to the Oncomine and UALCAN databases. Additionally, increased mRNA expression levels of ID2 and ID1 were associated with improved and poorer survival time, respectively. Notably, ID3 and ID4 expression was not associated with survival in patients with LUAD. At the protein level, high ID2 significantly predicted an improved survival outcome while high ID1 is associated with shorter survival time. Thus, the results indicate that the ID proteins, particularly ID2, exhibit significant prognostic value in LUAD. More studies are required to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms behind the role of the ID family in the development of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Lu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Haian Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226601, P.R. China
| | - Lili Shao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nantong University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226361, P.R. China
| | - Ye Qian
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Haian Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226601, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Haian Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226601, P.R. China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Liyun Miao
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Zhixiang Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
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Ivanov D. Notch Signaling-Induced Oscillatory Gene Expression May Drive Neurogenesis in the Developing Retina. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:226. [PMID: 31607861 PMCID: PMC6761228 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
After integrating classic and cutting-edge research, we proposed a unified model that attempts to explain the key steps of mammalian retinal neurogenesis. We proposed that the Notch signaling-induced lateral inhibition mechanism promotes oscillatory expression of Hes1. Oscillating Hes1 inhibitory activity as a result leads to oscillatory expression of Notch signaling inhibitors, activators/inhibitors of retinal neuronal phenotypes, and cell cycle-promoting genes all within a retinal progenitor cell (RPC). We provided a mechanism explaining not only how oscillatory expression prevents the progenitor-to-precursor transition, but also how this transition happens. Our proposal of the mechanism posits that the levels of the above factors not only oscillate but also rise (with the exception of Hes1) as the factors accumulate within a progenitor. Depending on which factors accumulate fastest and reach the required supra-threshold levels (cell cycle activators or Notch signaling inhibitors), the progenitor either proliferates or begins to differentiate without any further proliferation when Notch signaling ceases. Thus, oscillatory gene expression may regulate an RPC's decision to proliferate or differentiate. Meanwhile, a post-mitotic precursor's selection of one retinal neuronal phenotype over many others depends on the expression level of key transcription factors (activators) required for each of these retinal neuronal phenotypes. Because the events described above are stochastic due to oscillatory gene expression and gene product inheritance from a mother RPC after its division, an RPC or precursor's decision requires the assignment of probabilities to specific outcomes in the selection process. While low and sustained (non-oscillatory) Notch signaling activity is required to promote the transition of retinal progenitors into various retinal neuronal phenotypes, we propose that the lateral inhibition mechanism, combined with high expression of the BMP signaling-induced Inhibitor of Differentiation (ID) protein family, promotes high and sustained (non-oscillatory) Hes1 and Hes5 expression. These events facilitate the transition of an RPC into the Müller glia (MG) phenotype at the late stage of retinal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Ivanov
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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11
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Amirteimouri S, Ashini M, Ramazanali F, Aflatoonian R, Afsharian P, Shahhoseini M. Epigenetic role of the nuclear factor NF-Y on ID gene family in endometrial tissues of women with endometriosis: a case control study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2019; 17:32. [PMID: 30876429 PMCID: PMC6419829 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-019-0476-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A predominant difference between endometrial and normal cells is higher proliferation rate in the former cells which is benign. The genes of inhibitor of differentiation (ID) family play a major role in cell proliferation regulation which might be targeted by the nuclear transcription factor Y (NF-Y) for subsequent epigenetic modifications through the CCAAT box regulatory region. The present study was designed to investigate the epigenetic role of NF-Y on ID gene family in endometrial tissue of patients with endometriosis. MATERIALS & METHODS In this case-control study, 20 patients with endometriosis and 20 normal women were examined for the relative expression of the NF-YA, NF-YB, NF-YC and ID genes by real-time PCR during the proliferative phase. The occupancy of NF-Y on CCAAT box region of ID genes was investigated using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) followed by real-time PCR. RESULTS The NF-YA was over-expressed in eutopic endometrium during the proliferative phase. Although the expression level of NF-YB and NF-YC were unchanged in eutopic samples, they were remarkably higher in ectopic group (P<0.05). The ID2 and ID3 genes were up-regulated in ectopic and eutopic tissues, however ID1 and ID4 genes were down-regulated in these samples (P<0.05). The ChIP analysis revealed significant enrichment of NF-Y on regulatory regions of ID2,3 genes in eutopic group, but reduced binding level of NF-Y to the ID1,3 promoters in ectopic specimens (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The ability of NF-Y to regulate ID genes via CCAAT box region suggests the possible role of NF-Y transcription factor in epigenetic changes in endometrial tissues which may open novel avenues in finding new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Amirteimouri
- Department of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
- Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, P.O. Box: 19395-4644, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, P.O. Box: 19395-4644, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manan Ashini
- Department of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, P.O. Box: 19395-4644, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Ramazanali
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Aflatoonian
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Afsharian
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, P.O. Box: 19395-4644, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shahhoseini
- Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, P.O. Box: 19395-4644, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, P.O. Box: 19395-4644, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Gou X, Tang Y, Qu Y, Xiao D, Ying J, Mu D. Could the inhibitor of DNA binding 2 and 4 play a role in white matter injury? Rev Neurosci 2019; 30:625-638. [PMID: 30738015 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
White matter injury (WMI) prevents the normal development of myelination, leading to central nervous system myelination disorders and the production of chronic sequelae associated with WMI, such as chronic dyskinesia, cognitive impairment and cerebral palsy. This results in a large emotional and socioeconomic burden. Decreased myelination in preterm infant WMI is associated with the delayed development or destruction of oligodendrocyte (OL) lineage cells, particularly oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). The development of cells from the OL lineage involves the migration, proliferation and different stages of OL differentiation, finally leading to myelination. A series of complex intrinsic, extrinsic and epigenetic factors regulate the OPC cell cycle withdrawal, OL lineage progression and myelination. We focus on the inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (ID2), because it is widely involved in the different stages of OL differentiation and genesis. ID2 is a key transcription factor for the normal development of OL lineage cells, and the pathogenesis of WMI is closely linked with OL developmental disorders. ID4, another family member of the IDs protein, also plays a similar role in OL differentiation and genesis. ID2 and ID4 belong to the helix-loop-helix family; they lack the DNA-binding sequences and inhibit oligodendrogenesis and OPC differentiation. In this review, we mainly discuss the roles of ID2 in OL development, especially during OPC differentiation, and summarize the ID2-mediated intracellular and extracellular signaling pathways that regulate these processes. We also discuss ID4 in relation to bone morphogenetic protein signaling and oligodendrogenesis. It is likely that these developmental mechanisms are also involved in the myelin repair or remyelination in human neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Gou
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dongqiong Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junjie Ying
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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13
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T'Jonck W, Guilliams M, Bonnardel J. Niche signals and transcription factors involved in tissue-resident macrophage development. Cell Immunol 2018; 330:43-53. [PMID: 29463401 PMCID: PMC6108424 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages form an essential part of the first line of defense in all tissues of the body. Next to their immunological role, they play an important role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Recently, it was shown that they are primarily of embryonic origin. During embryogenesis, precursors originating in the yolk sac and fetal liver colonize the embryonal tissues where they develop into mature tissue-resident macrophages. Their development is governed by two distinct sets of transcription factors. First, in the pre-macrophage stage, a core macrophage program is established by lineage-determining transcription factors. Under the influence of tissue-specific signals, this core program is refined by signal-dependent transcription factors. This nurturing by the niche allows the macrophages to perform tissue-specific functions. In the last 15 years, some of these niche signals and transcription factors have been identified. However, detailed insight in the exact mechanism of development is still lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter T'Jonck
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Ontogeny and Functional Specialization, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Martin Guilliams
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Ontogeny and Functional Specialization, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Johnny Bonnardel
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Ontogeny and Functional Specialization, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium.
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14
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Al-Thawadi H, Ghabreau L, Aboulkassim T, Yasmeen A, Vranic S, Batist G, Al Moustafa AE. Co-Incidence of Epstein-Barr Virus and High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses in Cervical Cancer of Syrian Women. Front Oncol 2018; 8:250. [PMID: 30035100 PMCID: PMC6043788 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been recently shown to be co-present with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) in human cervical cancer; thus, these oncoviruses play an important role in the initiation and/or progression of this cancer. Accordingly, our group has recently viewed the presence and genotyping distribution of high-risk HPVs in cervical cancer in Syrian women; our data pointed out that HPVs are present in 42/44 samples (95%). Herein, we aim to explore the co-prevalence of EBV and high-risk HPVs in 44 cervical cancer tissues from Syrian women using polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and tissue microarray analyses. We found that EBV and high-risk HPVs are co-present in 15/44 (34%) of the samples. However, none of the samples was exclusively EBV-positive. Additionally, we report that the co-expression of LMP1 and E6 genes of EBV and high-risk HPVs, respectively, is associated with poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas phenotype; this is accompanied by a strong and diffuse overexpression of Id-1 (93% positivity), which is an important regulator of cell invasion and metastasis. These data imply that EBV and HPVs are co-present in cervical cancer samples in the Middle East area including Syria and their co-presence is associated with a more aggressive cancer phenotype. Future investigations are needed to elucidate the exact role of EBV and HPVs cooperation in cervical carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lina Ghabreau
- Faculty of Medicine, Pathology Department, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.,Syrian Research Cancer Centre of the Syrian Society against Cancer, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Tahar Aboulkassim
- Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research of the Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amber Yasmeen
- Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research of the Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Semir Vranic
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gerald Batist
- Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research of the Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Oncology Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Syrian Research Cancer Centre of the Syrian Society against Cancer, Aleppo, Syria.,Oncology Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,College of Medicine and Biomedical Research Centre of Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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15
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Yanaki M, Kobayashi M, Aruga A, Nomura M, Ozaki M. In Vivo Antitumor Effects of MK615 Led by PD-L1 Downregulation. Integr Cancer Ther 2018; 17:646-653. [PMID: 29665734 PMCID: PMC6142083 DOI: 10.1177/1534735418766403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim: MK615 extracted from Prunus mume
was reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. In this article, we examined the
in vivo antitumor effect of MK615 (an extract from Japanese apricot) using mouse
tumor xenografts and focusing on the downregulation of PD-L1 (programmed
death-ligand 1), a ligand of programmed cell death-1, a surface protein of
activated T cells. Materials and Methods: B16/BL6 melanoma cells
were injected into C57BL/6 or BALB/c-nu/nu mice to establish lung metastasis.
BALB/c-nu/nu mice (nude mice) were used as a T cell–deficient model. The mice
were given MK615 or saline orally every other day for approximately 8 weeks, and
their survival was observed. NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) and PD-L1 expressions of
metastatic lung tissues were also examined. Results: The survival
rate was improved only in the MK615-treated C57BL/6 mice (P
< .05), not in the saline-given control mice or BALB/c-nu/nu mice. The
downregulations of NF-κB and PD-L1 were observed in both MK615-treated C57BL/6
and BALB/c-nu/nu mice. These results suggest that the antitumor effects of MK615
are associated with T cell–mediated immunity activated by MK-615-induced PD-L1
downregulation in tumor cells. Conclusion: MK615 is beneficial for
a prolonged host survival time in the B16/BL6 melanoma xenograft model
associated with T cell–mediated antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Makoto Ozaki
- 1 Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Park HR, Jung WW, Kim HS, Santini-Araujo E, Kalil RK, Bacchini P, Bertoni F, Unni KK, Park YK. Upregulation of the Oncogenic Helix-Loop-Helix Protein ID2 in Ewing Sarcoma. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/030089160609200309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aims and background Id helix-loop-helix proteins function as regulators of cell growth and differentiation. However, they can induce malignant transformation when overexpressed. The EWS/ETS chimeric proteins in Ewing sarcoma act as aberrant transcription factors leading to tumorigenic processes. An enhanced expression of the Id2 gene in Ewing sarcoma cells was previously shown by gene array techniques. We investigated the expression of Id2 at the protein and gene level in Ewing sarcoma. Methods We evaluated the expression of Id2 protein using immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens from a total of 71 cases of Ewing sarcoma. Additionally, a Ewing sarcoma cell line was examined by real-time quantitative PCR. Results Id2 expression was observed in 65 cases (91.5%) of the 71 total cases examined and a high level of Id2 expression was observed in 45 of these cases (63.8%). In tumor cells, Id2 proteins displayed cytoplasmic as well as nuclear localization. The amplification of the Id2 gene was not noted in a Ewing sarcoma cell line using real-time quantitative PCR. The crossing points of Id2 in the Ewing sarcoma cell line, control fibroblast, and osteosarcoma cell line were 18.54 ± 0.16, 18.25, and 18.34, respectively. Conclusions Our data support a role for increased Id2 protein expression in Ewing sarcoma. However, this overexpression of the Id2 protein could not be confirmed by a corresponding change at the gene level in a Ewing sarcoma cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Rim Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Ricardo K Kalil
- Rede SARAH de Hospitals do Aparelho, Locomotor, Bloco A-Area de Patologia, Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Patrizia Bacchini
- Servizio di Anatomia Patologica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Franco Bertoni
- Servizio di Anatomia Patologica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Yong-Koo Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Lee JH, Park SJ, Hariharasudhan G, Kim MJ, Jung SM, Jeong SY, Chang IY, Kim C, Kim E, Yu J, Bae S, You HJ. ID3 regulates the MDC1-mediated DNA damage response in order to maintain genome stability. Nat Commun 2017; 8:903. [PMID: 29026069 PMCID: PMC5638908 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01051-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MDC1 plays a critical role in the DNA damage response (DDR) by interacting directly with several factors including γ-H2AX. However, the mechanism by which MDC1 is recruited to damaged sites remains elusive. Here, we show that MDC1 interacts with a helix–loop–helix (HLH)-containing protein called inhibitor of DNA-binding 3 (ID3). In response to double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the genome, ATM phosphorylates ID3 at serine 65 within the HLH motif, and this modification allows a direct interaction with MDC1. Moreover, depletion of ID3 results in impaired formation of ionizing radiation (IR)-induced MDC1 foci, suppression of γ-H2AX-bound MDC1, impaired DSB repair, cellular hypersensitivity to IR, and genomic instability. Disruption of the MDC1–ID3 interaction prevents accumulation of MDC1 at sites of DSBs and suppresses DSB repair. Thus, our study uncovers an ID3-dependent mechanism of recruitment of MDC1 to DNA damage sites and suggests that the ID3–MDC1 interaction is crucial for DDR. MDC1 is a key component of the DNA damage response and interacts with several factors such as γ-H2AX. Here the authors show that MDC1 interacts with ID3, facilitating MDC1 recruitment to sites of damage and repair of breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hee Lee
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Cancer Therapeutics, Cancer Mutation Research Center, Chosun University School of medicine, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Chosun University School of medicine, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seon-Joo Park
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Cancer Therapeutics, Cancer Mutation Research Center, Chosun University School of medicine, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea.,Department of Premedical Sciences, Chosun University School of medicine, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Gurusamy Hariharasudhan
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Cancer Therapeutics, Cancer Mutation Research Center, Chosun University School of medicine, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Cancer Therapeutics, Cancer Mutation Research Center, Chosun University School of medicine, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Mi Jung
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Cancer Therapeutics, Cancer Mutation Research Center, Chosun University School of medicine, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Yeon Jeong
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Cancer Therapeutics, Cancer Mutation Research Center, Chosun University School of medicine, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Chosun University School of medicine, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Youb Chang
- Department of Anatomy, Chosun University School of medicine, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolhee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-dong, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-dong, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyeon Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsu Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin You
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Cancer Therapeutics, Cancer Mutation Research Center, Chosun University School of medicine, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Pharmacology, Chosun University School of medicine, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Micheli L, Ceccarelli M, Gioia R, D'Andrea G, Farioli-Vecchioli S, Costanzi M, Saraulli D, Cestari V, Tirone F. Terminal Differentiation of Adult Hippocampal Progenitor Cells Is a Step Functionally Dissociable from Proliferation and Is Controlled by Tis21, Id3 and NeuroD2. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:186. [PMID: 28740463 PMCID: PMC5502263 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell proliferation and differentiation are interdependent processes. Here, we have asked to what extent the two processes of neural progenitor cell amplification and differentiation are functionally separated. Thus, we analyzed whether it is possible to rescue a defect of terminal differentiation in progenitor cells of the dentate gyrus, where new neurons are generated throughout life, by inducing their proliferation and/or their differentiation with different stimuli appropriately timed. As a model we used the Tis21 knockout mouse, whose dentate gyrus neurons, as demonstrated by us and others, have an intrinsic defect of terminal differentiation. We first tested the effect of two proliferative as well as differentiative neurogenic stimuli, one pharmacological (fluoxetine), the other cognitive (the Morris water maze (MWM) training). Both effectively enhanced the number of new dentate gyrus neurons produced, and fluoxetine also reduced the S-phase length of Tis21 knockout dentate gyrus progenitor cells and increased the rate of differentiation of control cells, but neither factor enhanced the defective rate of differentiation. In contrast, the defect of terminal differentiation was fully rescued by in vivo infection of proliferating dentate gyrus progenitor cells with retroviruses either silencing Id3, an inhibitor of neural differentiation, or expressing NeuroD2, a proneural gene expressed in terminally differentiated dentate gyrus neurons. This is the first demonstration that NeuroD2 or the silencing of Id3 can activate the differentiation of dentate gyrus neurons, complementing a defect of differentiation. It also highlights how the rate of differentiation of dentate gyrus neurons is regulated genetically at several levels and that a neurogenic stimulus for amplification of neural stem/progenitor cells may not be sufficient in itself to modify this rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Micheli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS)Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Ceccarelli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS)Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Gioia
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS)Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio D'Andrea
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS)Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Farioli-Vecchioli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS)Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Costanzi
- Department of Human Sciences, Libera Università Maria SS. Assunta (LUMSA)Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Saraulli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS)Rome, Italy.,Department of Human Sciences, Libera Università Maria SS. Assunta (LUMSA)Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cestari
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza Università di RomaRome, Italy
| | - Felice Tirone
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS)Rome, Italy
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19
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Ebeid M, Sripal P, Pecka J, Beisel KW, Kwan K, Soukup GA. Transcriptome-wide comparison of the impact of Atoh1 and miR-183 family on pluripotent stem cells and multipotent otic progenitor cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180855. [PMID: 28686713 PMCID: PMC5501616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 5% of the global population suffers from disabling hearing loss caused by multiple factors including aging, noise exposure, genetic predisposition, or use of ototoxic drugs. Sensorineural hearing loss is often caused by the loss of sensory hair cells (HCs) of the inner ear. A barrier to hearing restoration after HC loss is the limited ability of mammalian auditory HCs to spontaneously regenerate. Understanding the molecular mechanisms orchestrating HC development is expected to facilitate cell replacement therapies. Multiple events are known to be essential for proper HC development including the expression of Atoh1 transcription factor and the miR-183 family. We have developed a series of vectors expressing the miR-183 family and/or Atoh1 that was used to transfect two different developmental cell models: pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and immortalized multipotent otic progenitor (iMOP) cells representing an advanced developmental stage. Transcriptome profiling of transfected cells show that the impact of Atoh1 is contextually dependent with more HC-specific effects on iMOP cells. miR-183 family expression in combination with Atoh1 not only appears to fine tune gene expression in favor of HC fate, but is also required for the expression of some HC-specific genes. Overall, the work provides novel insight into the combined role of Atoh1 and the miR-183 family during HC development that may ultimately inform strategies to promote HC regeneration or maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ebeid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Prashanth Sripal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Jason Pecka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Kirk W. Beisel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Kelvin Kwan
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, W. M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Garrett A. Soukup
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Shu DY, Wojciechowski MC, Lovicu FJ. Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7 Suppresses TGFβ2-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in the Lens: Implications for Cataract Prevention. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:781-796. [PMID: 28152139 PMCID: PMC5295783 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lens epithelial cells (LECs) is a key pathologic mechanism underlying cataract. Two members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) superfamily, TGFβ and bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) have functionally distinct roles in EMT. While TGFβ is a potent inducer of EMT, BMP-7 counteracts the fibrogenic activity of TGFβ. We examine the modulating effect of BMP-7 on TGFβ-induced EMT in LECs. Methods Rat lens epithelial explants were treated exogenously with TGFβ2 alone or in combination with BMP-7 for up to 5 days. Expression levels of E-cadherin, β-catenin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and phosphorylated downstream Smads were determined using immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to study gene expression levels of EMT markers and downstream BMP target genes, including the Inhibitors of differentiation (Id). Results Transforming growth factor-β2 induced LECs to transdifferentiate into myofibroblastic cells. Addition of BMP-7 suppressed TGFβ2-induced α-SMA protein levels and mesenchymal gene expression, with retention of E-cadherin and β-catenin expression to the cell membrane. Addition of BMP-7 prevented lens capsular wrinkling and cellular loss associated with TGFβ2-induced EMT over the 5-day treatment period. The inhibitory effect of BMP-7 was accompanied by an early induction of pSmad1/5 and suppression of TGFβ2-induced pSmad2/3. Treatment with TGFβ2 alone suppressed gene expression of Id2/3 and addition of BMP-7 restored Id2/3 expression. Conclusions Exogenous administration of BMP-7 abrogated TGFβ2-induced EMT in rat lens epithelial explants. Understanding the complex interplay between the TGFβ- and BMP-7–associated Smad signaling pathways and their downstream target genes holds therapeutic promise in cataract prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Y Shu
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 2Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Magdalena C Wojciechowski
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Frank J Lovicu
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 2Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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21
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Mody AA, Wordinger RJ, Clark AF. Role of ID Proteins in BMP4 Inhibition of Profibrotic Effects of TGF-β2 in Human TM Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:849-859. [PMID: 28159972 PMCID: PMC5295782 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Increased expression of TGF-β2 in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) aqueous humor (AH) and trabecular meshwork (TM) causes deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the TM and elevated IOP. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) regulate TGF-β2–induced ECM production. The underlying mechanism for BMP4 inhibition of TGF-β2–induced fibrosis remains undetermined. Bone morphogenic protein 4 induces inhibitor of DNA binding proteins (ID1, ID3), which suppress transcription factor activities to regulate gene expression. Our study will determine whether ID1and ID3 proteins are downstream targets of BMP4, which attenuates TGF-β2 induction of ECM proteins in TM cells. Methods Primary human TM cells were treated with BMP4, and ID1 and ID3 mRNA, and protein expression was determined by quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) and Western immunoblotting. Intracellular ID1 and ID3 protein localization was studied by immunocytochemistry. Transformed human TM cells (GTM3 cells) were transfected with ID1 or ID3 expression vectors to determine their potential inhibitory effects on TGF-β2–induced fibronectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-I (PAI-1) protein expression. Results Basal expression of ID1-3 was detected in primary human TM cells. Bone morphogenic protein 4 significantly induced early expression of ID1 and ID3 mRNA (P < 0.05) and protein in primary TM cells, and a BMP receptor inhibitor blocked this induction. Overexpression of ID1 and ID3 significantly inhibited TGF-β2–induced expression of fibronectin and PAI-1 in TM cells (P < 0.01). Conclusions Bone morphogenic protein 4 induced ID1 and ID3 expression suppresses TGF-β2 profibrotic activity in human TM cells. In the future, targeting specific regulators may control the TGF-β2 profibrotic effects on the TM, leading to disease modifying IOP lowering therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avani A Mody
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Robert J Wordinger
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Abbot F Clark
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
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22
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Abstract
Inhibitors of DNA binding and cell differentiation (Id) proteins are members of the large family of the helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factors, but they lack any DNA-binding motif. During development, the Id proteins play a key role in the regulation of cell-cycle progression and cell differentiation by modulating different cell-cycle regulators both by direct and indirect mechanisms. Several Id-protein interacting partners have been identified thus far, which belong to structurally and functionally unrelated families, including, among others, the class I and II bHLH transcription factors, the retinoblastoma protein and related pocket proteins, the paired-box transcription factors, and the S5a subunit of the 26 S proteasome. Although the HLH domain of the Id proteins is involved in most of their protein-protein interaction events, additional motifs located in their N-terminal and C-terminal regions are required for the recognition of diverse protein partners. The ability of the Id proteins to interact with structurally different proteins is likely to arise from their conformational flexibility: indeed, these proteins contain intrinsically disordered regions that, in the case of the HLH region, undergo folding upon self- or heteroassociation. Besides their crucial role for cell-fate determination and cell-cycle progression during development, other important cellular events have been related to the Id-protein expression in a number of pathologies. Dysregulated Id-protein expression has been associated with tumor growth, vascularization, invasiveness, metastasis, chemoresistance and stemness, as well as with various developmental defects and diseases. Herein we provide an overview on the structural properties, mode of action, biological function and therapeutic potential of these regulatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Roschger
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Chiara Cabrele
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, Salzburg, 5020, Austria.
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23
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Roschger C, Cabrele C. The Id-protein family in developmental and cancer-associated pathways. Cell Commun Signal 2017; 15:7. [PMID: 28122577 PMCID: PMC5267474 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-016-0161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of DNA binding and cell differentiation (Id) proteins are members of the large family of the helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factors, but they lack any DNA-binding motif. During development, the Id proteins play a key role in the regulation of cell-cycle progression and cell differentiation by modulating different cell-cycle regulators both by direct and indirect mechanisms. Several Id-protein interacting partners have been identified thus far, which belong to structurally and functionally unrelated families, including, among others, the class I and II bHLH transcription factors, the retinoblastoma protein and related pocket proteins, the paired-box transcription factors, and the S5a subunit of the 26 S proteasome. Although the HLH domain of the Id proteins is involved in most of their protein-protein interaction events, additional motifs located in their N-terminal and C-terminal regions are required for the recognition of diverse protein partners. The ability of the Id proteins to interact with structurally different proteins is likely to arise from their conformational flexibility: indeed, these proteins contain intrinsically disordered regions that, in the case of the HLH region, undergo folding upon self- or heteroassociation. Besides their crucial role for cell-fate determination and cell-cycle progression during development, other important cellular events have been related to the Id-protein expression in a number of pathologies. Dysregulated Id-protein expression has been associated with tumor growth, vascularization, invasiveness, metastasis, chemoresistance and stemness, as well as with various developmental defects and diseases. Herein we provide an overview on the structural properties, mode of action, biological function and therapeutic potential of these regulatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Roschger
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Chiara Cabrele
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, Salzburg, 5020, Austria.
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Chandrasekaran AP, Suresh B, Kim HH, Kim KS, Ramakrishna S. Concise Review: Fate Determination of Stem Cells by Deubiquitinating Enzymes. Stem Cells 2016; 35:9-16. [PMID: 27341175 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modification by ubiquitin molecules is a key regulatory process for stem cell fate determination. Ubiquitination and deubiquitination are the major cellular processes used to balance the protein turnover of several transcription factors that regulate stem cell differentiation. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), which facilitate the processing of ubiquitin, significantly influence stem cell fate choices. Specifically, DUBs play a critical regulatory role during development by directing the production of new specialized cells. This review focuses on the regulatory role of DUBs in various cellular processes, including stem cell pluripotency and differentiation, adult stem cell signaling, cellular reprogramming, spermatogenesis, and oogenesis. Specifically, the identification of interactions of DUBs with core transcription factors has provided new insight into the role of DUBs in regulating stem cell fate determination. Thus, DUBs have emerged as key pharmacologic targets in the search to develop highly specific agents to treat various illnesses. Stem Cells 2017;35:9-16.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bharathi Suresh
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Korea 21 plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyongbum Henry Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Korea 21 plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.,College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.,College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
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25
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Moeinvaziri F, Shahhoseini M. Epigenetic role of CCAAT box-binding transcription factor NF-Y on ID gene family in human embryonic carcinoma cells. IUBMB Life 2015; 67:880-7. [PMID: 26509926 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) is a histone substitute protein that specifically binds to the CCAAT box of the target genes and thereby promotes their regulation. NF-Y transcription factor, with defined CCAAT element-binding activities, target a gene family that encodes a group of basic helix-loop-helix ID factors (ID1-ID4), with or without CCAAT box at their promoter region. In this study, the expressions of NF-Y in mRNA and protein level were evaluated in a human embryonic carcinoma cell line, named NTera2, before and after 7 days induction of differentiation. We also looked into expression levels of ID genes in NTera2 cells during differentiation because of their critical role in development. By using chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with real-time polymerase chain reaction, NF-Y incorporation and acetylation/dimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9ac/me2) was quantitatively evaluated on the regulatory regions of considered genes to monitor the changes in epigenetic markers at ID gene promoters throughout differentiation. The results demonstrated a marked down-regulation of ID1, ID2, and ID3 genes, parallel to a loss of NF-Y binding to the promoters of these genes. The data show that although the genes encoding NF-Y complex remained expressed at mRNA level, NF-YC is lost at the protein level onset of differentiation. Additionally, the epigenetic marks of H3K9ac and H3K9me2 at the target gene promoters decreased and increased, respectively, after 1 day of differentiation. It is suggested that, in the absence of NF-Y binding, the corresponding regions adopt a heterochromatic nature, whereas when NF-Y comes back after 7 days of differentiation, the ID1-3 promoters become again converted into active chromatin. The ID4 gene, lacking a CCAAT box, behaves differently and does not show any incorporation. This experiment implies for the first time that the presence of NF-Y transcription factor plays a pivotal role in transcriptional regulation of ID genes in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Moeinvaziri
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shahhoseini
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Abstract
Id (DNA binding and/or differentiation) proteins occur physiologically during ontogenesis and negatively regulate the activity of other helix-loop-helix (HLH) proteins. Id2 protein causes block of cells differentiation in the S phase of the cell cycle and regulates the activity of Rb protein. The role of Id2 protein in physiological cell cycle progression and in neuroblastoma (NBL) pathogenesis was proposed by Lasorella. The aim of the study was evaluation of Id2 expression and its prognostic significance in NBL cells coming from primary tumors and evaluation of its prognostic significance, and correlation of Id2 expression with known prognostic factors. Sixty patients with primary NBL treated from 1991 to 2005 were included in the analysis. We found 50 patients with high and 10 patients with low intensity of Id2 expression. The median percentage of NBL cells with Id2 expression was 88 %. We found no correlation between the number of NBL cells or the intensity of Id2 expression and OS and DFS. In patients with stage 4 NBL, almost all patients had high expression of Id2 and it was significantly more common than in other disease stages (p = 0,03). We found no correlation between Id2 expression and other known prognostic factor in NBL patients. We assume that Id2 is not prognostic factor. However, due to its abundant expression in most of NBL cells and its role in cell cycle, it may be potential therapeutic target. Exact knowledge of expression time may be helpful in explaining mechanisms of oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Wieczorek
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Polish-American Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland,
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27
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Micheli L, Ceccarelli M, Farioli-Vecchioli S, Tirone F. Control of the Normal and Pathological Development of Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells by the PC3/Tis21/Btg2 and Btg1 Genes. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2881-90. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Micheli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology; National Research Council; Fondazione S.Lucia Rome Italy
| | - Manuela Ceccarelli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology; National Research Council; Fondazione S.Lucia Rome Italy
| | - Stefano Farioli-Vecchioli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology; National Research Council; Fondazione S.Lucia Rome Italy
| | - Felice Tirone
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology; National Research Council; Fondazione S.Lucia Rome Italy
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28
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Biyajima K, Kakizaki F, Shen X, Mori K, Sugai M, Taketo MM, Yokota Y. Id2 deletion attenuates Apc-deficient ileal tumor formation. Biol Open 2015; 4:993-1001. [PMID: 26163528 PMCID: PMC4542283 DOI: 10.1242/bio.012252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression level of inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2) is increased in colorectal carcinomas and is positively correlated with poor prognosis. However, the functional significance of Id2 in intestinal tumorigenesis has not been fully defined using genetic approaches. Here, we show that Id2 promotes ileal tumor initiation in Apc-deficient mice. Expression of Id2 was stimulated by Wnt signaling through the enhancer region of the Id2 promoter at the early stage of tumorigenesis in Apc+/Δ716 (ApcΔ716) mice. Genetic depletion of Id2 in ApcΔ716 mice caused ∼80% reduction in the number of ileal polyps, but had little effect on tumor size. Notably, the lack of Id2 increased the number of apoptotic cells in the normal crypt epithelium of the mice. Furthermore, DNA microarray analysis revealed that the expression level of Max dimerization protein 1 (Mxd1), known as a c-Myc antagonist, was specifically increased by Id2 deletion in the ileal intestinal epithelium of ApcΔ716 mice. In contrast, the protein level of c-Myc, but not the mRNA level, was decreased by loss of Id2 in these mice. These results indicate that loss of Id2 inhibits tumor initiation by up-regulation of Mxd1 and down-regulation of c-Myc in ApcΔ716 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Biyajima
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformative Sciences, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Kakizaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoé-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Xiaodong Shen
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformative Sciences, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Kentaro Mori
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformative Sciences, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Manabu Sugai
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformative Sciences, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - M Mark Taketo
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoé-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Yokota
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformative Sciences, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
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29
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Diotel N, Beil T, Strähle U, Rastegar S. Differential expression of id genes and their potential regulator znf238 in zebrafish adult neural progenitor cells and neurons suggests distinct functions in adult neurogenesis. Gene Expr Patterns 2015; 19:1-13. [PMID: 26107416 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Teleost fish display a remarkable ability to generate new neurons and to repair brain lesions during adulthood. They are, therefore, a very popular model to investigate the molecular mechanisms of constitutive and induced neurogenesis in adult vertebrates. In this study, we investigated the expression patterns of inhibitor of DNA binding (id) genes and of their potential transcriptional repressor, znf238, in the whole brain of adult zebrafish. We show that while id1 is exclusively expressed in ventricular cells in the whole brain, id2a, id3 and id4 genes are expressed in broader areas. Interestingly, znf238 was also detected in these regions, its expression overlapping with id2a, id3 and id4 expression. Further detailed characterization of the id-expressing cells demonstrated that (a) id1 is expressed in type 1 and type 2 neural progenitors as previously published, (b) id2a in type 1, 2 and 3 neural progenitors, (c) id3 in type 3 neural progenitors and (d) id4 in postmitotic neurons. Our data provide a detailed map of id and znf238 expression in the brain of adult zebrafish, supplying a framework for studies of id genes function during adult neurogenesis and brain regeneration in the zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Diotel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Nord, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe, Germany; Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, F-97490, France; Université de La Réunion, UMR 1188, Sainte-Clotilde, F-97490, France.
| | - Tanja Beil
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Nord, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Uwe Strähle
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Nord, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sepand Rastegar
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Nord, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Neural Progenitor Cells Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells as an Origin of Dopaminergic Neurons. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:647437. [PMID: 26064138 PMCID: PMC4430666 DOI: 10.1155/2015/647437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are able to proliferate in vitro indefinitely without losing their ability to differentiate into multiple cell types upon exposure to appropriate signals. Particularly, the ability of hESCs to differentiate into neuronal subtypes is fundamental to develop cell-based therapies for several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease. In this study, we differentiated hESCs to dopaminergic neurons via an intermediate stage, neural progenitor cells (NPCs). hESCs were induced to neural progenitor cells by Dorsomorphin, a small molecule that inhibits BMP signalling. The resulting neural progenitor cells exhibited neural bipolarity with high expression of neural progenitor genes and possessed multipotential differentiation ability. CBF1 and bFGF responsiveness of these hES-NP cells suggested their similarity to embryonic neural progenitor cells. A substantial number of dopaminergic neurons were derived from hES-NP cells upon supplementation of FGF8 and SHH, key dopaminergic neuron inducers. Importantly, multiple markers of midbrain neurons were detected, including NURR1, PITX3, and EN1, suggesting that hESC-derived dopaminergic neurons attained the midbrain identity. Altogether, this work underscored the generation of neural progenitor cells that retain the properties of embryonic neural progenitor cells. These cells will serve as an unlimited source for the derivation of dopaminergic neurons, which might be applicable for treating patients with Parkinson's disease.
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Manrique I, Nguewa P, Bleau AM, Nistal-Villan E, Lopez I, Villalba M, Gil-Bazo I, Calvo A. The inhibitor of differentiation isoform Id1b, generated by alternative splicing, maintains cell quiescence and confers self-renewal and cancer stem cell-like properties. Cancer Lett 2014; 356:899-909. [PMID: 25449776 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Id1 has been shown to play a critical role in tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. Moreover, recent reports have involved Id1 in the maintenance of cancer stem cell features in some tumor types. The Id1 gene generates two isoforms through alternative splicing: Id1a and Id1b. We have investigated the role of each isoform in cancer development. Using lentiviral systems we modified the endogenous expression of each of these isoforms in cancer cells and analyzed their biological effect both in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of Id1b in murine CT26 and 3LL cells caused a G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and reduced proliferation, clonogenicity and phospho-ERK1/2 levels, while increasing p27 levels. High levels of Id1a had an opposite effect and the proportion of cells in the S phase increased significantly. In vivo models confirmed the inhibitory role of Id1b in primary tumor growth and metastasis. Through microarray analysis we found that the cancer stem cell (CSC) markers ALDH1A1 and Notch-1 were up-regulated specifically in Id1b-overexpressing cells. By using qPCR we also found overexpression of Sca-1, Tert, Sox-2 and Oct-4 in these cells. Increased levels of Id1b promoted self-renewal and CSC-like properties, as shown by their high capacity for developing secondary tumorspheres and retaining the PKH26 dye. The acquisition of CSC phenotype was confirmed in human PC-3 cells that overexpressed Id1b. Our results show that Id1b maintains cells in a quiescent state and promotes self-renewal and CSC-like features. On the contrary, Id1a promotes cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Manrique
- Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Paul Nguewa
- Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Tropical and Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Anne-Marie Bleau
- Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Estanislao Nistal-Villan
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ines Lopez
- Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Villalba
- Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Histology and Pathology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Gil-Bazo
- Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Oncology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alfonso Calvo
- Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Histology and Pathology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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Chera S, Baronnier D, Ghila L, Cigliola V, Jensen JN, Gu G, Furuyama K, Thorel F, Gribble FM, Reimann F, Herrera PL. Diabetes recovery by age-dependent conversion of pancreatic δ-cells into insulin producers. Nature 2014; 514:503-7. [PMID: 25141178 PMCID: PMC4209186 DOI: 10.1038/nature13633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Total or near-total loss of insulin-producing β-cells occurs in type 1 diabetes. Restoration of insulin production in type 1 diabetes is thus a major medical challenge. We previously observed in mice in which β-cells are completely ablated that the pancreas reconstitutes new insulin-producing cells in the absence of autoimmunity. The process involves the contribution of islet non-β-cells; specifically, glucagon-producing α-cells begin producing insulin by a process of reprogramming (transdifferentiation) without proliferation. Here we show the influence of age on β-cell reconstitution from heterologous islet cells after near-total β-cell loss in mice. We found that senescence does not alter α-cell plasticity: α-cells can reprogram to produce insulin from puberty through to adulthood, and also in aged individuals, even a long time after β-cell loss. In contrast, before puberty there is no detectable α-cell conversion, although β-cell reconstitution after injury is more efficient, always leading to diabetes recovery. This process occurs through a newly discovered mechanism: the spontaneous en masse reprogramming of somatostatin-producing δ-cells. The juveniles display 'somatostatin-to-insulin' δ-cell conversion, involving dedifferentiation, proliferation and re-expression of islet developmental regulators. This juvenile adaptability relies, at least in part, upon the combined action of FoxO1 and downstream effectors. Restoration of insulin producing-cells from non-β-cell origins is thus enabled throughout life via δ- or α-cell spontaneous reprogramming. A landscape with multiple intra-islet cell interconversion events is emerging, offering new perspectives for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Chera
- Department of Genetic Medicine &Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva-4, Switzerland
| | - Delphine Baronnier
- Department of Genetic Medicine &Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva-4, Switzerland
| | - Luiza Ghila
- Department of Genetic Medicine &Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva-4, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Cigliola
- Department of Genetic Medicine &Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva-4, Switzerland
| | - Jan N Jensen
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Niels Steensens Vej 6, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Guoqiang Gu
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 465 21st Av. South, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Kenichiro Furuyama
- Department of Genetic Medicine &Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva-4, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Thorel
- Department of Genetic Medicine &Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva-4, Switzerland
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Frank Reimann
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Pedro L Herrera
- Department of Genetic Medicine &Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva-4, Switzerland
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Chaffin CL, Latham KE, Mtango NR, Midic U, VandeVoort CA. Dietary sugar in healthy female primates perturbs oocyte maturation and in vitro preimplantation embryo development. Endocrinology 2014; 155:2688-95. [PMID: 24731100 PMCID: PMC4060180 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of refined sugars continues to pose a significant health risk. However, nearly nothing is known about the effects of sugar intake by healthy women on the oocyte or embryo. Using rhesus monkeys, we show that low-dose sucrose intake over a 6-month period has an impact on the oocyte with subsequent effects on the early embryo. The ability of oocytes to resume meiosis was significantly impaired, although the differentiation of the somatic component of the ovarian follicle into progesterone-producing cells was not altered. Although the small subset of oocytes that did mature were able to be fertilized in vitro and develop into preimplantation blastocysts, there were >1100 changes in blastocyst gene expression. Because sucrose treatment ended before fertilization, the effects of sugar intake by healthy primates are concluded to be epigenetic modifications to the immature oocyte that are manifest in the preimplantation embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles L Chaffin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (C.L.C.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21210; Department of Animal Science (K.E.L., U.M.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824; The Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry (N.R.M.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140; and California National Primate Research Center and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.A.V.), University of California, Davis, California 95616
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Sachs C, Robinson BD, Andres Martin L, Webster T, Gilbert M, Lo HY, Rafii S, Ng CK, Seandel M. Evaluation of candidate spermatogonial markers ID4 and GPR125 in testes of adult human cadaveric organ donors. Andrology 2014; 2:607-14. [PMID: 24902969 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2014.00226.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The optimal markers for human spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are not known. Among the genes recently linked to SSCs in mice and other animals are the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor ID4 and the orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR125. While ID4 and GPR125 are considered putative markers for SSCs, they have not been evaluated for coexpression in human tissue. Furthermore, neither the size nor the character of the human spermatogonial populations that express ID4 and GPR125, respectively, are known. A major barrier to addressing these questions is the availability of healthy adult testis tissue from donors with no known reproductive health problems. To overcome this obstacle, we have employed healthy testicular tissue from a novel set of organ donors (n = 16; aged 17-68 years) who were undergoing post-mortem clinical organ procurement. Using immunolabelling, we found that ID4 and GPR125 are expressed on partially overlapping spermatogonial populations and are more broadly expressed in the normal adult human testis. In addition, we found that expression of ID4 remained stable during ageing. These findings suggest that ID4 and GPR125 could be efficacious for identifying previously unrecognized human spermatogonial subpopulations in conjunction with other putative human stem cell markers, both in younger and older donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sachs
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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35
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Developmental and pathological angiogenesis in the central nervous system. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:3489-506. [PMID: 24760128 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels, in the central nervous system (CNS) is seen both as a normal physiological response as well as a pathological step in disease progression. Formation of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an essential step in physiological CNS angiogenesis. The BBB is regulated by a neurovascular unit (NVU) consisting of endothelial and perivascular cells as well as vascular astrocytes. The NVU plays a critical role in preventing entry of neurotoxic substances and regulation of blood flow in the CNS. In recent years, research on numerous acquired and hereditary disorders of the CNS has increasingly emphasized the role of angiogenesis in disease pathophysiology. Here, we discuss molecular mechanisms of CNS angiogenesis during embryogenesis as well as various pathological states including brain tumor formation, ischemic stroke, arteriovenous malformations, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Farioli-Vecchioli S, Ceccarelli M, Saraulli D, Micheli L, Cannas S, D'Alessandro F, Scardigli R, Leonardi L, Cinà I, Costanzi M, Mattera A, Cestari V, Tirone F. Tis21 is required for adult neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and for olfactory behavior regulating cyclins, BMP4, Hes1/5 and Ids. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:98. [PMID: 24744701 PMCID: PMC3977348 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) and the Notch pathway regulate quiescence and self-renewal of stem cells of the subventricular zone (SVZ), an adult neurogenic niche. Here we analyze the role at the intersection of these pathways of Tis21 (Btg2/PC3), a gene regulating proliferation and differentiation of adult SVZ stem and progenitor cells. In Tis21-null SVZ and cultured neurospheres, we observed a strong decrease in the expression of BMP4 and its effectors Smad1/8, while the Notch anti-neural mediators Hes1/5 and the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) inhibitors Id1-3 increased. Consistently, expression of the proneural bHLH gene NeuroD1 decreased. Moreover, cyclins D1/2, A2, and E were strongly up-regulated. Thus, in the SVZ Tis21 activates the BMP pathway and inhibits the Notch pathway and the cell cycle. Correspondingly, the Tis21-null SVZ stem cells greatly increased; nonetheless, the proliferating neuroblasts diminished, whereas the post-mitotic neuroblasts paradoxically accumulated in SVZ, failing to migrate along the rostral migratory stream to the olfactory bulb. The ability, however, of neuroblasts to migrate from SVZ explants was not affected, suggesting that Tis21-null neuroblasts do not migrate to the olfactory bulb because of a defect in terminal differentiation. Notably, BMP4 addition or Id3 silencing rescued the defective differentiation observed in Tis21-null neurospheres, indicating that they mediate the Tis21 pro-differentiative action. The reduced number of granule neurons in the Tis21-null olfactory bulb led to a defect in olfactory detection threshold, without effect on olfactory memory, also suggesting that within olfactory circuits new granule neurons play a primary role in odor sensitivity rather than in memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Farioli-Vecchioli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Ceccarelli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Saraulli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Micheli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Cannas
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome, Italy ; Department of Psychology and "Daniel Bovet" Center, Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca D'Alessandro
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome, Italy ; Department of Psychology and "Daniel Bovet" Center, Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Scardigli
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Fondazione EBRI Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Leonardi
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Cinà
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Costanzi
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome, Italy ; Libera Università Maria Sartissima Assunta Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Mattera
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cestari
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome, Italy ; Department of Psychology and "Daniel Bovet" Center, Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Felice Tirone
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome, Italy
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Mathew D, Zhou P, Pywell CM, van der Veen DR, Shao J, Xi Y, Bonar NA, Hummel AD, Chapman S, Leevy WM, Duffield GE. Ablation of the ID2 gene results in altered circadian feeding behavior, and sex-specific enhancement of insulin sensitivity and elevated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73064. [PMID: 24023810 PMCID: PMC3759459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (ID2) is a helix-loop-helix transcriptional repressor rhythmically expressed in many adult tissues. Our earlier studies have demonstrated a role for ID2 in the input pathway, core clock function and output pathways of the mouse circadian system. We have also reported that Id2 null (Id2−/−) mice are lean with low gonadal white adipose tissue deposits and lower lipid content in the liver. These results coincided with altered or disrupted circadian expression profiles of liver genes including those involved in lipid metabolism. In the present phenotypic study we intended to decipher, on a sex-specific basis, the role of ID2 in glucose metabolism and in the circadian regulation of activity, important components of energy balance. We find that Id2−/− mice exhibited altered daily and circadian rhythms of feeding and locomotor activity; activity profiles extended further into the late night/dark phase of the 24-hr cycle, despite mice showing reduced total locomotor activity. Also, male Id2−/− mice consumed a greater amount of food relative to body mass, and displayed less weight gain. Id2−/− females had smaller adipocytes, suggesting sexual-dimorphic programing of adipogenesis. We observed increased glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in male Id2−/− mice, which was exacerbated in older animals. FDG-PET analysis revealed increased glucose uptake by skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue of male Id2−/− mice, suggesting increased glucose metabolism and thermogenesis in these tissues. Reductions in intramuscular triacylglycerol and diacylglycerol were detected in male Id2−/− mice, highlighting its possible mechanistic role in enhanced insulin sensitivity in these mice. Our findings indicate a role for ID2 as a regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism, and in the circadian control of feeding/locomotor behavior; and contribute to the understanding of the development of obesity and diabetes, particularly in shift work personnel among whom incidence of such metabolic disorders is elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Mathew
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Cameron M. Pywell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Daan R. van der Veen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jinping Shao
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Yang Xi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Nicolle A. Bonar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Alyssa D. Hummel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Sarah Chapman
- Notre Dame Integrated Imaging Facility, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - W. Matthew Leevy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- Notre Dame Integrated Imaging Facility, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Giles E. Duffield
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Plemel JR, Manesh SB, Sparling JS, Tetzlaff W. Myelin inhibits oligodendroglial maturation and regulates oligodendrocytic transcription factor expression. Glia 2013; 61:1471-87. [PMID: 23839973 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myelin loss is a hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS) and promoting central nervous system myelin repair has become a major therapeutic target. Despite the presence of oligodendrocytes precursors cells (OPCs) in chronic lesions of MS, remyelination often fails. The mechanism underlying this failure of remyelination remains unknown, but it is hypothesized that environmental cues act to inhibit the maturation/differentiation of oligodendroglia, preventing remyelination. The rate of CNS remyelination is correlated to the speed of phagocytosis of myelin debris, which is present following demyelination and trauma. Thus, myelin debris could inhibit CNS remyelination. Here, we demonstrate that OPCs cultured on myelin were robustly inhibited in their maturation, as characterized by the decreased expression of immature and mature oligodendrocytes markers, the impaired production of myelin gene products, as well as their stalled morphological complexity relative to OPCs cultured on a control substrate. OPCs in contact with myelin stopped proliferating and decreased the expression of OPC markers to a comparable degree as cells grown on a control substrate. The expression of two transcription factors known to prevent OPC differentiation and maturation were increased in cells that were in contact with myelin: inhibitor of differentiation family (ID) members 2 and 4. Overexpression of ID2 and ID4 in OPCs was previously reported to decrease the percentage of cells expressing mature oligodendrocyte markers. However, knockdown of ID2 and/or ID4 in OPCs did not increase oligodendroglial maturation on or off of myelin, suggesting that contact with myelin regulates additional regulatory elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Plemel
- ICORD (International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Mizeracka K, DeMaso CR, Cepko CL. Notch1 is required in newly postmitotic cells to inhibit the rod photoreceptor fate. Development 2013; 140:3188-97. [PMID: 23824579 DOI: 10.1242/dev.090696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Several models of cell fate determination can be invoked to explain how single retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) produce different cell types in a terminal division. To gain insight into this process, the effects of the removal of a cell fate regulator, Notch1, were studied in newly postmitotic cells using a conditional allele of Notch1 (N1-CKO) in mice. Almost all newly postmitotic N1-CKO cells became rod photoreceptors, whereas wild-type (WT) cells achieved a variety of fates. Single cell profiling of wild-type and N1-CKO retinal cells transitioning from progenitor to differentiated states revealed differential expression of inhibitor of DNA binding factors Id1 and Id3, as well as Notch-regulated ankyrin repeat protein (Nrarp). Misexpression of Id1 and Id3 was found to be sufficient to drive production of Müller glial cells and/or RPCs. Moreover, Id1 and Id3 were shown to partially rescue the production of bipolar and Müller glial cells in the absence of Notch1 in mitotic and newly postmitotic cells. Misexpression of Nrarp, a downstream target gene and inhibitor of the Notch signaling pathway, resulted in the overproduction of rod photoreceptors at the expense of Müller glial cells. These data demonstrate that cell fate decisions can be made in newly postmitotic retinal cells, and reveal some of the regulators downstream of Notch1 that influence the choice of rod and non-rod fates. Taken together, our results begin to address how different signals downstream from a common pathway lead to different fate outcomes.
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Strong N, Millena AC, Walker L, Chaudhary J, Khan SA. Inhibitor of differentiation 1 (Id1) and Id3 proteins play different roles in TGFβ effects on cell proliferation and migration in prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2013; 73:624-33. [PMID: 23060149 PMCID: PMC4018743 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In prostate cancer cells, transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) inhibits proliferation in earlier stages of the disease; however, the cancer cells become refractory to growth inhibitory effects in advanced stages where TGFβ promotes cancer progression and metastasis. Inhibitor of differentiation (Id) family of closely related proteins (Id1-Id4) are dominant negative regulators and basic helix loop helix (bHLH) transcription factors and in general promote proliferation, and inhibit differentiation. In the present study, we have investigated the role of Id1 and Id3 proteins in the growth inhibitory effects of TGFβ on prostate cancer cells. METHODS The effect of TGF β on proliferation and Id1 and Id3 expression were investigated in PZ-HPV7, DU145, and PC3 cells. Id1 silencing through siRNA was also used in DU145 and PC3 cells to examine its role in anti-proliferative and migratory effects of TGFβ. RESULTS TGFβ increased expression of Id1 and Id3 in all cell lines followed by a later down regulation of Id1 in PZ-HPV7 expression and DU145 cells but not in PC3 cells. Id3 expression remained elevated in all three cell lines. This loss of Id1 protein correlated with an increase of CDKNI p21. Id1 knockdown in both DU145 and PC3 cells resulted in decreased proliferation. However, while TGFβ caused a further decrease in proliferation of DU145, but had no further effects in PC3 cells. Knockdown of Id1 or Id3 inhibited TGFβ1induced migration in PC3 cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest an essential role of Id1 and Id3 in TGFβ1 effects on proliferation and migration in prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shafiq A. Khan
- Correspondence to: Shafiq A. Khan, PhD, Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, 223 James P. Brawley Dr, SW, Atlanta, GA 30314.
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Neves J, Vachkov I, Giraldez F. Sox2 regulation of hair cell development: incoherence makes sense. Hear Res 2013; 297:20-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Peñagaricano F, Weigel KA, Rosa GJM, Khatib H. Inferring quantitative trait pathways associated with bull fertility from a genome-wide association study. Front Genet 2013; 3:307. [PMID: 23335935 PMCID: PMC3542705 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2012.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome association studies typically focus on genetic markers with the strongest evidence of association. However, single markers often explain only a small component of the genetic variance and hence offer a limited understanding of the trait under study. As such, the objective of this study was to perform a pathway-based association analysis in Holstein dairy cattle in order to identify relevant pathways involved in bull fertility. The results of a single-marker association analysis, using 1,755 bulls with sire conception rate data and genotypes for 38,650 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), were used in this study. A total of 16,819 annotated genes, including 2,767 significantly associated with bull fertility, were used to interrogate a total of 662 Gene Ontology (GO) terms and 248 InterPro (IP) entries using a test of proportions based on the cumulative hypergeometric distribution. After multiple-testing correction, 20 GO categories and one IP entry showed significant overrepresentation of genes statistically associated with bull fertility. Several of these functional categories such as small GTPases mediated signal transduction, neurogenesis, calcium ion binding, and cytoskeleton are known to be involved in biological processes closely related to male fertility. These results could provide insight into the genetic architecture of this complex trait in dairy cattle. In addition, this study shows that quantitative trait pathways inferred from single-marker analyses could enhance our interpretations of the results of genome-wide association studies.
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Tashiro K, Omori M, Kawabata K, Hirata N, Yamaguchi T, Sakurai F, Takaki S, Mizuguchi H. Inhibition of Lnk in Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Promotes Hematopoietic Cell Generation. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:3381-90. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhisa Tashiro
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miyuki Omori
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawabata
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Biomedical Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobue Hirata
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sakurai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takaki
- Department of Immune Regulation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- The Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Li H, Cai Y, Xie P, Chen J, Hao L, Li G, Xiong Q. Identification and expression profile of Id1 in bighead carp in response to microcystin-LR. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 34:324-333. [PMID: 22683524 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 04/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MCLR) is a widespread cyanotoxin produced in algal blooms, and has potent hepatotoxicity and tumor-promoting activity. We cloned the full-length cDNA of Id1 in bighead carp. The full-length Id1 cDNA was 954bp and contained a 387bp ORF. Bighead carp Id1 shared high identity with zebrafish Id1 amino acid sequence, and phylogenetic analysis showed that teleost Id1 evolved closely. Bighead carp Id1 constitutively expressed in all tested tissues in normal. When tested at two different time points post exposure and at 3 different MCLR doses, Id1 expression increased in a time-dependent pattern, and Id1 expression in brain was very sensitive to MCLR exposure. The present study will help us to understand more about the evolution of Id1 molecule and its role in the MCLR induced cell differentiation and cancer promoting in bighead carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Li
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Yan Cai
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Ping Xie
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
| | - Jun Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Le Hao
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Guangyu Li
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Qian Xiong
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
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Clarke SL, VanderMeer JE, Wenger AM, Schaar BT, Ahituv N, Bejerano G. Human developmental enhancers conserved between deuterostomes and protostomes. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002852. [PMID: 22876195 PMCID: PMC3410860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of homologies, whether morphological, molecular, or genetic, is fundamental to our understanding of common biological principles. Homologies bridging the great divide between deuterostomes and protostomes have served as the basis for current models of animal evolution and development. It is now appreciated that these two clades share a common developmental toolkit consisting of conserved transcription factors and signaling pathways. These patterning genes sometimes show common expression patterns and genetic interactions, suggesting the existence of similar or even conserved regulatory apparatus. However, previous studies have found no regulatory sequence conserved between deuterostomes and protostomes. Here we describe the first such enhancers, which we call bilaterian conserved regulatory elements (Bicores). Bicores show conservation of sequence and gene synteny. Sequence conservation of Bicores reflects conserved patterns of transcription factor binding sites. We predict that Bicores act as response elements to signaling pathways, and we show that Bicores are developmental enhancers that drive expression of transcriptional repressors in the vertebrate central nervous system. Although the small number of identified Bicores suggests extensive rewiring of cis-regulation between the protostome and deuterostome clades, additional Bicores may be revealed as our understanding of cis-regulatory logic and sample of bilaterian genomes continue to grow. Flies and worms have long served as valuable model organisms for the study of human development and health. Despite the great morphological and evolutionary distance between them, humans, flies, and worms share many commonalities. Each develops from three major germ layers and is patterned along the two major spatial axes. At the molecular level, development in these widely diverged species is often controlled by the same signaling pathways activating members of the same transcription factor and target gene families, shared since the common ancestor of humans, flies, and worms. And yet, at the gene regulatory level, humans and flies or worms seem starkly different, with not a single regulatory region shared across the phyla. Here we discover the first two examples of developmental enhancers conserved between deuterostomes (ranging from human to sea urchins) and protostomes (a large clade that includes flies and worms). We show evidence that these ancient regulatory loci retain the capacity to respond to the same signaling pathways in these widely diverged organisms, and we show that they have been co-opted, along with the molecular pathways that control them, to pattern the vertebrate nervous systems. Our screen supports large scale regulatory rewiring, while offering the first intriguing outliers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoa L Clarke
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
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Differential modulation of the oligodendrocyte transcriptome by sonic hedgehog and bone morphogenetic protein 4 via opposing effects on histone acetylation. J Neurosci 2012; 32:6651-64. [PMID: 22573687 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4876-11.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) into mature oligodendrocytes is regulated by the interplay between extrinsic signals and intrinsic epigenetic determinants. In this study, we analyze the effect that the extracellular ligands sonic hedgehog (Shh) and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), have on histone acetylation and gene expression in cultured OPCs. Shh treatment favored the progression toward oligodendrocytes by decreasing histone acetylation and inducing peripheral chromatin condensation. BMP4 treatment, in contrast, inhibited the progression toward oligodendrocytes and favored astrogliogenesis by favoring global histone acetylation and retaining euchromatin. Pharmacological treatment or silencing of histone deacetylase 1 (Hdac1) or histone deacetylase 2 (Hdac2) in OPCs did not affect BMP4-dependent astrogliogenesis, while it prevented Shh-induced oligodendrocyte differentiation and favored the expression of astrocytic genes. Transcriptional profiling of treated OPCs, revealed that BMP4-inhibition of oligodendrocyte differentiation was accompanied by increased levels of Wnt (Tbx3) and Notch-target genes (Jag1, Hes1, Hes5, Hey1, and Hey2), decreased recruitment of Hdac and increased histone acetylation at these loci. Similar upregulation of Notch-target genes and increased histone acetylation were observed in the corpus callosum of mice infused with BMP4 during cuprizone-induced demyelination. We conclude that Shh and Bmp4 differentially regulate histone acetylation and chromatin structure in OPCs and that BMP4 acts as a potent inducer of gene expression, including Notch and Wnt target genes, thereby enhancing the crosstalk among signaling pathways that are known to inhibit myelination and repair.
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Lee BH, Gauna AE, Pauley KM, Park YJ, Cha S. Animal models in autoimmune diseases: lessons learned from mouse models for Sjögren's syndrome. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2012; 42:35-44. [PMID: 22105703 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-011-8288-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The mouse model is the one of the most frequently used and well-established animal models, and is currently used in many research areas. To date, various mouse models have been utilized to elucidate underlying causes of multifactorial autoimmune conditions, including pathological immune components and specific signaling pathways. This review summarizes the more recent mouse models for Sjögren's syndrome, a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration in the exocrine glands, such as the salivary and lacrimal glands, and loss of secretory function, resulting in dry mouth and dry eyes in patients. Although every Sjögren's syndrome mouse model resembles the major symptoms or phenotypes of Sjögren's syndrome conditions in humans, the characteristics of each model are variable. Moreover, to date, there is no single mouse model that can completely replicate the human conditions. However, unique features of each mouse model provide insights into the roles of potential etiological and immunological factors in the development and progression of Sjögren's syndrome. Here, we will overview the Sjögren's syndrome mouse models. Lessons from these mouse models will aid us to understand underlying immune dysregulation in autoimmune diseases in general, and will guide us to direct future research towards appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Ha Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, JHMHSC, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Das A, Crump JG. Bmps and id2a act upstream of Twist1 to restrict ectomesenchyme potential of the cranial neural crest. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002710. [PMID: 22589745 PMCID: PMC3349740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) have the remarkable capacity to generate both the non-ectomesenchyme derivatives of the peripheral nervous system and the ectomesenchyme precursors of the vertebrate head skeleton, yet how these divergent lineages are specified is not well understood. Whereas studies in mouse have indicated that the Twist1 transcription factor is important for ectomesenchyme development, its role and regulation during CNCC lineage decisions have remained unclear. Here we show that two Twist1 genes play an essential role in promoting ectomesenchyme at the expense of non-ectomesenchyme gene expression in zebrafish. Twist1 does so by promoting Fgf signaling, as well as potentially directly activating fli1a expression through a conserved ectomesenchyme-specific enhancer. We also show that Id2a restricts Twist1 activity to the ectomesenchyme lineage, with Bmp activity preferentially inducing id2a expression in non-ectomesenchyme precursors. We therefore propose that the ventral migration of CNCCs away from a source of Bmps in the dorsal ectoderm promotes ectomesenchyme development by relieving Id2a-dependent repression of Twist1 function. Together our model shows how the integration of Bmp inhibition at its origin and Fgf activation along its migratory route would confer temporal and spatial specificity to the generation of ectomesenchyme from the neural crest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Gage Crump
- Broad CIRM Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chen XS, Zhang YH, Cai QY, Yao ZX. ID2: A negative transcription factor regulating oligodendroglia differentiation. J Neurosci Res 2012; 90:925-32. [PMID: 22253220 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Remyelination of the central nervous system in multiple sclerosis patients is often incomplete. Remyelination depends on normal oligodendrogenesis and the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) into mature oligodendrocytes (OL). Inhibitor of DNA binding (ID), a transcription factor, is thought to inhibit oligodendrogenesis and the differentiation of OPC. This Mini-Review aims to reveal the roles of and mechanisms used by IDs (mainly ID2) in this process. An interaction between ID2 and retinoblastoma tumor suppressor is responsible for the cell cycle transition from G1 to S. The translocation of ID2 between the nucleus and cytoplasm is regulated by E47 and OLIG. An interaction between ID2 and OLIG mediates the inhibitory effects of bone morphogenic proteins and G protein-coupled receptor 17 on oligodendroglia differentiation. ID2 expression is regulated by Wnt and histone deacetylases during the differentiation of OPC. ID4, another member of the ID family, functions similarly to ID2 in regulating the differentiation of OPC. The main difference is that ID4 is essential for oligodendrogenesis, whereas ID2 is nonessential. This could have important implications for demyelinating diseases, and interfering with these pathways might represent a viable therapeutic approach for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Shu Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Rothschild SI, Tschan MP, Federzoni EA, Jaggi R, Fey MF, Gugger M, Gautschi O. MicroRNA-29b is involved in the Src-ID1 signaling pathway and is dysregulated in human lung adenocarcinoma. Oncogene 2012; 31:4221-32. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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