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Grishanova AY, Perepechaeva ML. Kynurenic Acid/AhR Signaling at the Junction of Inflammation and Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6933. [PMID: 39000041 PMCID: PMC11240928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Persistent systemic chronic inflammatory conditions are linked with many pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), a leading cause of death across the globe. Among various risk factors, one of the new possible contributors to CVDs is the metabolism of essential amino acid tryptophan. Proinflammatory signals promote tryptophan metabolism via the kynurenine (KYN) pathway (KP), thereby resulting in the biosynthesis of several immunomodulatory metabolites whose biological effects are associated with the development of symptoms and progression of various inflammatory diseases. Some participants in the KP are agonists of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a central player in a signaling pathway that, along with a regulatory influence on the metabolism of environmental xenobiotics, performs a key immunomodulatory function by triggering various cellular mechanisms with the participation of endogenous ligands to alleviate inflammation. An AhR ligand with moderate affinity is the central metabolite of the KP: KYN; one of the subsequent metabolites of KYN-kynurenic acid (KYNA)-is a more potent ligand of AhR. Understanding the role of AhR pathway-related metabolites of the KP that regulate inflammatory factors in cells of the cardiovascular system is interesting and important for achieving effective treatment of CVDs. The purpose of this review was to summarize the results of studies about the participation of the KP metabolite-KYNA-and of the AhR signaling pathway in the regulation of inflammation in pathological conditions of the heart and blood vessels and about the possible interaction of KYNA with AhR signaling in some CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria L. Perepechaeva
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Timakova Str. 2, Novosibirsk 630060, Russia;
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Ambrosio LF, Volpini X, Quiroz JN, Brugo MB, Knubel CP, Herrera MR, Fozzatti L, Avila Pacheco J, Clish CB, Takenaka MC, Beloscar J, Theumer MG, Quintana FJ, Perez AR, Motrán CC. Association between altered tryptophan metabolism, plasma aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists, and inflammatory Chagas disease. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1267641. [PMID: 38283348 PMCID: PMC10811785 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1267641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chagas disease causes a cardiac illness characterized by immunoinflammatory reactions leading to myocardial fibrosis and remodeling. The development of Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy (CCC) in some patients while others remain asymptomatic is not fully understood, but dysregulated inflammatory responses are implicated. The Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays a crucial role in regulating inflammation. Certain tryptophan (Trp) metabolites have been identified as AhR ligands with regulatory functions. Methods results and discussion We investigated AhR expression, agonist response, ligand production, and AhR-dependent responses, such as IDO activation and regulatory T (Treg) cells induction, in two T. cruzi-infected mouse strains (B6 and Balb/c) showing different polymorphisms in AhR. Furthermore, we assessed the metabolic profile of Trp catabolites and AhR agonistic activity levels in plasma samples from patients with chronic Chagas disease (CCD) and healthy donors (HD) using a luciferase reporter assay and liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (LC-MS) analysis. T. cruzi-infected B6 mice showed impaired AhR-dependent responses compared to Balb/c mice, including reduced IDO activity, kynurenine levels, Treg cell induction, CYP1A1 up-regulation, and AhR expression following agonist activation. Additionally, B6 mice exhibited no detectable AhR agonist activity in plasma and displayed lower CYP1A1 up-regulation and AhR expression upon agonist activation. Similarly, CCC patients had decreased AhR agonistic activity in plasma compared to HD patients and exhibited dysregulation in Trp metabolic pathways, resulting in altered plasma metabolite profiles. Notably, patients with severe CCC specifically showed increased N-acetylserotonin levels in their plasma. The methods and findings presented here contribute to a better understanding of CCC development mechanisms and may identify potential specific biomarkers for T. cruzi infection and the severity of associated heart disease. These insights could be valuable in designing new therapeutic strategies. Ultimately, this research aims to establish the AhR agonistic activity and Trp metabolic profile in plasma as an innovative, non-invasive predictor of prognosis for chronic Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fernanda Ambrosio
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ximena Volpini
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juan Nahuel Quiroz
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Belén Brugo
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carolina Paola Knubel
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Melisa Rocío Herrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Fozzatti
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Julián Avila Pacheco
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Clary B. Clish
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Maisa C. Takenaka
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Juan Beloscar
- Servicio de Cardiología, Departamento de Chagas, Hospital Provincial del Centenario y Cátedra de Cardiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Martín Gustavo Theumer
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Francisco Javier Quintana
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ana Rosa Perez
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Rosario (IDICER-CONICET-UNR), Rosario, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación y Producción de Reactivos Biológicos (CIPReB), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Claudia Cristina Motrán
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
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Cheng YC, Ma WC, Li YH, Wu J, Liang KW, Lee WJ, Liu HC, Sheu WHH, Lee IT. Plasma aryl hydrocarbon receptor associated with epicardial adipose tissue in men: a cross-sectional study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:188. [PMID: 37749614 PMCID: PMC10519097 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01166-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a type of ectopic fat with endocrine and paracrine functions. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that responds to environmental stimuli. AhR expression is associated with obesity. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to determine the relationship between circulating AhR concentrations and EAT. METHODS A total of 30 men with obesity and 23 age-matched men as healthy controls were enrolled. Plasma AhR concentrations were determined at fasting. The EAT thickness was measured on the free wall of the right ventricle from the basal short-axis plane by magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS The participants with obesity had a higher plasma AhR level than the controls (81.0 ± 24.5 vs. 65.1 ± 16.4 pg/mL, P = 0.010). The plasma AhR level was positively correlated with EAT thickness (correlation coefficient = 0.380, P = 0.005). After adjusting for fasting glucose levels, plasma AhR levels were still significantly associated with EAT thickness (95% CI 0.458‒5.357, P = 0.021) but not with body mass index (P = 0.168). CONCLUSION Plasma AhR concentrations were positively correlated with EAT thickness on the free wall of the right ventricle in men. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the causal effects and underlying mechanisms between AhR and EAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Cheng
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No. 1650 Taiwan Boulevard, Sect. 4, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Ma
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Feng Yuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, 42055, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No. 1650 Taiwan Boulevard, Sect. 4, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
- Department of Computer Science & Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Junyi Wu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No. 1650 Taiwan Boulevard, Sect. 4, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan
| | - Kae-Woei Liang
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, School of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402204, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jane Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chen Liu
- Department of Nursing, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan
| | | | - I-Te Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No. 1650 Taiwan Boulevard, Sect. 4, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan.
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Nori P, Haghshenas R, Aftabi Y, Akbari H. Comparison of moderate-intensity continuous training and high-intensity interval training effects on the Ido1-KYN-Ahr axis in the heart tissue of rats with occlusion of the left anterior descending artery. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3721. [PMID: 36879035 PMCID: PMC9988842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30847-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) affects many molecular pathways in heart cells, including the Ido1-KYN-Ahr axis. This pathway has recently been introduced as a valuable therapeutic target in infarction. We examined the effects of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the axis in the heart tissue of male Wistar rats with occluded left anterior descending (OLAD). Thirty rats (age 10-12 weeks, mean weight 275 ± 25 g) were divided into five groups with 6 animals: Control (Ct) group, MICT group, rats with OLAD as MI group, rats with OLAD treated with MICT (MIMCT group) and rats with OLAD treated with HIIT (MIHIIT group). Rats performed the training protocols for 8 weeks, 5 days a week. HIIT included 7 sets of 4 min running with an intensity of 85-90% VO2max and 3 min of recovery activation between sets. MICT included continuous running at the same distance as HIIT with an intensity of 50-60% VO2max for 50 min. The expressions of Ahr, Cyp1a1, and Ido1 were assayed by real-time PCR. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Kynurenine levels, and AHR, CYP1A1, and IDO1 proteins were detected using ELISA. Data were analyzed using the ANOVA and MANOVA tests. Compared to the CT group, MI caused an increase in all studied factors, but only statistically significant (P < 0.05) for MDA and IDO1. With a greater effect of HIIT, both protocols significantly lowered the proteins expressions in the MIHIIT and MIMCT groups, compared with the MI group (P < 0.001). In healthy rats, only AHR protein significantly decreased in the MICT group compared to the Ct group (P < 0.05). HIIT and MICT protocols significantly reduced the gene and protein expression of Cyp1a1 (P < 0.05) and Ido1 (P < 0.01), and HIIT had a greater effect. In conclusion, both protocols were effective at reducing the levels of Ido1-Kyn-Ahr axis components and oxidative stress in the infarcted heart tissue and HIIT had a higher significant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Nori
- Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Rouhollah Haghshenas
- Associate Professor of Exercise Physiology, Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Younes Aftabi
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Akbari
- Assistant Professor of Exercise Physiology, Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
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Brinkmann V, Romeo M, Larigot L, Hemmers A, Tschage L, Kleinjohann J, Schiavi A, Steinwachs S, Esser C, Menzel R, Giani Tagliabue S, Bonati L, Cox F, Ale-Agha N, Jakobs P, Altschmied J, Haendeler J, Coumoul X, Ventura N. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Dependent and -Independent Pathways Mediate Curcumin Anti-Aging Effects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:613. [PMID: 35453298 PMCID: PMC9024831 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor whose activity can be modulated by polyphenols, such as curcumin. AhR and curcumin have evolutionarily conserved effects on aging. Here, we investigated whether and how the AhR mediates the anti-aging effects of curcumin across species. Using a combination of in vivo, in vitro, and in silico analyses, we demonstrated that curcumin has AhR-dependent or -independent effects in a context-specific manner. We found that in Caenorhabditis elegans, AhR mediates curcumin-induced lifespan extension, most likely through a ligand-independent inhibitory mechanism related to its antioxidant activity. Curcumin also showed AhR-independent anti-aging activities, such as protection against aggregation-prone proteins and oxidative stress in C. elegans and promotion of the migratory capacity of human primary endothelial cells. These AhR-independent effects are largely mediated by the Nrf2/SKN-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Brinkmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (V.B.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (N.A.-A.); (P.J.); (J.A.); (J.H.)
- IUF—Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf’m Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (A.H.); (L.T.); (J.K.); (S.S.); (C.E.)
| | - Margherita Romeo
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (V.B.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (N.A.-A.); (P.J.); (J.A.); (J.H.)
- IUF—Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf’m Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (A.H.); (L.T.); (J.K.); (S.S.); (C.E.)
| | - Lucie Larigot
- Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Université de Paris, 45 Rue des Saints-Pères, F-75006 Paris, France; (L.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Anne Hemmers
- IUF—Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf’m Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (A.H.); (L.T.); (J.K.); (S.S.); (C.E.)
| | - Lisa Tschage
- IUF—Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf’m Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (A.H.); (L.T.); (J.K.); (S.S.); (C.E.)
| | - Jennifer Kleinjohann
- IUF—Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf’m Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (A.H.); (L.T.); (J.K.); (S.S.); (C.E.)
| | - Alfonso Schiavi
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (V.B.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (N.A.-A.); (P.J.); (J.A.); (J.H.)
- IUF—Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf’m Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (A.H.); (L.T.); (J.K.); (S.S.); (C.E.)
| | - Swantje Steinwachs
- IUF—Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf’m Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (A.H.); (L.T.); (J.K.); (S.S.); (C.E.)
| | - Charlotte Esser
- IUF—Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf’m Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (A.H.); (L.T.); (J.K.); (S.S.); (C.E.)
| | - Ralph Menzel
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt-University Berlin, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Sara Giani Tagliabue
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; (S.G.T.); (L.B.)
| | - Laura Bonati
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; (S.G.T.); (L.B.)
| | - Fiona Cox
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (V.B.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (N.A.-A.); (P.J.); (J.A.); (J.H.)
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Niloofar Ale-Agha
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (V.B.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (N.A.-A.); (P.J.); (J.A.); (J.H.)
| | - Philipp Jakobs
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (V.B.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (N.A.-A.); (P.J.); (J.A.); (J.H.)
| | - Joachim Altschmied
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (V.B.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (N.A.-A.); (P.J.); (J.A.); (J.H.)
- IUF—Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf’m Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (A.H.); (L.T.); (J.K.); (S.S.); (C.E.)
| | - Judith Haendeler
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (V.B.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (N.A.-A.); (P.J.); (J.A.); (J.H.)
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Université de Paris, 45 Rue des Saints-Pères, F-75006 Paris, France; (L.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Natascia Ventura
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (V.B.); (M.R.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (N.A.-A.); (P.J.); (J.A.); (J.H.)
- IUF—Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf’m Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (A.H.); (L.T.); (J.K.); (S.S.); (C.E.)
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Salminen A. Role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and kynurenine pathway in the regulation of the aging process. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 75:101573. [PMID: 35085834 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is activated in chronic inflammatory states, e.g., in the aging process and age-related diseases. IDO1 enzyme catabolizes L-tryptophan (L-Trp) into kynurenine (KYN) thus stimulating the KYN pathway. The depletion of L-Trp inhibits the proliferation of immune cells in inflamed tissues and it also reduces serotonin synthesis predisposing to psychiatric disorders. Interestingly, IDO1 protein contains two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIM) which trigger suppressive signaling through the binding of PI3K p110 and SHP-1 proteins. This immunosuppressive activity is not dependent on the catalytic activity of IDO1. KYN and its metabolite, kynurenic acid (KYNA), are potent activators of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) which can enhance immunosuppression. IDO1-KYN-AhR signaling counteracts excessive pro-inflammatory responses in acute inflammation but in chronic inflammatory states it has many harmful effects. A chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with the aging process, a state called inflammaging. There is substantial evidence that the activation of the IDO1-KYN-AhR pathway robustly increases with the aging process. The activation of IDO1-KYN-AhR signaling does not only suppress the functions of effector immune cells, probably promoting immunosenescence, but it also impairs autophagy, induces cellular senescence, and remodels the extracellular matrix as well as enhancing the development of osteoporosis and vascular diseases. I will review the function of IDO1-KYN-AhR signaling and discuss its activation with aging as an enhancer of the aging process.
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Edamitsu T, Taguchi K, Okuyama R, Yamamoto M. AHR and NRF2 in Skin Homeostasis and Atopic Dermatitis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020227. [PMID: 35204110 PMCID: PMC8868544 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin is constantly exposed to environmental insults, including toxic chemicals and oxidative stress. These insults often provoke perturbation of epidermal homeostasis and lead to characteristic skin diseases. AHR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor) and NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) are transcription factors that induce a battery of cytoprotective genes encoding detoxication and antioxidant enzymes in response to environmental insults. In addition to their basic functions as key regulators of xenobiotic and oxidant detoxification, recent investigations revealed that AHR and NRF2 also play critical roles in the maintenance of skin homeostasis. In fact, specific disruption of AHR function in the skin has been found to be associated with the pathogenesis of various skin diseases, most prevalently atopic dermatitis (AD). In this review, current knowledge on the roles that AHR and NRF2 play in epidermal homeostasis was summarized. Functional annotations of genetic variants, both regulatory and nonsynonymous SNPs, identified in the AHR and NRF2 loci in the human genome were also summarized. Finally, the possibility that AHR and NRF2 serve as therapeutic targets of AD was assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Edamitsu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (T.E.); (K.T.)
- Department of Dermatology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan;
| | - Keiko Taguchi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (T.E.); (K.T.)
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (INGEM), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Okuyama
- Department of Dermatology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan;
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (T.E.); (K.T.)
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (INGEM), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-22-717-8084
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da Silva JF, Bolsoni JA, da Costa RM, Alves JV, Bressan AFM, Silva LEV, Costa TJ, Oliveira AER, Manzato CP, Aguiar CA, Fazan R, Cunha FQ, Nakaya HI, Carneiro FS, Tostes RC. Aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation contributes to high-fat diet-induced vascular dysfunction. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:2938-2952. [PMID: 34978070 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Metabolic and vascular dysfunction are common features of obesity. Aryl hydrocarbons receptors (AhR) regulate lipid metabolism and vascular homeostasis, but whether vascular AhR are activated in obesity or if AhR have protective or harmful effects on vascular function in obesity are not known. Thus, our study addressed whether AhR activation contributes to obesity-associated vascular dysfunction and the mechanisms involved in the AhR effects. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male AhRKO (AhR knockout) and WT (wild type) mice were fed either a control or a HF (high-fat) diet for ten weeks. Metabolic and inflammatory parameters were measured in serum and adipose tissue. Vascular reactivity (isometric force) was evaluated using a myography. eNOS and AhR protein expression was determined by Western blot; Cyp1A1 and eNOS gene expression by RT-PCR. Nitric oxide (NO) production was quantified by DAF fluorescence. KEY RESULTS HF diet increased serum total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol, as well as vascular AhR protein expression and proinflammatory cytokines in the adipose tissue. HF diet decreased endothelium-dependent vasodilation. AhR deletion protected mice from HF diet-induced dyslipidemia, weight gain, and inflammatory processes. HF diet-induced endothelial dysfunction was attenuated in AhRKO mice. Vessels from AhRKO mice exhibited a greater NO reserve. In cultured endothelial cells, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC, a major component of LDL and oxLDL) reduced eNOS gene expression and NO production. Antagonism of AhR abrogated LPC effects on endothelial cells and LPC-induced decreased endothelium-dependent vasodilation. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS AhR deletion attenuates HF diet-induced dyslipidemia and vascular dysfunction by improving eNOS/NO signalling. Targeting AhR may prevent obesity-associated vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Fernandes da Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Juliana A Bolsoni
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Rafael M da Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.,Academic Unit on Health Sciences, Jataí Federal University, Jataí, Brazil
| | - Juliano V Alves
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Alecsander F M Bressan
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo V Silva
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio E R Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.,Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla P Manzato
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Aguiar
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Rubens Fazan
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Helder I Nakaya
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Israelita Albert Einstein Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando S Carneiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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9
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TrpNet: Understanding Tryptophan Metabolism across Gut Microbiome. Metabolites 2021; 12:metabo12010010. [PMID: 35050132 PMCID: PMC8777792 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Crosstalk between the gut microbiome and the host plays an important role in animal development and health. Small compounds are key mediators in this host–gut microbiome dialogue. For instance, tryptophan metabolites, generated by biotransformation of tryptophan through complex host–microbiome co-metabolism can trigger immune, metabolic, and neuronal effects at local and distant sites. However, the origin of tryptophan metabolites and the underlying tryptophan metabolic pathway(s) are not well characterized in the current literature. A large number of the microbial contributors of tryptophan metabolism remain unknown, and there is a growing interest in predicting tryptophan metabolites for a given microbiome. Here, we introduce TrpNet, a comprehensive database and analytics platform dedicated to tryptophan metabolism within the context of host (human and mouse) and gut microbiome interactions. TrpNet contains data on tryptophan metabolism involving 130 reactions, 108 metabolites and 91 enzymes across 1246 human gut bacterial species and 88 mouse gut bacterial species. Users can browse, search, and highlight the tryptophan metabolic pathway, as well as predict tryptophan metabolites on the basis of a given taxonomy profile using a Bayesian logistic regression model. We validated our approach using two gut microbiome metabolomics studies and demonstrated that TrpNet was able to better predict alterations in in indole derivatives compared to other established methods.
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10
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Saghaeian Jazi M, Mohammadi S, Zare Ebrahimabad M, Sedighi S, Abdolahi N, Tabarraei A, Yazdani Y. Genetic variation in CYP1A1 and AHRR genes increase the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus and exacerbate disease severity in smoker patients. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22916. [PMID: 34580959 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variations of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway genes could influence the imbalanced immune response to xenobiotics. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the polymorphism of AHR pathway genes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients in association with smoking. METHODS Genomic DNA from patients (N = 107) and controls (N = 105) of a population from northeast of Iran was used for genotyping of CYP1A1 T>C (rs4646903) and AHRR C>G (rs2292596) variants. The SLEDAI score and smoking status of the patients were registered. The AHR activity was estimated by CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). RESULTS The C allele in rs4646903 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.67) and G allele in rs2292596 (OR = 1.79) SNPs were significantly associated with the increased risk of SLE. The AHR pathway was more active in high-risk CYP1A1/AHRR: C/G haplotype. The most severe disease was observed in smoker patients with high-risk haplotype and both smoking (Exp (β) = 9.5) and high-risk CYP1A1/AHRR (C/G) haplotype (Exp (β) = 3.7) can significantly increase the likelihood of having severe (SLEDAI ≥ 20) SLE disease activity. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated the association of xenobiotic-metabolizing genes (CYP1A1, AHRR) polymorphisms with the susceptibility to SLE and disease severity regarding the smoking background, suggesting the interaction of gene and environmental risk factors in SLE pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Saghaeian Jazi
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Saeed Mohammadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Zare Ebrahimabad
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Sima Sedighi
- Golestan Rheumatology Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Abdolahi
- Golestan Rheumatology Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Alijan Tabarraei
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Yazdani
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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11
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Zahedi T, Colagar AH, Mahmoodzadeh H, Raoof JB. Missense mutations involvement in COX-2 structure, and protein-substrate binding affinity: in-silico study. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 40:1125-1143. [PMID: 34632961 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2021.1983826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an inducible inflammatory enzyme, which produces prostanoids from arachidonic acid. COX-2 overexpression and over-activity can cause inflammation, tumorigenesis, and angiogenesis. Prostanoids are the main reason for the inflammation, and increase of mitogenesis by COX-2. So, any change such as mutations that can lead to COX-2 over-activity could ignite the tumor situations with increase of prostanoids production is one of its ways. The aim of this study was to check the effect of 166 missense mutations of COX-2 on protein features that can affect the COX-2 activity such as protein stability, fluctuation, 2D structure, and its binding affinity with the substrate by in silico methods, network modeling, and docking calculations, by which 44 of them shown to be deleterious. Among them, the S124I and S474F mutations can increase the stability of the protein. 11.36% of deleterious nsSNPs were part of the substrate-binding region among which the M508T, H337R, and V511G have the potential to affect the protein by 2D structure alteration. V511G can improve binding affinity and H337R showed a small decrease in the deformation overall energy that can represent a decrease in the stability of COX-2. Also, L517S showed a significant decrease in the binding power of COX-2/substrate but based on the anisotropic network modeling this mutation has a dual effect on COX-2 stability. These nsSNPs/mutations have the potential causing an increase or decrease of tumorigenesis because increasing of COX-2 stability and its binding affinity can lead to altering its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Zahedi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Abasalt Hosseinzadeh Colagar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Habibollah Mahmoodzadeh
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jahan-Bakhsh Raoof
- Department Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran
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12
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Han H, Safe S, Jayaraman A, Chapkin RS. Diet-Host-Microbiota Interactions Shape Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligand Production to Modulate Intestinal Homeostasis. Annu Rev Nutr 2021; 41:455-478. [PMID: 34633858 PMCID: PMC8667662 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-043020-090050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factor that binds structurally diverse ligands and senses cues from environmental toxicants and physiologically relevant dietary/microbiota-derived ligands. The AhR is an ancient conserved protein and is widely expressed across different tissues in vertebrates and invertebrates. AhR signaling mediates a wide range of cellular functions in a ligand-, cell type-, species-, and context-specific manner. Dysregulation of AhR signaling is linked to many developmental defects and chronic diseases. In this review, we discuss the emerging role of AhR signaling in mediating bidirectional host-microbiome interactions. We also consider evidence showing the potential for the dietary/microbial enhancement ofhealth-promoting AhR ligands to improve clinical pathway management in the context of inflammatory bowel diseases and colon tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Han
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases and Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases and Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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13
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Andac-Ozturk S, Koc G, Soyocak A. Association of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) serum level and gene rs10247158 polymorphism with anthropometric, biochemical parameters and food consumption in overweight/obese patients. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14436. [PMID: 34091989 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays a role in xenobiotic metabolism, which can be also activated by dietary patterns and components. AhR ligands in circulation are reported to induce weight gain, glucose intolerance and suggested to contribute to the development of obesity. In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship of the AhR gene and its polymorphisms with obesity and food consumption. METHODS The study was conducted with 117 individuals of whom 52 had a body mass index (BMI) of <25 (normal weight) and 65 had a BMI of ≥25 (overweight/obese). The distribution of the serum level and polymorphism (rs10247158) of the participants were determined in venous blood samples using the ELISA and PCR method. Body composition and skinfold thickness of the individuals were measured and their food consumption records were analysed in the BeBiS program. RESULTS The serum AhR, HOMA-IR, fasting blood glucose and basal insulin levels were found to be significantly higher (P < .001); however, no relationship was found between AhR polymorphisms in the overweight/obese individuals. In the overweight/obese group, the serum AhR level had a negative correlation with potassium, coffee and alcohol consumption and a positive correlation with suprailiac skinfold thickness. Dietary patterns expected to be related with increased serum AhR levels, such as fat and derivatives, were not observed in overweight/obese group; on the other hand, there was a negative correlation in normal group. CONCLUSION In our study, the serum AhR levels of the overweight/obese individuals were found to be significantly higher. Some dietary patterns were determined to be correlated with serum AhR levels in overweight/obese group. However, the results need to be confirmed for ethnic differences and larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serap Andac-Ozturk
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetic, Health Science Faculty, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulsah Koc
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahu Soyocak
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
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14
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Torti MF, Giovannoni F, Quintana FJ, García CC. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor as a Modulator of Anti-viral Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:624293. [PMID: 33746961 PMCID: PMC7973006 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.624293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor, which interacts with a wide range of organic molecules of endogenous and exogenous origin, including environmental pollutants, tryptophan metabolites, and microbial metabolites. The activation of AHR by these agonists drives its translocation into the nucleus where it controls the expression of a large number of target genes that include the AHR repressor (AHRR), detoxifying monooxygenases (CYP1A1 and CYP1B1), and cytokines. Recent advances reveal that AHR signaling modulates aspects of the intrinsic, innate and adaptive immune response to diverse microorganisms. This review will focus on the increasing evidence supporting a role for AHR as a modulator of the host response to viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Florencia Torti
- Laboratory of Antiviral Strategies, Biochemistry Department, School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Giovannoni
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Francisco Javier Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cybele Carina García
- Laboratory of Antiviral Strategies, Biochemistry Department, School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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15
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Han H, Jayaraman A, Safe S, Chapkin RS. Targeting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in stem cells to improve the use of food as medicine. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2021; 6:109-118. [PMID: 34395177 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-020-00184-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of review Intestinal stem cells, the most rapidly proliferating adult stem cells, are exquisitely sensitive to extrinsic dietary factors. Uncontrolled regulation of intestinal stem cells is closely linked to colon tumorigenesis. This review focuses on how dietary and microbial derived cues regulate intestinal stem cell functionality and colon tumorigenesis in mouse models by targeting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Recent findings AhR, a ligand activated transcription factor, can integrate environmental, dietary and microbial cues to modulate intestinal stem cell proliferation, differentiation and their microenvironment, affecting colon cancer risk. Modulation of AhR activity is associated with many chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases where AhR expression is protective. Summary AhR signaling controls the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells, influences local niche factors, and plays a protective role in colon tumorigenesis. Mounting evidence suggests that extrinsic nutritional/dietary cues which modulate AhR signaling may be a promising approach to colon cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Han
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
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16
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Wang F, Liang S, Hu J, Xu Y. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor connects dysregulated immune cells to atherosclerosis. Immunol Lett 2020; 228:55-63. [PMID: 33053378 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
As a chronic inflammatory disease with autoimmune components, atherosclerosis is the major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have revealed that the development of atherosclerosis is strongly linked to the functional activities of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a chemical sensor that is also important for the development, maintenance, and function of a variety of immune cells. In this review, we focus on the impact of AHR signaling on the different cell types that are closely related to the atherogenesis, including T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, foam cells, and hematopoietic stem cells in the arterial walls, and summarize the latest development on the interplay between this environmental sensor and immune cells in the context of atherosclerosis. Hopefully, elucidation of the role of AHR in atherosclerosis will facilitate the understanding of case variation in disease prevalence and may aid in the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengge Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Shuangchao Liang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Jiqiong Hu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Yuekang Xu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China.
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17
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Kim JW, Im I, Kim H, Jeon JS, Kang EH, Jo S, Chun HS, Yoon S, Kim JH, Kim SK, Park HJ. Live-cell screening platform using human-induced pluripotent stem cells expressing fluorescence-tagged cytochrome P450 1A1. FASEB J 2020; 34:9141-9155. [PMID: 32421247 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903110r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are invaluable sources for drug screening and toxicity tests because of their differentiation potential and proliferative capacity. Recently, the CRISPR-Cas9-mediated homologous recombination system has enabled reporter knock-ins at desired loci in hiPSCs, and here, we generated a hiPSC reporter line expressing mCherry-tagged cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), which can be utilized to screen for the modulators of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in live cells. CYP1A1-mCherry hiPSCs exhibited typical characteristics of pluripotent stem cells such as marker expression, differentiation potential, and normal karyotype. After differentiation into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs), CYP1A1-mCherry fusion protein was expressed and localized at the endoplasmic reticulum, and induced by AHR agonists. We obtained 23 hits modulating CYP1A1 expression from high-content screening with 241 hepatotoxicity chemicals and nuclear receptor ligands, and identified three upregulating chemicals and two downregulating compounds. Responses of hiPSC-HLCs against an AHR agonist were more similar to human primary hepatocytes than of HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. This platform has the advantages of live-cell screening without sacrificing cells (unlike previously available CYP1A1 reporter cell lines), as well as an indefinite supply of cells, and can be utilized in a wide range of screening related to AHR- and CYP1A1-associated diseases in desired cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Woo Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilkyun Im
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Su Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Kang
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Human and Environmental Toxicology, School of Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongyea Jo
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hang-Suk Chun
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokjoo Yoon
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Human and Environmental Toxicology, School of Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyum Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Jin Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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18
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Kappel BA, De Angelis L, Heiser M, Ballanti M, Stoehr R, Goettsch C, Mavilio M, Artati A, Paoluzi OA, Adamski J, Mingrone G, Staels B, Burcelin R, Monteleone G, Menghini R, Marx N, Federici M. Cross-omics analysis revealed gut microbiome-related metabolic pathways underlying atherosclerosis development after antibiotics treatment. Mol Metab 2020; 36:100976. [PMID: 32251665 PMCID: PMC7183232 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.100976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The metabolic influence of gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases. Antibiotics affect intestinal bacterial diversity, and long-term usage has been identified as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis-driven events. The aim of this study was to explore the interaction between gut dysbiosis by antibiotics and metabolic pathways with the impact on atherosclerosis development. Methods We combined oral antibiotics with different diets in an Apolipoprotein E-knockout mouse model linking gut microbiota to atherosclerotic lesion development via an integrative cross-omics approach including serum metabolomics and cecal 16S rRNA targeted metagenomic sequencing. We further investigated patients with carotid atherosclerosis compared to control subjects with comparable cardiovascular risk. Results Here, we show that increased atherosclerosis by antibiotics was connected to a loss of intestinal diversity and alterations of microbial metabolic functional capacity with a major impact on the host serum metabolome. Pathways that were modulated by antibiotics and connected to atherosclerosis included diminished tryptophan and disturbed lipid metabolism. These pathways were related to the reduction of certain members of Bacteroidetes and Clostridia by antibiotics in the gut. Patients with atherosclerosis presented a similar metabolic signature as those induced by antibiotics in our mouse model. Conclusion Taken together, this work provides insights into the complex interaction between intestinal microbiota and host metabolism. Our data highlight that detrimental effects of antibiotics on the gut flora are connected to a pro-atherogenic metabolic phenotype beyond classical risk factors. Antibiotics exacerbate atherosclerosis independently of diet. Gut microbiota and metabolic alpha diversity are reduced by antibiotics. Pathways connected to atherogenesis are tryptophan and lipid metabolism. Metabolic changes are linked to reduced Clostridia and Bacteroidetes in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Arpad Kappel
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lorenzo De Angelis
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael Heiser
- Metabolomic discoveries GmbH, Potsdam, Germany; Metabolon Inc., Morrisville, NC, USA
| | - Marta Ballanti
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Center for Atherosclerosis, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert Stoehr
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Claudia Goettsch
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maria Mavilio
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Artati
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Jerzy Adamski
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Geltrude Mingrone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Hodgkin Building, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bart Staels
- Université Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Remy Burcelin
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048, Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Giovanni Monteleone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Gastroenterology Unit, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Menghini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Nikolaus Marx
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Center for Atherosclerosis, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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19
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Brinkmann V, Ale-Agha N, Haendeler J, Ventura N. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) in the Aging Process: Another Puzzling Role for This Highly Conserved Transcription Factor. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1561. [PMID: 32009975 PMCID: PMC6971224 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the most important risk factor for the development of major life-threatening diseases such as cardiovascular disorders, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. The aging process is characterized by the accumulation of damage to intracellular macromolecules and it is concurrently shaped by genetic, environmental and nutritional factors. These factors influence the functionality of mitochondria, which play a central role in the aging process. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of aging and is associated with increased fluxes of ROS leading to damage of mitochondrial components, impaired metabolism of fatty acids, dysregulated glucose metabolism, and damage of adjacent organelles. Interestingly, many of the environmental (e.g., pollutants and other toxicants) and nutritional (e.g., flavonoids, carotenoids) factors influencing aging and mitochondrial function also directly or indirectly affect the activity of a highly conserved transcription factor, the Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR). Therefore, it is not surprising that many studies have already indicated a role of this versatile transcription factor in the aging process. We also recently found that the AhR promotes aging phenotypes across species. In this manuscript, we systematically review the existing literature on the contradictory studies indicating either pro- or anti-aging effects of the AhR and try to reconcile the seemingly conflicting data considering a possible dependency on the animal model, tissue, as well as level of AhR expression and activation. Moreover, given the crucial role of mitochondria in the aging process, we summarize the growing body of evidence pointing toward the influence of AhR on mitochondria, which can be of potential relevance for aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Brinkmann
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Niloofar Ale-Agha
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Judith Haendeler
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Natascia Ventura
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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20
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Zhu K, Meng Q, Zhang Z, Yi T, He Y, Zheng J, Lei W. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway: Role, regulation and intervention in atherosclerosis therapy (Review). Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4763-4773. [PMID: 31638212 PMCID: PMC6854528 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand‑activated transcription factor originally isolated and characterized as the dioxin or xenobiotic receptor. With the discovery of endogenous ligands and studies of AhR knockout mice, AhR has been found to serve an important role in several biological processes, including immune responses and developmental and pathological regulation. In particular, it has been considered as a new major player in cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have revealed that the development of atherosclerosis is closely associated with AhR function. However, the roles of the AhR in the pathological development of atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis‑associated diseases remain unclear. The current review presents the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of AhR expression during inflammation, oxidative stress and lipid deposition. Additionally, the role of the AhR in atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis‑associated diseases is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixi Zhu
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Qingqi Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Vascular, Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yi
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Yuan He
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Wei Lei
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
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21
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Holme JA, Brinchmann BC, Refsnes M, Låg M, Øvrevik J. Potential role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as mediators of cardiovascular effects from combustion particles. Environ Health 2019; 18:74. [PMID: 31439044 PMCID: PMC6704565 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0514-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is the most important environmental risk factor for disease and premature death, and exposure to combustion particles from vehicles is a major contributor. Human epidemiological studies combined with experimental studies strongly suggest that exposure to combustion particles may enhance the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including atherosclerosis, hypertension, thrombosis and myocardial infarction.In this review we hypothesize that adhered organic chemicals like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), contribute to development or exacerbation of CVD from combustion particles exposure. We summarize present knowledge from existing human epidemiological and clinical studies as well as experimental studies in animals and relevant in vitro studies. The available evidence suggests that organic compounds attached to these particles are significant triggers of CVD. Furthermore, their effects seem to be mediated at least in part by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). The mechanisms include AhR-induced changes in gene expression as well as formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or reactive electrophilic metabolites. This is in accordance with a role of PAHs, as they seem to be the major chemical group on combustion particles, which bind AhR and/or is metabolically activated by CYP-enzymes. In some experimental models however, it seems as PAHs may induce an inflammatory atherosclerotic plaque phenotype irrespective of DNA- and/or AhR-ligand binding properties. Thus, various components and several signalling mechanisms/pathways are likely involved in CVD induced by combustion particles.We still need to expand our knowledge about the role of PAHs in CVD and in particular the relative importance of the different PAH species. This warrants further studies as enhanced knowledge on this issue may amend risk assessment of CVD caused by combustion particles and selection of efficient measures to reduce the health effects of particular matters (PM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørn A Holme
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bendik C Brinchmann
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magne Refsnes
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Låg
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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22
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Marín de Evsikova C, Raplee ID, Lockhart J, Jaimes G, Evsikov AV. The Transcriptomic Toolbox: Resources for Interpreting Large Gene Expression Data within a Precision Medicine Context for Metabolic Disease Atherosclerosis. J Pers Med 2019; 9:E21. [PMID: 31032818 PMCID: PMC6617151 DOI: 10.3390/jpm9020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the most widespread metabolic diseases, atherosclerosis affects nearly everyone as they age; arteries gradually narrow from plaque accumulation over time reducing oxygenated blood flow to central and periphery causing heart disease, stroke, kidney problems, and even pulmonary disease. Personalized medicine promises to bring treatments based on individual genome sequencing that precisely target the molecular pathways underlying atherosclerosis and its symptoms, but to date only a few genotypes have been identified. A promising alternative to this genetic approach is the identification of pathways altered in atherosclerosis by transcriptome analysis of atherosclerotic tissues to target specific aspects of disease. Transcriptomics is a potentially useful tool for both diagnostics and discovery science, exposing novel cellular and molecular mechanisms in clinical and translational models, and depending on experimental design to identify and test novel therapeutics. The cost and time required for transcriptome analysis has been greatly reduced by the development of next generation sequencing. The goal of this resource article is to provide background and a guide to appropriate technologies and downstream analyses in transcriptomics experiments generating ever-increasing amounts of gene expression data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caralina Marín de Evsikova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
- Epigenetics & Functional Genomics Laboratories, Department of Research and Development, Bay Pines Veteran Administration Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL 33744, USA.
| | - Isaac D Raplee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - John Lockhart
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Gilberto Jaimes
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Alexei V Evsikov
- Epigenetics & Functional Genomics Laboratories, Department of Research and Development, Bay Pines Veteran Administration Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL 33744, USA.
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23
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Wang SR, Chen X, Ling S, Ni RZ, Guo H, Xu JW. MicroRNA expression, targeting, release dynamics and early-warning biomarkers in acute cardiotoxicity induced by triptolide in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:1467-1477. [PMID: 30841462 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F. is a plant used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, and psoriasis in China. However, its main active substance, triptolide, has toxic effects on the heart, liver, and kidneys, which limit its clinical application. Therefore, determining the mechanism of cardiotoxicity in triptolide and identifying effective early-warning biomarkers is beneficial for preventing irreversible myocardial injury. We observed changes in microRNAs and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) as potential biomarkers in triptolide-induced acute cardiotoxicity by using techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The results revealed that triptolide increased the heart/body ratio and caused myocardial fiber breakage, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, increased cell gaps, and nuclear dissolution in treated male rats. Real-time PCR array detection revealed a more than 2-fold increase in the expression of 108 microRNA genes in the hearts of the male rats; this not only regulated the signaling pathways of ErbB, FOXO, AMPK, Hippo, HIF-1α, mTOR, and PI3K-Akt but also participated in biological processes such as cell adhesion, cell cycling, action potential, locomotory behavior, apoptosis, and DNA binding. Moreover, triptolide reduced the circulatory and cardiac levels of AhR protein as a target of these microRNAs and the messenger RNA expression of its downstream gene CYP1 A1. However, decreases in myocardial lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase MB, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activity and an increase in circulating cardiac troponin I were observed only in male rats. Moreover, plasma microRNAs exhibited dynamic change. These results revealed that circulating microRNAs and AhR protein are potentially early-warning biomarkers for triptolide-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Rong Wang
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaomiao Chen
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuang Ling
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rong-Zhen Ni
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huining Guo
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jin-Wen Xu
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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24
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Bock KW. Human AHR functions in vascular tissue: Pro- and anti-inflammatory responses of AHR agonists in atherosclerosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 159:116-120. [PMID: 30508524 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of intense research physiologic aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) functions have not been elucidated. Challenges include marked species differences and dependence on cell type and cellular context. A previous commentary on human AHR functions in skin and intestine has been extended to vascular tissue. Similar functions appear to be operating in vascular tissue including microbial defense, modulation of stem/progenitor cells as well as control of immunity and inflammation. However, AHR functions are Janus faced: Detrimental AHR functions in vascular tissue are well documented, e.g., upon exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cigarette smoke leading to oxidative stress and generation of oxidized LDL. Modified LDL particles accumulate in macrophages and smooth muscle-derived pro-inflammatory foam cells, the hallmark of atherosclerosis. On the other hand, numerous anti-inflammatory AHR agonists have been identified including bilirubin and quercetin. Mechanisms as to how AHR produces pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in the vascular system need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Walter Bock
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wilhelmstrasse 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany.
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25
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Wang JS, Lee WJ, Lee IT, Lin SY, Lee WL, Liang KW, Lin SJ, Sheu WHH. Negative association between serum aryl hydrocarbon receptor concentrations and β-cell function in patients with no history of diabetes undergoing coronary angiography. J Diabetes 2018; 10:958-964. [PMID: 29802768 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between serum aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) levels and insulin resistance and β-cell function in patients undergoing coronary angiography with no history of diabetes. METHODS Patients with no history of diabetes who had undergone coronary angiography underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 2-4 weeks after discharge from hospital; blood samples were collected for measurements of glucose, insulin, and AhR. Patients' glucose regulation status was determined on the basis of the OGTT. Insulin resistance was assessed using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). β-Cell function was assessed using the insulinogenic index (IGI). RESULTS The study included 473 patients (mean (±SD) age 61 ±12 years, 81.8% male, mean body mass index 26.1 ±3.6 kg/m2 ). Overall, mean serum AhR concentrations were 25.1 ±12.2 pg/mL. Patients with normal glucose tolerance had a lower serum AhR concentrations than patients with prediabetes or newly diagnosed diabetes (23.4 ±10.8 vs 26.2 ±13.2 and 26.9 ±12.3 pg/mL, respectively; P = 0.029). Linear regression analysis revealed that serum AhR concentrations were not associated with HOMA-IR, but were negatively associated with IGI after adjustment for several confounders, including HOMA-IR (β = -0.162; 95% confidence interval - 0.302, -0.022; P = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS In patients with no history of diabetes, serum AhR concentrations were negatively associated with β-cell function, independent of several confounders, including insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Sing Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jane Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Te Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lieng Lee
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kae-Woei Liang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jong Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Healthcare and Services Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Technology, College of Life Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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26
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Garcia GR, Shankar P, Dunham CL, Garcia A, La Du JK, Truong L, Tilton SC, Tanguay RL. Signaling Events Downstream of AHR Activation That Contribute to Toxic Responses: The Functional Role of an AHR-Dependent Long Noncoding RNA ( slincR) Using the Zebrafish Model. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2018; 126:117002. [PMID: 30398377 PMCID: PMC6371766 DOI: 10.1289/ehp3281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A structurally diverse group of chemicals, including dioxins [e.g., 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)] and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), can xenobiotically activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and contribute to adverse health effects in humans and wildlife. In the zebrafish model, repression of sox9b has a causal role in several AHR-mediated toxic responses, including craniofacial cartilage malformations; however, the mechanism of sox9b repression remains unknown. We previously identified a long noncoding RNA, sox9b long intergenic noncoding RNA (slincR), which is increased (in an AHR-dependent manner) by multiple AHR ligands and is required for the AHR-activated repression of sox9b. OBJECTIVE Using the zebrafish model, we aimed to enhance our understanding of the signaling events downstream of AHR activation that contribute to toxic responses by identifying: a) whether slincR is enriched on the sox9b locus, b) slincR's functional contributions to TCDD-induced toxicity, c) PAHs that increase slincR expression, and d) mammalian orthologs of slincR. METHODS We used capture hybridization analysis of RNA targets (CHART), qRT-PCR, RNA sequencing, morphometric analysis of cartilage structures, and hemorrhaging screens. RESULTS The slincR transcript was enriched at the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the sox9b locus. Transcriptome profiling and human ortholog analyses identified processes related to skeletal and cartilage development unique to TCDD-exposed controls, and angiogenesis and vasculature development unique to TCDD-exposed zebrafish that were injected with a splice-blocking morpholino targeting slincR. In comparison to TCDD exposed control morphants, slincR morphants exposed to TCDD resulted in abnormal cartilage structures and a smaller percentage of animals displaying the hemorrhaging phenotype. In addition, slincR expression was significantly increased in six out of the sixteen PAHs we screened. CONCLUSION Our study establishes that in zebrafish, slincR is recruited to the sox9b 5' UTR to repress transcription, can regulate cartilage development, has a causal role in the TCDD-induced hemorrhaging phenotype, and is up-regulated by multiple environmentally relevant PAHs. These findings have important implications for understanding the ligand-specific mechanisms of AHR-mediated toxicity. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3281.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria R Garcia
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Prarthana Shankar
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Cheryl L Dunham
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Abraham Garcia
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Jane K La Du
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Lisa Truong
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Susan C Tilton
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Robert L Tanguay
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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27
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Tan YQ, Chiu-Leung LC, Lin SM, Leung LK. The citrus flavonone hesperetin attenuates the nuclear translocation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 210:57-64. [PMID: 29763690 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and dioxins are carcinogens and their adverse effects have been largely attributed to the activation of AhR. Hesperetin is a flavonone found abundantly in citrus fruits and has been shown to be a biologically active agent. In the present study, the effect of hesperetin on the nuclear translocation of AhR and the downstream gene expression was investigated in MCF-7 cells. Confocal microscopy indicated that 7, 12-dimethylbenz[α]anthracene (DMBA) or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) -induced nuclear translocation of AhR was deterred by hesperetin treatment. The reduced nuclear translocation could also be observed in Western analysis. Reporter-gene assay further illustrated that the induced XRE transactivation was weakened by the treatment of hesperetin. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay demonstrated that the gene expressions of CYP1A1, 1A2, and 1B1 followed the same pattern of AhR translocation. These results suggested that hesperetin counteracted AhR transactivation and suppressed the downstream gene expression.
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MESH Headings
- 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene/antagonists & inhibitors
- 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene/toxicity
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus/drug effects
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/metabolism
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Carcinogens, Environmental/chemistry
- Carcinogens, Environmental/toxicity
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1/chemistry
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1/genetics
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1/metabolism
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2/chemistry
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2/genetics
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2/metabolism
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1/chemistry
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1/genetics
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1/metabolism
- Dietary Supplements
- Down-Regulation
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Genes, Reporter/drug effects
- Hesperidin/metabolism
- Humans
- MCF-7 Cells
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/chemistry
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qin Tan
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | | | - Shu-Mei Lin
- Department of Food Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Lai K Leung
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong.
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Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor: A New Player of Pathogenesis and Therapy in Cardiovascular Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6058784. [PMID: 29984241 PMCID: PMC6015699 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6058784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a DNA binding protein that acts as a nuclear receptor mediating xenobiotic metabolism and environmental responses. Owing to the evolutionary conservation of this gene and its widespread expression in the immune and circulatory systems, AhR has for many years been almost exclusively studied by the pharmacological/toxicological field for its role in contaminant toxicity. More recently, the functions of AhR in environmental adaption have been examined in the context of the occurrence, development, and therapy of cardiovascular diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that AhR is involved in maintaining homeostasis or in triggering pathogenesis by modulating the biological responses of critical cell types in the cardiovascular system. Here, we describe the structure, distribution, and ligands of AhR and the AhR signaling pathway and review the impact of AhR on cardiovascular physiology. We also discuss the potential contribution of AhR as a new potential factor in the targeted treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Garcia GR, Bugel SM, Truong L, Spagnoli S, Tanguay RL. AHR2 required for normal behavioral responses and proper development of the skeletal and reproductive systems in zebrafish. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193484. [PMID: 29494622 PMCID: PMC5832240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a conserved ligand-activated transcription factor required for proper vertebrate development and homeostasis. The inappropriate activation of AHR by ubiquitous pollutants can lead to adverse effects on wildlife and human health. The zebrafish is a powerful model system that provides a vertebrate data stream that anchors hypothesis at the genetic and cellular levels to observations at the morphological and behavioral level, in a high-throughput format. In order to investigate the endogenous functions of AHR, we generated an AHR2 (homolog of human AHR)-null zebrafish line (ahr2osu1) using the clustered, regulatory interspaced, short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 precision genome editing method. In zebrafish, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) mediated toxicity requires AHR2. The AHR2-null line was resistant to TCDD-induced toxicity, indicating the line can be used to investigate the biological and toxicological functions of AHR2. The AHR2-null zebrafish exhibited decreased survival and fecundity compared to the wild type line. At 36 weeks, histological evaluations of the AHR2-null ovaries revealed a reduction of mature follicles when compared to wild type ovaries, suggesting AHR2 regulates follicle growth in zebrafish. AHR2-null adults had malformed cranial skeletal bones and severely damaged fins. Our data suggests AHR2 regulates some aspect(s) of neuromuscular and/or sensory system development, with impaired behavioral responses observed in larval and adult AHR2-null zebrafish. This study increases our understanding of the endogenous functions of AHR, which may help foster a better understanding of the target organs and molecular mechanisms involved in AHR-mediated toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria R. Garcia
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Sean M. Bugel
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Lisa Truong
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Sean Spagnoli
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Robert L. Tanguay
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
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Roman ÁC, Carvajal-Gonzalez JM, Merino JM, Mulero-Navarro S, Fernández-Salguero PM. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the crossroad of signalling networks with therapeutic value. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 185:50-63. [PMID: 29258844 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is well-known for its major contributions to the cellular responses against environmental toxins and carcinogens. Notably, AhR has also emerged as a key transcription factor controlling many physiological processes including cell proliferation and apoptosis, differentiation, adhesion and migration, pluripotency and stemness. These novel functions have broadened our understanding of the signalling pathways and molecular intermediates interacting with AhR under both homeostatic and pathological conditions. Recent discoveries link AhR with the function of essential organs such as liver, skin and gonads, and with complex organismal structures including the immune and cardiovascular systems. The identification of potential endogenous ligands able to regulate AhR activity, opens the possibility of designing ad hoc molecules with pharmacological and/or therapeutic value to treat human diseases in which AhR may have a causal role. Integration of experimental data from in vitro and in vivo studies with "omic" analyses of human patients affected with cancer, immune diseases, inflammation or neurological disorders will likely contribute to validate the clinical relevance of AhR and the possible benefits of modulating its activity by pharmacologically-driven strategies. In this review, we will highlight signalling pathways involved in human diseases that could be targetable by AhR modulators and discuss the feasibility of using such molecules in therapy. The pros and cons of AhR-aimed approaches will be also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel C Roman
- Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Champalimoud Center for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José M Carvajal-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Jaime M Merino
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Sonia Mulero-Navarro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Pedro M Fernández-Salguero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain.
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Chiu KH, Dong CD, Chen CF, Tsai ML, Ju YR, Chen TM, Chen CW. NMR-based metabolomics for the environmental assessment of Kaohsiung Harbor sediments exemplified by a marine amphipod (Hyalella azteca). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 124:714-724. [PMID: 28267993 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflow of wastewater from upstream causes a large flux of pollutants to enter Kaohsiung Harbor in Taiwan daily. To reveal the ecological risk posed by Kaohsiung Harbor sediments, an ecological metabolomic approach was employed to investigate environmental factors pertinent to the physiological regulation of the marine amphipod Hyalella azteca. The amphipods were exposed to sediments collected from different stream inlets of the Love River (LR), Canon River (CR), Jen-Gen River (JR), and Salt River (SR). Harbor entrance 1 (E1) was selected as a reference site. After 10-day exposure, metabolomic analysis of the Hyalella azteca revealed differences between two groups: {E1, LR, CR} and {JR, SR}. The metabolic pathways identified in the two groups of amphipods were significantly different. The results demonstrated that NMR-based metabolomics can be effectively used to characterize metabolic response related to sediment from polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Chiu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C D Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C F Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - M L Tsai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Y R Ju
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - T M Chen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C W Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Aftabi Y, Hosseinzadeh Colagar A, Mehrnejad F, Seyedrezazadeh E, Moudi E. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor gene transitions (c.-742C>T; c.1661G>A) and idiopathic male infertility: a case-control study with in silico and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:20599-20615. [PMID: 28712079 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9701-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is responsible for crucial events in male reproductive biology. Here, the association of the AHR transitions c.-742C>T and c.1661G>A with idiopathic male infertility was investigated in a case-control study, which is followed by a meta-analysis and a bioinformatic investigation. Blood and semen samples were obtained from a total of 135 idiopathic infertile men and 130 healthy controls. Participants were genotyped for the transitions using a PCR-RFLP method. A meta-analysis of five sets of data evaluated the association of c.1661G>A with male infertility, and using an in silico analysis, the possible molecular effects of the transitions predicted. Genotypes and alleles of AHR-c.-742C>T and c.1661G>A polymorphisms were not associated with the risk of male infertility significantly. However, the frequency of C/A haplotype was significantly associated with the increased risk of male infertility, and T/A haplotype was higher among controls significantly. Also, the frequencies of combined genotypes CT/GG, CT/GA and TT/GG were significantly associated with decreased risk of infertility. And, the meta-analysis showed that the AA versus GA/GG recessive model is associated with decreased risk of male infertility among the Iranian population. In silico analysis predicted that c.-742C>T does not alter the binding sites of the proposed transcription factors, but c.1661G>A poses a tolerable structural disturbance in AHR protein. In conclusion, these results showed that AHR c.-742C>T and c.1661G>A transitions separately could not be nominated as a risk or protective factor for male infertility. However, some combined models could affect infertility risk, especially among Iranian men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Aftabi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Post Code: 47416-95447, Iran
| | - Abasalt Hosseinzadeh Colagar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Post Code: 47416-95447, Iran.
| | - Faramarz Mehrnejad
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 14395-1561, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensiyeh Seyedrezazadeh
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 53714-161, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Emadoddin Moudi
- Department of Urology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 47745-47176, Babol, Iran
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Convergent and divergent genetic changes in the genome of Chinese and European pigs. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8662. [PMID: 28819228 PMCID: PMC5561219 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09061-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 10,000 BC, continuous human selection has led to intense genetic and phenotypic changes in pig (Sus scrofa) domestication. Through whole genome analysis of 257 individuals, we demonstrated artificial unidirectional and bidirectional selection as the primary force to shape the convergent and divergent changes between Chinese domestic pigs (CHD) and European domestic pigs (EUD). We identified 31 genes in unidirectional selection regions that might be related to fundamental domestication requirements in pigs. And these genes belong predominantly to categories related to the nervous system, muscle development, and especially to metabolic diseases. In addition, 35 genes, representing different breeding preference, were found under bidirectional selection for the distinct leanness and reproduction traits between CHD and EUD. The convergent genetic changes, contributing physical and morphological adaption, represent the common concerns on pig domestication. And the divergent genetic changes reflect distinct breeding goals between Chinese and European pigs. Using ITPR3, AHR and NMU as examples, we explored and validated how the genetic variations contribute to the phenotype changes.
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V A, Nayar PG, Murugesan R, S S, Krishnan J, Ahmed SSSJ. A systems biology and proteomics-based approach identifies SRC and VEGFA as biomarkers in risk factor mediated coronary heart disease. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 12:2594-604. [PMID: 27279347 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00264a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most common cause of death worldwide. The burden of CHD increases with risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, obesity and diabetes. Several studies have demonstrated the association of these classical risk factors with CHD. However, the mechanisms of these associations remain largely unclear due to the complexity of disease pathophysiology and the lack of an integrative approach that fails to provide a definite understanding of molecular linkage. To overcome these problems, we propose a novel systems biology approach that relates causative genes, interactomes and pathways to elucidate the risk factors mediating the molecular mechanisms and biomarkers for feasible diagnosis. The literature was mined to retrieve the causative genes of each risk factor and CHD to construct protein interactomes. The interactomes were examined to identify 298 common molecular signatures. The common signatures were mapped to the tissue network to synthesize a sub-network consisting of 82 proteins. Further, the dissection of the sub-network provides functional modules representing a diverse range of molecular functions, including the AKT/p13k, MAPK and wnt pathways. Also, the prioritization of functional modules identifies SRC, VEGFA and HIF1A as potential candidate markers. Further, we validate these candidates with the existing markers CRP, NOS3 and VCAM1 in the serum of 63 individuals, 33 with CHD and 30 controls, using ELISA. SRC, VEGFA, H1F1A, CRP and NOS3 were significantly altered in patients compared to controls. These results support the utility of these candidate markers for the diagnosis of CHD. Overall, our molecular observations indicate the influence of risk factors in the pathophysiology of CHD and identify serum markers for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandar V
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pradeep G Nayar
- Department of Cardiology, Chettinad Super Specialty Hospital, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Murugesan
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shajahan S
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayalakshmi Krishnan
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shiek S S J Ahmed
- Drug Discovery Lab, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Garcia GR, Goodale BC, Wiley MW, La Du JK, Hendrix DA, Tanguay RL. In Vivo Characterization of an AHR-Dependent Long Noncoding RNA Required for Proper Sox9b Expression. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 91:609-619. [PMID: 28385905 PMCID: PMC5438132 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.108233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Xenobiotic activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) prevents the proper formation of craniofacial cartilage and the heart in developing zebrafish. Downstream molecular targets responsible for AHR-dependent adverse effects remain largely unknown; however, in zebrafish sox9b has been identified as one of the most-reduced transcripts in several target organs and is hypothesized to have a causal role in TCDD-induced toxicity. The reduction of sox9b expression in TCDD-exposed zebrafish embryos has been shown to contribute to heart and jaw malformation phenotypes. The mechanisms by which AHR2 (functional ortholog of mammalian AHR) activation leads to reduced sox9b expression levels and subsequent target organ toxicity are unknown. We have identified a novel long noncoding RNA (slincR) that is upregulated by strong AHR ligands and is located adjacent to the sox9b gene. We hypothesize that slincR is regulated by AHR2 and transcriptionally represses sox9b. The slincR transcript functions as an RNA macromolecule, and slincR expression is AHR2 dependent. Antisense knockdown of slincR results in an increase in sox9b expression during both normal development and AHR2 activation, which suggests relief in repression. During development, slincR was expressed in tissues with sox9 essential functions, including the jaw/snout region, otic vesicle, eye, and brain. Reducing the levels of slincR resulted in altered neurologic and/or locomotor behavioral responses. Our results place slincR as an intermediate between AHR2 activation and the reduction of sox9b mRNA in the AHR2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria R Garcia
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center (G.R.G., J.K.L.D., R.L.T.), and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics (M.W.W., D.A.H), Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire (B.C.G.)
| | - Britton C Goodale
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center (G.R.G., J.K.L.D., R.L.T.), and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics (M.W.W., D.A.H), Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire (B.C.G.)
| | - Michelle W Wiley
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center (G.R.G., J.K.L.D., R.L.T.), and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics (M.W.W., D.A.H), Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire (B.C.G.)
| | - Jane K La Du
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center (G.R.G., J.K.L.D., R.L.T.), and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics (M.W.W., D.A.H), Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire (B.C.G.)
| | - David A Hendrix
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center (G.R.G., J.K.L.D., R.L.T.), and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics (M.W.W., D.A.H), Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire (B.C.G.)
| | - Robert L Tanguay
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center (G.R.G., J.K.L.D., R.L.T.), and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics (M.W.W., D.A.H), Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire (B.C.G.)
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Kim JB, Pjanic M, Nguyen T, Miller CL, Iyer D, Liu B, Wang T, Sazonova O, Carcamo-Orive I, Matic LP, Maegdefessel L, Hedin U, Quertermous T. TCF21 and the environmental sensor aryl-hydrocarbon receptor cooperate to activate a pro-inflammatory gene expression program in coronary artery smooth muscle cells. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006750. [PMID: 28481916 PMCID: PMC5439967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Both environmental factors and genetic loci have been associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), however gene-gene and gene-environment interactions that might identify molecular mechanisms of risk are not easily studied by human genetic approaches. We have previously identified the transcription factor TCF21 as the causal CAD gene at 6q23.2 and characterized its downstream transcriptional network that is enriched for CAD GWAS genes. Here we investigate the hypothesis that TCF21 interacts with a downstream target gene, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates the cellular response to environmental contaminants, including dioxin and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., tobacco smoke). Perturbation of TCF21 expression in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMC) revealed that TCF21 promotes expression of AHR, its heterodimerization partner ARNT, and cooperates with these factors to upregulate a number of inflammatory downstream disease related genes including IL1A, MMP1, and CYP1A1. TCF21 was shown to bind in AHR, ARNT and downstream target gene loci, and co-localization was noted for AHR-ARNT and TCF21 binding sites genome-wide in regions of HCASMC open chromatin. These regions of co-localization were found to be enriched for GWAS signals associated with cardio-metabolic as well as chronic inflammatory disease phenotypes. Finally, we show that similar to TCF21, AHR gene expression is increased in atherosclerotic lesions in mice in vivo using laser capture microdissection, and AHR protein is localized in human carotid atherosclerotic lesions where it is associated with protein kinases with a critical role in innate immune response. These data suggest that TCF21 can cooperate with AHR to activate an inflammatory gene expression program that is exacerbated by environmental stimuli, and may contribute to the overall risk for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyong Brian Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Milos Pjanic
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Trieu Nguyen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Clint L. Miller
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Dharini Iyer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Boxiang Liu
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Ting Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Olga Sazonova
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Ivan Carcamo-Orive
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | | | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
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A Promoter Variant Within the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Gene Is Associated with an Epithelial Barrier Defect in Smokers with Crohn's Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2016; 22:2356-68. [PMID: 27598741 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking worsens Crohn's disease (CD). The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcription factor that mediates the toxicity of dioxinlike chemicals. We hypothesized that AHR variants and smoking influence CD. METHODS Exon-intron boundaries and coding and promoter regions of AHR gene were sequenced (28 patients with inflammatory bowel disease; 4 healthy controls). Two identified variants (rs7796976 and rs2066853) were studied for an association with intestinal permeability (IP, oral sugar test) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (stratified according to the smoking status). AHR expression was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in colonic biopsies from patients with CD (n = 53). Case-control analysis including a genotype-phenotype correlation was performed for both variants (n = 767 patients with inflammatory bowel disease; n = 466 healthy controls). RESULTS Sequencing identified a putative promoter variant (rs7796976) and a nonsynonymous variant (rs2066853; Arg554Lys) in AHR, both predicted to be functionally relevant. The major G-allele of rs7796976 increased the risk for disturbed IP (odds ratio 1.9, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-3.2) in CD but not ulcerative colitis. We observed an additive effect of the rs7796976 genotype and smoking on IP (P = 0.005), which was also shown for rs2066853 (P = 0.004; variants not linked). Both variants showed a genotype-dependent AHR expression in colonic biopsies of patients with CD. No overall association with either CD or ulcerative colitis was observed; however, the rs7796976 genotype and smoking increased the risk for the L4 phenotype in CD. CONCLUSION Smoking and functionally relevant AHR variants increase IP in CD. Because AhR is known to mediate between smoking and inflammation, these variants might be involved in the deleterious effect of smoking on CD.
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Role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor polymorphisms on TCDD-mediated CYP1B1 induction and IgM suppression by human B cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 309:15-23. [PMID: 27535091 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that most of the intraspecies variation in sensitivity to the toxic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), including suppression of antibody responses, in murine models is due to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) gene. The underlying reason for variation in sensitivity to TCDD-induced suppression of IgM responses among humans is not well understood, but is thought, in part, to be a result of different polymorphic forms of the AhR expressed by different individuals. In this study, the functional properties of six (P517S, R554K, V570I, V570I+P517S, R554K+V570I and P517S+R554K+V570I) human AhR variants were examined in the human B cell line, SKW 6.4. TCDD-induced Cyp1B1 and Cyp1A2 mRNA expression levels and Cyp1B1-regulated reporter gene activity, used for comparative purposes, were markedly lower in SKW cells containing the R554K SNP than in SKW-AHR(+) (control AhR) cells. Furthermore, all AhR variants were able to mediate TCDD-induced suppression of the IgM response; however, a combined P517S+R554K+V570I variant partially reduced sensitivity to TCDD-mediated suppression of IgM secretion. Collectively, our findings show that the R554K human AhR SNP alone altered sensitivity of human B cells to TCDD-mediated induction of Cyp1B1 and Cyp1A2. By contrast, attenuation of TCDD-induced IgM suppression required a combination of all three SNPs P517S, R554K, and V570I.
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Perkins JT, Petriello MC, Newsome BJ, Hennig B. Polychlorinated biphenyls and links to cardiovascular disease. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:2160-72. [PMID: 25877901 PMCID: PMC4609220 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4479-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The pathology of cardiovascular disease is multi-faceted, with links to many modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Epidemiological evidence now implicates exposure to persistent organic pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), with an increased risk of developing diabetes, hypertension, and obesity; all of which are clinically relevant to the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease. PCBs exert their cardiovascular toxicity either directly or indirectly via multiple mechanisms, which are highly dependent on the type and concentration of PCBs present. However, many PCBs may modulate cellular signaling pathways leading to common detrimental outcomes including induction of chronic oxidative stress, inflammation, and endocrine disruption. With the abundance of potential toxic pollutants increasing globally, it is critical to identify sensible means of decreasing associated disease risks. Emerging evidence now implicates a protective role of lifestyle modifications such as increased exercise and/or nutritional modulation via anti-inflammatory foods, which may help to decrease the vascular toxicity of PCBs. This review will outline the current state of knowledge linking coplanar and non-coplanar PCBs to cardiovascular disease and describe the possible molecular mechanism of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan T Perkins
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, 900 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Michael C Petriello
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, 900 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Bradley J Newsome
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, 900 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Bernhard Hennig
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, 900 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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