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Lamanna-Rama N, Romero-Miguel D, Casquero-Veiga M, MacDowell KS, Santa-Marta C, Torres-Sánchez S, Berrocoso E, Leza JC, Desco M, Soto-Montenegro ML. THC improves behavioural schizophrenia-like deficits that CBD fails to overcome: a comprehensive multilevel approach using the Poly I:C maternal immune activation. Psychiatry Res 2024; 331:115643. [PMID: 38064909 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal infections and cannabis use during adolescence are well-recognized risk factors for schizophrenia. As inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) contribute to this disorder, anti-inflammatory drugs have been proposed as potential therapies. This study aimed to evaluate the association between delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and schizophrenia-like abnormalities in a maternal immune activation (MIA) model. Additionally, we assessed the preventive effect of cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychotropic/anti-inflammatory cannabinoid. THC and/or CBD were administered to Saline- and MIA-offspring during periadolescence. At adulthood, THC-exposed MIA-offspring showed significant improvements in sensorimotor gating deficits. Structural and metabolic brain changes were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging, revealing cortical shrinkage in Saline- and enlargement in MIA-offspring after THC-exposure. Additionally, MIA-offspring displayed enlarged ventricles and decreased hippocampus, which were partially reverted by both cannabinoids. CBD prevented THC-induced reduction in the corpus callosum, despite affecting white matter structure. Post-mortem studies revealed detrimental effects of THC, including increased inflammation and oxidative stress. CBD partially reverted these pro-inflammatory alterations and modulated THC's effects on the endocannabinoid system. In conclusion, contrary to expectations, THC exhibited greater behavioural and morphometric benefits, despite promoting a pro-inflammatory state that CBD partially reverted. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved in the observed benefits of THC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Lamanna-Rama
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.; Departamento de Bioingeniería, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés (Madrid) 28911, Spain
| | | | | | - Karina S MacDowell
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense (UCM), IIS Imas12, IUIN, 28040 - Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sonia Torres-Sánchez
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Neuropsychopharmacology & Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, Universidad de Cádiz, Spain; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Esther Berrocoso
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Neuropsychopharmacology & Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, Universidad de Cádiz, Spain; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan C Leza
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense (UCM), IIS Imas12, IUIN, 28040 - Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.; Departamento de Bioingeniería, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés (Madrid) 28911, Spain; CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Luisa Soto-Montenegro
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.; CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut-URJC), URJC, Alcorcón, Spain.
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2
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Harvanek ZM, Boks MP, Vinkers CH, Higgins-Chen AT. The Cutting Edge of Epigenetic Clocks: In Search of Mechanisms Linking Aging and Mental Health. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 94:694-705. [PMID: 36764569 PMCID: PMC10409884 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with psychiatric disorders are at increased risk of age-related diseases and early mortality. Recent studies demonstrate that this link between mental health and aging is reflected in epigenetic clocks, aging biomarkers based on DNA methylation. The reported relationships between epigenetic clocks and mental health are mostly correlational, and the mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we review recent progress concerning the molecular and cellular processes underlying epigenetic clocks as well as novel technologies enabling further studies of the causes and consequences of epigenetic aging. We then review the current literature on how epigenetic clocks relate to specific aspects of mental health, such as stress, medications, substance use, health behaviors, and symptom clusters. We propose an integrated framework where mental health and epigenetic aging are each broken down into multiple distinct processes, which are then linked to each other, using stress and schizophrenia as examples. This framework incorporates the heterogeneity and complexity of both mental health conditions and aging, may help reconcile conflicting results, and provides a basis for further hypothesis-driven research in humans and model systems to investigate potentially causal mechanisms linking aging and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M Harvanek
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Marco P Boks
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Christiaan H Vinkers
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Sleep & Stress program, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert T Higgins-Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
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3
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Rampersaud R, Wu GWY, Reus VI, Lin J, Blackburn EH, Epel ES, Hough CM, Mellon SH, Wolkowitz OM. Shorter telomere length predicts poor antidepressant response and poorer cardiometabolic indices in major depression. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10238. [PMID: 37353495 PMCID: PMC10290110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35912-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere length (TL) is a marker of biological aging, and shorter telomeres have been associated with several medical and psychiatric disorders, including cardiometabolic dysregulation and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). In addition, studies have shown shorter TL to be associated with poorer response to certain psychotropic medications, and our previous work suggested shorter TL and higher telomerase activity (TA) predicts poorer response to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) treatment. Using a new group of unmedicated medically healthy individuals with MDD (n = 48), we sought to replicate our prior findings demonstrating that peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) TL and TA predict response to SSRI treatment and to identify associations between TL and TA with biological stress mediators and cardiometabolic risk indices. Our results demonstrate that longer pre-treatment TL was associated with better response to SSRI treatment (β = .407 p = .007). Additionally, we observed that TL had a negative relationship with allostatic load (β = - .320 p = .017) and a cardiometabolic risk score (β = - .300 p = .025). Our results suggest that PBMC TL reflects, in part, the cumulative effects of physiological stress and cardiovascular risk in MDD and may be a biomarker for predicting SSRI response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Rampersaud
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Gwyneth W Y Wu
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Victor I Reus
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jue Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Blackburn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elissa S Epel
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christina M Hough
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Synthia H Mellon
- Department of OB-GYN and Reproductive Sciences, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Owen M Wolkowitz
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
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4
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Ryan KM, Doody E, McLoughlin DM. Whole blood mitochondrial DNA copy number in depression and response to electroconvulsive therapy. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 121:110656. [PMID: 36216200 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction may play a role in various psychiatric conditions. Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn), the ratio of mitochondrial DNA to nuclear DNA, represents an attractive marker of mitochondrial health that is easily measured from stored DNA samples, and has been shown to be altered in depression. In this study, we measured mtDNAcn in whole blood samples from medicated patients with depression (n = 100) compared to healthy controls (n = 89) and determined the relationship between mtDNAcn and depression severity and the therapeutic response to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). We also explored the relationship between mtDNAcn and telomere length and inflammatory markers. Our results show that mtDNAcn was significantly elevated in blood from patients with depression when compared to control samples, and this result survived statistical adjustment for potential confounders (p = 0.002). mtDNAcn was significantly elevated in blood from subgroups of patients with non-psychotic or unipolar depression. There was no difference in mtDNAcn noted in subgroups of ECT remitters/non-remitters or responders/non-responders. Moreover, mtDNAcn was not associated with depression severity, telomere length, or circulating inflammatory marker concentrations. Overall, our results show that mtDNAcn is elevated in blood from patients with depression, though whether this translates to mitochondrial function is unknown. Further work is required to clarify the contribution of mitochondria and mtDNA to the pathophysiology of depression and the therapeutic response to antidepressant treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Ryan
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, St. Patrick's University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, James Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Eimear Doody
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Patrick's University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, James Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Declan M McLoughlin
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, St. Patrick's University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, James Street, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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5
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Zhang Y, Fu F, Zhang L, Zhang W, Chen L, Zhang Y, Chen W, Du Y, Chen S, Zhan Q, Feng Z, Xu H, Nie Y. Telomere is shortened in patients with irritable bowel syndrome in the Chinese population. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:1749-1755. [PMID: 35706406 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Telomere shortening is an accepted indicator of aging. Many studies have investigated an association between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and psychiatric disorders. Mental or psychological factors could be an important cause of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, there are currently few research evaluating correlations between LTL and IBS. METHODS We examined associations between LTL and IBS using quantitative polymerase chain reaction in independent cohorts, including 205 patients with IBS and 189 healthy controls. Furthermore, we examined whether mental or psychological factors, types of IBS, duration of IBS and antidepressants had an association with LTL in patients with IBS. RESULTS Among total samples, patients with IBS presented shorter LTL when compared to healthy controls (P < 0.0001). Moreover, in subgroup analyses of patients with IBS, not only the LTL in patients with IBS caused by mental or psychological factors was shorter (P < 0.0001), but also in patients with IBS that were caused by other factors (P = 0.0082). Furthermore, LTL in patients with IBS who had taken antidepressants for more than 1 month was longer than that in patients with IBS who did not take antidepressants or took for less than 1 month (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to describe the relationship between LTL and IBS. This study showed significantly shorter telomeres in patients with IBS. Our findings suggest that LTL may hold the potential to serve as a predictor of IBS diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengyihuan Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangjie Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Weihong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenji Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanlei Du
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuzhen Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqiang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Das SC, Hjelm BE, Rollins BL, Sequeira A, Morgan L, Omidsalar AA, Schatzberg AF, Barchas JD, Lee FS, Myers RM, Watson SJ, Akil H, Bunney WE, Vawter MP. Mitochondria DNA copy number, mitochondria DNA total somatic deletions, Complex I activity, synapse number, and synaptic mitochondria number are altered in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:353. [PMID: 36042222 PMCID: PMC9427957 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02127-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a neurobiological phenomenon implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder that can synergistically affect synaptic neurotransmission. We hypothesized that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder share molecular alterations at the mitochondrial and synaptic levels. Mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) copy number (CN), mtDNA common deletion (CD), mtDNA total deletion, complex I activity, synapse number, and synaptic mitochondria number were studied in the postmortem human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), superior temporal gyrus (STG), primary visual cortex (V1), and nucleus accumbens (NAc) of controls (CON), and subjects with schizophrenia (SZ), and bipolar disorder (BD). The results showed (i) the mtDNA CN is significantly higher in DLPFC of both SZ and BD, decreased in the STG of BD, and unaltered in V1 and NAc of both SZ and BD; (ii) the mtDNA CD is significantly higher in DLPFC of BD while unaltered in STG, V1, and NAc of both SZ and BD; (iii) The total deletion burden is significantly higher in DLPFC in both SZ and BD while unaltered in STG, V1, and NAc of SZ and BD; (iv) Complex I activity is significantly lower in DLPFC of both SZ and BD, which is driven by the presence of medications, with no alteration in STG, V1, and NAc. In addition, complex I protein concentration, by ELISA, was decreased across three cortical regions of SZ and BD subjects; (v) The number of synapses is decreased in DLPFC of both SZ and BD, while the synaptic mitochondria number was significantly lower in female SZ and female BD compared to female controls. Overall, these findings will pave the way to understand better the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujan C. Das
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Brooke E. Hjelm
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Health Sciences Campus, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Brandi L. Rollins
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Adolfo Sequeira
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Ling Morgan
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Audrey A. Omidsalar
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Health Sciences Campus, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Alan F. Schatzberg
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Jack D. Barchas
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, Ithaca, NJ USA
| | - Francis S. Lee
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, Ithaca, NJ USA
| | - Richard M. Myers
- grid.417691.c0000 0004 0408 3720HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA
| | - Stanley J. Watson
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370The Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Huda Akil
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370The Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - William E. Bunney
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Marquis P. Vawter
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
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7
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Telomere Length as a Marker of Suicidal Risk in Schizophrenia. CONSORTIUM PSYCHIATRICUM 2022. [DOI: 10.17816/cp171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia and suicidal behavior are associated with shortening in the length of telomeres. The aim of the study was to compare the content (pg/mcg) of telomeric repeat in DNA isolated from peripheral blood cells in three groups of subjects: patients with schizophrenia and a history of suicide attempts, patients with schizophrenia without suicidal tendencies, and healthy control volunteers.
METHODS: Relapses according to gender and age were examined in 47 patients with schizophrenia with suicidal behavior, 47 patients without self-destructive conditions, and 47 volunteers with healthy control and maintenance for the content of telomeric and the number of copies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in peripheral blood leukocytes.
RESULTS: Analysis of determining the content of telomeric repeat (TR) in the DNA of massive weight gain in the series: patients with schizophrenia and suicidal attempts patients with schizophrenia without suicidal observations healthy controls (22528.4 (227 [190; 250]) vs. 24321 (245 [228; 260]) vs. 25517.9 (255 [242; 266]), p 0.005. The same trend is observed for the number of mtDNA copies (257101.5 (250 [194; 297])) vs. 262.359.3 (254 [217; 312]) vs. 27279.9 (274 [213; 304]); p=0.012), but no significant differences were recorded.
CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, the phenomenon of telomere shortening was discovered in schizophrenics with suicidal risk. The length of the telomere corresponds to the parameter of a biological marker an objectively measured indicator of normal or pathological processes, but gaining an idea of its reliability is still necessary for verification with an assessment of its sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value. The telomere may be considered a putative predictive indicator of suicidal risk.
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Polho GB, Cardillo GM, Kerr DS, Chile T, Gattaz WF, Forlenza OV, Brentani HP, De-Paula VJ. Antipsychotics preserve telomere length in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after acute oxidative stress injury. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:1156-1160. [PMID: 34558545 PMCID: PMC8552857 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.324852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotics may prolong or retain telomere length, affect mitochondrial function, and then affect the metabolism of nerve cells. To validate the hypothesis that antipsychotics can prolong telomere length after oxidative stress injury, leukocytes from healthy volunteers were extracted using Ficoll-Histopaque density gradient. The mononuclear cells layer was resuspended in cell culture medium. Oxidative stress was induced with hydrogen peroxide in cultured leukocytes. Four days later, leukocytes were treated with aripiprazole, haloperidol or clozapine for 7 days. Real-time PCR revealed that treatments with aripiprazole and haloperidol increased the telomere length by 23% and 20% in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after acute oxidative stress injury. These results suggest that haloperidol and aripiprazole can reduce the damage to telomeres induced by oxidative stress. The experiment procedure was approved by the Ethics Committee of Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMUSP/CAAE approval No. 52622616.8.0000.0065).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel B. Polho
- Laboratório de Neurociências (LIM-27), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Giancarlo M. Cardillo
- Laboratório de Neurociências (LIM-27), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Daniel S. Kerr
- Laboratório de Neurociências (LIM-27), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Thais Chile
- Laboratório de Psicobiologia (LIM-23), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Wagner F. Gattaz
- Laboratório de Neurociências (LIM-27), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Orestes V. Forlenza
- Laboratório de Neurociências (LIM-27), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Helena P. Brentani
- Laboratório de Psicobiologia (LIM-23), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Vanessa J. De-Paula
- Laboratório de Neurociências (LIM-27), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Laboratório de Psicobiologia (LIM-23), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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9
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Chang CC, Chen PS, Lin JR, Chen YA, Liu CS, Lin TT, Chang HH. Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Is Associated With Treatment Response and Cognitive Function in Euthymic Bipolar Patients Receiving Valproate. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 25:525-533. [PMID: 34979555 PMCID: PMC9352174 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyab095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with cognitive impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the associations among mitochondrial DNA copy number (MCN), treatment response, and cognitive function remain elusive in BD patients. METHODS Sixty euthymic BD patients receiving valproate (VPA) and 66 healthy controls from the community were recruited. The indices of metabolic syndrome (MetS) were measured. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of blood leukocytes was used to measure the MCN. Cognitive function was measured by calculating perseverative errors and completed categories on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). The VPA treatment response was measured using the Alda scale. RESULTS BD patients had significantly higher MCN, triglyceride, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, waist circumference, and worse performance on the WCST than the controls. Regression models showed that BD itself and the VPA concentration exerted significant effects on increased MCN levels. Moreover, the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that an MCN of 2.05 distinguished VPA responders from nonresponders, with an area under the curve of 0.705 and a sensitivity and specificity of 0.529 and 0.816, respectively. An MCN level ≥2.05 was associated with 5.39 higher odds of being a VPA responder (P = .006). BD patients who were stratified into the high-MCN group had a higher VPA response rate, better WCST performance, lower CRP level, and less MetS. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests a link between the peripheral MCN and cognitive function in BD patients. As an inflammatory status, MetS might modulate this association.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jhih-Rong Lin
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-San Liu
- Vascular and Genomic Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Tsung Lin
- Vascular and Genomic Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Hui Hua Chang
- Correspondence: Hui Hua Chang, PhD, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan ()
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Durand M, Nagot N, Michel L, Le SM, Duong HT, Vallo R, Vizeneux A, Rapoud D, Giang HT, Quillet C, Thanh NTT, Hai Oanh KT, Vinh VH, Feelemyer J, Vande Perre P, Minh KP, Laureillard D, Des Jarlais D, Molès JP. Mental Disorders Are Associated With Leukocytes Telomere Shortening Among People Who Inject Drugs. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:846844. [PMID: 35782414 PMCID: PMC9247253 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.846844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature biological aging, assessed by shorter telomere length (TL) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) alterations, has been reported among people with major depressive disorders or psychotic disorders. However, these markers have never been assessed together among people who inject drugs (PWIDs), although mental disorders are highly prevalent in this population, which, in addition, is subject to other aggravating exposures. Diagnosis of mental disorders was performed by a psychiatrist using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview test among active PWIDs in Haiphong, Vietnam. mtDNA copy number (MCN), mtDNA deletion, and TL were assessed by quantitative PCR and compared to those without any mental disorder. We next performed a multivariate analysis to identify risk factors associated with being diagnosed with a major depressive episode (MDE) or a psychotic syndrome (PS). In total, 130 and 136 PWIDs with and without psychiatric conditions were analyzed. Among PWIDs with mental disorders, 110 and 74 were diagnosed with MDE and PS, respectively. TL attrition was significantly associated with hepatitis C virus-infected PWIDs with MDE or PS (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.53 [0.36; 0.80] and 0.59 [0.39; 0.88], respectively). TL attrition was even stronger when PWIDs cumulated at least two episodes of major depressive disorders. On the other hand, no difference was observed in mtDNA alterations between groups. The telomeric age difference with drug users without a diagnosis of psychiatric condition was estimated during 4.2-12.8 years according to the number of MDEs, making this group more prone to age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélusine Durand
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, University of Antilles, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Nagot
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, University of Antilles, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Michel
- Pierre Nicole Center, CESP UMR 1018, Paris-Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - Sao Mai Le
- Faculty of Public Health, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Huong Thi Duong
- Faculty of Public Health, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Roselyne Vallo
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, University of Antilles, Montpellier, France
| | - Amélie Vizeneux
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, University of Antilles, Montpellier, France
| | - Delphine Rapoud
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, University of Antilles, Montpellier, France
| | - Hoang Thi Giang
- Faculty of Public Health, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Catherine Quillet
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, University of Antilles, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Vu Hai Vinh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Viet Tiep Hospital, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Jonathan Feelemyer
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Philippe Vande Perre
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, University of Antilles, Montpellier, France
| | - Khue Pham Minh
- Faculty of Public Health, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Didier Laureillard
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, University of Antilles, Montpellier, France.,Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Caremeau University Hospital, Nîmes, France
| | - Don Des Jarlais
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jean-Pierre Molès
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, University of Antilles, Montpellier, France
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Aging biological markers in a cohort of antipsychotic-naïve first-episode psychosis patients. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 132:105350. [PMID: 34271521 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe and multifactorial disorder with an unknown causative pathophysiology. Abnormalities in neurodevelopmental and aging processes have been reported. Relative telomere length (RTL) and DNA methylation age (DMA), well-known biomarkers for estimating biological age, are both commonly altered in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls. However, few studies investigated these aging biomarkers in first-episode psychosis (FEP) and in antipsychotic-naïve patients. To cover the existing gap regarding DMA and RTL in FEP and antipsychotic treatment, we aimed to verify whether those aging markers could be associated with psychosis and treatment response. Thus, we evaluated these measures in the blood of FEP antipsychotic-naïve patients and healthy controls (HC), as well as the response to antipsychotics after 10 weeks of treatment with risperidone. RTL was measured in 392 subjects, being 80 FEP and 312 HC using qPCR, while DMA was analyzed in a subset of 60 HC, 60 FEP patients (antipsychotic-naïve) and 59 FEP-10W (after treatment) using the "Multi-tissue Predictor"and the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip Kit. We observed diminished DMA and longer RTL in FEP patients before treatment compared to healthy controls, indicating a decelerated aging process in those patients. We found no statistical difference between responder and non-responder patients at baseline for both markers. An increased DMA was observed in patients after 10 weeks of treatment, however, after adjusting for blood cell composition, no significant association remained. Our findings indicate a decelerated aging process in the early phases of the disease.
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Schürhoff F, Corfdir C, Pignon B, Lajnef M, Richard JR, Marcos E, Pelissolo A, Leboyer M, Adnot S, Jamain S, Szöke A. No alteration of leukocyte telomere length in first episode psychosis. Psychiatry Res 2021; 301:113941. [PMID: 33945962 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Both shorter telomeres and schizophrenia have been associated with a decrease in life expectancy. Furthermore, several studies found a shorter telomere length (TL) in schizophrenia. Understanding whether or not telomere shortening is directly related to pathophysiology of schizophrenia or is a consequence of a cumulative exposure to chronic stress is of major importance. Comparing the TL of subjects at the very beginning of the disease (FEP) and control subjects could help to decide between these two hypotheses. The aim of the present study was to compare TL between FEP subjects (N=91) and controls (N=137). After accounting for multiple potential confounders, no significant association was observed between FEP and TL. Our result is consistent with the hypothesis that psycho-social stress / adversities and stressful situations in people with schizophrenia affect TL rather than that telomere erosion contributes to the development of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Schürhoff
- Univ Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, INSERM, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental F-94010 Creteil, France.
| | - Cécile Corfdir
- Univ Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, INSERM, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Baptiste Pignon
- Univ Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, INSERM, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Mohamed Lajnef
- Univ Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, INSERM, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Jean-Romain Richard
- Univ Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, INSERM, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Elisabeth Marcos
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie - Explorations fonctionnelles, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, FHU SENEC, Créteil, 94000, France
| | - Antoine Pelissolo
- Univ Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, INSERM, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Univ Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, INSERM, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Serge Adnot
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie - Explorations fonctionnelles, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, FHU SENEC, Créteil, 94000, France
| | - Stephane Jamain
- Univ Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, INSERM, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Andrei Szöke
- Univ Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires « H. Mondor », DMU IMPACT, INSERM, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental F-94010 Creteil, France
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13
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Corfdir C, Pignon B, Szöke A, Schürhoff F. [Accelerated telomere erosion in schizophrenia: A literature review]. Encephale 2021; 47:369-375. [PMID: 33863507 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with a weighted average of 14.5 years of potential life lost according to a recent meta-analysis. This is partly explained by high rates of suicide and a high prevalence of non-psychiatric comorbidity (cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancers…). However, all these causes could not fully explain the loss of life expectancy in people suffering from schizophrenia. Life expectancy has been strongly correlated with telomere length (TL). Telomeres are noncoding structures consisting of DNA TTAGGG tandem repeats and associated proteins located at the end of the chromosomes. Their role is to help preserve genome stability by protecting chromosomal ends from the loss of genetic material. The progressive loss of telomeric material during cell divisions has led researchers to consider telomeres as molecular clocks that measure the number of divisions left until cellular death. The fact that both shorter telomeres and schizophrenia have been associated with a decrease in life expectancy has fueled the interest in the study of TL in schizophrenia. In this article, after a detailed review of the literature on the relationships between telomere length and schizophrenia, we discuss the different pathophysiological mechanisms which might explain this association. Based on this analysis, in the last part of the article we discuss potential research, therapeutic and prevention prospects. To date, the majority of the studies and meta-analyses found a decrease in TL in subjects with schizophrenia compared to control subjects. Conversely, all the studies exploring the TL in subjects suffering from first episode psychosis (FEP) have shown no significant difference from TL in control subjects. This suggests that excessive shortening of telomeres occurs during the course of the disease, thus it seems more probable that schizophrenia (or processes associated with it) affects TL rather than telomere erosion being a cause of the disorder. Several pathophysiological, non-mutually exclusive mechanisms have been proposed to explain the observed data. A first hypothesis to explain the acceleration of the physiological process of telomere erosion in schizophrenia is the activation of inflammation processes and oxidative stress as a consequence of schizophrenia per se. However, it seems more probable that reduced TL may be a result of cumulative exposure to chronic stress related to schizophrenia. Indeed, in healthy individuals a growing body of evidence has linked chronic stress to accelerated shortening of TL. This might explain why telomere erosion is too small to be detected in FEP patients who are younger and have a shorter duration of illness than subjects with schizophrenia. Based on these both explanations, telomere alterations may be considered as a biomarker of illness progression and might be useful for illness staging. Identifying processes associated with TL reduction might improve our understanding of the increased mortality and morbidity in schizophrenia, improve reliability of diagnosis, and hopefully suggest means for prevention and/or treatment. Treatments that prevent exposure and/or vulnerability to stressful life events that ameliorate schizophrenia may also prevent or decelerate telomere erosion. In this perspective, engaging subjects suffering from schizophrenia in a healthy diet and regular activity could be both promising strategies to protect telomere maintenance and improve health span at old age. In addition, the inflammatory process and oxidative stress involved in the physiopathology in at least a subgroup of subjects with schizophrenia could also be responsible for telomere erosion. Thus, an efficient anti-inflammatory therapeutic approach that targets these specific pathways could be of interest in this subgroup to limit telomere erosion. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) therapies have been shown to reduce telomere erosion by increasing telomerase activity, although these psychological therapies should be used carefully in psychosis. Finally, advancing our understanding of the relationship between stress, inflammation and TL is of great interest for psychiatric research and for understanding stress effects in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Corfdir
- DMU IMPACT, Inserm, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental, hôpitaux universitaires « H. Mondor », université Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 94010 Creteil, France
| | - B Pignon
- DMU IMPACT, Inserm, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental, hôpitaux universitaires « H. Mondor », université Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 94010 Creteil, France
| | - A Szöke
- DMU IMPACT, Inserm, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental, hôpitaux universitaires « H. Mondor », université Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 94010 Creteil, France
| | - F Schürhoff
- DMU IMPACT, Inserm, IMRB, translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental, hôpitaux universitaires « H. Mondor », université Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 94010 Creteil, France.
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14
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Öğütlü H, Esin İS, Erdem HB, Tatar A, Dursun OB. Mitochondrial DNA copy number may be associated with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder severity in treatment: a one-year follow-up study. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2021; 25:37-42. [PMID: 33555215 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2021.1879158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies on etiopathogenesis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are increasingly focussing on mitochondrial dysfunction. Children diagnosed with ADHD who had significantly higher mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy numbers than healthy children in our first study were re-examined in 1-year follow-up to investigate effects of severity and treatment of ADHD on mtDNA. METHODS Twenty-eight patients who participated in previous study were included in this follow-up study. Patients were equally divided into two groups according to whether they had been receiving treatment. Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version, and Conners Parent Rating Scale (CPRS) were used. Polymerase chain reaction was performed. RESULTS Means of the first and second mtDNA copy were similar in all patients. mtDNA copy numbers did not change between two measurements in treated and non-treated groups. There was a correlation between CPRS ADHD index and inattention scores and mtDNA copy number in treated group. mtDNA copy number did not change in patients with ADHD over a period of 1 year regardless of treatment. CONCLUSIONS There may be a relationship between decreased ADHD severity with treatment and positive effects of mitochondrial functions. Mitochondrial dysfunction may play a role in pathophysiology of ADHD.KEY POINTSThis was the first study to follow up ADHD patients in order to investigate mitochondrial dysfunction by measuring mtDNA copy numbers 1 year after the initial measurements.mtDNA copy number, one of the best markers of mitochondrial dysfunction, did not change in ADHD patients over a period of 1 year regardless of treatment.Mitochondrial dysfunction may play a role in the pathophysiology of ADHD, where it may be involved with or without treatment.In the treated group, there was an association between decreased ADHD severity and reduced mtDNA copy numbers.There may be a relationship between decreased ADHD severity with treatment and the positive effects of mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Öğütlü
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Selçuk Esin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Haktan Bağış Erdem
- Department of Medical Genetic, Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Abdülgani Tatar
- Department of Medical Genetic, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Onur Burak Dursun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
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Melicher D, Illés A, Littvay L, Tárnoki ÁD, Tárnoki DL, Bikov A, Kunos L, Csabán D, Buzás EI, Molnár MJ, Falus A. Positive association and future perspectives of mitochondrial DNA copy number and telomere length - a pilot twin study. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:1191-1199. [PMID: 34522248 PMCID: PMC8425227 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.83173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent experimental and population studies have highlighted the existence of telomere-mitochondria interplay. Besides studies revealing the molecular mechanisms underlying the associations of telomere defects and mitochondrial functions, investigations of mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and telomere length (TL) in healthy and disease phenotypes have likewise begun, with the aim of gaining more insights about their relationship in humans. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 142 asymptomatic adult twins, comprising 96 monozygotic (MZ) and 46 dizygotic (DZ) twins (mean age: 50.54 ±15.43 years), members of the Hungarian Twin Registry, were included in the analysis. Applying the qPCR standard curve method, we investigated the relationship of mtDNA copy number, telomere length and clinical data, besides assessing co-twin similarities of MZ and DZ twins for their mtDNAcn and TL measures. RESULTS We found that twins were similar in their intraclass correlation coefficients irrespective of zygosity, suggesting a possibly more important role of common (shared) environmental factors compared to non-shared (unique) environmental and to a smaller degree also individual genetic influences. We confirmed a significant positive association between mtDNAcn and TL (r = 0.28, p < 0.01) in age- and sex-corrected analysis. Following bivariate estimates and correction with significant predictors, the independent positive associations were further verified. CONCLUSIONS Our results extend the until now modest number of studies investigating mtDNAcn and TL simultaneously in humans. In addition, we are the first to examine the relationship between mtDNAcn and telomere length in MZ and DZ twin subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Melicher
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Immunproteogenomics Extracellular Vesicle Research Group
- Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anett Illés
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Levente Littvay
- Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
- Central European University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Domonkos Tárnoki
- Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Radiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid László Tárnoki
- Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Radiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Bikov
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Kunos
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Csabán
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Irén Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Immunproteogenomics Extracellular Vesicle Research Group
| | - Mária Judit Molnár
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Falus
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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16
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Squassina A, Manchia M, Pisanu C, Ardau R, Arzedi C, Bocchetta A, Caria P, Cocco C, Congiu D, Cossu E, Dettori T, Frau DV, Garzilli M, Manca E, Meloni A, Montis MA, Mura A, Nieddu M, Noli B, Paribello P, Pinna F, Robledo R, Severino G, Sogos V, Del Zompo M, Ferri GL, Chillotti C, Vanni R, Carpiniello B. Telomere attrition and inflammatory load in severe psychiatric disorders and in response to psychotropic medications. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:2229-2238. [PMID: 32919410 PMCID: PMC7784910 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00844-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with severe psychiatric disorders have a reduced life expectancy compared to the general population. At the biological level, patients with these disorders present features that suggest the involvement of accelerated aging, such as increased circulating inflammatory markers and shorter telomere length (TL). To date, the role of the interplay between inflammation and telomere dynamics in the pathophysiology of severe psychiatric disorders has been scarcely investigated. In this study we measured T-lymphocytes TL with quantitative fluorescent in situ hybridization (Q-FISH) and plasma levels of inflammatory markers in a cohort comprised of 40 patients with bipolar disorder (BD), 41 with schizophrenia (SZ), 37 with major depressive disorder (MDD), and 36 non-psychiatric controls (NPC). TL was shorter in SZ and in MDD compared to NPC, while it was longer in BD (model F6, 137 = 20.128, p = 8.73 × 10-17, effect of diagnosis, F3 = 31.870; p = 1.08 × 10-15). There was no effect of the different classes of psychotropic medications, while duration of treatment with mood stabilizers was associated with longer TL (Partial correlation controlled for age and BMI: correlation coefficient = 0.451; p = 0.001). Levels of high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) were higher in SZ compared to NPC (adjusted p = 0.027), and inversely correlated with TL in the whole sample (r = -0.180; p = 0.042). Compared to NPC, patients with treatment resistant (TR) SZ had shorter TL (p = 0.001), while patients with TR MDD had higher levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) compared to NPC (p = 0.028) and to non-TR (p = 0.039). Comorbidity with cardio-metabolic disorders did not influence the observed differences in TL, hsCRP, and TNFα among the diagnostic groups. Our study suggests that patients with severe psychiatric disorders present reduced TL and increased inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Squassina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Mirko Manchia
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Claudia Pisanu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Raffaella Ardau
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carlo Arzedi
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alberto Bocchetta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paola Caria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Biology and Genetics, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristina Cocco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, NEF Laboratory, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Donatella Congiu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cossu
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Tinuccia Dettori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Biology and Genetics, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Daniela Virginia Frau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Biology and Genetics, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mario Garzilli
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elias Manca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, NEF Laboratory, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Anna Meloni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Montis
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Mura
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mariella Nieddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Biology and Genetics, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Barbara Noli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, NEF Laboratory, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Paribello
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Pinna
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Renato Robledo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Biology and Genetics, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Severino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Valeria Sogos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cytomorphology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Del Zompo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Ferri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, NEF Laboratory, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Caterina Chillotti
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberta Vanni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Biology and Genetics, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Bernardo Carpiniello
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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17
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Shivakumar V, Rajasekaran A, Subbanna M, Kalmady SV, Venugopal D, Agrawal R, Amaresha AC, Agarwal SM, Joseph B, Narayanaswamy JC, Debnath M, Venkatasubramanian G, Gangadhar BN. Leukocyte mitochondrial DNA copy number in schizophrenia. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 53:102193. [PMID: 32585632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Schizophrenia is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder with significant genetic predisposition. In a subset of schizophrenia patients, mitochondrial dysfunction could be explained by the genomic defects like mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Variations, which are considered as a sensitive index of cellular oxidative stress. Given the high energy demands for neuronal functions, altered Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and consequent impaired mitochondrial physiology would significantly influence schizophrenia pathogenesis. In this context, we have made an attempt to study mitochondrial dysfunction in schizophrenia by assessing mtDNAcn in antipsychotic-naïve/free schizophrenia patients. METHOD mtDNAcn was measured in 90 antipsychotic-naïve / free schizophrenia (SCZ) patients and 147 Healthy Controls (HC). The relative mtDNAcn was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using TaqMan® multiplex assay method. RESULT A statistically significant difference between groups [t = 5.22, P < 0.001] was observed, with significantly lower mtDNAcn in SCZ compared to HC. The group differences persisted even after controlling for age and sex [F (4, 232) = 22.68, P < 0.001, η2 = 0.09]. CONCLUSION Lower mtDNAcn in SCZ compared to HC suggests that mtDNAcn may hold potential to serve as an important proxy marker of mitochondrial function in antipsychotic-naïve/free SCZ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkataram Shivakumar
- Department of Integrative Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India; Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Cognitive Neurobiology Division, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India.
| | - Ashwini Rajasekaran
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Cognitive Neurobiology Division, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India; Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Manjula Subbanna
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Cognitive Neurobiology Division, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India; Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Sunil Vasu Kalmady
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Cognitive Neurobiology Division, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India; Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Deepthi Venugopal
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Cognitive Neurobiology Division, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India; Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Rimjhim Agrawal
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Cognitive Neurobiology Division, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India; Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Anekal C Amaresha
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Cognitive Neurobiology Division, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India; Department of Sociology and Social Work, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India
| | - Sri Mahavir Agarwal
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Cognitive Neurobiology Division, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India; Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Boban Joseph
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Janardhanan C Narayanaswamy
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Cognitive Neurobiology Division, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India; Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Monojit Debnath
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Ganesan Venkatasubramanian
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Cognitive Neurobiology Division, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India; Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Bangalore N Gangadhar
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
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18
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Wang D, Li H, Du X, Zhou J, Yuan L, Ren H, Yang X, Zhang G, Chen X. Circulating Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Antioxidant Enzymes Activities, and Mitochondrial DNA in Bipolar Disorder: An Exploratory Report. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:514658. [PMID: 33061913 PMCID: PMC7518036 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.514658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Accumulated evidence indicates that neurotrophin deregulations, oxidative stress injury, and mitochondrial dysfunction have been involved in bipolar disorder (BD); however, their real roles in BD are unclear. Investing the possible interaction between three systems is worthwhile understanding this complex process. METHODS We measured plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level, leukocytes mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn), and activities of antioxidant enzymes in BD patients (n = 97) and healthy controls (n = 31). Analysis of variance and linear regression analyses were performed to explore the interaction between mtDNAcn, antioxidant enzymes, and BDNF. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, there were significant decreases of glutathione peroxidase activity, BDNF levels, and mtDNA content, significant increases of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity among BD patients (all p < 0.05). Regression analysis showed MnSOD activity had a moderate effect on BDNF (beta = 0.23, t = 8.5, p = 0.001). Copper zinc SOD and total SOD activity were significantly correlated with Hamilton Depression Scale scores in depressive patients (r = -0.38, p = 0.013; r = -0.35, p = 0.022). Unexpectedly, we observed no significant correlation between mtDNA content and BDNF in BD patients (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The findings coincide with our hypothesis that abnormal antioxidant enzymes, mtDNAcn, and peripheral BDNF may be involved in the course of BD. There were significant correlations between peripheral BDNF, antioxidant enzyme activities and mtDNAcn, suggesting that oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and BDNF may influence each other in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Suzhou Mental Health Center, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, the Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Du
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Suzhou Mental Health Center, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, the Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Health Disorders, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liu Yuan
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Health Disorders, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Honghong Ren
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Health Disorders, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaonan Yang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Suzhou Mental Health Center, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, the Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guangya Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Suzhou Mental Health Center, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, the Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Health Disorders, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
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19
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Fries GR, Bauer IE, Scaini G, Valvassori SS, Walss-Bass C, Soares JC, Quevedo J. Accelerated hippocampal biological aging in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2020; 22:498-507. [PMID: 31746071 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evidence suggests accelerated aging mechanisms in bipolar disorder (BD), including DNA methylation (DNAm) aging in blood. However, it is unknown whether such mechanisms are also evident in the brain, in particular in association with other biological clocks. To investigate this, we interrogated genome-wide DNAm in postmortem hippocampus from 32 BD-I patients and 32 non-psychiatric controls group-matched for age and sex from the NIMH Human Brain Collection Core. METHODS DNAm age and epigenetic aging acceleration were estimated using the Horvath method. Telomere length (TL) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number were quantified by real-time PCR. Between-group differences were assessed by linear regression and univariate general linear models with age, sex, race, postmortem interval, tissue pH, smoking, and body mass index included as co-variates. RESULTS Groups did not differ for epigenetic aging acceleration when considering the entire sample. However, after splitting the sample by the median age, an epigenetic aging acceleration was detected in patients compared to controls among older subjects (P = .042). While TL did not differ between groups, a reduction in mtDNA copy number was observed in patients compared to controls (P = .047). In addition, significant correlations were observed between epigenetic aging acceleration and TL (r = -.337, P = .006), as well as between TL and mtDNA copy number (r = .274, P = .028). CONCLUSIONS Hippocampal aging may underlie neurocognitive dysfunctions observed in BD patients. Moreover, our results suggest a complex cross-talk between biological clocks in hippocampus that may underlie clinical manifestations of premature aging in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel R Fries
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Isabelle E Bauer
- Center of Excellence in Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samira S Valvassori
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Consuelo Walss-Bass
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jair C Soares
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.,Center of Excellence in Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joao Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.,Center of Excellence in Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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20
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Valiente-Pallejà A, Torrell H, Alonso Y, Vilella E, Muntané G, Martorell L. Increased blood lactate levels during exercise and mitochondrial DNA alterations converge on mitochondrial dysfunction in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2020; 220:61-68. [PMID: 32327316 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction and an elevation of lactate are observed in patients with schizophrenia (SZ). However, it is unknown whether mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with the presence of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) alterations and comorbid clinical conditions. We aimed to identify systemic mitochondrial abnormalities in blood samples of patients with SZ that may have a high impact on the brain due to its high bioenergetic requirements. METHODS Case/control study between 57 patients with SZ and 33 healthy controls (HCs). We measured lactate levels at baseline, during 15 min of exercise (at 5, 10 and 15 min) and at rest. We also evaluated the presence of clinical conditions associated with mitochondrial disorders (CAMDs), measured the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR, a subclinical inflammatory marker), and analyzed mtDNA variation and copy number. RESULTS Linear models adjusting for covariates showed that patients with SZ exhibited higher elevation of lactate than HCs during exercise but not at baseline or at rest. In accordance, patients showed higher number of CAMDs and lower mtDNA copy number. Interestingly, CAMDs correlated with both lactate levels and mtDNA copy number, which in turn correlated with the NLR. Finally, we identified 13 putative pathogenic variants in the mtDNA of 11 participants with SZ not present in HCs, together with a lactate elevation during exercise that was significantly higher in these 11 carriers than in the noncarriers. CONCLUSIONS These results are consistent with systemic mitochondrial malfunctioning in SZ and pinpoint lactate metabolism and mtDNA as targets for potential therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Valiente-Pallejà
- Research Department, Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM), Universitat Rovira I Virgili (URV), E43206 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), E43204 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), E43204 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Helena Torrell
- Center for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT Technology Centre of Catalonia, Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures, Reus, Spain, 43204 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Alonso
- Research Department, Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM), Universitat Rovira I Virgili (URV), E43206 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), E43204 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), E43204 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elisabet Vilella
- Research Department, Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM), Universitat Rovira I Virgili (URV), E43206 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), E43204 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), E43204 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gerard Muntané
- Research Department, Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM), Universitat Rovira I Virgili (URV), E43206 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), E43204 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), E43204 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institute of Evolutionary Biology (IBE), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), E08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Lourdes Martorell
- Research Department, Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM), Universitat Rovira I Virgili (URV), E43206 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), E43204 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), E43204 Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
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21
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Suárez-Méndez S, García-de la Cruz DD, Tovilla-Zárate CA, Genis-Mendoza AD, Ramón-Torres RA, González-Castro TB, Juárez-Rojop IE. Diverse roles of mtDNA in schizophrenia: Implications in its pathophysiology and as biomarker for cognitive impairment. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 155:36-41. [PMID: 32437701 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a mental disorder characterized by neurocognitive dysfunctions and a reduction in occupational and social functioning. Several studies have provided evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of SZ. In this sense, it is known that the addition of genetic variations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) impairs oxidative phosphorylation of enzymatic complexes in mitochondria, resulting in ATP depletion and subsequent enhancement of reactive oxygen species; this is associated with cellular degeneration and apoptosis observed in some neuropsychiatric disorders. As a consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction, an increase in circulating cell-free mtDNA fragments can occur, which has been observed in individuals with SZ. Moreover, due to the bacterial origin of mitochondria, these cell-free mtDNA fragments in blood plasma may induce inflammatory and immunogenic responses, especially when their release is enhanced in specific disease conditions. However, the exact mechanism by which mtDNA could be released into blood plasma is not yet clear. Therefore, the aims of this review article were to discuss the participation of mtDNA genetic variations in physiopathologic mechanisms of SZ, and to determine the status of the disease and the possible ensuing changes over time by using circulating cell-free mtDNA fragments as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Suárez-Méndez
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Dulce Dajheanne García-de la Cruz
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico; Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Salud Mental, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Carlos Alfonso Tovilla-Zárate
- División Académica de Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil "Dr. Juan N. Navarro", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rosa Angélica Ramón-Torres
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Thelma Beatriz González-Castro
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico; División Académica de Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Méndez, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Isela Esther Juárez-Rojop
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico.
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Energization by multiple substrates and calcium challenge reveal dysfunctions in brain mitochondria in a model related to acute psychosis. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2019; 52:1-15. [PMID: 31853754 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-019-09816-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia etiology is unknown, nevertheless imbalances occurring in an acute psychotic episode are important to its development, such as alterations in cellular energetic state, REDOX homeostasis and intracellular Ca2+ management, all of which are controlled primarily by mitochondria. However, mitochondrial function was always evaluated singularly, in the presence of specific respiratory substrates, without considering the plurality of the electron transport system. In this study, mitochondrial function was analyzed under conditions of isolated or multiple respiratory substrates using brain mitochondria isolated from MK-801-exposed mice. Results showed a high H2O2 production in the presence of pyruvate/malate, with no change in oxygen consumption. In the condition of multiple substrates, however, this effect is lost. The analysis of Ca2+ retention capacity revealed a significant change in the uptake kinetics of this ion by mitochondria in MK-801-exposed animals. Futhermore, when mitochondria were exposed to calcium, a total loss of oxidative phosphorylation and an impressive increase in H2O2 production were observed in the condition of multiple substrates. There was no alteration in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes analyzed. The data demonstrate for the first time, in an animal model of psychosis, two important aspects (1) mitochondria may compensate deficiencies in a single mitochondrial complex when they oxidize several substrates simultaneously, (2) Ca2+ handling is compromised in MK-801-exposed mice, resulting in a loss of phosphorylative capacity and an increase in H2O2 production. These data favor the hypothesis that disruption of key physiological roles of mitochondria may be a trigger in acute psychosis and, consequently, schizophrenia.
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23
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Chung JK, Lee SY, Park M, Joo EJ, Kim SA. Investigation of mitochondrial DNA copy number in patients with major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2019; 282:112616. [PMID: 31639552 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). This dysfunction can be indirectly assessed using the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number. A total of 118 patients with MDD and 116 age- and sex-matched control subjects were recruited for this study, and mtDNA copy numbers were measured in peripheral blood cells. This study also examined the potential variables that might impact mtDNA copy number in MDD, including age and clinical features. Additionally, epigenetic control of mtDNA copy number was examined by assessing DNA methylation ratios in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) promoter in nuclear DNA and the displacement loop (D-loop) region of mtDNA. The present results showed that patients with MDD had a higher mtDNA copy number and a decreased DNA methylation status in the PGC1α promoter. mtDNA copy numbers were negatively associated with an age, psychomotor agitation, and somatic symptoms in MDD. These results suggest that the alterations in mitochondrial function and epigenetic change of PGC1α may be relevant to the pathophysiology of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kyung Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Eumsung-somang Hospital, Eumsung, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Eulji University, 77, Gyeryong-ro 771 beon-gil, Jung-gu, Daejeon 34824, Republic of Korea
| | - Mira Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Joo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, 68 Hangeulbiseokro, Nowon-Gu, 01830 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soon Ae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Eulji University, 77, Gyeryong-ro 771 beon-gil, Jung-gu, Daejeon 34824, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Czarny P, Bialek K, Ziolkowska S, Strycharz J, Sliwinski T. DNA damage and repair in neuropsychiatric disorders. What do we know and what are the future perspectives? Mutagenesis 2019; 35:79-106. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gez035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractOver the past two decades, extensive research has been done to elucidate the molecular etiology and pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. In majority of them, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, increased oxidative and nitrosative stress was found. This stress is known to induce oxidative damage to biomolecules, including DNA. Accordingly, increased mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, as well as RNA damage, were observed in patients suffering from these diseases. However, recent findings indicate that the patients are characterised by impaired DNA repair pathways, which may suggest that these DNA lesions could be also a result of their insufficient repair. In the current systematic, critical review, we aim to sum up, using available literature, the knowledge about the involvement of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA damage and repair, as well as about damage to RNA in pathoetiology of neuropsychiatric disorders, i.e., AD, PD, ALS, BD, schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, as well as the usefulness of the discussed factors as being diagnostic markers and targets for new therapies. Moreover, we also underline the new directions to which future studies should head to elucidate these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Czarny
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bialek
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sylwia Ziolkowska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Strycharz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sliwinski
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Valiati FE, Hizo GH, Pinto JV, Kauer-Sant`Anna M. The Possible Role of Telomere Length and Chemokines in the Aging Process: A Transdiagnostic Review in Psychiatry. CURRENT PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH AND REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573400515666190719155906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:Psychiatric disorders are common, reaching a worldwide prevalence of 29.2%. They are associated with a high risk of premature death and with accelerated aging in clinical, molecular and neuroimaging studies. Recently, there is strong evidence suggesting a possible role of telomere length and chemokines in aging processes in psychiatric disorders.Objective:We aimed to review the literature on telomere length and chemokines and its association with early aging in mental illnesses on a transdiagnostic approach.Results:The review highlights the association between psychiatric disorders and early aging. Several independent studies have reported shorter telomere length and dysregulations on levels of circulating chemokines in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and anxiety disorders, suggesting a complex interaction between these markers in a transdiagnostic level. However, studies have investigated the inflammatory markers and telomere shortening separately and associated with a particular diagnosis, rather than as a transdiagnostic biological feature.Conclusion:There is consistent evidence supporting the relationship between accelerated aging, telomere length, and chemokines in mental disorders, but they have been studied individually. Thus, more research is needed to improve the knowledge of accelerated senescence and its biomarkers in psychiatry, not only individually in each diagnosis, but also based on a transdiagnostic perspective. Moreover, further research should try to elucidate how the intricate association between the chemokines and telomeres together may contribute to the aging process in psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Endler Valiati
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Henrique Hizo
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jairo Vinícius Pinto
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Márcia Kauer-Sant`Anna
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Han LKM, Verhoeven JE, Tyrka AR, Penninx BWJH, Wolkowitz OM, Månsson KNT, Lindqvist D, Boks MP, Révész D, Mellon SH, Picard M. Accelerating research on biological aging and mental health: Current challenges and future directions. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 106:293-311. [PMID: 31154264 PMCID: PMC6589133 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with complex biological changes that can be accelerated, slowed, or even temporarily reversed by biological and non-biological factors. This article focuses on the link between biological aging, psychological stressors, and mental illness. Rather than comprehensively reviewing this rapidly expanding field, we highlight challenges in this area of research and propose potential strategies to accelerate progress in this field. This effort requires the interaction of scientists across disciplines - including biology, psychiatry, psychology, and epidemiology; and across levels of analysis that emphasize different outcome measures - functional capacity, physiological, cellular, and molecular. Dialogues across disciplines and levels of analysis naturally lead to new opportunities for discovery but also to stimulating challenges. Some important challenges consist of 1) establishing the best objective and predictive biological age indicators or combinations of indicators, 2) identifying the basis for inter-individual differences in the rate of biological aging, and 3) examining to what extent interventions can delay, halt or temporarily reverse aging trajectories. Discovering how psychological states influence biological aging, and vice versa, has the potential to create novel and exciting opportunities for healthcare and possibly yield insights into the fundamental mechanisms that drive human aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura KM Han
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Oldenaller 1, The Netherlands,Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Josine E Verhoeven
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Oldenaller 1, The Netherlands
| | - Audrey R Tyrka
- Butler Hospital and the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Brenda WJH Penninx
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Oldenaller 1, The Netherlands,Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Owen M Wolkowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kristoffer NT Månsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Lindqvist
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA,Psychiatric Clinic, Lund, Division of Psychiatry, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marco P Boks
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dóra Révész
- Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Synthia H Mellon
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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27
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Kim Y, Vadodaria KC, Lenkei Z, Kato T, Gage FH, Marchetto MC, Santos R. Mitochondria, Metabolism, and Redox Mechanisms in Psychiatric Disorders. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:275-317. [PMID: 30585734 PMCID: PMC6602118 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Our current knowledge of the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms causing psychiatric disorders is modest, but genetic susceptibility and environmental factors are central to the etiology of these conditions. Autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder show genetic gene risk overlap and share symptoms and metabolic comorbidities. The identification of such common features may provide insights into the development of these disorders. Recent Advances: Multiple pieces of evidence suggest that brain energy metabolism, mitochondrial functions and redox balance are impaired to various degrees in psychiatric disorders. Since mitochondrial metabolism and redox signaling can integrate genetic and environmental environmental factors affecting the brain, it is possible that they are implicated in the etiology and progression of psychiatric disorders. Critical Issue: Evidence for direct links between cellular mitochondrial dysfunction and disease features are missing. Future Directions: A better understanding of the mitochondrial biology and its intracellular connections to the nuclear genome, the endoplasmic reticulum and signaling pathways, as well as its role in intercellular communication in the organism, is still needed. This review focuses on the findings that implicate mitochondrial dysfunction, the resultant metabolic changes and oxidative stress as important etiological factors in the context of psychiatric disorders. We also propose a model where specific pathophysiologies of psychiatric disorders depend on circuit-specific impairments of mitochondrial dysfunction and redox signaling at specific developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeni Kim
- 1 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, South Korea.,2 Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Krishna C Vadodaria
- 2 Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Zsolt Lenkei
- 3 Laboratory of Dynamic of Neuronal Structure in Health and Disease, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (UMR_S1266 INSERM, University Paris Descartes), Paris, France
| | - Tadafumi Kato
- 4 Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Fred H Gage
- 2 Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Maria C Marchetto
- 2 Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Renata Santos
- 2 Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California.,3 Laboratory of Dynamic of Neuronal Structure in Health and Disease, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (UMR_S1266 INSERM, University Paris Descartes), Paris, France
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28
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Monroy-Jaramillo N, Dyukova E, Walss-Bass C. Telomere length in psychiatric disorders: Is it more than an ageing marker? World J Biol Psychiatry 2019; 19:S2-S20. [PMID: 28000540 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1273550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Psychiatric and substance-use disorders have been associated with premature biological ageing. Telomere length (TL), considered an ageing marker, has been analysed in psychiatric disorders, and to a lesser extent in substance-use disorders, with recent findings suggesting TL may be related to disease pathology. METHODS We conducted a critical and non-systematic literature search of TL studies published up to June 2016 in psychiatric and substance-use disorders, focussing on studies describing mechanisms, including studies linking telomere biology with genetic factors, stress and mitochondrial alterations (104 studies selected). RESULTS Patients with major depressive disorder and anxiety appear to have shorter leukocyte telomeres compared to controls. Inconclusive results are found for other psychiatric disorders and for substance-use disorders. This may be due in part to differences in medication treatment and response, as studies suggest that some psychotropic medications may modulate TL. Importantly, some studies establish a relationship between telomere machinery, stress and mitochondria function in psychiatric and substance-use disorders. CONCLUSIONS While further longitudinal studies considering telomere genetics are needed to clarify the cause-effect link between telomeres and mitochondria function in psychiatric and substance-use disorders, the recent findings linking these biological processes suggest that telomeres may be more than ageing markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Monroy-Jaramillo
- a Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) , Houston , TX , USA.,b Department of Genetics , National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suarez , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Elena Dyukova
- a Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Consuelo Walss-Bass
- a Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) , Houston , TX , USA
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Çevik B, Mançe-Çalışır Ö, Atbaşoğlu EC, Saka MC, Alptekin K, Üçok A, Sırmatel B, Gülöksüz S, Tükün A, van Os J, Gümüş-Akay G. Psychometric liability to psychosis and childhood adversities are associated with shorter telomere length: A study on schizophrenia patients, unaffected siblings, and non-clinical controls. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 111:169-185. [PMID: 30776705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Compared to the general population, individuals diagnosed with Schizophrenia (SCZ) experience a higher frequency and an earlier onset of chronic medical disorders, resulting in a reduction in life expectancy by an average of 15-25 years. Recently, it has been hypothesized that SCZ is a syndrome of accelerated aging. Childhood adversity was also associated with the pathogenesis and course of SCZ. Our hypothesis was that both SCZ patients and their unaffected siblings would have shorter telomere length (TL) compared to of non-clinical controls. Our additional goals were to determine (1) whether shorter TL correlates with intermediate phenotypes of SCZ (i.e. Psychosis-like symptoms and schizotypal traits); and (2) whether childhood adversities have a moderating role in TL shortening among SCZ and their unaffected siblings. To this end, SCZ patients (n = 100), their unaffected siblings (n = 100) and non-clinical controls (n = 100) were enrolled. The main variables were TL, measured by aTL-qPCR; psychotic-like and schizotypal symptoms, assessed by The Community Assessment of Psychic Experience (CAPE) and the Structured Interview for Schizotypy-Revised (SIS-R), respectively; and childhood adversities evaluated by the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse (CECA)-Interview. Potentially relevant variables also included in the analyses were: Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores, cognitive performance, and socio-demographic features. In contrast to our hypothesis patients had similar TL when compared to the non-clinical controls. Interestingly, unaffected siblings had longer TL compared to both patients and controls (p < 0.001). Independent from group status a negative correlation was observed between TL and psychotic-like symptoms as rated by the CAPE (p < 0.01). Childhood adversities, especially loneliness between ages 0 and 11 were also negatively associated with TL (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that psychometric liability to psychosis and childhood adversities may be associated with shorter TL. Unaffected siblings had longer TL, suggesting the potential role of resilience on both the TL and the clinical presentation. These findings must be considered preliminary, calling for larger-scale replication efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Çevik
- Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey; Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Eşref Cem Atbaşoğlu
- Department of Psychiatry, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meram Can Saka
- Department of Psychiatry, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Köksal Alptekin
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Alp Üçok
- Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Sırmatel
- Department of Physiology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sinan Gülöksüz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Ajlan Tükün
- Center of Genetic Diagnosis, Duzen Laboratories Group, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jim van Os
- Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands; King's College London, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
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30
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Anitha A, Thanseem I, Vasu MM, Viswambharan V, Poovathinal SA. Telomeres in neurological disorders. Adv Clin Chem 2019; 90:81-132. [PMID: 31122612 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ever since their discovery, the telomeres and the telomerase have been topics of intensive research, first as a mechanism of cellular aging and later as an indicator of health and diseases in humans. By protecting the chromosome ends, the telomeres play a vital role in preserving the information in our genome. Telomeres shorten with age and the rate of telomere erosion provides insight into the proliferation history of cells. The pace of telomere attrition is known to increase at the onset of several pathological conditions. Telomere shortening has been emerging as a potential contributor in the pathogenesis of several neurological disorders including autism spectrum disorders (ASD), schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and depression. The rate of telomere attrition in the brain is slower than that of other tissues owing to the low rate of cell proliferation in brain. Telomere maintenance is crucial for the functioning of stem cells in brain. Taking together the studies on telomere attrition in various neurological disorders, an association between telomere shortening and disease status has been demonstrated in schizophrenia, AD and depression, in spite of a few negative reports. But, studies in ASD and PD have failed to produce conclusive results. The cause-effect relationship between TL and neurological disorders is yet to be elucidated. The factors responsible for telomere erosion, which have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, need to be explored in detail. Telomerase activation is now being considered as a potential therapeutic strategy for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyappan Anitha
- Institute for Communicative and Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Palakkad, Kerala, India.
| | - Ismail Thanseem
- Institute for Communicative and Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Mahesh Mundalil Vasu
- Institute for Communicative and Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Vijitha Viswambharan
- Institute for Communicative and Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Suresh A Poovathinal
- Institute for Communicative and Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Palakkad, Kerala, India
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31
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García-de la Cruz DD, Juárez-Rojop IE, Tovilla-Zárate CA, Martínez-Magaña JJ, Genis-Mendoza AD, Nicolini H, González-Castro TB, Guzmán-Priego CG, López-Martínez NA, Hernández-Cisneros JA, Caballero-Prado F. Association between mitochondrial DNA and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: study protocol for a Mexican population. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:1717-1722. [PMID: 31388301 PMCID: PMC6607197 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s208587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) fragments in blood plasma have been reported in patients with schizophrenia (SZ). Although the relationship of cf-mtDNA to the cognitive status of patients with SZ has not yet been explored, it is known that cognitive impairment in SZ compromises the functional and social capacity of these patients and diminishes their quality of life. In this sense, the assessment of the severity of cognitive impairment in a Mexican population with SZ and its association with cf-mtDNA levels in blood plasma may provide the possibility of using cf-mtDNA as a biomarker to determine the status of the disease and the possible ensuing changes over time. METHODS Subjects for a case-control study will be recruited. cf-mtDNA obtained from blood plasma will be quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction, using melting curve technology with SYBR green as amplification marker. Patients with SZ will be grouped into those with severe, mild, and no cognitive impairment according to Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale scores, to determine differences between cognitive performance and cf-mtDNA levels in blood plasma. ETHICS AND COMMUNICATION This study has been approved by the ethics and investigation committees of the High Specialty Regional Hospital of Mental Health (Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Salud Mental); project No. HRAESM/DG/RP/1128/2018. We plan to communicate our research findings in scientific conferences and in peer-reviewed journals. CONCLUSION It is known that cognitive dysfunction provokes negative effects in an SZ patient´s life. This project aims to provide better knowledge about the role of cf-mtDNA in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment in SZ, as an attempt to achieve improvements to the existing treatments, thereby helping to prevent major cognitive deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce Dajheanne García-de la Cruz
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico.,Investigación y Enseñanza, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Salud Mental, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Isela Esther Juárez-Rojop
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Carlos Alfonso Tovilla-Zárate
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - José Jaime Martínez-Magaña
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico.,Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil "Dr. Juan N. Navarro", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Humberto Nicolini
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Thelma Beatriz González-Castro
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico.,División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Méndez, Tabasco, Mexico
| | | | - Nancy Adanelly López-Martínez
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico.,Investigación y Enseñanza, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Salud Mental, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | | | - Francisco Caballero-Prado
- Servicio de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad "Dr. Juan Graham Casasús", Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
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32
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Mitochondrial DNA copy number is associated with psychosis severity and anti-psychotic treatment. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12743. [PMID: 30143692 PMCID: PMC6109159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial pathology has been implicated in the pathogenesis of psychotic disorders. A few studies have proposed reduced leukocyte mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder type I, compared to healthy controls. However, it is unknown if mtDNA copy number alteration is driven by psychosis, comorbidity or treatment. Whole blood mtDNA copy number was determined in 594 psychosis patients and corrected for platelet to leukocyte count ratio (mtDNAcnres). The dependence of mtDNAcnres on clinical profile, metabolic comorbidity and antipsychotic drug exposure was assessed. mtDNAcnres was reduced with age (β = −0.210, p < 0.001), use of clozapine (β = −0.110,p = 0.012) and risperidone (β = −0.109,p = 0.014), dependent on prescribed dosage (p = 0.006 and p = 0.026, respectively), and the proportion of life on treatment (p = 0.006). Clozapine (p = 0.0005) and risperidone (p = 0.0126) had a reducing effect on the mtDNA copy number also in stem cell-derived human neurons in vitro at therapeutic plasma levels. For patients not on these drugs, psychosis severity had an effect (β = −0.129, p = 0.017), similar to age (β = −0.159, p = 0.003) and LDL (β = −0.119, p = 0.029) on whole blood mtDNAcnres. Further research is required to determine if mtDNAcnres reflects any psychosis-intrinsic mitochondrial changes.
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33
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Zhang Y, Hishimoto A, Otsuka I, Watanabe Y, Numata S, Yamamori H, Boku S, Horai T, Someya T, Ohmori T, Hashimoto R, Sora I. Longer telomeres in elderly schizophrenia are associated with long-term hospitalization in the Japanese population. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 103:161-166. [PMID: 29870917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Several previous studies have investigated an association between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and schizophrenia (SCZ). However, results have been largely inconsistent, partially due to the relatively small sample sizes in each study and heterogeneity caused by various uncontrolled confounders (e.g., duration of illness or hospitalization, lifetime antipsychotic dose, and LTL assay methods). Here, we investigate the association of LTL with SCZ with the quantitative polymerase chain reaction method in independent cohorts consisting of 1241 patients with SCZ and 1042 controls (the largest independent sample in this field). Furthermore, we examined whether duration of hospitalization and lifetime antipsychotic dose had an effect on LTL in SCZ. In all samples, we observed significantly longer LTL in patients with SCZ relative to controls. In subgroup analyses, we observed that longer telomeres in SCZ were only visible in elderly patients and not in patients under 50 years old. Moreover, significantly longer LTL in elderly patients with SCZ was only specific to those with long-term hospitalization, but not outpatients or those with short-term hospitalization. This may be because the former received more appropriate lifestyle management. Meanwhile, lifetime antipsychotic dose had no effect on LTL. Our findings suggest that consideration of the effect of age and duration of hospitalization on LTL may improve our understanding of controversial results obtained in previous studies of telomeres in SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akitoyo Hishimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Ikuo Otsuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Watanabe
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shusuke Numata
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuken Boku
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tadasu Horai
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Someya
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ohmori
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sora
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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34
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Melicher D, Illés A, Pállinger É, Kovács ÁF, Littvay L, Tárnoki ÁD, Tárnoki DL, Bikov A, Molnár MJ, Buzás EI, Falus A. Tight co-twin similarity of monozygotic twins for hTERT protein level of T cell subsets, for telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number, but not for telomerase activity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2447-2456. [PMID: 29290038 PMCID: PMC11105316 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2738-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Our study analyzed lymphocyte subpopulations of 32 monozygotic twins and compared the level of the catalytic reverse transcriptase protein subunit (hTERT) in T lymphocytes (Tly), helper- (Th), cytotoxic- (Tc) and regulatory T cell (Treg) subgroups. Four variables related to telomere and mitochondrial biology were simultaneously assessed, applying multi-parametric flow cytometry, TRAP-ELISA assay and qPCR standard curve method on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples of genetically matched individuals. Twin data of telomerase activity (TA), hTERT protein level, telomere length (TL) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) were analyzed for co-twin similarity. The present study has provided novel information by demonstrating very high intraclass correlation (ICC) of hTERT protein level in T lymphocytes (0.891) and in both Th (0.896), Treg (0.885) and Tc (0.798) cell subgroups. When comparing results measured from PBMCs, intraclass correlation was also high for telomere length (0.815) and considerable for mtDNA copy number (0.524), and again exceptionally high for the rate-limiting telomerase subunit, hTERT protein level (0.946). In contrast, telomerase activity showed no co-twin similarity (ICC 0). By comparing relative amounts of hTERT protein levels in different lymphocyte subgroups of twin subjects, in Treg cells significantly higher level could be detected compared to Tly, Th or Tc cell subgroups. This is the first study that simultaneously analyzed co-twin similarity in MZ twins for the above four variables and alongside assessed their relationship, whereby positive association was found between TL and mtDNAcn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Melicher
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Immunproteogenomics Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anett Illés
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Pállinger
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Árpád Ferenc Kovács
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Levente Littvay
- Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
- Central European University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Domonkos Tárnoki
- Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Radiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid László Tárnoki
- Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Radiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Bikov
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mária Judit Molnár
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Irén Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Immunproteogenomics Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Falus
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Boeck C, Salinas-Manrique J, Calzia E, Radermacher P, von Arnim CAF, Dietrich DE, Kolassa IT, Karabatsiakis A. Targeting the association between telomere length and immuno-cellular bioenergetics in female patients with Major Depressive Disorder. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9419. [PMID: 29925891 PMCID: PMC6010455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26867-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) has been associated with telomere dysfunction and alterations in mitochondrial activity, which seem to be co-regulated in human cells. To investigate this co-regulation in MDD, we assessed telomere length (TL) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and selected immune cell subsets by quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization and mitochondrial respiratory activity in PBMC by high-resolution respirometry in a study cohort of 18 MDD patients and 21 non-depressed controls. We provide initial evidence for a differential vulnerability to telomere attrition in selected adaptive immune cell populations. Here we found the highest difference in TL between depressed and control subjects for memory cytotoxic T cells. Depression was associated with reduced mitochondrial activity (mitochondrial bioenergetics), but increased mitochondrial density (mitochondrial biogenesis) in PBMC. Exploratory post-hoc analyses indicated that the changes in TL and immune cell bioenergetics were most pronounced in MDD patients who reported experiences of childhood sexual abuse. Among MDD patients, PBMC TL was as a trend positively associated with mitochondrial density and negatively associated with mitochondrial leak respiration, but not with mitochondrial activity related to biological energy production. These initial findings support the hypothesis of a co-regulation between telomeres and mitochondrial biogenesis but not mitochondrial bioenergetics among MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Boeck
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | | | - Enrico Calzia
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, University Hospital Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Detlef E Dietrich
- Burghof-Klinik, Rinteln, Germany
- Department of Mental Health, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Iris-Tatjana Kolassa
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Karabatsiakis
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
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Wang D, Li Z, Liu W, Zhou J, Ma X, Tang J, Chen X. Differential mitochondrial DNA copy number in three mood states of bipolar disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:149. [PMID: 29801445 PMCID: PMC5970444 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1717-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidences indicated that mitochondrial abnormalities were associated with bipolar disorder. As a sensitive index of mitochondrial function and biogenesis, Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) may be involved in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. METHODS Leukocyte relative mtDNAcn was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in subjects with BD (n = 131) in manic, depressive, and euthymic symptoms. Thirty-four healthy individuals were used as comparison control. BD clinical symptomatology was evaluated by Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D), Clinical Global Impression-Bipolar Disorder-Severity of Illness Scale (CGI-BD-S), and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, BD patients with manic and depressive symptoms presented significantly decreased mtDNAcn levels (p-value = 0.009 and 0.041, respectively). No significant differences were detected in mtDNAcn between euthymic patients and healthy controls. The mtDNAcn was negatively correlated with the number of relapses in manic patients (β = - 0.341, p = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS Our study described the first evidence of (1) a significant decline of mtDNAcn in manic BD patients, (2) a similar decreased level of mtDNAcn between manic and depressed BD patients, (3) a negative correlation of mtDNAcn with number of relapses in patients suffering from manic states. Alterations of mtDNAcn in manic and depressed patients, which may reflect disturbances of energy metabolism, supported the role of mitochondrial abnormalities in the pathophysiology of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- 0000 0004 1803 0208grid.452708.cDepartment of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,0000 0004 1803 0208grid.452708.cMental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Zongchang Li
- 0000 0004 1803 0208grid.452708.cDepartment of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,0000 0001 0379 7164grid.216417.7Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Weiqing Liu
- grid.414902.aDepartment of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan China
| | - Jun Zhou
- 0000 0004 1803 0208grid.452708.cDepartment of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,0000 0004 1803 0208grid.452708.cMental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- 0000 0004 1803 0208grid.452708.cDepartment of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China ,0000 0004 1803 0208grid.452708.cMental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Jinsong Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiaogang Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Pawełczyk T, Grancow-Grabka M, Trafalska E, Szemraj J, Żurner N, Pawełczyk A. Telomerase level increase is related to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid efficacy in first episode schizophrenia: Secondary outcome analysis of the OFFER randomized clinical trial. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:142-148. [PMID: 29241838 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with shortening of the lifespan mainly due to cardiovascular events, cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Both telomere attrition and decrease of telomerase levels were observed in schizophrenia. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) influence multiple biochemical mechanisms which are postulated to accelerate telomere shortening and limit the longevity of patients with schizophrenia. Intervention studies based on add-on therapy with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) in patients with schizophrenia did not assess the changes in telomerase levels. A randomized placebo-controlled trial named OFFER was designed to compare the efficacy of a 26-week intervention composed of either 2.2g/day of n-3 PUFA or olive oil placebo with regard to symptom severity in first-episode schizophrenia patients. The secondary outcome measure of the study was to describe the association between the clinical effect of n-3 PUFA and changes in telomerase levels. Seventy-one patients aged 16-35 were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to the study arms. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to assess the change in symptom severity. Telomerase levels of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were assessed at three points: at baseline and at weeks 8 and 26 of the intervention. A significantly greater increase in PBMC telomerase levels in the intervention group compared to placebo was observed (p<0.001). Changes in telomerase levels significantly and inversely correlated with improvement in depressive symptoms and severity of the illness. The efficacy of a six-month intervention with n-3 PUFA observed in first-episode schizophrenia may be related to an increase in telomerase levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Pawełczyk
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Czechoslowacka 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Marta Grancow-Grabka
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Central Teaching Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Trafalska
- Department of Nutrition Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Jaracza 63, 90-251 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Natalia Żurner
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Central Teaching Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pawełczyk
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Czechoslowacka 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland.
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Chestkov IV, Jestkova EM, Ershova ES, Golimbet VG, Lezheiko TV, Kolesina NY, Dolgikh OA, Izhevskaya VL, Kostyuk GP, Kutsev SI, Veiko NN, Kostyuk SV. ROS-Induced DNA Damage Associates with Abundance of Mitochondrial DNA in White Blood Cells of the Untreated Schizophrenic Patients. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:8587475. [PMID: 29682166 PMCID: PMC5845523 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8587475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was (1) to examine the leukocyte mtDNA copy number (CN) in unmedicated (SZ (m-)) and medicated (SZ (m+)) male patients with paranoid schizophrenia (SZ) in comparison with the healthy male controls (HC) and (2) to compare the leukocyte mtDNA CN with the content of an oxidation marker 8-oxodG in lymphocytes of the SZ (m-) patients. METHODS We evaluated leukocyte mtDNA CN of 110 subjects with SZ in comparison with 60 male HC by the method qPCR (ratio mtDNA/nDNA (gene B2M) was detected). SZ patients were divided into two subgroups. The patients of the subgroups SZ (m+) (N = 55) were treated with standard antipsychotic medications in the hospital. The patients of the subgroup SZ (m-) (N = 55) were not treated before venous blood was sampled. To evaluate oxidative DNA damage, we quantified the levels of 8-oxodG in lymphocytes (flow cytometry) of SZ (m-) patients (N = 55) and HC (N = 30). RESULTS The leukocyte mtDNA CN showed no significant difference in SZ (m+) patients and HC. The mtDNA CN in the unmedicated subgroup SZ (m-) was significantly higher than that in the SZ (m+) subgroup or in HC group. The level of 8-oxodG in the subgroup SZ (m-) was significantly higher than that in HC group. CONCLUSION The leukocytes of the unmedicated SZ male patients with acute psychosis contain more mtDNA than the leukocytes of the male SZ patients treated with antipsychotic medications or the healthy controls. MtDNA content positively correlates with the level of 8-oxodG in the unmedicated SZ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. V. Chestkov
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics (RCMG), Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - E. M. Jestkova
- N. A. Alexeev Clinical Psychiatric Hospital №1 of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow 115447, Russia
| | - E. S. Ershova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics (RCMG), Moscow 115478, Russia
- V. A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Clinical Research Center of Reanimatology and Rehabilitogy, Moscow 107031, Russia
| | | | | | | | - O. A. Dolgikh
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics (RCMG), Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - V. L. Izhevskaya
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics (RCMG), Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - G. P. Kostyuk
- N. A. Alexeev Clinical Psychiatric Hospital №1 of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow 115447, Russia
| | - S. I. Kutsev
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics (RCMG), Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - N. N. Veiko
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics (RCMG), Moscow 115478, Russia
- V. A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Clinical Research Center of Reanimatology and Rehabilitogy, Moscow 107031, Russia
| | - S. V. Kostyuk
- Mental Health Research Center, Moscow 115522, Russia
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Maurya PK, Rizzo LB, Xavier G, Tempaku PF, Ota VK, Santoro ML, Spíndola LM, Moretti PS, Mazzotti DR, Gadelha A, Gouvea ES, Noto C, Maes M, Cordeiro Q, Bressan RA, Brietzke E, Belangero SI. Leukocyte telomere length variation in different stages of schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 96:218-223. [PMID: 29102816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has demonstrated that telomere maintenance might be a key integrating point for the cumulative effect of genetic and environmental factors in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and schizophrenia (SCZ). Eighty-one participants with antipsychotic-naïve FEP, 173 with SCZ and 438 HC were enrolled in this study. Psychiatric diagnosis was assessed using the Semi-Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis-I (SCID-I). The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) were used to measure symptoms severity. Telomere length (TL) was determined using a multiplex qPCR assay. After adjustment for age, years of education, and smoking status, we found that patients with SCZ had longer TL (relative ratio (RR) = 1.08) than the HC group (RR = 1.00, Wald χ2 = 12.48, p = 0.002). Further, non-remitted SCZ patients presented longer TL (RR = 1.00) compared to remitted SCZ (RR = 0.88, Wald χ2 = 7.20, p = 0.007). TL in patients also correlated to psychopathology assessment in terms of total (p = 0.003) and positive PANSS scores (p = 0.001). No correlation with negative PANSS, YMRS, and CDSS or effects of medication was found on TL. Although the exact pathways underlying longer TL in SCZ patients remain unclear, these findings raise more questions than answers and suggest that TL may be of immense value on SCZ progression. Further studies are required to investigate the association of TL in FEP and SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar Maurya
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil; Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Lucas Bortolotto Rizzo
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil; Research Group on Behavioural and Molecular Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Xavier
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil; Departament of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Farias Tempaku
- Departament of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Kiyomi Ota
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil; Departament of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos L Santoro
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil; Departament of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia M Spíndola
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil; Departament of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia S Moretti
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil; Program for Recognition and Intervention in Individuals in At-Risk Mental States (PRISMA), São Paulo, Brazil; Departament of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego R Mazzotti
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Ary Gadelha
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil; Program for Recognition and Intervention in Individuals in At-Risk Mental States (PRISMA), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo S Gouvea
- Department of Psychiatry, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Noto
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil; Program for Recognition and Intervention in Individuals in At-Risk Mental States (PRISMA), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael Maes
- Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Quirino Cordeiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Bressan
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil; Program for Recognition and Intervention in Individuals in At-Risk Mental States (PRISMA), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil; Research Group on Behavioural and Molecular Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder, São Paulo, Brazil; Program for Recognition and Intervention in Individuals in At-Risk Mental States (PRISMA), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sintia Iole Belangero
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil; Departament of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil.
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Rollins BL, Morgan L, Hjelm BE, Sequeira A, Schatzberg AF, Barchas JD, Lee FS, Myers RM, Watson SJ, Akil H, Potkin SG, Bunney WE, Vawter MP. Mitochondrial Complex I Deficiency in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder and Medication Influence. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2017; 3:157-169. [PMID: 29594135 DOI: 10.1159/000484348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Subjects with schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) show decreased protein and transcript levels for mitochondrial complex I. In vitro results suggest antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs may be responsible. We measured complex I activity in BD, SZ, and controls and presence of antipsychotic and antidepressant medications, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, and the mtDNA "common deletion" in the brain. Complex I activity in the prefrontal cortex was decreased by 45% in SZ compared to controls (p = 0.02), while no significant difference was found in BD. Complex I activity was significantly decreased (p = 0.01) in pooled cases (SZ and BD) that had detectable psychotropic medications and drugs compared to pooled cases with no detectable levels. Subjects with age at onset in their teens and psychotropic medications showed decreased (p < 0.05) complex I activity compared to subjects with an adult age at onset. Both SZ and BD groups displayed significant increases (p < 0.05) in mtDNA copy number compared to controls; however, common deletion burden was not altered. Complex I deficiency is found in SZ brain tissue, and psychotropic medications may play a role in mitochondrial dysfunction. Studies of medication-free first-episode psychosis patients are needed to elucidate whether mitochondrial pathophysiology occurs independent of medication effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi L Rollins
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ling Morgan
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Brooke E Hjelm
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Adolfo Sequeira
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alan F Schatzberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jack D Barchas
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, Ithaca, NJ, USA
| | - Francis S Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, Ithaca, NJ, USA
| | - Rick M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | | | - Huda Akil
- MBNI, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Steven G Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - William E Bunney
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Marquis P Vawter
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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Thanseem I, Viswambharan V, Poovathinal SA, Anitha A. Is telomere length a biomarker of neurological disorders? Biomark Med 2017; 11:799-810. [PMID: 30669856 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are DNA-protein complexes that form protective caps at the termini of chromosomes, maintaining genomic stability. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview on the usefulness of telomere length (TL) as biomarkers of neurological disorders. The implications of TL in relation to cognitive ability, cognitive aging and cognitive decline in neurodegenerative disorders are also briefly discussed. Our review suggests that at present it is difficult to draw a reliable conclusion regarding the contribution of TL to neurological disorders. Further, it needs to be examined whether leukocyte TL, which is generally considered as a surrogate marker of TL in other tissues, serves as an indicator of central nervous system TL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Thanseem
- Department of Neurogenetics, Institute for Communicative & Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Shoranur, Palakkad 679 523, Kerala, India
| | - Vijitha Viswambharan
- Department of Neurogenetics, Institute for Communicative & Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Shoranur, Palakkad 679 523, Kerala, India
| | - Suresh A Poovathinal
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Communicative & Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Shoranur, Palakkad 679 523, Kerala, India
| | - Ayyappan Anitha
- Department of Neurogenetics, Institute for Communicative & Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Shoranur, Palakkad 679 523, Kerala, India
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Monroy-Jaramillo N, Rodríguez-Agudelo Y, Aviña-Cervantes LC, Roberts DL, Velligan DI, Walss-Bass C. Leukocyte telomere length in Hispanic schizophrenia patients under treatment with olanzapine. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 90:26-30. [PMID: 28226264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Different lines of evidence indicate that patients with schizophrenia (SZ) exhibit accelerated aging. Leukocyte telomere length (TL), an aging marker, is associated with age-related and chronic pathologies, including schizophrenia. We analyzed leukocyte TL in 170 SZ patients of Hispanic ancestry grouped based on antipsychotic treatment, compared to 126 matched controls. The group under treatment with atypical antipsychotics was further subdivided according to the risk of medication to cause metabolic syndrome (MetS). Our results show significant erosion in the TL of SZ patients under treatment with the atypical antipsychotics clozapine and olanzapine, which cause high-risk for MetS, compared to healthy controls and patients under treatment with medium and low-risk antipsychotics. However, when the analysis was done separately for clozapine and olanzapine, a significant difference remained only for olanzapine. These findings suggest that atypical antipsychotics that cause high-risk for MetS, particularly olanzapine, may modulate leukocyte TL in SZ patients. Future research is required to elucidate if in fact atypical antipsychotics are involved in TL maintenance in SZ subjects and the mechanism by which this occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Monroy-Jaramillo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Department of Genetics, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suárez. Insurgentes Sur 3877 Col. La Fama, Tlalpan, C. P. 14269 Mexico city, Mexico.
| | - Yaneth Rodríguez-Agudelo
- Department of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suárez. Insurgentes Sur 3877 Col. La Fama, Tlalpan, C. P. 14269 Mexico city, Mexico.
| | - Luis Carlos Aviña-Cervantes
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suárez. Insurgentes Sur 3877 Col. La Fama, Tlalpan, C. P. 14269 Mexico city, Mexico.
| | - David L Roberts
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Schizophrenia and Related Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Dawn I Velligan
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Schizophrenia and Related Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Consuelo Walss-Bass
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.
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Aberrant telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number in suicide completers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3176. [PMID: 28600518 PMCID: PMC5466636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03599-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Short telomere length (TL) occurs in individuals under psychological stress, and with various psychiatric diseases. Recent studies have also reported mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) alterations under several neuropsychiatric conditions. However, no study has examined whether aberrant TL or mtDNAcn occur in completed suicide, one of the most serious outcomes of mental illnesses. TL and mtDNAcn in post-mortem samples from 528 suicide completers without severe physical illness (508 peripheral bloods; 20 brains) and 560 samples from control subjects (peripheral bloods from 535 healthy individuals; 25 post-mortem brains) were analysed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Suicide completers had significantly shorter TL and higher mtDNAcn of peripheral bloods with sex/age-dependent differences (shorter TL was more remarkably in female/young suicides; higher mtDNAcn more so in male/elderly suicides). The normal age-related decline of TL and mtDNAcn were significantly altered in suicide completers. Furthermore, shorter TL and lower mtDNAcn of post-mortem prefrontal cortex were seen in suicide completers compared to controls. This study shows the first association of aberrant telomeres and mtDNA content with suicide completion. Our results indicate that further research on telomere shortening and mitochondrial dysfunction may help elucidate the molecular underpinnings of suicide-related pathophysiology.
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Cui Y, Prabhu VV, Nguyen TB, Devi SM, Chung YC. Longer Telomere Length of T lymphocytes in Patients with Early and Chronic Psychosis. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2017; 15:146-152. [PMID: 28449562 PMCID: PMC5426489 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2017.15.2.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate pathological conditions that act as sources of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic substances to examine telomere length (TL) in patients with either early (duration of illness [DI] ≤5 years) or chronic (DI >5 years) psychosis using T lymphocytes. Methods Based on these factors and the important role that T lymphocytes play in inflammation, the present study measured the TL of T lymphocytes in patients with either early or chronic psychosis. Additionally, smoking, metabolic syndrome, depression, and cognitive functioning were assessed to control for confounding effects. Results TL was significantly longer in patients with early and chronic psychosis than in healthy control subjects and, moreover, the significance of these findings remained after controlling for age, smoking, metabolic syndrome, DI, chlorpromazine-equivalent dose, and cognitive functioning (F=9.57, degree of freedom=2, p<0.001). Additionally, the DI, chlorpromazine-equivalent doses, and the five-factor scores of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale were not significantly correlated with the TL of T lymphocytes in either all patients or each psychosis group. Conclusion Possible mechanisms underlying the effects of antipsychotic medications on telomerase are discussed in the present study, but further studies measuring both telomerase activity and TL using a prospective design will be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Vishwanath Vasudev Prabhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Thong Ba Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Subramaniam Mohana Devi
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Young-Chul Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
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Wolkowitz OM, Jeste DV, Martin AS, Lin J, Daly RE, Reuter C, Kraemer H. Leukocyte telomere length: Effects of schizophrenia, age, and gender. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 85:42-48. [PMID: 27835738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is linked with early medical comorbidity and mortality. These observations indicate possible "accelerated biological aging" in schizophrenia, although prior findings are mixed, and few such studies have examined the role of gender. One putative marker of biological aging is leukocyte telomere length (LTL), which typically shortens with age. METHODS We assessed LTL in phenotypically well characterized 134 individuals with schizophrenia (60 women and 74 men) and 123 healthy comparison subjects (HCs) (66 women and 57 men), aged 26 to 65 years. RESULTS Overall, LTL was inversely associated with age (t(249) = -6.2, p < 0.001), and a gender effect on the rate of LTL decrease with age was found (t(249) = 2.20, p = 0.029), with men declining more rapidly than women. No significant overall effect of diagnosis on the rate of decline was detected. However, at the average sample age (48 years), there was a significant gender effect in both schizophrenia and HC groups (t(249) = 2.48, p = 0.014), with women having longer LTL than men, and a significant gender X diagnosis effect (t(249) = 2.43, p = 0.016) - at the average sample age, women with schizophrenia had shorter LTL than HC women. DISCUSSION Gender, not the diagnosis of schizophrenia, was the major factor involved with LTL shortening across the age range studied. We discuss the constraints of a cross-sectional design and other methodological issues, and indicate future directions. Understanding the impact of schizophrenia on biological aging will require separate evaluations in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen M Wolkowitz
- University of California San Francisco School of Medicine (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dilip V Jeste
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093-0738, USA.
| | - Averria Sirkin Martin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093-0738, USA
| | - Jue Lin
- University of California San Francisco School of Medicine (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca E Daly
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093-0738, USA
| | - Chase Reuter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093-0738, USA
| | - Helena Kraemer
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Rao S, Kota LN, Li Z, Yao Y, Tang J, Mao C, Jain S, Xu Y, Xu Q. Accelerated leukocyte telomere erosion in schizophrenia: Evidence from the present study and a meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 79:50-56. [PMID: 27174400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human telomeres consist of tandem nucleotide repeats (TTAGGG) and associated proteins, and telomere length (TL) is reduced progressively with cell division over the lifespan. Telomere erosion might be accelerated or prevented to varying degrees when exposure to serious medical illnesses. In previous studies, an association between TL decrease and schizophrenia has been extensively reported; however, the results remain largely controversial. To further investigate TL in schizophrenia patients and reconcile this controversy, we first measured leucocyte TL (LTL) in our samples (52 paranoid schizophrenia, 89 non-paranoid patients and 120 controls), and then conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of the existing results of LTL in patients of schizophrenia compared to healthy subjects. Totally, 11 studies encompassing 1243 patients of schizophrenia and 1274 controls were included in the final meta-analysis model. In our samples, significant reduction of LTL in paranoid schizophrenia was observed compared to controls (F = 50.88, P < 0.001); whereas there was no significant difference in LTL between non-paranoid schizophrenia and controls (F = 0.842, P = 0.360). For meta-analysis, random-effects model showed significant LTL decrease in patients of schizophrenia when compared to controls (Z = 2.07, P = 0.039, SMD = -0.48, 95% CI = -0.94 to -0.03). Moreover, a marginal decrease in LTL was observed in medicated patients (Z = 1.92, P = 0.055, SMD = -0.58, 95% CI = -1.18-0.01) and those patients with poor response to antipsychotics (Z = 1.76, P = 0.078, SMD = -0.60, 95% CI = -1.27-0.07). In conclusion, we observed significant reduction of LTL in individuals with schizophrenia compared with controls. However, all the studies included in the meta-analysis were cross-sectional, and better controlled long-term studies are needed to replicate this result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuquan Rao
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Applied Biology, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Lakshmi Narayanan Kota
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Zongchang Li
- Institute of Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jinsong Tang
- Institute of Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Canquan Mao
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Applied Biology, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Sanjeev Jain
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Clinical Medical College/First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Qi Xu
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
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Hough CM, Bersani FS, Mellon SH, Epel ES, Reus VI, Lindqvist D, Lin J, Mahan L, Rosser R, Burke H, Coetzee J, Nelson JC, Blackburn EH, Wolkowitz OM. Leukocyte telomere length predicts SSRI response in major depressive disorder: A preliminary report. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2016; 2:88-96. [PMID: 27429957 DOI: 10.1159/000446500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Short leukocyte telomere length (LTL) may be associated with several psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). Short LTL has previously been associated with poor response to psychiatric medications in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, but no studies have prospectively assessed the relationship of LTL to SSRI response in MDD. We assessed pre-treatment LTL, depression severity (using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale [HDRS]), and self-reported positive and negative affect in 27 healthy, unmedicated adults with MDD. Subjects then underwent open-label treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant for eight weeks, after which clinical ratings were repeated. Analyses were corrected for age, sex and BMI. "Non-responders" to treatment (HDRS improvement <50%) had significantly shorter pre-treatment LTL, compared to "Responders" (p=0.037). Further, shorter pre-treatment LTL was associated with less improvement in negative affect (p<0.010) but not with changes in positive affect (p=0.356). This preliminary study is the first to assess the relationship between LTL and SSRI response in MDD and among the first to prospectively assess its relationship to treatment outcome in any psychiatric illness. Our data suggest that short LTL may serve as a vulnerability index of poorer response to SSRI treatment, but this needs examination in larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Hough
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - F Saverio Bersani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Synthia H Mellon
- Department of OB/GYN and Reproductive Science, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elissa S Epel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Victor I Reus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Lindqvist
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences, Section for Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jue Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laura Mahan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Rosser
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Heather Burke
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Coetzee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Craig Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Blackburn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Owen M Wolkowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
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