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Kelly AR, Glover DJ. Information Transmission through Biotic-Abiotic Interfaces to Restore or Enhance Human Function. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:3605-3628. [PMID: 38729914 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Advancements in reliable information transfer across biotic-abiotic interfaces have enabled the restoration of lost human function. For example, communication between neuronal cells and electrical devices restores the ability to walk to a tetraplegic patient and vision to patients blinded by retinal disease. These impactful medical achievements are aided by tailored biotic-abiotic interfaces that maximize information transfer fidelity by considering the physical properties of the underlying biological and synthetic components. This Review develops a modular framework to define and describe the engineering of biotic and abiotic components as well as the design of interfaces to facilitate biotic-abiotic information transfer using light or electricity. Delineating the properties of the biotic, interface, and abiotic components that enable communication can serve as a guide for future research in this highly interdisciplinary field. Application of synthetic biology to engineer light-sensitive proteins has facilitated the control of neural signaling and the restoration of rudimentary vision after retinal blindness. Electrophysiological methodologies that use brain-computer interfaces and stimulating implants to bypass spinal column injuries have led to the rehabilitation of limb movement and walking ability. Cellular interfacing methodologies and on-chip learning capability have been made possible by organic transistors that mimic the information processing capacity of neurons. The collaboration of molecular biologists, material scientists, and electrical engineers in the emerging field of biotic-abiotic interfacing will lead to the development of prosthetics capable of responding to thought and experiencing touch sensation via direct integration into the human nervous system. Further interdisciplinary research will improve electrical and optical interfacing technologies for the restoration of vision, offering greater visual acuity and potentially color vision in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Kelly
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Dominic J Glover
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Sun P, Li C, Yang C, Sun M, Hou H, Guan Y, Chen J, Liu S, Chen K, Ma Y, Huang Y, Li X, Wang H, Wang L, Chen S, Cheng H, Xiong W, Sheng X, Zhang M, Peng J, Wang S, Wang Y, Yin L. A biodegradable and flexible neural interface for transdermal optoelectronic modulation and regeneration of peripheral nerves. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4721. [PMID: 38830884 PMCID: PMC11148186 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Optoelectronic neural interfaces can leverage the photovoltaic effect to convert light into electrical current, inducing charge redistribution and enabling nerve stimulation. This method offers a non-genetic and remote approach for neuromodulation. Developing biodegradable and efficient optoelectronic neural interfaces is important for achieving transdermal stimulation while minimizing infection risks associated with device retrieval, thereby maximizing therapeutic outcomes. We propose a biodegradable, flexible, and miniaturized silicon-based neural interface capable of transdermal optoelectronic stimulation for neural modulation and nerve regeneration. Enhancing the device interface with thin-film molybdenum significantly improves the efficacy of neural stimulation. Our study demonstrates successful activation of the sciatic nerve in rodents and the facial nerve in rabbits. Moreover, transdermal optoelectronic stimulation accelerates the functional recovery of injured facial nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Chaochao Li
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Can Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Mengchun Sun
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Hanqing Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Guan
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Jinger Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Shangbin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Kuntao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yunxiang Huang
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Xiangling Li
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Huachun Wang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
| | - Liu Wang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Shengfeng Chen
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Haofeng Cheng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Xing Sheng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Institute for Precision Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Milin Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226007, P. R. China
| | - Shirong Wang
- MegaRobo Technologies Co. ltd, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and Injuries PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China.
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226007, P. R. China.
| | - Lan Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.
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Sander MY, Zhu X. Infrared neuromodulation-a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2024; 87:066701. [PMID: 38701769 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad4729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Infrared (IR) neuromodulation (INM) is an emerging light-based neuromodulation approach that can reversibly control neuronal and muscular activities through the transient and localized deposition of pulsed IR light without requiring any chemical or genetic pre-treatment of the target cells. Though the efficacy and short-term safety of INM have been widely demonstrated in both peripheral and central nervous systems, the investigations of the detailed cellular and biological processes and the underlying biophysical mechanisms are still ongoing. In this review, we discuss the current research progress in the INM field with a focus on the more recently discovered IR nerve inhibition. Major biophysical mechanisms associated with IR nerve stimulation are summarized. As the INM effects are primarily attributed to the spatiotemporal thermal transients induced by water and tissue absorption of pulsed IR light, temperature monitoring techniques and simulation models adopted in INM studies are discussed. Potential translational applications, current limitations, and challenges of the field are elucidated to provide guidance for future INM research and advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Y Sander
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, 8 Saint Mary's Street, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, 15 Saint Mary's Street, Brookline, MA 02446, United States of America
- Photonics Center, Boston University, 8 Saint Mary's Street, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, 24 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - Xuedong Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
- Photonics Center, Boston University, 8 Saint Mary's Street, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, 24 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
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Garrido-Peña A, Sanchez-Martin P, Reyes-Sanchez M, Levi R, Rodriguez FB, Castilla J, Tornero J, Varona P. Modulation of neuronal dynamics by sustained and activity-dependent continuous-wave near-infrared laser stimulation. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:024308. [PMID: 38764942 PMCID: PMC11100521 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.2.024308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Significance Near-infrared laser illumination is a non-invasive alternative/complement to classical stimulation methods in neuroscience but the mechanisms underlying its action on neuronal dynamics remain unclear. Most studies deal with high-frequency pulsed protocols and stationary characterizations disregarding the dynamic modulatory effect of sustained and activity-dependent stimulation. The understanding of such modulation and its widespread dissemination can help to develop specific interventions for research applications and treatments for neural disorders. Aim We quantified the effect of continuous-wave near-infrared (CW-NIR) laser illumination on single neuron dynamics using sustained stimulation and an open-source activity-dependent protocol to identify the biophysical mechanisms underlying this modulation and its time course. Approach We characterized the effect by simultaneously performing long intracellular recordings of membrane potential while delivering sustained and closed-loop CW-NIR laser stimulation. We used waveform metrics and conductance-based models to assess the role of specific biophysical candidates on the modulation. Results We show that CW-NIR sustained illumination asymmetrically accelerates action potential dynamics and the spiking rate on single neurons, while closed-loop stimulation unveils its action at different phases of the neuron dynamics. Our model study points out the action of CW-NIR on specific ionic-channels and the key role of temperature on channel properties to explain the modulatory effect. Conclusions Both sustained and activity-dependent CW-NIR stimulation effectively modulate neuronal dynamics by a combination of biophysical mechanisms. Our open-source protocols can help to disseminate this non-invasive optical stimulation in novel research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Garrido-Peña
- Grupo de Neurocomputación Biológica, Departamento de Ingeniería Informática, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Sanchez-Martin
- Grupo de Neurocomputación Biológica, Departamento de Ingeniería Informática, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Reyes-Sanchez
- Grupo de Neurocomputación Biológica, Departamento de Ingeniería Informática, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Levi
- Grupo de Neurocomputación Biológica, Departamento de Ingeniería Informática, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco B. Rodriguez
- Grupo de Neurocomputación Biológica, Departamento de Ingeniería Informática, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Castilla
- Hospital los Madroños, Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Brunete, Spain
| | - Jesus Tornero
- Hospital los Madroños, Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Brunete, Spain
| | - Pablo Varona
- Grupo de Neurocomputación Biológica, Departamento de Ingeniería Informática, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Fu P, Liu Y, Zhu L, Wang M, Yu Y, Yang F, Zhang W, Zhang H, Shoham S, Roe AW, Xi W. Two-photon imaging of excitatory and inhibitory neural response to infrared neural stimulation. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:025003. [PMID: 38800606 PMCID: PMC11125280 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.2.025003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Significance Pulsed infrared neural stimulation (INS, 1875 nm) is an emerging neurostimulation technology that delivers focal pulsed heat to activate functionally specific mesoscale networks and holds promise for clinical application. However, little is known about its effect on excitatory and inhibitory cell types in cerebral cortex. Aim Estimates of summed population neuronal response time courses provide a potential basis for neural and hemodynamic signals described in other studies. Approach Using two-photon calcium imaging in mouse somatosensory cortex, we have examined the effect of INS pulse train application on hSyn neurons and mDlx neurons tagged with GCaMP6s. Results We find that, in anesthetized mice, each INS pulse train reliably induces robust response in hSyn neurons exhibiting positive going responses. Surprisingly, mDlx neurons exhibit negative going responses. Quantification using the index of correlation illustrates responses are reproducible, intensity-dependent, and focal. Also, a contralateral activation is observed when INS applied. Conclusions In sum, the population of neurons stimulated by INS includes both hSyn and mDlx neurons; within a range of stimulation intensities, this leads to overall excitation in the stimulated population, leading to the previously observed activations at distant post-synaptic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Fu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- KU Leuven Medical School, Laboratory for Neuro- and Psychophysiology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liang Zhu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Yu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fen Yang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Zhejiang University, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hequn Zhang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shy Shoham
- NYU Langone Health, Department of Ophthalmology and Tech4Health and Neuroscience Institutes, New York, New York, United States
| | - Anna Wang Roe
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wang Xi
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Hangzhou, China
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Stoddart PR, Begeng JM, Tong W, Ibbotson MR, Kameneva T. Nanoparticle-based optical interfaces for retinal neuromodulation: a review. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1360870. [PMID: 38572073 PMCID: PMC10987880 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1360870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of photoreceptors in the retina is a leading cause of blindness, but commonly leaves the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and/or bipolar cells extant. Consequently, these cells are an attractive target for the invasive electrical implants colloquially known as "bionic eyes." However, after more than two decades of concerted effort, interfaces based on conventional electrical stimulation approaches have delivered limited efficacy, primarily due to the current spread in retinal tissue, which precludes high-acuity vision. The ideal prosthetic solution would be less invasive, provide single-cell resolution and an ability to differentiate between different cell types. Nanoparticle-mediated approaches can address some of these requirements, with particular attention being directed at light-sensitive nanoparticles that can be accessed via the intrinsic optics of the eye. Here we survey the available known nanoparticle-based optical transduction mechanisms that can be exploited for neuromodulation. We review the rapid progress in the field, together with outstanding challenges that must be addressed to translate these techniques to clinical practice. In particular, successful translation will likely require efficient delivery of nanoparticles to stable and precisely defined locations in the retinal tissues. Therefore, we also emphasize the current literature relating to the pharmacokinetics of nanoparticles in the eye. While considerable challenges remain to be overcome, progress to date shows great potential for nanoparticle-based interfaces to revolutionize the field of visual prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R. Stoddart
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - James M. Begeng
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wei Tong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael R. Ibbotson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tatiana Kameneva
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
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Coventry BS, Lawlor GL, Bagnati CB, Krogmeier C, Bartlett EL. Characterization and closed-loop control of infrared thalamocortical stimulation produces spatially constrained single-unit responses. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae082. [PMID: 38725532 PMCID: PMC11079674 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a powerful tool for the treatment of circuitopathy-related neurological and psychiatric diseases and disorders such as Parkinson's disease and obsessive-compulsive disorder, as well as a critical research tool for perturbing neural circuits and exploring neuroprostheses. Electrically mediated DBS, however, is limited by the spread of stimulus currents into tissue unrelated to disease course and treatment, potentially causing undesirable patient side effects. In this work, we utilize infrared neural stimulation (INS), an optical neuromodulation technique that uses near to midinfrared light to drive graded excitatory and inhibitory responses in nerves and neurons, to facilitate an optical and spatially constrained DBS paradigm. INS has been shown to provide spatially constrained responses in cortical neurons and, unlike other optical techniques, does not require genetic modification of the neural target. We show that INS produces graded, biophysically relevant single-unit responses with robust information transfer in rat thalamocortical circuits. Importantly, we show that cortical spread of activation from thalamic INS produces more spatially constrained response profiles than conventional electrical stimulation. Owing to observed spatial precision of INS, we used deep reinforcement learning (RL) for closed-loop control of thalamocortical circuits, creating real-time representations of stimulus-response dynamics while driving cortical neurons to precise firing patterns. Our data suggest that INS can serve as a targeted and dynamic stimulation paradigm for both open and closed-loop DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S Coventry
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Center for Implantable Devices and the Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Georgia L Lawlor
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Center for Implantable Devices and the Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Christina B Bagnati
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Claudia Krogmeier
- Department of Computer Graphics Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Edward L Bartlett
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Center for Implantable Devices and the Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Zhuo J, Weidrick CE, Liu Y, Moffitt MA, Jansen ED, Chiel HJ, Jenkins MW. Selective Infrared Neural Inhibition Can Be Reproduced by Resistive Heating. Neuromodulation 2023; 26:1757-1771. [PMID: 36707292 PMCID: PMC10366334 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Small-diameter afferent axons carry various sensory signals that are critical for vital physiological conditions but sometimes contribute to pathologies. Infrared (IR) neural inhibition (INI) can induce selective heat block of small-diameter axons, which holds potential for translational applications such as pain management. Previous research suggested that IR-heating-induced acceleration of voltage-gated potassium channel kinetics is the mechanism for INI. Therefore, we hypothesized that other heating methods, such as resistive heating (RH) in a cuff, could reproduce the selective inhibition observed in INI. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted ex vivo nerve-heating experiments on pleural-abdominal connective nerves of Aplysia californica using both IR and RH. We fabricated a transparent silicone nerve cuff for simultaneous IR heating, RH, and temperature measurements. Temperature elevations (ΔT) on the nerve surface were recorded for both heating modalities, which were tested over a range of power levels that cover a similar ΔT range. We recorded electrically evoked compound action potentials (CAPs) and segmented them into fast and slow subcomponents on the basis of conduction velocity differences between the large and small-diameter axonal subpopulations. We calculated the normalized inhibition strength and inhibition selectivity index on the basis of the rectified area under the curve of each subpopulation. RESULTS INI and RH showed a similar selective inhibition effect on CAP subcomponents for slow-conducting axons, confirmed by the inhibition probability vs ΔT dose-response curve based on approximately 2000 CAP measurements. The inhibition selectivity indexes of the two heating modalities were similar across six nerves. RH only required half the total electrical power required by INI to achieve a similar ΔT. SIGNIFICANCE We show that selective INI can be reproduced by other heating modalities such as RH. RH, because of its high energy efficiency and simple design, can be a good candidate for future implantable neural interface designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Zhuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chloe E Weidrick
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yehe Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael A Moffitt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - E Duco Jansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Biophotonics Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hillel J Chiel
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH, USA; Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael W Jenkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Coventry BS, Lawlor GL, Bagnati CB, Krogmeier C, Bartlett EL. Spatially specific, closed-loop infrared thalamocortical deep brain stimulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.04.560859. [PMID: 37904955 PMCID: PMC10614743 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.04.560859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a powerful tool for the treatment of circuitopathy-related neurological and psychiatric diseases and disorders such as Parkinson's disease and obsessive-compulsive disorder, as well as a critical research tool for perturbing neural circuits and exploring neuroprostheses. Electrically-mediated DBS, however, is limited by the spread of stimulus currents into tissue unrelated to disease course and treatment, potentially causing undesirable patient side effects. In this work, we utilize infrared neural stimulation (INS), an optical neuromodulation technique that uses near to mid-infrared light to drive graded excitatory and inhibitory responses in nerves and neurons, to facilitate an optical and spatially constrained DBS paradigm. INS has been shown to provide spatially constrained responses in cortical neurons and, unlike other optical techniques, does not require genetic modification of the neural target. We show that INS produces graded, biophysically relevant single-unit responses with robust information transfer in thalamocortical circuits. Importantly, we show that cortical spread of activation from thalamic INS produces more spatially constrained response profiles than conventional electrical stimulation. Owing to observed spatial precision of INS, we used deep reinforcement learning for closed-loop control of thalamocortical circuits, creating real-time representations of stimulus-response dynamics while driving cortical neurons to precise firing patterns. Our data suggest that INS can serve as a targeted and dynamic stimulation paradigm for both open and closed-loop DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S Coventry
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
- Center for Implantable Devices and the Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Georgia L Lawlor
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
- Center for Implantable Devices and the Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Christina B Bagnati
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Claudia Krogmeier
- Department of Computer Graphics Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Edward L Bartlett
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
- Center for Implantable Devices and the Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
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10
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Ismaiel E, Fiáth R, Szabó Á, Horváth ÁC, Fekete Z. Thermal neuromodulation using pulsed and continuous infrared illumination in a penicillin-induced acute epilepsy model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14460. [PMID: 37660232 PMCID: PMC10475096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41552-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Infrared neuromodulation (INM) is a promising neuromodulation tool that utilizes pulsed or continuous-wave near-infrared (NIR) laser light to produce an elevation of the background temperature of the neural tissue. The INM-based cortical heating has been proven as an effective modality to induce changes in neuronal activities. In this paper, we investigate the effect of INM-based cortical heating on the characteristics of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) induced by penicillin in anesthetized rats. Cortical heating was conducted using a NIR laser light guided through a needle-like silicon-based waveguide probe. We detected penicillin-induced cortical IEDs from preprocessed micro-electrocorticography ([Formula: see text]ECoG) recordings, then we assessed changes in various temporal and spectral features of IEDs due to INM. Our findings show that the fast cortical heating phase obtained with continuous-wave NIR light is highly associated with a reduction of IED amplitudes, small but significant changes in the negative amplitude of IEDs compared with the baseline, and a proportional increase in the power of frequency bands related to delta/theta (2-8 Hz) and gamma (28-80 Hz) oscillations. Furthermore, a low rate of cortical heating with pulsed NIR illumination has a more inhibitory impact on the sharp negative polarity of IEDs. Our findings do not indicate a clear reduction in the frequency of IEDs in anesthetized rodents. In contrast, 2-4 min of continuous laser illumination leads to a notable increase in IED frequency. This effect of INM could potentially restrict its use in therapeutic applications related to epilepsy. However, the thermal effect of INM on cortical neurons induces changes in other characteristics of IEDs, which could prove beneficial for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Ismaiel
- Research Group for Implantable Microsystems, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Richárd Fiáth
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Group, Faculty of Information Technology & Bionics, Pazmany Peter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Szabó
- Research Group for Implantable Microsystems, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágoston Csaba Horváth
- Research Group for Implantable Microsystems, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Fekete
- Research Group for Implantable Microsystems, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary.
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
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11
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Almasri RM, Ladouceur F, Mawad D, Esrafilzadeh D, Firth J, Lehmann T, Poole-Warren LA, Lovell NH, Al Abed A. Emerging trends in the development of flexible optrode arrays for electrophysiology. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:031503. [PMID: 37692375 PMCID: PMC10491464 DOI: 10.1063/5.0153753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical-electrode (optrode) arrays use light to modulate excitable biological tissues and/or transduce bioelectrical signals into the optical domain. Light offers several advantages over electrical wiring, including the ability to encode multiple data channels within a single beam. This approach is at the forefront of innovation aimed at increasing spatial resolution and channel count in multichannel electrophysiology systems. This review presents an overview of devices and material systems that utilize light for electrophysiology recording and stimulation. The work focuses on the current and emerging methods and their applications, and provides a detailed discussion of the design and fabrication of flexible arrayed devices. Optrode arrays feature components non-existent in conventional multi-electrode arrays, such as waveguides, optical circuitry, light-emitting diodes, and optoelectronic and light-sensitive functional materials, packaged in planar, penetrating, or endoscopic forms. Often these are combined with dielectric and conductive structures and, less frequently, with multi-functional sensors. While creating flexible optrode arrays is feasible and necessary to minimize tissue-device mechanical mismatch, key factors must be considered for regulatory approval and clinical use. These include the biocompatibility of optical and photonic components. Additionally, material selection should match the operating wavelength of the specific electrophysiology application, minimizing light scattering and optical losses under physiologically induced stresses and strains. Flexible and soft variants of traditionally rigid photonic circuitry for passive optical multiplexing should be developed to advance the field. We evaluate fabrication techniques against these requirements. We foresee a future whereby established telecommunications techniques are engineered into flexible optrode arrays to enable unprecedented large-scale high-resolution electrophysiology systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem M. Almasri
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | - Damia Mawad
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Dorna Esrafilzadeh
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Josiah Firth
- Australian National Fabrication Facility, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Torsten Lehmann
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | | | - Amr Al Abed
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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12
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Lewis THJ, Zhuo J, McClellan JX, Getsy PM, Ryan RM, Jenkins MJ, Lewis SJ. Infrared light elicits endothelium-dependent vasodilation in isolated occipital arteries of the rat via soluble guanylyl cyclase-dependent mechanisms. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1219998. [PMID: 37664436 PMCID: PMC10471192 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1219998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The left and right occipital arteries provide blood supply to afferent cell bodies in the ipsilateral nodose and petrosal ganglia. This supply is free of an effective blood-ganglion barrier, so changes in occipital artery blood flow directly affect the access of circulating factors to the afferent cell bodies. The application of infrared (IR) light to modulate neural and other cell processes has yielded information about basic biological processes within tissues and is gaining traction as a potential therapy for a variety of disease processes. To address whether IR can directly modulate vascular function, we performed wire myography studies to determine the actions of IR on occipital arteries isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats. Based on our previous research that functionally-important differences exist between occipital artery segments close to their origin at the external carotid artery (ECA) and those closer to the nodose ganglion, the occipital arteries were dissected into two segments, one closer to the ECA and the other closer to the nodose ganglion. Segments were constricted with 5-hydroxytryptamine to a level equal to 50% of the maximal response generated by the application of a high (80 mM) concentration of K+ ions. The direct application of pulsed IR (1,460 nm) for 5 s produced a rapid vasodilation in occipital arteries that was significantly more pronounced in segments closest to the ECA, although the ECA itself was minimally responsive. The vasodilation remained for a substantial time (at least 120 s) after cessation of IR application. The vasodilation during and following cessation of the IR application was markedly diminished in occipital arteries denuded of the endothelium. In addition, the vasodilation elicited by IR in endothelium-intact occipital arteries was substantially reduced in the presence of a selective inhibitor of the nitric oxide-sensitive guanylate cyclase, 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo [4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ). It appears that IR causes endothelium-dependent, nitric-oxide-mediated vasodilation in the occipital arteries of the rat. The ability of IR to generate rapid and sustained vasodilation may provide new therapeutic approaches for restoring or improving blood flow to targeted tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan H. J. Lewis
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Junqi Zhuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jacob X. McClellan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Paulina M. Getsy
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Rita M. Ryan
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Michael. J. Jenkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Stephen J. Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Departments of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Functional Electrical Stimulation Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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13
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Whalen AJ, Fried SI. Thermal safety considerations for implantable micro-coil design. J Neural Eng 2023; 20:10.1088/1741-2552/ace79a. [PMID: 37451256 PMCID: PMC10467159 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ace79a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Micro magnetic stimulation of the brain via implantable micro-coils is a promising novel technology for neuromodulation. Careful consideration of the thermodynamic profile of such devices is necessary for effective and safe designs.Objective.We seek to quantify the thermal profile of bent wire micro-coils in order to understand and mitigate thermal impacts of micro-coil stimulation.Approach. In this study, we use fine wire thermocouples and COMSOL finite element modeling to examine the profile of the thermal gradients generated near bent wire micro-coils submerged in a water bath during stimulation. We tested a range of stimulation parameters previously reported in the literature such as voltage amplitude, stimulus frequency, stimulus repetition rate and coil wire materials.Main results. We found temperature increases ranging from <1 °C to 8.4 °C depending upon the stimulation parameters tested and coil wire materials used. Numerical modeling of the thermodynamics identified hot spots of the highest temperatures along the micro-coil contributing to the thermal gradients and demonstrated that these thermal gradients can be mitigated by the choice of wire conductor material and construction geometry.Significance. ISO standard 14708-1 designates a thermal safety limit of 2 °C temperature increase for active implantable medical devices. By switching the coil wire material from platinum/iridium to gold, our study achieved a 5-6-fold decrease in the thermal impact of coil stimulation. The thermal gradients generated from the gold wire coil were measured below the 2 °C safety limit for all stimulation parameters tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Whalen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Shelley I. Fried
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Boston VA Medical Center, Boston, USA
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14
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Sung K, Jo S, Lee J, Park JH, Park YH, Moon J, Kim SJ, Jeong J, Lee J, Eom K. Computational analysis of multichannel magnetothermal neural stimulation using magnetic resonator array. Biomed Eng Lett 2023; 13:209-219. [PMID: 37124115 PMCID: PMC10130299 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-023-00267-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Heating nanoparticles with a magnetic field could facilitate selective remote control of neural activity in deep tissue. However, current magnetothermal stimulation approaches are limited to single-channel stimulation. Here, we investigated various designs for multichannel magnetothermal stimulation based on an array of resonant coils that are driven by a single loop coil. Using a tuning capacitor that allows resonant coils to resonate at the operating frequency, each coil's ON and OFF resonance can be controlled, enabling us to select stimulation channels. We found that smaller inner diameters of resonant coils produce more localized magnetic fields while larger coils produce magnetic fields over a longer distance. The constructed multichannel resonant coil arrays can provide a high enough magnetic field intensity to raise the temperature of nanoparticles by 8 °C when we apply 35.2 W into the loop coil that is spaced 1 mm from the target neurons. This multichannel stimulation using a simple resonant circuit approach would be useful for clinical applications of magnetothermal neural stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmo Sung
- Department of Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghoon Jo
- Department of Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewook Lee
- Department of Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hoan Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583 Singapore
| | - Young Hoon Park
- Department of Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongjoo Moon
- Department of Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung June Kim
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Joonsoo Jeong
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612 Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwan Lee
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 USA
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Kyungsik Eom
- Department of Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
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15
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Ping A, Pan L, Zhang J, Xu K, Schriver KE, Zhu J, Roe AW. Targeted Optical Neural Stimulation: A New Era for Personalized Medicine. Neuroscientist 2023; 29:202-220. [PMID: 34865559 DOI: 10.1177/10738584211057047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Targeted optical neural stimulation comprises infrared neural stimulation and optogenetics, which affect the nervous system through induced thermal transients and activation of light-sensitive proteins, respectively. The main advantage of this pair of optical tools is high functional selectivity, which conventional electrical stimulation lacks. Over the past 15 years, the mechanism, safety, and feasibility of optical stimulation techniques have undergone continuous investigation and development. When combined with other methods like optical imaging and high-field functional magnetic resonance imaging, the translation of optical stimulation to clinical practice adds high value. We review the theoretical foundations and current state of optical stimulation, with a particular focus on infrared neural stimulation as a potential bridge linking optical stimulation to personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Ping
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Pan
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies (QAAS), Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kedi Xu
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies (QAAS), Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kenneth E Schriver
- Zhejiang University Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology (ZIINT), School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junming Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anna Wang Roe
- Zhejiang University Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology (ZIINT), School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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16
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Xiao T, Wu K, Wang P, Ding Y, Yang X, Chang C, Yang Y. Sensory input-dependent gain modulation of the optokinetic nystagmus by mid-infrared stimulation in pigeons. eLife 2023; 12:78729. [PMID: 36853228 PMCID: PMC9977280 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulation serves as a cornerstone for brain sciences and clinical applications. Recent reports suggest that mid-infrared stimulation (MIRS) causes non-thermal modulation of brain functions. Current understanding of its mechanism hampers the routine application of MIRS. Here, we examine how MIRS influences the sensorimotor transformation in awaking-behaving pigeons, from neuronal signals to behavior. We applied MIRS and electrical stimulation (ES) to the pretectal nucleus lentiformis mesencephali (nLM), an essential retinorecipient structure in the pretectum, and examined their influences on the optokinetic nystagmus, a visually guided eye movement. We found MIRS altered eye movements by modulating a specific gain depending on the strength of visual inputs, in a manner different than the effect of ES. Simultaneous extracellular recordings and stimulation showed that MIRS could either excite and inhibit the neuronal activity in the same pretectal neuron depending on its ongoing sensory responsiveness levels in awake-behaving animals. Computational simulations suggest that MIRS modulates the resonance of a carbonyl group of the potassium channel, critical to the action potential generation, altering neuronal responses to sensory inputs and as a consequence, guiding behavior. Our findings suggest that MIRS could be a promising approach toward modulating neuronal functions for brain research and treating neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Kaijie Wu
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Peiliang Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense TechnologyBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation and Sensing Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of sciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yali Ding
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiao Yang
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Chao Chang
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense TechnologyBeijingChina
- School of Physics, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science CenterHefeiChina
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17
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Begeng JM, Tong W, Rosal BD, Ibbotson M, Kameneva T, Stoddart PR. Activity of Retinal Neurons Can Be Modulated by Tunable Near-Infrared Nanoparticle Sensors. ACS NANO 2023; 17:2079-2088. [PMID: 36724043 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The vision of patients rendered blind by photoreceptor degeneration can be partially restored by exogenous stimulation of surviving retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Whereas conventional electrical stimulation techniques have failed to produce naturalistic visual percepts, nanoparticle-based optical sensors have recently received increasing attention as a means to artificially stimulate the RGCs. In particular, nanoparticle-enhanced infrared neural modulation (NINM) is a plasmonically mediated photothermal neuromodulation technique that has a demonstrated capacity for both stimulation and inhibition, which is essential for the differential modulation of ON-type and OFF-type RGCs. Gold nanorods provide tunable absorption through the near-infrared wavelength window, which reduces interference with any residual vision. Therefore, NINM may be uniquely well-suited to retinal prosthesis applications but, to our knowledge, has not previously been demonstrated in RGCs. In the present study, NINM laser pulses of 100 μs, 500 μs and 200 ms were applied to RGCs in explanted rat retinae, with single-cell responses recorded via patch-clamping. The shorter laser pulses evoked robust RGC stimulation by capacitive current generation, while the long laser pulses are capable of inhibiting spontaneous action potentials by thermal block. Importantly, an implicit bias toward OFF-type inhibition is observed, which may have important implications for the feasibility of future high-acuity retinal prosthesis design based on nanoparticle sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Begeng
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, VictoriaAustralia3122
- The Australian College of Optometry, The National Vision Research Institute, 386 Cardigan Street, Carlton, VictoriaAustralia3053
| | - Wei Tong
- The Australian College of Optometry, The National Vision Research Institute, 386 Cardigan Street, Carlton, VictoriaAustralia3053
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia3010
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia3010
| | - Blanca Del Rosal
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia3000
| | - Michael Ibbotson
- The Australian College of Optometry, The National Vision Research Institute, 386 Cardigan Street, Carlton, VictoriaAustralia3053
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia3010
| | - Tatiana Kameneva
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, VictoriaAustralia3122
| | - Paul R Stoddart
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, VictoriaAustralia3122
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18
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Huang Y, Cui Y, Deng H, Wang J, Hong R, Hu S, Hou H, Dong Y, Wang H, Chen J, Li L, Xie Y, Sun P, Fu X, Yin L, Xiong W, Shi SH, Luo M, Wang S, Li X, Sheng X. Bioresorbable thin-film silicon diodes for the optoelectronic excitation and inhibition of neural activities. Nat Biomed Eng 2022; 7:486-498. [PMID: 36065014 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neural activities can be modulated by leveraging light-responsive nanomaterials as interfaces for exerting photothermal, photoelectrochemical or photocapacitive effects on neurons or neural tissues. Here we show that bioresorbable thin-film monocrystalline silicon pn diodes can be used to optoelectronically excite or inhibit neural activities by establishing polarity-dependent positive or negative photovoltages at the semiconductor/solution interface. Under laser illumination, the silicon-diode optoelectronic interfaces allowed for the deterministic depolarization or hyperpolarization of cultured neurons as well as the upregulated or downregulated intracellular calcium dynamics. The optoelectronic interfaces can also be mounted on nerve tissue to activate or silence neural activities in peripheral and central nervous tissues, as we show in mice with exposed sciatic nerves and somatosensory cortices. Bioresorbable silicon-based optoelectronic thin films that selectively excite or inhibit neural tissue may find advantageous biomedical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Huang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Institute for Precision Medicine, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Cui
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.,National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanjie Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rongqi Hong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuhan Hu
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanqing Hou
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanrui Dong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Huachun Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Institute for Precision Medicine, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Junyu Chen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Institute for Precision Medicine, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lizhu Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Institute for Precision Medicine, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Institute for Precision Medicine, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengcheng Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Song-Hai Shi
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Minmin Luo
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.,National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shirong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaojian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xing Sheng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Institute for Precision Medicine, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. .,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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19
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Zhu X, Lin JW, Sander MY. Bidirectional modulation of evoked synaptic transmission by pulsed infrared light. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14196. [PMID: 35987765 PMCID: PMC9392733 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Infrared (IR) neuromodulation (INM) has been demonstrated as a novel modulation modality of neuronal excitability. However, the effects of pulsed IR light on synaptic transmission have not been investigated systematically. In this report, the IR light (2 μm) is used to directly modulate evoked synaptic transmission at the crayfish opener neuromuscular junction. The extracellularly recorded terminal action potentials (tAPs) and evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) modulated by localized IR light illumination (500 ms, 3–13 mW) aimed at the synapses are analyzed. The impact of a single IR light pulse on the presynaptic Ca2+ influx is monitored with Ca2+ indicators. The EPSC amplitude is enhanced, and its rising phase is accelerated under relatively low IR light power levels and localized temperature rises. Increasing the IR light power reversibly suppresses and eventually blocks the EPSCs. Meanwhile, the synaptic delay, tAP amplitude, and presynaptic Ca2+ influx decrease monotonously with higher IR light power. It is demonstrated for the first time that IR light illumination has bidirectional effects on evoked synaptic transmission. These results highlight the efficacy and flexibility of using pulsed IR light to directly control synaptic transmission and advance our understanding of INM of neural networks.
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Jawaid S, Herring AI, Getsy PM, Lewis SJ, Watanabe M, Kolesova H. Differential immunostaining patterns of transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels in the rat nodose ganglion. J Anat 2022; 241:230-244. [PMID: 35396708 PMCID: PMC9296033 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vagal afferents regulate numerous physiological functions including arterial blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, and nociception. Cell bodies of vagal afferents reside in the inferior vagal (nodose) ganglia and their stimulation by various means is being considered as a way to regulate cardiorespiratory responses and control pain sensations. Stimulation of the nodose by exposure to infrared light is recently being considered as a precise way to elicit responses. These responses would likely involve the activity of temperature-sensitive membrane-bound channels. While papers have been published to track the expression of these transient receptor potential ion channels (TRPs), further studies are warranted to determine the in situ expression of the endogenous TRP proteins in the nodose ganglia to fully understand their pattern of expression, subcellular locations, and functions in this animal model. TRP ion channels are a superfamily of Na+ /Ca2+ -channels whose members are temperature- and/or mechano-sensitive and therefore represent a potential set of proteins that will be activated directly or indirectly by infrared light. Here, we report the spatial localization of six TRP channels, TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPM3, TRPM8, TRPA1, and TRPC1, from nodose ganglia taken from juvenile male Sprague-Dawley rats. The channels were detected using immunohistology with fluorescent tags on cryosections and imaged using confocal microscopy. All six TRP channels were detected with different levels of intensity in neuronal cell bodies and some were also detected in axonal fibers and blood vessels. The TRP receptors differed in their prevalence, in their patterns of expression, and in subcellular expression/localization. More specifically, TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPA1, TRPM8, TRPC1, and TRPM3 were found in vagal afferent cell bodies with a wide range of immunostaining intensity from neuron to neuron. Immunostaining for TRPV1, TRPV4, and TRPA1 appeared as fine particles scattered throughout the cytoplasm of the cell body. Intense TRPV1 immunostaining was also evident in a subset of axonal fibers. TRPM8 and TRPC1 were expressed in courser particles suggesting different subcellular compartments than for TRPV1. The localization of TRPM3 differed markedly from the other TRP channels with an immunostaining pattern that was localized to the periphery of a subset of cell bodies, whereas a scattering or no immunostaining was detected within the bulk of the cytoplasm. TRPV4 and TRPC1 were also expressed on the walls of blood vessels. The finding that all six TRP channels (representing four subfamilies) were present in the nodose ganglia provides the basis for studies designed to understand the roles of these channels in sensory transmission within vagal afferent fibers and in the responses elicited by exposure of nodose ganglia to infrared light and other stimuli. Depending on the location and functionality of the TRP channels, they may regulate the flux of Na+ /Ca2+ -across the membranes of cell bodies and axons of sensory afferents, efferent (motor) fibers coursing through the ganglia, and in vascular smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safdar Jawaid
- Divisions of Pediatric CardiologyCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOHUSA
| | - Amanda I. Herring
- Divisions of Pediatric CardiologyCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOHUSA
| | - Paulina M. Getsy
- Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of PediatricsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOHUSA
| | - Stephen J. Lewis
- Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of PediatricsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOHUSA
| | - Michiko Watanabe
- Divisions of Pediatric CardiologyCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOHUSA
| | - Hana Kolesova
- Department of Anatomy, First Faculty of MedicineCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
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Histological and electrophysiological evidence on the safe operation of a sharp-tip multimodal optrode during infrared neuromodulation of the rat cortex. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11434. [PMID: 35794160 PMCID: PMC9259743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15367-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infrared neuromodulation is an emerging technology in neuroscience that exploits the inherent thermal sensitivity of neurons to excite or inhibit cellular activity. Since there is limited information on the physiological response of intracortical cell population in vivo including evidence on cell damage, we aimed to create and to validate the safe operation of a microscale sharp-tip implantable optrode that can be used to suppress the activity of neuronal population with low optical power continuous wave irradiation. Effective thermal cross-section and electric properties of the multimodal microdevice was characterized in bench-top tests. The evoked multi-unit activity was monitored in the rat somatosensory cortex, and using NeuN immunocytochemistry method, quantitative analysis of neuronal density changes due to the stimulation trials was evaluated. The sharp tip implant was effectively used to suppress the firing rate of neuronal populations. Histological staining showed that neither the probe insertion nor the heating protocols alone lead to significant changes in cell density in the close vicinity of the implant with respect to the intact control region. Our study shows that intracortical stimulation with continuous-wave infrared light at 1550 nm using a sharp tip implantable optical microdevice is a safe approach to modulate the firing rate of neurons.
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22
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Jung H, Nam Y. Optical recording of neural responses to gold-nanorod mediated photothermal neural inhibition. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 373:109564. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Saha R, Wu K, Bloom RP, Liang S, Tonini D, Wang JP. A review on magnetic and spintronic neurostimulation: challenges and prospects. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:182004. [PMID: 35013010 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac49be] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the treatment of neurodegenerative, sensory and cardiovascular diseases, electrical probes and arrays have shown quite a promising success rate. However, despite the outstanding clinical outcomes, their operation is significantly hindered by non-selective control of electric fields. A promising alternative is micromagnetic stimulation (μMS) due to the high permeability of magnetic field through biological tissues. The induced electric field from the time-varying magnetic field generated by magnetic neurostimulators is used to remotely stimulate neighboring neurons. Due to the spatial asymmetry of the induced electric field, high spatial selectivity of neurostimulation has been realized. Herein, some popular choices of magnetic neurostimulators such as microcoils (μcoils) and spintronic nanodevices are reviewed. The neurostimulator features such as power consumption and resolution (aiming at cellular level) are discussed. In addition, the chronic stability and biocompatibility of these implantable neurostimulator are commented in favor of further translation to clinical settings. Furthermore, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), as another invaluable neurostimulation material, has emerged in recent years. Thus, in this review we have also included MNPs as a remote neurostimulation solution that overcomes physical limitations of invasive implants. Overall, this review provides peers with the recent development of ultra-low power, cellular-level, spatially selective magnetic neurostimulators of dimensions within micro- to nano-range for treating chronic neurological disorders. At the end of this review, some potential applications of next generation neuro-devices have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Saha
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Robert P Bloom
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Denis Tonini
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
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24
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Zhu X, Lin JW, Turnali A, Sander MY. Single infrared light pulses induce excitatory and inhibitory neuromodulation. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:374-388. [PMID: 35154878 PMCID: PMC8803021 DOI: 10.1364/boe.444577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The excitatory and inhibitory effects of single and brief infrared (IR) light pulses (2 µm) with millisecond durations and various power levels are investigated with a custom-built fiber amplification system. Intracellular recordings from motor axons of the crayfish opener neuromuscular junction are performed ex vivo. Single IR light pulses induce a membrane depolarization during the light pulses, which is followed by a hyperpolarization that can last up to 100 ms. The depolarization amplitude is dependent on the optical pulse duration, total energy deposition and membrane potential, but is insensitive to tetrodotoxin. The hyperpolarization reverses its polarity near the potassium equilibrium potential and is barium-sensitive. The membrane depolarization activates an action potential (AP) when the axon is near firing threshold, while the hyperpolarization reversibly inhibits rhythmically firing APs. In summary, we demonstrate for the first time that single and brief IR light pulses can evoke initial depolarization followed by hyperpolarization on individual motor axons. The corresponding mechanisms and functional outcomes of the dual effects are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedong Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, 24 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, 8 Saint Mary’s Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jen-Wei Lin
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ahmet Turnali
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, 8 Saint Mary’s Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, 8 Saint Mary’s Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Michelle Y. Sander
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, 24 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, 8 Saint Mary’s Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, 8 Saint Mary’s Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, 15 Saint Mary’s Street, Brookline, MA 02446, USA
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25
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Zhuo J, Gill JP, Jansen ED, Jenkins MW, Chiel HJ. Use of an invertebrate animal model ( Aplysia californica) to develop novel neural interfaces for neuromodulation. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1080027. [PMID: 36620467 PMCID: PMC9813496 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1080027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
New tools for monitoring and manipulating neural activity have been developed with steadily improving functionality, specificity, and reliability, which are critical both for mapping neural circuits and treating neurological diseases. This review focuses on the use of an invertebrate animal, the marine mollusk Aplysia californica, in the development of novel neurotechniques. We review the basic physiological properties of Aplysia neurons and discuss the specific aspects that make it advantageous for developing novel neural interfaces: First, Aplysia nerves consist only of unmyelinated axons with various diameters, providing a particularly useful model of the unmyelinated C fibers in vertebrates that are known to carry important sensory information, including those that signal pain. Second, Aplysia's neural tissues can last for a long period in an ex vivo experimental setup. This allows comprehensive tests such as the exploration of parameter space on the same nerve to avoid variability between animals and minimize animal use. Third, nerves in large Aplysia can be many centimeters in length, making it possible to easily discriminate axons with different diameters based on their conduction velocities. Aplysia nerves are a particularly good approximation of the unmyelinated C fibers, which are hard to stimulate, record, and differentiate from other nerve fibers in vertebrate animal models using epineural electrodes. Fourth, neurons in Aplysia are large, uniquely identifiable, and electrically compact. For decades, researchers have used Aplysia for the development of many novel neurotechnologies. Examples include high-frequency alternating current (HFAC), focused ultrasound (FUS), optical neural stimulation, recording, and inhibition, microelectrode arrays, diamond electrodes, carbon fiber microelectrodes, microscopic magnetic stimulation and magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT). We also review a specific example that illustrates the power of Aplysia for accelerating technology development: selective infrared neural inhibition of small-diameter unmyelinated axons, which may lead to a translationally useful treatment in the future. Generally, Aplysia is suitable for testing modalities whose mechanism involves basic biophysics that is likely to be similar across species. As a tractable experimental system, Aplysia californica can help the rapid development of novel neuromodulation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Zhuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jeffrey P Gill
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - E Duco Jansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Biophotonics Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Michael W Jenkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Hillel J Chiel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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26
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Prieto ML, Firouzi K, Khuri-Yakub BT, Madison DV, Maduke M. Spike frequency-dependent inhibition and excitation of neural activity by high-frequency ultrasound. J Gen Physiol 2021; 152:182190. [PMID: 33074301 PMCID: PMC7534904 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound can modulate action potential firing in vivo and in vitro, but the mechanistic basis of this phenomenon is not well understood. To address this problem, we used patch-clamp recording to quantify the effects of focused, high-frequency (43 MHz) ultrasound on evoked action potential firing in CA1 pyramidal neurons in acute rodent hippocampal brain slices. We find that ultrasound can either inhibit or potentiate firing in a spike frequency–dependent manner: at low (near-threshold) input currents and low firing frequencies, ultrasound inhibits firing, while at higher input currents and higher firing frequencies, ultrasound potentiates firing. The net result of these two competing effects is that ultrasound increases the threshold current for action potential firing, the slope of frequency-input curves, and the maximum firing frequency. In addition, ultrasound slightly hyperpolarizes the resting membrane potential, decreases action potential width, and increases the depth of the after-hyperpolarization. All of these results can be explained by the hypothesis that ultrasound activates a sustained potassium conductance. According to this hypothesis, increased outward potassium currents hyperpolarize the resting membrane potential and inhibit firing at near-threshold input currents but potentiate firing in response to higher-input currents by limiting inactivation of voltage-dependent sodium channels during the action potential. This latter effect is a consequence of faster action potential repolarization, which limits inactivation of voltage-dependent sodium channels, and deeper (more negative) after-hyperpolarization, which increases the rate of recovery from inactivation. Based on these results, we propose that ultrasound activates thermosensitive and mechanosensitive two-pore-domain potassium (K2P) channels through heating or mechanical effects of acoustic radiation force. Finite-element modeling of the effects of ultrasound on brain tissue suggests that the effects of ultrasound on firing frequency are caused by a small (<2°C) increase in temperature, with possible additional contributions from mechanical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Loynaz Prieto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Kamyar Firouzi
- E.L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Daniel V Madison
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Merritt Maduke
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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27
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Nonthermal and reversible control of neuronal signaling and behavior by midinfrared stimulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2015685118. [PMID: 33649213 PMCID: PMC7958416 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015685118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Various neuromodulation approaches have been employed to alter neuronal spiking activity and thus regulate brain functions and alleviate neurological disorders. Infrared neural stimulation (INS) could be a potential approach for neuromodulation because it requires no tissue contact and possesses a high spatial resolution. However, the risk of overheating and an unclear mechanism hamper its application. Here we show that midinfrared stimulation (MIRS) with a specific wavelength exerts nonthermal, long-distance, and reversible modulatory effects on ion channel activity, neuronal signaling, and sensorimotor behavior. Patch-clamp recording from mouse neocortical pyramidal cells revealed that MIRS readily provides gain control over spiking activities, inhibiting spiking responses to weak inputs but enhancing those to strong inputs. MIRS also shortens action potential (AP) waveforms by accelerating its repolarization, through an increase in voltage-gated K+ (but not Na+) currents. Molecular dynamics simulations further revealed that MIRS-induced resonance vibration of -C=O bonds at the K+ channel ion selectivity filter contributes to the K+ current increase. Importantly, these effects are readily reversible and independent of temperature increase. At the behavioral level in larval zebrafish, MIRS modulates startle responses by sharply increasing the slope of the sensorimotor input-output curve. Therefore, MIRS represents a promising neuromodulation approach suitable for clinical application.
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28
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Generation of Electromagnetic Field by Microtubules. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158215. [PMID: 34360980 PMCID: PMC8348406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The general mechanism of controlling, information and organization in biological systems is based on the internal coherent electromagnetic field. The electromagnetic field is supposed to be generated by microtubules composed of identical tubulin heterodimers with periodic organization and containing electric dipoles. We used a classical dipole theory of generation of the electromagnetic field to analyze the space–time coherence. The structure of microtubules with the helical and axial periodicity enables the interaction of the field in time shifted by one or more periods of oscillation and generation of coherent signals. Inner cavity excitation should provide equal energy distribution in a microtubule. The supplied energy coherently excites oscillators with a high electrical quality, microtubule inner cavity, and electrons at molecular orbitals and in ‘semiconduction’ and ‘conduction’ bands. The suggested mechanism is supposed to be a general phenomenon for a large group of helical systems.
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29
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Cytoskeletal Filaments Deep Inside a Neuron Are not Silent: They Regulate the Precise Timing of Nerve Spikes Using a Pair of Vortices. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13050821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hodgkin and Huxley showed that even if the filaments are dissolved, a neuron’s membrane alone can generate and transmit the nerve spike. Regulating the time gap between spikes is the brain’s cognitive key. However, the time modula-tion mechanism is still a mystery. By inserting a coaxial probe deep inside a neuron, we have re-peatedly shown that the filaments transmit electromagnetic signals ~200 μs before an ionic nerve spike sets in. To understand its origin, here, we mapped the electromagnetic vortex produced by a filamentary bundle deep inside a neuron, regulating the nerve spike’s electrical-ionic vortex. We used monochromatic polarized light to measure the transmitted signals beating from the internal components of a cultured neuron. A nerve spike is a 3D ring of the electric field encompassing the perimeter of a neural branch. Several such vortices flow sequentially to keep precise timing for the brain’s cognition. The filaments hold millisecond order time gaps between membrane spikes with microsecond order signaling of electromagnetic vortices. Dielectric resonance images revealed that ordered filaments inside neural branches instruct the ordered grid-like network of actin–beta-spectrin just below the membrane. That layer builds a pair of electric field vortices, which coherently activates all ion-channels in a circular area of the membrane lipid bilayer when a nerve spike propagates. When biomaterials vibrate resonantly with microwave and radio-wave, simultaneous quantum optics capture ultra-fast events in a non-demolition mode, revealing multiple correlated time-domain operations beyond the Hodgkin–Huxley paradigm. Neuron holograms pave the way to understanding the filamentary circuits of a neural network in addition to membrane circuits.
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30
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Singh P, Saxena K, Sahoo P, Ghosh S, Bandyopadhyay A. Electrophysiology using coaxial atom probe array: live imaging reveals hidden circuits of a hippocampal neural network. J Neurophysiol 2021; 125:2107-2116. [PMID: 33881910 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00478.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 1960s, it is held that when a neuron fires, a nerve spike passes only through the selective branches, the calculated choice is a key to learning by rewiring. It is argued by chemically estimating the membrane's ion channel density that different axonal branches get active to pass the spike-branches blink at firing at different time domains. Here, using a new time-lapse dielectric imaging, we visualize the classic branch selection process; thenceforth, hidden circuits operating at different time domains become visible. The fractal grid of coaxial probes captures wireless snapshots of material's vibration at various depths below the membrane by setting a suitable frequency. Thus far, branch selection observed emitted energy or particle but never the emitters, what they do. As each dielectric material transmits and reflects signals of different frequencies, we image live how filaments search for many branch-made circuits, choose a unique pathway 103 times faster than a single nerve spike. It reveals that neural branches and circuit visible in a microscope are not absolute, there coexist many circuits each operating in different dime domains, operating at a time.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using dielectric resonance scanner, we show electromagnetic field connections between physically separated neurons. Electromagnetic field creates field lines that pass through gap junctions, connect Axon initial segment with the dendrites through Soma, and connect axonal or dendritic branches even if there is no synaptic junction. Consequently, many distinct loops connecting various branches form coexisting circuits. Our discovery suggests that physically appearing neural circuit is a fractional view of many simultaneously operating circuits in different time domains in a neural network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpendra Singh
- International Center for Materials and Nanoarchitectronics (MANA), Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization (RCAMC), NIMS, Tsukuba, Japan.,Amity School of Applied Science, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Komal Saxena
- International Center for Materials and Nanoarchitectronics (MANA), Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization (RCAMC), NIMS, Tsukuba, Japan.,Microwave Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Computer Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra, India
| | - Pathik Sahoo
- International Center for Materials and Nanoarchitectronics (MANA), Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization (RCAMC), NIMS, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Jorhat, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NEIST Campus, Jorhat, India
| | - Anirban Bandyopadhyay
- International Center for Materials and Nanoarchitectronics (MANA), Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization (RCAMC), NIMS, Tsukuba, Japan
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31
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Ford JB, Ganguly M, Zhuo J, McPheeters MT, Jenkins MW, Chiel HJ, Jansen ED. Optimizing thermal block length during infrared neural inhibition to minimize temperature thresholds. J Neural Eng 2021; 18:10.1088/1741-2552/abf00d. [PMID: 33735846 PMCID: PMC11189657 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abf00d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Infrared neural inhibition (INI) is a method of blocking the generation or propagation of neural action potentials through laser heating with wavelengths strongly absorbed by water. Recent work has identified that the distance heated along axons, the block length (BL), modulates the temperature needed for inhibition; however, this relationship has not been characterized. This study explores how BL during INI can be optimized towards minimizing its temperature threshold.Approach. To understand the relationship between BL and the temperature required for INI, excised nerves fromAplysia californicawere laser-heated over different lengths of axon during electrical stimulation of compound action potentials. INI was provided by irradiation (λ= 1470 nm) from a custom probe (n= 6 nerves), and subsequent validation was performed by providing heat block using perfused hot media over nerves (n= 5 nerves).Main Results. Two BL regimes were identified. Short BLs (thermal full width at half maximum (tFWHM) = 0.81-1.13 mm) demonstrated that increasing the tFWHM resulted in lower temperature thresholds for INI (p< 0.0125), while longer BLs (tFWHM = 1.13-3.03 mm) showed no significant change between the temperature threshold and tFWHM (p> 0.0125). Validation of this longer regime was performed using perfused hot media over different lengths of nerves. This secondary heating method similarly showed no significant change (p> 0.025) in the temperature threshold (tFWHM = 1.25-4.42 mm).Significance. This work characterized how the temperature threshold for neural heat block varies with BL and identified an optimal BL around tFWHM = 1.13 mm which minimizes both the maximum temperature applied to tissue and the volume of tissue heated during INI. Understanding how to optimally target lengths of nerve to minimize temperature during INI can help inform the design of devices for longitudinal animal studies and human implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy B Ford
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Biophotonics Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Mohit Ganguly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Biophotonics Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Junqi Zhuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Matthew T McPheeters
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Michael W Jenkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Hillel J Chiel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - E Duco Jansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Biophotonics Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
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Brown WGA, Needham K, Begeng JM, Thompson AC, Nayagam BA, Kameneva T, Stoddart PR. Response of primary auditory neurons to stimulation with infrared light in vitro. J Neural Eng 2021; 18:046003. [PMID: 33724234 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abe7b8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Infrared light can be used to modulate the activity of neuronal cells through thermally-evoked capacitive currents and thermosensitive ion channel modulation. The infrared power threshold for action potentials has previously been found to be far lower in the in vivo cochlea when compared with other neuronal targets, implicating spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) as a potential target for infrared auditory prostheses. However, conflicting experimental evidence suggests that this low threshold may arise from an intermediary mechanism other than direct SGN stimulation, potentially involving residual hair cell activity. APPROACH Patch-clamp recordings from cultured SGNs were used to explicitly quantify the capacitive and ion channel currents in an environment devoid of hair cells. Neurons were irradiated by a 1870 nm laser with pulse durations of 0.2-5.0 ms and powers up to 1.5 W. A Hodgkin-Huxley-type model was established by first characterising the voltage dependent currents, and then incorporating laser-evoked currents separated into temperature-dependent and temperature-gradient-dependent components. This model was found to accurately simulate neuronal responses and allowed the results to be extrapolated to stimulation parameter spaces not accessible during this study. MAIN RESULTS The previously-reported low in vivo SGN stimulation threshold was not observed, and only subthreshold depolarisation was achieved, even at high light exposures. Extrapolating these results with our Hodgkin-Huxley-type model predicts an action potential threshold which does not deviate significantly from other neuronal types. SIGNIFICANCE This suggests that the low-threshold response that is commonly reported in vivo may arise from an alternative mechanism, and calls into question the potential usefulness of the effect for auditory prostheses. The step-wise approach to modelling optically-evoked currents described here may prove useful for analysing a wider range of cell types where capacitive currents and conductance modulation are dominant.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G A Brown
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn VIC 3122, Australia
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Zhuo J, Ou Z, Zhang Y, Jackson EM, Shankar SS, McPheeters MT, Ford JB, Jansen ED, Chiel HJ, Jenkins MW. Isotonic ion replacement can lower the threshold for selective infrared neural inhibition. NEUROPHOTONICS 2021; 8:015005. [PMID: 33628860 PMCID: PMC7893321 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.8.1.015005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Infrared (IR) inhibition can selectively block peripheral sensory nerve fibers, a potential treatment for autonomic-dysfunction-related diseases (e.g., neuropathic pain and interstitial cystitis). Lowering the IR inhibition threshold can increase its translational potentials. Aim: Infrared induces inhibition by enhancing potassium channel activation. We hypothesized that the IR dose threshold could be reduced by combining it with isotonic ion replacement. Approach: We tested the IR inhibition threshold on the pleural-abdominal connective of Aplysia californica. Using a customized chamber system, the IR inhibition was applied either in normal saline or in isotonic ion-replaced saline, which could be high glucose saline, high choline saline, or high glucose/high choline saline. Each modified saline was at a subthreshold concentration for inhibiting neural conduction. Results: We showed that isotonically replacing ions in saline with glucose and/or choline can reduce the IR threshold and temperature threshold of neural inhibition. Furthermore, the size selectivity of IR inhibition was preserved when combined with high glucose/high choline saline. Conclusions: The present work of IR inhibition combined with isotonic ion replacement will guide further development of a more effective size-selective IR inhibition modality for future research and translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Zhuo
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Zihui Ou
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biology, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biology, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Jackson
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biology, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Sachin S. Shankar
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Matthew T. McPheeters
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Jeremy B. Ford
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Vanderbilt University, Biophotonics Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - E. Duco Jansen
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Vanderbilt University, Biophotonics Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Neurological Surgery, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Hillel J. Chiel
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biology, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Michael W. Jenkins
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Pediatrics, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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Fekete Z, Horváth ÁC, Zátonyi A. Infrared neuromodulation:a neuroengineering perspective. J Neural Eng 2020; 17:051003. [PMID: 33055373 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abb3b2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Infrared neuromodulation (INM) is a branch of photobiomodulation that offers direct or indirect control of cellular activity through elevation of temperature in a spatially confined region of the target tissue. Research on INM started about 15 ago and is gradually attracting the attention of the neuroscience community, as numerous experimental studies have provided firm evidence on the safe and reproducible excitation and inhibition of neuronal firing in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. However, its biophysical mechanism is not fully understood and several engineered interfaces have been created to investigate infrared stimulation in both the peripheral and central nervous system. In this review, recent applications and present knowledge on the effects of INM on cellular activity are summarized, and an overview of the technical approaches to deliver infrared light to cells and to interrogate the optically evoked response is provided. The micro- and nanoengineered interfaces used to investigate the influence of INM are described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Fekete
- Research Group for Implantable Microsystems, Faculty of Information Technology & Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest 1083, Hungary. Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
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Zhu X, Lin JW, Sander MY. Infrared inhibition impacts on locally initiated and propagating action potentials and the downstream synaptic transmission. NEUROPHOTONICS 2020; 7:045003. [PMID: 33094124 PMCID: PMC7554448 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.7.4.045003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Systematic studies of the physiological outputs induced by infrared (IR)-mediated inhibition of motor nerves can provide guidance for therapeutic applications and offer critical insights into IR light modulation of complex neural networks. Aim: We explore the IR-mediated inhibition of action potentials (APs) that either propagate along single axons or are initiated locally and their downstream synaptic transmission responses. Approach: APs were evoked locally by two-electrode current clamp or at a distance for propagating APs. The neuromuscular transmission was recorded with intracellular electrodes in muscle cells or macro-patch pipettes on terminal bouton clusters. Results: IR light pulses completely and reversibly terminate the locally initiated APs firing at low frequencies, which leads to blocking of the synaptic transmission. However, IR light pulses only suppress but do not block the amplitude and duration of propagating APs nor locally initiated APs firing at high frequencies. Such suppressed APs do not influence the postsynaptic responses at a distance. While the suppression of AP amplitude and duration is similar for propagating and locally evoked APs, only the former exhibits a 7% to 21% increase in the maximum time derivative of the AP rising phase. Conclusions: The suppressed APs of motor axons can resume their waveforms after passing the localized IR light illumination site, leaving the muscular and synaptic responses unchanged. IR-mediated modulation on propagating and locally evoked APs should be considered as two separate models for axonal and somatic modulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedong Zhu
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Boston University, Neurophotonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Boston University, Photonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jen-Wei Lin
- Boston University, Department of Biology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Michelle Y. Sander
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Boston University, Neurophotonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Boston University, Photonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Boston University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Boston University, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Brookline, Massachusetts, United States
- Address all correspondence to Michelle Y. Sander,
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Kim MG, Kamimura HAS, Lee SA, Aurup C, Kwon N, Konofagou EE. Image-guided focused ultrasound modulates electrically evoked motor neuronal activity in the mouse peripheral nervous system in vivo. J Neural Eng 2020; 17:026026. [PMID: 31940596 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab6be6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Focused ultrasound (FUS) has recently been demonstrated capable of exciting motor neuronal activity. However, comprehensive understanding of elucidated excitatory and inhibitory effects is required to better assess FUS-mediated modulation. In this study, we demonstrate that image-guided FUS can selectively modulate motor neuron activity in the mouse sciatic nerve in vivo and attribute motor responses to thermal effects. APPROACH FUS was applied on the sciatic nerve of anesthetized mice in vivo through the intact skin and muscle using ultrasound imaging for targeting. Both excitatory and inhibitory effects were recorded using electromyography (EMG) along with muscle response of the hind limb. The effects of FUS modulation versus heating by invasive alternative heating source (AHS) on electrically evoked EMG responses in the sciatic nerve in vivo were also investigated. The safety and reversibility of the technique were validated using histology and EMG recovery. MAIN RESULTS The FUS was capable of eliciting motor neuronal activity comparable to electrical stimulation ES, and facilitating motor neuronal response on electrically evoked potentials with temperature elevation up to 11.5 °C ± 0.3 °C (PRF ⩽ 40 Hz). On the other hand, FUS-induced temperature elevations above 15.1 °C ± 1.6 °C (PRF ⩾ 100 Hz) resulted in the suppression of electrically-evoked motor neuronal activity along with a decrease in EMG latency and area under the curve (AUC), which was validated against the invasive AHS with temperature elevation of 18.1 °C ± 8.5 °C. Histological findings along with EMG responses after FUS modulation demonstrated a reversible or irreversible modulation. SIGNIFICANCE The findings reported herein indicate that image-guided FUS (PRF ⩽ 100 Hz) induces safe and controllable modulation of involuntarily evoked motor neuron activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
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Brown WGA, Needham K, Begeng JM, Thompson AC, Nayagam BA, Kameneva T, Stoddart PR. Thermal damage threshold of neurons during infrared stimulation. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:2224-2234. [PMID: 32341879 PMCID: PMC7173919 DOI: 10.1364/boe.383165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In infrared neural stimulation (INS), laser-evoked thermal transients are used to generate small depolarising currents in neurons. The laser exposure poses a moderate risk of thermal damage to the target neuron. Indeed, exogenous methods of neural stimulation often place the target neurons under stressful non-physiological conditions, which can hinder ordinary neuronal function and hasten cell death. Therefore, quantifying the exposure-dependent probability of neuronal damage is essential for identifying safe operating limits of INS and other interventions for therapeutic and prosthetic use. Using patch-clamp recordings in isolated spiral ganglion neurons, we describe a method for determining the dose-dependent damage probabilities of individual neurons in response to both acute and cumulative infrared exposure parameters based on changes in injection current. The results identify a local thermal damage threshold at approximately 60 °C, which is in keeping with previous literature and supports the claim that damage during INS is a purely thermal phenomenon. In principle this method can be applied to any potentially injurious stimuli, allowing for the calculation of a wide range of dose-dependent neural damage probabilities. Unlike histological analyses, the technique is well-suited to quantifying gradual neuronal damage, and critical threshold behaviour is not required.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G. A. Brown
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Karina Needham
- Department of Surgery (Otolaryngology), University of Melbourne, Royal Victoria Eye & Ear Hospital, 32 Gisborne St, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - James M. Begeng
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | | | - Bryony A. Nayagam
- Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Tatiana Kameneva
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Paul R. Stoddart
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
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Won SM, Song E, Reeder JT, Rogers JA. Emerging Modalities and Implantable Technologies for Neuromodulation. Cell 2020; 181:115-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Ford JB, Ganguly M, Poorman ME, Grissom WA, Jenkins MW, Chiel HJ, Jansen ED. Identifying the Role of Block Length in Neural Heat Block to Reduce Temperatures During Infrared Neural Inhibition. Lasers Surg Med 2020; 52:259-275. [PMID: 31347188 PMCID: PMC6981060 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to assess the hypothesis that the length of axon heated, defined here as block length (BL), affects the temperature required for thermal inhibition of action potential propagation applied using laser heating. The presence of such a phenomenon has implications for how this technique, called infrared neural inhibition (INI), may be applied in a clinically safe manner since it suggests that temperatures required for therapy may be reduced through the proper spatial application of light. Here, we validate the presence of this phenomenon by assessing how the peak temperatures during INI are reduced when two different BLs are applied using irradiation from either one or two adjacent optical fibers. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Assessment of the role of BL was carried out over two phases. First, a computational proof of concept was performed in the neural conduction simulation environment, NEURON, simulating the response of action potentials to increased temperatures applied at different full-width at half-maxima (FWHM) along axons. Second, ex vivo validation of these predictions was performed by measuring the radiant exposure, peak temperature rise, and FWHM of heat distributions associated with INI from one or two adjacent optical fibers. Electrophysiological assessment of radiant exposures at inhibition threshold were carried out in ex vivo Aplysia californica (sea slug) pleural abdominal nerves ( n = 6), an invertebrate with unmyelinated axons. Measurement of the maximum temperature rise required for induced heat block was performed in a water bath using a fine wire thermocouple. Finally, magnetic resonance thermometry (MRT) was performed on a nerve immersed in saline to assess the elevated temperature distribution at these radiant exposures. RESULTS Computational modeling in NEURON provided a theoretical proof of concept that the BL is an important factor contributing to the peak temperature required during neural heat block, predicting a 11.7% reduction in temperature rise when the FWHM along an axon is increased by 42.9%. Experimental validation showed that, when using two adjacent fibers instead of one, a 38.5 ± 2.2% (mean ± standard error of the mean) reduction in radiant exposure per pulse per fiber threshold at the fiber output (P = 7.3E-6) is measured, resulting in a reduction in peak temperature rise under each fiber of 23.5 ± 2.1% ( P = 9.3E-5) and 15.0 ± 2.4% ( P = 1.4E-3) and an increase in the FWHM of heating by 37.7 ± 6.4% ( P = 1E-3), 68.4 ± 5.2% ( P = 2.4E-5), and 51.9 ± 9.9% ( P = 1.7E-3) in three MRT slices. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first experimental evidence for a phenomenon during the heat block in which the temperature for inhibition is dependent on the BL. While more work is needed to further reduce the temperature during INI, the results highlight that spatial application of the temperature rise during INI must be considered. Optimized implementation of INI may leverage this cellular response to provide optical modulation of neural signals with lower temperatures over greater time periods, which may increase the utility of the technique for laboratory and clinical use. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy B. Ford
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Mohit Ganguly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Megan E. Poorman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Sciences, Vanderbilt University, 1161 21st Ave S, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - William A. Grissom
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Sciences, Vanderbilt University, 1161 21st Ave S, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Michael W. Jenkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert Rd, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Hillel J. Chiel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 2080 Adelbert Rd, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, 2210 Circle Drive, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - E. Duco Jansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University, 1161 21st Ave S, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
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Khadka N, Harmsen IE, Lozano AM, Bikson M. Bio-Heat Model of Kilohertz-Frequency Deep Brain Stimulation Increases Brain Tissue Temperature. Neuromodulation 2020; 23:489-495. [PMID: 32058634 DOI: 10.1111/ner.13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Early clinical trials suggest that deep brain stimulation at kilohertz frequencies (10 kHz-DBS) may be effective in improving motor symptoms in patients with movement disorders. The 10 kHz-DBS can deliver significantly more power in tissue compared to conventional frequency DBS, reflecting increased pulse compression (duty cycle). We hypothesize that 10 kHz-DBS modulates neuronal function through moderate local tissue heating, analogous to kilohertz spinal cord stimulation (10 kHz-SCS). To establish the role of tissue heating in 10 kHz-DBS (30 μs, 10 kHz, at intensities of 3-7 mApeak ), a decisive first step is to characterize the range of temperature changes during clinical kHz-DBS protocols. MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed a high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging-derived DBS model incorporating joule-heat coupled bio-heat multi-physics to establish the role of tissue heating. Volume of tissue activated (VTA) under assumptions of activating function (for 130 Hz) or heating (for 10 kHz) based neuromodulation are contrasted. RESULTS DBS waveform power (waveform RMS) determined joule heating at the deep brain tissues. Peak heating was supralinearly dependent on stimulation RMS. The 10 kHz-DBS stimulation with 2.3 to 5.4 mARMS (corresponding to 3 to 7 mApeak ) produced 0.10 to 1.38°C heating at the subthalamic nucleus (STN) target under standard tissue parameters. Maximum temperature increases were predicted inside the electrode encapsulation layer (enCAP) with 2.3 to 5.4 mARMS producing 0.13 to 1.87°C under standard tissue parameters. Tissue parameter analysis predicted STN heating was especially sensitive (ranging from 0.44 to 1.35°C at 3.8 mARMS ) to decreasing enCAP electrical conductivity and decreasing STN thermal conductivity. CONCLUSIONS Subject to validation with in vivo measurements, neuromodulation through a heating mechanism of action by 10 kHz-DBS can indicate novel therapeutic pathways and strategies for dose optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Khadka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irene E Harmsen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andres M Lozano
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
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Horváth ÁC, Borbély S, Boros ÖC, Komáromi L, Koppa P, Barthó P, Fekete Z. Infrared neural stimulation and inhibition using an implantable silicon photonic microdevice. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2020; 6:44. [PMID: 34567656 PMCID: PMC8433474 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-020-0153-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Brain is one of the most temperature sensitive organs. Besides the fundamental role of temperature in cellular metabolism, thermal response of neuronal populations is also significant during the evolution of various neurodegenerative diseases. For such critical environmental factor, thorough mapping of cellular response to variations in temperature is desired in the living brain. So far, limited efforts have been made to create complex devices that are able to modulate temperature, and concurrently record multiple features of the stimulated region. In our work, the in vivo application of a multimodal photonic neural probe is demonstrated. Optical, thermal, and electrophysiological functions are monolithically integrated in a single device. The system facilitates spatial and temporal control of temperature distribution at high precision in the deep brain tissue through an embedded infrared waveguide, while it provides recording of the artefact-free electrical response of individual cells at multiple locations along the probe shaft. Spatial distribution of the optically induced temperature changes is evaluated through in vitro measurements and a validated multi-physical model. The operation of the multimodal microdevice is demonstrated in the rat neocortex and in the hippocampus to increase or suppress firing rate of stimulated neurons in a reversible manner using continuous wave infrared light (λ = 1550 nm). Our approach is envisioned to be a promising candidate as an advanced experimental toolset to reveal thermally evoked responses in the deep neural tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágoston Csaba Horváth
- Research Group for Implantable Microsystems, Faculty of Information Technology & Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
- Microsystems Laboratory, Institute for Technical Physics & Material Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary
- Óbuda University Doctoral School on Materials Sciences and Technologies, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sándor Borbély
- MTA TTK NAP Sleep Oscillations Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Örs Csanád Boros
- Department of Atomic Physics, Budapest University of Technology & Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lili Komáromi
- Department of Atomic Physics, Budapest University of Technology & Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Koppa
- Department of Atomic Physics, Budapest University of Technology & Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Barthó
- MTA TTK NAP Sleep Oscillations Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Fekete
- Research Group for Implantable Microsystems, Faculty of Information Technology & Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
- Microsystems Laboratory, Institute for Technical Physics & Material Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary
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Zhu X, Lin JW, Sander MY. Infrared inhibition and waveform modulation of action potentials in the crayfish motor axon. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:6580-6594. [PMID: 31853418 PMCID: PMC6913409 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.006580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The infrared (IR) inhibition of axonal activities in the crayfish neuromuscular preparation is studied using 2 µm IR light pulses with varying durations. The intracellular neuronal activities are monitored with two-electrode current clamp, while the IR-induced temperature changes are measured by the open patch technique simultaneously. It is demonstrated that the IR pulses can reversibly shape or block locally initiated action potentials. Suppression of the AP amplitude and duration and decrease in axonal excitability by IR pulses are quantitatively analyzed. While the AP amplitude and duration decrease similarly during IR illumination, it is discovered that the recovery of the AP duration after the IR pulses is slower than that of the AP amplitude. An IR-induced decrease in the input resistance (8.8%) is detected and discussed together with the temperature dependent changes in channel kinetics as contributing factors for the inhibition reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedong Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, 24 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, 8 Saint Mary’s Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jen-Wei Lin
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Michelle Y. Sander
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, 24 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, 8 Saint Mary’s Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, 8 Saint Mary’s Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, 15 Saint Mary’s Street, Brookline, MA 02446, USA
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Ganguly M, Ford JB, Zhuo J, McPheeters MT, Jenkins MW, Chiel HJ, Jansen ED. Voltage-gated potassium channels are critical for infrared inhibition of action potentials: an experimental study. NEUROPHOTONICS 2019; 6:040501. [PMID: 31620544 PMCID: PMC6792434 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.6.4.040501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Thermal block of unmyelinated axons may serve as a modality for control, suggesting a means for providing therapies for pain. Computational modeling predicted that potassium channels are necessary for mediating thermal block of propagating compound action potentials (CAPs) with infrared (IR) light. Our study tests that hypothesis. Results suggest that potassium channel blockers disrupt the ability of IR to block propagating CAPs in Aplysia californica nerves, whereas sodium channel blockers appear to have no significant effect. These observations validate the modeling results and suggest potential applications of thermal block to many other unmyelinated axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Ganguly
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Vanderbilt University, Biophotonics Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jeremy B. Ford
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Vanderbilt University, Biophotonics Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Junqi Zhuo
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Matthew T. McPheeters
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Michael W. Jenkins
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Pediatrics, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Hillel J. Chiel
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biology, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - E. Duco Jansen
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Vanderbilt University, Biophotonics Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Neurological Surgery, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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Shan D, Ma C, Yang J. Enabling biodegradable functional biomaterials for the management of neurological disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 148:219-238. [PMID: 31228483 PMCID: PMC6888967 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of patients are being diagnosed with neurological diseases, but are rarely cured because of the lack of curative therapeutic approaches. This situation creates an urgent clinical need to develop effective diagnosis and treatment strategies for repair and regeneration of injured or diseased neural tissues. In this regard, biodegradable functional biomaterials provide promising solutions to meet this demand owing to their unique responsiveness to external stimulation fields, which enable neuro-imaging, neuro-sensing, specific targeting, hyperthermia treatment, controlled drug delivery, and nerve regeneration. This review discusses recent progress in the research and development of biodegradable functional biomaterials including electroactive biomaterials, magnetic materials and photoactive biomaterials for the management of neurological disorders with emphasis on their applications in bioimaging (photoacoustic imaging, MRI and fluorescence imaging), biosensing (electrochemical sensing, magnetic sensing and opical sensing), and therapy strategies (drug delivery, hyperthermia treatment, and tissue engineering). It is expected that this review will provide an insightful discussion on the roles of biodegradable functional biomaterials in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases, and lead to innovations for the design and development of the next generation biodegradable functional biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingying Shan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Chuying Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Selective stimulation of bullfrog sciatic nerve by gold nanorod assisted combined electrical and near-infrared stimulation. Biomed Microdevices 2019; 21:76. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-019-0428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Efferent Inputs Are Required for Normal Function of Vestibular Nerve Afferents. J Neurosci 2019; 39:6922-6935. [PMID: 31285300 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0237-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A group of vestibular afferent nerve fibers with irregular-firing resting discharges are thought to play a prominent role in responses to fast head movements and vestibular plasticity. We show that, in C57BL/6 mice (either sex, 4-5 weeks old), normal activity in the efferent vestibular pathway is required for function of these irregular afferents. Thermal inhibition of efferent fibers results in a profound inhibition of irregular afferents' resting discharges, rendering them inadequate for signaling head movements. In this way, efferent inputs adjust the contribution of the peripheral irregular afferent pathway that plays a critical role in peripheral vestibular signaling and plasticity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Vestibular end organs in the inner ear receive efferent inputs from the brainstem. Previously, electrical stimulation of efferents was linked to an increase in resting discharges of afferents and a decrease in their sensitivities. Here, we show that localized thermal inhibition of unmyelinated efferents results in a significant decrease in the activity of afferent nerve fibers, particularly those with irregular resting discharges implicated in responses to fast head movements and vestibular compensation. Thus, by upregulating and downregulating of afferent firing, particularly irregular afferents, efferents adjust neural activity sensitive to rapid head movements. These findings support the notion that peripheral vestibular end organs are not passive transducers of head movements and their sensory signal transmission is modulated by efferent inputs.
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Jiang B, Hou W, Xia N, Peng F, Wang X, Chen C, Zhou Y, Zheng X, Wu X. Inhibitory effect of 980-nm laser on neural activity of the rat's cochlear nucleus. NEUROPHOTONICS 2019; 6:035009. [PMID: 31482103 PMCID: PMC6710856 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.6.3.035009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared radiation (NIR) has been described as one of the highest-resolution tools for neuromodulation. However, the poor tissue penetration depth of NIR has limited its further application on some of the deeper layer neurons in vivo. A 980-nm short-wavelength NIR (SW-NIR) with high penetration depth was employed, and its inhibitory effect on neurons was investigated in vivo. In experiments, SW-NIR was implemented on the rat's cochlear nucleus (CN), the auditory pathway was activated by pure-tones through the rat's external auditory canal, and the neural responses were recorded in the inferior colliculus by a multichannel electrode array. Neural firing rate (FR) and the first spike latency (FSL) were analyzed to evaluate the optically induced neural inhibition. Meanwhile, a two-layered finite element, consisting of a fluid layer and a gray matter layer, was established to model the optically induced temperature changes in CN; different stimulation paradigms were used to compare the inhibitory efficiency of SW-NIR. Results showed that SW-NIR could reversibly inhibit acoustically induced CN neural activities: with the increase of laser radiant exposures energy, neural FR decreased significantly and FSL lengthened steadily. Significant inhibition occurred when the optical pulse stimulated prior to the acoustic stimulus. Results indicated that the inhibition relies on the establishment time of the temperature field. Moreover, our preliminary results suggest that short-wavelength infrared could regulate the activities of neurons beyond the neural tissues laser irradiated through neural networks and conduction in vivo. These findings may provide a method for accurate neuromodulation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiang
- Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Wensheng Hou
- Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing University, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, China
- Chongqing University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Service Robot Control Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Nan Xia
- Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
- Qingdao University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Computer-assisted Surgery, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Peng
- Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing University, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, China
| | - Chunye Chen
- Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing University, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Chinese Army Medical University, Department of Neurobiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaolin Zheng
- Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing University, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, China
- Chongqing University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Service Robot Control Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing University, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, China
- Chongqing University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Service Robot Control Technology, Chongqing, China
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Xia Q, Nyberg T. Inhibition of cortical neural networks using infrared laser. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201800403. [PMID: 30859700 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to optimize parameters for inhibiting neuronal activity safely and investigating thermal inhibition of rat cortex neural networks in vitro by continuous infrared (IR) laser. Rat cortex neurons were cultured on multi-electrode arrays until neural networks were formed with spontaneous neural activity. Neurons were then irradiated to inhibit the activity of the networks using different powers of 1550 nm IR laser light. A finite element heating model, calibrated by the open glass pipette method, was used to calculate temperature increases at different laser irradiation intensities. A damage signal ratio (DSR) was evaluated to avoid excessive heating that may damage cells. The DSR predicted that cortex neurons should be safe at temperatures up to 49.6°C for 30 seconds, but experiments suggested that cortex neurons should not be exposed to temperatures over 46°C for 30 seconds. Neural response experiments showed that the inhibition of neural activity is temperature dependent. The normal neural activity could be inhibited safely with an inhibition degree up to 80% and induced epileptiform activity could be suppressed. These results show that continuous IR laser radiations provide a possible way to safely inhibit the neural network activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Xia
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Division of Neuronic Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Nyberg
- Division of Neuronic Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wang M, Xia Q, Peng F, Jiang B, Chen L, Wu X, Zheng X, Wang X, Tian T, Hou W. Prolonged post-stimulation response induced by 980-nm infrared neural stimulation in the rat primary motor cortex. Lasers Med Sci 2019; 35:365-372. [PMID: 31222480 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02826-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The post-stimulation response of neural activities plays an important role to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of neural modulation techniques. Previous studies have established the capability of infrared neural modulation (INM) on neural firing regulation in the central nervous system (CNS); however, the dynamic neural activity after the laser offset has not been well characterized yet. We applied 980-nm infrared diode laser light to irradiate the primary motor cortex of rats, and tungsten electrode was inserted to record the single-unit activity of neurons at the depth of 800-1000 μm (layer V of primary motor cortex). The neural activities were assessed through the change of neural firing rate and firing pattern pre- and post-stimulation with various radiant exposures. The results showed that the 980-nm laser could modulate the firing properties of neurons in the deep layer of the cortex. More neurons with post-stimulation response (78% vs. 83%) were observed at higher stimulation intensity (0.803 J/cm2 vs. 1.071 J/cm2, respectively). The change of firing rate also increased with radiant exposures increasing, and the response lasted up to 4.5 s at 1.071 J/cm2, which was significantly longer than the theoretical thermal relaxation time. Moreover, the increasing Fano factors indicated the irregularity firing pattern of post-stimulation response. Our results confirmed that neural activity maintained a prolonged post-stimulation response after INM, which may provide necessary measurable data for optimization of INM applications in CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Qingling Xia
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Fei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- Chongqing Medical Electronics Engineering Technology Research Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xiaolin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- Chongqing Medical Electronics Engineering Technology Research Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
- Chongqing Medical Electronics Engineering Technology Research Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Wensheng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- Chongqing Medical Electronics Engineering Technology Research Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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Ganguly M, Jenkins MW, Jansen ED, Chiel HJ. Thermal block of action potentials is primarily due to voltage-dependent potassium currents: a modeling study. J Neural Eng 2019; 16:036020. [PMID: 30909171 PMCID: PMC11190670 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab131b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thermal block of action potential conduction using infrared lasers is a new modality for manipulating neural activity. It could be used for analysis of the nervous system and for therapeutic applications. We sought to understand the mechanisms of thermal block. APPROACH To analyze the mechanisms of thermal block, we studied both the original Hodgkin/Huxley model, and a version modified to more accurately match experimental data on thermal responses in the squid giant axon. MAIN RESULTS Both the original and modified models suggested that thermal block, especially at higher temperatures, is primarily due to a depolarization-activated hyperpolarization as increased temperature leads to faster activation of voltage-gated potassium ion channels. The minimum length needed to block an axon scaled with the square root of the axon's diameter. SIGNIFICANCE The results suggest that voltage-dependent potassium ion channels play a major role in thermal block, and that relatively short lengths of axon could be thermally manipulated to selectively block fine, unmyelinated axons, such as C fibers, that carry pain and other sensory information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Ganguly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Biophotonics Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Michael W Jenkins
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - E Duco Jansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Biophotonics Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Hillel J Chiel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
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