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Zhang M, Li L, Li S. The Role of miR-150-5p/SOCS1 Pathway in Arsenic-Induced Pyroptosis of LX-2 Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04211-7. [PMID: 38689138 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04211-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the mechanism of pyroptosis of human hepatocyte LX-2 cells induced by NaAsO2 through the miR-150-5p/SOCS1 pathway. LX-2 cells were transfected with different concentrations of NaAsO2, miR-150-5p inhibitor, and SOCS1 agonist. Cell activity, cell pyroptosis, and the expression of related genes and proteins were detected by scanning electron microscopy, CCK-8, qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence. Compared with the control group, 10 µmol/L and 20 µmol/L NaAsO2 significantly elevated the protein expression levels of the pyroptosis-related proteins NLRP3, GSDMD, GSDMD-N, caspase1, and cleaved caspase1 as well as the mRNA levels of NLRP3, GSDMD, caspase1, IL-18, and IL-1β. The typical pyroptosis with swelling and rupture of the plasma membrane was observed through scanning electron microscopy. The expression of miR-150-5p of the NaAsO2 intervention group increased, while the expression of SOCS1 decreased; then the level of NF-κB p65 elevated. With co-treatment of miR-150-5p inhibitor, SOCS1 agonist, and NaAsO2, the cell pyroptosis was attenuated, and the expressions of NLRP3, caspase1, GSDMD, GSDMD-N, IL-18, IL-1β, p65 of the group of miR-150-5p inhibitor and NaAsO2 group, and of the group of SOCS1 agonist and NaAsO2 reduced compared with the NaAsO2 group. Arsenic exposure promotes miR-150-5p, inhibits the expression of SOCS1, and activates the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway in LX-2 cell pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health Security, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi, China
| | - Linzhi Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health Security, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi, China
| | - Shugang Li
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Yang F, Zhang A. Involvement of METTL3 in arsenite-induced skin lesions by targeting the SOCS3/STAT3/Krt signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120634. [PMID: 36368553 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a common environmental pollutant, typically affecting the skin most severely. Recent studies have shown that arsenic's toxicity may be linked to N6-methyladenosine (m6A), an abundant and dynamic epigenetic RNA modification. However, it is not completely understood how m6A contributes to arsenite-induced skin lesions. Herein, it is shown that methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) plays a crucial role in the involvement of arsenite-induced skin lesions in an m6A-dependent manner. Using bioinformatic analysis and experimental approaches, we demonstrate that arsenite induces METTL3 upregulation, represses suppressors of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) expression in an m6A- YTH m6A RNA binding protein 2 (YTHDF2)-dependent manner, and leads to the aberrant activation of the Janus kinase (JAK)2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3) signaling pathway. We further found that the activated transcription factor STAT3 binds to the promoter regions of Krt1 and Krt10, promoting their transcription, which ultimately leads to arsenite-induced skin lesions. In conclusion, our study reveals the role of m6A in arsenite-induced skin lesions through the activation of the JAK2/STAT3/Krt signaling axis. The findings provide new insight into the potential molecular mechanisms underlying arsenic toxicity regulation through m6A modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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Deng H, Tu Y, Wang H, Wang Z, Li Y, Chai L, Zhang W, Lin Z. Environmental behavior, human health effect, and pollution control of heavy metal(loid)s toward full life cycle processes. ECO-ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH (ONLINE) 2022; 1:229-243. [PMID: 38077254 PMCID: PMC10702911 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) have caused serious environmental pollution and health risks. Although the past few years have witnessed the achievements of studies on environmental behavior of HMs, the related toxicity mechanisms, and pollution control, their relationship remains a mystery. Researchers generally focused on one topic independently without comprehensive considerations due to the knowledge gap between environmental science and human health. Indeed, the full life cycle control of HMs is crucial and should be reconsidered with the combination of the occurrence, transport, and fate of HMs in the environment. Therefore, we started by reviewing the environmental behaviors of HMs which are affected by a variety of natural factors as well as their physicochemical properties. Furthermore, the related toxicity mechanisms were discussed according to exposure route, toxicity mechanism, and adverse consequences. In addition, the current state-of-the-art of available technologies for pollution control of HMs wastewater and solid wastes were summarized. Finally, based on the research trend, we proposed that advanced in-operando characterizations will help us better understand the fundamental reaction mechanisms, and big data analysis approaches will aid in establishing the prediction model for risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Deng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yuling Tu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Han Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yanyu Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Liyuan Chai
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zhang Lin
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangdong 510006, China
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Xu Y, Wei X, Li X, Chen Y, Mao X, Chen G, Liu C. Cadmium inhibits signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 leading to pancreatic β cell apoptosis. Endocr J 2022; 69:361-371. [PMID: 34719525 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej21-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxic heavy metal cadmium has been proven to cause pancreatic dysfunction and lead to the development of DM. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been completely elucidated. Here, we investigated the effects of cadmium on the pancreatic β cell line MIN6 and explored the underlying mechanisms. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay and flow cytometry were used to determine cell viability and apoptosis in MIN6 cells. The expression levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) were assessed by western blotting. We further assessed the effects of cadmium on the function of pancreatic β cells under high glucose levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blotting. Insulin secretion and expression were decreased by cadmium in MIN6 cells. In addition, cadmium suppressed cell viability and promoted apoptosis of MIN6 cells, downregulated insulin secretion and genesis of MIN6 cells under high glucose conditions, while inhibiting STAT6. Furthermore, after treatment with IL-4, the activator of STAT6, the MIN6 cell viability suppression and apoptosis promotion effect caused by cadmium were blocked. In conclusion, cadmium inhibits pancreatic β cell MIN6 growth by regulating the activation of STAT6. Our findings reveal a new mechanism of cadmium toxicity in pancreatic β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijiao Xu
- Research Center of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Qixia District, Nanjing, China, 210028
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Syndrome & Treatment of Yingbing, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qixia District, Nanjing, China, 210028
| | - Xiao Wei
- Research Center of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Qixia District, Nanjing, China, 210028
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Syndrome & Treatment of Yingbing, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qixia District, Nanjing, China, 210028
| | - Xingjia Li
- Research Center of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Qixia District, Nanjing, China, 210028
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Syndrome & Treatment of Yingbing, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qixia District, Nanjing, China, 210028
| | - Yu Chen
- Research Center of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Qixia District, Nanjing, China, 210028
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Syndrome & Treatment of Yingbing, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qixia District, Nanjing, China, 210028
| | - Xiaodong Mao
- Research Center of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Qixia District, Nanjing, China, 210028
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Syndrome & Treatment of Yingbing, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qixia District, Nanjing, China, 210028
| | - Guofang Chen
- Research Center of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Qixia District, Nanjing, China, 210028
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Syndrome & Treatment of Yingbing, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qixia District, Nanjing, China, 210028
| | - Chao Liu
- Research Center of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Qixia District, Nanjing, China, 210028
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Syndrome & Treatment of Yingbing, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qixia District, Nanjing, China, 210028
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Medina S, Bolt AM, Zhou X, Wan G, Xu H, Lauer FT, Liu KJ, Burchiel SW. Arsenite and monomethylarsonous acid disrupt erythropoiesis through combined effects on differentiation and survival pathways in early erythroid progenitors. Toxicol Lett 2021; 350:111-120. [PMID: 34274428 PMCID: PMC8487637 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Strong epidemiological evidence demonstrates an association between chronic arsenic exposure and anemia. We recently found that As+3 impairs erythropoiesis by disrupting the function of GATA-1; however the downstream pathways impacted by the loss of GATA-1 function have not been evaluated. Additionally, our previous findings indicate that the predominant arsenical in the bone marrow of mice exposed to As+3 in their drinking water for 30 days was MMA+3, but the impacts of this arsenical on erythorpoisis also remain largely unknown. The goal of this study was to address these critical knowledge gaps by evaluating the comparative effects of arsenite (As+3) and the As+3 metabolite, monomethyarsonous acid (MMA+3) on two critical regulatory pathways that control the differentiation and survival of early erythroid progenitor cells. We found that 500 nM As+3 and 100 and 500 nM MMA+3 suppress erythropoiesis by impairing the differentiation of early stage erythroid progenitors. The suppression of early erythroid progenitor cell development was attributed to combined effects on differentiation and survival pathways mediated by disruption of GATA-1 and STAT5. Our results show that As+3 primarily disrupted GATA-1 function; whereas, MMA+3 suppressed both GATA-1 and STAT5 activity. Collectively, these findings provide novel mechanistic insights into arsenic-induced dyserythropoiesis and suggest that MMA+3 may be more toxic than As+3 to early developing erythroid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Medina
- The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA; New Mexico Highlands University, Department of Biology, Las Vegas, NM, 87701, USA
| | - Alicia M Bolt
- The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Xixi Zhou
- The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Guanghua Wan
- The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Huan Xu
- East China University of Science and Technology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Fredine T Lauer
- The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Ke Jian Liu
- The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Scott W Burchiel
- The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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6
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Paithankar JG, Saini S, Dwivedi S, Sharma A, Chowdhuri DK. Heavy metal associated health hazards: An interplay of oxidative stress and signal transduction. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:128350. [PMID: 33182141 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal-induced cellular and organismal toxicity have become a major health concern in biomedical science. Indiscriminate use of heavy metals in different sectors, such as, industrial-, agricultural-, healthcare-, cosmetics-, and domestic-sectors has contaminated environment matrices and poses a severe health concern. Xenobiotics mediated effect is a ubiquitous cellular response. Oxidative stress is one such prime cellular response, which is the result of an imbalance in the redox system. Further, oxidative stress is associated with macromolecular damages and activation of several cell survival and cell death pathways. Epidemiological as well as laboratory data suggest that oxidative stress-induced cellular response following heavy metal exposure is linked with an increased risk of neoplasm, neurological disorders, diabetes, infertility, developmental disorders, renal failure, and cardiovascular disease. During the recent past, a relation among heavy metal exposure, oxidative stress, and signaling pathways have been explored to understand the heavy metal-induced toxicity. Heavy metal-induced oxidative stress and its connection with different signaling pathways are complicated; therefore, the systemic summary is essential. Herein, an effort has been made to decipher the interplay among heavy metals/metalloids (Arsenic, Chromium, Cadmium, and Lead) exposures, oxidative stress, and signal transduction, which are essential to mount the cellular and organismal response. The signaling pathways involved in this interplay include NF-κB, NRF2, JAK-STAT, JNK, FOXO, and HIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish Gopal Paithankar
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Sanjay Saini
- Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Molecular and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Shiwangi Dwivedi
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Anurag Sharma
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India.
| | - Debapratim Kar Chowdhuri
- Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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7
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Freyer CW, Peterson CE, Man Y, Przespolewski A, Baron J, Luger SM. Herpes zoster during arsenic trioxide therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2020; 62:696-702. [PMID: 33106056 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1838507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Historically, arsenic exposure has been associated with herpes zoster (HZ) infection, however the risk is not well characterized in arsenic trioxide (ATO) treated patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). We aimed to characterize the risk of HZ in 112 ATO treated patients with APL with and without antiviral prophylaxis (AVP). HZ occurred in 13/112 (11.6%) within 6 months of completing ATO, including one case of HZ encephalitis. AVP reduced the incidence of HZ (17.5% vs. 4.1%, RR 0.24 [95% CI 0.05-1.0, p = .025]) with a number needed to treat of 7.7. HZ despite AVP occurred later than HZ in patients without AVP (7.8 vs. 2.3 months from starting ATO, p = .11). Older age and prior HZ increased the risk of HZ in patients not receiving AVP. Routine AVP should be considered in patients with APL receiving ATO, particularly in older patients and those with a history of HZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig W Freyer
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chelsea E Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Leukemia Section. Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yun Man
- Department of Pharmacy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Amanda Przespolewski
- Department of Medicine, Leukemia Section. Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Baron
- Department of Pharmacy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Selina M Luger
- Department of Medicine, Hematology-Oncology Section, Perelman School of Medicine and the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Tsuyama H, Fujishiro H, Himeno S, Sumi D. Arsenite suppresses NO production evoked by lipopolysaccharide and poly(I:C) via the suppression of interferon-β expression in RAW264.7 cells. J Toxicol Sci 2019; 44:83-92. [PMID: 30726814 DOI: 10.2131/jts.44.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Immunological functions are disturbed in humans who have been chronically exposed to arsenic via contaminated groundwater. Little is known about the specific mechanisms underlying the impairment of immunological defense system caused by arsenic. The activation of macrophage cells upon infection with bacteria and viruses plays important roles in the defense against these pathogens. Here we show that exposure to arsenite (As(III)) suppresses nitric oxide (NO) production in murine RAW264.7 macrophage cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and poly(I:C), the compounds mimicking bacterial and viral infection, respectively. As(III) suppressed the LPS- or poly(I:C)-evoked induction of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) without affecting the transactivation of NF-κB. As the interferon (IFN)-β/STAT1 pathway is also involved in the induction of iNOS in addition to NF-κB, we examined the effects of As(III) on the expression and secretion of IFN-β, the expression of the components of IFN-α/β receptor, the phosphorylation of STAT1, and the levels of cytokines involved in STAT1 activation. The results showed that the expression and secretion of IFN-β were specifically suppressed by As(III) treatment in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with LPS or poly(I:C). These results suggest that As(III) suppresses the expression and secretion of IFN-β, leading to the reduced STAT1 activation and consequently the reduced iNOS induction in macrophage cells. Our data suggest an important role of the arsenic-induced suppression of IFN-β on the disturbances in immunological defense against both bacteria and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Tsuyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
| | - Hitomi Fujishiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
| | - Seiichiro Himeno
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
| | - Daigo Sumi
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
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Fevrier-Paul A, Soyibo AK, Mitchell S, Voutchkov M. Role of Toxic Elements in Chronic Kidney Disease. J Health Pollut 2018; 8:181202. [PMID: 30560001 PMCID: PMC6285682 DOI: 10.5696/2156-9614-8.20.181202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The kidney is central to many complex pathways in the body and kidney injury can precipitate multiple negative clinical outcomes. The resultant effect on nutrition and elemental body burden is bi-directional, confounding the very complex pathways that maintain homeostasis. These elemental changes themselves increase the risk of nutritional and biochemical disturbances. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to describe how toxic elements interface with complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS The present review included studies focusing on the molecular mechanisms induced by exposure to elements with known nephrotoxic effects and associated health complications in CKD patients. DISCUSSION Many non-essential elements have nephrotoxic activity. Chronic injury can involve direct tubular damage, activation of mediators of oxidative stress, genetic modifications that predispose poor cardiovascular outcomes, as well as competitive uptake and element mobilization with essential elements, found to be deficient in CKD. Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of mortality among CKD patients. Oxidative stress, a common denominator of both deficient and excess element body constitution, underlies many pathological derivatives of chronic kidney disease. Bone disorders, hematological dysfunction and dysregulation of acid-base balance are also prevalent in kidney patients. The largest contribution of toxic element body burden results from environmental exposure and lifestyle practices. However, standard medical therapies may also potentiate toxic element accumulation and re-injury of vulnerable tissue. CONCLUSIONS For CKD patients, the cumulative effect of toxic elements persists throughout the disease and potentiates complications of CKD. Medical management should be coordinated between a medical team, dietitians and clinical researchers to mitigate those harmful effects. COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adedamola K. Soyibo
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Sylvia Mitchell
- Biotechnology Centre, The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Mitko Voutchkov
- Department of Physics, The University of West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
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10
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Xu H, Wang X, Burchiel SW. Toxicity of environmentally-relevant concentrations of arsenic on developing T lymphocyte. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 62:107-113. [PMID: 29986278 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that exists in many inorganic and organic forms. In particular, arsenite is known to induce immunotoxicity in humans and animals. There are still major gaps in our understanding of the mechanism(s) of the immunotoxicity induced by arsenic at environmentally-relevant concentrations. T cells are an essential part of the immune system required for host resistance to infections and protection from cancer. Developing T cells in the thymus have been shown to be particularly prone to arsenite-induced toxicity at low concentrations. Suppression of DNA repair proteins and oxidative stress have been identified as a mechanism of genotoxicity that occurs at low to moderate concentrations. Inhibition of the IL-7 signaling pathway was thought to be responsible for the non-genotoxicity induced by low to moderate doses of arsenic. Interestingly, T cells at different stages of their development had distinct sensitivities to arsenite, which was regulated by arsenite exporters. The current evidence strongly suggests that low to moderate doses of arsenic induces toxic effects in the developing T cells and accumulates to highest levels in the early cells that are least capable to pump out arsenic, which may be the mechanism of the high arsenic sensitivity. Therefore, quantification of the exposure levels should be encouraged in future arsenic toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xu
- East China University of Science and Technology, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- East China University of Science and Technology, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Scott W Burchiel
- The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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11
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Arsenic trioxide: insights into its evolution to an anticancer agent. J Biol Inorg Chem 2018; 23:313-329. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-018-1537-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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12
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Dani SU, Walter GF. Chronic arsenic intoxication diagnostic score (CAsIDS). J Appl Toxicol 2017; 38:122-144. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Ulhoa Dani
- Medawar Institute for Medical and Environmental Research; Acangau Foundation; Paracatu MG Brazil
- Department of General Internal Medicine; St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital; Switzerland
- PizolCare Praxis Wartau; Trübbach Switzerland
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13
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Judson RS, Martin MT, Patlewicz G, Wood CE. Retrospective mining of toxicology data to discover multispecies and chemical class effects: Anemia as a case study. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 86:74-92. [PMID: 28242142 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Predictive toxicity models rely on large amounts of accurate in vivo data. Here, we analyze the quality of in vivo data from the U.S. EPA Toxicity Reference Database (ToxRefDB), using chemical-induced anemia as an example. Considerations include variation in experimental conditions, changes in terminology over time, distinguishing negative from missing results, observer and diagnostic bias, and data transcription errors. Within ToxRefDB, we use hematological data on 658 chemicals tested in one or more of 1738 studies (subchronic rat or chronic rat, mouse, or dog). Anemia was reported most frequently in the rat subchronic studies, followed by chronic studies in dog, rat, and then mouse. Concordance between studies for a positive finding of anemia (same chemical, different laboratories) ranged from 90% (rat subchronic predicting rat chronic) to 40% (mouse chronic predicting rat chronic). Concordance increased with manual curation by 20% on average. We identified 49 chemicals that showed an anemia phenotype in at least two species. These included 14 aniline moiety-containing compounds that were further analyzed for their potential to be metabolically transformed into substituted anilines, which are known anemia-causing chemicals. This analysis should help inform future use of in vivo databases for model development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Judson
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Matthew T Martin
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Grace Patlewicz
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Charles E Wood
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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14
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Steinborn C, Diegel C, Garcia-Käufer M, Gründemann C, Huber R. Immunomodulatory effects of metal salts at sub-toxic concentrations. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 37:563-572. [PMID: 27714827 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Because different metals are used in complementary medicine for the treatment of diseases related to a dysfunction of the immune system, this study aimed at determining the immunomodulatory potential of Pb(NO3 )2 , AuCl3 , Cu(NO3 )2 , HgCl2 , AgNO3 , SnCl2 , AsCl3 and SbCl3 at sub-toxic concentrations and at assessing possible toxic side effects of low-concentrated metal preparations. The influence of the metal salts on primary human mononuclear cells was analyzed by measuring cell viability using the water-soluble tetrazolium salt assay, apoptosis and necrosis induction by annexin V/propidium iodide staining and proliferation by carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester staining and flow cytometry. Effects on T-cell activation were assessed with CD69 and CD25 expression using flow cytometry whereas CD83, CD86 and CD14 expression was measured to evaluate the influence on dendritic cell maturation. Alterations of interleukin-2 and interferon-γ secretion were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and genotoxic effects were analyzed using the comet assay. At sub-toxic concentrations retardation of T-cell proliferation was caused by Pb(NO3 )2 , AuCl3 and Cu(NO3 )2 and inhibitory effects on interleukin-2 secretion were measured after incubation with Pb(NO3 )2 , AuCl3 , Cu(NO3 )2 , HgCl2 and AsCl3. Cu(NO3 )2 had immunosuppressive activity at dosages within the serum reference range for copper. All other metal salts showed effects at dosages above upper serum limits of normal. Therefore, only low-concentrated copper preparations are promising to have immunomodulatory potential. Toxic side effects of metal preparations used in complementary medicine are improbable because upper limits of metals set in the drinking water ordinance are either not exceeded or the duration of their application is limited. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Steinborn
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Institute for Environmental Health Sciences and Hospital Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Diegel
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Institute for Environmental Health Sciences and Hospital Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Garcia-Käufer
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Institute for Environmental Health Sciences and Hospital Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Gründemann
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Institute for Environmental Health Sciences and Hospital Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roman Huber
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Institute for Environmental Health Sciences and Hospital Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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15
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Neamtiu IA, Bloom MS, Dumitrascu I, Roba CA, Pop C, Ordeanu C, Balacescu O, Gurzau ES. Impact of exposure to tobacco smoke, arsenic, and phthalates on locally advanced cervical cancer treatment-preliminary results. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2448. [PMID: 27652000 PMCID: PMC5018676 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer research is a national and international priority, with the efficiency and effectiveness of current anti-tumor therapies being one of the major challenges with which physicians are faced. OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of exposure to tobacco smoke, arsenic, and phthalates on cervical cancer treatment. METHODS We investigated 37 patients with locally advanced cervical carcinoma who underwent chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We determined cotinine and five phthalate metabolites in urine samples collected prior to cancer treatment, by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, and urinary total arsenic by atomic absorption spectrometry with hydride generation. We used linear regression to evaluate the effects of cotinine, arsenic, and phthalates on the change in tumor size after treatment, adjusted for confounding variables. RESULTS We detected no significant associations between urinary cotinine, arsenic, or phthalate monoesters on change in tumor size after treatment, adjusted for urine creatinine, age, baseline tumor size, and cotinine (for arsenic and phthalates). However, higher %mono-ethylhexyl phthalate (%MEHP), a putative indicator of phthalate diester metabolism, was associated with a larger change in tumor size (β = 0.015, 95% CI [0.003-0.03], P = 0.019). CONCLUSION We found no statistically significant association between the urinary levels of arsenic, cotinine, and phthalates metabolites and the response to cervical cancer treatment as measured by the change in tumor size. Still, our results suggested that phthalates metabolism may be associated with response to treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer. However, these observations are preliminary and will require confirmation in a larger, more definitive investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia A Neamtiu
- Health Department, Environmental Health Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; IMOGEN Research Institut, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Michael S Bloom
- Health Department, Environmental Health Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Departments of Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, United States of America
| | - Irina Dumitrascu
- Physico-chemical and Biotoxicological Analysis Laboratory, Environmental Health Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Cluj School of Public Health - College of Political, Administrative and Communication Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen A Roba
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Cristian Pop
- Physico-chemical and Biotoxicological Analysis Laboratory, Environmental Health Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Cluj School of Public Health - College of Political, Administrative and Communication Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Claudia Ordeanu
- Radiotherapy II Department, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta" , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Ovidiu Balacescu
- Functional Genomics, Proteomics and Experimental Pathology Laboratory, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta" , Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Eugen S Gurzau
- Health Department, Environmental Health Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; IMOGEN Research Institut, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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16
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Taheri M, Mehrzad J, Afshari R, Saleh-Moghaddam M, Mahmudy Gharaie MH. Inorganic arsenic can be potent granulotoxin in mammalian neutrophils in vitro. J Immunotoxicol 2016; 13:686-93. [PMID: 27416995 DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2016.1159625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
An important outcome arising out of occupational/environmental exposure to arsenic (As) is immunotoxicity. To determine the impact of inorganic As on innate immune cells, effects of a low dose of NaAsO2 (i.e. 20 ng As/ml) on select parameters associated with human and bovine neutrophils (PMN) were evaluated in vitro. PMN isolated from the blood of healthy individuals and cows (n = 8/treatment) were pre-incubated with NaAsO2 for 12 h before effects on PMN phagocytosis, transcription of TLR2, TLR4 and CD64 in human PMN - as well as on phagocytosis-dependent/-independent cell chemiluminescence (CL), phagocytosis and killing of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, PMN H2O2 production and necrosis and TLR4 transcription in bovine PMN - were assessed. Relative to control (no As) PMN, treatment with As significantly decreased phagocytic capacity and CD64 mRNA, but increased TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA, in human PMN. In bovine PMN, while As also led to increased TLR4 mRNA abundance, it resulted in decreases in phagocytosis-dependent and -independent CL, PMN H2O2 production, PMN phagocytosis and killing of both E. coli and S. aureus by PMN. Considering the broad roles of PMN in immunology, the results of these studies increase our understanding of functional consequences of As exposure in inducing immunotoxicity and increasing susceptibility to (infectious) diseases in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumeh Taheri
- a Biochemistry Section, Department of Biology , Payame Noor University of Mashhad , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Jalil Mehrzad
- b Department of Pathobiology , Immunology and Biotechnology Sections, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Reza Afshari
- c Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Massoud Saleh-Moghaddam
- a Biochemistry Section, Department of Biology , Payame Noor University of Mashhad , Mashhad , Iran
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17
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Shim J, Kennedy RH, Weatherly LM, Hutchinson LM, Pelletier JH, Hashmi HN, Blais K, Velez A, Gosse JA. Arsenic inhibits mast cell degranulation via suppression of early tyrosine phosphorylation events. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 36:1446-59. [PMID: 27018130 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic is a global health concern. We previously documented an inhibitory effect of inorganic Arsenite on IgE-mediated degranulation of RBL-2H3 mast cells (Hutchinson et al., 2011; J. Appl. Toxicol. 31: 231-241). Mast cells are tissue-resident cells that are positioned at the host-environment interface, thereby serving vital roles in many physiological processes and disease states, in addition to their well-known roles in allergy and asthma. Upon activation, mast cells secrete several mediators from cytoplasmic granules, in degranulation. The present study is an investigation of Arsenite's molecular target(s) in the degranulation pathway. Here, we report that arsenic does not affect degranulation stimulated by either the Ca(2) (+) ionophore A23187 or thapsigargin, which both bypass early signaling events. Arsenic also does not alter degranulation initiated by another non-IgE-mediated mast cell stimulant, the G-protein activator compound 48/80. However, arsenic inhibits Ca(2) (+) influx into antigen-activated mast cells. These results indicate that the target of arsenic in the degranulation pathway is upstream of the Ca(2) (+) influx. Phospho-Syk and phospho-p85 phosphoinositide 3-kinase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays data show that arsenic inhibits early phosphorylation events. Taken together, this evidence indicates that the mechanism underlying arsenic inhibition of mast cell degranulation occurs at the early tyrosine phosphorylation steps in the degranulation pathway. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyoung Shim
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA
| | - Rachel H Kennedy
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA
| | - Lisa M Weatherly
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA
| | - Lee M Hutchinson
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA
| | - Jonathan H Pelletier
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA
| | - Hina N Hashmi
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA
| | - Kayla Blais
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA
| | - Alejandro Velez
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA
| | - Julie A Gosse
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA. .,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA.
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18
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Khaniyan M, Salamat N, Safahieh A, Movahedinia A. Detection of benzo[a]pyrene-induced immunotoxicity in orange spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:329-338. [PMID: 25263604 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) on immune status of orange spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Fish were injected with 2, 20 and 35 mg/kg-bw of BaP and were kept under laboratory conditions for 14 days. Blood samples were taken at days 1, 4, 7, and 14 and changes in total WBC and RBC, phagocytosis, lysozyme activity, lysosomal membrane stability, immunoglobulin M (IgM) level and antibacterial activity were evaluated. Also BaP bioaccumulation in fish muscle was measured. BaP concentration in the muscle of treated fish reached a maximum level after 4 days (P < 0.05). Exposure of fish to BaP resulted in a significant decrease of total RBC and WBC, lysozyme activity, lysosomal membrane stability, IgM level and antibacterial activity after 4 days and phagocytosis after 7 days of the experiment (P < 0.05). Totally, the results revealed BaP ability to suppress the fish immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Khaniyan
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, P.O. Box 669, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - Negin Salamat
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, P.O. Box 669, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - Alireza Safahieh
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, P.O. Box 669, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - Abdolali Movahedinia
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, P.O. Box 669, Khorramshahr, Iran
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19
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Xu H, Lauer FT, Liu KJ, Hudson LG, Burchiel SW. Environmentally relevant concentrations of arsenite and monomethylarsonous acid inhibit IL-7/STAT5 cytokine signaling pathways in mouse CD3+CD4-CD8- double negative thymus cells. Toxicol Lett 2016; 247:62-8. [PMID: 26921788 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Environmental arsenic exposure is a public health issue. Immunotoxicity induced by arsenic has been reported in humans and animal models. The purpose of this study was to evaluate mechanisms of As(+3) and MMA(+3) toxicity in mouse thymus cells. Because we know that MMA(+3) inhibits IL-7 signaling in mouse bone marrow pre-B cells, we studied the influence of As(+3) and MMA(+3) on T cell development in the thymus at the earliest stage of T cell development (CD4-CD8-, double negative, DN) which requires IL-7 dependent signaling. We found in a DN thymus cell line (D1) that a low concentration of MMA(+3) (50 nM) suppressed IL-7 dependent JAK1, 3 and STAT5 signaling. As(+3) suppressed STAT5 and JAK3 at higher concentrations (500 nM). Cell surface expression of the IL-7 receptor (CD127) was also suppressed by 50 nM MMA(+)3, but was increased by 500 NM As(+3), indicating possible differences in the mechanisms of action of these agents. A decrease in cyclin D1 protein expression was observed in D1 cells exposed to As(+3) at 500 nM and MMA(+3) starting at 50 nM, suggesting that arsenic at these environmentally-relevant doses suppresses early T cell development through the inhibition of IL-7 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xu
- The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque NM 87131, United States
| | - Fredine T Lauer
- The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque NM 87131, United States
| | - Ke Jian Liu
- The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque NM 87131, United States
| | - Laurie G Hudson
- The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque NM 87131, United States
| | - Scott W Burchiel
- The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque NM 87131, United States.
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20
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Gonzalez H, Lema C, Kirken RA, Maldonado RA, Varela-Ramirez A, Aguilera RJ. Arsenic-exposed Keratinocytes Exhibit Differential microRNAs Expression Profile; Potential Implication of miR-21, miR-200a and miR-141 in Melanoma Pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 2:138-147. [PMID: 27054085 DOI: 10.2174/2212697x02666150629174704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to arsenic has been linked to cancer in different organs and tissues, including skin. Here, non-malignant human keratinocytes (HaCaT) were exposed to arsenic and its effects on microRNAs (miRNAs; miR) expression were analyzed via miRCURY LNA array analyses. A total of 30 miRNAs were found differentially expressed in arsenic-treated cells, as compared to untreated controls. Among the up-regulated miRNAs, miR-21, miR-200a and miR-141, are well known to be involved in carcinogenesis. Additional findings confirmed that those three miRNAs were indeed up-regulated in arsenic-stimulated keratinocytes as demonstrated by quantitative PCR assay. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis of both potential cancer-related pathways and targeted genes affected by miR-21, miR-200a and/or miR-141 was performed. Results revealed that miR-21, miR-200a and miR-141 are implicated in skin carcinogenesis related with melanoma development. Conclusively, our results indicate that arsenic-treated keratinocytes exhibited alteration in the miRNAs expression profile and that miR-21, miR-200a and miR-141 could be promising early biomarkers of the epithelial phenotype of cancer cells and they could be potential novel targets for melanoma therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Gonzalez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, the University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave. El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Carolina Lema
- Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA; College of Optometry, University of Houston, 4901 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA
| | - Robert A Kirken
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, the University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave. El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Rosa A Maldonado
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, the University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave. El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, the University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave. El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA; Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Renato J Aguilera
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, the University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave. El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA; Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
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21
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George CM, Brooks WA, Graziano JH, Nonyane BAS, Hossain L, Goswami D, Zaman K, Yunus M, Khan AF, Jahan Y, Ahmed D, Slavkovich V, Higdon M, Deloria-Knoll M, O' Brien KL. Arsenic exposure is associated with pediatric pneumonia in rural Bangladesh: a case control study. Environ Health 2015; 14:83. [PMID: 26497043 PMCID: PMC4619558 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-015-0069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pneumonia is the leading cause of death for children under 5 years of age globally, making research on modifiable risk factors for childhood pneumonia important for reducing this disease burden. Millions of children globally are exposed to elevated levels of arsenic in drinking water. However, there is limited data on the association between arsenic exposure and respiratory infections, particularly among pediatric populations. METHODS This case control study of 153 pneumonia cases and 296 controls 28 days to 59 months of age in rural Bangladesh is the first to assess whether arsenic exposure is a risk factor for pneumonia in a pediatric population. Cases had physician diagnosed World Health Organization defined severe or very severe pneumonia. Urine collected during hospitalization (hospital admission time point) and 30 days later (convalescent time point) from cases and a single specimen from community controls was tested for urinary arsenic by graphite furnace atomic absorption. RESULTS The odds for pneumonia was nearly double for children with urinary arsenic concentrations higher than the first quartile (≥6 μg/L) at the hospital admission time point (Odd Ratio (OR):1.88 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.01, 3.53)), after adjustment for urinary creatinine, weight for height, breastfeeding, paternal education, age, and number of people in the household. This was consistent with findings at the convalescent time point where the adjusted OR for children with urinary arsenic concentrations greater than the first quartile (≥6 μg/L) was 2.32 (95% CI: 1.33, 4.02). CONCLUSION We observed a nearly two times higher odds of pneumonia for children with creatinine adjusted urinary arsenic concentrations greater than the first quartile (≥6 μg/L) at the hospital admission time point. This novel finding suggests that low to moderate arsenic exposure may be a risk factor for pneumonia in children under 5 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Marie George
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of International Health, Program in Global Disease Epidemiology and Control, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Room E5535, Baltimore, MD, 21205-2103, USA.
| | - W Abdullah Brooks
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Joseph H Graziano
- Department of Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Bareng A S Nonyane
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Lokman Hossain
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Doli Goswami
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Khalequzzaman Zaman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Mohammad Yunus
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Al Fazal Khan
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Yasmin Jahan
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Dilruba Ahmed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Vesna Slavkovich
- Department of Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Melissa Higdon
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Maria Deloria-Knoll
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Katherine L O' Brien
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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22
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Hong CH, Lee CH, Chen GS, Chang KL, Yu HS. STAT3-dependent VEGF production from keratinocytes abrogates dendritic cell activation and migration by arsenic: a plausible regional mechanism of immunosuppression in arsenical cancers. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 227:96-103. [PMID: 25559853 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic remains an important environmental hazard that causes several human cancers. Arsenic-induced Bowen's disease (As-BD), a skin carcinoma in situ, is the most common arsenical cancer. While great strides have been made in our understanding of arsenic carcinogenesis, how host immunity contributes to this process remains unknown. Patients with As-BD have an impaired contact hypersensitivity response. Although impaired T cell activation has been well-documented in arsenical cancers, how dendritic cell (DC), the key cell regulating innate immunity, regulates the immune response in arsenical cancers remains unclear. Using myeloid derived DC (MDDC) from patients with As-BD and normal controls as well as bone marrow derived DC (BMDC) from mice fed with or without arsenic, we measured the migration of DC. As-BD patients showed an impaired CCL21-mediated MDDC migration in vitro. Arsenic-fed mice had defective DC migration toward popliteal lymph nodes when injected with allogenic BMDCs via foot pad. Using skin from As-BD and normal controls, we found an increased expression of STAT3, a transcriptional factor contributing to impaired DC activation. Arsenic induced STAT3 activation and the production of VEGF in keratinocytes. The increase in VEGF was blocked by inhibiting STAT3 with RNA interference or pharmaceutically with JSI-124. While VEGF by itself minimally induced the expression of CD86 and MHC-II in MDDC, arsenic induced-MDDC activation was abolished by VEGF pretreatment. We concluded that the STAT3-VEGF axis in keratinocytes inhibits DC migration in the microenvironment of As-BD, indicating that cellular interactions play an important role in regulating the disease course of arsenical cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hui Hong
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology and Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Shing Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kee-Lung Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Su Yu
- National Environmental Toxicology Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Ezeh PC, Lauer FT, MacKenzie D, McClain S, Liu KJ, Hudson LG, Gandolfi AJ, Burchiel SW. Arsenite selectively inhibits mouse bone marrow lymphoid progenitor cell development in vivo and in vitro and suppresses humoral immunity in vivo. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93920. [PMID: 24714590 PMCID: PMC3979857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that exposure to As+3 via drinking water causes a disruption of the immune system and significantly compromises the immune response to infection. The purpose of these studies was to assess the effects of As+3 on bone marrow progenitor cell colony formation and the humoral immune response to a T-dependent antigen response (TDAR) in vivo. In a 30 day drinking water study, mice were exposed to 19, 75, or 300 ppb As+3. There was a decrease in bone marrow cell recovery, but not spleen cell recovery at 300 ppb As+3. In the bone marrow, As+3 altered neither the expression of CD34+ and CD38+ cells, markers of early hematopoietic stem cells, nor CD45−/CD105+, markers of mesenchymal stem cells. Spleen cell surface marker CD45 expression on B cells (CD19+), T cells (CD3+), T helper cells (CD4+) and cytotoxic T cells (CD8+), natural killer (NK+), and macrophages (Mac 1+) were not altered by the 30 day in vivo As+3 exposure. Functional assays of CFU-B colony formation showed significant selective suppression (p<0.05) by 300 ppb As+3 exposure, whereas CFU-GM formation was not altered. The TDAR of the spleen cells was significantly suppressed at 75 and 300 ppb As+3. In vitro studies of the bone marrow revealed a selective suppression of CFU-B by 50 nM As+3 in the absence of apparent cytotoxicity. Monomethylarsonous acid (MMA+3) demonstrated a dose-dependent and selective suppression of CFU-B beginning at 5 nM (p<0.05). MMA+3 suppressed CFU-GM formation at 500 nM, a concentration that proved to be nonspecifically cytotoxic. As+5 did not suppress CFU-B and/or CFU-GM in vitro at concentrations up to 500 nM. Collectively, these results demonstrate that As+3 and likely its metabolite (MMA+3) target lymphoid progenitor cells in mouse bone marrow and mature B and T cell activity in the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peace C. Ezeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Fredine T. Lauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Debra MacKenzie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Shea McClain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Ke Jian Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Laurie G. Hudson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - A. Jay Gandolfi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Scott W. Burchiel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Medeiros M, Le TM, Troup D, Novak P, Gandolfi AJ. Expression Of Selected Pathway-Marker Genes In Human Urothelial Cells Exposed Chronically To A Non-Cytotoxic Concentration Of Monomethylarsonous Acid. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1:421-434. [PMID: 25177542 PMCID: PMC4144464 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer has been associated with chronic arsenic exposure. Monomethylarsonous acid [MMA(III)] is a metabolite of inorganic arsenic and has been shown to transform an immortalized urothelial cell line (UROtsa) at concentrations 20-fold less than arsenite. MMA(III) was used as a model arsenical to examine the mechanisms of arsenical-induced transformation of urothelium. A previous microarray analysis revealed only minor changes in gene expression at one and two months of chronic exposure to MMA(III), contrasting with substantial changes observed at three months of exposure. To address the lack of information between two and three months of exposure (the critical period of transformation), the expression of select pathway marker genes was measured by PCR array analysis on a weekly basis. Cell proliferation rate, anchorage-independent growth, and tumorigenicity in SCID mice were also assessed to determine the early, persistent phenotypic changes and their association with the changes in expression of these selected marker genes. A very similar pattern of alterations in these genes was observed when compared to the microarray results, and suggested that early perturbations in cell signaling cascades, immunological pathways, cytokine expression, and MAPK pathway are particularly important in driving malignant transformation. These results showed a strong association between the acquired phenotypic changes that occurred as early as one to two months of chronic MMA(III) exposure, and the observed gene expression pattern that is indicative of the earliest stages in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Medeiros
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Tam Minh Le
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Daniel Troup
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Petr Novak
- Biology Centre ASCR, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Ceske Budejovice, 37005, Czech Republic
| | - A. Jay Gandolfi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
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25
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Ivanov VN, Wen G, Hei TK. Sodium arsenite exposure inhibits AKT and Stat3 activation, suppresses self-renewal and induces apoptotic death of embryonic stem cells. Apoptosis 2013; 18:188-200. [PMID: 23143138 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-012-0779-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sodium arsenite exposure at concentration >5 μM may induce embryotoxic and teratogenic effects in animal models. Long-term health effects of sodium arsenite from contaminated drinking water may result in different forms of cancer and neurological abnormalities. As cancer development processes seem to be originated in stem cells, we have chosen to examine the effects of sodium arsenite on signaling pathways and the corresponding transcription factors that regulate cell viability and self-renewal in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC) and mouse neural stem/precursor cells. We demonstrated that the crucial signaling pathway, which was substantially suppressed by sodium arsenite exposure (4 μM) in ESC, was the PI3K-AKT pathway linked with numerous downstream targets that control cell survival and apoptosis. Furthermore, the whole core transcription factor circuitry that control self-renewal of mouse ESC (Stat3-P-Tyr705, Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog) was strongly down-regulated by sodium arsenite (4 μM) exposure. This was followed by G2/M arrest and induction of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway that might be suppressed by caspase-9 and caspase-3 inhibitors. In contrast to mouse ESC with very low endogenous IL6, mouse neural stem/precursor cells (C17.2 clone immortalized by v-myc) with high endogenous production of IL6 exhibited a strong resistance to cytotoxic effects of sodium arsenite that could be decreased by inhibitory anti-IL6 antibody or Stat3 inhibition. In summary, our data demonstrated suppression of self-renewal and induction of apoptosis in mouse ESC by sodium arsenite exposure, which was further accelerated due to simultaneous inhibition of the protective PI3K-AKT and Stat3-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Ivanov
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Radiological Research, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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26
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Guardiola FA, Gónzalez-Párraga MP, Cuesta A, Meseguer J, Martínez S, Martínez-Sánchez MJ, Pérez-Sirvent C, Esteban MA. Immunotoxicological effects of inorganic arsenic on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 134-135:112-119. [PMID: 23603147 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) has been associated with multitude of animal and human health problems; however, its impact on host immune system has not been extensively investigated. In fish, there are very few works on the potential risks or problems associated to the presence of arsenic. In the present study we have evaluated the effects of exposure (30 days) to sub-lethal concentrations of arsenic (5 μM As₂O₃) in the teleost fish gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), with special emphasis in the innate immune response. The arsenic concentration was determined using atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) in liver and muscle of exposed fish showing As accumulation in the liver after 30 days of exposure. The hepatosomatic index was increased at significant extent after 10 days but returned to control values after 30 days of exposure. Histological alterations in the liver were observed including hypertrophy, vacuolization and cell-death processes. Focusing on the immunological response, the humoral immune parameters (seric IgM, complement and peroxidase activities) were no affected to a statistically significant extent. Regarding the cellular innate parameters, head-kidney leucocyte peroxidase, respiratory burst and phagocytic activities were significantly increased after 10 days of exposition compared to the control fish. Overall, As-exposure in the seabream affects the immune system. How this might interfere with fish biology, aquaculture management or human consumers warrants further investigations. This paper describes, for the first time, the immunotoxicological effects of arsenic exposure in the gilthead seabream, which is a species with the largest production in Mediterranean aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Guardiola
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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27
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Hubaux R, Becker-Santos DD, Enfield KS, Rowbotham D, Lam S, Lam WL, Martinez VD. Molecular features in arsenic-induced lung tumors. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:20. [PMID: 23510327 PMCID: PMC3626870 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is a well-known human carcinogen, which potentially affects ~160 million people worldwide via exposure to unsafe levels in drinking water. Lungs are one of the main target organs for arsenic-related carcinogenesis. These tumors exhibit particular features, such as squamous cell-type specificity and high incidence among never smokers. Arsenic-induced malignant transformation is mainly related to the biotransformation process intended for the metabolic clearing of the carcinogen, which results in specific genetic and epigenetic alterations that ultimately affect key pathways in lung carcinogenesis. Based on this, lung tumors induced by arsenic exposure could be considered an additional subtype of lung cancer, especially in the case of never-smokers, where arsenic is a known etiological agent. In this article, we review the current knowledge on the various mechanisms of arsenic carcinogenicity and the specific roles of this metalloid in signaling pathways leading to lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Hubaux
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
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28
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Age-related effects of sodium arsenite on splenocyte proliferation and Th1/Th2 cytokine production. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:375-82. [PMID: 22370793 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-0219-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 12/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with immune dysfunction and conditions such as inflamm-aging and immunosuppression. Arsenic, an environmental contaminant distributed worldwide, affects the immune system. This study tested the hypothesis that arsenic has distinct effects on T cell proliferation and the production of cytokines by activated T cells. Murine splenocytes from young (2 months) and aged (24-26 months) C57BL/6 mice were exposed to arsenite (As(3+)), the most toxic form of inorganic arsenic, and stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A) or anti-CD3 antibody. T cell proliferation decreased significantly in response to Con A and anti-CD3 at subtoxic doses of arsenite in splenocytes from both young and aged mice. Arsenite, added concurrently with Con A or anti-CD3, significantly inhibited the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and interleukin-4 (IL-4) by splenocytes from young mice and significantly reduced the production of IL-10 by splenocytes from aged mice. In contrast, the production of IL-2 and IL-4 by splenocytes from aged mice was only slightly affected by arsenite. The results show that arsenic exposure reduces the immune response in splenocytes. Moreover, this effect may be influenced by aging.
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29
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Lavanya S, Ramesh M, Kavitha C, Malarvizhi A. Hematological, biochemical and ionoregulatory responses of Indian major carp Catla catla during chronic sublethal exposure to inorganic arsenic. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 82:977-985. [PMID: 21094981 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In the present study the acute toxicity of arsenic trioxide in fingerlings of Catla catla an Indian major carp was evaluated with renewal bioassay method. The median lethal concentration of arsenic trioxide to the fish C. catla for 96 h was found to be 20.41 ppm (with 95% confidence limits). From this a non-lethal dose of (2.041 ppm; 1/10th of LC 50 96 value) was selected and fingerlings were exposed to 35 d and hematological, biochemical and ionoregulatory responses were studied at days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35. Arsenic trioxide produced a significant increase in hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBC count, plasma GPT levels and reduction in RBC count, plasma sodium, chloride, potassium, glucose, protein, GOT, LDH levels as compared to the control group. Gill Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity was influenced by arsenic trioxide exposure. A biphasic response was noted in the value of MCH and MCV. However the MCHC level was not altered in arsenic trioxide treated fish throughout the study period. Results of the present investigation suggest that arsenic trioxide affects the hematological, biochemical and ionoregulatory parameters of fish and alterations of these parameters can be useful in environmental biomonitoring of arsenic contamination.
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30
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Benekli M, Baumann H, Wetzler M. Targeting signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathway in leukemias. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27:4422-32. [PMID: 19667270 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.21.3264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins comprise a seven-member family of latent cytoplasmic transcription factors that are activated through tyrosine phosphorylation by a variety of cytokines and growth factors. Aberrant activation of STATs accompanies malignant cellular transformation with resultant leukemogenesis. Constitutive activation of STATs has been demonstrated in various leukemias. A better understanding of the mechanisms of dysregulation of the STAT pathway and understanding of the cause and effect relationship in leukemogenesis may serve as a basis for designing novel therapeutic strategies directed against STATs. Mechanisms of STAT activation, the potential role of STAT signaling in leukemogenesis, and recent advances in drug discovery targeting the STAT pathway are the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Benekli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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31
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Abstract
Arsenic is a metalloid that generates various biological effects on cells and tissues. Depending on the specific tissue exposed and the time and degree of exposure, diverse responses can be observed. In humans, prolonged and/or high dose exposure to arsenic can have a variety of outcomes, including the development of malignancies, severe gastrointestinal toxicities, diabetes, cardiac arrhythmias, and death. On the other hand, one arsenic derivative, arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)), has important antitumor properties. This agent is a potent inducer of antileukemic responses, and it is now approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia in humans. The promise and therapeutic potential of arsenic and its various derivatives have been exploited for hundreds of years. Remarkably, research focused on the potential use of arsenic compounds in the treatment of human diseases remains highly promising, and it is an area of active investigation. An emerging approach of interest and therapeutic potential involves efforts to target and block cellular pathways activated in a negative feedback manner during treatment of cells with As(2)O(3). Such an approach may ultimately provide the means to selectively enhance the suppressive effects of this agent on malignant cells and render normally resistant tumors sensitive to its antineoplastic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas C Platanias
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Hematology-Oncology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
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32
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Chang JS, Gu MB, Kim KW. Effect of arsenic on p53 mutation and occurrence of teratogenic salamanders: their potential as ecological indicators for arsenic contamination. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 75:948-954. [PMID: 19203779 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2008] [Revised: 12/27/2008] [Accepted: 01/02/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The p53 mutation in salamanders can be used as an indicator of arsenic contamination. The influence of arsenic exposure was studied on mutation of tumor suppressor gene in salamanders collected from several As-contaminated mine areas in Korea. Salamander eggs and larvae were exposed to arsenic in a toxicity test, and teratogenic salamanders found in heavy metal- and As-contaminated water from As-Bi mines were evaluated using PCR-SSCP to determine if they would be useful as an ecological indicator species. Changes in amino acids were shown to have occurred as a result of an arsenic-accumulating event that occurred after the DNA damage. In addition, both of the Hynobius leechii exposed groups were primarily affected by forms of skin damage, changes in the lateral tail/dorsal flexure and/or abnormality teratogenesis. Single-base sense mutation in codons 346 (AAG: Lys to ATG: Met), 224 (TTT: Phe to TTA: Leu), 211 (ATG: Met to AAG: Lys), 244 (TTT: Phe to TTTG: insertion), 245 (Glu GAG to Gln CAG) and 249 (TGT Cys to TGA stop) of the p53 gene were simultaneously found in mutated salamanders. Based on the results of our data illustrating the effect of arsenic exposure on the p53 mutation of salamanders in arsenic-contaminated mine areas, these mutated salamanders can be used as potential ecological indicators in the arsenic-contaminated ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Soo Chang
- Arsenic Geoenvironment Laboratory (National Research Laboratory), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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33
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Raqib R, Ahmed S, Sultana R, Wagatsuma Y, Mondal D, Hoque AMW, Nermell B, Yunus M, Roy S, Persson LA, Arifeen SE, Moore S, Vahter M. Effects of in utero arsenic exposure on child immunity and morbidity in rural Bangladesh. Toxicol Lett 2009; 185:197-202. [PMID: 19167470 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2008] [Revised: 01/04/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to arsenic, a potent carcinogen and toxicant, via drinking water is a worldwide public health problem. Because little is known about early-life effects of arsenic on immunity, we evaluated the impact of in utero exposure on infant immune parameters and morbidity in a pilot study. Pregnant women were enrolled at 6-10 weeks of gestation in Matlab, a rural area of Bangladesh, extensively affected by arsenic contamination of tubewell water. Women (n=140) delivering at local clinics were included in the study. Anthropometry and morbidity data of the pregnant women and their children, as well as infant thymic size by sonography were collected. Maternal urine and breast milk were collected for immune marker and arsenic assessment. Maternal urinary arsenic during pregnancy showed significant negative correlation with interleukin-7 (IL-7) and lactoferrin (Ltf) in breast milk and child thymic index (TI). Urinary arsenic was also positively associated with fever and diarrhea during pregnancy and acute respiratory infections (ARI) in the infants. The effect of arsenic exposure on ARI was only evident in male children. The findings suggest that in utero arsenic exposure impaired child thymic development and enhanced morbidity, probably via immunosuppression. The effect seemed to be partially gender dependent. Arsenic exposure also affected breast milk content of trophic factors and maternal morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubhana Raqib
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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Kovacic P, Somanathan R. Integrated approach to immunotoxicity: electron transfer, reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, cell signaling, and receptors. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2009; 28:323-46. [PMID: 18702007 DOI: 10.1080/10799890802305217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
As with all body organs, the immune system is subjected to attack by a variety of toxins. Serious consequences can result because the immune organs serve as a defense against infective agents. The toxins, both organic and inorganic, fall into a large variety of classes, such as metals, therapeutic drugs, industrial chemicals, pollutants, pesticides, fuels, herbicides and abused drugs. Although the mode of action is multifaceted, our focus is on electron transfer (ET), reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidants (AOs), cell signaling, and receptors. It is significant that the toxins or their metabolites incorporate ET functionalities capable of redox cycling with resultant generation of ROS and accompanying oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kovacic
- Department of Chemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-1030, USA.
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35
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Arsenic trioxide inhibits hepatitis C virus RNA replication through modulation of the glutathione redox system and oxidative stress. J Virol 2008; 83:2338-48. [PMID: 19109388 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01840-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO), a therapeutic reagent used for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia, has recently been reported to increase human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infectivity. However, in this study, we have demonstrated that replication of genome-length hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA (O strain of genotype 1b) was notably inhibited by ATO at submicromolar concentrations without cell toxicity. RNA replication of HCV-JFH1 (genotype 2a) and the release of core protein into the culture supernatants were also inhibited by ATO after the HCV infection. To clarify the mechanism of the anti-HCV activity of ATO, we examined whether or not PML is associated with this anti-HCV activity, since PML is known to be a target of ATO. Interestingly, we observed the cytoplasmic translocation of PML after treatment with ATO. However, ATO still inhibited the HCV RNA replication even in the PML knockdown cells, suggesting that PML is dispensable for the anti-HCV activity of ATO. In contrast, we found that N-acetyl-cysteine, an antioxidant and glutathione precursor, completely and partially eliminated the anti-HCV activity of ATO after 24 h and 72 h of treatment, respectively. In this context, it is worth noting that we found an elevation of intracellular superoxide anion radical, but not hydrogen peroxide, and the depletion of intracellular glutathione in the ATO-treated cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that ATO inhibits the HCV RNA replication through modulation of the glutathione redox system and oxidative stress.
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36
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HEFFETER P, JUNGWIRTH U, JAKUPEC M, HARTINGER C, GALANSKI M, ELBLING L, MICKSCHE M, KEPPLER B, BERGER W. Resistance against novel anticancer metal compounds: Differences and similarities. Drug Resist Updat 2008; 11:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Revised: 02/14/2008] [Accepted: 02/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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37
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Huang YC, Hung WC, Kang WY, Chen WT, Chai CY. Expression of STAT3 and Bcl-6 oncoprotein in sodium arsenite-treated SV-40 immortalized human uroepithelial cells. Toxicol Lett 2007; 173:57-65. [PMID: 17689208 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Revised: 06/13/2007] [Accepted: 06/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is widely distributed in the environment, and it is a proven toxic and carcinogenic agent. On the southwest coast of Taiwan, an endemic occurrence of chronic arsenical poisoning due to a high concentration of arsenic in artesian-well water has been reported. However, the mechanisms of its carcinogenic action are still unclear. The Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is an essential cascade for mediating normal functions of different cytokines in the development of the hematopoietic and immune systems. In this study, the substantial morphological changes observed in SV-40 immortalized human uroepithelial cells (SV-HUC-1) after treatment of various concentrations of arsenite were examined, and the expression of Bcl-6, Jak-2 and p-STAT3 (Tyr 705) were evaluated by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. Our results showed that the expression of Bcl-6 increased dose-dependently in arsenite-treated urothelial cells. Sodium arsenite treatment reduced Jak-2 protein expression in a dose-dependent manner. However, treatment of SV-HUC-1 cells with arsenite at concentration ranges from 2 and 4microM for 48h dramatically increased p-STAT3 (Tyr 705), but the levels decreased at 8-40microM of arsenite. Our data suggest that arsenic-mediated inactivation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway might be caused by Bcl-6 interaction with JAK tyrosine kinase or STAT. In conclusion, our findings indicate that arsenic inhibits JAK tyrosine kinase protein expression and suggest the interference in the JAK-STAT pathway might be through Bcl-6 playing an important role in arsenic-associated carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chun Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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38
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Datta S, Saha DR, Ghosh D, Majumdar T, Bhattacharya S, Mazumder S. Sub-lethal concentration of arsenic interferes with the proliferation of hepatocytes and induces in vivo apoptosis in Clarias batrachus L. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2007; 145:339-49. [PMID: 17336163 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2007.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2006] [Revised: 01/03/2007] [Accepted: 01/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We studied the hepatocellular alterations induced by sub-lethal concentrations (0.50 muM) of arsenic in Indian catfish Clarias batrachus L. Sub-lethal arsenic exposure altered serum aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels and brought about significant changes in different serum biochemical parameters. Arsenic exposure reduced total hepatocyte protein content and suppressed the proliferation of hepatocytes in a time-dependent manner. Routine histological studies on liver documented arsenic-induced changes characterized by dilated sinusoids, formation of intracellular edema, megalocytosis, vacuolation and appearance of hepatic cells with distorted nuclei. Transmission electron microscopy of hepatocytes further revealed hyperplasia and hypertrophy of mitochondria, development of dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum and changes in peroxisome size with duration of arsenic exposure. Degeneration of mitochondrial cristae and condensation of chromatin was also evident in arsenic-exposed hepatocytes. A significant number of hepatocytes isolated from arsenic-exposed fish stained with annexin V and demonstrated DNA ladder characteristic of apoptosis. Single-cell gel electrophoresis of exposed hepatocytes also revealed the development of comets usually seen in apoptotic cells. Using specific inhibitors it was determined that the arsenic-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes was caspase-mediated, involving the caspase 3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Datta
- Immunobiology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731 235, India
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Ghosh D, Datta S, Bhattacharya S, Mazumder S. Long-term exposure to arsenic affects head kidney and impairs humoral immune responses of Clarias batrachus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2007; 81:79-89. [PMID: 17182119 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2006] [Revised: 11/05/2006] [Accepted: 11/07/2006] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at determining the effects of long-term arsenic exposure on the head kidney (HK) and ensuing humoral immune responses in Clarias batrachus L. Long-term exposure (150 days) to non-lethal concentrations of arsenic (42.42 microM) resulted in significant time-dependent alterations in HK cell number eventually affecting the HK somatic index. Prolonged exposure to arsenic also suppressed HK-B cell proliferation and led to significant reduction in serum immunoglobulin levels and antigen-specific serum bacterial agglutinin titers. A decline in the number of antigen-specific plaque-forming cells with duration of arsenic exposure was noted in the HK. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays further revealed that arsenic exposure inhibited the release of "IL-4 like factors" from HK-T cells. Histological studies documented time-dependent changes in the structure and cellular composition of HK characterized by extensive lymphocytopenia, decrease in melano-macrophage population and hemosiderin accumulation. From exposure-challenge studies with Aeromonas hydrophila it was evident that pathogens could efficiently disseminate and colonize distant host tissues in the exposed fish. Moreover, the ability to decrease the pathogen load was also significantly reduced in the arsenic-exposed fish. Thus long-term exposure to non-lethal concentrations of arsenic affects HK and interferes with the humoral immune system of C. batrachus rendering them immunocompromised and susceptible to pathogenic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Ghosh
- Immunobiology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
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Wang Q, Guo XL, Noel G, Ogle C. HEAT SHOCK STRESS AMELIORATES CYTOKINE MIXTURE-INDUCED PERMEABILITY BY DOWNREGULATING THE NITRIC OXIDE AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCER AND ACTIVATOR OF TRANSCRIPTION PATHWAYS IN CACO-2 CELLS. Shock 2007; 27:179-85. [PMID: 17224793 DOI: 10.1097/01.shk.0000238070.66900.0e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines are known to impair intestinal barrier function and to activate signaling pathways, whereas heat shock responses prevent cytokine-induced mucosal damage. We hypothesized that heat shock response blocks the effects of proinflammatory cytokines by regulating nitric oxide (NO) production and the activities of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway. A monolayer of Caco-2 cells were pretreated with sodium arsenite (SA, 500 micromol/L) for 1 h, followed by a 1-h recovery, and then stimulated with a cytokine mixture (cytomix: tumor necrosis factor alpha [10 ng/mL], interferon beta [1000 U/mL], and interleukin [IL] 1beta [1 ng/mL]) for 24 h. The permeability of horseradish peroxidase and fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated Dextran and transepithelial resistance and potential difference were measured in Ussing chambers. Interleukin-6, IL-8, NO, inducible NO synthase mRNA, STAT activity, and suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) expression were measured in medium or cell lysates. Cytomix resulted in increased epithelial permeability of both fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated Dextran and horseradish peroxidase; whereas treatment of Caco-2 cells with SA 500 micromol/L blocked the cytomix-induced permeability changes. In addition, SA treatment decreased cytomix-induced NO production and inducible NO synthase mRNA expression and decreased the levels of STAT1, STAT3, SOCS1, and SOCS3. The SA treatment also decreased cytomix-induced IL-6 and IL-8 production in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, cytomix increased epithelial permeability, which is associated with increased NO and STAT activities. The SA treatment ameliorated cytomix-induced permeability, possibly through the downregulation of the NO and Janus kinase/STAT pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wang
- Department of Research, Shriners Hospital for Children, and Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH 45229-3229, USA
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41
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Breton CV, Houseman EA, Kile ML, Quamruzzaman Q, Rahman M, Mahiuddin G, Christiani DC. Gender-specific protective effect of hemoglobin on arsenic-induced skin lesions. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006; 15:902-7. [PMID: 16702368 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-05-0859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic arsenic poisoning remains a public health crisis in Bangladesh. As arsenic has been shown to bind to human hemoglobin (Hb), hematologic mechanisms may play a role in the pathway through which arsenic exerts its toxicity. Two separate studies, a case-control and a cohort, were conducted to investigate the role of Hb in the development of arsenic-induced skin lesions. In the first, conditional logistic regression was used to investigate the effect of Hb on skin lesions among 900 case-control pairs from Pabna, Bangladesh, in which individuals were matched on gender, age, and location. In the second, mixed linear regression models were used to examine the association between toenail arsenic, urinary arsenic, and Hb within a cohort of 184 individuals from 50 families in the same region who did not have arsenic-induced skin lesions. Hb was significantly associated with skin lesions but this association was gender specific. In males, a 40% reduction in the odds of skin lesions occurred for every 1 g/dL increase in Hb (odds ratio, 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.49-0.73). No effect was observed for females (odds ratio, 1.16; 95% confidence interval, 0.92-1.46). In the cohort of 184 individuals, no associations between toenail arsenic or urinary arsenic species and Hb levels were observed. Low Hb levels may exacerbate the detrimental health effects of chronic arsenic poisoning. Whereas providing clean water remains the optimal solution to Bangladesh's problem of arsenic poisoning, improving nutrition and reducing iron-deficiency anemia may ameliorate negative health effects, such as skin lesions in individuals who have been exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie V Breton
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Room 1420, Building I, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Ivanov VN, Hei TK. Sodium arsenite accelerates TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in melanoma cells through upregulation of TRAIL-R1/R2 surface levels and downregulation of cFLIP expression. Exp Cell Res 2006; 312:4120-38. [PMID: 17070520 PMCID: PMC1839882 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2006] [Revised: 08/23/2006] [Accepted: 09/13/2006] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AP-1/cJun, NF-kappaB and STAT3 transcription factors control expression of numerous genes, which regulate critical cell functions including proliferation, survival and apoptosis. Sodium arsenite is known to suppress both the IKK-NF-kappaB and JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathways and to activate the MAPK/JNK-cJun pathways, thereby committing some cancers to undergo apoptosis. Indeed, sodium arsenite is an effective drug for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia with little nonspecific toxicity. Malignant melanoma is highly refractory to conventional radio- and chemotherapy. In the present study, we observed strong effects of sodium arsenite treatment on upregulation of TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in human and mouse melanomas. Arsenite treatment upregulated surface levels of death receptors, TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2, through increased translocation of these proteins from cytoplasm to the cell surface. Furthermore, activation of cJun and suppression of NF-kappaB by sodium arsenite resulted in upregulation of the endogenous TRAIL and downregulation of the cFLIP gene expression (which encodes one of the main anti-apoptotic proteins in melanomas) followed by cFLIP protein degradation and, finally, by acceleration of TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Direct suppression of cFLIP expression by cFLIP RNAi also accelerated TRAIL-induced apoptosis in these melanomas, while COX-2 suppression substantially increased levels of both TRAIL-induced and arsenite-induced apoptosis. In contrast, overexpression of permanently active AKTmyr inhibited TRAIL-mediated apoptosis via downregulation of TRAIL-R1 levels. Finally, AKT overactivation increased melanoma survival in cell culture and dramatically accelerated growth of melanoma transplant in vivo, highlighting a role of AKT suppression for effective anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Ivanov
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Saulle E, Riccioni R, Pelosi E, Stafness M, Mariani G, De Tuglie G, Peschle C, Testa U. In vitro dual effect of arsenic trioxide on hemopoiesis: inhibition of erythropoiesis and stimulation of megakaryocytic maturation. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2005; 36:59-76. [PMID: 16360329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2005.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2005] [Accepted: 10/10/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although the arsenic compounds are now widely utilized in clinics in the treatment of various tumors, their effects on normal hematopoiesis do not seem to have been explored. In the present study, we provide evidence that arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)) exerts in vitro a potent inhibitory effect on normal erythropoiesis and a stimulatory action on megakaryocytic differentiation. The effect of As(2)O(3) on erythroid and megakaryocytic differentiation was evaluated on both erythroleukemic cell lines K562 and HEL and on normal hemopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) induced to selective erythroid or megakaryocytic differentiation. The inhibitory effect of As(2)O(3) on erythropoiesis is related to: (a) the inhibition of Stat5 activation with consequent reduced expression of the target genes Bcl-X(L) and glycophorin-A; (b) the activation of an apoptotic mechanism that leads to the cleavage of the erythroid transcription factors Tal-1 and GATA-1, whose integrity is required for erythroid cell survival and differentiation; (c) the reduced expression of heat shock protein 70, required for GATA-1 integrity. The stimulatory effect of As(2)O(3) on normal megakaryocytopoiesis is seemingly related to upmodulation of GATA-2 expression and to stimulation of MAPK activity. These observations may have implications for the patients undergoing anti-leukemic treatment with this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernestina Saulle
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Hermann AC, Kim CH. Effects of arsenic on zebrafish innate immune system. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2005; 7:494-505. [PMID: 16007375 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-004-4109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2004] [Accepted: 12/23/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune response, the first line of defense against invading pathogens, can be perturbed by environmental toxicants such as arsenic. This study reports the effects of arsenic on innate immunity of zebrafish. Respiratory burst activity, messenger RNA expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), a primer of the respiratory burst response, and mRNA expression of the antiviral cytokines interferon (IFN) and MX, : before and after viral infection, were examined in arsenic-exposed zebrafish larvae. Respiratory burst activity and TNF-alpha expression were decreased upon arsenic exposure, indicating inhibition of TNF-alpha priming of the respiratory burst response. Arsenic enhanced IFN expression slightly over time, but reduced MX : expression. In zebrafish infected with snakehead rhabdovirus, arsenic decreased induction and altered the kinetics of IFN and MX : upon infection. Differences in IFN and MX : expression in arsenic-exposed larvae point toward an interruption of the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Hermann
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of Maine, 5735 Hitchner Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA
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N/A, 成 军, 郑 玉. N/A. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2005; 13:1737-1743. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v13.i14.1737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Wu SH, Cheng J, Zheng YJ, Zhang YX, Liu Y, Guo J, Zhang LY, Wang GQ. Screening and identification of target genes differentially expressed in HepG2 cells treated with arsenic trioxide by suppression subtractive hybridization technique. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2005; 13:1535-1539. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v13.i13.1535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To clone and identify human genes differentially expressed in human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells treated with arsenic trioxide by constructing a subtractive cDNA library with suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) technique, and to elucidate the molecular mechanism of arsenic trioxide in the regulation of liver cells.
METHODS: The mRNA was isolated from HepG2 cells treated with arsenic trioxide and PBS, respectively, and then cDNA was synthesized. After digestion of restriction enzyme RsaI, small sizes cDNA were obtained. Then the tester cDNA was subdivided into two portions and each was ligated with a different cDNA adaptor. After the tester cDNA was hybridized with driver cDNA (twice) and underwent nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (twice), the DNA fragment was subcloned into T/A plasmid vectors to establish the subtractive cDNA library. Amplification of the library was performed in E. coli strain JM109. The amplified cDNA was sequenced and analyzed in GenBank with BLAST search after colony PCR.
RESULTS: The subtractive cDNA library of genes differentially expressed in HepG2 cells treated with arsenic trioxide was constructed successfully. The amplified library contained 109 positive clones. Colony PCR showed that these clones all contained 200-1 000 bp inserts. Thirty-six clones were analyzed by sequencing and bioinformatics. The results showed there were 15 coding sequences with known function and 6 novel ones with unknown function.
CONCLUSION: A subtractive cDNA library of genes differentially expressed in HepG2 cells treated with arsenic trioxide was constructed successfully using SSH technique.
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Florea AM, Yamoah EN, Dopp E. Intracellular calcium disturbances induced by arsenic and its methylated derivatives in relation to genomic damage and apoptosis induction. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2005; 113:659-64. [PMID: 15929885 PMCID: PMC1257587 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.7634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic and its methylated derivatives are contaminants of air, water, and food and are known as toxicants and carcinogens. Arsenic compounds are also being used as cancer chemotherapeutic agents. In humans, inorganic arsenic is metabolically methylated to mono-, di-, and trimethylated forms. Recent findings suggest that the methylation reactions represent a toxification rather than a detoxification pathway. In recent years, the correlation between arsenic exposure, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, mutagenicity, and tumor promotion has been established, as well as the association of arsenic exposure with perturbation of physiologic processes, generation of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, and apoptosis induction. Trivalent forms of arsenic have been found to induce apoptosis in several cellular systems with involvement of membrane-bound cell death receptors, activation of caspases, release of calcium stores, and changes of the intracellular glutathione level. It is well known that calcium ion deregulation plays a critical role in apoptotic cell death. A calcium increase in the nuclei might lead to toxic effects in the cell. In this review, we highlight the relationship between induced disturbances of calcium homeostasis, genomic damage, and apoptotic cell death caused by arsenic and its organic derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Florea
- Institute of Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
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Ivanov VN, Hei TK. Combined treatment with EGFR inhibitors and arsenite upregulated apoptosis in human EGFR-positive melanomas: a role of suppression of the PI3K-AKT pathway. Oncogene 2005; 24:616-26. [PMID: 15580309 PMCID: PMC4394621 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is expressed, albeit at low or intermediate levels, in human melanomas at the different stages of tumor progression. Coexpression of EGFR with its ligand TGFalpha indicates their role in paracrine and autocrine growth regulation of melanomas. As it was previously observed for several types of cancer, specific inhibitors of EGFR-mediated signaling may reduce antiapoptotic properties of cancer cells and sensitize them to cytotoxic drugs. We recently reported that arsenite, particularly in combination with inhibitors of the PI3K-AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase (MEK)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways, induces high levels of apoptosis in different melanomas. Since EGFR signaling operates via activation of the PI3K-AKT and MEK-ERK pathways, we suggested that the combination of arsenite and EGFR inhibitors might also effectively induce apoptosis in melanoma. Here, we demonstrate that a moderate concentration of arsenite (5-10 muM) indeed upregulates apoptosis induced by EGFR inhibitors in EGFR-positive melanomas. In contrast, induction of apoptosis in melanomas with negligible surface expression of EGFR or with defective EGFR signaling requires direct suppression of the PI3K-AKT and MAPK pathways by specific pharmacological inhibitors in the presence of arsenite. Under these conditions, metastatic melanoma cell lines undergo TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)- and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha)-mediated apoptosis. Taken together, these data provide additional approaches in sensitizing melanomas to the cytotoxic effects of specific inhibitors of survival pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Ivanov
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168-th St, VC11-218, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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McEwen E, Kedersha N, Song B, Scheuner D, Gilks N, Han A, Chen JJ, Anderson P, Kaufman RJ. Heme-regulated inhibitor kinase-mediated phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 inhibits translation, induces stress granule formation, and mediates survival upon arsenite exposure. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:16925-33. [PMID: 15684421 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m412882200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to arsenite inhibits protein synthesis and activates multiple stress signaling pathways. Although arsenite has diverse effects on cell metabolism, we demonstrated that phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 at Ser-51 on the alpha subunit was necessary to inhibit protein synthesis initiation in arsenite-treated cells and was essential for stress granule formation. Of the four protein kinases known to phosphorylate eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha, only the heme-regulated inhibitor kinase (HRI) was required for the translational inhibition in response to arsenite treatment in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. In addition, HRI expression was required for stress granule formation and cellular survival after arsenite treatment. In vivo studies elucidated a fundamental requirement for HRI in murine survival upon acute arsenite exposure. The results demonstrated an essential role for HRI in mediating arsenite stress-induced phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha, inhibition of protein synthesis, stress granule formation, and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward McEwen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
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Benbrahim-Tallaa L, Waterland RA, Styblo M, Achanzar WE, Webber MM, Waalkes MP. Molecular events associated with arsenic-induced malignant transformation of human prostatic epithelial cells: aberrant genomic DNA methylation and K-ras oncogene activation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2005; 206:288-98. [PMID: 16039940 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2004.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2004] [Revised: 11/15/2004] [Accepted: 11/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies link arsenic exposure to human cancers in a variety of tissues, including the prostate. Our prior work showed that chronic arsenic exposure of the non-tumorigenic, human prostate epithelial cell line, RWPE-1, to low levels of (5 microM) sodium arsenite for 29 weeks resulted in malignant transformation and produced the tumorigenic CAsE-PE cell line. The present work focuses on the molecular events occurring during this arsenic-induced malignant transformation. Genomic DNA methylation was significantly reduced in CAsE-PE cells. A time course experiment showed that during malignant transformation DNA methyltransferase activity was markedly reduced by arsenic. However, DNA methyltransferase mRNA levels were not affected by arsenic exposure. Microarray screening showed that K-ras was highly overexpressed in CAsE-PE cells, a result further confirmed by Northern blot and Western blot analyses. Since ras activation is thought to be a critical event in prostate cancer progression, further detailed study was performed. Time course experiments also showed that increased K-ras expression preceded malignant transformation. Mutational analysis of codons 12, 13, and 61 indicated the absence of K-ras mutations. The K-ras gene can be activated by hypomethylation, but our study showed that CpG methylation in K-ras promoter region was not altered by arsenic exposure. Arsenic metabolism studies showed RWPE-1, CAsE-PE, and primary human prostate cells all had a very poor capacity for arsenic methylation. Thus, inorganic arsenic-induced transformation in human cells is associated with genomic DNA hypomethylation and K-ras overexpression. However, overexpression of K-ras occurred without mutations and through a mechanism other than promoter region hypomethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Benbrahim-Tallaa
- Inorganic Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, NCI at NIEHS, MD F0-09, 111 Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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