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Li S, Xu R, Yao Y, Rousseau D. ATAD3 is a limiting factor in mitochondrial biogenesis and adipogenesis of white adipocyte-like 3T3-L1 cells. Cell Biol Int 2024. [PMID: 38923254 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
ATAD3 is a vital ATPase of the inner mitochondrial membrane of pluri-cellular eukaryotes, with largely unknown functions but early required for organism development as necessary for mitochondrial biogenesis. ATAD3 knock-down in C. elegans inhibits at first the development of adipocyte-like intestinal tissue so we used mouse adipocyte model 3T3-L1 cells to analyze ATAD3 functions during adipogenesis and lipogenesis in a mammalian model. ATAD3 function was studied by stable and transient modulation of ATAD3 expression in adipogenesis- induced 3T3-L1 cells using Knock-Down and overexpression strategies, exploring different steps of adipocyte differentiation and lipogenesis. We show that (i) an increase in ATAD3 is preceding differentiation-induced mitochondrial biogenesis; (ii) downregulation of ATAD3 inhibits adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and impedes overexpression of many mitochondrial proteins; (iii) ATAD3 re-expression rescues the phenotype of ATAD3 KD, and (iv) differentiation and lipogenesis are accelerated by ATAD3 overexpression, but inhibited by expression of a dominant-negative mutant. We further show that the ATAD3 KD phenotype is not due to altered insulin signal but involves a limitation of mitochondrial biogenesis linked to Drp1. These results demonstrate that ATAD3 is limiting for in vitro mitochondrial biogenesis and adipogenesis/lipogenesis and therefore that ATAD3 mutation/over- or under-expression could be involved in adipogenic and lipogenic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuijie Li
- Department of Biology, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Rui Xu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology of Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology of Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Denis Rousseau
- Department of Biology, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire des Matériaux et du Génie Physique-Interfaces entre Matériaux et Matière Biologique -Institut National Polytechnique-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Unité Mixte de Recherche, Grenoble, France
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2
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Muñoz-Oreja M, Sandoval A, Bruland O, Perez-Rodriguez D, Fernandez-Pelayo U, de Arbina AL, Villar-Fernandez M, Hernández-Eguiazu H, Hernández I, Park Y, Goicoechea L, Pascual-Frías N, Garcia-Ruiz C, Fernandez-Checa J, Martí-Carrera I, Gil-Bea FJ, Hasan MT, Gegg ME, Bredrup C, Knappskog PM, Gereñu-Lopetegui G, Varhaug KN, Bindoff LA, Spinazzola A, Yoon WH, Holt IJ. Elevated cholesterol in ATAD3 mutants is a compensatory mechanism that leads to membrane cholesterol aggregation. Brain 2024; 147:1899-1913. [PMID: 38242545 PMCID: PMC11068212 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrant cholesterol metabolism causes neurological disease and neurodegeneration, and mitochondria have been linked to perturbed cholesterol homeostasis via the study of pathological mutations in the ATAD3 gene cluster. However, whether the cholesterol changes were compensatory or contributory to the disorder was unclear, and the effects on cell membranes and the wider cell were also unknown. Using patient-derived cells, we show that cholesterol perturbation is a conserved feature of pathological ATAD3 variants that is accompanied by an expanded lysosome population containing membrane whorls characteristic of lysosomal storage diseases. Lysosomes are also more numerous in Drosophila neural progenitor cells expressing mutant Atad3, which exhibit abundant membrane-bound cholesterol aggregates, many of which co-localize with lysosomes. By subjecting the Drosophila Atad3 mutant to nutrient restriction and cholesterol supplementation, we show that the mutant displays heightened cholesterol dependence. Collectively, these findings suggest that elevated cholesterol enhances tolerance to pathological ATAD3 variants; however, this comes at the cost of inducing cholesterol aggregation in membranes, which lysosomal clearance only partly mitigates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Muñoz-Oreja
- Department of Neurosciences, Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
- University of the Basque Country—Bizkaia Campus, 48940 Bilbao, Spain
- CIBERNED (Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Institute Carlos III), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Abigail Sandoval
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Ove Bruland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway
| | - Diego Perez-Rodriguez
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Uxoa Fernandez-Pelayo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Amaia Lopez de Arbina
- Department of Neurosciences, Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Marina Villar-Fernandez
- Department of Neurosciences, Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Ixiar Hernández
- University of the Basque Country—Bizkaia Campus, 48940 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Yohan Park
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Leire Goicoechea
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic i Provincial de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBEREHD), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nerea Pascual-Frías
- Department of Neurosciences, Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Carmen Garcia-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic i Provincial de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBEREHD), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Fernandez-Checa
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic i Provincial de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBEREHD), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Research Center for ALPD, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Itxaso Martí-Carrera
- Department of Neurosciences, Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
- University of the Basque Country—Bizkaia Campus, 48940 Bilbao, Spain
- CIBERNED (Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Institute Carlos III), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - Mazahir T Hasan
- Laboratory of Brain Circuits Therapeutics, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, E-48940 Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Matthew E Gegg
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Cecilie Bredrup
- Department of Ophthalmology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway
| | | | - Gorka Gereñu-Lopetegui
- Department of Neurosciences, Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
- University of the Basque Country—Bizkaia Campus, 48940 Bilbao, Spain
- CIBERNED (Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Institute Carlos III), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Kristin N Varhaug
- Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway
| | - Laurence A Bindoff
- Department of Ophthalmology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway
| | - Antonella Spinazzola
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Wan Hee Yoon
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Ian J Holt
- Department of Neurosciences, Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
- University of the Basque Country—Bizkaia Campus, 48940 Bilbao, Spain
- CIBERNED (Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Institute Carlos III), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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3
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Liang Y, Deng MG, Jian Q, Liu M, Fang K, Chen S. Maternal history of Alzheimer's disease predisposes to altered serum cholesterol levels in adult offspring. J Neurochem 2024; 168:303-311. [PMID: 38316937 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Controversial findings regarding the association between serum cholesterol levels and Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been identified through observational studies. The genetic basis shared by both factors and the causality between them remain largely unknown. The objective of this study is to examine the causal impact of maternal history of AD on changes in serum cholesterol levels in adult offspring. By retrieving genetic variants from summary statistics of large-scale genome-wide association study of maternal history of AD (European-based: Ncase = 27 696, Ncontrol = 260 980). The causal association between genetically predicted maternal history of AD and changes in serum cholesterol levels in adult offspring was examined using the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method. Causal impact estimates were calculated using single-nucleotide polymorphisms in both univariable MR (UMR) and multivariable MR (MVMR) analyses. Additionally, other approaches, such as Cochran's Q test and leave-one-out variant analysis, were employed to correct for potential biases. The results of UMR presented that genetically predicted maternal history of AD was positively associated with hypercholesterolemia (OR = 1.014; 95% CI: 1.009-1.018; p < 0.001), total cholesterol (OR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.134-1.466; p < 0.001) and low-density lipoprotein (OR = 1.525; 95% CI: 1.272-1.828; p < 0.001) among adult offspring. Genetic predisposition for maternal history of AD to be negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein (OR = 0.889; 95% CI: 0.861-0.917; p < 0.001). The MVMR analysis remained robust and significant after adjusting for diabetes and obesity in offspring. Sufficient evidence was provided in this study to support the putative causal impact of maternal history of AD on the change of serum cholesterol profile in adult offspring. In clinical practice, priority should be given to the detection and monitoring of cholesterol levels in individuals with a maternal history of AD, particularly in the early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehui Liang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming-Gang Deng
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Centre, Wuhan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinghong Jian
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Mingwei Liu
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Julius Global Health, The Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kui Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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4
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Caicedo A, Benavides-Almeida A, Haro-Vinueza A, Peña-Cisneros J, Pérez-Meza ÁA, Michelson J, Peñaherrera S, Picard M. Decoding the nature and complexity of extracellular mtDNA: Types and implications for health and disease. Mitochondrion 2024; 75:101848. [PMID: 38246335 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is replicated and canonically functions within intracellular mitochondria, but recent discoveries reveal that the mtDNA has another exciting extracellular life. mtDNA fragments and mitochondria-containing vesicular structures are detected at high concentrations in cell-free forms, in different biofluids. Commonly referred to as cell-free mtDNA (cf-mtDNA), the field is currently without a comprehensive classification system that acknowledges the various biological forms of mtDNA and whole mitochondria existing outside the cell. This absence of classification hampers the creation of precise and consistent quantification methods across different laboratories, which is crucial for unraveling the molecular and biological characteristics of mtDNA. In this article, we integrate recent findings to propose a classification for different types of Extracellular mtDNA [ex-mtDNA]. The major biologically distinct types include: Naked mtDNA [N-mtDNA], mtDNA within non-mitochondrial Membranes [M-mtDNA], Extracellular mitochondria [exM-mtDNA], and mtDNA within Mitochondria enclosed in a Membrane [MM-mtDNA]. We outline the challenges associated with accurately quantifying these ex-mtDNA types, suggest potential physiological roles for each ex-mtDNA type, and explore how this classification could establish a foundation for future research endeavors and further analysis and definitions for ex-mtDNA. By proposing this classification of circulating mtDNA forms, we draw a parallel with the clinically recognized forms of cholesterol, such as HDL and LDL, to illustrate potential future significance in a similar manner. While not directly analogous, these mtDNA forms may one day be as biologically relevant in clinical interpretation as cholesterol fractions are currently. We also discuss how advancing methodologies to reliably quantify distinct ex-mtDNA forms could significantly enhance their utility as health or disease biomarkers, and how their application may offer innovative therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Caicedo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Sistemas Médicos SIME, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Abigail Benavides-Almeida
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Alissen Haro-Vinueza
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Biología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - José Peña-Cisneros
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Álvaro A Pérez-Meza
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jeremy Michelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sebastian Peñaherrera
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Robert N Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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5
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Ilamathi HS, Germain M. ER-mitochondria contact sites in mitochondrial DNA dynamics, maintenance, and distribution. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 166:106492. [PMID: 37931682 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are central cellular metabolic hubs. Their function requires proteins encoded by nuclear DNA, but also mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) whose maintenance is essential for the proper function of the organelle. Defective mtDNA maintenance and distribution are associated with mitochondrial diseases. mtDNA is organized into nucleo-protein complexes called nucleoids that dynamically move along the mitochondrial network and interact with each other. mtDNA replication and nucleoid distribution is an active process regulated by the complex interplay of mitochondrial dynamics, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria contact sites, and cytoskeletal networks. For example, defects in mitochondrial fusion and fission or ER-mitochondria contact sites affect nucleoid maintenance and distribution. In this review, we discuss the process of nucleoid dynamics and the factors regulating nucleoid maintenance and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema Saranya Ilamathi
- Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire and Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada; Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Réseau Intersectoriel de Recherche en Santé de l'Université du Québec (RISUQ), Canada.
| | - Marc Germain
- Groupe de Recherche en Signalisation Cellulaire and Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada; Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Réseau Intersectoriel de Recherche en Santé de l'Université du Québec (RISUQ), Canada
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6
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Peng Y, Liu X, Liu X, Cheng X, Xia L, Qin L, Guan S, Wang Y, Wu X, Wu J, Yan D, Liu J, Zhang Y, Sun L, Liang J, Shang Y. RCCD1 promotes breast carcinogenesis through regulating hypoxia-associated mitochondrial homeostasis. Oncogene 2023; 42:3684-3697. [PMID: 37903896 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Regulator of chromosome condensation domain-containing protein 1 (RCCD1), previously reported as a partner of histone H3K36 demethylase KDM8 involved in chromosome segregation, has been identified as a potential driver for breast cancer in a recent transcriptome-wide association study. We report here that, unexpectedly, RCCD1 is also localized in mitochondria. We show that RCCD1 resides in the mitochondrial matrix, where it interacts with the mitochondrial contact site/cristae organizing system (MICOS) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to regulate mtDNA transcription, oxidative phosphorylation, and the production of reactive oxygen species. Interestingly, RCCD1 is upregulated under hypoxic conditions, leading to decreased generation of reactive oxygen species and alleviated apoptosis favoring cancer cell survival. We show that RCCD1 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro and accelerates breast tumor growth in vivo. Indeed, RCCD1 is overexpressed in breast carcinomas, and its level of expression is associated with aggressive breast cancer phenotypes and poor patient survival. Our study reveals an additional dimension of RCCD1 functionality in regulating mitochondrial homeostasis, whose dysregulation inflicts pathologic states such as breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Leyi Qin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Sudun Guan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodi Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajing Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Jianying Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Luyang Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongfeng Shang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China.
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7
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Potter A, Hangas A, Goffart S, Huynen MA, Cabrera-Orefice A, Spelbrink JN. Uncharacterized protein C17orf80 - a novel interactor of human mitochondrial nucleoids. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260822. [PMID: 37401363 PMCID: PMC10445727 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular functions of many human proteins remain unstudied, despite the demonstrated association with diseases or pivotal molecular structures, such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). This small genome is crucial for the proper functioning of mitochondria, the energy-converting organelles. In mammals, mtDNA is arranged into macromolecular complexes called nucleoids that serve as functional stations for its maintenance and expression. Here, we aimed to explore an uncharacterized protein C17orf80, which was previously detected close to the nucleoid components by proximity labelling mass spectrometry. To investigate the subcellular localization and function of C17orf80, we took advantage of immunofluorescence microscopy, interaction proteomics and several biochemical assays. We demonstrate that C17orf80 is a mitochondrial membrane-associated protein that interacts with nucleoids even when mtDNA replication is inhibited. In addition, we show that C17orf80 is not essential for mtDNA maintenance and mitochondrial gene expression in cultured human cells. These results provide a basis for uncovering the molecular function of C17orf80 and the nature of its association with nucleoids, possibly leading to new insights about mtDNA and its expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Potter
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (RCMM), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Anu Hangas
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, 80101, Finland
| | - Steffi Goffart
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, 80101, Finland
| | - Martijn A. Huynen
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Alfredo Cabrera-Orefice
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (RCMM), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes N. Spelbrink
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (RCMM), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
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8
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Abstract
According to the endosymbiotic theory, most of the DNA of the original bacterial endosymbiont has been lost or transferred to the nucleus, leaving a much smaller (∼16 kb in mammals), circular molecule that is the present-day mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The ability of mtDNA to escape mitochondria and integrate into the nuclear genome was discovered in budding yeast, along with genes that regulate this process. Mitochondria have emerged as key regulators of innate immunity, and it is now recognized that mtDNA released into the cytoplasm, outside of the cell, or into circulation activates multiple innate immune signaling pathways. Here, we first review the mechanisms through which mtDNA is released into the cytoplasm, including several inducible mitochondrial pores and defective mitophagy or autophagy. Next, we cover how the different forms of released mtDNA activate specific innate immune nucleic acid sensors and inflammasomes. Finally, we discuss how intracellular and extracellular mtDNA release, including circulating cell-free mtDNA that promotes systemic inflammation, are implicated in human diseases, bacterial and viral infections, senescence and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Newman
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA;
| | - Gerald S Shadel
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA;
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9
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Rajasekaran S, Ramaian Santhaseela A, Ragunathan S, Venkataraman S, Jayavelu T. Altered Lysosomal Function Manipulates Cellular Biosynthetic Capacity By Remodeling Intracellular Cholesterol Distribution. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023; 81:29-38. [PMID: 36459362 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-022-01123-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are known to influence cholesterol trafficking into endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes. Though intracellular cholesterol levels are known to influence the lipid biosynthetic responses in ER, the specific effects of lysosomal modulation on these outcomes is not known. To demonstrate this, C2C12 cells were treated with chloroquine, a lysosomotropic agent, and its effects on cellular biosynthetic capacity, structural and functional status of ER was determined. In addition to its known effects on autophagy reduction, chloroquine treatment induced accumulation of total cellular lipid and ER-specific cholesterol content. It was also observed that chloroquine caused an increase in smooth-ER content with defects in overall protein turnover. Further, since ER and mitochondria function in close association through ER membrane contact sites, it is likely that lysosomal modulation also brings about associated changes in mitochondria. In this regard, we found that chloroquine reduces mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial dynamics. Collectively, the differential biosynthetic response of rise in lipid content, but not protein content, cannot be accounted by merely considering that chloroquine induced suppression of autophagy causes defects in organelle function. In this defective autophagy scenario, both biosynthetic responses such as lipid and protein synthesis are expected to be reduced rather than only the latter, as observed with chloroquine. These findings suggest that cholesterol trafficking/distribution within cellular organelles could act as an intracellular mediator of differential biosynthetic remodelling in interconnected organelles.
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10
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Cholesterol Redistribution in Pancreatic β-Cells: A Flexible Path to Regulate Insulin Secretion. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020224. [PMID: 36830593 PMCID: PMC9953638 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells, by secreting insulin, play a key role in the control of glucose homeostasis, and their dysfunction is the basis of diabetes development. The metabolic milieu created by high blood glucose and lipids is known to play a role in this process. In the last decades, cholesterol has attracted significant attention, not only because it critically controls β-cell function but also because it is the target of lipid-lowering therapies proposed for preventing the cardiovascular complications in diabetes. Despite the remarkable progress, understanding the molecular mechanisms responsible for cholesterol-mediated β-cell function remains an open and attractive area of investigation. Studies indicate that β-cells not only regulate the total cholesterol level but also its redistribution within organelles, a process mediated by vesicular and non-vesicular transport. The aim of this review is to summarize the most current view of how cholesterol homeostasis is maintained in pancreatic β-cells and to provide new insights on the mechanisms by which cholesterol is dynamically distributed among organelles to preserve their functionality. While cholesterol may affect virtually any activity of the β-cell, the intent of this review is to focus on early steps of insulin synthesis and secretion, an area still largely unexplored.
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11
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Lee H, Kim DW. Deletion of ATAD3A inhibits osteogenesis by impairing mitochondria structure and function in pre-osteoblast. Dev Dyn 2022; 251:1982-2000. [PMID: 36000457 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ATPase family AAA-domain containing protein 3A (ATAD3A) is a nuclear encoded mitochondrial membrane protein that spans inner and outer membrane, and it has been shown to regulate mitochondrial dynamics and cholesterol metabolism. Since the mitochondrial functions have been implicated for osteogenic differentiation, a role of ATAD3A in skeletal development has been investigated. RESULTS Mesenchyme-specific ATAD3 knockout mice displayed severe defects in skeletal development. Additionally, osteoblast-specific deletion of ATAD3 in mice caused significant reduction in bone mass, while cartilage-specific ATAD3 knockout mice did not show any significant phenotypes. Consistent with these in vivo findings, ATAD3A knockdown impaired mitochondrial morphology and function in calvarial pre-osteoblast cultures, which, in turn, suppressed osteogenic differentiation in vitro. CONCLUSIONS The current findings suggest that ATAD3A plays a crucial role in mitochondria homeostasis, which is required for osteogenic differentiation during skeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeri Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Hammoudi Halat D, Younes S, Mourad N, Rahal M. Allylamines, Benzylamines, and Fungal Cell Permeability: A Review of Mechanistic Effects and Usefulness against Fungal Pathogens. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12121171. [PMID: 36557078 PMCID: PMC9781035 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Allylamines, naftifine and terbinafine, and the benzylamine, butenafine, are antifungal agents with activity on the fungal cell membrane. These synthetic compounds specifically inhibit squalene epoxidase, a key enzyme in fungal sterol biosynthesis. This results in a deficiency in ergosterol, a major fungal membrane sterol that regulates membrane fluidity, biogenesis, and functions, and whose damage results in increased membrane permeability and leakage of cellular components, ultimately leading to fungal cell death. With the fungal cell membrane being predominantly made up of lipids including sterols, these lipids have a vital role in the pathogenesis of fungal infections and the identification of improved therapies. This review will focus on the fungal cell membrane structure, activity of allylamines and benzylamines, and the mechanistic damage they cause to the membrane. Furthermore, pharmaceutical preparations and clinical uses of these drugs, mainly in dermatophyte infections, will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalal Hammoudi Halat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Bekaa 146404, Lebanon
| | - Samar Younes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Bekaa 146404, Lebanon
| | - Nisreen Mourad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Bekaa 146404, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad Rahal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Bekaa 146404, Lebanon
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13
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Mitochondrial nucleoid trafficking regulated by the inner-membrane AAA-ATPase ATAD3A modulates respiratory complex formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2210730119. [PMID: 36383603 PMCID: PMC9704698 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2210730119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria have their own DNA (mtDNA), which encodes essential respiratory subunits. Under live imaging, mitochondrial nucleoids, composed of several copies of mtDNA and DNA-binding proteins, such as mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), actively move inside mitochondria and change the morphology, in concert with mitochondrial membrane fission. Here we found the mitochondrial inner membrane-anchored AAA-ATPase protein ATAD3A mediates the nucleoid dynamics. Its ATPase domain exposed to the matrix binds directly to TFAM and mediates nucleoid trafficking along mitochondria by ATP hydrolysis. Nucleoid trafficking also required ATAD3A oligomerization via an interaction between the coiled-coil domains in intermembrane space. In ATAD3A deficiency, impaired nucleoid trafficking repressed the clustered and enlarged nucleoids observed in mitochondrial fission-deficient cells resulted in dispersed distribution of small nucleoids observed throughout the mitochondrial network, and this enhanced respiratory complex formation. Thus, mitochondrial fission and nucleoid trafficking cooperatively determine the size, number, and distribution of nucleoids in mitochondrial network, which should modulate respiratory complex formation.
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14
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Fundamental roles for inter-organelle communication in aging. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1389-1402. [PMID: 36305642 PMCID: PMC9704535 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Advances in public health have nearly doubled life expectancy over the last century, but this demographic shift has also changed the landscape of human illness. Today, chronic and age-dependent diseases dominate the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Targeting the underlying molecular, genetic and cell biological drivers of the aging process itself appears to be an increasingly viable strategy for developing therapeutics against these diseases of aging. Towards this end, one of the most exciting developments in cell biology over the last decade is the explosion of research into organelle contact sites and related mechanisms of inter-organelle communication. Identification of the molecular mediators of inter-organelle tethering and signaling is now allowing the field to investigate the consequences of aberrant organelle interactions, which frequently seem to correlate with age-onset pathophysiology. This review introduces the major cellular roles for inter-organelle interactions, including the regulation of organelle morphology, the transfer of ions, lipids and other metabolites, and the formation of hubs for nutrient and stress signaling. We explore how these interactions are disrupted in aging and present findings that modulation of inter-organelle communication is a promising avenue for promoting longevity. Through this review, we propose that the maintenance of inter-organelle interactions is a pillar of healthy aging. Learning how to target the cellular mechanisms for sensing and controlling inter-organelle communication is a key next hurdle for geroscience.
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15
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Riccio AA, Bouvette J, Longley MJ, Krahn JM, Borgnia MJ, Copeland WC. Method for the structural analysis of Twinkle mitochondrial DNA helicase by cryo-EM. Methods 2022; 205:263-270. [PMID: 35779765 PMCID: PMC9398961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial replisome replicates the 16.6 kb mitochondria DNA (mtDNA). The proper functioning of this multicomponent protein complex is vital for the integrity of the mitochondrial genome. One of the critical protein components of the mitochondrial replisome is the Twinkle helicase, a member of the Superfamily 4 (SF4) helicases. Decades of research has uncovered common themes among SF4 helicases including self-assembly, ATP-dependent translocation, and formation of protein-protein complexes. Some of the molecular details of these processes are still unknown for the mitochondria SF4 helicase, Twinkle. Here, we describe a protocol for expression, purification, and single-particle cryo-electron microscopy of the Twinkle helicase clinical variant, W315L, which resulted in the first high-resolution structure of Twinkle helicase. The methods described here serve as an adaptable protocol to support future high-resolution studies of Twinkle helicase or other SF4 helicases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda A Riccio
- Mitochondrial DNA Replication Group, Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Jonathan Bouvette
- Molecular Microscopy Consortium, Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Matthew J Longley
- Mitochondrial DNA Replication Group, Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Juno M Krahn
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Mario J Borgnia
- Molecular Microscopy Consortium, Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - William C Copeland
- Mitochondrial DNA Replication Group, Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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16
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Almannai M, Salah A, El-Hattab AW. Mitochondrial Membranes and Mitochondrial Genome: Interactions and Clinical Syndromes. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12060625. [PMID: 35736332 PMCID: PMC9229594 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12060625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are surrounded by two membranes; the outer mitochondrial membrane and the inner mitochondrial membrane. They are unique organelles since they have their own DNA, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which is replicated continuously. Mitochondrial membranes have direct interaction with mtDNA and are therefore involved in organization of the mitochondrial genome. They also play essential roles in mitochondrial dynamics and the supply of nucleotides for mtDNA synthesis. In this review, we will discuss how the mitochondrial membranes interact with mtDNA and how this interaction is essential for mtDNA maintenance. We will review different mtDNA maintenance disorders that result from defects in this crucial interaction. Finally, we will review therapeutic approaches relevant to defects in mitochondrial membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Almannai
- Genetics and Precision Medicine Department, King Abdullah Specialized Children Hospital, Riyadh P.O. Box 22490, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Azza Salah
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 72772, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Ayman W. El-Hattab
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 72772, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Genetics and Metabolic Department, KidsHeart Medical Center, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 505193, United Arab Emirates
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17
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Chen L, Li Y, Sottas C, Lazaris A, Petrillo SK, Metrakos P, Li L, Ishida Y, Saito T, Garza S, Papadopoulos V. Loss of mitochondrial ATPase ATAD3A contributes to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through accumulation of lipids and damaged mitochondria. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102008. [PMID: 35513069 PMCID: PMC9157002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial ATPase ATAD3A is essential for cholesterol transport, mitochondrial structure, and cell survival. However, the relationship between ATAD3A and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is largely unknown. In this study, we found that ATAD3A was upregulated in the progression of NAFLD in livers from rats with diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and in human livers from patients diagnosed with NAFLD. We used CRISPR-Cas9 to delete ATAD3A in Huh7 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and used RNAi to silence ATAD3A expression in human hepatocytes isolated from humanized liver-chimeric mice to assess the influence of ATAD3A deletion on liver cells with free cholesterol (FC) overload induced by treatment with cholesterol plus 58035, an inhibitor of acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase. Our results showed that ATAD3A KO exacerbated FC accumulation under FC overload in Huh7 cells and also that triglyceride levels were significantly increased in ATAD3A KO Huh7 cells following inhibition of lipolysis mediated by upregulation of lipid droplet-binding protein perilipin-2. Moreover, loss of ATAD3A upregulated autophagosome-associated light chain 3-II protein and p62 in Huh7 cells and fresh human hepatocytes through blockage of autophagosome degradation. Finally, we show the mitophagy mediator, PTEN-induced kinase 1, was downregulated in ATAD3A KO Huh7 cells, suggesting that ATAD3A KO inhibits mitophagy. These results also showed that loss of ATAD3A impaired mitochondrial basal respiration and ATP production in Huh7 cells under FC overload, accompanied by downregulation of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Taken together, we conclude that loss of ATAD3A promotes the progression of NAFLD through the accumulation of FC, triglyceride, and damaged mitochondria in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yuchang Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chantal Sottas
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anthoula Lazaris
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stephanie K Petrillo
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter Metrakos
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yuji Ishida
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Research & Development Department, PhoenixBio, Co, Ltd, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; University of Southern California Research Center for Liver Diseases, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Samuel Garza
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Vassilios Papadopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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18
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Jain A, Zoncu R. Organelle transporters and inter-organelle communication as drivers of metabolic regulation and cellular homeostasis. Mol Metab 2022; 60:101481. [PMID: 35342037 PMCID: PMC9043965 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spatial compartmentalization of metabolic pathways within membrane-separated organelles is key to the ability of eukaryotic cells to precisely regulate their biochemical functions. Membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomes enable the concentration of metabolic precursors within optimized chemical environments, greatly accelerating the efficiency of both anabolic and catabolic reactions, enabling division of labor and optimal utilization of resources. However, metabolic compartmentalization also poses a challenge to cells because it creates spatial discontinuities that must be bridged for reaction cascades to be connected and completed. To do so, cells employ different methods to coordinate metabolic fluxes occurring in different organelles, such as membrane-localized transporters to facilitate regulated metabolite exchange between mitochondria and lysosomes, non-vesicular transport pathways via physical contact sites connecting the ER with both mitochondria and lysosomes, as well as localized regulatory signaling processes that coordinately regulate the activity of all these organelles. Scope of review This review covers how cells use membrane transporters, membrane contact sites, and localized signaling pathways to mediate inter-organelle communication and coordinate metabolism. We also describe how disruption of inter-organelle communication is an emerging driver in a multitude of diseases, from cancer to neurodegeneration. Major conclusions Effective communication among organelles is essential to cellular health and function. Identifying the major molecular players involved in mediating metabolic coordination between organelles will further our understanding of cellular metabolism in health and lead us to design better therapeutics against dysregulated metabolism in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakriti Jain
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Roberto Zoncu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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19
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Yang Z, Wang L, Yang C, Pu S, Guo Z, Wu Q, Zhou Z, Zhao H. Mitochondrial Membrane Remodeling. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:786806. [PMID: 35059386 PMCID: PMC8763711 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.786806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key regulators of many important cellular processes and their dysfunction has been implicated in a large number of human disorders. Importantly, mitochondrial function is tightly linked to their ultrastructure, which possesses an intricate membrane architecture defining specific submitochondrial compartments. In particular, the mitochondrial inner membrane is highly folded into membrane invaginations that are essential for oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, mitochondrial membranes are highly dynamic and undergo constant membrane remodeling during mitochondrial fusion and fission. It has remained enigmatic how these membrane curvatures are generated and maintained, and specific factors involved in these processes are largely unknown. This review focuses on the current understanding of the molecular mechanism of mitochondrial membrane architectural organization and factors critical for mitochondrial morphogenesis, as well as their functional link to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyun Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Liang Wang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Shiming Pu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Ziqi Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Zuping Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.,Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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20
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So M, Stiban J, Ciesielski GL, Hovde SL, Kaguni LS. Implications of Membrane Binding by the Fe-S Cluster-Containing N-Terminal Domain in the Drosophila Mitochondrial Replicative DNA Helicase. Front Genet 2021; 12:790521. [PMID: 34950192 PMCID: PMC8688847 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.790521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that iron-sulfur clusters (ISCs) in DNA replicative proteins sense DNA-mediated charge transfer to modulate nuclear DNA replication. In the mitochondrial DNA replisome, only the replicative DNA helicase (mtDNA helicase) from Drosophila melanogaster (Dm) has been shown to contain an ISC in its N-terminal, primase-like domain (NTD). In this report, we confirm the presence of the ISC and demonstrate the importance of a metal cofactor in the structural stability of the Dm mtDNA helicase. Further, we show that the NTD also serves a role in membrane binding. We demonstrate that the NTD binds to asolectin liposomes, which mimic phospholipid membranes, through electrostatic interactions. Notably, membrane binding is more specific with increasing cardiolipin content, which is characteristically high in the mitochondrial inner membrane (MIM). We suggest that the N-terminal domain of the mtDNA helicase interacts with the MIM to recruit mtDNA and initiate mtDNA replication. Furthermore, Dm NUBPL, the known ISC donor for respiratory complex I and a putative donor for Dm mtDNA helicase, was identified as a peripheral membrane protein that is likely to execute membrane-mediated ISC delivery to its target proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyoung So
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Mitochondrial Science and Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Johnny Stiban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Mitochondrial Science and Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Palestine
| | - Grzegorz L Ciesielski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Mitochondrial Science and Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Chemistry, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL, United States
| | - Stacy L Hovde
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Mitochondrial Science and Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Laurie S Kaguni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Mitochondrial Science and Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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21
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Arguello T, Peralta S, Antonicka H, Gaidosh G, Diaz F, Tu YT, Garcia S, Shiekhattar R, Barrientos A, Moraes CT. ATAD3A has a scaffolding role regulating mitochondria inner membrane structure and protein assembly. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110139. [PMID: 34936866 PMCID: PMC8785211 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATPase Family AAA Domain Containing 3A (ATAD3A), is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein conserved in metazoans. ATAD3A has been associated with several mitochondrial functions, including nucleoid organization, cholesterol metabolism, and mitochondrial translation. To address its primary role, we generated a neuronal-specific conditional knockout (Atad3 nKO) mouse model, which developed a severe encephalopathy by 5 months of age. Pre-symptomatic mice showed aberrant mitochondrial cristae morphogenesis in the cortex as early as 2 months. Using a multi-omics approach in the CNS of 2-to-3-month-old mice, we found early alterations in the organelle membrane structure. We also show that human ATAD3A associates with different components of the inner membrane, including OXPHOS complex I, Letm1, and prohibitin complexes. Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM) shows that ATAD3A is regularly distributed along the inner mitochondrial membrane, suggesting a critical structural role in inner mitochondrial membrane and its organization, most likely in an ATPase-dependent manner. Arguello et al. show that deletion of the mitochondrial protein ATAD3 in neurons leads to neuronal loss and death. The earliest phenotype is disruption of the mitochondrial inner membrane structure; OXPHOS complexes are affected later. ATAD3 is regularly spaced and has several interactors at the inner membrane, including CI subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Arguello
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Susana Peralta
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Hana Antonicka
- Department of Human Genetics and Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Gabriel Gaidosh
- Department of Human Genetics, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Francisca Diaz
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ya-Ting Tu
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sofia Garcia
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ramin Shiekhattar
- Department of Human Genetics, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Antonio Barrientos
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Carlos T Moraes
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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22
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Kim M, Schulz V, Brings L, Schoeller T, Kühn K, Vierling E. mTERF18 and ATAD3 are required for mitochondrial nucleoid structure and their disruption confers heat tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:2026-2042. [PMID: 34482561 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play critical roles in generating ATP through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and produce both damaging and signaling reactive oxygen species (ROS). They have reduced genomes that encode essential subunits of the OXPHOS machinery. Mitochondrial Transcription tERmination Factor-related (mTERF) proteins are involved in organelle gene expression, interacting with organellar DNA or RNA. We previously found that mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana mTERF18/SHOT1 enable plants to better tolerate heat and oxidative stresses, presumably due to low ROS production and reduced oxidative damage. Here we discover that shot1 mutants have greatly reduced OXPHOS complexes I and IV and reveal that suppressor of hot1-4 1 (SHOT1) binds DNA and localizes to mitochondrial nucleoids, which are disrupted in shot1. Furthermore, three homologues of animal ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 3 (ATAD3), which is involved in mitochondrial nucleoid organization, were identified as SHOT1-interacting proteins. Importantly, disrupting ATAD3 function disrupts nucleoids, reduces accumulation of complex I, and enhances heat tolerance, as is seen in shot1 mutants. Our data link nucleoid organization to OXPHOS biogenesis and suggest that the common defects in shot1 mutants and ATAD3-disrupted plants lead to critical changes in mitochondrial metabolism and signaling that result in plant heat tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsoo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Vincent Schulz
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lea Brings
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099, Berlin, Germany
| | - Theresa Schoeller
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kristina Kühn
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Elizabeth Vierling
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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23
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Aasumets K, Basikhina Y, Pohjoismäki JL, Goffart S, Gerhold J. TFAM knockdown-triggered mtDNA-nucleoid aggregation and a decrease in mtDNA copy number induce the reorganization of nucleoid populations and mitochondria-associated ER-membrane contacts. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 28:101142. [PMID: 34622037 PMCID: PMC8479621 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The correct organization of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in nucleoids and the contacts of mitochondria with the ER play an important role in maintaining the mitochondrial genome distribution within the cell. Mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs) consist of interacting proteins and lipids located in the outer mitochondrial membrane and ER membrane, forming a platform for the mitochondrial inner membrane-associated genome replication factory as well as connecting the nucleoids with the mitochondrial division machinery. We show here that knockdown of a core component of mitochondrial nucleoids, TFAM, causes changes in the mitochondrial nucleoid populations, which subsequently impact ER-mitochondria membrane contacts. Knockdown of TFAM causes a significant decrease in the copy number of mtDNA as well as aggregation of mtDNA nucleoids. At the same time, it causes significant upregulation of the replicative TWNK helicase in the membrane-associated nucleoid fraction. This is accompanied by a transient elevation of MAM proteins, indicating a rearrangement of the linkage between ER and mitochondria triggered by changes in mitochondrial nucleoids. Reciprocal knockdown of the mitochondrial replicative helicase TWNK causes a decrease in mtDNA copy number and modifies mtDNA membrane association, however, it does not cause nucleoid aggregation and considerable alterations of MAM proteins in the membrane-associated fraction. Our explanation is that the aggregation of mitochondrial nucleoids resulting from TFAM knockdown triggers a compensatory mechanism involving the reorganization of both mitochondrial nucleoids and MAM. These results could provide an important insight into pathological conditions associated with impaired nucleoid organization or defects of mtDNA distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koit Aasumets
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yuliya Basikhina
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33014, Finland
| | - Jaakko L Pohjoismäki
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Steffi Goffart
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Joachim Gerhold
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
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24
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Menger KE, Rodríguez-Luis A, Chapman J, Nicholls TJ. Controlling the topology of mammalian mitochondrial DNA. Open Biol 2021; 11:210168. [PMID: 34547213 PMCID: PMC8455175 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The genome of mitochondria, called mtDNA, is a small circular DNA molecule present at thousands of copies per human cell. MtDNA is packaged into nucleoprotein complexes called nucleoids, and the density of mtDNA packaging affects mitochondrial gene expression. Genetic processes such as transcription, DNA replication and DNA packaging alter DNA topology, and these topological problems are solved by a family of enzymes called topoisomerases. Within mitochondria, topoisomerases are involved firstly in the regulation of mtDNA supercoiling and secondly in disentangling interlinked mtDNA molecules following mtDNA replication. The loss of mitochondrial topoisomerase activity leads to defects in mitochondrial function, and variants in the dual-localized type IA topoisomerase TOP3A have also been reported to cause human mitochondrial disease. We review the current knowledge on processes that alter mtDNA topology, how mtDNA topology is modulated by the action of topoisomerases, and the consequences of altered mtDNA topology for mitochondrial function and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja E. Menger
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Alejandro Rodríguez-Luis
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - James Chapman
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Thomas J. Nicholls
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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25
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Feng Y, Huang W, Paul C, Liu X, Sadayappan S, Wang Y, Pauklin S. Mitochondrial nucleoid in cardiac homeostasis: bidirectional signaling of mitochondria and nucleus in cardiac diseases. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:49. [PMID: 34392401 PMCID: PMC8364536 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00889-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic function and energy production in eukaryotic cells are regulated by mitochondria, which have been recognized as the intracellular 'powerhouses' of eukaryotic cells for their regulation of cellular homeostasis. Mitochondrial function is important not only in normal developmental and physiological processes, but also in a variety of human pathologies, including cardiac diseases. An emerging topic in the field of cardiovascular medicine is the implication of mitochondrial nucleoid for metabolic reprogramming. This review describes the linear/3D architecture of the mitochondrial nucleoid (e.g., highly organized protein-DNA structure of nucleoid) and how it is regulated by a variety of factors, such as noncoding RNA and its associated R-loop, for metabolic reprogramming in cardiac diseases. In addition, we highlight many of the presently unsolved questions regarding cardiac metabolism in terms of bidirectional signaling of mitochondrial nucleoid and 3D chromatin structure in the nucleus. In particular, we explore novel techniques to dissect the 3D structure of mitochondrial nucleoid and propose new insights into the mitochondrial retrograde signaling, and how it regulates the nuclear (3D) chromatin structures in mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Feng
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Old Road, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, CincinnatiCincinnati, OH, 45267-0529, USA
| | - Christian Paul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, CincinnatiCincinnati, OH, 45267-0529, USA
| | - Xingguo Liu
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Hefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Hefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, CincinnatiCincinnati, OH, 45267-0529, USA.
| | - Siim Pauklin
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Old Road, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK.
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26
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Daňhelovská T, Zdražilová L, Štufková H, Vanišová M, Volfová N, Křížová J, Kuda O, Sládková J, Tesařová M. Knock-Out of ACBD3 Leads to Dispersed Golgi Structure, but Unaffected Mitochondrial Functions in HEK293 and HeLa Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147270. [PMID: 34298889 PMCID: PMC8303370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein (ACBD3) plays multiple roles across the cell. Although generally associated with the Golgi apparatus, it operates also in mitochondria. In steroidogenic cells, ACBD3 is an important part of a multiprotein complex transporting cholesterol into mitochondria. Balance in mitochondrial cholesterol is essential for proper mitochondrial protein biosynthesis, among others. We generated ACBD3 knock-out (ACBD3-KO) HEK293 and HeLa cells and characterized the impact of protein absence on mitochondria, Golgi, and lipid profile. In ACBD3-KO cells, cholesterol level and mitochondrial structure and functions are not altered, demonstrating that an alternative pathway of cholesterol transport into mitochondria exists. However, ACBD3-KO cells exhibit enlarged Golgi area with absence of stacks and ribbon-like formation, confirming the importance of ACBD3 in Golgi stacking. The glycosylation of the LAMP2 glycoprotein was not affected by the altered Golgi structure. Moreover, decreased sphingomyelins together with normal ceramides and sphingomyelin synthase activity reveal the importance of ACBD3 in ceramide transport from ER to Golgi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Daňhelovská
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.D.); (L.Z.); (H.Š.); (M.V.); (N.V.); (J.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Lucie Zdražilová
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.D.); (L.Z.); (H.Š.); (M.V.); (N.V.); (J.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Hana Štufková
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.D.); (L.Z.); (H.Š.); (M.V.); (N.V.); (J.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Marie Vanišová
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.D.); (L.Z.); (H.Š.); (M.V.); (N.V.); (J.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Nikol Volfová
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.D.); (L.Z.); (H.Š.); (M.V.); (N.V.); (J.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Jana Křížová
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.D.); (L.Z.); (H.Š.); (M.V.); (N.V.); (J.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Ondřej Kuda
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Jana Sládková
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.D.); (L.Z.); (H.Š.); (M.V.); (N.V.); (J.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Markéta Tesařová
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.D.); (L.Z.); (H.Š.); (M.V.); (N.V.); (J.K.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence:
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27
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Bagge EK, Fujimori-Tonou N, Kubota-Sakashita M, Kasahara T, Kato T. Unbiased PCR-free spatio-temporal mapping of the mtDNA mutation spectrum reveals brain region-specific responses to replication instability. BMC Biol 2020; 18:150. [PMID: 33097039 PMCID: PMC7585204 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00890-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The accumulation of mtDNA mutations in different tissues from various mouse models has been widely studied especially in the context of mtDNA mutation-driven ageing but has been confounded by the inherent limitations of the most widely used approaches. By implementing a method to sequence mtDNA without PCR amplification prior to library preparation, we map the full unbiased mtDNA mutation spectrum across six distinct brain regions from mice. Results We demonstrate that ageing-induced levels of mtDNA mutations (single nucleotide variants and deletions) reach stable levels at 50 weeks of age but can be further elevated specifically in the cortex, nucleus accumbens (NAc), and paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) by expression of a proof-reading-deficient mitochondrial DNA polymerase, PolgD181A. The increase in single nucleotide variants increases the fraction of shared SNVs as well as their frequency, while characteristics of deletions remain largely unaffected. In addition, PolgD181A also induces an ageing-dependent accumulation of non-coding control-region multimers in NAc and PVT, a feature that appears almost non-existent in wild-type mice. Conclusions Our data provide a novel view of the spatio-temporal accumulation of mtDNA mutations using very limited tissue input. The differential response of brain regions to a state of replication instability provides insight into a possible heterogenic mitochondrial landscape across the brain that may be involved in the ageing phenotype and mitochondria-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Kristine Bagge
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Noriko Fujimori-Tonou
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan.,Current address: Support Unit for Bio-Material Analysis, Research Resources Division, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mie Kubota-Sakashita
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takaoki Kasahara
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan.,Current address: Career Development Program, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Kato
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan. .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
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28
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Rey T, Zaganelli S, Cuillery E, Vartholomaiou E, Croisier M, Martinou JC, Manley S. Mitochondrial RNA granules are fluid condensates positioned by membrane dynamics. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:1180-1186. [PMID: 32989247 PMCID: PMC7610405 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-00584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria contain the genetic information and expression machinery to produce essential respiratory chain proteins. Within the mitochondrial matrix, newly synthesised RNA, RNA processing proteins, and mitoribosome assembly factors form punctate sub-compartments referred to as mitochondrial RNA granules (MRGs) 1–3. Despite their proposed importance in regulating gene expression, the structural and dynamic properties of MRGs remain largely unknown. We investigated the internal architecture of MRGs using fluorescence super-resolution localisation microscopy and correlative electron microscopy, and find that MRG ultrastructure consists of compacted RNA embedded within a protein cloud. Using live-cell super-resolution structured illumination microscopy and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, we reveal that MRGs rapidly exchange components and can undergo fusion, characteristic properties of fluid condensates 4. Furthermore, MRGs associate with the inner mitochondrial membrane and their fusion coincides with mitochondrial remodelling. Inhibition of mitochondrial fission or fusion leads to an aberrant accumulation of MRGs into concentrated pockets, where they remain as distinct individual units despite their close apposition. Together, our findings reveal that MRGs are nanoscale fluid compartments, which are dispersed along mitochondria via membrane dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Rey
- Laboratory of Experimental Biophysics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Sofia Zaganelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Biophysics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Genève, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Marie Croisier
- BioEM Core Facility and Technology Platform, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Suliana Manley
- Laboratory of Experimental Biophysics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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29
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Chapman J, Ng YS, Nicholls TJ. The Maintenance of Mitochondrial DNA Integrity and Dynamics by Mitochondrial Membranes. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10090164. [PMID: 32858900 PMCID: PMC7555930 DOI: 10.3390/life10090164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are complex organelles that harbour their own genome. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) exists in the form of a circular double-stranded DNA molecule that must be replicated, segregated and distributed around the mitochondrial network. Human cells typically possess between a few hundred and several thousand copies of the mitochondrial genome, located within the mitochondrial matrix in close association with the cristae ultrastructure. The organisation of mtDNA around the mitochondrial network requires mitochondria to be dynamic and undergo both fission and fusion events in coordination with the modulation of cristae architecture. The dysregulation of these processes has profound effects upon mtDNA replication, manifesting as a loss of mtDNA integrity and copy number, and upon the subsequent distribution of mtDNA around the mitochondrial network. Mutations within genes involved in mitochondrial dynamics or cristae modulation cause a wide range of neurological disorders frequently associated with defects in mtDNA maintenance. This review aims to provide an understanding of the biological mechanisms that link mitochondrial dynamics and mtDNA integrity, as well as examine the interplay that occurs between mtDNA, mitochondrial dynamics and cristae structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Chapman
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (T.J.N.)
| | - Yi Shiau Ng
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Thomas J. Nicholls
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (T.J.N.)
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30
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Fu Y, Tigano M, Sfeir A. Safeguarding mitochondrial genomes in higher eukaryotes. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2020; 27:687-695. [PMID: 32764737 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-020-0474-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria respond to DNA damage and preserve their own genetic material in a manner distinct from that of the nucleus but that requires organized mito-nuclear communication. Failure to resolve mtDNA breaks leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and affects host cells and tissues. Here, we review the pathways that safeguard mitochondrial genomes and examine the insights gained from studies of cellular and tissue-wide responses to mtDNA damage and mito-nuclear genome incompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fu
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Cell Biology Department, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marco Tigano
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Cell Biology Department, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Agnel Sfeir
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Cell Biology Department, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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31
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Redecorating the Mitochondrial Inner Membrane: A Treatment for mtDNA Disorders. Mol Ther 2020; 28:1749-1751. [PMID: 32679032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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32
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Luna-Sanchez M, Benincá C, Cerutti R, Brea-Calvo G, Yeates A, Scorrano L, Zeviani M, Viscomi C. Opa1 Overexpression Protects from Early-Onset Mpv17 -/--Related Mouse Kidney Disease. Mol Ther 2020; 28:1918-1930. [PMID: 32562616 PMCID: PMC7403474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Moderate overexpression of Opa1, the master regulator of mitochondrial cristae morphology, significantly improved mitochondrial damage induced by drugs, surgical denervation, or oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) defects due to specific impairment of a single mitochondrial respiratory chain complex. Here, we investigated the effectiveness of this approach in the Mpv17-/- mouse, characterized by profound, multisystem mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion. After the crossing with Opa1tg mice, we found a surprising anticipation of the severe, progressive focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, previously described in Mpv17-/- animals as a late-onset clinical feature (after 12-18 months of life). In contrast, Mpv17-/- animals from this new "mixed" strain died at 8-9 weeks after birth because of severe kidney failure However, Mpv17-/-::Opa1tg mice lived much longer than Mpv17-/- littermates and developed the kidney dysfunction much later. mtDNA content and OXPHOS activities were significantly higher in Mpv17-/-::Opa1tg than in Mpv17-/- kidneys and similar to those for wild-type (WT) littermates. Mitochondrial network and cristae ultrastructure were largely preserved in Mpv17-/-::Opa1tg versus Mpv17-/- kidney and isolated podocytes. Mechanistically, the protective effect of Opa1 overexpression in this model was mediated by a block in apoptosis due to the stabilization of the mitochondrial cristae. These results demonstrate that strategies aiming at increasing Opa1 expression or activity can be effective against mtDNA depletion syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Luna-Sanchez
- University of Cambridge - MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Cristiane Benincá
- University of Cambridge - MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Raffaele Cerutti
- University of Cambridge - MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Gloria Brea-Calvo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología de Desarrollo and CIBERER, ISCIII, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Anna Yeates
- Medical Research Council - Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy.
| | - Carlo Viscomi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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33
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Regulation of Ergosterol Biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11070795. [PMID: 32679672 PMCID: PMC7397035 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ergosterol is an essential component of fungal cell membranes that determines the fluidity, permeability and activity of membrane-associated proteins. Ergosterol biosynthesis is a complex and highly energy-consuming pathway that involves the participation of many enzymes. Deficiencies in sterol biosynthesis cause pleiotropic defects that limit cellular proliferation and adaptation to stress. Thereby, fungal ergosterol levels are tightly controlled by the bioavailability of particular metabolites (e.g., sterols, oxygen and iron) and environmental conditions. The regulation of ergosterol synthesis is achieved by overlapping mechanisms that include transcriptional expression, feedback inhibition of enzymes and changes in their subcellular localization. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the sterol regulatory element (SRE)-binding proteins Upc2 and Ecm22, the heme-binding protein Hap1 and the repressor factors Rox1 and Mot3 coordinate ergosterol biosynthesis (ERG) gene expression. Here, we summarize the sterol biosynthesis, transport and detoxification systems of S. cerevisiae, as well as its adaptive response to sterol depletion, low oxygen, hyperosmotic stress and iron deficiency. Because of the large number of ERG genes and the crosstalk between different environmental signals and pathways, many aspects of ergosterol regulation are still unknown. The study of sterol metabolism and its regulation is highly relevant due to its wide applications in antifungal treatments, as well as in food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Frazier AE, Compton AG, Kishita Y, Hock DH, Welch AE, Amarasekera SSC, Rius R, Formosa LE, Imai-Okazaki A, Francis D, Wang M, Lake NJ, Tregoning S, Jabbari JS, Lucattini A, Nitta KR, Ohtake A, Murayama K, Amor DJ, McGillivray G, Wong FY, van der Knaap MS, Jeroen Vermeulen R, Wiltshire EJ, Fletcher JM, Lewis B, Baynam G, Ellaway C, Balasubramaniam S, Bhattacharya K, Freckmann ML, Arbuckle S, Rodriguez M, Taft RJ, Sadedin S, Cowley MJ, Minoche AE, Calvo SE, Mootha VK, Ryan MT, Okazaki Y, Stroud DA, Simons C, Christodoulou J, Thorburn DR. Fatal perinatal mitochondrial cardiac failure caused by recurrent de novo duplications in the ATAD3 locus. MED 2020; 2:49-73. [PMID: 33575671 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background In about half of all patients with a suspected monogenic disease, genomic investigations fail to identify the diagnosis. A contributing factor is the difficulty with repetitive regions of the genome, such as those generated by segmental duplications. The ATAD3 locus is one such region, in which recessive deletions and dominant duplications have recently been reported to cause lethal perinatal mitochondrial diseases characterized by pontocerebellar hypoplasia or cardiomyopathy, respectively. Methods Whole exome, whole genome and long-read DNA sequencing techniques combined with studies of RNA and quantitative proteomics were used to investigate 17 subjects from 16 unrelated families with suspected mitochondrial disease. Findings We report six different de novo duplications in the ATAD3 gene locus causing a distinctive presentation including lethal perinatal cardiomyopathy, persistent hyperlactacidemia, and frequently corneal clouding or cataracts and encephalopathy. The recurrent 68 Kb ATAD3 duplications are identifiable from genome and exome sequencing but usually missed by microarrays. The ATAD3 duplications result in the formation of identical chimeric ATAD3A/ATAD3C proteins, altered ATAD3 complexes and a striking reduction in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complex I and its activity in heart tissue. Conclusions ATAD3 duplications appear to act in a dominant-negative manner and the de novo inheritance infers a low recurrence risk for families, unlike most pediatric mitochondrial diseases. More than 350 genes underlie mitochondrial diseases. In our experience the ATAD3 locus is now one of the five most common causes of nuclear-encoded pediatric mitochondrial disease but the repetitive nature of the locus means ATAD3 diagnoses may be frequently missed by current genomic strategies. Funding Australian NHMRC, US Department of Defense, Japanese AMED and JSPS agencies, Australian Genomics Health Alliance and Australian Mito Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann E Frazier
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,These authors contributed equally: A.E. Frazier, A.G. Compton
| | - Alison G Compton
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,These authors contributed equally: A.E. Frazier, A.G. Compton
| | - Yoshihito Kishita
- Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Daniella H Hock
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - AnneMarie E Welch
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Sumudu S C Amarasekera
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Rocio Rius
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Luke E Formosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Atsuko Imai-Okazaki
- Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Division of Genomic Medicine Research, Medical Genomics Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - David Francis
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Min Wang
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Nicole J Lake
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Simone Tregoning
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jafar S Jabbari
- Australian Genome Research Facility Ltd, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Alexis Lucattini
- Australian Genome Research Facility Ltd, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kazuhiro R Nitta
- Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Akira Ohtake
- Department of Pediatrics & Clinical Genomics, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Kei Murayama
- Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, 266-0007, Japan
| | - David J Amor
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - George McGillivray
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Flora Y Wong
- Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Department of Paediatrics, Monash University; and Monash Newborn, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Marjo S van der Knaap
- Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit and Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit and Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Jeroen Vermeulen
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Esko J Wiltshire
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago Wellington and Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Janice M Fletcher
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Barry Lewis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, PathWest Laboratory Medicine Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Gareth Baynam
- Western Australian Register of Developmental Anomalies and Genetic Services of Western Australia and King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women Perth, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute and School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Carolyn Ellaway
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders Service, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia.,Disciplines of Genomic Medicine and Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Shanti Balasubramaniam
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders Service, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Kaustuv Bhattacharya
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders Service, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia.,Disciplines of Genomic Medicine and Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | | | - Susan Arbuckle
- Department of Histopathology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Michael Rodriguez
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - Simon Sadedin
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Mark J Cowley
- Children's Cancer Institute, Kensington, NSW 2750, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia.,Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - André E Minoche
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Sarah E Calvo
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02446, USA
| | - Vamsi K Mootha
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02446, USA
| | - Michael T Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Yasushi Okazaki
- Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - David A Stroud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Cas Simons
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - John Christodoulou
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,Disciplines of Genomic Medicine and Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - David R Thorburn
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,Lead contact
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35
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Gunning AC, Strucinska K, Muñoz Oreja M, Parrish A, Caswell R, Stals KL, Durigon R, Durlacher-Betzer K, Cunningham MH, Grochowski CM, Baptista J, Tysoe C, Baple E, Lahiri N, Homfray T, Scurr I, Armstrong C, Dean J, Fernandez Pelayo U, Jones AW, Taylor RW, Misra VK, Yoon WH, Wright CF, Lupski JR, Spinazzola A, Harel T, Holt IJ, Ellard S. Recurrent De Novo NAHR Reciprocal Duplications in the ATAD3 Gene Cluster Cause a Neurogenetic Trait with Perturbed Cholesterol and Mitochondrial Metabolism. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 106:272-279. [PMID: 32004445 PMCID: PMC7010973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have identified both recessive and dominant forms of mitochondrial disease that result from ATAD3A variants. The recessive form includes subjects with biallelic deletions mediated by non-allelic homologous recombination. We report five unrelated neonates with a lethal metabolic disorder characterized by cardiomyopathy, corneal opacities, encephalopathy, hypotonia, and seizures in whom a monoallelic reciprocal duplication at the ATAD3 locus was identified. Analysis of the breakpoint junction fragment indicated that these 67 kb heterozygous duplications were likely mediated by non-allelic homologous recombination at regions of high sequence identity in ATAD3A exon 11 and ATAD3C exon 7. At the recombinant junction, the duplication allele produces a fusion gene derived from ATAD3A and ATAD3C, the protein product of which lacks key functional residues. Analysis of fibroblasts derived from two affected individuals shows that the fusion gene product is expressed and stable. These cells display perturbed cholesterol and mitochondrial DNA organization similar to that observed for individuals with severe ATAD3A deficiency. We hypothesize that the fusion protein acts through a dominant-negative mechanism to cause this fatal mitochondrial disorder. Our data delineate a molecular diagnosis for this disorder, extend the clinical spectrum associated with structural variation at the ATAD3 locus, and identify a third mutational mechanism for ATAD3 gene cluster variants. These results further affirm structural variant mutagenesis mechanisms in sporadic disease traits, emphasize the importance of copy number analysis in molecular genomic diagnosis, and highlight some of the challenges of detecting and interpreting clinically relevant rare gene rearrangements from next-generation sequencing data.
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Cirigliano A, Amelina A, Biferali B, Macone A, Mozzetta C, Bianchi MM, Mori M, Botta B, Pick E, Negri R, Rinaldi T. Statins interfere with the attachment of S. cerevisiae mtDNA to the inner mitochondrial membrane. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 35:129-137. [PMID: 31694426 PMCID: PMC6844431 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1687461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, a key enzyme of the mevalonate pathway for the synthesis of cholesterol in mammals (ergosterol in fungi), is inhibited by statins, a class of cholesterol lowering drugs. Indeed, statins are in a wide medical use, yet statins treatment could induce side effects as hepatotoxicity and myopathy in patients. We used Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model to investigate the effects of statins on mitochondria. We demonstrate that statins are active in S.cerevisiae by lowering the ergosterol content in cells and interfering with the attachment of mitochondrial DNA to the inner mitochondrial membrane. Experiments on murine myoblasts confirmed these results in mammals. We propose that the instability of mitochondrial DNA is an early indirect target of statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Cirigliano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonia Amelina
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Biferali
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Macone
- Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Mozzetta
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Maria Bianchi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Bruno Botta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elah Pick
- Department of Biology and Environment, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa at Oranim, Tivon, Israel
| | - Rodolfo Negri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Rinaldi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Rome, Italy
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37
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Holt IJ. The mitochondrial R-loop. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:5480-5489. [PMID: 31045202 PMCID: PMC6582354 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA in mitochondria contributes essential components of the organelle’s energy producing machinery that is essential for life. In 1971, many mitochondrial DNA molecules were found to have a third strand of DNA that maps to a region containing critical regulatory elements for transcription and replication. Forty-five years later, a third strand of RNA in the same region has been reported. This mitochondrial R-loop is present on thousands of copies of mitochondrial DNA per cell making it potentially the most abundant R-loop in nature. Here, I assess the discovery of the mitochondrial R-loop, discuss why it remained unrecognized for almost half a century and propose for it central roles in the replication, organization and expression of mitochondrial DNA, which if compromised can lead to disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Holt
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain & IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.,Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Royal Free Campus, London, NW3 2PF, UK.,CIBERNED (Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Institute Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
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38
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Mei H, Mei D, Yu H, Sun S, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Chai R, Li H. Increased mitochondrial DNA copy number protects hair cells and HEI‑OC1 cells against drug‑induced apoptosis. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:338-346. [PMID: 31939628 PMCID: PMC6896317 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Several factors trigger apoptosis in cochlear hair cells. Previous studies have shown that mitochondria play key roles in apoptosis, but the role of mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) copy number in the pathogenesis of hair cell apoptosis remains largely unknown. We used mouse cochlear hair cells and House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1) cells to explore the relationship between mtDNA copy number and cell apoptosis. We found that the mtDNA copy number of hair cells was reduced relative to mitochondrial mass and hypothesized that increasing it might have a protective effect. We then increased the mtDNA copy number of the hair and HEI-OC1 cells by transfecting them with an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector containing mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). We found that the apoptosis rates decreased upon inducing apoptosis with neomycin or cisplatin (DDP). To elucidate the mechanisms, we analyzed the mitochondrial-membrane permeability and mitochondrial function of HEI-OC1 cells. Our results suggested that the increase in mtDNA copy number could protect hair cells and HEI-OC1 cells against drug-induced apoptosis by stabilizing the permeability of the mitochondrial membrane and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Mei
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Mei
- Department of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Huiqian Yu
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Shan Sun
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Renjie Chai
- Co‑Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, P.R. China
| | - Huawei Li
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
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39
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Wagner A, Hofmeister O, Rolland SG, Maiser A, Aasumets K, Schmitt S, Schorpp K, Feuchtinger A, Hadian K, Schneider S, Zischka H, Leonhardt H, Conradt B, Gerhold JM, Wolf A. Mitochondrial Alkbh1 localizes to mtRNA granules and its knockdown induces the mitochondrial UPR in humans and C. elegans. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.223891. [PMID: 31434717 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.223891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenase Alkb homologue 1 (Alkbh1) has been shown to act on a wide range of substrates, like DNA, tRNA and histones. Thereby different enzymatic activities have been identified including, among others, demethylation of N 3-methylcytosine (m3C) in RNA- and single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides, demethylation of N 1-methyladenosine (m1A) in tRNA or formation of 5-formyl cytosine (f5C) in tRNA. In accordance with the different substrates, Alkbh1 has also been proposed to reside in distinct cellular compartments in human and mouse cells, including the nucleus, cytoplasm and mitochondria. Here, we describe further evidence for a role of human Alkbh1 in regulation of mitochondrial protein biogenesis, including visualizing localization of Alkbh1 into mitochondrial RNA granules with super-resolution 3D SIM microscopy. Electron microscopy and high-resolution respirometry analyses revealed an impact of Alkbh1 level on mitochondrial respiration, but not on mitochondrial structure. Downregulation of Alkbh1 impacts cell growth in HeLa cells and delays development in Caenorhabditis elegans, where the mitochondrial role of Alkbh1 seems to be conserved. Alkbh1 knockdown, but not Alkbh7 knockdown, triggers the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Wagner
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Olga Hofmeister
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stephane G Rolland
- Department of Biology II, Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andreas Maiser
- Department of Biology II, Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Koit Aasumets
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sabine Schmitt
- Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Kenji Schorpp
- Assay Development and Screening Platform, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kamyar Hadian
- Assay Development and Screening Platform, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Schneider
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Chair of Biochemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Hans Zischka
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Heinrich Leonhardt
- Department of Biology II, Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Barbara Conradt
- Department of Biology II, Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Joachim M Gerhold
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alexander Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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40
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Desai R, Campanella M. Exploring mitochondrial cholesterol signalling for therapeutic intervention in neurological conditions. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:4284-4292. [PMID: 31077345 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological targeting of cholesterol levels continues to generate interest due to the undoubted success of therapeutic agents, such as statins, in extending life expectancy by modifying the prognosis of diseases associated with the impairment of lipid metabolism. Advances in our understanding of mitochondrial dysfunction in chronic age-related diseases of the brain have disclosed an emerging role for mitochondrial cholesterol in their pathophysiology, thus delineating an opportunity to provide mechanistic insights and explore strategies of intervention. This review draws attention to novel signalling mechanisms in conditions linked with impaired metabolism associated with impaired handling of cholesterol and its oxidized forms (oxysterols) by mitochondria. By emphasizing the role of mitochondrial cholesterol in neurological diseases, we here call for novel approaches and new means of assessment. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Mitochondrial Pharmacology: Featured Mechanisms and Approaches for Therapy Translation. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.22/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Desai
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Michelangelo Campanella
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK.,Consortium for Mitochondrial Research (CfMR), University College London, London, UK
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41
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Mitochondrial Homeostasis and Cellular Senescence. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070686. [PMID: 31284597 PMCID: PMC6678662 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence refers to a stress response aiming to preserve cellular and, therefore, organismal homeostasis. Importantly, deregulation of mitochondrial homeostatic mechanisms, manifested as impaired mitochondrial biogenesis, metabolism and dynamics, has emerged as a hallmark of cellular senescence. On the other hand, impaired mitostasis has been suggested to induce cellular senescence. This review aims to provide an overview of homeostatic mechanisms operating within mitochondria and a comprehensive insight into the interplay between cellular senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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42
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Yan C, Duanmu X, Zeng L, Liu B, Song Z. Mitochondrial DNA: Distribution, Mutations, and Elimination. Cells 2019; 8:E379. [PMID: 31027297 PMCID: PMC6523345 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrion harbors its own DNA (mtDNA), which encodes many critical proteins for the assembly and activity of mitochondrial respiratory complexes. mtDNA is packed by many proteins to form a nucleoid that uniformly distributes within the mitochondrial matrix, which is essential for mitochondrial functions. Defects or mutations of mtDNA result in a range of diseases. Damaged mtDNA could be eliminated by mitophagy, and all paternal mtDNA are degraded by endonuclease G or mitophagy during fertilization. In this review, we describe the role and mechanism of mtDNA distribution and elimination. In particular, we focus on the regulation of paternal mtDNA elimination in the process of fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojun Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Xiaoying Duanmu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Ling Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Bing Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Zhiyin Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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43
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Zhao Y, Sun X, Hu D, Prosdocimo DA, Hoppel C, Jain MK, Ramachandran R, Qi X. ATAD3A oligomerization causes neurodegeneration by coupling mitochondrial fragmentation and bioenergetics defects. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1371. [PMID: 30914652 PMCID: PMC6435701 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fragmentation and bioenergetic failure manifest in Huntington’s disease (HD), a fatal neurodegenerative disease. The factors that couple mitochondrial fusion/fission with bioenergetics and their impacts on neurodegeneration however remain poorly understood. Our proteomic analysis identifies mitochondrial protein ATAD3A as an interactor of mitochondrial fission GTPase, Drp1, in HD. Here we show that, in HD, ATAD3A dimerization due to deacetylation at K135 residue is required for Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation. Disturbance of ATAD3A steady state impairs mtDNA maintenance by disrupting TFAM/mtDNA binding. Blocking Drp1/ATAD3A interaction with a peptide, DA1, abolishes ATAD3A oligomerization, suppresses mitochondrial fragmentation and mtDNA lesion, and reduces bioenergetic deficits and cell death in HD mouse- and patient-derived cells. DA1 treatment reduces behavioral and neuropathological phenotypes in HD transgenic mice. Our findings demonstrate that ATAD3A plays a key role in neurodegeneration by linking Drp1-induced mitochondrial fragmentation to defective mtDNA maintenance, suggesting that DA1 might be useful for developing HD therapeutics. Huntington’s disease leads to mitochondrial fragmentation and bioenergetic failure, although how the two events are connected is poorly understood. Here, Zhao et al. identify ATAD3A as a molecular linker and show that a peptide inhibitor of ATAD3A oligomerization suppresses HD phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Di Hu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Domenick A Prosdocimo
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Charles Hoppel
- Center for Mitochondrial Disease, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Mukesh K Jain
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Rajesh Ramachandran
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. .,Center for Mitochondrial Disease, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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44
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Cirigliano A, Macone A, Bianchi MM, Oliaro-Bosso S, Balliano G, Negri R, Rinaldi T. Ergosterol reduction impairs mitochondrial DNA maintenance in S. cerevisiae. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:290-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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45
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Burstein SR, Valsecchi F, Kawamata H, Bourens M, Zeng R, Zuberi A, Milner TA, Cloonan SM, Lutz C, Barrientos A, Manfredi G. In vitro and in vivo studies of the ALS-FTLD protein CHCHD10 reveal novel mitochondrial topology and protein interactions. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:160-177. [PMID: 29112723 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix-domain containing 10 (CHCHD10), a mitochondrial twin CX9C protein whose function is still unknown, cause myopathy, motor neuron disease, frontotemporal dementia, and Parkinson's disease. Here, we investigate CHCHD10 topology and its protein interactome, as well as the effects of CHCHD10 depletion or expression of disease-associated mutations in wild-type cells. We find that CHCHD10 associates with membranes in the mitochondrial intermembrane space, where it interacts with a closely related protein, CHCHD2. Furthermore, both CHCHD10 and CHCHD2 interact with p32/GC1QR, a protein with various intra and extra-mitochondrial functions. CHCHD10 and CHCHD2 have short half-lives, suggesting regulatory rather than structural functions. Cell lines with CHCHD10 knockdown do not display bioenergetic defects, but, unexpectedly, accumulate excessive intramitochondrial iron. In mice, CHCHD10 is expressed in many tissues, most abundantly in heart, skeletal muscle, liver, and in specific CNS regions, notably the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra and spinal cord neurons, which is consistent with the pathology associated with CHCHD10 mutations. Homozygote CHCHD10 knockout mice are viable, have no gross phenotypes, no bioenergetic defects or ultrastructural mitochondrial abnormalities in brain, heart or skeletal muscle, indicating that functional redundancy or compensatory mechanisms for CHCHD10 loss occur in vivo. Instead, cells expressing S59L or R15L mutant versions of CHCHD10, but not WT, have impaired mitochondrial energy metabolism. Taken together, the evidence obtained from our in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that CHCHD10 mutants cause disease through a gain of toxic function mechanism, rather than a loss of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Burstein
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - F Valsecchi
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - H Kawamata
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - M Bourens
- Department of Neurology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - R Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - A Zuberi
- The Jackson Laboratories, ME 04609, USA
| | - T A Milner
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - S M Cloonan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - C Lutz
- The Jackson Laboratories, ME 04609, USA
| | - A Barrientos
- Department of Neurology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - G Manfredi
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Hernando-Rodríguez B, Artal-Sanz M. Mitochondrial Quality Control Mechanisms and the PHB (Prohibitin) Complex. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120238. [PMID: 30501123 PMCID: PMC6315423 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial functions are essential for life, critical for development, maintenance of stem cells, adaptation to physiological changes, responses to stress, and aging. The complexity of mitochondrial biogenesis requires coordinated nuclear and mitochondrial gene expression, owing to the need of stoichiometrically assemble the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system for ATP production. It requires, in addition, the import of a large number of proteins from the cytosol to keep optimal mitochondrial function and metabolism. Moreover, mitochondria require lipid supply for membrane biogenesis, while it is itself essential for the synthesis of membrane lipids. To achieve mitochondrial homeostasis, multiple mechanisms of quality control have evolved to ensure that mitochondrial function meets cell, tissue, and organismal demands. Herein, we give an overview of mitochondrial mechanisms that are activated in response to stress, including mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). We then discuss the role of these stress responses in aging, with particular focus on Caenorhabditis elegans. Finally, we review observations that point to the mitochondrial prohibitin (PHB) complex as a key player in mitochondrial homeostasis, being essential for mitochondrial biogenesis and degradation, and responding to mitochondrial stress. Understanding how mitochondria responds to stress and how such responses are regulated is pivotal to combat aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Hernando-Rodríguez
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Junta de Andalucía, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain.
| | - Marta Artal-Sanz
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Junta de Andalucía, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain.
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47
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Schneider A, Ochsenreiter T. Failure is not an option - mitochondrial genome segregation in trypanosomes. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:131/18/jcs221820. [PMID: 30224426 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.221820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike most other model eukaryotes, Trypanosoma brucei and its relatives have a single mitochondrion with a single-unit mitochondrial genome that is termed kinetoplast DNA (kDNA). Replication of the kDNA is coordinated with the cell cycle. During binary mitochondrial fission and prior to cytokinesis, the replicated kDNA has to be faithfully segregated to the daughter organelles. This process depends on the tripartite attachment complex (TAC) that physically links the kDNA across the two mitochondrial membranes with the basal body of the flagellum. Thus, the TAC couples segregation of the replicated kDNA with segregation of the basal bodies of the old and the new flagellum. In this Review, we provide an overview of the role of the TAC in kDNA inheritance in T. brucei We focus on recent advances regarding the molecular composition of the TAC, and discuss how the TAC is assembled and how its subunits are targeted to their respective TAC subdomains. Finally, we will contrast the segregation of the single-unit kDNA in trypanosomes to mitochondrial genome inheritance in yeast and mammals, both of which have numerous mitochondria that each contain multiple genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Schneider
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestr. 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Torsten Ochsenreiter
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
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48
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Rodrigues APC, Camargo AF, Andjelković A, Jacobs HT, Oliveira MT. Developmental arrest in Drosophila melanogaster caused by mitochondrial DNA replication defects cannot be rescued by the alternative oxidase. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10882. [PMID: 30022066 PMCID: PMC6052043 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The xenotopic expression of the alternative oxidase AOX from the tunicate Ciona intestinalis in diverse models of human disease partially alleviates the phenotypic effects of mitochondrial respiratory chain defects. AOX is a non-proton pumping, mitochondrial inner membrane-bound, single-subunit enzyme that can bypass electron transport through the cytochrome segment, providing an additional site for ubiquinone reoxidation and oxygen reduction upon respiratory chain overload. We set out to investigate whether AOX expression in Drosophila could counteract the effects of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication defects caused by disturbances in the mtDNA helicase or DNA polymerase γ. We observed that the developmental arrest imposed by either the expression of mutant forms of these enzymes or their knockdown was not rescued by AOX. Considering also the inability of AOX to ameliorate the phenotype of tko25t, a fly mutant with mitochondrial translation deficiency, we infer that this alternative enzyme may not be applicable to cases of mitochondrial gene expression defects. Finding the limitations of AOX applicability will help establish the parameters for the future putative use of this enzyme in gene therapies for human mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula C Rodrigues
- Departamento de Tecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - André F Camargo
- Departamento de Tecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Andjelković
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland.,Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Howard T Jacobs
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland.,Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Marcos T Oliveira
- Departamento de Tecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
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49
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Peralta S, Goffart S, Williams SL, Diaz F, Garcia S, Nissanka N, Area-Gomez E, Pohjoismäki J, Moraes CT. ATAD3 controls mitochondrial cristae structure in mouse muscle, influencing mtDNA replication and cholesterol levels. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs217075. [PMID: 29898916 PMCID: PMC6051345 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.217075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the mitochondrial inner membrane ATPase ATAD3A result in neurological syndromes in humans. In mice, the ubiquitous disruption of Atad3 (also known as Atad3a) was embryonic lethal, but a skeletal muscle-specific conditional knockout (KO) was viable. At birth, ATAD3 muscle KO mice had normal weight, but from 2 months onwards they showed progressive motor-impaired coordination and weakness. Loss of ATAD3 caused early and severe mitochondrial structural abnormalities, mitochondrial proliferation and muscle atrophy. There was dramatic reduction in mitochondrial cristae junctions and overall cristae morphology. The lack of mitochondrial cristae was accompanied by a reduction in high molecular weight mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) complexes, and to a lesser extent in OPA1. Moreover, muscles lacking ATAD3 showed altered cholesterol metabolism, accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication intermediates, progressive mtDNA depletion and deletions. Unexpectedly, decreases in the levels of some OXPHOS components occurred after cristae destabilization, indicating that ATAD3 is not crucial for mitochondrial translation, as previously suggested. Our results show a critical early role of ATAD3 in regulating mitochondrial inner membrane structure, leading to secondary defects in mtDNA replication and complex V and cholesterol levels in postmitotic tissue.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Peralta
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Steffi Goffart
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu 80101, Finland
| | - Sion L Williams
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Francisca Diaz
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sofia Garcia
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Nadee Nissanka
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jaakko Pohjoismäki
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu 80101, Finland
| | - Carlos T Moraes
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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50
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Arenas F, Garcia-Ruiz C, Fernandez-Checa JC. Intracellular Cholesterol Trafficking and Impact in Neurodegeneration. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:382. [PMID: 29204109 PMCID: PMC5698305 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is a critical component of membrane bilayers where it plays key structural and functional roles by regulating the activity of diverse signaling platforms and pathways. Particularly enriched in brain, cholesterol homeostasis in this organ is singular with respect to other tissues and exhibits a heterogeneous regulation in distinct brain cell populations. Due to the key role of cholesterol in brain physiology and function, alterations in cholesterol homeostasis and levels have been linked to brain diseases and neurodegeneration. In the case of Alzheimer disease (AD), however, this association remains unclear with evidence indicating that either increased or decreased total brain cholesterol levels contribute to this major neurodegenerative disease. Here, rather than analyzing the role of total cholesterol levels in neurodegeneration, we focus on the contribution of intracellular cholesterol pools, particularly in endolysosomes and mitochondria through its trafficking via specialized membrane domains delineated by the contacts between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, in the onset of prevalent neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, Parkinson disease, and Huntington disease as well as in lysosomal disorders like Niemann-Pick type C disease. We dissect molecular events associated with intracellular cholesterol accumulation, especially in mitochondria, an event that results in impaired mitochondrial antioxidant defense and function. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the distribution of cholesterol in intracellular compartments may shed light on the role of cholesterol homeostasis disruption in neurodegeneration and may pave the way for specific intervention opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Arenas
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain
- Liver Unit and Hospital Clinic I Provincial, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Garcia-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain
- Liver Unit and Hospital Clinic I Provincial, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
- Southern California Research Center for ALDP and Cirrhosis, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jose C. Fernandez-Checa
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain
- Liver Unit and Hospital Clinic I Provincial, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
- Southern California Research Center for ALDP and Cirrhosis, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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