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Wang Y, Jiang Y, Liu X, Chen Y, Zhang Q, Wang L, Li W. Analysis of Ginkgo biloba Root Exudates and Inhibition of Soil Fungi by Flavonoids and Terpene Lactones. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2122. [PMID: 39124240 PMCID: PMC11314191 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba is abundant in secondary metabolites, including flavonoids and terpenoids. While the majority of research has focused on the role of these compounds in disease resistance, their specific contribution to pathogen defense has been rarely explored. In this study, we collected root exudates from hydroponically cultivated ginkgo seedlings and conducted a metabolomic analysis. We identified several primary metabolites mainly comprising amino acids and nucleotides, while secondary metabolites consisted of various compounds, including bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and terpenoids. Focusing on the secondary metabolites with relatively higher abundance in the exudates, we selected a mixture of flavonoids and terpenoids for in vitro inhibition experiments against two soil-borne fungal pathogens, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum that causes cucumber wilt and Rhizoctonia solani AG-8 that causes wheat root rot. The results indicated that the growth rate of both fungus cells was significantly reduced with the increasing concentration of the flavonoid and terpenoid mixture extracted from ginkgo and was completely inhibited at a concentration of 5 mg/mL. Further experiments revealed that this mixture of flavonoids and terpenoids had a destructive effect on the cellular structure of both fungi, thereby reducing cell viability and achieving an antifungal effect. These findings provide a foundation for further research into the use of ginkgo extracts in biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Y.W.); (Y.J.); (X.L.); (Y.C.); (L.W.)
| | - Yanbing Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Y.W.); (Y.J.); (X.L.); (Y.C.); (L.W.)
| | - Ximeng Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Y.W.); (Y.J.); (X.L.); (Y.C.); (L.W.)
| | - Yadi Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Y.W.); (Y.J.); (X.L.); (Y.C.); (L.W.)
| | - Qingxia Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China;
| | - Li Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Y.W.); (Y.J.); (X.L.); (Y.C.); (L.W.)
| | - Weixing Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (Y.W.); (Y.J.); (X.L.); (Y.C.); (L.W.)
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2
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Gill CP, Phan C, Platt V, Worrell D, Andl T, Roy H. The MprF homolog LysX synthesizes lysyl-diacylglycerol contributing to antibiotic resistance and virulence. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0142923. [PMID: 37768052 PMCID: PMC10580965 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01429-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysyl-diacylglycerol (Lys-DAG) was identified three decades ago in Mycobacterium phlei, but the biosynthetic pathway and function of this aminoacylated lipid have since remained uncharacterized. Combining genetic methods, mass spectrometry, and biochemical approaches, we show that the multiple peptide resistance factor (MprF) homolog LysX from Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and two mycobacterial species is responsible for Lys-DAG synthesis. LysX is conserved in most Actinobacteria and was previously implicated in the synthesis of another modified lipid, lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol (Lys-PG), in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although we detected low levels of Lys-PG in the membrane of C. pseudotuberculosis, our data suggest that Lys-PG is not directly synthesized by LysX and may require an additional downstream pathway, which is as yet undefined. Our results show that LysX in C. pseudotuberculosis is a major factor of resistance against a variety of positively charged antibacterial agents, including cationic antimicrobial peptides (e.g., human peptide LL-37 and polymyxin B) and aminoglycosides (e.g., gentamycin and apramycin). Deletion of lysX caused an increase in cellular membrane permeability without dissipation of the membrane potential, suggesting that loss of the protein does not result in mechanical damage to the cell membrane. Furthermore, lysX-deficient cells exhibited an attenuated virulence phenotype in a Galleria mellonella infection model, supporting a role for LysX during infection. Altogether, Lys-DAG represents a novel molecular determinant for antimicrobial resistance and virulence that may be widespread in Actinobacteria and points to a richer landscape than previously realized of lipid components contributing to overall membrane physiology in this important bacterial phylum. IMPORTANCE In the past two decades, tRNA-dependent modification of membrane phosphatidylglycerol has been implicated in altering the biochemical properties of the cell surface, thereby enhancing the antimicrobial resistance and virulence of various bacterial pathogens. Here, we show that in several Actinobacteria, the multifunctional protein LysX attaches lysine to diacylglycerol instead of phosphatidylglycerol. We found that lysyl-diacylglycerol (Lys-DAG) confers high levels of resistance against various cationic antimicrobial peptides and aminoglycosides and also enhances virulence. Our data show that Lys-DAG is a lipid commonly found in important actinobacterial pathogens, including Mycobacterium and Corynebacterium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron P. Gill
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Christopher Phan
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Vivien Platt
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Danielle Worrell
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas Andl
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Hervé Roy
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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3
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Palau M, Muñoz E, Lujan E, Larrosa N, Gomis X, Márquez E, Len O, Almirante B, Abellà J, Colominas S, Gavaldà J. In Vitro and In Vivo Antimicrobial Activity of Hypochlorous Acid against Drug-Resistant and Biofilm-Producing Strains. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0236522. [PMID: 36190404 PMCID: PMC9602778 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02365-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were as follows. First, we determined the antimicrobial efficacy of hypochlorous acid (HClO) against bacterial, fungal, and yeast strains growing planktonically and growing in biofilms. Second, we sought to compare the activity of the combination of daptomycin and HClO versus those of the antimicrobial agents alone for the treatment of experimental catheter-related Staphylococcus epidermidis infection (CRI) using the antibiotic lock technique (ALT) in a rabbit model. HClO was generated through direct electric current (DC) shots at determined amperages and times. For planktonic susceptibility studies, 1 to 3 DC shots of 2, 5, and 10 mA from 0 to 300 s were applied. A DC shot of 20 mA from 0 to 20 min was applied to biofilm-producing strains. Central venous catheters were inserted into New Zealand White rabbits, inoculated with an S. epidermidis strain, and treated with saline solution or ALT using daptomycin (50 mg/mL), HClO (20 mA for 45 min), or daptomycin plus HClO. One hundred percent of the planktonic bacterial, fungal, and yeast strains were killed by applying one DC shot of 2, 5, and 10 mA, respectively. One DC shot of 20 mA for 20 min was sufficient to eradicate 100% of the tested biofilm-producing strains. Daptomycin plus HClO lock therapy showed the highest activity for experimental CRI with S. epidermidis. HClO could be an effective strategy for treating infections caused by extensively drug-resistant or multidrug-resistant and biofilm-producing strains in medical devices and chronic wounds. The results of the ALT using daptomycin plus HClO may be promising. IMPORTANCE Currently, drug-resistant infections are increasing and there are fewer antibiotics available to treat them. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new antibiotics and nonantimicrobial strategies to treat these infections. We present a new nonantibiotic strategy based on hypochlorous acid generation to treat long-term catheter-related and chronic wounds infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Palau
- Antibiotic Resistance Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD19/0016), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII—CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estela Muñoz
- Antibiotic Resistance Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric Lujan
- Electrochemical Methods Laboratory-Analytical and Applied Chemistry Department, IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nieves Larrosa
- Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD19/0016), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII—CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Microbiology Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Gomis
- Antibiotic Resistance Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII—CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Márquez
- Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Len
- Antibiotic Resistance Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD19/0016), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII—CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Benito Almirante
- Antibiotic Resistance Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD19/0016), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII—CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Abellà
- Electrochemical Methods Laboratory-Analytical and Applied Chemistry Department, IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Colominas
- Electrochemical Methods Laboratory-Analytical and Applied Chemistry Department, IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Gavaldà
- Antibiotic Resistance Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD19/0016), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII—CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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4
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Fang T, Li C, Liang A, Zhang H, Zhang F, Zhang XE, Yang YY, Li F. Probing cell membrane integrity using a histone-targeting protein nanocage displaying precisely positioned fluorophores. NANO RESEARCH 2022; 16:894-904. [PMID: 36090614 PMCID: PMC9438879 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-4785-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cell membrane integrity is fundamental to the normal activities of cells and is involved in both acute and chronic pathologies. Here, we report a probe for analyzing cell membrane integrity developed from a 9 nm-sized protein nanocage named Dps via fluorophore conjugation with high spatial precision to avoid self-quenching. The probe cannot enter normal live cells but can accumulate in dead or live cells with damaged membranes, which, interestingly, leads to weak cytoplasmic and strong nuclear staining. This differential staining is found attributed to the high affinity of Dps for histones rather than DNA, providing a staining mechanism different from those of known membrane exclusion probes (MEPs). Moreover, the Dps nanoprobe is larger in size and thus applies a more stringent criterion for identifying severe membrane damage than currently available MEPs. This study shows the potential of Dps as a new bioimaging platform for biological and medical analyses. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Supplementary material (Figs. S1-S12 including distance information between neighboring fluorophores on Dps, TEM images, MALDI-TOF analysis, fluorescence spectra, confocal images, gel retardation analysis, tissue staining, and additional data) is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12274-022-4785-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ti Fang
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Chaoqun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Ao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Xian-En Zhang
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055 China
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Yi-Yu Yang
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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5
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Sasaki S, Yamagishi A, Yoshimura Y, Enya K, Miyakawa A, Ohno S, Fujita K, Usui T, Limaye S. In situ bio/chemical characterization of Venus cloud particles using Life-signature Detection Microscope for Venus (Venus LDM). Can J Microbiol 2022; 68:413-425. [PMID: 35235433 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2021-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Much of the information about the size and shape of aerosols forming haze and the cloud layer of Venus is obtained from indirect inferences from nephelometers on probes and from analysis of the variation of polarization with the phase angle and the glory feature from images of Venus. Microscopic imaging of Venus' aerosols has been advocated recently. Direct measurements from a fluorescence microscope can provide information on the morphology, density, and biochemical characteristics of the particles; thus, the fluorescence microscope is attractive for the in situ particle characterization of Venus' cloud layer. Fluorescence imaging of Venus' cloud particles presents several challenges due to the sulfuric acid composition and the corrosive effects. In this article, we identify the challenges and describe our approach to overcoming them for a fluorescence microscope based on an in situ bio/chemical and physical characterization instrument for use in the clouds of Venus from a suitable aerial platform. We report that a pH adjustment using alkali was effective for obtaining fluorescence images, and that fluorescence attenuation was observed after the adjustment, even when the acidophile suspension in the concentrated sulfuric acid was used as a sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Sasaki
- Tokyo University of Technology, 13097, Hachioji, Japan, 192-0914;
| | - Akihiko Yamagishi
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 13115, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan;
| | | | - Keigo Enya
- JAXA, 13557, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan;
| | - Atsuo Miyakawa
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 13115, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan;
| | - Sohsuke Ohno
- Chiba Institute of Technology, 12829, Chiba, Chiba, Japan;
| | | | | | - Sanjay Limaye
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, 5228, Madison, Wisconsin, United States;
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6
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Cashman-Kadri S, Lagüe P, Fliss I, Beaulieu L. Determination of the Relationships between the Chemical Structure and Antimicrobial Activity of a GAPDH-Related Fish Antimicrobial Peptide and Analogs Thereof. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030297. [PMID: 35326761 PMCID: PMC8944596 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure–activity relationships and mode of action of synthesized glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)-related antimicrobial peptides were investigated. Including the native skipjack tuna GAPDH-related peptide (SJGAP) of 32 amino acid residues (model for the study), 8 different peptide analogs were designed and synthesized to study the impact of net charge, hydrophobicity, amphipathicity, and secondary structure on both antibacterial and antifungal activities. A net positive charge increase, by the substitution of anionic residues or C-terminal amidation, improved the antimicrobial activity of the SJGAP analogs (minimal inhibitory concentrations of 16–64 μg/mL), whereas the alpha helix content, as determined by circular dichroism, did not have a very definite impact. The hydrophobicity of the peptides was also found to be important, especially for the improvement of antifungal activity. Membrane permeabilization assays showed that the active peptides induced significant cytoplasmic membrane permeabilization in the bacteria and yeast tested, but that this permeabilization did not cause leakage of 260 nm-absorbing intracellular material. This points to a mixed mode of action involving both membrane pore formation and targeting of intracellular components. This study is the first to highlight the links between the physicochemical properties, secondary structure, antimicrobial activity, and mechanism of action of antimicrobial peptides from scombrids or homologous to GAPDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Cashman-Kadri
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (S.C.-K.); (I.F.)
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Québec-Océan, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Patrick Lagüe
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bio-Informatics, Pavillon, Alexandre-Vachon, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Medecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- The Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications (PROTEO), 1045 Avenue de la Medecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Ismail Fliss
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (S.C.-K.); (I.F.)
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Lucie Beaulieu
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (S.C.-K.); (I.F.)
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Québec-Océan, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-418-656-2131 (ext. 404767)
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Potentiation of β-Lactams against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Using Octyl Gallate, a Food-Grade Antioxidant. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020266. [PMID: 35203868 PMCID: PMC8868445 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is resistant to a number of antibiotics of clinical importance and is a serious threat to public health. Since bacteria rapidly develop resistance even to newly discovered antibiotics, this study aimed to develop drug potentiators to enhance the antibacterial activity of existing antibiotics for the control of MRSA. Based on our previous studies, screening of antimicrobial synergy was conducted with gallic acid and its derivatives using checkerboard assays. Antimicrobial synergy was confirmed with MRSA isolates from clinical cases. Combinations of penicillin, ampicillin, and cephalothin with octyl gallate (OG), an antioxidant approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), consistently exhibited synergistic bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities against MRSA, rendering MRSA sensitive to β-lactams. The fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) and fractional bactericidal concentration (FBC) indices exhibited that the antimicrobial effects of OG were synergistic. The results of a permeability assay showed that OG significantly increased the permeability of the bacterial cell wall. Despite the intrinsic resistance of MRSA to β-lactams, the findings in this study demonstrated that OG enhanced the activity of β-lactams in MRSA and sensitized MRSA to β-lactams, suggesting that OG can be used as a drug potentiator to control MRSA using existing antibiotics.
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8
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Han X, Chen C, Wang H, Kang J, Yan Q, Ma Y, Wang W, Wu S, Wang C, Ma X. GlmU inhibitor from the roots of Euphorbia ebracteolata as an anti-tuberculosis agent. RSC Adv 2022; 12:18266-18273. [PMID: 35800323 PMCID: PMC9214920 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02044k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebractenoid F was identified to be a GlmU inhibitor from Euphorbia ebracteolata, which could inhibit the cell wall biosynthesis of M. tb H37Ra, along with the biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyan Han
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, P.R. of China
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, P.R. of China
| | - Changming Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550001, P.R. of China
| | - Honglei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, P.R. of China
| | - Jian Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, P.R. of China
| | - Qiulong Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, P.R. of China
| | - Yufang Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, P.R. of China
| | - Wenxin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, P.R. of China
| | - Shan Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, P.R. of China
| | - Chao Wang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, P.R. of China
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, P.R. of China
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, P.R. of China
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9
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Bae Y, Kim GY, Jessa F, Ko KS, Han J. Gallic acid-mitochondria targeting sequence-H 3R 9 induces mitochondria-targeted cytoprotection. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 26:15-24. [PMID: 34965992 PMCID: PMC8723982 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2022.26.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of selective targeting of drug molecules towards the mitochondria is an important issue related to therapy efficacy. In this study, we report that gallic acid (GA)-mitochondria targeting sequence (MTS)-H3R9 exhibits a dual role as a mitochondria-targeting vehicle with antioxidant activity for disease therapy. In viability assays, GA-MTS-H3R9 showed a better rescue action compared to that of MTS-H3R9. GA-MTS-H3R9 dramatically exhibited cell penetration and intercellular uptake compared to MTS and fit escape from lysosome release to the cytosol. We demonstrated the useful targeting of GA-MTS-H3R9 towards mitochondria in AC16 cells. Also, we observed that the antioxidant properties of mitochondrial-accrued GA-MTS-H3R9 alleviated cell damage by reactive oxygen species production and disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential. GA-MTS-H3R9 showed a very increased cytoprotective effect against anticancer activity compared to that of MTS-H3R9. We showed that GA-MTS-H3R9 can act as a vehicle for mitochondria-targeting and as a reagent for therapeutic applications intended for cardiovascular disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonhee Bae
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Smart Marine Therapeutic Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Korea
- Division of Applied Medicine, Research Institute for Korea Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Goo-Young Kim
- Department of Biology and Clinical Pharmacology, R&D Center, Samyang Biopharmaceuticals Corporation, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Flores Jessa
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Smart Marine Therapeutic Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Ko
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Smart Marine Therapeutic Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Seoul 01757, Korea
| | - Jin Han
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Smart Marine Therapeutic Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Korea
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10
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Morphological and spectroscopic analysis of snow and glacier algae and their parasitic fungi on different glaciers of Svalbard. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21785. [PMID: 34750421 PMCID: PMC8575968 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01211-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The results show the morphological analyses and spectroscopic studies of snow and glacier algae and their parasitic fungi in Svalbard (High Arctic). Fixed algal cells of two species, Sanguina nivaloides and Ancylonema nordenskioeldii, were imaged using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Fluorescence microscopy using Calcofluor white stain supported the observations of parasitic fungi on the algal cells. Images in brightfield microscopy showed chytrid-like fungi penetrating the cells of both algal species. Parasites were found to colonize the cells of A. nordenskioeldii and hypnozygotes of S. nivaloides, while no fungi infected the cyst stages of S. nivaloides. The autofluorescence analysis revealed the ability of S. nivaloides to glow when excited with different wavelengths, while A. nordenskioeldii did not fluoresce. The hypnozygotes of S. nivaloides emitted brighter fluorescence than the cysts, and the most intense luminosity was observed in the UV range. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) spectroscopic analysis showed differences in the chemical composition between samples collected from three different sites. Samples dominated by cyst cells were characterized by the presence of an abundant polysaccharide envelope.
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11
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Nenadić I. Narcissistic Traits and Executive Functions. Front Psychol 2021; 12:707887. [PMID: 34790143 PMCID: PMC8591048 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.707887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several personality disorders have been associated with cognitive impairment, including executive functions like working memory. Yet, it is unclear whether subclinical expression in non-clinical persons is associated with cognitive functioning. Recent studies indicate that non-clinical subjects might, in fact, perform better with increasing moderate to mild expressions of narcissistic features. We tested working memory performance in a cohort of n=70 psychiatrically and neurologically healthy subjects using Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS/WIE) subtests Arithmetic, Digit Span and Letter-Number Sequencing, and assessed narcissistic features using three different inventories: the widely used Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI), as well as two clinically used measures of narcissistic traits and states, respectively, derived from schema-focused therapy, i.e., the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ) entitlement/grandiosity subscale and the Schema Mode Inventory (SMI) self-aggrandizer subscale. In accordance with our hypothesis, we found nominally significant positive correlations of WIE Arithmetic performance with NPI total score (Spearman's rho=0.208; p=0.043) and SMI self-aggrandizer scale (Spearman's rho=0.231; p=0.027), but findings did not survive false discovery rate (FDR) adjustment for multiple comparisons (pFDR=0.189 and pFDR=0.243, respectively). While our findings add to recent studies on cognitive performance in subclinical narcissism, they fail to demonstrate an association of cognitive performance with narcissistic traits across multiple working memory tests, indicating the need for additional study, including complementary executive functions in larger cohorts and ranges of phenotype expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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12
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Chen J, Wang X, Wang S, Chen C, Zhang W, Zhang Y. Ultra-Rapid Drug Susceptibility Testing for Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolates in 60 Min by SYBR Green I/Propidium Iodide Viability Assay. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:694522. [PMID: 34512572 PMCID: PMC8431398 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.694522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to optimize and validate the drug susceptibility test (DST) assay by SYBR Green I/PI (SG-PI) method using a panel of 89 Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates in comparison with the conventional DST method to three most important antibiotics used for treatment of this bacterial infection, including imipenem, cefmetazole, and gentamicin. Methods By staining with SYBR Green I and PI dyes, green fluorescence and red fluorescence, which linearly correlated with the percentages of live and dead or membrane damaged cells, respectively, were used to produce two standard curves to calculate the relative cell membrane impermeable rates for each log and stationary phase cultures. Stationary phase K. pneumoniae cells were used in imipenem and cefmetazole SG-PI DST assay whereas log phase cells were used in the gentamicin assay. The conventional broth microdilution method was used as a gold standard for DST for comparison. Results Data showed that after antibiotic treatment for 30–60 min, the antibiotic-resistant K. pneumoniae strains had significantly higher numbers of surviving cells than the susceptible strains at different concentrations of imipenem, cefmetazole, and gentamicin, where the average relative membrane impermeable rates were 88.5, 92.5, and 103.8% for resistant clinical strains, respectively, and 9.1, 49.3, and 71.5% for susceptible strains, respectively. Overall, the total concordances between the ultra-rapid SG-PI method and conventional minimal inhibitory concentration assay in diagnosing imipenem, cefmetazole and gentamicin resistance were high and were 96.6% (86/89), 95.4% (83/87), and 95.5% (85/89), respectively. Conclusion We demonstrate that our novel SG-PI assay can accurately and stably detect resistance to different antibiotics in clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae in an ultra-fast manner in 60–90 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhen Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuyang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Es-Souni M, Es-Souni M, Bakhti H, Gülses A, Fischer-Brandies H, Açil Y, Wiltfang J, Flörke C. A Bacteria and Cell Repellent Zwitterionic Polymer Coating on Titanium Base Substrates towards Smart Implant Devices. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2472. [PMID: 34372075 PMCID: PMC8347386 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofouling and biofilm formation on implant surfaces are serious issues that more than often lead to inflammatory reactions and the necessity of lengthy post-operation treatments or the removal of the implant, thus entailing a protracted healing process. This issue may be tackled with a biocompatible polymeric coating that at the same time prevents biofouling. In this work, oxygen plasma-activated silanized titanium substrates are coated with poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate), a zwitterionic antibiofouling polymer, using photopolymerization. The characterization of polymer films includes FT-IR, AFM, and adhesion strength measurements, where adhesion strength is analyzed using a cylindrical flat punch indenter and water contact angle (WCA) measurements. Both cytotoxicity analysis with primary human fibroblasts and fluorescence microscopy with fibroblasts and plaque bacteria are also performed is this work, with each procedure including seeding on coated and control surfaces. The film morphology obtained by the AFM shows a fine structure akin to nanoropes. The coatings can resist ultrasonic and sterilization treatments. The adhesion strength properties substantially increase when the films are soaked in 0.51 M of NaCl prior to testing when compared to deionized water. The coatings are superhydrophilic with a WCA of 10° that increases to 15° after dry aging. The viability of fibroblasts in the presence of coated substrates is comparable to that of bare titanium. When in direct contact with fibroblasts or bacteria, marginal adhesion for both species occurs on coating imperfections. Because photopolymerization can easily be adapted to surface patterning, smart devices that promote both osseointegration (in non-coated areas) and prevent cell overgrowth and biofilm formation (in coated areas) demonstrate practical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Es-Souni
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, CAU, 24103 Kiel, Germany; (M.E.-S.); (A.G.); (Y.A.); (J.W.); (C.F.)
| | - Martha Es-Souni
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, CAU, 24103 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Hamzah Bakhti
- Department of Mathematics, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Aydin Gülses
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, CAU, 24103 Kiel, Germany; (M.E.-S.); (A.G.); (Y.A.); (J.W.); (C.F.)
| | | | - Yahya Açil
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, CAU, 24103 Kiel, Germany; (M.E.-S.); (A.G.); (Y.A.); (J.W.); (C.F.)
| | - Jörg Wiltfang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, CAU, 24103 Kiel, Germany; (M.E.-S.); (A.G.); (Y.A.); (J.W.); (C.F.)
| | - Christian Flörke
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, CAU, 24103 Kiel, Germany; (M.E.-S.); (A.G.); (Y.A.); (J.W.); (C.F.)
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Dos Santos VR, Caiaffa KS, Oliveira WCD, Pereira JA, Abuna GF, Polaquini CR, Regasini LO, Guiotti AM, Duque C. Cytotoxicity and effects of curcumin and cinnamaldehyde hybrids on biofilms of oral pathogens. BIOFOULING 2021; 37:591-605. [PMID: 34210215 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.1942859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity and effect of curcumin-cinnamaldehyde hybrids (CCHs) on the biofilm of oral pathogens. Of the 18 hybrids tested, nine had an inhibitory effect on at least one of the bacterial species tested, with minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations ranging from 9 to 625 μg ml-1. CCH 7 promoted a potent inhibitory effect against all the bacterial species tested and better compatibility than chlorhexidine (CHX). CCH 7 also presented a similar or improved effect over that of CHX, causing a reduction in bacterial metabolism and viability in single and dual-species biofilms. CCH 7 reduced by 86% and 34% the viability of multispecies biofilms formed by collection and clinical strains. It can be concluded that CCH 7 was cytocompatible at the minimal inhibitory concentration, presented anti-biofilm action against oral pathogens, and could act as an antimicrobial agent for application in endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Sampaio Caiaffa
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Warlley Campos de Oliveira
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jesse Augusto Pereira
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Flores Abuna
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry of Piracicaba, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Polaquini
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Octávio Regasini
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aimée Maria Guiotti
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Duque
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Nikparvar B, Subires A, Capellas M, Hernandez-Herrero M, Crauwels P, Riedel CU, Bar N. A Diffusion Model to Quantify Membrane Repair Process in Listeria monocytogenes Exposed to High Pressure Processing Based on Fluorescence Microscopy Data. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:598739. [PMID: 34054742 PMCID: PMC8155719 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.598739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of environmental stresses on microorganisms have been well-studied, and cellular responses to stresses such as heat, cold, acids, and salts have been extensively discussed. Although high pressure processing (HPP) is becoming more popular as a preservation method in the food industry, the characteristics of the cellular damage caused by high pressure are unclear, and the microbial response to this stress has not yet been well-explored. We exposed the pathogen Listeria monocytogenes to HPP (400 MPa, 8 min, 8°C) and found that the high pressure created plasma membrane pores. Using a common staining technique involving propidium iodide (PI) combined with high-frequency fluorescence microscopy, we monitored the rate of diffusion of PI molecules into hundreds of bacterial cells through these pores on days 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 after pressurization. We also developed a mathematical dynamic model based on mass transfer and passive diffusion laws, calibrated using our microscopy experiments, to evaluate the response of bacteria to HPP. We found that the rate of diffusion of PI into the cells decreased over the 4 consecutive days after exposure to HPP, indicating repair of the pressure-created membrane pores. The model suggested a temporal change in the size of pores until closure. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that pressure-created membrane pores have been quantitatively described and shown to diminish with time. In addition, we found that the membrane repair rate in response to HPP was linear, and growth was temporarily arrested at the population level during the repair period. These results support the existence of a progressive repair process in some of the cells that take up PI, which can therefore be considered as being sub-lethally injured rather than dead. Hence, we showed that a subgroup of bacteria survived HPP and actively repaired their membrane pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Nikparvar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Alicia Subires
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Capellas
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Peter Crauwels
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian U Riedel
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nadav Bar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Patel RR, Kandel PP, Traverso E, Hockett KL, Triplett LR. Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola Uses Distinct Modes of Stationary-Phase Persistence To Survive Bacteriocin and Streptomycin Treatments. mBio 2021; 12:e00161-21. [PMID: 33849974 PMCID: PMC8092213 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00161-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial treatment of bacteria often results in a small population of surviving tolerant cells, or persisters, that may contribute to recurrent infection. Antibiotic persisters are metabolically dormant, but the basis of their persistence in the presence of membrane-disrupting biological compounds is less well understood. We previously found that the model plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola 1448A (Pph) exhibits persistence to tailocin, a membrane-disrupting biocontrol compound with potential for sustainable disease control. Here, we compared physiological traits associated with persistence to tailocin and to the antibiotic streptomycin and established that both treatments leave similar frequencies of persisters. Microscopic profiling of treated populations revealed that while tailocin rapidly permeabilizes most cells, streptomycin treatment results in a heterogeneous population in the redox and membrane permeability state. Intact cells were sorted into three fractions according to metabolic activity, as indicated by a redox-sensing reporter dye. Streptomycin persisters were cultured from the fraction associated with the lowest metabolic activity, but tailocin persisters were cultured from a fraction associated with an active metabolic signal. Cells from culturable fractions were able to infect host plants, while the nonculturable fractions were not. Tailocin and streptomycin were effective in eliminating all persisters when applied sequentially, in addition to eliminating cells in other viable states. This study identifies distinct metabolic states associated with antibiotic persistence, tailocin persistence, and loss of virulence and demonstrates that tailocin is highly effective in eliminating dormant cells.IMPORTANCE Populations of genetically identical bacteria encompass heterogeneous physiological states. The small fraction of bacteria that are dormant can help the population survive exposure to antibiotics and other stresses, potentially contributing to recurring infection cycles in animal or plant hosts. Membrane-disrupting biological control treatments are effective in killing dormant bacteria, but these treatments also leave persister-like survivors. The current work demonstrates that in Pph, persisters surviving treatment with membrane-disrupting tailocin proteins have an elevated redox state compared to that of dormant streptomycin persisters. Combination treatment was effective in killing both persister types. Culturable persisters corresponded closely with infectious cells in each treated population, whereas the high-redox and unculturable fractions were not infectious. In linking redox states to heterogeneous phenotypes of tailocin persistence, streptomycin persistence, and infection capability, this work will inform the search for mechanisms and markers for each phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravikumar R Patel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Prem P Kandel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eboni Traverso
- Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kevin L Hockett
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Huck Institutes for the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lindsay R Triplett
- Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Xiao X, Ma XL, Wang LG, Long F, Li TT, Zhou XT, Liu H, Wu LJ, Yu HQ. Anaerobic reduction of high-polarity nitroaromatic compounds by electrochemically active bacteria: Roles of Mtr respiratory pathway, molecular polarity, mediator and membrane permeability. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115943. [PMID: 33158624 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) are effective for the bioreduction of nitroaromatic compounds (NACs), but the exact reduction mechanisms are unclear yet. Therefore, 3-nitrobenzenesulfonate (NBS) was used to explore the biodegradation mechanism of NACs by EAB. Results show that NBS could be anaerobically degraded by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. The generation of aminoaromatic compounds was accompanied with the NBS reduction, indicating that NBS was biodegraded via reductive approach by S. oneidensis MR-1. The impacts of NBS concentration and cell density on the NBS reduction were evaluated. The removal of NBS depends mainly on the transmembrane electron transfer of S. oneidensis MR-1. Impairment of Mtr respiratory pathway was found to mitigate the reduction of NBS, suggesting that the anaerobic biodegradation of NBS occurred extracellularly. Knocking out cymA severely impaired the extracellular reduction ability of S. oneidensis MR-1. However, the phenotype of ΔcymA mutant could be compensated by the exogenous electron mediators, implying the trans-outer membrane diffusion of mediators into the periplasmic space. This work provides a new insight into the anaerobic reduction of aromatic contaminants by EAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xiao
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China; School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Ma
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Lu-Guang Wang
- Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97333, USA
| | - Fei Long
- Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97333, USA
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xiang-Tong Zhou
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97333, USA
| | - Li-Jun Wu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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Hira J, Uddin MJ, Haugland MM, Lentz CS. From Differential Stains to Next Generation Physiology: Chemical Probes to Visualize Bacterial Cell Structure and Physiology. Molecules 2020; 25:E4949. [PMID: 33114655 PMCID: PMC7663024 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical probes have been instrumental in microbiology since its birth as a discipline in the 19th century when chemical dyes were used to visualize structural features of bacterial cells for the first time. In this review article we will illustrate the evolving design of chemical probes in modern chemical biology and their diverse applications in bacterial imaging and phenotypic analysis. We will introduce and discuss a variety of different probe types including fluorogenic substrates and activity-based probes that visualize metabolic and specific enzyme activities, metabolic labeling strategies to visualize structural features of bacterial cells, antibiotic-based probes as well as fluorescent conjugates to probe biomolecular uptake pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Hira
- Research Group for Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology and Centre for New Antibacterial Strategies (CANS), UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; (J.H.); (M.J.U.)
| | - Md. Jalal Uddin
- Research Group for Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology and Centre for New Antibacterial Strategies (CANS), UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; (J.H.); (M.J.U.)
| | - Marius M. Haugland
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for New Antibacterial Strategies (CANS), UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway;
| | - Christian S. Lentz
- Research Group for Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology and Centre for New Antibacterial Strategies (CANS), UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; (J.H.); (M.J.U.)
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Garcez AS, Kaplan M, Jensen GJ, Scheidt FR, Oliveira EM, Suzuki SS. Effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:102029. [PMID: 32980553 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study used Electron Cryo-tomography (ECT) and fluorescent images to evaluate antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on the envelope architecture of a Gram-negative bacteria and the effects of combined therapy of aPDT and antibiotics. Standard and clinical suspension of Escherichia coli were submitted to photodynamic treatment with methylene blue solution (100μM) and a 100 mW LED emitting at 660 nm with 3 and 18 J of energy. As a control group, a suspension of E. coli was submitted to penicillin V for 60 min at 30 °C, to compare the damage in cell wall structure. After treatment, ECT images were collected and E. coli biofilms were grown in glass-cover slides and stained with live/dead staining for fluorescence analysis before and after treatments. Bacteria were also submitted to disc diffusion and MIC50 tests with Ampicillin, Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid, Clindamycin and Erythromycin. For in vivo experiment Galleria mellonella larvae were infected with E. coli and treated with antibiotics, aPDT or combined therapy. ECT images presented damage to cell walls and vesicles structures inside and outside the bacteria and fluorescent images showed dose dependent effect of aPDT. Antibiotic or aPDT alone did not improve the survival of caterpillars, but the combined therapy significantly increased survival curve. ECT and fluorescent images shows that aPDT seems to promote micro-damages to cell envelope and causes the production of membrane vesicles permeabilizing cell membranes. The results showed that pre-treating bacterial cells with a photosensitizer and light make them more susceptible to antibiotics and could be an alternative to local infection treatment by resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aguinaldo S Garcez
- Department of oral Microbiology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Mohammed Kaplan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
| | - Grant J Jensen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
| | - Fábio R Scheidt
- Department of oral Microbiology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Oliveira
- Department of oral Microbiology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Selly S Suzuki
- Department of oral Microbiology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, Brazil
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Guo M, Zhang L, He Q, Arabi SA, Zhao H, Chen W, Ye X, Liu D. Synergistic antibacterial effects of ultrasound and thyme essential oils nanoemulsion against Escherichia coli O157:H7. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 66:104988. [PMID: 32222643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.104988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Essential oil nanoemulsions have been proven to have stronger antimicrobial effects compared to the essential oil alone or coarse emulsion. Sonoporation could be the promising candidate to trigger a synergistic effect with thyme essential oil nanoemulsion (TEON) and produce a more effective antibacterial efficacy. Therefore, in this study, the bactericidal effects of ultrasound (US) in combination with TEON treatments against Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 were investigated. The remarkable synergistic effects of US (20 kHz, 255 W/cm2, 9 min) and TEON (0.375 mg/mL) treatments at 22 °C reduced E. coli O157:H7 populations by 7.42 ± 0.27 log CFU/mL. The morphological changes of cells exposed to different treatments were observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the synergistic effects of the ultrasound and TEON treatments altered the morphology and interior microstructure of organism cells. Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) images revealed that the combination treatments of ultrasound and TEON altered the permeability of cell membranes, and this affected the integrity of E. coli O157:H7 cells. This was further indicated by the high amounts of nucleic acids and proteins released from these cells following treatment. The results from this study illustrated the mechanisms of the synergistic effects of sonoporation and TEON treatments and provided valuable information for their potential in food pasteurization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Guo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100
| | - Lianjiao Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058
| | - Qiao He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058
| | | | - Huanhuan Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058
| | - Weijun Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100
| | - Donghong Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100.
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21
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Del Valle A, Torra J, Bondia P, Tone CM, Pedraz P, Vadillo-Rodriguez V, Flors C. Mechanically Induced Bacterial Death Imaged in Real Time: A Simultaneous Nanoindentation and Fluorescence Microscopy Study. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:31235-31241. [PMID: 32476402 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Mechano-bactericidal nanomaterials rely on their mechanical or physical interactions with bacteria and are promising antimicrobial strategies that overcome bacterial resistance. However, the real effect of mechanical versus chemical action on their activity is under debate. In this paper, we quantify the forces necessary to produce critical damage to the bacterial cell wall by performing simultaneous nanoindentation and fluorescence imaging of single bacterial cells. Our experimental setup allows puncturing the cell wall of an immobilized bacterium with the tip of an atomic force microscope (AFM) and following in real time the increase in the fluorescence signal from a cell membrane integrity marker. We correlate the forces exerted by the AFM tip with the fluorescence dynamics for tens of cells, and we find that forces above 20 nN are necessary to exert critical damage. Moreover, a similar experiment is performed in which bacterial viability is assessed through physiological activity, in order to gain a more complete view of the effect of mechanical forces on bacteria. Our results contribute to the quantitative understanding of the interaction between bacteria and nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Del Valle
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanociencia), C/Faraday 9, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Joaquim Torra
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanociencia), C/Faraday 9, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Patricia Bondia
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanociencia), C/Faraday 9, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Caterina M Tone
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanociencia), C/Faraday 9, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Patricia Pedraz
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanociencia), C/Faraday 9, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Flors
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanociencia), C/Faraday 9, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Nanobiotechnology Unit Associated to the National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC-IMDEA), Madrid 28049, Spain
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22
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Immobilization of Phosphatidylserine by Ethanol and Lysozyme on the Cell Surface for Evaluation of Apoptosis-Like Decay in Activated-Sludge Bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.00345-20. [PMID: 32414801 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00345-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate determination of microbial viability can be crucial in microbe-dominated biosystems. However, the identification of metabolic decay in bacterial cells can be elaborate and difficult. We sought to identify apoptosis-like bacterial processes by using annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) (AVF), a probe typically used to stain phosphatidylserine (PS) on exposed cell membranes. The bacterial cell wall provides a barrier that is responsible for low efficiency of direct PS staining of decayed bacterial cells. This can be overcome by pretreatment of the bacteria with 70% ethanol, which fixates the bacteria and preserves the PS status, combined with lysozyme treatment to hydrolyze the cell wall. That treatment improved the efficiency of AVF staining considerably, as shown for pure strains of an Ochrobactrum sp. and a Micrococcus sp. Using this method, decayed bacterial cells (induced by starvation) were more strongly stained, indicating externalization of PS to a greater extent than seen for cells harvested at logarithmic growth. A multispecies microbial sludge was artificially decayed by heat treatment or alternating anoxic-oxic treatment, which also induced increased AVF staining, again presumably via decay-related PS externalization. The method developed proved to be efficient for identification of bacterial decay and has potential for the evaluation of multispecies bacterial samples from sources like soil matrix, bioaerosol, and activated sludge.IMPORTANCE Since the externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) is considered a crucial characteristic of apoptosis, we sought to identify apoptosis-like decay in bacterial cells by PS staining using AVF. We show that this is possible, provided the bacteria are pretreated with ethanol plus lysozyme to remove a physical staining barrier and preserve the original, decay-related externalization of PS. Our work suggests that PS externalization occurs in starved bacteria and this can be quantified with AVF staining, providing a measure of bacterial decay. Since PS is the common component of the lipid bilayer in bacterial cell membranes, this approach also has potential for evaluation of cell decay of other bacterial species.
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23
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Maertens L, Coninx I, Claesen J, Leys N, Matroule JY, Van Houdt R. Copper Resistance Mediates Long-Term Survival of Cupriavidus metallidurans in Wet Contact With Metallic Copper. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1208. [PMID: 32582116 PMCID: PMC7284064 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallic copper to combat bacterial proliferation in drinking water systems is being investigated as an attractive alternative to existing strategies. A potential obstacle to this approach is the induction of metal resistance mechanisms in contaminating bacteria, that could severely impact inactivation efficacy. Thus far, the role of these resistance mechanisms has not been studied in conditions relevant to drinking water systems. Therefore, we evaluated the inactivation kinetics of Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 in contact with metallic copper in drinking water. Viability and membrane permeability were examined for 9 days through viable counts and flow cytometry. After an initial drop in viable count, a significant recovery was observed starting after 48 h. This behavior could be explained by either a recovery from an injured/viable-but-non-culturable state or regrowth of surviving cells metabolizing lysed cells. Either hypothesis would necessitate an induction of copper resistance mechanisms, since no recovery was seen in a CH34 mutant strain lacking metal resistance mechanisms, while being more pronounced when copper resistance mechanisms were pre-induced. Interestingly, no biofilms were formed on the copper surface, while extensive biofilm formation was observed on the stainless steel control plates. When CH34 cells in water were supplied with CuSO4, a similar initial decrease in viable counts was observed, but cells recovered fully after 7 days. In conclusion, we have shown that long-term bacterial survival in the presence of a copper surface is possible upon the induction of metal resistance mechanisms. This observation may have important consequences in the context of the increasing use of copper as an antimicrobial surface, especially in light of potential co-selection for metal and antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Maertens
- Microbiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
- Research Unit in Microorganisms Biology (URBM), Narilis Institute, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Ilse Coninx
- Microbiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Jürgen Claesen
- Microbiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Natalie Leys
- Microbiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Jean-Yves Matroule
- Research Unit in Microorganisms Biology (URBM), Narilis Institute, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Rob Van Houdt
- Microbiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
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24
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He J, Zhai J, Yu D, Fang Y, Liu C, Liu L, Dong S. A respiration substrate-less isolation method for acute toxicity assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125511. [PMID: 31809936 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Respiration substrate (RS)-less isolation method was developed for enhancing the sensitivity of acute toxicity assessment of heavy metal ions. RS was removed from the first step of previous isolation method, which was an effective strategy for improving acute toxicity assessment. 50% inhibiting concentration (IC50) values of Cu2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Hg2+ and Ni2+ were 0.39 mg L-1, 5.99 mg L-1, 3.99 mg L-1, 0.23 mg L-1 and 5.74 mg L-1, respectively. Beyond that, the complicacy of organic toxicants assessments was investigated by choosing 3,5-dichlorophenol (DCP) as model toxicant. Biofilm sensor, morphology method and suspended microbes-based methods including one-pot method, RS-isolation method, RS-less isolation method, RS-less isolation method with added potassium ferricyanide (+F), were compared. The sensitivity to DCP can be ranked as morphology method > suspended microbes-based methods > biofilm method. The difference of the present results implicated that the methodological interference, leading in different detection mechanisms of these methods. The relative investigations can provide theoretical guidance for developing comprehensive detection methods of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingting He
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, PR China
| | - Junfeng Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, PR China
| | - Dengbin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, PR China
| | - Youxing Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, PR China
| | - Chang Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, PR China.
| | - Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, PR China.
| | - Shaojun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, PR China.
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25
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Abstract
Water suppliers aim to achieve microbiological stability throughout their supply system by regular monitoring of water quality. Monitoring temporal biomass dynamics at high frequency is time consuming due to the labor-intensive nature and limitations of conventional, cultivation-based detection methods. The goal of this study was to assess the value of new rapid monitoring methods for quantifying and characterizing dynamic fluctuations in bacterial biomass. Using flow cytometry and two precise enzymatic detection methods, bacterial biomass-related parameters were monitored at three riverbank filtration sites. Additionally, the treatment capacity of an ultrafiltration pilot plant was researched using online flow-cytometry. The results provide insights into microbiological quality of treated water and emphasize the value of rapid, easy and sensitive alternatives to traditional bacterial monitoring techniques.
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26
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Liu L, Liu C, Zhang H, He J, Zhai J, Yu D, Dong S. How to Identify the "LIVE/DEAD" States of Microbes Related to Biosensing. ACS Sens 2020; 5:258-264. [PMID: 31876407 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b02138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we fabricated a microbial biosensor with long-term stability, which relied on microbial activity. Activity of the microbe was commonly estimated by LIVE/DEAD assay and the propidium iodide (PI)-stained one was judged as dead. Herein, we proposed the utilization of a physiological state of microbes, which was neither live nor dead but between them. In this state, microbes represented a high PI-stained ratio but still had catalytic ability. This microbial state was obtained by forming the biofilm under the conditions of poor nutrition and low temperature. Thus, the dividing and proliferating ability of the microbes in the biofilm was weak, which was beneficial for long-term stability. This mechanism was further confirmed by the biosensors made from multifarious substrate materials, including graphene-based gel, biomass-based gel, graphite felt, and poly(vinyl chloride). This biosensor was applied to water pollution monitoring in the laboratory for 2 years and then was integrated into a multiparameter water quality monitoring station on a local lake for 2.5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Changyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China
| | - He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Jingting He
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, PR China
| | - Junfeng Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Dengbin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Shaojun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
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27
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Raheem N, Straus SK. Mechanisms of Action for Antimicrobial Peptides With Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Functions. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2866. [PMID: 31921046 PMCID: PMC6927293 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibiotic crisis has led to a pressing need for alternatives such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Recent work has shown that these molecules have great potential not only as antimicrobials, but also as antibiofilm agents, immune modulators, anti-cancer agents and anti-inflammatories. A better understanding of the mechanism of action (MOA) of AMPs is an important part of the discovery of more potent and less toxic AMPs. Many models and techniques have been utilized to describe the MOA. This review will examine how biological assays and biophysical methods can be utilized in the context of the specific antibacterial and antibiofilm functions of AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigare Raheem
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Suzana K Straus
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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28
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Marino A, Camponovo A, Degl'Innocenti A, Bartolucci M, Tapeinos C, Martinelli C, De Pasquale D, Santoro F, Mollo V, Arai S, Suzuki M, Harada Y, Petretto A, Ciofani G. Multifunctional temozolomide-loaded lipid superparamagnetic nanovectors: dual targeting and disintegration of glioblastoma spheroids by synergic chemotherapy and hyperthermia treatment. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:21227-21248. [PMID: 31663592 PMCID: PMC6867905 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr07976a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Aiming at finding new solutions for fighting glioblastoma multiforme, one of the most aggressive and lethal human cancer, here an in vitro validation of multifunctional nanovectors for drug delivery and hyperthermia therapy is proposed. Hybrid magnetic lipid nanoparticles have been fully characterized and tested on a multi-cellular complex model resembling the tumor microenvironment. Investigations of cancer therapy based on a physical approach (namely hyperthermia) and on a pharmaceutical approach (by exploiting the chemotherapeutic drug temozolomide) have been extensively carried out, by evaluating its antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on 3D models of glioblastoma multiforme. A systematic study of transcytosis and endocytosis mechanisms has been moreover performed with multiple complimentary investigations, besides a detailed description of local temperature increments following hyperthermia application. Finally, an in-depth proteomic analysis corroborated the obtained findings, which can be summarized in the preparation of a versatile, multifunctional, and effective nanoplatform able to overcome the blood-brain barrier and to induce powerful anti-cancer effects on in vitro complex models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attilio Marino
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy.
| | - Alice Camponovo
- Politecnico di Torino, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Degl'Innocenti
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy.
| | - Martina Bartolucci
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Christos Tapeinos
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy.
| | - Chiara Martinelli
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy.
| | - Daniele De Pasquale
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy. and Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, The Biorobotics Institute, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
| | - Francesca Santoro
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Mollo
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Satoshi Arai
- Kanazawa University, Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kakuma-Machi, 920-1192 Kanazawa, Japan and Waseda University, Research Institute for Science and Engineering, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, 169-8555 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Madoka Suzuki
- Osaka University, Institute for Protein Research, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-Shi, 565-0871 Osaka, Japan and PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, 332-0012 Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshie Harada
- Osaka University, Institute for Protein Research, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-Shi, 565-0871 Osaka, Japan
| | - Andrea Petretto
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Gianni Ciofani
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy. and Politecnico di Torino, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
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29
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Vazquez-Muñoz R, Meza-Villezcas A, Fournier PGJ, Soria-Castro E, Juarez-Moreno K, Gallego-Hernández AL, Bogdanchikova N, Vazquez-Duhalt R, Huerta-Saquero A. Enhancement of antibiotics antimicrobial activity due to the silver nanoparticles impact on the cell membrane. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224904. [PMID: 31703098 PMCID: PMC6839893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of microorganisms to generate resistance outcompetes with the generation of new and efficient antibiotics; therefore, it is critical to develop novel antibiotic agents and treatments to control bacterial infections. An alternative to this worldwide problem is the use of nanomaterials with antimicrobial properties. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been extensively studied due to their antimicrobial effect in different organisms. In this work, the synergistic antimicrobial effect of AgNPs and conventional antibiotics was assessed in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. AgNPs minimal inhibitory concentration was 10–12 μg mL-1 in all bacterial strains tested, regardless of their different susceptibility against antibiotics. Interestingly, a synergistic antimicrobial effect was observed when combining AgNPs and kanamycin according to the fractional inhibitory concentration index, FICI: <0.5), an additive effect by combining AgNPs and chloramphenicol (FICI: 0.5 to 1), whereas no effect was found with AgNPs and β-lactam antibiotics combinations. Flow cytometry and TEM analysis showed that sublethal concentrations of AgNPs (6–7 μg mL-1) altered the bacterial membrane potential and caused ultrastructural damage, increasing the cell membrane permeability. No chemical interactions between AgNPs and antibiotics were detected. We propose an experimental supported mechanism of action by which combinatorial effect of antimicrobials drives synergy depending on their specific target, facilitated by membrane alterations generated by AgNPs. Our results provide a deeper understanding about the synergistic mechanism of AgNPs and antibiotics, aiming to combat antimicrobial infections efficiently, especially those by multi-drug resistant microorganisms, in order to mitigate the current crisis due to antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Vazquez-Muñoz
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada, Baja California, México
- Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - A. Meza-Villezcas
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada, Baja California, México
- Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - P. G. J. Fournier
- Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - E. Soria-Castro
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - K. Juarez-Moreno
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | | | - N. Bogdanchikova
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - R. Vazquez-Duhalt
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - A. Huerta-Saquero
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada, Baja California, México
- * E-mail:
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30
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Zou X, Zhang S, Chen L, Hu J, Hong FF. Determination of live and dead Komagataeibacter xylinus cells and first attempt at precise control of inoculation in nanocellulose production. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 13:458-469. [PMID: 31651088 PMCID: PMC7017834 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The timely enumeration of cells of nanocellulose-producing bacteria is challenging due to their unique growth properties. To better understand the metabolism of the bacteria and better control the concentration of living cells during cultivation, a prompt cell counting technology is crucial and urgently required. In this work, two fluorescent dyes, the asymmetrical anthocyanidin dye SYBR Green I (SG) and propidium iodide (PI), were first combined for Komagataeibacter xylinus species to determine live/dead bacterial cells quantitatively and promptly. The number of live and dead K. xylinus cells determined using an epifluorescence microscope corresponded well to the results obtained using a fluorescence microplate reader. The R2 values were 0.9986 and 0.9920, respectively, and were similar to those obtained with the LIVE/DEAD® BacLightTM commercial kit. SG/PI double-staining showed proper efficiency in distinguishing live/dead cells for the K. xylinus strain (R2 = 0.9898). The technology was applied to standardize four different K. xylinus strains, and the initial cell concentration of the strains was precisely controlled (no significant difference among the strains, P> 0.05). The cellulose yield per live cell was calculated, and significant differences (P < 0.05) were found among the four strains in the following order: DHU-ATCC-1> DHU-ZCY-1> DHU-ZGD-1> ATCC 23770. The study shows (i) the application of the SG/PI staining to standardizing inocula for bacterial cellulose production so that a more accurate comparison can be made between different strains, and (ii) the lower cost of using SG rather than the SYTO 9 of the commercially available LIVE/DEAD® BacLightTM kit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Zou
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, North Renmin Road 2999, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, North Renmin Road 2999, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, North Renmin Road 2999, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Junqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng F Hong
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, North Renmin Road 2999, Shanghai, 201620, China.,State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.,Scientific Research Base of Bacterial Nanofiber Manufacturing and Composite Technology, China Textile Engineering Society, Shanghai, 201620, China
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31
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Cationic Oligopeptide-Functionalized Mitochondria Targeting Sequence Show Mitochondria Targeting and Anticancer Activity. Macromol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-019-7153-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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32
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Han X, Chen C, Yan Q, Jia L, Taj A, Ma Y. Action of Dicumarol on Glucosamine-1-Phosphate Acetyltransferase of GlmU and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1799. [PMID: 31481936 PMCID: PMC6710349 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of most pathogenic microorganisms in the world. Previously, the bifunctional enzyme GlmU with glucosamine-1-phosphate acetyltransferase activity and N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate uridyltransferase activity has been suggested as a potential drug target; therefore, discovering compounds targeting GlmU acetyltransferase is necessary. The natural products were tested for inhibition of GlmU acetyltransferase activity. We found that dicumarol exhibited inhibitory effects on GlmU acetyltransferase, with a concentration achieving a 50% inhibition (IC50) value of 4.608 μg/ml (13.7 μM). The inhibition kinetics indicated that dicumarol uncompetitively inhibited acetyl CoA and showed mixed-type inhibition for glucosamine-1-phosphate (GlcN-1-P). The activity of dicumarol against M. tuberculosis H37Ra was evaluated with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 6.25 μg/ml (18.55 μM) in the Alamar blue assay. Dicumarol also exhibited inhibitory effects on several clinically sensitive M. tuberculosis strains and drug-resistant strains, with a range of MIC value of 6.25 to >100 μg/ml. Dicumarol increased the sensitivity of anti-tuberculosis drugs (isoniazid and rifampicin) when dicumarol was present at a low concentration. The transcriptome and proteome data of M. tuberculosis H37Ra treated by dicumarol showed that the affected genes were associated with cell wall synthesis, DNA damage and repair, metabolic processes, and signal transduction. These results provided the mechanism of dicumarol inhibition against GlmU acetyltransferase and M. tuberculosis and also suggested that dicumarol is a potential candidate for TB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyan Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Changming Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiulong Yan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liqiu Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ayaz Taj
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yufang Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Chen C, Han X, Yan Q, Wang C, Jia L, Taj A, Zhao L, Ma Y. The Inhibitory Effect of GlmU Acetyltransferase Inhibitor TPSA on Mycobacterium tuberculosis May Be Affected Due to Its Methylation by Methyltransferase Rv0560c. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:251. [PMID: 31380295 PMCID: PMC6652808 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis bifunctional enzyme GlmU is a novel target for anti-TB drugs and is involved in glycosyl donor UDP-N-acetylglucosamine biosynthesis. Here, we found that TPSA (2-[5-(2-{[4-(2-thienyl)-2-pyrimidinyl]sulfanyl}acetyl)-2-thienyl]acetic acid) was a novel inhibitor for GlmU acetyltransferase activity (IC50: 5.3 μM). The interaction sites of GlmU and TPSA by molecular docking were confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis. TPSA showed an inhibitory effect on Mtb H37Ra growth and intracellular H37Ra in macrophage cells (MIC: 66.5 μM). To investigate why TPSA at a higher concentration (66.5 μM) was able to inhibit H37Ra growth, proteome and transcriptome of H37Ra treated with TPSA were analyzed. The expression of two methyltransferases MRA_0565 (Rv0558) and MRA_0567 (Rv0560c) were markedly increased. TPSA was pre-incubated with purified Rv0558 and Rv0560c in the presence of S-adenosylmethionine (methyl donor) respectively, resulting in its decreased inhibitory effect of GlmU on acetyltransferase activity. The inhibition of TPSA on growth of H37Ra with overexpressed Rv0558 and Rv0560c was reduced. These implied that methyltransferases could modify TPSA. The methylation of TPSA catalyzed by Rv0560c was subsequently confirmed by LC-MS. Therefore, TPSA as a GlmU acetyltransferase activity inhibitor may offer a structural basis for new anti-tuberculosis drugs. TPSA needs to be modified further by some groups to prevent its methylation by methyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changming Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiuyan Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiulong Yan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liqiu Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ayaz Taj
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lizhe Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yufang Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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34
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Godoy-Santos F, Pitts B, Stewart PS, Mantovani HC. Nisin penetration and efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms under continuous-flow conditions. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2019; 165:761-771. [PMID: 31088602 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms may enhance the tolerance of bacterial pathogens to disinfectants, biocides and other stressors by restricting the penetration of antimicrobials into the matrix-enclosed cell aggregates, which contributes to the recalcitrance of biofilm-associated infections. In this work, we performed real-time monitoring of the penetration of nisin into the interior of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms under continuous flow and compared the efficacy of this lantibiotic against planktonic and sessile cells of S. aureus. Biofilms were grown in Center for Disease Control (CDC) reactors and the spatial and temporal effects of nisin action on S. aureus cells were monitored by real-time confocal microscopy. Under continuous flow, nisin caused loss of membrane integrity of sessile cells and reached the bottom of the biofilms within ~20 min of exposure. Viability analysis using propidium iodide staining indicated that nisin was bactericidal against S. aureus biofilm cells. Time-kill assays showed that S. aureus viability reduced 6.71 and 1.64 log c.f.u. ml-1 for homogenized planktonic cells in exponential and stationary phase, respectively. For the homogenized and intact S. aureus CDC biofilms, mean viability decreased 1.25 and 0.50 log c.f.u. ml-1, respectively. Our results demonstrate the kinetics of biofilm killing by nisin under continuous-flow conditions, and shows that alterations in the physiology of S. aureus cells contribute to variations in sensitivity to the lantibiotic. The approach developed here could be useful to evaluate the antibiofilm efficacy of other bacteriocins either independently or in combination with other antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Godoy-Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Betsey Pitts
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Philip S Stewart
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Hilario C Mantovani
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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35
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Manganese-doped carbon quantum dots for fluorometric and magnetic resonance (dual mode) bioimaging and biosensing. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:315. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3407-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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36
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Rosenberg M, Azevedo NF, Ivask A. Propidium iodide staining underestimates viability of adherent bacterial cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6483. [PMID: 31019274 PMCID: PMC6482146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42906-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Combining membrane impermeable DNA-binding stain propidium iodide (PI) with membrane-permeable DNA-binding counterstains is a widely used approach for bacterial viability staining. In this paper we show that PI staining of adherent cells in biofilms may significantly underestimate bacterial viability due to the presence of extracellular nucleic acids (eNA). We demonstrate that gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis and gram-negative Escherichia coli 24-hour initial biofilms on glass consist of 76 and 96% PI-positive red cells in situ, respectively, even though 68% the cells of either species in these aggregates are metabolically active. Furthermore, 82% of E. coli and 89% S. epidermidis are cultivable after harvesting. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) revealed that this false dead layer of red cells is due to a subpopulation of double-stained cells that have green interiors under red coating layer which hints at eNA being stained outside intact membranes. Therefore, viability staining results of adherent cells should always be validated by an alternative method for estimating viability, preferably by cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merilin Rosenberg
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia. .,Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Nuno F Azevedo
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy; Department of Chemical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Angela Ivask
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
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37
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Daptomycin Pore Formation and Stoichiometry Depend on Membrane Potential of Target Membrane. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 63:AAC.01589-18. [PMID: 30323037 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01589-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Daptomycin is a calcium-dependent lipodepsipeptide antibiotic clinically used to treat serious infections caused by Gram-positive pathogens. Its precise mode of action is somewhat controversial; the biggest issue is daptomycin pore formation, which we directly investigated here. We first performed a screening experiment using propidium iodide (PI) entry to Bacillus subtilis cells and chose the optimum and therapeutically relevant conditions (10 µg/ml daptomycin and 1.25 mM CaCl2) for the subsequent analyses. Using conductance measurements on planar lipid bilayers, we show that daptomycin forms nonuniform oligomeric pores with conductance ranging from 120 pS to 14 nS. The smallest conductance unit is probably a dimer; however, tetramers and pentamers occur in the membrane most frequently. Moreover, daptomycin pore-forming activity is exponentially dependent on the applied membrane voltage. We further analyzed the membrane-permeabilizing activity in B. subtilis cells using fluorescence methods [PI and DiSC3(5)]. Daptomycin most rapidly permeabilizes cells with high initial membrane potential and dissipates it within a few minutes. Low initial membrane potential hinders daptomycin pore formation.
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38
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Alhede M, Stavnsbjerg C, Bjarnsholt T. The use of fluorescent staining techniques for microscopic investigation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and bacteria. APMIS 2018; 126:779-794. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alhede
- Costerton Biofilm Center; Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Camilla Stavnsbjerg
- Costerton Biofilm Center; Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Thomas Bjarnsholt
- Costerton Biofilm Center; Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology; Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
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39
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Mortimer M, Devarajan N, Li D, Holden PA. Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Induce More Pronounced Transcriptomic Responses in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PG201 than Graphene, Exfoliated Boron Nitride, or Carbon Black. ACS NANO 2018; 12:2728-2740. [PMID: 29455524 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b08977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbonaceous and boron nitride (BN) nanomaterials have similar applications and hydrophobic properties suggesting common release pathways and exposure to bacteria. While high nanomaterial concentrations can be bactericidal or growth-inhibitory, little is known regarding bacterial transcriptional responses to non-growth-inhibitory nanomaterial concentrations. Here, using one strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-a clinically and environmentally important bacterial taxon-we analyzed the comparative transcriptomic response to carbonaceous or BN nanomaterials. We show that, at non-growth-inhibitory, equal mass concentrations (10 mg/L), multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) induced differential regulation of 111 genes in P. aeruginosa, while graphene, BN, and carbon black caused differential regulation of 44, 26, and 25 genes, respectively. MWCNTs caused the upregulation of genes encoding general stress response (9 genes), sulfur metabolism (15), and transport of small molecules (7) and downregulation of genes encoding flagellar basal-body rod proteins and other virulence-related factors (6), nitrogen metabolism (7), and membrane proteins (12), including a two-component regulatory system CzcS/R. Because two-component systems are associated with antibiotic resistance, the antibiotic susceptibility of P. aeruginosa was tested following MWCNT exposure. In MWCNT-treated cultures, the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of meropenem and imipenem decreased from 0.06 to 0.03 μg/mL and from 0.25 to 0.125 μg/mL, respectively. Taken together, whole genome analysis indicated that, in the absence of growth inhibition, nanomaterials can alter bacterial physiology and metabolism. For MWCNTs, such alterations may include downregulation of antibiotic resistance pathways, suggesting that pre-exposure to MWCNTs could potentially render bacteria more susceptible to carbapenems which are often the last resort for the globally concerning, highly antibiotic resistant P. aeruginosa.
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40
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Abstract
The apparent mislocalization or excretion of cytoplasmic proteins is a commonly observed phenomenon in both bacteria and eukaryotes. However, reports on the mechanistic basis and the cellular function of this so-called “nonclassical protein secretion” are limited. Here we report that protein overexpression in recombinant cells and antibiotic-induced translation stress in wild-type Escherichia coli cells both lead to excretion of cytoplasmic protein (ECP). Condition-specific metabolomic and proteomic analyses, combined with genetic knockouts, indicate a role for both the large mechanosensitive channel (MscL) and the alternative ribosome rescue factor A (ArfA) in ECP. Collectively, the findings indicate that MscL-dependent protein excretion is positively regulated in response to both osmotic stress and arfA-mediated translational stress. Protein translocation is an essential feature of cellular organisms. Bacteria, like all single-cell organisms, interact with their environment by translocation of proteins across their cell membranes via dedicated secretion pathways. Proteins destined for secretion are directed toward the secretion pathways by the presence of specific signal peptides. This study demonstrates that under conditions of both osmotic stress and translation stress, E. coli cells undergo an excretion phenomenon whereby signal peptide-less proteins are translocated across both the inner and outer cell membranes into the extracellular environment. Confirming the presence of alternative translocation/excretion pathways and understanding their function and regulation are thus important for fundamental microbiology and biotechnology.
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41
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Tang R, Wu D, Chen W, Feng C, Wei C. Biocathode denitrification of coke wastewater effluent from an industrial aeration tank: Effect of long-term adaptation. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Tolstykh GP, Thompson GL, Beier HT, Steelman ZA, Ibey BL. nsPEF-induced PIP 2 depletion, PLC activity and actin cytoskeletal cortex remodeling are responsible for post-exposure cellular swelling and blebbing. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 9:36-41. [PMID: 28955986 PMCID: PMC5614542 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell swelling and blebbing has been commonly observed following nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) exposure. The hypothesized origin of these effects is nanoporation of the plasma membrane (PM) followed by transmembrane diffusion of extracellular fluid and disassembly of cortical actin structures. This investigation will provide evidence that shows passive movement of fluid into the cell through nanopores and increase of intracellular osmotic pressure are not solely responsible for this observed phenomena. We demonstrate that phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) depletion and hydrolysis are critical steps in the chain reaction leading to cellular blebbing and swelling. PIP2 is heavily involved in osmoregulation by modulation of ion channels and also serves as an intracellular membrane anchor to cortical actin and phospholipase C (PLC). Given the rather critical role that PIP2 depletion appears to play in the response of cells to nsPEF exposure, it remains unclear how its downstream effects and, specifically, ion channel regulation may contribute to cellular swelling, blebbing, and unknown mechanisms of the lasting “permeabilization” of the PM. Nanosecond electric pulses (nsEPs) of high amplitude induce hydrolysis of PIP2. PLC activation is leading to post-exposure cellular swelling and blebbing. Ion channels modulation and nanoporation are responsible for cellular swelling. Cortical actin dissociation after PIP2 depletion is critical for cellular blebbing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleb P. Tolstykh
- General Dynamics Information Technology, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
- Corespondence to: General Dynamics Information Technology, 4141 Petroleum Road, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
| | - Gary L. Thompson
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science & Education, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hope T. Beier
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Bioeffects Division, Optical Radiation Bioeffects Branch, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Bennett L. Ibey
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Bioeffects Division, Radio Frequency Bioeffects Branch, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
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