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Wang L, Li K, Chen F, Guo R, Zhao Y, Liu S, Zhang Y, Li Z, Shen C, Wang Z, Ming X, Liu Y, Chen Y, Liu Y, Gao C, Xu Z. High Performance Nacre Fibers by Engineering Interfacial Entanglement. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:4256-4264. [PMID: 38557048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Biological materials exhibit fascinating mechanical properties for intricate interactions at multiple interfaces to combine superb toughness with wondrous strength and stiffness. Recently, strong interlayer entanglement has emerged to replicate the powerful dissipation of natural proteins and alleviate the conflict between strength and toughness. However, designing intricate interactions in a strong entanglement network needs to be further explored. Here, we modulate interlayer entanglement by introducing multiple interactions, including hydrogen and ionic bonding, and achieve ultrahigh mechanical performance of graphene-based nacre fibers. Two essential modulating trends are directed. One is modulating dynamic hydrogen bonding to improve the strength and toughness up to 1.58 GPa and 52 MJ/m3, simultaneously. The other is tailoring ionic coordinating bonding to raise the strength and stiffness, reaching 2.3 and 253 GPa. Modulating various interactions within robust entanglement provides an effective approach to extend performance limits of bioinspired nacre and optimize multiscale interfaces in diverse composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Kaiwen Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Feifan Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Rui Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics and Medical Science, SV LAB, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Senping Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zeshen Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Chenwei Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Ziqiu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xin Ming
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yingjun Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan 030032, P. R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics and Medical Science, SV LAB, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yilun Liu
- Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics and Medical Science, SV LAB, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Chao Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan 030032, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan 030032, P. R. China
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Wang L, Wang B, Wang Z, Huang J, Li K, Liu S, Lu J, Han Z, Gao Y, Cai G, Liu Y, Chen Y, Lin Y, Liu Y, Gao C, Xu Z. Superior Strong and Tough Nacre-Inspired Materials by Interlayer Entanglement. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:3352-3361. [PMID: 37052245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Natural materials teach that mechanical dissipative interactions relieve the conflict between strength and toughness and enable fabrication of strong yet tough artificial materials. Replicating natural nacre structure has yielded rich biomimetic materials; however, stronger interlayer dissipation still waits to be exploited to extend the performance limits of artificial nacre materials. Here, we introduce strong entanglement as a new artificial interlayer dissipative mechanism and fabricate entangled nacre materials with superior strength and toughness, across molecular to nanoscale nacre structures. The entangled graphene nacre fibers achieved high strength of 1.2 GPa and toughness of 47 MJ/m3, and films reached 1.5 GPa and 25 MJ/m3. Experiments and simulations reveal that strong entanglement can effectively dissipate interlayer energy to relieve the conflict between strength and toughness, acting as natural folded proteins. The strong interlayer entanglement opens up a new path for designing stronger and tougher artificial materials to mimic but surpass natural materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Ziqiu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jiajing Huang
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
| | - Kaiwen Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Senping Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jiahao Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zhanpo Han
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yue Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Gangfeng Cai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yingjun Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, 030032, P. R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yue Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
| | - Yilun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Chao Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, 030032, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, 030032, P. R. China
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3
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Kim JG, Yun T, Chae J, Yang GG, Lee GS, Kim IH, Jung HJ, Hwang HS, Kim JT, Choi SQ, Kim SO. Molecular-Level Lubrication Effect of 0D Nanodiamonds for Highly Bendable Graphene Liquid Crystalline Fibers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:13601-13610. [PMID: 35255687 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Graphene fiber is emerging as a new class of carbon-based fiber with distinctive material properties particularly useful for electroconductive components for wearable devices. Presently, stretchable and bendable graphene fibers are principally employing soft dielectric additives, such as polymers, which can significantly deteriorate the genuine electrical properties of pristine graphene-based structures. We report molecular-level lubricating nanodiamonds as an effective physical property modifier to improve the mechanical flexibility of graphene fibers by relieving the tight interlayer stacking among graphene sheets. Nanoscale-sized NDs effectively increase the tensile strain and bending strain of graphene/nanodiamond composite fibers while maintaining the genuine electrical conductivity of pristine graphene-based fibers. The molecular-level lubricating mechanism is elucidated by friction force microscopy on the nanoscale as well as by shear stress measurement on the macroscopic scale. The resultant highly bendable graphene/nanodiamond composite fiber is successfully weaved into all graphene fiber-based textiles and wearable Joule heaters, proposing the potential for reliable wearable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Goo Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST Institute for Nanocentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyeong Yun
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST Institute for Nanocentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Nano Convergence Technology Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Gyeonggi-do 13509, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsu Chae
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon Gug Yang
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST Institute for Nanocentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang San Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST Institute for Nanocentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST Institute for Nanocentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Ju Jung
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST Institute for Nanocentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Seong Hwang
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST Institute for Nanocentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Tae Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST Institute for Nanocentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyoung Q Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ouk Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST Institute for Nanocentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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4
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Sung K, Nakagawa S, Kim C, Yoshie N. Fabrication of nacre-like polymer/clay nanocomposites with water-resistant and self-adhesion properties. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 564:113-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.12.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Yin F, Hu J, Hong Z, Wang H, Liu G, Shen J, Wang HL, Zhang KQ. A review on strategies for the fabrication of graphene fibres with graphene oxide. RSC Adv 2020; 10:5722-5733. [PMID: 35497453 PMCID: PMC9049421 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10823h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene fibres have been recognized as ideal building blocks to make advanced, macroscopic, and functional materials for a variety of applications. Direct fabrication of graphene fibres with ideal graphene sheets is still far from reality due to the weak intermolecular bonding between graphene sheets. In contrast, the construction of graphene oxide fibres by following a reduction process is a common compromise. The self-assembly of graphene oxide is an effective strategy for the continuous fabrication of graphene fibre. Different fabrication strategies endow graphene fibres with different performances. Over the past decade, various studies have been carried out into integrating graphene oxide nanosheets into graphene fibres. In this review, we summarize the assembly methods of graphene fibres and compare the mechanical and electrical performances of the graphene fibres fabricated by different strategies. Also the influence of the fabrication strategy on mechanical performance is discussed. Finally, the expectation of macroscopic graphene fibres in the future is further presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Jianchen Hu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Zhenglin Hong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Hui Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Gang Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Spacecraft Equipment Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Jun Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Hsing-Lin Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
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6
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Fang B, Chang D, Xu Z, Gao C. A Review on Graphene Fibers: Expectations, Advances, and Prospects. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1902664. [PMID: 31402522 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Graphene fiber (GF) is a macroscopically assembled fibrous material made of individual units of graphene and its derivatives. Beyond traditional carbon fibers, graphene building blocks consisting of regulable sizes and regular orientations of GF are expected to generate extreme mechanical and transport properties, as well as multiple functions in smart electronic fibrous devices and textiles. Here, the features of GF are presented along four lines: preparation, morphology, structure-performance correlations, and state-of-the-art applications as flexible and wearable electronics. The principles, experiments, and keys of fabricating GF from graphite with different methods, focusing on the industrially viable mainstream strategy, wet spinning, are introduced. Then, the fundamental relationship between the mechanical and transport properties and the structure, including both highly condensed structures for high-performance and hierarchical structures for multiple functions, is presented. The advances of GF based on structure-performance formulas boost its functional applications, especially in electronic devices. Finally, the possible promotion methods and structural-functional integrated applications of GF are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Dan Chang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Chao Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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7
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Li F, Zhao H, Yue Y, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Guo L. Dual-Phase Super-Strong and Elastic Ceramic. ACS NANO 2019; 13:4191-4198. [PMID: 30694049 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b09195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ceramic materials exhibit very high stiffness and extraordinary strength, but they typically suffer from brittleness. Amorphization and size confinement are commonly used to reinforce materials. However, the inverse Hall-Petch effect and the shear-band softening effect usually limit further improvement of their performance under a critical size. With an optimum structure design, we demonstrate that dual-phase zirconia nanowires (DP-ZrO2 NWs) with nanocrystals embedded in an amorphous matrix as a strengthening phase can overcome these problems simultaneously. As a result of this structure, in situ tensile tests demonstrate that the mechanical properties have been enormously improved in a way that does not follow both the inverse Hall-Petch effect and the shear band softening effect. The elastic strain approaches ∼7%, and the ultimate strength is 3.52 GPa, accompanied by a high toughness of ∼151 MJ m-3, making the DP-ZrO2 NW composite the strongest and toughest ZrO2 ever achieved. The findings provide a way to improve the mechanical properties of ceramics in a controllable manner, which may serve as a pervasive approach to be broadly applied to a variety of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengshi Li
- School of Chemistry and Environment , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , P. R. China
| | - Hewei Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Environment , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , P. R. China
| | - Yonghai Yue
- School of Chemistry and Environment , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , P. R. China
| | - Zhao Yang
- School of Chemistry and Environment , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , P. R. China
| | - Youwei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environment , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , P. R. China
| | - Lin Guo
- School of Chemistry and Environment , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , P. R. China
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8
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Harito C, Bavykin DV, Yuliarto B, Dipojono HK, Walsh FC. Polymer nanocomposites having a high filler content: synthesis, structures, properties, and applications. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:4653-4682. [PMID: 30840003 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00117d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The recent development of nanoscale fillers, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and nanocellulose, allows the functionality of polymer nanocomposites to be controlled and enhanced. However, conventional synthesis methods of polymer nanocomposites cannot maximise the reinforcement of these nanofillers at high filler content. Approaches for the synthesis of high content filler polymer nanocomposites are suggested to facilitate future applications. The fabrication methods address the design of the polymer nanocomposite architecture, which encompasses one, two, and three dimensional morphologies. Factors that hamper the reinforcement of nanostructures, such as alignment, dispersion of the filler and interfacial bonding between the filler and polymer, are outlined. Using suitable approaches, maximum potential reinforcement of nanoscale fillers can be anticipated without limitations in orientation, dispersion, and the integrity of the filler particle-matrix interface. High filler content polymer composites containing emerging materials such as 2D transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides (MXenes) are expected in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Harito
- Energy Technology Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK.
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9
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Xin G, Zhu W, Deng Y, Cheng J, Zhang LT, Chung AJ, De S, Lian J. Microfluidics-enabled orientation and microstructure control of macroscopic graphene fibres. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 14:168-175. [PMID: 30643269 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-018-0330-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Macroscopic graphene structures such as graphene papers and fibres can be manufactured from individual two-dimensional graphene oxide sheets by a fluidics-enabled assembling process. However, achieving high thermal-mechanical and electrical properties is still challenging due to non-optimized microstructures and morphology. Here, we report graphene structures with tunable graphene sheet alignment and orientation, obtained via microfluidic design, enabling strong size and geometry confinements and control over flow patterns. Thin flat channels can be used to fabricate macroscopic graphene structures with perfectly stacked sheets that exhibit superior thermal and electrical conductivities and improved mechanical strength. We attribute the observed shape and size confinements to the flat distribution of shear stress from the anisotropic microchannel walls and the enhanced shear thinning degree of large graphene oxide sheets in solution. Elongational and step expansion flows are created to produce large-scale graphene tubes and rods with horizontally and perpendicularly aligned graphene sheets by tuning the elongational and extensional shear rates, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Xin
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Weiguang Zhu
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Yanxiang Deng
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Jie Cheng
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Lucy T Zhang
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Aram J Chung
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Suvranu De
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Jie Lian
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
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10
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Wang X, Peng J, Zhang Y, Li M, Saiz E, Tomsia AP, Cheng Q. Ultratough Bioinspired Graphene Fiber via Sequential Toughening of Hydrogen and Ionic Bonding. ACS NANO 2018; 12:12638-12645. [PMID: 30462484 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based fibers synthesized under ambient temperature have not achieved excellent mechanical properties of high toughness or tensile strength compared with those synthesized by hydrothermal strategy or graphitization and annealing treatment. Inspired by the relationship between organic/inorganic hierarchical structure, interfacial interactions, and moderate growth temperature of natural nacre, we fabricate an ultratough graphene fiber via sequential toughening of hydrogen and ionic bonding through a wet-spinning method under ambient temperature. A slight amount of chitosan is introduced to form hydrogen bonding with graphene oxide nanosheets, and the ionic bonding is formed between graphene oxide nanosheets and divalent calcium ions. The optimized sequential toughening of hydrogen and ionic bonding results in an ultratough graphene fiber with toughness of 26.3 MJ/m3 and ultimate tensile strength of 743.6 MPa. Meanwhile, the electrical conductivity of the resultant graphene fiber is as high as 179.0 S/cm. This kind of multifunctional graphene fiber shows promising applications in photovoltaic wires, flexible supercapacitor electrodes, wearable electronic textiles, fiber motors, etc. Furthermore, the strategy of sequential toughening of hydrogen and ionic bonding interactions also offers an avenue for constructing high-performance graphene-based fibers in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , P.R. China
| | - Jingsong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , P.R. China
| | - Mingzhu Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) , Beijing 100190 , P.R. China
| | - Eduardo Saiz
- Department of Materials, Centre for Advanced Structural Ceramics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Antoni P Tomsia
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , P.R. China
| | - Qunfeng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 1000029 , P.R. China
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11
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Kim H, Moon JH, Mun TJ, Park TG, Spinks GM, Wallace GG, Kim SJ. Thermally Responsive Torsional and Tensile Fiber Actuator Based on Graphene Oxide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:32760-32764. [PMID: 30175913 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based actuators are of practical interest because of their relatively low cost compared with other nanocarbon materials, such as carbon nanotubes. We demonstrate the simple fabrication of graphene oxide (GO)-based fibers with an infiltrated nylon-6,6 polymer by wet spinning. These fibers could be twisted to form torsional actuators and further coiled to form tensile actuators. By controlling the relative twisting and coiling direction of the GO/nylon fiber, we were able to realize reversible contraction or elongation actuation with strokes as high as -80 and 75%, respectively, when the samples were heated to 200 °C. The tensile actuation showed a remarkably little hysteresis. Moreover, this GO/nylon actuator could lift loads over 100 times heavier than itself and generate a stable actuation at high temperatures over the melting point of the polymer. This novel kind of GO-based actuator, which has a multidirectional actuation, has potential for a wide range of applications such as artificial muscles, robotics, and temperature sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsoo Kim
- Center for Self-Powered Actuation, Department of Biomedical Engineering , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , Korea
| | - Ji Hwan Moon
- Center for Self-Powered Actuation, Department of Biomedical Engineering , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , Korea
| | - Tae Jin Mun
- Center for Self-Powered Actuation, Department of Biomedical Engineering , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , Korea
| | - Tae Gyu Park
- Center for Self-Powered Actuation, Department of Biomedical Engineering , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , Korea
| | - Geoffrey M Spinks
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus , University of Wollongong , North Wollongong , New South Wales 2522 , Australia
| | - Gordon G Wallace
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus , University of Wollongong , North Wollongong , New South Wales 2522 , Australia
| | - Seon Jeong Kim
- Center for Self-Powered Actuation, Department of Biomedical Engineering , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , Korea
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12
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Padmajan Sasikala S, Lim J, Kim IH, Jung HJ, Yun T, Han TH, Kim SO. Graphene oxide liquid crystals: a frontier 2D soft material for graphene-based functional materials. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:6013-6045. [PMID: 30009312 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00299a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Graphene, despite being the best known strong and electrical/thermal conductive material, has found limited success in practical applications, mostly due to difficulties in the formation of desired large-scale highly organized structures. Our discovery of a liquid crystalline phase formation in graphene oxide dispersion has enabled a broad spectrum of highly aligned graphene-based structures, including films, fibers, membranes, and mesoscale structures. In this review, the current understanding of the structure-property relationship of graphene oxide liquid crystals (GOLCs) is overviewed. Various synthetic methods and parameters that can be optimized for GOLC phase formation are highlighted. Along with the results from different characterization methods for the identification of the GOLC phases, the typical characteristics of different types of GOLC phases introduced so far, including nematic, lamellar and chiral phases, are carefully discussed. Finally, various interesting applications of GOLCs are outlined together with the future prospects for their further developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchithra Padmajan Sasikala
- National Creative Research Initiative Centre for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Kim IH, Yun T, Kim JE, Yu H, Sasikala SP, Lee KE, Koo SH, Hwang H, Jung HJ, Park JY, Jeong HS, Kim SO. Mussel-Inspired Defect Engineering of Graphene Liquid Crystalline Fibers for Synergistic Enhancement of Mechanical Strength and Electrical Conductivity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1803267. [PMID: 30088842 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by mussel adhesive polydopamine (PDA), effective reinforcement of graphene-based liquid crystalline fibers to attain high mechanical and electrical properties simultaneously is presented. The two-step defect engineering, relying on bioinspired surface polymerization and subsequent solution infiltration of PDA, addresses the intrinsic limitation of graphene fibers arising from the folding and wrinkling of graphene layers during the fiber-spinning process. For a clear understanding of the mechanism of PDA-induced defect engineering, interfacial adhesion between graphene oxide sheets is straightforwardly analyzed by the atomic force microscopy pull-off test. Subsequently, PDA could be converted into an N-doped graphitic layer within the fiber structure by a mild thermal treatment such that mechanically strong fibers could be obtained without sacrificing electrical conductivity. Bioinspired graphene-based fiber holds great promise for a wide range of applications, including flexible electronics, multifunctional textiles, and wearable sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Ho Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyeong Yun
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Eun Kim
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of EEWS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Yu
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonrabuk-do, 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Suchithra Padmajan Sasikala
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Koo
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoseong Hwang
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Ju Jung
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of EEWS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Su Jeong
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonrabuk-do, 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ouk Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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14
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Lin S, Zhong Y, Zhao X, Sawada T, Li X, Lei W, Wang M, Serizawa T, Zhu H. Synthetic Multifunctional Graphene Composites with Reshaping and Self-Healing Features via a Facile Biomineralization-Inspired Process. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1803004. [PMID: 29968305 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Since graphene is a type of 2D carbon material with excellent mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties, the efficient preparation of graphene macroscopic assemblies is significant in the potentially large-scale application of graphene sheets. Conventional preparation methods of graphene macroscopic assemblies need strict conditions, and, once formed, the assemblies cannot be edited, reshaped, or recycled. Herein, inspired by the biomineralization process, a feasible approach of shapeable, multimanipulatable, and recyclable gel-like composite consisting of graphene oxide/poly(acrylic acid)/amorphous calcium carbonate (GO-PAA-ACC) is designed. This GO-PAA-ACC material can be facilely synthesized at room temperature with a cross-linking network structure formed during the preparation process. Remarkably, it is stretchable, malleable, self-healable, and easy to process in the wet state, but tough and rigid in the dried state. In addition, these two states can be readily switched by adjusting the water content, which shows recyclability and can be used for 3D printing to form varied architectures. Furthermore, GO-PAA-ACC can be functionalized or processed to meet a variety of specific application requirements (e.g., energy-storage, actuators). The preparation method of GO-PAA-ACC composite in this work also provides a novel strategy for the versatile macroscopic assembly of other materials, which is low-cost, efficient, and convenient for broad application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yujia Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xuanliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Toshiki Sawada
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Xinming Li
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Wenhai Lei
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Moran Wang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Takeshi Serizawa
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Hongwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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15
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Zhang S, Pelligra CI, Feng X, Osuji CO. Directed Assembly of Hybrid Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1705794. [PMID: 29520839 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid nanomaterials are molecular or colloidal-level combinations of organic and inorganic materials, or otherwise strongly dissimilar materials. They are often, though not exclusively, anisotropic in shape. A canonical example is an inorganic nanorod or nanosheet sheathed in, or decorated by, a polymeric or other organic material, where both the inorganic and organic components are important for the properties of the system. Hybrid nanomaterials and nanocomposites have generated strong interest for a broad range of applications due to their functional properties. Generating macroscopic assemblies of hybrid nanomaterials and nanomaterials in nanocomposites with controlled orientation and placement by directed assembly is important for realizing such applications. Here, a survey of critical issues and themes in directed assembly of hybrid nanomaterials and nanocomposites is provided, highlighting recent efforts in this field with particular emphasis on scalable methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanju Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA
| | - Candice I Pelligra
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Xunda Feng
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Chinedum O Osuji
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
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16
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Mo M, Chen C, Gao H, Chen M, Li D. Wet-spinning assembly of cellulose nanofibers reinforced graphene/polypyrrole microfibers for high performance fiber-shaped supercapacitors. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.02.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Ma T, Gao HL, Cong HP, Yao HB, Wu L, Yu ZY, Chen SM, Yu SH. A Bioinspired Interface Design for Improving the Strength and Electrical Conductivity of Graphene-Based Fibers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706435. [PMID: 29484728 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based fibers (GBFs) are attractive for next-generation wearable electronics due to their potentially high mechanical strength, superior flexibility, and excellent electrical and thermal conductivity. Many efforts have been devoted to improving these properties of GBFs in the past few years. However, fabricating GBFs with high strength and electrical conductivity simultaneously remains as a great challenge. Herein, inspired by nacre-like multilevel structural design, an interface-reinforced method is developed to improve both the mechanical property and electrical conductivity of the GBFs by introducing polydopamine-derived N-doped carbon species as resistance enhancers, binding agents, and conductive connection "bridges." Remarkably, both the tensile strength and electrical conductivity of the obtained GBFs are significantly improved to ≈724 MPa and ≈6.6 × 104 S m-1 , respectively, demonstrating great superiority compared to previously reported similar GBFs. These outstanding integrated performances of the GBFs provide it with great application potential in the fields of flexible and wearable microdevices such as sensors, actuators, supercapacitors, and batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ma
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Hefei Science Center of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Huai-Ling Gao
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Hefei Science Center of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Huai-Ping Cong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Hong-Bin Yao
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Hefei Science Center of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Hefei Science Center of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zi-You Yu
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Hefei Science Center of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Si-Ming Chen
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Hefei Science Center of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Hefei Science Center of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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18
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Tian Q, Xu Z, Liu Y, Fang B, Peng L, Xi J, Li Z, Gao C. Dry spinning approach to continuous graphene fibers with high toughness. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:12335-12342. [PMID: 28825752 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr03895j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Graphene fiber (GF) has emerged as a new carbonaceous fiber species since graphene-based liquid crystals were discovered. The growing performances of GFs in terms of their mechanical performance and their functionalities have assured their extensive applications in structural materials and functional textiles. To date, many spinning strategies utilizing coagulation baths have been applied in GF, which necessitates a complicated washing process. Dry spinning is a more convenient and green method for use with fibers in the chemical fiber industry, and should be a good option for GFs; however, this technique has never been used in a system of GF. In this research, first the dry spinning technique was used to fabricate continuous GFs and the dry spun GFs showed good toughness and flexibility. The dry spinnability of graphene oxide liquid crystals was achieved by choosing dispersive solvents with low surface tension and high volatility. The dry spun neat GFs possessed high toughness up to 19.12 MJ m-3, outperforming the wet spun neat GFs. This dry spinning methodology facilitates the green fabrication of fibers of graphene and graphene-beyond two-dimensional nanomaterials, and it may also be extended to other printing technologies for complex graphene architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qishi Tian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, PR China.
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19
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Yun YJ, Ah CS, Hong WG, Kim HJ, Shin JH, Jun Y. Highly conductive and environmentally stable gold/graphene yarns for flexible and wearable electronics. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:11439-11445. [PMID: 28786455 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04384h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, we fabricated high-performance gold/graphene yarns through a facile method by the electroless deposition of gold nanoparticles onto the surface of graphene yarns. The gold/graphene yarns are fabricated using a completely solution-based process that can be scaled up for practical applications. They possess high electrical conductivity (2.86 × 102 S cm-1) and good gravimetric specific conductivity (6.81 × 102 S cm2 g-1) as well as good reliability under 1000 bending tests with a maximum bending angle of 170° and 10 washing tests with laundry detergents. These stable conducting yarns could also be integrated into textiles and clothes in various forms to create smart fabrics and wearable devices. In addition, this facile approach is easily applicable to various graphene films and devices on soft substrates that are presently used in flexible/wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ju Yun
- Department of Energy Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Kou L, Liu Y, Zhang C, Shao L, Tian Z, Deng Z, Gao C. A Mini Review on Nanocarbon-Based 1D Macroscopic Fibers: Assembly Strategies and Mechanical Properties. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2017; 9:51. [PMID: 30393746 PMCID: PMC6199052 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-017-0151-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Nanocarbon-based materials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene have been attached much attention by scientific and industrial community. As two representative nanocarbon materials, one-dimensional CNTs and two-dimensional graphene both possess remarkable mechanical properties. In the past years, a large amount of work have been done by using CNTs or graphene as building blocks for constructing novel, macroscopic, mechanically strong fibrous materials. In this review, we summarize the assembly approaches of CNT-based fibers and graphene-based fibers in chronological order, respectively. The mechanical performances of these fibrous materials are compared, and the critical influences on the mechanical properties are discussed. Personal perspectives on the fabrication methods of CNT- and graphene-based fibers are further presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Kou
- Shaanxi Coal and Chemical Technology Institute Co., Ltd, 2 Jinye Road 1, Xi’an, 710070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingjun Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Shaanxi Coal and Chemical Technology Institute Co., Ltd, 2 Jinye Road 1, Xi’an, 710070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Le Shao
- Shaanxi Coal and Chemical Technology Institute Co., Ltd, 2 Jinye Road 1, Xi’an, 710070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanyuan Tian
- Shaanxi Coal and Chemical Technology Institute Co., Ltd, 2 Jinye Road 1, Xi’an, 710070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zengshe Deng
- Shaanxi Coal and Chemical Technology Institute Co., Ltd, 2 Jinye Road 1, Xi’an, 710070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 People’s Republic of China
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21
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Gao E, Cao Y, Liu Y, Xu Z. Optimizing Interfacial Cross-Linking in Graphene-Derived Materials, Which Balances Intralayer and Interlayer Load Transfer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:24830-24839. [PMID: 28677388 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b04411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-derived layer-by-layer (LbL) assemblies in the form of films or fibers have recently attracted particular interests owing to their low cost, facile fabrication, and outstanding mechanical properties, which could be further tuned by surface functionalization that cross-links graphene sheets in the assembly. However, this interfacial engineering approach has not yet been finely utilized considering the dual roles of cross-links in modifying the intrinsic properties of graphene sheets and their interlayer interactions. In this work, combining first-principles calculations and continuum-mechanics-based model analysis, we find that the functionalization weakens the intrinsic mechanical resistance of graphene, whereas it enhances interlayer load transfer through interlayer cross-linking. There are optimum cross-linking densities or concentrations of the surface functional groups that maximize the overall tensile stiffness, tensile strength and strain to failure of graphene-derived LbL assemblies, arising from the competition between intralayer and interlayer load-bearing mechanisms, as defined by the type of functionalization and size of graphene sheets. Our work quantifies the ultimate mechanical performance of graphene-derived LbL assemblies, on the condition that their microstructures and functionalization could be adequately controlled in the fabrication process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enlai Gao
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Cao
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yilun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhiping Xu
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
- Applied Mechanics and Structure Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Mechanics and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
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22
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Zhang P, Li J, Lv L, Zhao Y, Qu L. Vertically Aligned Graphene Sheets Membrane for Highly Efficient Solar Thermal Generation of Clean Water. ACS NANO 2017; 11:5087-5093. [PMID: 28423271 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Efficient utilization of solar energy for clean water is an attractive, renewable, and environment friendly way to solve the long-standing water crisis. For this task, we prepared the long-range vertically aligned graphene sheets membrane (VA-GSM) as the highly efficient solar thermal converter for generation of clean water. The VA-GSM was prepared by the antifreeze-assisted freezing technique we developed, which possessed the run-through channels facilitating the water transport, high light absorption capacity for excellent photothermal transduction, and the extraordinary stability in rigorous conditions. As a result, VA-GSM has achieved average water evaporation rates of 1.62 and 6.25 kg m-2 h-1 under 1 and 4 sun illumination with a superb solar thermal conversion efficiency of up to 86.5% and 94.2%, respectively, better than that of most carbon materials reported previously, which can efficiently produce the clean water from seawater, common wastewater, and even concentrated acid and/or alkali solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijng 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijng 100081, P. R. China
| | - Lingxiao Lv
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijng 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijng 100081, P. R. China
| | - Liangti Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijng 100081, P. R. China
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23
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Liu Y, Xu Z, Gao W, Cheng Z, Gao C. Graphene and Other 2D Colloids: Liquid Crystals and Macroscopic Fibers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1606794. [PMID: 28233348 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional colloidal nanomaterials are running into renaissance after the enlightening researches of graphene. Macroscopic one-dimensional fiber is an optimal ordered structural form to express the in-plane merits of 2D nanomaterials, and the formation of liquid crystals (LCs) allows the creation of continuous fibers. In the correlated system from LCs to fibers, understanding their macroscopic organizing behavior and transforming them into new solid fibers is greatly significant for applications. Herein, we retrospect the history of 2D colloids and discuss about the concept of 2D nanomaterial fibers in the context of LCs, elaborating the motivation, principle and possible strategies of fabrication. Then we highlight the creation, development and typical applications of graphene fibers. Additionally, the latest advances of other 2D nanomaterial fibers are also summarized. Finally, conclusions, challenges and perspectives are provided to show great expectations of better and more fibrous materials of 2D nanomaterials. This review gives a comprehensive retrospect of the past century-long effort about the whole development of 2D colloids, and plots a clear roadmap - "lamellar solid - LCs - macroscopic fibers - flexible devices", which will certainly open a new era of structural-multifunctional application for the conventional 2D colloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zhengdong Cheng
- Arti McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Chao Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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Knöller A, Lampa CP, Cube FV, Zeng TH, Bell DC, Dresselhaus MS, Burghard Z, Bill J. Strengthening of Ceramic-based Artificial Nacre via Synergistic Interactions of 1D Vanadium Pentoxide and 2D Graphene Oxide Building Blocks. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40999. [PMID: 28102338 PMCID: PMC5244477 DOI: 10.1038/srep40999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nature has evolved hierarchical structures of hybrid materials with excellent mechanical properties. Inspired by nacre’s architecture, a ternary nanostructured composite has been developed, wherein stacked lamellas of 1D vanadium pentoxide nanofibres, intercalated with water molecules, are complemented by 2D graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets. The components self-assemble at low temperature into hierarchically arranged, highly flexible ceramic-based papers. The papers’ mechanical properties are found to be strongly influenced by the amount of the integrated GO phase. Nanoindentation tests reveal an out-of-plane decrease in Young’s modulus with increasing GO content. Furthermore, nanotensile tests reveal that the ceramic-based papers with 0.5 wt% GO show superior in-plane mechanical performance, compared to papers with higher GO contents as well as to pristine V2O5 and GO papers. Remarkably, the performance is preserved even after stretching the composite material for 100 nanotensile test cycles. The good mechanical stability and unique combination of stiffness and flexibility enable this material to memorize its micro- and macroscopic shape after repeated mechanical deformations. These findings provide useful guidelines for the development of bioinspired, multifunctional systems whose hierarchical structure imparts tailored mechanical properties and cycling stability, which is essential for applications such as actuators or flexible electrodes for advanced energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Knöller
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstr.3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian P Lampa
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstr.3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Felix von Cube
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Tingying Helen Zeng
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P.R. China
| | - David C Bell
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Mildred S Dresselhaus
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zaklina Burghard
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstr.3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joachim Bill
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstr.3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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25
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Li Z, Xu Z, Liu Y, Wang R, Gao C. Multifunctional non-woven fabrics of interfused graphene fibres. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13684. [PMID: 27901022 PMCID: PMC5141476 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon-based fibres hold promise for preparing multifunctional fabrics with electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, permeability, flexibility and lightweight. However, these fabrics are of limited performance mainly because of the weak interaction between fibres. Here we report non-woven graphene fibre fabrics composed of randomly oriented and interfused graphene fibres with strong interfibre bonding. The all-graphene fabrics obtained through a wet-fusing assembly approach are porous and lightweight, showing high in-plane electrical conductivity up to ∼2.8 × 104 S m−1 and prominent thermal conductivity of ∼301.5 W m−1 K−1. Given the low density (0.22 g cm−3), their specific electrical and thermal conductivities set new records for carbon-based papers/fabrics and even surpass those of individual graphene fibres. The as-prepared fabrics are further used as ultrafast responding electrothermal heaters and durable oil-adsorbing felts, demonstrating their great potential as high-performance and multifunctional fabrics in real-world applications. Carbon-based fibres are at the core of electrically conductive multifunctional fabrics, yet improving the weak interaction between fibres remains a challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate an assembly method where graphene fibres are fused at junctions with record specific electrical and thermal conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials &Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials &Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yingjun Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials &Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ran Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials &Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chao Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials &Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
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26
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Li M, Zhang X, Wang X, Ru Y, Qiao J. Ultrastrong Graphene-Based Fibers with Increased Elongation. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:6511-6515. [PMID: 27685151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new method to prepare graphene-based fibers with ultrahigh tensile strength, conductivity, and increased elongation is reported. It includes wet-spinning the mixture of GO aqueous dispersion with phenolic resin solution in a newly developed coagulation bath, followed by annealing. The introduced phenolic carbon increased densification of graphene fibers through reducing defects and increased interfacial interaction among graphene sheets by forming new C-C bonds, thus resulting in the increasing of stiffness, toughness, and conductivity simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mochen Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical and Technology , Beijing 100029, China
- SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry , Beijing 100013, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry , Beijing 100013, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry , Beijing 100013, China
| | - Yue Ru
- SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry , Beijing 100013, China
| | - Jinliang Qiao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical and Technology , Beijing 100029, China
- SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry , Beijing 100013, China
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27
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Xiong DB, Cao M, Guo Q, Tan Z, Fan G, Li Z, Zhang D. High content reduced graphene oxide reinforced copper with a bioinspired nano-laminated structure and large recoverable deformation ability. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33801. [PMID: 27647264 PMCID: PMC5029288 DOI: 10.1038/srep33801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
By using CuO/graphene-oxide/CuO sandwich-like nanosheets as the building blocks, bulk nacre-inspired copper matrix nano-laminated composite reinforced by molecular-level dispersed and ordered reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with content as high as ∼45 vol% was fabricated via a combined process of assembly, reduction and consolidation. Thanks to nanoconfinement effect, reinforcing effect, as well as architecture effect, the nanocomposite shows increased specific strength and at least one order of magnitude greater recoverable deformation ability as compared with monolithic Cu matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Bang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhanqiu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Genlian Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Di Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
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28
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Wan S, Peng J, Jiang L, Cheng Q. Bioinspired Graphene-Based Nanocomposites and Their Application in Flexible Energy Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:7862-7898. [PMID: 27356114 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201601934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is the strongest and stiffest material ever identified and the best electrical conductor known to date, making it an ideal candidate for constructing nanocomposites used in flexible energy devices. However, it remains a great challenge to assemble graphene nanosheets into macro-sized high-performance nanocomposites in practical applications of flexible energy devices using traditional approaches. Nacre, the gold standard for biomimicry, provides an excellent example and guideline for assembling two-dimensional nanosheets into high-performance nanocomposites. This review summarizes recent research on the bioinspired graphene-based nanocomposites (BGBNs), and discusses different bioinspired assembly strategies for constructing integrated high-strength and -toughness graphene-based nanocomposites through various synergistic effects. Fundamental properties of graphene-based nanocomposites, such as strength, toughness, and electrical conductivities, are highlighted. Applications of the BGBNs in flexible energy devices, as well as potential challenges, are addressed. Inspired from the past work done by the community a roadmap for the future of the BGBNs in flexible energy device applications is depicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Wan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Jingsong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Qunfeng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China.
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29
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Ming P, Zhang Q, Liu T, Jiang L, Cheng Q. Ultrastrong Bioinspired Graphene-Based Fibers via Synergistic Toughening. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:2834-9. [PMID: 26868094 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201506074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultrastrong bioinspired graphene-based fibers are designed and prepared via synergistic toughening of ionic and covalent bonding. The tensile strength reaches up to 842.6 MPa and is superior to all other reported graphene-based fibers. In addition, its electrical conductivity is as high as 292.4 S cm(-1). This bioinspired synergistic toughening strategy supplies new insight toward the construction of integrated high-performance graphene-based fibers in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Printed Electronics, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, P. R. China
| | - Peng Ming
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Tianxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Qunfeng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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30
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Narayan R, Kim JE, Kim JY, Lee KE, Kim SO. Graphene Oxide Liquid Crystals: Discovery, Evolution and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:3045-68. [PMID: 26928388 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201505122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The discovery and relevant research progress in graphene oxide liquid crystals (GOLCs), the latest class of 2D nanomaterials exhibiting colloidal liquid crystallinity arising from the intrinsic disc-like shape anisotropy, is highlighted. GOLC has conferred a versatile platform for the development of novel properties and applications based on the facile controllability of molecular scale alignment. The first part of this review offers a brief introduction to LCs, including the theoretical background. Particular attention has been paid to the different types of LC phases that have been reported thus far, such as nematic, lamellar and chiral phases. Several key parameters governing the ultimate stability of GOLC behavior, including pH and ionic strength of aqueous dispersions are highlighted. In a relatively short span of time since its discovery, GOLCs have proved their remarkable potential in a broad spectrum of applications, including highly oriented wet-spun fibers, self-assembled nanocomposites, and architectures for energy storage devices. The second part of this review is devoted to an exclusive overview of the relevant applications. Finally, an outlook is provided into this newly emerging research field, where two well established scientific communities for carbon nanomaterials and liquid crystals are ideally merged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Narayan
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Young Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ouk Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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31
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Liu Q, Zhang M, Huang L, Li Y, Chen J, Li C, Shi G. High-Quality Graphene Ribbons Prepared from Graphene Oxide Hydrogels and Their Application for Strain Sensors. ACS NANO 2015; 9:12320-6. [PMID: 26481766 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) ribbons with arbitrary lengths were prepared by dry spinning of the hydrogels of graphene oxide (GO) formed via thermal annealing GO dispersions, and followed by chemical reduction. These rGO ribbons are flexible, having ultrahigh tensile strengths of 582 ± 17 MPa, ultrahigh fracture energies of 18.29 ± 2.47 MJ m(-3), high conductivities of 662 ± 41 S cm(-1), and an extremely large breakdown current density of about 11,500 A cm(-2). Strain sensors based on the meshes of these ribbons showed sensitive recoverable responses to different tensile strains with excellent cycling stability, promising for the applications in wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Country Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterial Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Country Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterial Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Huang
- Country Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterial Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingru Li
- Country Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterial Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Chen
- Country Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterial Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Li
- Country Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterial Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaoquan Shi
- Country Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterial Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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32
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Meng F, Lu W, Li Q, Byun JH, Oh Y, Chou TW. Graphene-Based Fibers: A Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:5113-5131. [PMID: 26248041 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201501126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by their unique structure and excellent properties, significant progress has been made in recent years in the development of graphene-based fibers (GBFs). Potential applications of GBFs can be found, for instance, in conducting wires, energy storage and conversion devices, actuators, field emitters, solid-phase microextraction, springs, and catalysis. In contrast to graphene-based aerogels (GBAs) and membranes (GBMs), GBFs demonstrate remarkable mechanical and electrical properties and can be bent, knotted, or woven into flexible electronic textiles. In this review, the state-of-the-art of GBFs is summarized, focusing on their synthesis, performance, and applications. Future directions of GBF research are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fancheng Meng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Weibang Lu
- Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Qingwen Li
- Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Joon-Hyung Byun
- Composites Research Center, Korean Institute of Materials Science, Changwon, 641831, South Korea
| | - Youngseok Oh
- Composites Research Center, Korean Institute of Materials Science, Changwon, 641831, South Korea
| | - Tsu-Wei Chou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
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33
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Xin G, Yao T, Sun H, Scott SM, Shao D, Wang G, Lian J. Highly thermally conductive and mechanically strong graphene fibers. Science 2015; 349:1083-7. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa6502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 471] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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34
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Li Z, Liu Z, Sun H, Gao C. Superstructured Assembly of Nanocarbons: Fullerenes, Nanotubes, and Graphene. Chem Rev 2015; 115:7046-117. [PMID: 26168245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Haiyan Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Chao Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China
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35
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Wei X, Li D, Jiang W, Gu Z, Wang X, Zhang Z, Sun Z. 3D Printable Graphene Composite. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11181. [PMID: 26153673 PMCID: PMC4495599 DOI: 10.1038/srep11181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In human being's history, both the Iron Age and Silicon Age thrived after a matured massive processing technology was developed. Graphene is the most recent superior material which could potentially initialize another new material Age. However, while being exploited to its full extent, conventional processing methods fail to provide a link to today's personalization tide. New technology should be ushered in. Three-dimensional (3D) printing fills the missing linkage between graphene materials and the digital mainstream. Their alliance could generate additional stream to push the graphene revolution into a new phase. Here we demonstrate for the first time, a graphene composite, with a graphene loading up to 5.6 wt%, can be 3D printable into computer-designed models. The composite's linear thermal coefficient is below 75 ppm·°C(-1) from room temperature to its glass transition temperature (Tg), which is crucial to build minute thermal stress during the printing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Dong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology School of Physics Science and Engineering Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Department of Applied Chemistry Xi’an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zheming Gu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Engineering Materials Application and Evaluation, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology School of Physics Science and Engineering Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Zengxing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology School of Physics Science and Engineering Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Zhengzong Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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36
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Zhao S, Wang H, Xin L, Cui J, Yan Y. A Versatile Platform of 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl) Pyrrolidine Grafted Graphene for Preparation of Various Graphene-derived Materials. Chem Asian J 2015; 10:1177-83. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201403439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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37
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Wu Y, Cao R, Ji L, Huang W, Yang X, Tu Y. Synergistic toughening of bioinspired artificial nacre by polystyrene grafted graphene oxide. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03074a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A biologically inspired, multilayer laminate structural design is deployed in composite films of polystyrene (PS) grafted graphene oxide (GO) synthesized by a Ce(iv)/HNO3 redox system in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Wu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Rui Cao
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Liangliang Ji
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Weichun Huang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Yingfeng Tu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
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38
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Cong HP, Chen JF, Yu SH. Graphene-based macroscopic assemblies and architectures: an emerging material system. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:7295-325. [PMID: 25065466 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00181h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to the outstanding physicochemical properties arising from its truly two-dimensional (2D) planar structure with a single-atom thickness, graphene exhibits great potential for use in sensors, catalysts, electrodes, and in biological applications, etc. With further developments in the theoretical understanding and assembly techniques, graphene should enable great changes both in scientific research and practical industrial applications. By the look of development, it is of fundamental and practical significance to translate the novel physical and chemical properties of individual graphene nanosheets into the macroscale by the assembly of graphene building blocks into macroscopic architectures with structural specialities and functional novelties. The combined features of a 2D planar structure and abundant functional groups of graphene oxide (GO) should provide great possibilities for the assembly of GO nanosheets into macroscopic architectures with different macroscaled shapes through various assembly techniques under different bonding interactions. Moreover, macroscopic graphene frameworks can be used as ideal scaffolds for the incorporation of functional materials to offset the shortage of pure graphene in the specific desired functionality. The advantages of light weight, supra-flexibility, large surface area, tough mechanical strength, and high electrical conductivity guarantee graphene-based architectures wide application fields. This critical review mainly addresses recent advances in the design and fabrication of graphene-based macroscopic assemblies and architectures and their potential applications. Herein, we first provide overviews of the functional macroscopic graphene materials from three aspects, i.e., 1D graphene fibers/ribbons, 2D graphene films/papers, 3D network-structured graphene monoliths, and their composite counterparts with either polymers or nano-objects. Then, we present the promising potential applications of graphene-based macroscopic assemblies in the fields of electronic and optoelectronic devices, sensors, electrochemical energy devices, and in water treatment. Last, the personal conclusions and perspectives for this intriguing field are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Ping Cong
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
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Abstract
In nanotechnology, the creation of new nanoparticles consistently feeds back into efforts to design and fabricate new macroscopic materials with specific properties. As a two-dimensional (2D) building block of new materials, graphene has received widespread attention due to its exceptional mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. But harnessing these attributes into new materials requires developing methods to assemble single-atom-thick carbon flakes into macroscopically ordered structures. Because the melt processing of carbon materials is impossible, fluid assembly is the only viable approach for meeting this challenge. But in the meantime, researchers need to solve two fundamental problems: creating orientational ordering in fluids and the subsequent phase-transformation from ordered fluids into ordered solid materials. To address these problems, this Account highlights our graphene chemistry methods that take advantage of liquid crystals to produce graphene fibers. We have successfully synthesized graphene oxide (GO) from graphite in a scalable manner. Using the size of graphite particles and post fractionation, we successfully tuned the lateral size of GO from submicron sizes to dozens of microns. Based on the rich chemistry of GO, we developed reliable methods for chemical or physical functionalization of graphene and produced a series of functionalized, highly soluble graphene derivatives that behave as single layers even at high concentrations. In the dispersive system of GO and functionalized graphenes, rich liquid crystals (LCs) formed spontaneously. Some of these liquid crystals had a conventional nematic phase with orientational order; others had a lamellar phase. Importantly, we observed a new chiral mesophase featuring a helical-lamellar structural model with frustrated disinclinations. The graphene-based LCs show ordered assembly behaviors in the fluid state of 2D colloids and lay a foundation for the design of ordered materials with optimal performances. Using the wet-spinning assembly approach, we transformed prealigned liquid crystalline dopes into graphene fibers (GFs) with highly ordered structures. We extended the wet-spinning assembly strategy to polymer-grafted or mixed graphene LCs to obtain hierarchically assembled, continuous nacre-mimetic fibers and hybridized graphene fibers. Both the neat GFs and the composite fibers are strong, flexible, electrically conductive, and chemically resistive. Multifunctional fibers that are both flexible and modular could be a key for applying atomically thin graphene in real-world materials and devices such as supercapacitors and solar cells. Therefore, we have opened a brand-new avenue for transforming mineral graphite into high performance, multifunctional GFs and offered an alternative strategy for the fabrication of carbon fibers. We hope that this Account and further efforts in the field will guide researchers toward the macroscopic assembly of graphene and its real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular
Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and
Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Chao Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular
Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and
Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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Wang J, Cheng Q, Lin L, Jiang L. Synergistic toughening of bioinspired poly(vinyl alcohol)-clay-nanofibrillar cellulose artificial nacre. ACS NANO 2014; 8:2739-45. [PMID: 24506706 DOI: 10.1021/nn406428n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the layered aragonite platelet/nanofibrillar chitin/protein ternary structure and integration of extraordinary strength and toughness of natural nacre, artificial nacre based on clay platelet/nanofibrillar cellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) is constructed through an evaporation-induced self-assembly technique. The synergistic toughening effect from clay platelets and nanofibrillar cellulose is successfully demonstrated. The artificial nacre achieves an excellent balance of strength and toughness and a fatigue-resistant property, superior to natural nacre and other conventional layered clay/polymer binary composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Environment, BeiHang University Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
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