1
|
Bénard M, Chamot C, Schapman D, Debonne A, Lebon A, Dubois F, Levallet G, Komuro H, Galas L. Combining sophisticated fast FLIM, confocal microscopy, and STED nanoscopy for live-cell imaging of tunneling nanotubes. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302398. [PMID: 38649185 PMCID: PMC11035862 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication via tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) is a challenging topic with a growing interest. In this work, we proposed several innovative tools that use red/near-infrared dye labeling and employ lifetime-based imaging strategies to investigate the dynamics of TNTs in a living mesothelial H28 cell line that exhibits spontaneously TNT1 and TNT2 subtypes. Thanks to a fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy module being integrated into confocal microscopy and stimulated emission depletion nanoscopy, we applied lifetime imaging, lifetime dye unmixing, and lifetime denoising techniques to perform multiplexing experiments and time-lapses of tens of minutes, revealing therefore structural and functional characteristics of living TNTs that were preserved from light exposure. In these conditions, vesicle-like structures, and tubular- and round-shaped mitochondria were identified within living TNT1. In addition, mitochondrial dynamic studies revealed linear and stepwise mitochondrial migrations, bidirectional movements, transient backtracking, and fission events in TNT1. Transfer of Nile Red-positive puncta via both TNT1 and TNT2 was also detected between living H28 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magalie Bénard
- University Rouen Normandie, INSERM, CNRS, Normandie Université, HeRacLeS US51, UAR2026, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Christophe Chamot
- University Rouen Normandie, INSERM, CNRS, Normandie Université, HeRacLeS US51, UAR2026, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Damien Schapman
- University Rouen Normandie, INSERM, CNRS, Normandie Université, HeRacLeS US51, UAR2026, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Aurélien Debonne
- University Rouen Normandie, INSERM, CNRS, Normandie Université, HeRacLeS US51, UAR2026, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
- University Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Université, UMR1245, Rouen, France
| | - Alexis Lebon
- University Rouen Normandie, INSERM, CNRS, Normandie Université, HeRacLeS US51, UAR2026, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Fatéméh Dubois
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Université, ISTCT UMR6030, Caen, France
- Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Guénaëlle Levallet
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Université, ISTCT UMR6030, Caen, France
- Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Hitoshi Komuro
- University Rouen Normandie, INSERM, CNRS, Normandie Université, HeRacLeS US51, UAR2026, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Ludovic Galas
- University Rouen Normandie, INSERM, CNRS, Normandie Université, HeRacLeS US51, UAR2026, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Valdebenito S, Ono A, Rong L, Eugenin EA. The role of tunneling nanotubes during early stages of HIV infection and reactivation: implications in HIV cure. NEUROIMMUNE PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS 2023; 2:169-186. [PMID: 37476291 PMCID: PMC10355284 DOI: 10.1515/nipt-2022-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), also called cytonemes or tumor microtubes, correspond to cellular processes that enable long-range communication. TNTs are plasma membrane extensions that form tubular processes that connect the cytoplasm of two or more cells. TNTs are mostly expressed during the early stages of development and poorly expressed in adulthood. However, in disease conditions such as stroke, cancer, and viral infections such as HIV, TNTs proliferate, but their role is poorly understood. TNTs function has been associated with signaling coordination, organelle sharing, and the transfer of infectious agents such as HIV. Here, we describe the critical role and function of TNTs during HIV infection and reactivation, as well as the use of TNTs for cure strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Valdebenito
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Akira Ono
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Libin Rong
- Department of Mathematics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Eliseo A. Eugenin
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Amarasinghe I, Phillips W, Hill AF, Cheng L, Helbig KJ, Willms E, Monson EA. Cellular communication through extracellular vesicles and lipid droplets. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 2:e77. [PMID: 38938415 PMCID: PMC11080893 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Cellular communication is essential for effective coordination of biological processes. One major form of intercellular communication occurs via the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs). These vesicles mediate intercellular communication through the transfer of their cargo and are actively explored for their role in various diseases and their potential therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Conversely, lipid droplets (LDs) are vesicles that transfer cargo within cells. Lipid droplets play roles in various diseases and evidence for their ability to transfer cargo between cells is emerging. To date, there has been little interdisciplinary research looking at the similarities and interactions between these two classes of small lipid vesicles. This review will compare the commonalities and differences between EVs and LDs including their biogenesis and secretion, isolation and characterisation methodologies, composition, and general heterogeneity and discuss challenges and opportunities in both fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irumi Amarasinghe
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and EnvironmentLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - William Phillips
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and EnvironmentLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular SciencesLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Andrew F. Hill
- Institute for Health and SportVictoria UniversityFootscrayVictoriaAustralia
| | - Lesley Cheng
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and EnvironmentLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular SciencesLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Karla J. Helbig
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and EnvironmentLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Eduard Willms
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and EnvironmentLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular SciencesLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Ebony A. Monson
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and EnvironmentLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Barutta F, Bellini S, Kimura S, Hase K, Corbetta B, Corbelli A, Fiordaliso F, Bruno S, Biancone L, Barreca A, Papotti M, Hirsh E, Martini M, Gambino R, Durazzo M, Ohno H, Gruden G. Protective effect of the tunneling nanotube-TNFAIP2/M-sec system on podocyte autophagy in diabetic nephropathy. Autophagy 2023; 19:505-524. [PMID: 35659195 PMCID: PMC9851239 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2080382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury leading to albuminuria is a characteristic feature of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Hyperglycemia and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are major determinants of DN. However, the underlying mechanisms of podocyte injury remain poorly understood. The cytosolic protein TNFAIP2/M-Sec is required for tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) formation, which are membrane channels that transiently connect cells, allowing organelle transfer. Podocytes express TNFAIP2 and form TNTs, but the potential relevance of the TNFAIP2-TNT system in DN is unknown. We studied TNFAIP2 expression in both human and experimental DN and the renal effect of tnfaip2 deletion in streptozotocin-induced DN. Moreover, we explored the role of the TNFAIP2-TNT system in podocytes exposed to diabetes-related insults. TNFAIP2 was overexpressed by podocytes in both human and experimental DN and exposre of podocytes to high glucose and AGEs induced the TNFAIP2-TNT system. In diabetic mice, tnfaip2 deletion exacerbated albuminuria, renal function loss, podocyte injury, and mesangial expansion. Moreover, blockade of the autophagic flux due to lysosomal dysfunction was observed in diabetes-injured podocytes both in vitro and in vivo and exacerbated by tnfaip2 deletion. TNTs allowed autophagosome and lysosome exchange between podocytes, thereby ameliorating AGE-induced lysosomal dysfunction and apoptosis. This protective effect was abolished by tnfaip2 deletion, TNT inhibition, and donor cell lysosome damage. By contrast, Tnfaip2 overexpression enhanced TNT-mediated transfer and prevented AGE-induced autophagy and lysosome dysfunction and apoptosis. In conclusion, TNFAIP2 plays an important protective role in podocytes in the context of DN by allowing TNT-mediated autophagosome and lysosome exchange and may represent a novel druggable target.Abbreviations: AGEs: advanced glycation end products; AKT1: AKT serine/threonine kinase 1; AO: acridine orange; ALs: autolysosomes; APs: autophagosomes; BM: bone marrow; BSA: bovine serum albumin; CTSD: cathepsin D; DIC: differential interference contrast; DN: diabetic nephropathy; FSGS: focal segmental glomerulosclerosis; HG: high glucose; KO: knockout; LAMP1: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1; LMP: lysosomal membrane permeabilization; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; STZ: streptozotocin; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; TNFAIP2: tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 2; TNTs: tunneling nanotubes; WT: wild type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F. Barutta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy,CONTACT F. Barutta Department of Medical Sciences, Corso Dogliotti 1410126, Turin, Italy
| | - S. Bellini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - S. Kimura
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K. Hase
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - B. Corbetta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - A. Corbelli
- Unit of Bioimaging, Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - F. Fiordaliso
- Unit of Bioimaging, Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - S. Bruno
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - L. Biancone
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - A. Barreca
- Division of Pathology, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - M.G. Papotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - E. Hirsh
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M. Martini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - R. Gambino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M. Durazzo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - H. Ohno
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - G. Gruden
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jahnke R, Matthiesen S, Zaeck LM, Finke S, Knittler MR. Chlamydia trachomatis Cell-to-Cell Spread through Tunneling Nanotubes. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0281722. [PMID: 36219107 PMCID: PMC9769577 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02817-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are transient cellular connections that consist of dynamic membrane protrusions. They play an important role in cell-to-cell communication and mediate the intercellular exchanges of molecules and organelles. TNTs can form between different cell types and may contribute to the spread of pathogens by serving as cytoplasmic corridors. We demonstrate that Chlamydia (C.) trachomatis-infected human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells and other cells form TNT-like structures through which reticulate bodies (RBs) pass into uninfected cells. Observed TNTs have a life span of 1 to 5 h and contain microtubules, which are essential for chlamydial transfer. They can bridge distances of up to 50 μm between connecting neighboring cells. Consistent with the biological role for TNTs, we show that C. trachomatis spread also occurs under conditions in which the extracellular route of chlamydial entry into host cells is blocked. Based on our findings, we propose that TNTs play a critical role in the direct, cell-to-cell transmission of chlamydia. IMPORTANCE Intracellular bacterial pathogens often undergo a life cycle in which they parasitize infected host cells in membranous vacuoles. Two pathways have been described by which chlamydia can exit infected host cells: lytic cell destruction or exit via extrusion formation. Whether direct, cell-to-cell contact may also play a role in the spread of infection is unknown. Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) interconnect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells to mediate efficient communication and the exchange of material between them. We used Chlamydia trachomatis and immortalized cells to analyze whether TNTs mediate bacterial transmission from an infected donor to uninfected acceptor cells. We show that chlamydia-infected cells build TNTs through which the intracellular reticulate bodies (RBs) of the chlamydia can pass into uninfected neighboring cells. Our study contributes to the understanding of the function of TNTs in the cell-to-cell transmission of intracellular pathogens and provides new insights into the strategies by which chlamydia spreads among multicellular tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rico Jahnke
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Svea Matthiesen
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Luca M. Zaeck
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Finke
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael R. Knittler
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Resnik N, Baraga D, Glažar P, Jokhadar Zemljič Š, Derganc J, Sepčić K, Veranič P, Kreft ME. Molecular, morphological and functional properties of tunnelling nanotubes between normal and cancer urothelial cells: New insights from the in vitro model mimicking the situation after surgical removal of the urothelial tumor. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:934684. [PMID: 36601539 PMCID: PMC9806176 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.934684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs) are membranous connections that represent a unique type of intercellular communication in different cell types. They are associated with cell physiology and cancer pathology. The possible existence of tunnelling nanotubes communication between urothelial cancer and normal cells has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, we analyzed TNTs formed by T24 cells (human invasive cancer urothelial cells) and normal porcine urothelial (NPU) cells, which serve as surrogate models for healthy human urothelial cells. Monocultures and cocultures of NPU and T24 cells were established and analyzed using live-cell imaging, optical tweezers, fluorescence microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. TNTs of NPU cells differed significantly from tunnelling nanotubes of T24 cells in number, length, diameter, lipid composition, and elastic properties. Membrane domains enriched in cholesterol/sphingomyelin were present in tunnelling nanotubes of T24 cells but not in NPU cells. The tunnelling nanotubes in T24 cells were also easier to bend than the tunnelling nanotubes in NPU cells. The tunnelling nanotubes of both cell types were predominantly tricytoskeletal, and contained actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules, as well as the motor proteins myosin Va, dynein, and kinesin 5B. Mitochondria were transported within tunnelling nanotubes in living cells, and were colocalized with microtubules and the microtubule-associated protein dynamin 2. In cocultures, heterocellular tunnelling nanotubes were formed between NPU cells and T24 cells and vice versa. The presence of connexin 43 at the end of urothelial tunnelling nanotubes suggests a junctional connection and the involvement of tunnelling nanotube in signal transduction. In this study, we established a novel urothelial cancer-normal coculture model and showed cells in the minority tend to form tunnelling nanotubes with cells in the majority. The condition with cancer cells in the minority is an attractive model to mimic the situation after surgical resection with remaining cancer cells and may help to understand cancer progression and recurrence. Our results shed light on the biological activity of tunnelling nanotubes and have the potential to advance the search for anticancer drugs that target tunnelling nanotubes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Resnik
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Diana Baraga
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Polona Glažar
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Špela Jokhadar Zemljič
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jure Derganc
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kristina Sepčić
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Veranič
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia,*Correspondence: Mateja Erdani Kreft,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang K, Feng M, Xie J, Sang X, Sun G, Tian Y, Song F, Huang W. High-energy Q switched Yb-doped fiber laser based on a ternary layered structured Ti 2AlC saturable absorber. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:5525-5528. [PMID: 37219260 DOI: 10.1364/ol.473250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ti2AlC is a kind of ternary layered structured ceramic metal compound, combining the advantages of both ceramic and metal. Herein, the saturable absorption performance of Ti2AlC at the 1-µm wave band is investigated. The Ti2AlC behaves with excellent saturable absorption, which has a modulation depth of 14.53% and a saturable intensity of 13.27 MW/cm2. An all-normal dispersion fiber laser based on the Ti2AlC saturable absorber (SA) is constructed. The repetition frequency of the Q switched pulses increased from 44 to 49 kHz as the pump power rose from 276 to 365 mW, and the corresponding pulse width decreased from 3.64 to 2.42 µs. The maximum output single Q switched pulse energy is as high as 169.8 nJ. Our experiments prove that the MAX phase Ti2AlC has potential as a low-cost, simple preparation, and broadband SA material. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of Ti2AlC serving as a SA material achieving Q switched operation at the 1-µm wave band.
Collapse
|
8
|
Role of Tunneling Nanotubes in the Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012545. [PMID: 36293396 PMCID: PMC9604327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular communication and the transfer of information from one cell to another is crucial for cell viability and homeostasis. During the last decade, tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) have attracted scientific attention, not only as a means of direct intercellular communication, but also as a possible system to transport biological cargo between distant cells. Peculiar TNT characteristics make them both able to increase cellular survival capacities, as well as a potential target of neurodegenerative disease progression. Despite TNT formation having been documented in a number of cell types, the exact mechanisms triggering their formation are still not completely known. In this review, we will summarize and highlight those studies focusing on TNT formation in the nervous system, as well as their role in neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, we aim to stress some possible mechanisms and important proteins probably involved in TNT formation in the nervous system.
Collapse
|
9
|
Luchetti F, Carloni S, Nasoni MG, Reiter RJ, Balduini W. Tunneling nanotubes and mesenchymal stem cells: New insights into the role of melatonin in neuronal recovery. J Pineal Res 2022; 73:e12800. [PMID: 35419879 PMCID: PMC9540876 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Efficient cell-to-cell communication is essential for tissue development, homeostasis, and the maintenance of cellular functions after injury. Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) have emerged as a new important method of cell-to-cell communication. TNTs are primarily established between stressed and unstressed cells and can transport a variety of cellular components. Mitochondria are important trafficked entities through TNTs. Transcellular mitochondria transfer permits the incorporation of healthy mitochondria into the endogenous network of recipient cells, changing the bioenergetic profile and other functional properties of the recipient and may allow the recipient cells to recuperate from apoptotic processes and return to a normal operating state. Mesenchymal cells (MSCs) can form TNTs and transfer mitochondria and other constituents to target cells. This occurs under both physiological and pathological conditions, leading to changes in cellular energy metabolism and functions. This review summarizes the newly described capacity of melatonin to improve mitochondrial fusion/fission dynamics and promote TNT formation. This new evidence suggests that melatonin's protective effects could be attributed to its ability to prevent mitochondrial damage in injured cells, reduce senescence, and promote anastasis, a natural cell recovery phenomenon that rescues cells from the brink of death. The modulation of these new routes of intercellular communication by melatonin could play a key role in increasing the therapeutic potential of MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Luchetti
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoUrbinoItaly
| | - Silvia Carloni
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoUrbinoItaly
| | - Maria G. Nasoni
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoUrbinoItaly
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and AnatomyLong School of Medicine, UT HealthSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Walter Balduini
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoUrbinoItaly
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Eugenin E, Camporesi E, Peracchia C. Direct Cell-Cell Communication via Membrane Pores, Gap Junction Channels, and Tunneling Nanotubes: Medical Relevance of Mitochondrial Exchange. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6133. [PMID: 35682809 PMCID: PMC9181466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The history of direct cell-cell communication has evolved in several small steps. First discovered in the 1930s in invertebrate nervous systems, it was thought at first to be an exception to the "cell theory", restricted to invertebrates. Surprisingly, however, in the 1950s, electrical cell-cell communication was also reported in vertebrates. Once more, it was thought to be an exception restricted to excitable cells. In contrast, in the mid-1960s, two startling publications proved that virtually all cells freely exchange small neutral and charged molecules. Soon after, cell-cell communication by gap junction channels was reported. While gap junctions are the major means of cell-cell communication, in the early 1980s, evidence surfaced that some cells might also communicate via membrane pores. Questions were raised about the possible artifactual nature of the pores. However, early in this century, we learned that communication via membrane pores exists and plays a major role in medicine, as the structures involved, "tunneling nanotubes", can rescue diseased cells by directly transferring healthy mitochondria into compromised cells and tissues. On the other hand, pathogens/cancer could also use these communication systems to amplify pathogenesis. Here, we describe the evolution of the discovery of these new communication systems and the potential therapeutic impact on several uncurable diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliseo Eugenin
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), 105 11th Street, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Enrico Camporesi
- Department of Surgery and TEAM Health Anesthesia, University of South Florida, 2 Tampa General Circle, Tampa, FL 33606, USA;
| | - Camillo Peracchia
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Driscoll J, Gondaliya P, Patel T. Tunneling Nanotube-Mediated Communication: A Mechanism of Intercellular Nucleic Acid Transfer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5487. [PMID: 35628298 PMCID: PMC9143920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are thin, F-actin-based membranous protrusions that connect distant cells and can provide e a novel mechanism for intercellular communication. By establishing cytoplasmic continuity between interconnected cells, TNTs enable the bidirectional transfer of nuclear and cytoplasmic cargo, including organelles, nucleic acids, drugs, and pathogenic molecules. TNT-mediated nucleic acid transfer provides a unique opportunity for donor cells to directly alter the genome, transcriptome, and metabolome of recipient cells. TNTs have been reported to transport DNA, mitochondrial DNA, mRNA, viral RNA, and non-coding RNAs, such as miRNA and siRNA. This mechanism of transfer is observed in physiological as well as pathological conditions, and has been implicated in the progression of disease. Herein, we provide a concise overview of TNTs' structure, mechanisms of biogenesis, and the functional effects of TNT-mediated intercellular transfer of nucleic acid cargo. Furthermore, we highlight the potential translational applications of TNT-mediated nucleic acid transfer in cancer, immunity, and neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tushar Patel
- Departments of Transplantation and Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; (J.D.); (P.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ottonelli I, Caraffi R, Tosi G, Vandelli MA, Duskey JT, Ruozi B. Tunneling Nanotubes: A New Target for Nanomedicine? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042237. [PMID: 35216348 PMCID: PMC8878036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), discovered in 2004, are thin, long protrusions between cells utilized for intercellular transfer and communication. These newly discovered structures have been demonstrated to play a crucial role in homeostasis, but also in the spreading of diseases, infections, and metastases. Gaining much interest in the medical research field, TNTs have been shown to transport nanomedicines (NMeds) between cells. NMeds have been studied thanks to their advantageous features in terms of reduced toxicity of drugs, enhanced solubility, protection of the payload, prolonged release, and more interestingly, cell-targeted delivery. Nevertheless, their transfer between cells via TNTs makes their true fate unknown. If better understood, TNTs could help control NMed delivery. In fact, TNTs can represent the possibility both to improve the biodistribution of NMeds throughout a diseased tissue by increasing their formation, or to minimize their formation to block the transfer of dangerous material. To date, few studies have investigated the interaction between NMeds and TNTs. In this work, we will explain what TNTs are and how they form and then review what has been published regarding their potential use in nanomedicine research. We will highlight possible future approaches to better exploit TNT intercellular communication in the field of nanomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Ottonelli
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.C.); (G.T.); (M.A.V.); (B.R.)
| | - Riccardo Caraffi
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.C.); (G.T.); (M.A.V.); (B.R.)
| | - Giovanni Tosi
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.C.); (G.T.); (M.A.V.); (B.R.)
| | - Maria Angela Vandelli
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.C.); (G.T.); (M.A.V.); (B.R.)
| | - Jason Thomas Duskey
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.C.); (G.T.); (M.A.V.); (B.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Barbara Ruozi
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.C.); (G.T.); (M.A.V.); (B.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Specialized Intercellular Communications via Tunnelling Nanotubes in Acute and Chronic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030659. [PMID: 35158927 PMCID: PMC8833474 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are cytoplasmic channels which regulate the contacts between cells and allow the transfer of several elements, including ions, mitochondria, microvesicles, exosomes, lysosomes, proteins, and microRNAs. Through this transport, TNTs are implicated in different physiological and pathological phenomena, such as immune response, cell proliferation and differentiation, embryogenesis, programmed cell death, and angiogenesis. TNTs can promote cancer progression, transferring substances capable of altering apoptotic dynamics, modifying the metabolism and energy balance, inducing changes in immunosurveillance, or affecting the response to chemotherapy. In this review, we evaluated their influence on hematologic malignancies’ progression and resistance to therapies, focusing on acute and chronic myeloid and acute lymphoid leukemia. Abstract Effectual cell-to-cell communication is essential to the development and differentiation of organisms, the preservation of tissue tasks, and the synchronization of their different physiological actions, but also to the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells. Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are membrane-enclosed tubular connections between cells that carry a multiplicity of cellular loads, such as exosomes, non-coding RNAs, mitochondria, and proteins, and they have been identified as the main participants in healthy and tumoral cell communication. TNTs have been described in numerous tumors in in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models favoring the onset and progression of tumors. Tumor cells utilize TNT-like membranous channels to transfer information between themselves or with the tumoral milieu. As a result, tumor cells attain novel capabilities, such as the increased capacity of metastasis, metabolic plasticity, angiogenic aptitude, and chemoresistance, promoting tumor severity. Here, we review the morphological and operational characteristics of TNTs and their influence on hematologic malignancies’ progression and resistance to therapies, focusing on acute and chronic myeloid and acute lymphoid leukemia. Finally, we examine the prospects and challenges for TNTs as a therapeutic approach for hematologic diseases by examining the development of efficient and safe drugs targeting TNTs.
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen J, Zhong J, Wang LL, Chen YY. Mitochondrial Transfer in Cardiovascular Disease: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Implications. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:771298. [PMID: 34901230 PMCID: PMC8661009 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.771298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been proven to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The phenomenon of intercellular mitochondrial transfer has been discovered in the cardiovascular system. Studies have shown that cell-to-cell mitochondrial transfer plays an essential role in regulating cardiovascular system development and maintaining normal tissue homeostasis under physiological conditions. In pathological conditions, damaged cells transfer dysfunctional mitochondria toward recipient cells to ask for help and take up exogenous functional mitochondria to alleviate injury. In this review, we summarized the mechanism of mitochondrial transfer in the cardiovascular system and outlined the fate and functional role of donor mitochondria. We also discussed the advantage and challenges of mitochondrial transfer strategies, including cell-based mitochondrial transplantation, extracellular vesicle-based mitochondrial transplantation, and naked mitochondrial transplantation, for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. We hope this review will provide perspectives on mitochondrial-targeted therapeutics in cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, and Department of Obstetrics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinjie Zhong
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, and Department of Obstetrics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin-Lin Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, and Department of Orthopaedics of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Ying Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, and Department of Obstetrics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Munir R, Lisec J, Swinnen JV, Zaidi N. Too complex to fail? Targeting fatty acid metabolism for cancer therapy. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 85:101143. [PMID: 34856213 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Given the central role of fatty acids in cancer pathophysiology, the exploitation of fatty acid metabolism as a potential antineoplastic therapy has gained much attention. Several natural and synthetic compounds targeting fatty acid metabolism were hitherto identified, and their effectiveness against cancer cell proliferation and survival was determined. This review will discuss the most clinically viable inhibitors or drugs targeting various proteins or enzymes mapped on nine interconnected fatty acid metabolism-related processes. We will discuss the general significance of each of these processes and the effects of their inhibition on cancer cell progression. Moreover, their mechanisms of action, limitations, and future perspectives will be assessed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rimsha Munir
- Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Hormone Lab Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jan Lisec
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes V Swinnen
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nousheen Zaidi
- Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Cancer Research Center (CRC), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tunneling nanotubes and related structures: molecular mechanisms of formation and function. Biochem J 2021; 478:3977-3998. [PMID: 34813650 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are F-actin-based, membrane-enclosed tubular connections between animal cells that transport a variety of cellular cargo. Over the last 15 years since their discovery, TNTs have come to be recognized as key players in normal cell communication and organism development, and are also exploited for the spread of various microbial pathogens and major diseases like cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. TNTs have also been proposed as modalities for disseminating therapeutic drugs between cells. Despite the rapidly expanding and wide-ranging relevance of these structures in both health and disease, there is a glaring dearth of molecular mechanistic knowledge regarding the formation and function of these important but enigmatic structures. A series of fundamental steps are essential for the formation of functional nanotubes. The spatiotemporally controlled and directed modulation of cortical actin dynamics would be required to ensure outward F-actin polymerization. Local plasma membrane deformation to impart negative curvature and membrane addition at a rate commensurate with F-actin polymerization would enable outward TNT elongation. Extrinsic tactic cues, along with cognate intrinsic signaling, would be required to guide and stabilize the elongating TNT towards its intended target, followed by membrane fusion to create a functional TNT. Selected cargoes must be transported between connected cells through the action of molecular motors, before the TNT is retracted or destroyed. This review summarizes the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating these steps, also highlighting areas that deserve future attention.
Collapse
|
17
|
Thiosemicarbazone Copper Chelator BLT-1 Blocks Apicomplexan Parasite Replication by Selective Inhibition of Scavenger Receptor B Type 1 (SR-BI). Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112372. [PMID: 34835496 PMCID: PMC8622581 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coccidian parasites are obligate intracellular pathogens that affect humans and animals. Apicomplexans are defective in de novo synthesis of cholesterol, which is required for membrane biosynthesis and offspring formation. In consequence, cholesterol has to be scavenged from host cells. It is mainly taken up from extracellular sources via LDL particles; however, little is known on the role of HDL and its receptor SR-BI in this process. Here, we studied effects of the SR-BI-specific blocker BLT-1 on the development of different fast (Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Besnoitia besnoiti) and slow (Eimeria bovis and Eimeria arloingi) replicating coccidian species. Overall, development of all these parasites was significantly inhibited by BLT-1 treatment indicating a common SR-BI-related key mechanism in the replication process. However, SR-BI gene transcription was not affected by T. gondii, N. caninum and B. besnoiti infections. Interestingly, BLT-1 treatment of infective stages reduced invasive capacities of all fast replicating parasites paralleled by a sustained increase in cytoplasmic Ca++ levels. Moreover, BLT1-mediated blockage of SR-BI led to enhanced host cell lipid droplet abundance and neutral lipid content, thereby confirming the importance of this receptor in general lipid metabolism. Finally, the current data suggest a conserved role of SR-BI for successful coccidian infections.
Collapse
|
18
|
Mitochondria and the Tumour Microenvironment in Blood Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1329:181-203. [PMID: 34664240 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73119-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) is a complex organ located within the cavities of bones. The main function of the BM is to produce all the blood cells required for a normal healthy blood system. As with any major organ, many diseases can arise from errors in bone marrow function, including non-malignant disorders such as anaemia and malignant disorders such as leukaemias. This article will explore the role of the bone marrow, in normal and diseased haematopoiesis, with an emphasis on the requirement for intercellular mitochondrial transfer in leukaemia.
Collapse
|
19
|
Secretome and Tunneling Nanotubes: A Multilevel Network for Long Range Intercellular Communication between Endothelial Cells and Distant Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157971. [PMID: 34360735 PMCID: PMC8347715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a cellular interface between the blood and tissues, the endothelial cell (EC) monolayer is involved in the control of key functions including vascular tone, permeability and homeostasis, leucocyte trafficking and hemostasis. EC regulatory functions require long-distance communications between ECs, circulating hematopoietic cells and other vascular cells for efficient adjusting thrombosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, infection and immunity. This intercellular crosstalk operates through the extracellular space and is orchestrated in part by the secretory pathway and the exocytosis of Weibel Palade Bodies (WPBs), secretory granules and extracellular vesicles (EVs). WPBs and secretory granules allow both immediate release and regulated exocytosis of messengers such as cytokines, chemokines, extracellular membrane proteins, coagulation or growth factors. The ectodomain shedding of transmembrane protein further provide the release of both receptor and ligands with key regulatory activities on target cells. Thin tubular membranous channels termed tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) may also connect EC with distant cells. EVs, in particular exosomes, and TNTs may contain and transfer different biomolecules (e.g., signaling mediators, proteins, lipids, and microRNAs) or pathogens and have emerged as a major triggers of horizontal intercellular transfer of information.
Collapse
|
20
|
Valdebenito S, Malik S, Luu R, Loudig O, Mitchell M, Okafo G, Bhat K, Prideaux B, Eugenin EA. Tunneling nanotubes, TNT, communicate glioblastoma with surrounding non-tumor astrocytes to adapt them to hypoxic and metabolic tumor conditions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14556. [PMID: 34267246 PMCID: PMC8282675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93775-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication is essential for the development and proper function of multicellular systems. We and others demonstrated that tunneling nanotubes (TNT) proliferate in several pathological conditions such as HIV, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the nature, function, and contribution of TNT to cancer pathogenesis are poorly understood. Our analyses demonstrate that TNT structures are induced between glioblastoma (GBM) cells and surrounding non-tumor astrocytes to transfer tumor-derived mitochondria. The mitochondrial transfer mediated by TNT resulted in the adaptation of non-tumor astrocytes to tumor-like metabolism and hypoxia conditions. In conclusion, TNT are an efficient cell-to-cell communication system used by cancer cells to adapt the microenvironment to the invasive nature of the tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Valdebenito
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Research Building 17, Fifth Floor, 105 11th Street, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Shaily Malik
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Research Building 17, Fifth Floor, 105 11th Street, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Ross Luu
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Research Building 17, Fifth Floor, 105 11th Street, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Olivier Loudig
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Megan Mitchell
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | | | - Krishna Bhat
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, M.D. Anderson, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brendan Prideaux
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Research Building 17, Fifth Floor, 105 11th Street, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Eliseo A Eugenin
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Research Building 17, Fifth Floor, 105 11th Street, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu YJ, Li JP, Zhang Y, Nie MJ, Zhang YH, Liu SL, Zou X. FSTL3 is a Prognostic Biomarker in Gastric Cancer and is Correlated with M2 Macrophage Infiltration. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:4099-4117. [PMID: 34262295 PMCID: PMC8274543 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s314561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Follistatin-related gene 3 (FSTL3), an established oncogene, can modulate target gene expression via members of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily. The present study was conducted to evaluate the expression of FSTL3 in gastric cancer (GC) and to determine its prognostic significance. We also evaluated the possible mechanisms involved in the oncogenic role of FSTL3 in gastric carcinogenesis and development. Methods We obtained data from the Human Protein Atlas, MethSurv, cBioPortal, UALCAN, TIMER, GEPIA, STRING, GeneMANIA, ONCOMINE, and MEXPRESS databases and examined it using R software. RNAi was used to establish stable FSTL3-knockdown (shFSTL3) and overexpression (OE) cell strains. Western blot; enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA); and immunohistochemical (ICH), immunofluorescence, and phalloidin staining were used for examining protein expression. Cell invasion and migration were determined using transwell and scratch-wound assays. After tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) generation, co-culturing of cancer cells with TAMs was performed to confirm the relationship between FSTL3 and TAMs. Results In GC patients, FSTL3 mRNA and protein levels were upregulated. FSTL3 expression was significantly linked to cancer stage as well as to pathological tumor grade in GC. Moreover, a high expression of FSTL3 was associated with a dismal survival duration in patients with GC. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that FSTL3 overexpression could activate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by promoting F-actin expression and BMP/SMAD signaling. Finally, immunofluorescence staining confirmed that the overexpression of FSTL3 promoted the proliferation of M2 TAMs. Conclusion Taken together, our findings suggest that FSTL3 may be involved in GC progression via the promotion of BMP/SMAD signaling-mediated EMT and M2 macrophage activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Jie Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.,No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Pin Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.,No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, 215600, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.,No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Jun Nie
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.,No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Hua Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, 215600, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen-Lin Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.,No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Zou
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Barutta F, Kimura S, Hase K, Bellini S, Corbetta B, Corbelli A, Fiordaliso F, Barreca A, Papotti MG, Ghiggeri GM, Salvidio G, Roccatello D, Audrito V, Deaglio S, Gambino R, Bruno S, Camussi G, Martini M, Hirsch E, Durazzo M, Ohno H, Gruden G. Protective Role of the M-Sec-Tunneling Nanotube System in Podocytes. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:1114-1130. [PMID: 33722931 PMCID: PMC8259684 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020071076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Podocyte dysfunction and loss are major determinants in the development of proteinuria. FSGS is one of the most common causes of proteinuria, but the mechanisms leading to podocyte injury or conferring protection against FSGS remain poorly understood. The cytosolic protein M-Sec has been involved in the formation of tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), membrane channels that transiently connect cells and allow intercellular organelle transfer. Whether podocytes express M-Sec is unknown and the potential relevance of the M-Sec-TNT system in FSGS has not been explored. METHODS We studied the role of the M-Sec-TNT system in cultured podocytes exposed to Adriamycin and in BALB/c M-Sec knockout mice. We also assessed M-Sec expression in both kidney biopsies from patients with FSGS and in experimental FSGS (Adriamycin-induced nephropathy). RESULTS Podocytes can form TNTs in a M-Sec-dependent manner. Consistent with the notion that the M-Sec-TNT system is cytoprotective, podocytes overexpressed M-Sec in both human and experimental FSGS. Moreover, M-Sec deletion resulted in podocyte injury, with mitochondrial abnormalities and development of progressive FSGS. In vitro, M-Sec deletion abolished TNT-mediated mitochondria transfer between podocytes and altered mitochondrial bioenergetics. Re-expression of M-Sec reestablishes TNT formation and mitochondria exchange, rescued mitochondrial function, and partially reverted podocyte injury. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the M-Sec-TNT system plays an important protective role in the glomeruli by rescuing podocytes via mitochondrial horizontal transfer. M-Sec may represent a promising therapeutic target in FSGS, and evidence that podocytes can be rescued via TNT-mediated horizontal transfer may open new avenues of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Barutta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Shunsuke Kimura
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Hase
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stefania Bellini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Corbelli
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Pharmacological Research Mario Negri, Scientific Institute for Hospitalization and Care (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Fiordaliso
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Pharmacological Research Mario Negri, Scientific Institute for Hospitalization and Care (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Gian Marco Ghiggeri
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, Gaslini Children’s Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gennaro Salvidio
- Scientific Institute for Hospitalization and Care (IRCCS), San Martino University Hospital Clinic, Genoa, Italy
| | - Dario Roccatello
- Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases, Coordinating Center of Piemonte and Valle d’Aosta Network for Rare Diseases, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy,Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania Bruno
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Miriam Martini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marilena Durazzo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Gabriella Gruden
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang XT, Sun H, Chen NH, Yuan YH. Tunneling nanotubes: A novel pharmacological target for neurodegenerative diseases? Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105541. [PMID: 33711434 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diversiform ways of intercellular communication are vital links in maintaining homeostasis and disseminating physiological states. Among intercellular bridges, tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) discovered in 2004 were recognized as potential pharmacology targets related to the pathogenesis of common or infrequent neurodegenerative disorders. The neurotoxic aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases including scrapie prion protein (PrPSc), mutant tau protein, amyloid-beta (Aβ) protein, alpha-synuclein (α-syn) as well as mutant Huntington (mHTT) protein could promote TNT formation via certain physiological mechanisms, in turn, mediating the intercellular transmission of neurotoxicity. In this review, we described in detail the skeleton, the formation, the physicochemical properties, and the functions of TNTs, while paying particular attention to the key role of TNTs in the transport of pathological proteins during neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica& Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Hua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica& Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica& Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yu-He Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica& Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Opportunities and Challenges in Tunneling Nanotubes Research: How Far from Clinical Application? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052306. [PMID: 33669068 PMCID: PMC7956326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are recognized long membrane nanotubes connecting distance cells. In the last decade, growing evidence has shown that these subcellular structures mediate the specific transfer of cellular materials, pathogens, and electrical signals between cells. As intercellular bridges, they play a unique role in embryonic development, collective cell migration, injured cell recovery, cancer treatment resistance, and pathogen propagation. Although TNTs have been considered as potential drug targets for treatment, there is still a long way to go to translate the research findings into clinical practice. Herein, we emphasize the heterogeneous nature of TNTs by systemically summarizing the current knowledge on their morphology, structure, and biogenesis in different types of cells. Furthermore, we address the communication efficiency and biological outcomes of TNT-dependent transport related to diseases. Finally, we discuss the opportunities and challenges of TNTs as an exciting therapeutic approach by focusing on the development of efficient and safe drugs targeting TNTs.
Collapse
|
25
|
Shahar M, Szalat A, Rosen H. Pathogenic Stress Induces Human Monocyte to Express an Extracellular Web of Tunneling Nanotubes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:620734. [PMID: 33679763 PMCID: PMC7933571 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.620734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin-based tunneling nanotubes are a means of intercellular communication between remote cells. In the last decade, this type of nanotube was described in a wide variety of cell types and it became widely accepted that communication through these nanotubes is related to response to environmental changes. Few reports, however, are available regarding the expression of similar nanotubes in vivo or in primary cells. Moreover, the functional significance of this intercellular communication for health and disease is largely unknown. In this context, and as a first step in unraveling these questions, we examined the formation of similar nanotubes in primary peripheral human monocytes. To that end, we combined the use of a live cell imaging system along with advanced methods of fluorescent and scanning electron microscopy. This experimental approach reveals for the first time that the bacterial lipopolysaccharide endotoxin induces a transient expression of an unexpected abundance of actin-based tunneling nanotubes associated with vesicles. In addition, it was found that a similar response can be achieved by treating human monocytes with various bacterial and yeast membrane components, as well as with a viral component analog. In all these cases, this response is mediated by distinct complexes of toll-like receptors. Therefore, we suggest that the observed phenomena are related to a broad type of monocyte pathogen response, and raise the possibility that the phenomena described above may be involved in many clinical situations related to inflammation as a new topic of study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Shahar
- The Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Auryan Szalat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Haim Rosen
- The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhu C, Shi Y, You J. Immune Cell Connection by Tunneling Nanotubes: The Impact of Intercellular Cross-Talk on the Immune Response and Its Therapeutic Applications. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:772-786. [PMID: 33529022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Direct intercellular communication is an important prerequisite for the development of multicellular organisms, the regeneration of tissue, and the maintenance of various physiological activities. Tunnel nanotubes (TNTs), which have diameters of approximately 50-1500 nm and lengths of up to several cell diameters, can connect cells over long distances and have emerged as one of the most important recently discovered types of efficient communication between cells. Moreover, TNTs can also directly transfer organelles, vehicles, proteins, genetic material, ions, and small molecules from one cell to adjacent and even distant cells. However, the mechanism of intercellular communication between various immune cells within the complex immune system has not been fully elucidated. Studies in the past decades have confirmed the existence of TNTs in many types of cells, especially in various kinds of immune cells. TNTs display different structural and functional characteristics between and within different immunocytes, playing a major role in the transmission of signals across various kinds of immune cells. In this review, we introduce the discovery and structure of TNTs, as well as their different functional properties within different immune cells. We also discuss the roles of TNTs in potentiating the immune response and their potential therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunqi Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian You
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Alhayaza R, Haque E, Karbasiafshar C, Sellke FW, Abid MR. The Relationship Between Reactive Oxygen Species and Endothelial Cell Metabolism. Front Chem 2020; 8:592688. [PMID: 33330380 PMCID: PMC7732658 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.592688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been the leading cause of death for many decades, highlighting the importance of new research and treatments in the field. The role of hypoxia and subsequent free radical production [reactive oxygen species (ROS)] have become an area of particular interest in CVD. Interestingly, our laboratory and other laboratories have recently reported positive roles of subcellular ROS in modulating endothelial cell (EC) metabolism, proliferation, and angiogenesis. This bidirectional relationship between ROS and EC metabolism, as well as functional changes, continues to be an area of active research. Interestingly, ECs have been shown to rely on anaerobic processes for ATP generation, despite their direct access to oxygen. This paradox has proven to be beneficial as the major reliance on glycolysis produces ATP faster, preserves oxygen, and results in reduced ROS levels in contrast to oxidative phosphorylation. This review will address the relationship between ROS and carbohydrate, lipid, and nitrogen metabolism in ECs, and their effects on EC phenotype such as sprouting angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raid Alhayaza
- Alfaisal University School of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emaan Haque
- Alfaisal University School of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Catherine Karbasiafshar
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Frank W. Sellke
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, United States
| | - M. Ruhul Abid
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Filippova N, Nabors LB. ELAVL1 Role in Cell Fusion and Tunneling Membrane Nanotube Formations with Implication to Treat Glioma Heterogeneity. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3069. [PMID: 33096700 PMCID: PMC7590168 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12103069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Homotypic and heterotypic cell fusions via permanent membrane fusions and temporal tunneling nanotube formations in the glioma microenvironment were recently documented in vitro and in vivo and mediate glioma survival, plasticity, and recurrence. Chronic inflammation, a hypoxic environment, aberrant mitochondrial function, and ER stress due to unfolded protein accumulation upregulate cell fusion events, which leads to tumor heterogeneity and represents an adaptive mechanism to promote tumor cell survival and plasticity in cytotoxic, nutrient-deprived, mechanically stressed, and inflammatory microenvironments. Cell fusion is a multistep process, which consists of the activation of the cellular stress response, autophagy formation, rearrangement of cytoskeletal architecture in the areas of cell-to-cell contacts, and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and fusogenic proteins. The mRNA-binding protein of ELAV-family HuR is a critical node, which orchestrates the stress response, autophagy formation, cytoskeletal architecture, and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and fusogenic proteins. HuR is overexpressed in gliomas and is associated with poor prognosis and treatment resistance. Our review provides a link between the HuR role in the regulation of cell fusion and tunneling nanotube formations in the glioma microenvironment and the potential suppression of these processes by different classes of HuR inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Filippova
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Louis B. Nabors
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Okafo G, Valdebenito S, Donoso M, Luu R, Ajasin D, Prideaux B, Gorantla S, Eugenin EA. Role of Tunneling Nanotube-like Structures during the Early Events of HIV Infection: Novel Features of Tissue Compartmentalization and Mechanism of HIV Spread. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:2726-2741. [PMID: 33037140 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
HIV has become a chronic disease despite the effective use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, the mechanisms of tissue colonization, viral evolution, generation of viral reservoirs, and compartmentalization are still a matter of debate due to the challenges involved in examining early events of infection at the cellular and molecular level. Thus, there is still an urgent need to explore these areas to develop effective HIV cure strategies. In this study, we describe the early events of tissue colonization and compartmentalization as well as the role of tunneling nanotube-like structures during viral spread in the presence and absence of effective antiretroviral treatment. To examine these mechanisms, NOD/SCID IL-2 RG-/- humanized mice were either directly infected with HIVADA or with low numbers of HIVADA-infected leukocytes to limit tissue colonization in the presence and absence of TAK779, an effective CCR5 blocker of HIV entry. We identify that viral seeding in tissues occurs early in a tissue- and cell type-specific manner (24-72 h). Reduction in systemic HIV replication by TAK779 treatment did not affect tissue seeding or spreading, despite reduced systemic viral replication. Tissue-associated HIV-infected cells had different properties than cells in the circulation because the virus continues to spread in tissues in a tunneling nanotube-like structure-dependent manner, despite ART. Thus, understanding these mechanisms can provide new approaches to enhance the efficacy of existing ART and HIV infection cure strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Okafo
- GO Pharma Consulting Ltd., Welwyn AL6 0QT, United Kingdom
| | - Silvana Valdebenito
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555; and
| | - Maribel Donoso
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555; and
| | - Ross Luu
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555; and
| | - David Ajasin
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555; and
| | - Brendan Prideaux
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555; and
| | - Santhi Gorantla
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Eliseo A Eugenin
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555; and
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Valdebenito S, Audia A, Bhat KP, Okafo G, Eugenin EA. Tunneling Nanotubes Mediate Adaptation of Glioblastoma Cells to Temozolomide and Ionizing Radiation Treatment. iScience 2020; 23:101450. [PMID: 32882515 PMCID: PMC7476317 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent and aggressive tumor in the central nervous system. Surgical resection followed by concurrent radiotherapy (ionizing radiation [IR]) and temozolomide (TMZ) is the standard of care for GBM. However, a large subset of patients offer resistance or become adapted to TMZ due mainly to the DNA repair enzyme O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). Thus, alternative mechanisms of MGMT deregulation have been proposed but are heretofore unproven. We show that heterogeneous GBM cells express tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) upon oxidative stress and TMZ/IR treatment. We identified that MGMT protein diffused from resistant to sensitive cells upon exposure to TMZ/IR, resulting in protection against cytotoxic therapy in a TNT-dependent manner. In vivo analysis of resected GBM tumors support our hypothesis that the MGMT protein, but not its mRNA, was associated with TNT biomarkers. We propose that targeting TNT formation could be an innovative strategy to overcome treatment resistance in GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Valdebenito
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Research Building 17, Fifth Floor, 105 11th Street, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Alessandra Audia
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, M.D. Anderson, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Krishna P.L. Bhat
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, M.D. Anderson, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Eliseo A. Eugenin
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Research Building 17, Fifth Floor, 105 11th Street, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Butler LM, Perone Y, Dehairs J, Lupien LE, de Laat V, Talebi A, Loda M, Kinlaw WB, Swinnen JV. Lipids and cancer: Emerging roles in pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:245-293. [PMID: 32711004 PMCID: PMC7736102 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of effective tools to study lipids, including mass spectrometry-based lipidomics, lipids are emerging as central players in cancer biology. Lipids function as essential building blocks for membranes, serve as fuel to drive energy-demanding processes and play a key role as signaling molecules and as regulators of numerous cellular functions. Not unexpectedly, cancer cells, as well as other cell types in the tumor microenvironment, exploit various ways to acquire lipids and extensively rewire their metabolism as part of a plastic and context-dependent metabolic reprogramming that is driven by both oncogenic and environmental cues. The resulting changes in the fate and composition of lipids help cancer cells to thrive in a changing microenvironment by supporting key oncogenic functions and cancer hallmarks, including cellular energetics, promoting feedforward oncogenic signaling, resisting oxidative and other stresses, regulating intercellular communication and immune responses. Supported by the close connection between altered lipid metabolism and the pathogenic process, specific lipid profiles are emerging as unique disease biomarkers, with diagnostic, prognostic and predictive potential. Multiple preclinical studies illustrate the translational promise of exploiting lipid metabolism in cancer, and critically, have shown context dependent actionable vulnerabilities that can be rationally targeted, particularly in combinatorial approaches. Moreover, lipids themselves can be used as membrane disrupting agents or as key components of nanocarriers of various therapeutics. With a number of preclinical compounds and strategies that are approaching clinical trials, we are at the doorstep of exploiting a hitherto underappreciated hallmark of cancer and promising target in the oncologist's strategy to combat cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Butler
- Adelaide Medical School and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Ylenia Perone
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jonas Dehairs
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, KU Leuven Cancer Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leslie E Lupien
- Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 037560, USA
| | - Vincent de Laat
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, KU Leuven Cancer Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ali Talebi
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, KU Leuven Cancer Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Massimo Loda
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - William B Kinlaw
- The Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Johannes V Swinnen
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, KU Leuven Cancer Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tousignant KD, Rockstroh A, Poad BLJ, Talebi A, Young RSE, Taherian Fard A, Gupta R, Zang T, Wang C, Lehman ML, Swinnen JV, Blanksby SJ, Nelson CC, Sadowski MC. Therapy-induced lipid uptake and remodeling underpin ferroptosis hypersensitivity in prostate cancer. Cancer Metab 2020; 8:11. [PMID: 32577235 PMCID: PMC7304214 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-020-00217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic reprograming, non-mutational epigenetic changes, increased cell plasticity, and multidrug tolerance are early hallmarks of therapy resistance in cancer. In this temporary, therapy-tolerant state, cancer cells are highly sensitive to ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death that is caused by oxidative stress through excess levels of iron-dependent peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). However, mechanisms underpinning therapy-induced ferroptosis hypersensitivity remain to be elucidated. Methods We used quantitative single-cell imaging of fluorescent metabolic probes, transcriptomics, proteomics, and lipidomics to perform a longitudinal analysis of the adaptive response to androgen receptor-targeted therapies (androgen deprivation and enzalutamide) in prostate cancer (PCa). Results We discovered that cessation of cell proliferation and a robust reduction in bioenergetic processes were associated with multidrug tolerance and a strong accumulation of lipids. The gain in lipid biomass was fueled by enhanced lipid uptake through cargo non-selective (macropinocytosis, tunneling nanotubes) and cargo-selective mechanisms (lipid transporters), whereas de novo lipid synthesis was strongly reduced. Enzalutamide induced extensive lipid remodeling of all major phospholipid classes at the expense of storage lipids, leading to increased desaturation and acyl chain length of membrane lipids. The rise in membrane PUFA levels enhanced membrane fluidity and lipid peroxidation, causing hypersensitivity to glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) inhibition and ferroptosis. Combination treatments against AR and fatty acid desaturation, lipase activities, or growth medium supplementation with antioxidants or PUFAs altered GPX4 dependence. Conclusions Our work provides mechanistic insight into processes of lipid metabolism that underpin the acquisition of therapy-induced GPX4 dependence and ferroptosis hypersensitivity to standard of care therapies in PCa. It demonstrates novel strategies to suppress the therapy-tolerant state that may have potential to delay and combat resistance to androgen receptor-targeted therapies, a currently unmet clinical challenge of advanced PCa. Since enhanced GPX4 dependence is an adaptive phenotype shared by several types of cancer in response to different therapies, our work might have universal implications for our understanding of metabolic events that underpin resistance to cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaylyn D Tousignant
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anja Rockstroh
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Berwyck L J Poad
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ali Talebi
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, LKI Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Reuben S E Young
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Atefeh Taherian Fard
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rajesh Gupta
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tuo Zang
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Chenwei Wang
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Melanie L Lehman
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Johan V Swinnen
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, LKI Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephen J Blanksby
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Martin C Sadowski
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Cancer & Ageing Research Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Subramaniam S. Rhes Tunnels: A Radical New Way of Communication in the Brain's Striatum? Bioessays 2020; 42:e1900231. [PMID: 32236969 PMCID: PMC7310467 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ras homolog enriched in the striatum (Rhes) is a striatal enriched protein that promotes the formation of thin membranous tubes resembling tunneling nanotubes (TNT)-"Rhes tunnels"-that connect neighboring cell and transport cargoes: vesicles and proteins between the neuronal cells. Here the literature on TNT-like structures is reviewed, and the implications of Rhes-mediated TNT, the mechanisms of its formation, and its potential in novel cell-to-cell communication in regulating striatal biology and disease are emphasized. Thought-provoking ideas regarding how Rhes-mediated TNT, if it exists, in vivo, would radically change the way neurons communicate in the brain are discussed.
Collapse
|
34
|
Dahlem C, Siow WX, Lopatniuk M, Tse WKF, Kessler SM, Kirsch SH, Hoppstädter J, Vollmar AM, Müller R, Luzhetskyy A, Bartel K, Kiemer AK. Thioholgamide A, a New Anti-Proliferative Anti-Tumor Agent, Modulates Macrophage Polarization and Metabolism. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051288. [PMID: 32438733 PMCID: PMC7281193 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products represent powerful tools searching for novel anticancer drugs. Thioholgamide A (thioA) is a ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide, which has been identified as a product of Streptomyces sp. MUSC 136T. In this study, we provide a comprehensive biological profile of thioA, elucidating its effects on different hallmarks of cancer in tumor cells as well as in macrophages as crucial players of the tumor microenvironment. In 2D and 3D in vitro cell culture models thioA showed potent anti-proliferative activities in cancer cells at nanomolar concentrations. Anti-proliferative actions were confirmed in vivo in zebrafish embryos. Cytotoxicity was only induced at several-fold higher concentrations, as assessed by live-cell microscopy and biochemical analyses. ThioA exhibited a potent modulation of cell metabolism by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation, as determined in a live-cell metabolic assay platform. The metabolic modulation caused a repolarization of in vitro differentiated and polarized tumor-promoting human monocyte-derived macrophages: ThioA-treated macrophages showed an altered morphology and a modulated expression of genes and surface markers. Taken together, the metabolic regulator thioA revealed low activities in non-tumorigenic cells and an interesting anti-cancer profile by orchestrating different hallmarks of cancer, both in tumor cells as well as in macrophages as part of the tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Dahlem
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (C.D.); (S.M.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Wei Xiong Siow
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany; (W.X.S.); (A.M.V.); (K.B.)
| | - Maria Lopatniuk
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (M.L.); (A.L.)
| | - William K. F. Tse
- Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;
| | - Sonja M. Kessler
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (C.D.); (S.M.K.); (J.H.)
- Department of Pharmacology for Natural Sciences, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Susanne H. Kirsch
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Campus E8 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (S.H.K.); (R.M.)
| | - Jessica Hoppstädter
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (C.D.); (S.M.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Angelika M. Vollmar
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany; (W.X.S.); (A.M.V.); (K.B.)
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Campus E8 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (S.H.K.); (R.M.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Andriy Luzhetskyy
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (M.L.); (A.L.)
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Campus E8 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (S.H.K.); (R.M.)
| | - Karin Bartel
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany; (W.X.S.); (A.M.V.); (K.B.)
| | - Alexandra K. Kiemer
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (C.D.); (S.M.K.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-681-302-57301
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tunneling Nanotubes and Tumor Microtubes in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040857. [PMID: 32244839 PMCID: PMC7226329 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular communication among cancer cells and their microenvironment is crucial to disease progression. The mechanisms by which communication occurs between distant cells in a tumor matrix remain poorly understood. In the last two decades, experimental evidence from different groups proved the existence of thin membranous tubes that interconnect cells, named tunneling nanotubes, tumor microtubes, cytonemes or membrane bridges. These highly dynamic membrane protrusions are conduits for direct cell-to-cell communication, particularly for intercellular signaling and transport of cellular cargo over long distances. Tunneling nanotubes and tumor microtubes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of cancer. They may contribute to the resistance of tumor cells against treatments such as surgery, radio- and chemotherapy. In this review, we present the current knowledge about the structure and function of tunneling nanotubes and tumor microtubes in cancer and discuss the therapeutic potential of membrane tubes in cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
36
|
English K, Shepherd A, Uzor NE, Trinh R, Kavelaars A, Heijnen CJ. Astrocytes rescue neuronal health after cisplatin treatment through mitochondrial transfer. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:36. [PMID: 32197663 PMCID: PMC7082981 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00897-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, including chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment, are associated with neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction. Cisplatin, a commonly used chemotherapeutic, induces neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo and in vitro. Astrocytes are key players in supporting neuronal development, synaptogenesis, axonal growth, metabolism and, potentially mitochondrial health. We tested the hypothesis that astrocytes transfer healthy mitochondria to neurons after cisplatin treatment to restore neuronal health.We used an in vitro system in which astrocytes containing mito-mCherry-labeled mitochondria were co-cultured with primary cortical neurons damaged by cisplatin. Culture of primary cortical neurons with cisplatin reduced neuronal survival and depolarized neuronal mitochondrial membrane potential. Cisplatin induced abnormalities in neuronal calcium dynamics that were characterized by increased resting calcium levels, reduced calcium responses to stimulation with KCl, and slower calcium clearance. The same dose of cisplatin that caused neuronal damage did not affect astrocyte survival or astrocytic mitochondrial respiration. Co-culture of cisplatin-treated neurons with astrocytes increased neuronal survival, restored neuronal mitochondrial membrane potential, and normalized neuronal calcium dynamics especially in neurons that had received mitochondria from astrocytes which underlines the importance of mitochondrial transfer. These beneficial effects of astrocytes were associated with transfer of mitochondria from astrocytes to cisplatin-treated neurons. We show that siRNA-mediated knockdown of the Rho-GTPase Miro-1 in astrocytes reduced mitochondrial transfer from astrocytes to neurons and prevented the normalization of neuronal calcium dynamics.In conclusion, we showed that transfer of mitochondria from astrocytes to neurons rescues neurons from the damage induced by cisplatin treatment. Astrocytes are far more resistant to cisplatin than cortical neurons. We propose that transfer of functional mitochondria from astrocytes to neurons is an important repair mechanism to protect the vulnerable cortical neurons against the toxic effects of cisplatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krystal English
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Symptom Research, Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Andrew Shepherd
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Symptom Research, Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Ndidi-Ese Uzor
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030 USA
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Ronnie Trinh
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Symptom Research, Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Annemieke Kavelaars
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Symptom Research, Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Cobi J. Heijnen
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Symptom Research, Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kuret T, Sodin-Šemrl S, Mrak-Poljšak K, Čučnik S, Lakota K, Erman A. Interleukin-1β Induces Intracellular Serum Amyloid A1 Expression in Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells and Promotes its Intercellular Exchange. Inflammation 2020; 42:1413-1425. [PMID: 31011929 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute-phase protein with important, pathogenic role in the development of atherosclerosis. Since dysfunctional endothelium represents a key early step in atherogenesis, we aimed to determine whether induced human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) modulate SAA1/2/4 expression and influence intracellular location and intercellular transport of SAA1. HCAEC were stimulated with 1 ng/ml IL-1β, 10 ng/ml IL-6, and/or 1 μM dexamethasone for 24 h. QPCR, Western blots, ELISA, and immunofluorescent labeling were performed for detection of SAA1/2/4 mRNA and protein levels, respectively. In SAA1 transport experiments, FITC- or Cy3-labeled SAA1 were added to HCAEC separately, for 24 h, followed by a combined incubation of SAA1-FITC and SAA1-Cy3 positive cells, with IL-1β and analysis by flow cytometry. IL-1β upregulated SAA1 (119.9-fold, p < 0.01) and SAA2 (9.3-fold; p < 0.05) mRNA expression levels, while mRNA expression of SAA4 was not affected. Intracellular SAA1 was found mainly as a monomer, while SAA2 and SAA4 formed octamers as analyzed by Western blots. Within HCAEC, SAA1/2/4 located mostly to the perinuclear area and tunneling membrane nanotubes. Co-culturing of SAA1-FITC and SAA1-Cy3 positive cells for 48 h showed a significantly higher percentage of double positive cells in IL-1β-stimulated (mean ± SD; 60 ± 4%) vs. non-stimulated cells (48 ± 2%; p < 0.05). IL-1β induces SAA1 expression in HCAEC and promotes its intercellular exchange, suggesting that direct communication between cells in inflammatory conditions could ultimately lead to faster development of atherosclerosis in coronary arteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadeja Kuret
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Vodnikova 62, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Snežna Sodin-Šemrl
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Vodnikova 62, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, SI-6000, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Katjuša Mrak-Poljšak
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Vodnikova 62, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Saša Čučnik
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Vodnikova 62, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Lakota
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Vodnikova 62, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, SI-6000, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Erman
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tatenaka Y, Kato H, Ishiyama M, Sasamoto K, Shiga M, Nishitoh H, Ueno Y. Monitoring Lipid Droplet Dynamics in Living Cells by Using Fluorescent Probes. Biochemistry 2019; 58:499-503. [PMID: 30628446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b01071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have developed three types of lipid droplet (LD)-specific fluorescent probes for live-cell imaging, Lipi-Blue, Lipi-Green, and Lipi-Red, which exhibit fluorescence upon being incorporated into LDs both of living and of fixed cells. These Lipi-probes are LD-specific probes that contain a pyrene or perylene group as a fluorescent scaffold and can be used to observe dynamics of LD in live cells and also interrelations with other organelles by simultaneous staining with multiple organelle-specific probes. Additionally, Lipi-Blue and Lipi-Green allow monitoring LDs in live cells even for 48 h after the staining. Here we show that newly formed LDs and previously existed LDs can be separately monitored in a single cell by using these probes and that intercellular transfer of whole LDs is observed in KB cells, but not in HepG2 cells under the same culturing condition. These findings indicate that newly developed LD-specific probes are useful to analyze the dynamics of LDs in live cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tatenaka
- Dojindo Laboratories , Tabaru 2025-5 , Mashiki-machi , Kumamoto 861-2202 , Japan
| | - Hironori Kato
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Sciences , University of Miyazaki , 5200 Kihara Kiyotake , Miyazaki 889-1692 , Japan
| | - Munetaka Ishiyama
- Dojindo Laboratories , Tabaru 2025-5 , Mashiki-machi , Kumamoto 861-2202 , Japan
| | - Kazumi Sasamoto
- Dojindo Laboratories , Tabaru 2025-5 , Mashiki-machi , Kumamoto 861-2202 , Japan
| | - Masanobu Shiga
- Dojindo Laboratories , Tabaru 2025-5 , Mashiki-machi , Kumamoto 861-2202 , Japan
| | - Hideki Nishitoh
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Sciences , University of Miyazaki , 5200 Kihara Kiyotake , Miyazaki 889-1692 , Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ueno
- Dojindo Laboratories , Tabaru 2025-5 , Mashiki-machi , Kumamoto 861-2202 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Jash E, Prasad P, Kumar N, Sharma T, Goldman A, Sehrawat S. Perspective on nanochannels as cellular mediators in different disease conditions. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:76. [PMID: 30409198 PMCID: PMC6222982 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0281-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs), also known as membrane nanochannels, are actin-based structures that facilitate cytoplasmic connections for rapid intercellular transfer of signals, organelles and membrane components. These dynamic TNTs can form de novo in animal cells and establish complex intercellular networks between distant cells up to 150 μm apart. Within the last decade, TNTs have been discovered in different cell types including tumor cells, macrophages, monocytes, endothelial cells and T cells. It has also been further elucidated that these nanotubes play a vital role in diseased conditions such as cancer, where TNT formation occurs at a higher pace and is used for rapid intercellular modulation of chemo-resistance. Viruses such as HIV, HSV and prions also hijack the existing TNT connections between host cells for rapid transmission and evasion of the host immune responses. The following review aims to describe the heterogeneity of TNTs, their role in different tissues and disease conditions in order to enhance our understanding on how these nanotubes can be used as a target for therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eshna Jash
- Brain Metastasis and NeuroVascular Disease Modeling Lab, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NCR, India
| | - Peeyush Prasad
- Brain Metastasis and NeuroVascular Disease Modeling Lab, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NCR, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Brain Metastasis and NeuroVascular Disease Modeling Lab, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NCR, India
| | - Taruna Sharma
- Brain Metastasis and NeuroVascular Disease Modeling Lab, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NCR, India
| | - Aaron Goldman
- Mitra Biotech, Integrative Immuno-Oncology Center, Woburn, MA, 01801, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Seema Sehrawat
- Brain Metastasis and NeuroVascular Disease Modeling Lab, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NCR, India. .,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mattes B, Scholpp S. Emerging role of contact-mediated cell communication in tissue development and diseases. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 150:431-442. [PMID: 30255333 PMCID: PMC6182708 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1732-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cells of multicellular organisms are in continuous conversation with the neighbouring cells. The sender cells signal the receiver cells to influence their behaviour in transport, metabolism, motility, division, and growth. How cells communicate with each other can be categorized by biochemical signalling processes, which can be characterised by the distance between the sender cell and the receiver cell. Existing classifications describe autocrine signals as those where the sender cell is identical to the receiver cell. Complementary to this scenario, paracrine signalling describes signalling between a sender cell and a different receiver cell. Finally, juxtacrine signalling describes the exchange of information between adjacent cells by direct cell contact, whereas endocrine signalling describes the exchange of information, e.g., by hormones between distant cells or even organs through the bloodstream. In the last two decades, however, an unexpected communication mechanism has been identified which uses cell protrusions to exchange chemical signals by direct contact over long distances. These signalling protrusions can deliver signals in both ways, from sender to receiver and vice versa. We are starting to understand the morphology and function of these signalling protrusions in many tissues and this accumulation of findings forces us to revise our view of contact-dependent cell communication. In this review, we will focus on the two main categories of signalling protrusions, cytonemes and tunnelling nanotubes. These signalling protrusions emerge as essential structural components of a vibrant communication network in the development and tissue homeostasis of any multicellular organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Mattes
- Living Systems Institute, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Steffen Scholpp
- Living Systems Institute, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mittal R, Karhu E, Wang JS, Delgado S, Zukerman R, Mittal J, Jhaveri VM. Cell communication by tunneling nanotubes: Implications in disease and therapeutic applications. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1130-1146. [PMID: 30206931 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular communication is essential for the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms. Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are a recently recognized means of long and short distance communication between a wide variety of cell types. TNTs are transient filamentous membrane protrusions that connect cytoplasm of neighboring or distant cells. Cytoskeleton fiber-mediated transport of various cargoes occurs through these tubules. These cargoes range from small ions to whole organelles. TNTs have been shown to contribute not only to embryonic development and maintenance of homeostasis, but also to the spread of infectious particles and resistance to therapies. These functions in the development and progression of cancer and infectious disease have sparked increasing scrutiny of TNTs, as their contribution to disease progression lends them a promising therapeutic target. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge of TNT structure and formation as well as the role of TNTs in pathology, focusing on viral, prion, and malignant disease. We then discuss the therapeutic possibilities of TNTs in light of their varied functions. Despite recent progress in the growing field of TNT research, more studies are needed to precisely understand the role of TNTs in pathological conditions and to develop novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Elisa Karhu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Jay-Shing Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Stefanie Delgado
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ryan Zukerman
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Jeenu Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Vasanti M Jhaveri
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sun X, Zhou B, Zou C, Zhao W, Huang Q, Li N, Wang T, Mou C, Wang T, Kost AR. Stable passively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser incorporating a PbS quantum dots polystyrene composite film based saturable absorber. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:3231-3236. [PMID: 29714315 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.003231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated a passively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) using PbS quantum dots in polystyrene films (QDPFs) as saturable absorbers (SAs). Compared to other SAs, PbS QDPFs have advantages of broad absorption range, high quantum yield, low cost, and facile preparation. We have successfully generated stable Q-switched pulses with an average output power of 40.19 mW, a single pulse energy of 586.1 nJ, a repetition rate of 68.04 kHz, a pulse width of 3.9 μs, and a signal-to-noise ratio of 50.5 dB under 660 mW pump power. The output of the EDFL has been monitored for 5 consecutive hours under laboratory conditions to show stable operation of the laser system.
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhao H, Dennery PA, Yao H. Metabolic reprogramming in the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases, including BPD, COPD, and pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 314:L544-L554. [PMID: 29351437 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00521.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of nutrient substrates, including glucose, glutamine, and fatty acids, provides acetyl-CoA for the tricarboxylic acid cycle to generate energy, as well as metabolites for the biosynthesis of biomolecules, including nucleotides, proteins, and lipids. It has been shown that metabolism of glucose, fatty acid, and glutamine plays important roles in modulating cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, autophagy, senescence, and inflammatory responses. All of these cellular processes contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis. Recent studies demonstrate that metabolic reprogramming occurs in patients with and animal models of chronic lung diseases, suggesting that metabolic dysregulation may participate in the pathogenesis and progression of these diseases. In this review, we briefly discuss the catabolic pathways for glucose, glutamine, and fatty acids, and focus on how metabolic reprogramming of these pathways impacts cellular functions and leads to the development of these chronic lung diseases. We also highlight how targeting metabolic pathways can be utilized in the prevention and treatment of these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zhao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan, Shanxi , China
| | - Phyllis A Dennery
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island.,Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Hongwei Yao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Eelen G, de Zeeuw P, Treps L, Harjes U, Wong BW, Carmeliet P. Endothelial Cell Metabolism. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:3-58. [PMID: 29167330 PMCID: PMC5866357 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00001.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are more than inert blood vessel lining material. Instead, they are active players in the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) both in health and (life-threatening) diseases. Recently, a new concept arose by which EC metabolism drives angiogenesis in parallel to well-established angiogenic growth factors (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor). 6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase-3-driven glycolysis generates energy to sustain competitive behavior of the ECs at the tip of a growing vessel sprout, whereas carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a-controlled fatty acid oxidation regulates nucleotide synthesis and proliferation of ECs in the stalk of the sprout. To maintain vascular homeostasis, ECs rely on an intricate metabolic wiring characterized by intracellular compartmentalization, use metabolites for epigenetic regulation of EC subtype differentiation, crosstalk through metabolite release with other cell types, and exhibit EC subtype-specific metabolic traits. Importantly, maladaptation of EC metabolism contributes to vascular disorders, through EC dysfunction or excess angiogenesis, and presents new opportunities for anti-angiogenic strategies. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of established as well as newly uncovered aspects of EC metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guy Eelen
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pauline de Zeeuw
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lucas Treps
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ulrike Harjes
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brian W Wong
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Griessinger E, Moschoi R, Biondani G, Peyron JF. Mitochondrial Transfer in the Leukemia Microenvironment. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:828-839. [PMID: 29198439 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow microenvironment (BMME) is a complex ecosystem that instructs and protects hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their malignant counterparts, the leukemia-initiating cells (LICs). Within the physical and functional crosstalk that takes place between HSCs, LICs, and the BMME, the transfer of organelles and of mitochondria in particular is an important new intercellular communication mode in addition to adhesion molecules, tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), and the paracrine secretion of cytokines, (onco)metabolites, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this review we discuss the functional roles of mitochondrial transfer between BMME and leukemic cells, and give insights into this new mechanism of drug resistance whose understanding will open the way to innovative anticancer adjuvant treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Griessinger
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1065, Hôpital de l'Archet 2, 06204 Nice CEDEX, France.
| | - Ruxanda Moschoi
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1065, Hôpital de l'Archet 2, 06204 Nice CEDEX, France
| | - Giulia Biondani
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1065, Hôpital de l'Archet 2, 06204 Nice CEDEX, France
| | - Jean-François Peyron
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1065, Hôpital de l'Archet 2, 06204 Nice CEDEX, France.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ariazi J, Benowitz A, De Biasi V, Den Boer ML, Cherqui S, Cui H, Douillet N, Eugenin EA, Favre D, Goodman S, Gousset K, Hanein D, Israel DI, Kimura S, Kirkpatrick RB, Kuhn N, Jeong C, Lou E, Mailliard R, Maio S, Okafo G, Osswald M, Pasquier J, Polak R, Pradel G, de Rooij B, Schaeffer P, Skeberdis VA, Smith IF, Tanveer A, Volkmann N, Wu Z, Zurzolo C. Tunneling Nanotubes and Gap Junctions-Their Role in Long-Range Intercellular Communication during Development, Health, and Disease Conditions. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:333. [PMID: 29089870 PMCID: PMC5651011 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication is essential for the organization, coordination, and development of cellular networks and multi-cellular systems. Intercellular communication is mediated by soluble factors (including growth factors, neurotransmitters, and cytokines/chemokines), gap junctions, exosomes and recently described tunneling nanotubes (TNTs). It is unknown whether a combination of these communication mechanisms such as TNTs and gap junctions may be important, but further research is required. TNTs are long cytoplasmic bridges that enable long-range, directed communication between connected cells. The proposed functions of TNTs are diverse and not well understood but have been shown to include the cell-to-cell transfer of vesicles, organelles, electrical stimuli and small molecules. However, the exact role of TNTs and gap junctions for intercellular communication and their impact on disease is still uncertain and thus, the subject of much debate. The combined data from numerous laboratories indicate that some TNT mediate a long-range gap junctional communication to coordinate metabolism and signaling, in relation to infectious, genetic, metabolic, cancer, and age-related diseases. This review aims to describe the current knowledge, challenges and future perspectives to characterize and explore this new intercellular communication system and to design TNT-based therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Monique L Den Boer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Cherqui
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Haifeng Cui
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, United States
| | | | - Eliseo A Eugenin
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI), Newark, NJ, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - David Favre
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Spencer Goodman
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Karine Gousset
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Math, California State University, Fresno, CA, United States
| | - Dorit Hanein
- Bioinformatics and System Biology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Shunsuke Kimura
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Nastaran Kuhn
- Division of Cancer Biology, Physical Sciences-Oncology Network, Cancer Tissue Engineering Collaborative Research Program, Program Director, Structural Biology and Molecular Applications Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Claire Jeong
- GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, United States
| | - Emil Lou
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Robbie Mailliard
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Stephen Maio
- GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, United States
| | | | - Matthias Osswald
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Pasquier
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Ar-Rayyan, Qatar
| | - Roel Polak
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gabriele Pradel
- Division of Cellular and Applied Infection Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bob de Rooij
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Vytenis A Skeberdis
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ian F Smith
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Ahmad Tanveer
- Section of Intracellular Trafficking and Neurovirology, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Niels Volkmann
- Bioinformatics and System Biology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Zhenhua Wu
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, United States
| | - Chiara Zurzolo
- Unit of Membrane Trafficking and Pathogenesis, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Pseudorabies Virus US3-Induced Tunneling Nanotubes Contain Stabilized Microtubules, Interact with Neighboring Cells via Cadherins, and Allow Intercellular Molecular Communication. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00749-17. [PMID: 28747498 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00749-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are long bridge-like structures that connect eukaryotic cells and mediate intercellular communication. We found earlier that the conserved alphaherpesvirus US3 protein kinase induces long cell projections that contact distant cells and promote intercellular virus spread. In this report, we show that the US3-induced cell projections constitute TNTs. In addition, we report that US3-induced TNTs mediate intercellular transport of information (e.g., green fluorescent protein [GFP]) in the absence of other viral proteins. US3-induced TNTs are remarkably stable compared to most TNTs described in the literature. In line with this, US3-induced TNTs were found to contain stabilized (acetylated and detyrosinated) microtubules. Transmission electron microscopy showed that virus particles are individually transported in membrane-bound vesicles in US3-induced TNTs and are released along the TNT and at the contact area between a TNT and the adjacent cell. Contact between US3-induced TNTs and acceptor cells is very stable, which correlated with a marked enrichment in adherens junction components beta-catenin and E-cadherin at the contact area. These data provide new structural insights into US3-induced TNTs and how they may contribute to intercellular communication and alphaherpesvirus spread.IMPORTANCE Tunneling nanotubes (TNT) represent an important and yet still poorly understood mode of long-distance intercellular communication. We and others reported earlier that the conserved alphaherpesvirus US3 protein kinase induces long cellular protrusions in infected and transfected cells. Here, we show that US3-induced cell projections constitute TNTs, based on structural properties and transport of biomolecules. In addition, we report on different particular characteristics of US3-induced TNTs that help to explain their remarkable stability compared to physiological TNTs. In addition, transmission electron microscopy assays indicate that, in infected cells, virions travel in the US3-induced TNTs in membranous transport vesicles and leave the TNT via exocytosis. These data generate new fundamental insights into the biology of (US3-induced) TNTs and into how they may contribute to intercellular virus spread and communication.
Collapse
|
48
|
Nawaz M, Fatima F. Extracellular Vesicles, Tunneling Nanotubes, and Cellular Interplay: Synergies and Missing Links. Front Mol Biosci 2017; 4:50. [PMID: 28770210 PMCID: PMC5513920 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2017.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of intercellular communication seems to have been a highly conserved evolutionary process. Higher eukaryotes use several means of intercellular communication to address both the changing physiological demands of the body and to fight against diseases. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in understanding how cell-derived nanovesicles, known as extracellular vesicles (EVs), can function as normal paracrine mediators of intercellular communication, but can also elicit disease progression and may be used for innovative therapies. Over the last decade, a large body of evidence has accumulated to show that cells use cytoplasmic extensions comprising open-ended channels called tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) to connect cells at a long distance and facilitate the exchange of cytoplasmic material. TNTs are a different means of communication to classical gap junctions or cell fusions; since they are characterized by long distance bridging that transfers cytoplasmic organelles and intracellular vesicles between cells and represent the process of heteroplasmy. The role of EVs in cell communication is relatively well-understood, but how TNTs fit into this process is just emerging. The aim of this review is to describe the relationship between TNTs and EVs, and to discuss the synergies between these two crucial processes in the context of normal cellular cross-talk, physiological roles, modulation of immune responses, development of diseases, and their combinatory effects in tissue repair. At the present time this review appears to be the first summary of the implications of the overlapping roles of TNTs and EVs. We believe that a better appreciation of these parallel processes will improve our understanding on how these nanoscale conduits can be utilized as novel tools for targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Farah Fatima
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Plotnikov EY, Silachev DN, Popkov VA, Zorova LD, Pevzner IB, Zorov SD, Jankauskas SS, Babenko VA, Sukhikh GT, Zorov DB. Intercellular Signalling Cross-Talk: To Kill, To Heal and To Rejuvenate. Heart Lung Circ 2017; 26:648-659. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
50
|
Cell Connections by Tunneling Nanotubes: Effects of Mitochondrial Trafficking on Target Cell Metabolism, Homeostasis, and Response to Therapy. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:6917941. [PMID: 28659978 PMCID: PMC5474251 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6917941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Intercellular communications play a major role in tissue homeostasis and responses to external cues. Novel structures for this communication have recently been described. These tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) consist of thin-extended membrane protrusions that connect cells together. TNTs allow the cell-to-cell transfer of various cellular components, including proteins, RNAs, viruses, and organelles, such as mitochondria. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are both naturally present and recruited to many different tissues where their interaction with resident cells via secreted factors has been largely documented. Their immunosuppressive and repairing capacities constitute the basis for many current clinical trials. MSCs recruited to the tumor microenvironment also play an important role in tumor progression and resistance to therapy. MSCs are now the focus of intense scrutiny due to their capacity to form TNTs and transfer mitochondria to target cells, either in normal physiological or in pathological conditions, leading to changes in cell energy metabolism and functions, as described in this review.
Collapse
|