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Owaki T, Iida T, Miyai Y, Kato K, Hase T, Ishii M, Ando R, Hinohara K, Akashi T, Mizutani Y, Ishikawa T, Mii S, Shiraki Y, Esaki N, Yamamoto M, Tsukamoto T, Nomura S, Murakami T, Takahashi M, Yuguchi Y, Maeda M, Sano T, Sassa N, Matsukawa Y, Kawashima H, Akamatsu S, Enomoto A. Synthetic retinoid-mediated preconditioning of cancer-associated fibroblasts and macrophages improves cancer response to immune checkpoint blockade. Br J Cancer 2024; 131:372-386. [PMID: 38849479 PMCID: PMC11263587 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02734-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proliferation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) hampers drug delivery and anti-tumor immunity, inducing tumor resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. However, it has remained a challenge to develop therapeutics that specifically target or modulate CAFs. METHODS We investigated the involvement of Meflin+ cancer-restraining CAFs (rCAFs) in ICB efficacy in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and urothelial carcinoma (UC). We examined the effects of Am80 (a synthetic retinoid) administration on CAF phenotype, the tumor immune microenvironment, and ICB efficacy in cancer mouse models. RESULTS High infiltration of Meflin+ CAFs correlated with ICB efficacy in patients with ccRCC and UC. Meflin+ CAF induction by Am80 administration improved ICB efficacy in the mouse models of cancer. Am80 exerted this effect when administered prior to, but not concomitant with, ICB therapy in wild-type but not Meflin-deficient mice. Am80-mediated induction of Meflin+ CAFs was associated with increases in antibody delivery and M1-like tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) infiltration. Finally, we showed the role of Chemerin produced from CAFs after Am80 administration in the induction of M1-like TAMs. CONCLUSION Our data suggested that Am80 administration prior to ICB therapy increases the number of Meflin+ rCAFs and ICB efficacy by inducing changes in TAM phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Owaki
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Urology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tadashi Iida
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Yuki Miyai
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Kato
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Hase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Makoto Ishii
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryota Ando
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Hinohara
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Akashi
- Division of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Mizutani
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takuya Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinji Mii
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shiraki
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Esaki
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masami Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Physiological Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tsukamoto
- Division of Analytical Pathology, Oncology Innovation Center, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Nomura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Microbiology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masahide Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
- International Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yuri Yuguchi
- Department of Urology, Chukyo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Tomoyasu Sano
- Department of Urology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoto Sassa
- Department of Urology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Matsukawa
- Department of Urology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawashima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shusuke Akamatsu
- Department of Urology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research, Gifu University Institute for Advanced Study, Gifu, Japan.
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Kimura T, Akazawa T, Mizote Y, Nakamura H, Sakaue M, Maniwa T, Shintani Y, Honma K, Tahara H, Okami J. Progressive changes in the protein expression profile of alveolar septa in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma. Int J Clin Oncol 2024; 29:771-779. [PMID: 38600426 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-024-02507-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenocarcinomas show a stepwise progression from atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) through adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) to invasive adenocarcinoma (IA). Immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine-rich repeat (ISLR) is a marker of tumor-restraining cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which are distinct from conventional, strongly α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)-positive CAFs. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) has been focused on as a potential therapeutic and diagnostic target of CAFs. METHODS We investigated the changes in protein expression during adenocarcinoma progression in the pre-existing alveolar septa by assessing ISLR, αSMA, and FAP expression in normal lung, AAH, AIS, and IA. Fourteen AAH, seventeen AIS, and twenty IA lesions were identified and randomly sampled. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to evaluate cancer-associated changes and FAP expression in the pre-existing alveolar structures. RESULTS Normal alveolar septa expressed ISLR. The ISLR level in the alveolar septa decreased in AAH and AIS tissues when compared with that in normal lung tissue. The αSMA-positive area gradually increased from the adjacent lung tissue (13.3% ± 15%) to AIS (87.7% ± 14%), through AAH (70.2% ± 21%). Moreover, the FAP-positive area gradually increased from AAH (1.69% ± 1.4%) to IA (11.8% ± 7.1%), through AIS (6.11% ± 5.3%). Protein expression changes are a feature of CAFs in the pre-existing alveolar septa that begin in AAH. These changes gradually progressed from AAH to IA through AIS. CONCLUSIONS FAP-positive fibroblasts may contribute to tumor stroma formation in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma, and this could influence the development of therapeutic strategies targeting FAP-positive CAFs for disrupting extracellular matrix formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Kimura
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69, Otemae, Chuo-Ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan.
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-L5, Yamadaoka, , Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Takashi Akazawa
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69, Otemae, Chuo-Ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Yu Mizote
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69, Otemae, Chuo-Ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Harumi Nakamura
- Laboratory of Genomic Pathology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69, Otemae, Chuo-Ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Miki Sakaue
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69, Otemae, Chuo-Ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Maniwa
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69, Otemae, Chuo-Ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shintani
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-L5, Yamadaoka, , Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Honma
- Department of Pathology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69, Otemae, Chuo-Ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tahara
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69, Otemae, Chuo-Ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
- Project Division of Cancer Biomolecular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Jiro Okami
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69, Otemae, Chuo-Ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
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Musiu C, Lupo F, Agostini A, Lionetto G, Bevere M, Paiella S, Carbone C, Corbo V, Ugel S, De Sanctis F. Cellular collusion: cracking the code of immunosuppression and chemo resistance in PDAC. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1341079. [PMID: 38817612 PMCID: PMC11137177 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1341079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the efforts, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is still highly lethal. Therapeutic challenges reside in late diagnosis and establishment of peculiar tumor microenvironment (TME) supporting tumor outgrowth. This stromal landscape is highly heterogeneous between patients and even in the same patient. The organization of functional sub-TME with different cellular compositions provides evolutive advantages and sustains therapeutic resistance. Tumor progressively establishes a TME that can suit its own needs, including proliferation, stemness and invasion. Cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells, the main non-neoplastic cellular TME components, follow soluble factors-mediated neoplastic instructions and synergize to promote chemoresistance and immune surveillance destruction. Unveiling heterotypic stromal-neoplastic interactions is thus pivotal to breaking this synergism and promoting the reprogramming of the TME toward an anti-tumor milieu, improving thus the efficacy of conventional and immune-based therapies. We underscore recent advances in the characterization of immune and fibroblast stromal components supporting or dampening pancreatic cancer progression, as well as novel multi-omic technologies improving the current knowledge of PDAC biology. Finally, we put into context how the clinic will translate the acquired knowledge to design new-generation clinical trials with the final aim of improving the outcome of PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Musiu
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Lupo
- Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Antonio Agostini
- Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Lionetto
- General and Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Pancreas Institute, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Bevere
- ARC-Net Research Centre, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Salvatore Paiella
- General and Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Pancreas Institute, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Carmine Carbone
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Corbo
- Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Ugel
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Chen S, Liang B, Xu J. Unveiling heterogeneity in MSCs: exploring marker-based strategies for defining MSC subpopulations. J Transl Med 2024; 22:459. [PMID: 38750573 PMCID: PMC11094970 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) represent a heterogeneous cell population distributed throughout various tissues, demonstrating remarkable adaptability to microenvironmental cues and holding immense promise for disease treatment. However, the inherent diversity within MSCs often leads to variability in therapeutic outcomes, posing challenges for clinical applications. To address this heterogeneity, purification of MSC subpopulations through marker-based isolation has emerged as a promising approach to ensure consistent therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we discussed the reported markers of MSCs, encompassing those developed through candidate marker strategies and high-throughput approaches, with the aim of explore viable strategies for addressing the heterogeneity of MSCs and illuminate prospective research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowei Liang
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital), Fuqiang Avenue 1001, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Wang T, Chen M, Su Y, Zhang Y, Liu C, Lan M, Li L, Liu F, Li N, Yu Y, Xiong L, Wang K, Liu J, Xu Q, Hu Y, Jia Y, Cao Y, Pan J, Meng Q. Immunoglobulin Superfamily Containing Leucine-Rich Repeat (ISLR) Serves as a Redox Sensor That Modulates Antioxidant Capacity by Suppressing Pyruvate Kinase Isozyme M2 Activity. Cells 2024; 13:838. [PMID: 38786060 PMCID: PMC11119796 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cells defend against oxidative stress by enhancing antioxidant capacity, including stress-activated metabolic alterations, but the underlying intracellular signaling mechanisms remain unclear. This paper reports that immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine-rich repeat (ISLR) functions as a redox sensor that responds to reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulation and modulates the antioxidant capacity by suppressing pyruvate kinase isozyme M2 (PKM2) activity. Following oxidative stress, ISLR perceives ROS stimulation through its cysteine residue 19, and rapidly degrades in the autophagy-lysosome pathway. The downregulated ISLR enhances the antioxidant capacity by promoting the tetramerization of PKM2, and then enhancing the pyruvate kinase activity, PKM2-mediated glycolysis is crucial to the ISLR-mediated antioxidant capacity. In addition, our results demonstrated that, in triple-negative breast cancer, cisplatin treatment reduced the level of ISLR, and PKM2 inhibition sensitizes tumors to cisplatin by enhancing ROS production; and argued that PKM2 inhibition can synergize with cisplatin to limit tumor growth. Our results demonstrate a molecular mechanism by which cells respond to oxidative stress and modulate the redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qingyong Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (T.W.); (M.C.); (Y.S.); (C.L.); (L.L.); (N.L.)
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6
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Xiao Y, Xia L, Jiang W, Qin J, Zhao L, Li Z, Huang L, Li K, Yu P, Wei L, Jiang X, Chen Z, Yu X. Cardiopulmonary progenitors facilitate cardiac repair via exosomal transfer of miR-27b-3p targeting the SIK1-CREB1 axis. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13593. [PMID: 38185757 PMCID: PMC11056695 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease, especially myocardial infarction (MI), is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and desperately needs effective treatments, such as cell therapy. Cardiopulmonary progenitors (CPPs) are stem cells for both heart and lung, but their repairing role in damaged heart is still unknown. Here, we obtained CPPs from E9.5 mouse embryos, maintained their stemness while expanding, and identified their characteristics by scRNA-seq, flow cytometry, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and differentiation assays. Moreover, we employed mouse MI model to investigate whether CPPs could repair the injured heart. Our data identified that CPPs exhibit hybrid fibroblastic, endothelial, and mesenchymal state, and they could differentiate into cell lineages within the cardiopulmonary system. Moreover, intramyocardial injection of CPPs improves cardiac function through CPPs exosomes (CPPs-Exo) by promotion of cardiomyocytic proliferation and vascularization. To uncover the underlying mechanism, we used miRNA-seq, bulk RNA-seq, and bioinformatic approaches, and found the highly expressed miR-27b-3p in CPPs-Exo and its target gene Sik1, which can influence the transcriptional activity of CREB1. Therefore, we postulate that CPPs facilitate cardiac repair partially through the SIK1-CREB1 axis via exosomal miR-27b-3p. Our study offers a novel insight into the role of CPPs-Exo in heart repair and highlights the potential of CPPs-Exo as a promising therapeutic strategy for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying‐Ying Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & the First Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Luo‐Xing Xia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & the First Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Wen‐Jing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & the First Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jian‐Feng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & the First Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Li‐Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & the First Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhan Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & the First Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Li‐Juan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & the First Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Ke‐Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & the First Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Peng‐Jiu Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Xue‐Yan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & the First Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhe‐Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Institute for BiotechnologySt. John's UniversityQueensNew YorkUSA
| | - Xi‐Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital & the First Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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7
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Numakura S, Kato M, Uozaki H. Discovery of YS-1 as a cell line of gastric inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:542. [PMID: 38642200 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts (iCAFs) was first identified by co-culture of pancreatic stellate cells and tumor organoids. The key feature of iCAFs is IL-6high/αSMAlow. We examine this phenomenon in gastric cancer using two cell lines of gastric fibroblasts (HGF and YS-1). METHODS AND RESULTS HGF or YS-1 were co-cultured with MKN7 (a gastric adenocarcinoma cell line) in Matrigel. IL-6 protein levels in the culture supernatant were measured by ELISA. The increased production of IL-6 was not observed in any of the combinations. Instead, the supernatant of YS-1 exhibited the higher levels of IL-6. YS-1 showed IL-6high/αSMA (ACTA2)low in real-time PCR, mRNA-seq and immunohistochemistry. In mRNA-seq, iCAFs-associated genes and signaling pathways were up-regulated in YS-1. No transition to myofibroblastic phenotype was observed by monolayer culture, or the exposure to sonic hedgehog (SHH) or TGF-β. YS-1 conditioned medium induced changes of morphology and stem-ness/differentiation in NUGC-3 (a human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line) and UBE6T-15 (a human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell line). CONCLUSIONS YS-1 is a stable cell line of gastric iCAFs. This discovery will promote further research on iCAFs for many researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoe Numakura
- Department of Pathology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Kato
- Department of Pathology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uozaki
- Department of Pathology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
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8
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Liu F, Cao Y, Wang X, Zhang K, Li N, Su Y, Zhang Y, Meng Q. Islr regulates satellite cells asymmetric division through the SPARC/p-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23534. [PMID: 38597911 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302614r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Satellite cells (SCs) are adult muscle stem cells responsible for muscle regeneration after acute and chronic muscle injuries. The balance between stem cell self-renewal and differentiation determines the kinetics and efficiency of skeletal muscle regeneration. This study assessed the function of Islr in SC asymmetric division. The deletion of Islr reduced muscle regeneration in adult mice by decreasing the SC pool. Islr is pivotal for SC proliferation, and its deletion promoted the asymmetric division of SCs. A mechanistic search revealed that Islr bound to and degraded secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), which activated p-ERK1/2 signaling required for asymmetric division. These findings demonstrate that Islr is a key regulator of SC division through the SPARC/p-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. These data provide a basis for treating myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Cao
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiong Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Su
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyong Meng
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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9
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Ando R, Shiraki Y, Miyai Y, Shimizu H, Furuhashi K, Minatoguchi S, Kato K, Kato A, Iida T, Mizutani Y, Ito K, Asai N, Mii S, Esaki N, Takahashi M, Enomoto A. Meflin is a marker of pancreatic stellate cells involved in fibrosis and epithelial regeneration in the pancreas. J Pathol 2024; 262:61-75. [PMID: 37796386 DOI: 10.1002/path.6211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are stromal cells in the pancreas that play an important role in pancreatic pathology. In chronic pancreatitis (CP) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), PSCs are known to get activated to form myofibroblasts or cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) that promote stromal fibroinflammatory reactions. However, previous studies on PSCs were mainly based on the findings obtained using ex vivo expanded PSCs, with few studies that addressed the significance of in situ tissue-resident PSCs using animal models. Their contributions to fibrotic reactions in CP and PDAC are also lesser-known. These limitations in our understanding of PSC biology have been attributed to the lack of specific molecular markers of PSCs. Herein, we established Meflin (Islr), a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane protein, as a PSC-specific marker in both mouse and human by using human pancreatic tissue samples and Meflin reporter mice. Meflin-positive (Meflin+ ) cells contain lipid droplets and express the conventional PSC marker Desmin in normal mouse pancreas, with some cells also positive for Gli1, the marker of pancreatic tissue-resident fibroblasts. Three-dimensional analysis of the cleared pancreas of Meflin reporter mice showed that Meflin+ PSCs have long and thin cytoplasmic protrusions, and are localised on the abluminal side of vessels in the normal pancreas. Lineage tracing experiments revealed that Meflin+ PSCs constitute one of the origins of fibroblasts and CAFs in CP and PDAC, respectively. In these diseases, Meflin+ PSC-derived fibroblasts showed a distinctive morphology and distribution from Meflin+ PSCs in the normal pancreas. Furthermore, we showed that the genetic depletion of Meflin+ PSCs accelerated fibrosis and attenuated epithelial regeneration and stromal R-spondin 3 expression, thereby implying that Meflin+ PSCs and their lineage cells may support tissue recovery and Wnt/R-spondin signalling after pancreatic injury and PDAC development. Together, these data indicate that Meflin may be a marker specific to tissue-resident PSCs and useful for studying their biology in both health and disease. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Ando
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shiraki
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyai
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shimizu
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Furuhashi
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shun Minatoguchi
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Kato
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akira Kato
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tadashi Iida
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Mizutani
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kisuke Ito
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoya Asai
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Shinji Mii
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Esaki
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahide Takahashi
- Division of International Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research, Gifu University Institute for Advanced Study, Gifu, Japan
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10
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Tanaka S, Portilla D, Okusa MD. Role of perivascular cells in kidney homeostasis, inflammation, repair and fibrosis. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023; 19:721-732. [PMID: 37608184 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00752-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Perivascular niches in the kidney comprise heterogeneous cell populations, including pericytes and fibroblasts, with distinct functions. These perivascular cells have crucial roles in preserving kidney homeostasis as they maintain microvascular networks by stabilizing the vasculature and regulating capillary constriction. A subset of kidney perivascular cells can also produce and secrete erythropoietin; this ability can be enhanced with hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors, which are used to treat anaemia in chronic kidney disease. In the pathophysiological state, kidney perivascular cells contribute to the progression of kidney fibrosis, partly via transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts. Moreover, perivascular cells are now recognized as major innate immune sentinels in the kidney that produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines following injury. These mediators promote immune cell infiltration, leading to persistent inflammation and progression of kidney fibrosis. The crosstalk between perivascular cells and tubular epithelial, immune and endothelial cells is therefore a key process in physiological and pathophysiological states. Here, we examine the multiple roles of kidney perivascular cells in health and disease, focusing on the latest advances in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Didier Portilla
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Mark D Okusa
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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11
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Zhang Y, Lan M, Liu C, Wang T, Liu C, Wu S, Meng Q. Islr regulates insulin sensitivity by interacting with Psma4 to control insulin receptor alpha levels in obese mice. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 159:106420. [PMID: 37116777 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is the leading cause of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and dysfunctional insulin receptor signaling is a major manifestation of this insulin resistance. In T2D, the corresponding insulin receptor levels are aberrantly down-regulated, which is one of the major factors underlying obesity-induced insulin resistance in adipose tissue. However, the precise mechanism of insulin receptor impairment in obese individuals remains unclear. In the current study, we established that immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine-rich repeat (Islr) is highly expressed in adipocytes of mice fed a high-fat diet. We further demonstrated that Islr mediates the ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation of insulin receptor alpha (Insrα) by specifically interacting with proteasome subunit alpha type 4 (Psma4). Islr knockout increased the corresponding Insrα subunit levels and enhanced insulin sensitivity in adipocytes, ultimately improving systemic metabolism. Further, siRNA-mediated down-regulation of Islr expression in the white adipose tissue of obese mice increased insulin sensitivity. Overall, Islr regulates insulin sensitivity by interacting with Psma4 to control the ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation of Insrα in obese mice, indicating that Islr may be a potential therapeutic target for ameliorating insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratories of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Miaomiao Lan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratories of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratories of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tongtong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratories of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chuncheng Liu
- State Key Laboratories of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China; The Institute of Bioengineering and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
| | - Sen Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratories of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingyong Meng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratories of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China.
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12
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Zhao Z, Li T, Yuan Y, Zhu Y. What is new in cancer-associated fibroblast biomarkers? Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:96. [PMID: 37143134 PMCID: PMC10158035 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is one of the important drivers of tumor development. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major component of the tumor stroma and actively participate in tumor development, invasion, metastasis, drug resistance, and other biological behaviors. CAFs are a highly heterogeneous group of cells, a reflection of the diversity of their origin, biomarkers, and functions. The diversity of CAF origin determines the complexity of CAF biomarkers, and CAF subpopulations expressing different biomarkers may play contrasting roles in tumor progression. In this review, we provide an overview of these emerging CAF biomarkers and the biological functions that they suggest, which may give a better understanding of the relationship between CAFs and tumor cells and be of great significance for breakthroughs in precision targeted therapy for tumors. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), No. 44 of Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042, China
| | - Tianming Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), No. 44 of Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 of Nanjing Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Yanmei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), No. 44 of Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042, China.
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Brichkina A, Polo P, Sharma SD, Visestamkul N, Lauth M. A Quick Guide to CAF Subtypes in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092614. [PMID: 37174079 PMCID: PMC10177377 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer represents one of the most desmoplastic malignancies and is characterized by an extensive deposition of extracellular matrix. The latter is provided by activated cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which are abundant cells in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment. Many recent studies have made it clear that CAFs are not a singular cellular entity but represent a multitude of potentially dynamic subgroups that affect tumor biology at several levels. As mentioned before, CAFs significantly contribute to the fibrotic reaction and the biomechanical properties of the tumor, but they can also modulate the local immune environment and the response to targeted, chemo or radiotherapy. As the number of known and emerging CAF subgroups is steadily increasing, it is becoming increasingly difficult to keep up with these developments and to clearly discriminate the cellular subsets identified so far. This review aims to provide a helpful overview that enables readers to quickly familiarize themselves with field of CAF heterogeneity and to grasp the phenotypic, functional and therapeutic distinctions of the various stromal subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Brichkina
- Center for Tumor and Immune Biology, Clinics for Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Pierfrancesco Polo
- Center for Tumor and Immune Biology, Clinics for Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Shrey Dharamvir Sharma
- Center for Tumor and Immune Biology, Clinics for Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Nico Visestamkul
- Center for Tumor and Immune Biology, Clinics for Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Lauth
- Center for Tumor and Immune Biology, Clinics for Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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14
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Burns JS, Kassem M. Identifying Biomarkers for Osteogenic Potency Assay Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1420:39-58. [PMID: 37258783 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-30040-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
There has been extensive exploration of how cells may serve as advanced therapy medicinal products to treat skeletal pathologies. Osteoblast progenitors responsible for production of extracellular matrix that is subsequently mineralized during bone formation have been characterised as a rare bone marrow subpopulation of cell culture plastic adherent cells. Conveniently, they proliferate to form single-cell derived colonies of fibroblastoid cells, termed colony forming unit fibroblasts that can subsequently differentiate to aggregates resembling small areas of cartilage or bone. However, donor heterogeneity and loss of osteogenic differentiation capacity during extended cell culture have made the discovery of reliable potency assay biomarkers difficult. Nonetheless, functional osteoblast models derived from telomerised human bone marrow stromal cells have allowed extensive comparative analysis of gene expression, microRNA, morphological phenotypes and secreted proteins. This chapter highlights numerous insights into the molecular mechanisms underpinning osteogenic differentiation of multipotent stromal cells and bone formation, discussing aspects involved in the choice of useful biomarkers for functional attributes that can be quantitively measured in osteogenic potency assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge S Burns
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- University Hospital of Odense, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Danish Stem Cell Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Diversity Shapes Tumor Metabolism in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010061. [PMID: 36612058 PMCID: PMC9817728 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research, the 5-year survival rate of pancreatic cancer (PDAC) patients remains at only 9%. Patients often show poor treatment response, due partly to a highly complex tumor microenvironment (TME). Cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) heterogeneity is characteristic of the pancreatic TME, where several CAF subpopulations have been identified, such as myofibroblastic CAFs (myCAFs), inflammatory CAFs (iCAFs), and antigen presenting CAFs (apCAFs). In PDAC, cancer cells continuously adapt their metabolism (metabolic switch) to environmental changes in pH, oxygenation, and nutrient availability. Recent advances show that these environmental alterations are all heavily driven by stromal CAFs. CAFs and cancer cells exchange cytokines and metabolites, engaging in a tight bidirectional crosstalk, which promotes tumor aggressiveness and allows constant adaptation to external stress, such as chemotherapy. In this review, we summarize CAF diversity and CAF-mediated metabolic rewiring, in a PDAC-specific context. First, we recapitulate the most recently identified CAF subtypes, focusing on the cell of origin, activation mechanism, species-dependent markers, and functions. Next, we describe in detail the metabolic crosstalk between CAFs and tumor cells. Additionally, we elucidate how CAF-driven paracrine signaling, desmoplasia, and acidosis orchestrate cancer cell metabolism. Finally, we highlight how the CAF/cancer cell crosstalk could pave the way for new therapeutic strategies.
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16
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Espinet E, Klein L, Puré E, Singh SK. Mechanisms of PDAC subtype heterogeneity and therapy response. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:1060-1071. [PMID: 36117109 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is clinically challenging due to late diagnosis and resistance to therapy. Two major PDAC subtypes have been defined based on malignant epithelial cell gene expression profiles; the basal-like/squamous subtype is associated with a worse prognosis and therapeutic resistance as opposed to the classical subtype. Subtype specification is not binary, consistent with plasticity of malignant cell phenotype. PDAC heterogeneity and plasticity reflect partly malignant cell-intrinsic transcriptional and epigenetic regulation. However, the stromal and immune compartments of the tumor microenvironment (TME) also determine disease progression and therapy response. It is evident that integration of intrinsic and extrinsic factors can dictate subtype heterogeneity, and thus, delineating the pathways involved can help to reprogram PDAC towards a classical/druggable subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Espinet
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapy, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology Program (Oncobell), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lukas Klein
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ellen Puré
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shiv K Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit 5002, KFO5002, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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Li L, Yang L, Chen X, Chen X, Diao L, Zeng Y, Xu J. TNFAIP6 defines the MSC subpopulation with enhanced immune suppression activities. STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY 2022; 13:479. [PMID: 36153571 PMCID: PMC9509641 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03176-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been intensively investigated in both pre-clinical and clinical studies. However, the therapeutic efficacy varies resulting from the heterogenicity of MSCs. Therefore, purifying the specific MSC subpopulation with specialized function is necessary for their therapeutic applications. Methods The large-scale RNA sequencing analysis was performed to identify potential cell markers for the mouse MSCs. Then, the immune suppression activities of the purified MSC subpopulation were assessed in vitro and in vivo.
Results The TNFAIP6 (tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 6) has been identified as a potential cell marker for mouse MSCs, irrespective of tissue origin and laboratory origin. The TNFAIP6+ mouse MSCs showed enhanced immune suppression activities and improved therapeutic effects on the mouse model of acute inflammation, resulting from faster response to immune stimulation. Conclusions Therefore, we have demonstrated that the TNFAIP6+ MSC subpopulation has enhanced immune suppression capabilities. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03176-5.
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18
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Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: tumor microenvironment and problems in the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Clin Exp Med 2022:10.1007/s10238-022-00886-1. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00886-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Heterogeneity of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and the Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163994. [PMID: 36010986 PMCID: PMC9406547 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Stroma-targeting therapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has been extensively investigated, but no candidates have shown efficacy at the clinical trial stage. Studies of cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) depletion in a mouse model suggested that CAFs have not only tumor-promoting function but also tumor-suppressive activity. Recently, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has revealed the complex tumor microenvironment within PDAC, and subpopulations of functionally distinct CAFs and their association with tumor immunity have been reported. However, the existence of tumor suppressive CAFs and CAFs involved in the maintenance of PDAC differentiation has also been reported. In the future, therapeutic strategies should be developed considering these CAF subpopulations, with the hope of improving the prognosis of PDAC. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers, with a 5-year survival rate of 9%. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have historically been considered tumor-promoting. However, multiple studies reporting that suppression of CAFs in PDAC mouse models resulted in more aggressive tumors and worse prognosis have suggested the existence of a tumor-suppressive population within CAFs, leading to further research on heterogeneity within CAFs. In recent years, the benefits of cancer immunotherapy have been reported in various carcinomas. Unfortunately, the efficacy of immunotherapies in PDAC has been limited, and the CAF-driven cancer immunosuppressive microenvironment has been suggested as the cause. Thus, clarification of heterogeneity within the tumor microenvironment, including CAFs and tumor immunity, is urgently needed to establish effective therapeutic strategies for PDAC. In this review, we report the latest findings on the heterogeneity of CAFs and the functions of each major CAF subtype, which have been revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing in recent years. We also describe reports of tumor-suppressive CAF subtypes and the existence of CAFs that maintain a differentiated PDAC phenotype and review the potential for targeted therapy.
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Shiraki Y, Mii S, Esaki N, Enomoto A. Possible disease-protective roles of fibroblasts in cancer and fibrosis and their therapeutic application. NAGOYA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2022; 84:484-496. [PMID: 36237894 PMCID: PMC9529631 DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.84.3.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer and fibrotic diseases are characterized by continuous inflammation, tissue wounds, and injuries. Cancer is a "wound that does not heal," and the uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells disrupts normal tissue integrity and induces stromal fibroinflammatory reactions. Fibroblasts proliferate extensively in the stroma, playing a major role in the development of these diseases. There has been considerable evidence that fibroblasts contribute to fibrosis and tissue stiffening and promote disease progression via multiple mechanisms. However, recent emerging findings, mainly derived from single-cell transcriptomic analysis, indicated that fibroblasts are functionally heterogeneous, leading to the hypothesis that both disease-promoting and -restraining fibroblasts exist. We recently showed that a fibroblast population, defined by the expression of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane protein Meflin may suppress but not promote fibrotic response and disease progression in cancer and fibrotic diseases. Although currently hypothetical, the primary function of Meflin-positive fibroblasts may be tissue repair after injury and cancer initiation occurred. This observation has led to the proposal of a potential therapy that converts the phenotype of fibroblasts from pro-tumor to anti-tumor. In this short review, we summarize our recent findings on the function of Meflin in the context of cancer and fibrotic diseases and discuss how we can utilize this knowledge on fibroblasts in translational medicine. We also discuss several aspects of the interpretation of survival analysis data, such as Kaplan-Meier analysis, to address the function of specific genes expressed in fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Shiraki
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinji Mii
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Esaki
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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21
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Ando R, Sakai A, Iida T, Kataoka K, Mizutani Y, Enomoto A. Good and Bad Stroma in Pancreatic Cancer: Relevance of Functional States of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143315. [PMID: 35884375 PMCID: PMC9317763 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recent progress in research on the biology of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) indicates their diverse states and plasticity, which may lead to good and bad stroma, suppressing and promoting cancer progression, respectively. The characteristics of the stroma differ spatially, even within the same tumors, based on the balance between cancer-restraining CAF and cancer-promoting CAF proliferation at the site. These heterogeneous CAFs also influence the sensitivity of PDAC to anticancer therapeutics. Further preclinical and clinical studies will advance our understanding of the roles of CAFs in disease progression and aid the development of therapeutics that modulate or ameliorate the tumor microenvironment in PDAC. Abstract A well-known feature of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the extensive proliferation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and highly fibrotic stroma. Recent evidence, based mainly on single-cell analyses, has identified various subsets of CAFs in PDAC mouse models. However, we do not know how these CAF subsets are involved in the progression and drug resistance of human PDAC. Additionally, it remains unclear whether these diverse CAFs have distinct origins and are indicators of genuinely distinct CAF lineages or reflect different states of the same CAFs depending on the tumor microenvironment. Interestingly, recent preclinical studies have started to characterize the nature of cancer-restraining CAFs and have identified their markers Meflin and collagen type I alpha 1. These studies have led to the development of strategies to induce changes in CAF phenotypes using chemical reagents or recombinant viruses, and some of them have been tested in clinical studies. These strategies have the unique potential to convert the so-called bad stroma to good stroma and may also have therapeutic implications for non-cancer diseases such as fibrotic diseases. Together with recently developed sophisticated strategies that specifically target distinct CAF subsets via adoptive cell transfer therapy, vaccination, and antibody–drug conjugates, any future findings arising from these clinical efforts may expand our understanding of the significance of CAF diversity in human PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Ando
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (R.A.); (A.S.); (T.I.); (K.K.); (Y.M.)
| | - Akihiro Sakai
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (R.A.); (A.S.); (T.I.); (K.K.); (Y.M.)
| | - Tadashi Iida
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (R.A.); (A.S.); (T.I.); (K.K.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kunio Kataoka
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (R.A.); (A.S.); (T.I.); (K.K.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Mizutani
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (R.A.); (A.S.); (T.I.); (K.K.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (R.A.); (A.S.); (T.I.); (K.K.); (Y.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-52-744-2093
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22
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Suzuki A, Sakamoto K, Nakahara Y, Enomoto A, Hino J, Ando A, Inoue M, Shiraki Y, Omote N, Kusaka M, Fukihara J, Hashimoto N. BMP3b is a Novel Anti-Fibrotic Molecule Regulated by Meflin in Lung Fibroblasts. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:446-458. [PMID: 35728045 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0484oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts play a central role in the lung fibrotic process. Our recent study identified a novel subpopulation of lung fibroblasts expressing meflin, anti-fibrotic properties of which were confirmed by murine lung fibrosis model. Meflin expressing fibroblasts were resistant to fibrogenesis induced by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), but its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, evaluation of a silica-nanoparticles-induced lung fibrosis model confirmed the antifibrotic effect of meflin via the regulation of TGF-β signaling. We conducted comparative gene expression profiling in lung fibroblasts, which identified growth differentiation factor 10 (Gdf10) encoding bone morphogenic protein 3b (BMP3b) as the most down-regulated gene in meflin-deficient cells under the profibrotic condition with TGF-β. We hypothesized that BMP3b can be an effector molecule playing an anti-fibrotic role downstream of meflin. As suggested by single-cell transcriptomic data, restricted expressions of Gdf10 (Bmp3b) in stromal cells including fibroblasts were confirmed. We examined possible anti-fibrotic properties of BMP3b in lung fibroblasts and demonstrated that Bmp3b-null fibroblasts were more susceptible to TGF-β-induced fibrogenic changes. Furthermore, Bmp3b-null mice exhibited exaggerated lung fibrosis induced by silica-nanoparticles in vivo. We also demonstrated that treatment with recombinant BMP3B was effective against TGF-β-induced fibrogenesis in fibroblasts, especially in the suppression of excessive extracellular matrix production. These lines of evidence suggested that BMP3b is a novel humoral effector molecule regulated by meflin which exerts anti-fibrotic properties in lung fibroblasts. Supplementation of BMP3B could be a novel therapeutic strategy for fibrotic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Suzuki
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Sakamoto
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya, Japan;
| | - Yoshio Nakahara
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, 36589, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun Hino
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Akira Ando
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahide Inoue
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, 36589, Department of Respiratory medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shiraki
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, 36589, Department of Pathology, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norihito Omote
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, 36589, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kusaka
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun Fukihara
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naozumi Hashimoto
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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23
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Iida T, Mizutani Y, Esaki N, Ponik SM, Burkel BM, Weng L, Kuwata K, Masamune A, Ishihara S, Haga H, Kataoka K, Mii S, Shiraki Y, Ishikawa T, Ohno E, Kawashima H, Hirooka Y, Fujishiro M, Takahashi M, Enomoto A. Pharmacologic conversion of cancer-associated fibroblasts from a protumor phenotype to an antitumor phenotype improves the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer to chemotherapeutics. Oncogene 2022; 41:2764-2777. [PMID: 35414659 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02288-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous therapeutic attempts to deplete cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) or inhibit their proliferation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) were not successful in mice or patients. Thus, CAFs may be tumor suppressive or heterogeneous, with distinct cancer-restraining and -promoting CAFs (rCAFs and pCAFs, respectively). Here, we showed that induced expression of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein Meflin, a rCAF-specific marker, in CAFs by genetic and pharmacological approaches improved the chemosensitivity of mouse PDAC. A chemical library screen identified Am80, a synthetic, nonnatural retinoid, as a reagent that effectively induced Meflin expression in CAFs. Am80 administration improved the sensitivity of PDAC to chemotherapeutics, accompanied by increases in tumor vessel area and intratumoral drug delivery. Mechanistically, Meflin was involved in the suppression of tissue stiffening by interacting with lysyl oxidase to inhibit its collagen crosslinking activity. These data suggested that modulation of CAF heterogeneity may represent a strategy for PDAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Iida
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Mizutani
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Esaki
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Suzanne M Ponik
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brian M Burkel
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Liang Weng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Keiko Kuwata
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Hisashi Haga
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kunio Kataoka
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinji Mii
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shiraki
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takuya Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eizaburo Ohno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawashima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Endoscopy, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Hirooka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahide Takahashi
- International Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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24
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A novel renal perivascular mesenchymal cell subset gives rise to fibroblasts distinct from classic myofibroblasts. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5389. [PMID: 35354870 PMCID: PMC8967907 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09331-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular mesenchymal cells (PMCs), which include pericytes, give rise to myofibroblasts that contribute to chronic kidney disease progression. Several PMC markers have been identified; however, PMC heterogeneity and functions are not fully understood. Here, we describe a novel subset of renal PMCs that express Meflin, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein that was recently identified as a marker of fibroblasts essential for cardiac tissue repair. Tracing the lineage of Meflin+ PMCs, which are found in perivascular and periglomerular areas and exhibit renin-producing potential, showed that they detach from the vasculature and proliferate under disease conditions. Although the contribution of Meflin+ PMCs to conventional α-SMA+ myofibroblasts is low, they give rise to fibroblasts with heterogeneous α-SMA expression patterns. Genetic ablation of Meflin+ PMCs in a renal fibrosis mouse model revealed their essential role in collagen production. Consistent with this, human biopsy samples showed that progressive renal diseases exhibit high Meflin expression. Furthermore, Meflin overexpression in kidney fibroblasts promoted bone morphogenetic protein 7 signals and suppressed myofibroblastic differentiation, implicating the roles of Meflin in suppressing tissue fibrosis. These findings demonstrate that Meflin marks a PMC subset that is functionally distinct from classic pericytes and myofibroblasts, highlighting the importance of elucidating PMC heterogeneity.
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25
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Miyai Y, Sugiyama D, Hase T, Asai N, Taki T, Nishida K, Fukui T, Chen-Yoshikawa TF, Kobayashi H, Mii S, Shiraki Y, Hasegawa Y, Nishikawa H, Ando Y, Takahashi M, Enomoto A. Meflin-positive cancer-associated fibroblasts enhance tumor response to immune checkpoint blockade. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/6/e202101230. [PMID: 35236758 PMCID: PMC8897596 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Meflin/ISLR is the marker of a cancer-associated fibroblast subset that enhances tumor response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are an integral component of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Most CAFs shape the TME toward an immunosuppressive milieu and attenuate the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. However, the detailed mechanism of how heterogeneous CAFs regulate tumor response to ICB therapy has not been defined. Here, we show that a recently defined CAF subset characterized by the expression of Meflin, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein marker of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells, is associated with survival and favorable therapeutic response to ICB monotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The prevalence of Meflin-positive CAFs was positively correlated with CD4-positive T-cell infiltration and vascularization within non-small cell lung cancer tumors. Meflin deficiency and CAF-specific Meflin overexpression resulted in defective and enhanced ICB therapy responses in syngeneic tumors in mice, respectively. These findings suggest the presence of a CAF subset that promotes ICB therapy efficacy, which adds to our understanding of CAF functions and heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Miyai
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sugiyama
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Hase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoya Asai
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Taki
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nishida
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takayuki Fukui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Hiroki Kobayashi
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinji Mii
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shiraki
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hasegawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Nishikawa
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ando
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
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26
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Mizutani Y, Iida T, Ohno E, Ishikawa T, Kinoshita F, Kuwatsuka Y, Imai M, Shimizu S, Tsuruta T, Enomoto A, Kawashima H, Fujishiro M. Safety and efficacy of MIKE-1 in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer: a study protocol for an open-label phase I/II investigator-initiated clinical trial based on a drug repositioning approach that reprograms the tumour stroma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:205. [PMID: 35209871 PMCID: PMC8867831 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09272-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are an important component of the tumour microenvironment. Recent studies revealed CAFs are heterogeneous and CAF subset(s) that suppress cancer progression (cancer-restraining CAFs [rCAFs]) must exist in addition to well-characterised cancer-promoting CAFs (pCAFs). However, the identity and specific markers of rCAFs are not yet reported. We recently identified Meflin as a specific marker of rCAFs in pancreatic and colon cancers. Our studies revealed that rCAFs may represent proliferating resident fibroblasts. Interestingly, a lineage tracing experiment showed Meflin-positive rCAFs differentiate into α-smooth muscle actin-positive and Meflin-negative CAFs, which are generally hypothesised as pCAFs, during cancer progression. Using a pharmacological approach, we identified AM80, a synthetic unnatural retinoid, as a reagent that effectively converts Meflin-negative pCAFs to Meflin-positive rCAFs. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of a combination of AM80 and gemcitabine (GEM) and nab-paclitaxel (nab-PTX) in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Methods The phase I part is a 3 + 3 design, open-label, and dose-finding study. The dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) of these combination therapies would be evaluated for 4 weeks. After the DLT evaluation period, if no disease progression is noted based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 or if the patient has no intolerable toxicity, administration of AM80 with GEM and nab-PTX would be continued for up to 24 weeks. The phase II part is an open-label, single-arm study. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of AM80 with GEM and nab-PTX, determined in phase I, would be administered until intolerable toxicity or disease progression occurs, up to a maximum of 24 weeks, to confirm efficacy and safety. The primary endpoints are frequency of DLT and MTD of AM80 with GEM and nab-PTX in the phase I part and response rate based on the RECIST in the phase II part. Given the historical control data, we hope that the response rate will be over 23% in phase II. Discussion Strategies to convert pCAFs into rCAFs have been developed in recent years. We hypothesised that AM80 would be a promising enhancer of chemosensitivity and drug distribution through CAF conversion in the stroma. Trial registration Clinicaltrial.gov: NCT05064618, registered on 1 October 2021. jRCT: jRCT2041210056, registered on 27 August 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Mizutani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tadashi Iida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eizaburo Ohno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takuya Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumie Kinoshita
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yachiyo Kuwatsuka
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Miwa Imai
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinobu Shimizu
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Tsuruta
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawashima
- Department of Endoscopy, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Matrix Stiffness Contributes to Cancer Progression by Regulating Transcription Factors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14041049. [PMID: 35205794 PMCID: PMC8870363 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Matrix stiffness is recognized as a critical factor in cancer progression. Recent studies have shown that matrix stiffening is caused by the accumulation, contraction, and crosslinking of the extracellular matrix by cancer and stromal cells. Cancer and stromal cells respond to matrix stiffness, which determines the phenotypes of these cells. In addition, matrix stiffness activates and/or inactivates specific transcription factors in cancer and stromal cells to regulate cancer progression. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of cancer stiffening and progression that are regulated by transcription factors responding to matrix stiffness. Abstract Matrix stiffness is critical for the progression of various types of cancers. In solid cancers such as mammary and pancreatic cancers, tumors often contain abnormally stiff tissues, mainly caused by stiff extracellular matrices due to accumulation, contraction, and crosslinking. Stiff extracellular matrices trigger mechanotransduction, the conversion of mechanical cues such as stiffness of the matrix to biochemical signaling in the cells, and as a result determine the cellular phenotypes of cancer and stromal cells in tumors. Transcription factors are key molecules for these processes, as they respond to matrix stiffness and are crucial for cellular behaviors. The Yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) is one of the most studied transcription factors that is regulated by matrix stiffness. The YAP/TAZ are activated by a stiff matrix and promotes malignant phenotypes in cancer and stromal cells, including cancer-associated fibroblasts. In addition, other transcription factors such as β-catenin and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) also play key roles in mechanotransduction in cancer tissues. In this review, the mechanisms of stiffening cancer tissues are introduced, and the transcription factors regulated by matrix stiffness in cancer and stromal cells and their roles in cancer progression are shown.
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28
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Gonzalez H, Mei W, Robles I, Hagerling C, Allen BM, Hauge Okholm TL, Nanjaraj A, Verbeek T, Kalavacherla S, van Gogh M, Georgiou S, Daras M, Phillips JJ, Spitzer MH, Roose JP, Werb Z. Cellular architecture of human brain metastases. Cell 2022; 185:729-745.e20. [PMID: 35063085 PMCID: PMC8857062 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastasis (BrM) is the most common form of brain cancer, characterized by neurologic disability and an abysmal prognosis. Unfortunately, our understanding of the biology underlying human BrMs remains rudimentary. Here, we present an integrative analysis of >100,000 malignant and non-malignant cells from 15 human parenchymal BrMs, generated by single-cell transcriptomics, mass cytometry, and complemented with mouse model- and in silico approaches. We interrogated the composition of BrM niches, molecularly defined the blood-tumor interface, and revealed stromal immunosuppressive states enriched with infiltrated T cells and macrophages. Specific single-cell interrogation of metastatic tumor cells provides a framework of 8 functional cell programs that coexist or anticorrelate. Collectively, these programs delineate two functional BrM archetypes, one proliferative and the other inflammatory, that are evidently shaped through tumor-immune interactions. Our resource provides a foundation to understand the molecular basis of BrM in patients with tumor cell-intrinsic and host environmental traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Gonzalez
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA.
| | - Wenbin Mei
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA
| | - Isabella Robles
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA
| | - Catharina Hagerling
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, SE 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Breanna M Allen
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Microbiology & Immunology, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Trine Line Hauge Okholm
- Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Microbiology & Immunology, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ankitha Nanjaraj
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA
| | - Tamara Verbeek
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA
| | - Sandhya Kalavacherla
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA
| | - Merel van Gogh
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA
| | - Stephen Georgiou
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA
| | - Mariza Daras
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 1450 3rd Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 1450 3rd Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Matthew H Spitzer
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Microbiology & Immunology, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jeroen P Roose
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA.
| | - Zena Werb
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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29
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Yang L, He YT, Dong S, Wei XW, Chen ZH, Zhang B, Chen WD, Yang XR, Wang F, Shang XM, Zhong WZ, Wu YL, Zhou Q. Single-cell transcriptome analysis revealed a suppressive tumor immune microenvironment in EGFR mutant lung adenocarcinoma. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003534. [PMID: 35140113 PMCID: PMC8830346 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Immunotherapy is less effective in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lower programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and tumor mutation burden (TMB) are reported to be the underlying mechanism. Being another important factor to affect the efficacy of immunotherapy, tumor microenvironment (TME) characteristics of this subgroup of NSCLC are not comprehensively understood up to date. Hence, we initiated this study to describe the specific TME of EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) from cellular compositional and functional perspectives to better understand the immune landscape of this most common subtype of NSCLC. Methods We used single-cell transcriptome sequencing and multiplex immunohistochemistry to investigate the immune microenvironment of EGFR-mutant and EGFR wild-type LUADs and determined the efficacy of immunotherapy. We analyzed single cells from nine treatment-naïve samples and compared them to three post-immunotherapy samples previously reported from single cell perspective using bioinformatics methods. Results We found that EGFR-mutant malignant epithelial cells had similar characteristics to the epithelial cells in non-responders. EGFR-mutant LUAD lacked CD8+ tissue-resident memory (TRM) cells, which could promote tertiary lymphoid structure generation by secreting CXCL13. In addition, other cell types, including tumor-associated macrophages and cancer-associated fibroblasts, which are capable of recruiting, retaining, and expanding CD8+ TRM cells in the TME, were also deficient in EGFR-mutant LUAD. Furthermore, EGFR-mutant LUAD had significantly less crosstalk between T cells and other cell types via programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and PD-L1 or other immune checkpoints compared with EGFR wild-type LUAD. Conclusions Our findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the immune landscape of EGFR-mutant LUAD at the single-cell level. Based on the results, many cellular components might have negative impact on the specific TME of EGFR-mutant LUAD through influencing CD8+ TRM. Lack of CD8+ TRM might be a key factor responsible for the suppressive TME of EGFR-mutant LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Ting He
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Dong
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Wu Wei
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Chen
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Novel Bioinformatics Co, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xiao-Rong Yang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Wen-Zhao Zhong
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China .,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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30
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Ichihara R, Shiraki Y, Mizutani Y, Iida T, Miyai Y, Esaki N, Kato A, Mii S, Ando R, Hayashi M, Takami H, Fujii T, Takahashi M, Enomoto A. Matrix remodeling-associated protein 8 is a marker of a subset of cancer-associated fibroblasts in pancreatic cancer. Pathol Int 2022; 72:161-175. [PMID: 35020975 PMCID: PMC9305816 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a compartment of the tumor microenvironment, were previously thought to be a uniform cell population that promotes cancer progression. However, recent studies have shown that CAFs are heterogeneous and that there are at least two types of CAFs, that is, cancer‐promoting and ‐restraining CAFs. We previously identified Meflin as a candidate marker of cancer‐restraining CAFs (rCAFs) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The precise nature of rCAFs, however, has remained elusive owing to a lack of understanding of their comprehensive gene signatures. Here, we screened genes whose expression correlated with Meflin in single‐cell transcriptomic analyses of human cancers. Among the identified genes, we identified matrix remodeling‐associated protein 8 (MXRA8), which encodes a type I transmembrane protein with unknown molecular function. Analysis of MXRA8 expression in human PDAC samples showed that MXRA8 was differentially co‐expressed with other CAF markers. Moreover, in patients with PDAC or syngeneic tumors developed in MXRA8‐knockout mice, MXRA8 expression did not affect the roles of CAFs in cancer progression, and the biological importance of MXRA8+ CAFs is still unclear. Overall, we identified MXRA8 as a new CAF marker; further studies are needed to determine the relevance of this marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Ichihara
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shiraki
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Mizutani
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tadashi Iida
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyai
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Esaki
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akira Kato
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinji Mii
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryota Ando
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masamichi Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Takami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masahide Takahashi
- International Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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31
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Kuznetsova AV, Popova OP, Astakhov DA, Ivanov YV, Panchenkov DN, Ivanov AA. [Epithelial-stromal interactions in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: the role of stroma in disease progression]. Arkh Patol 2022; 84:65-70. [PMID: 36178225 DOI: 10.17116/patol20228405165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common and difficult to treat form of pancreas cancer. PDAC and other solid cancers contain both tumor cells and normal connective tissue cells called stromal cells, which are responsible for the excess production of extracellular matrix. It is known that in more than 90% of PDAC tumors and in many other types of cancer, mutations of the KRAS gene are observed, the reciprocal signaling of which has been shown between tumor and stromal cells in vitro. Pancreatic stromal stellate cells are considered precursors of activated or tumor-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which are an increasing population of cells that proliferate in situ or are recruited into the tumor. CAFs are a heterogeneous population of stromal fibroblasts with different molecular profiles that change during tumorigenesis. Both immunosuppressive and immunosuppressive subsets of CAFs can coexist in the stroma of a single tumor. Based on the heterogeneity of the intertumor stroma, attempts are being made to classify PDAC and predict the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Kuznetsova
- A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - O P Popova
- A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - D A Astakhov
- A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Y V Ivanov
- A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - D N Panchenkov
- A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Ivanov
- A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
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32
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de Miranda MC, Melo MIAD, Cunha PDS, Gentilini J, Faria JAQA, Rodrigues MA, Gomes DA. Roles of mesenchymal stromal cells in the head and neck cancer microenvironment. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112269. [PMID: 34794230 PMCID: PMC8630686 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC), a common malignancy worldwide, is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common HNC type, followed by salivary gland carcinomas, head and neck sarcomas, and lymphomas. The microenvironment of HNCs comprises various cells that regulate tumor development. Recent studies have reported that the tumor microenvironment, which modulates cancer progression, regulates cancer treatment response. However, the presence of different types of stromal cells in cancers is a major challenge to elucidate the role of individual cells in tumor progression. The role of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which are a component of the tumor microenvironment, in HNC is unclear. The major impediment for characterizing the role of MSCs in cancer progression is the lack of MSC-specific markers and their phenotypic similarity with stromal cells. This review aimed to summarize the latest findings on the role of MSCs in the progression of HNC to improve our understanding of HNC pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Coutinho de Miranda
- Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Mariane Izabella Abreu de Melo
- Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pricila da Silva Cunha
- Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jovino Gentilini
- Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Michele Angela Rodrigues
- Department of General Pathology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Dawidson Assis Gomes
- Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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33
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Ippolito A, Deshpande VS. Contact guidance via heterogeneity of substrate elasticity. Acta Biomater 2021; 163:158-169. [PMID: 34808415 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Contact guidance, the widely-known phenomenon of cell alignment, is an essential step in the organization of adherent cells. This guidance is known to occur by, amongst other things, anisotropic features in the environment including elastic heterogeneity. To understand the origins of this guidance we employed a novel statistical thermodynamics framework, which recognises the non-thermal fluctuations in the cellular response, for modelling the response of the cells seeded on substrates with alternating soft and stiff stripes. Consistent with observations, the modelling framework predicts the existence of three regimes of cell guidance: (i) in regime I for stripe widths much larger than the cell size guidance is primarily entropic; (ii) for stripe widths on the order of the cell size in regime II guidance is biochemically mediated and accompanied by changes to the cell morphology while (iii) in regime III for stripe widths much less than the cell size there is no guidance as cells cannot sense the substrate heterogeneity. Guidance in regimes I and II is due to "molli-avoidance" with cells primarily residing on the stiff stripes. While the molli-avoidance tendency is not lost with decreasing density of collagen coating the substrate, the reduced focal adhesion formation with decreasing collagen density tends to inhibit contact guidance. Our results provide clear physical insights into the interplay between cell mechano-sensitivity and substrate elastic heterogeneity that ultimately leads to the contact guidance of cells in heterogeneous tissues. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Cellular morphology and organization play a crucial role in the micro-architecture of tissues and dictates their biological and mechanical functioning. Despite the importance of cellular organization in all facets of tissue biology, the fundamental question of how a cell organizes itself in an anisotropic environment is still poorly understood. We employ a novel statistical thermodynamics framework which recognises the non-thermal fluctuations in the cellular response to investigate cell guidance on substrates with alternating soft and stiff stripes. The propensity of cells to primarily reside on stiff stripes results in strong guidance when the period of the stripes is larger than the cell size. For smaller stripe periods, cells sense a homogeneous substrate and guidance is lost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ippolito
- Department of Engineering, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK
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34
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Takahashi M, Kobayashi H, Mizutani Y, Hara A, Iida T, Miyai Y, Asai N, Enomoto A. Roles of the Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell Marker Meflin/Islr in Cancer Fibrosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:749924. [PMID: 34676218 PMCID: PMC8523999 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.749924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts synthesise the extracellular matrix (ECM) such as collagen and elastin, the excessive accumulation of which can lead to fibrosis and organ dysfunction under pathological conditions. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are major constituents of the tumour microenvironment (TME) that accompany the desmoplastic reaction responsible for anti-cancer treatment resistance. Thus, it is important to dissect the roles of CAFs in the TME to develop new therapeutic strategies for refractory cancers. Recent progress in the studies of CAF biology suggests that the functions of CAFs are complicated and that they are composed of functionally distinct populations, including cancer-promoting CAFs (pCAFs) and cancer-restraining CAFs (rCAFs). We recently identified a new cell surface marker for rCAFs in pancreatic and colon cancers, designated as Meflin (mesenchymal stromal cell- and fibroblast-expressing Linx paralogue)/Islr (immunoglobulin super family containing leucine-rich repeat). Based on the distribution of Meflin/Islr-positive cells, we also considered it a specific candidate marker for mesenchymal stroma/stem cells. Meflin/Islr-positive CAFs have been shown to suppress cancer progression by being involved in regulating collagen structures and BMP signalling in the TME. This review describes the function of Meflin/Islr in cancer fibrosis as well as in cardiac and lung fibrosis and its potential in the development of new cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahide Takahashi
- International Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kobayashi
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Mizutani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Hara
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tadashi Iida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyai
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoya Asai
- Department of Pathology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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35
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Manoukian P, Bijlsma M, van Laarhoven H. The Cellular Origins of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Their Opposing Contributions to Pancreatic Cancer Growth. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:743907. [PMID: 34646829 PMCID: PMC8502878 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.743907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic tumors are known to harbor an abundant and highly desmoplastic stroma. Among the various cell types that reside within tumor stroma, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have gained a lot of attention in the cancer field due to their contributions to carcinogenesis and tumor architecture. These cells are not a homogeneous population, but have been shown to have different origins, phenotypes, and contributions. In pancreatic tumors, CAFs generally emerge through the activation and/or recruitment of various cell types, most notably resident fibroblasts, pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), and tumor-infiltrating mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In recent years, single cell transcriptomic studies allowed the identification of distinct CAF populations in pancreatic tumors. Nonetheless, the exact sources and functions of those different CAF phenotypes remain to be fully understood. Considering the importance of stromal cells in pancreatic cancer, many novel approaches have aimed at targeting the stroma but current stroma-targeting therapies have yielded subpar results, which may be attributed to heterogeneity in the fibroblast population. Thus, fully understanding the roles of different subsets of CAFs within the stroma, and the cellular dynamics at play that contribute to heterogeneity in CAF subsets may be essential for the design of novel therapies and improving clinical outcomes. Fortunately, recent advances in technologies such as microfluidics and bio-printing have made it possible to establish more advanced ex vivo models that will likely prove useful. In this review, we will present the different roles of stromal cells in pancreatic cancer, focusing on CAF origin as a source of heterogeneity, and the role this may play in therapy failure. We will discuss preclinical models that could be of benefit to the field and that may contribute to further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Manoukian
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maarten Bijlsma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hanneke van Laarhoven
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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36
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Cell-based therapies for vascular regeneration: Past, present and future. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 231:107976. [PMID: 34480961 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tissue vascularization remains one of the outstanding challenges in regenerative medicine. Beyond its role in circulating oxygen and nutrients, the vasculature is critical for organ development, function and homeostasis. Importantly, effective vascular regeneration is key in generating large 3D tissues for regenerative medicine applications to enable the survival of cells post-transplantation, organ growth, and integration into the host system. Therefore, the absence of clinically applicable means of (re)generating vessels is one of the main obstacles in cell replacement therapy. In this review, we highlight cell-based vascularization strategies which demonstrate clinical potential, discuss their strengths and limitations and highlight the main obstacles hindering cell-based therapeutic vascularization.
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37
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Itoh Y, Itoh S, Naruse H, Kagioka T, Hue MT, Abe M, Hayashi M. Intracellular density is a novel indicator of differentiation stages of murine osteoblast lineage cells. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:1805-1816. [PMID: 34427353 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblasts are primary bone-making cells originating from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the bone marrow. The differentiation of MSCs to mature osteoblasts involves an intermediate stage called preosteoblasts, but the details of this process remain unclear. This study focused on the intracellular density of immature osteoblast lineage cells and hypothesized that the density might vary during differentiation and might be associated with the differentiation stages of osteoblast lineage cells. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between intracellular density and differentiation stages using density gradient centrifugation. Primary murine bone marrow stromal cell cultures were prepared in an osteogenic induction medium, and cells were separated into three fractions (low, intermediate, and high-density). The high-density fraction showed elevated expression of osteoblast differentiation markers (Sp7, Col1a1, Spp1, and Bglap) and low expression of MSC surface markers (Sca-1, CD73, CD105, and CD106). In contrast, the low-density fraction showed a high expression of MSC surface markers. These results indicated that intracellular density increased during differentiation from preosteoblasts to committed osteoblasts. Intracellular density may be a novel indicator for osteoblast differentiation stages. Density gradient centrifugation is a novel technique to study the process by which preosteoblasts transform into bone-forming cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Itoh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shousaku Itoh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruna Naruse
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takumi Kagioka
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mai Thi Hue
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Abe
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikako Hayashi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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38
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Kita S, Shimomura I. Stimulation of exosome biogenesis by adiponectin, a circulating factor secreted from adipocytes. J Biochem 2021; 169:173-179. [PMID: 32979268 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived circulating factor that protects various organs and tissues. Such a pleiotropic action mechanism has not yet been fully explained. Clinically important multimer adiponectin existing in serum bound to cells expressing T-cadherin, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored cadherin, but not to the cells expressing other known receptors, AdipoRs or calreticulin. Adiponectin bound to the cell-surface, accumulated inside of multivesicular bodies through T-cadherin, and increased exosome biogenesis and secretion from the cells. Such increased exosome production accompanied the reduction of cellular ceramides in endothelial cells and mouse aorta, and enhanced skeletal muscle regeneration. Significantly lower plasma exosome levels were found in mice genetically deficient in either adiponectin or T-cadherin. Therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for a pressure overload-induced heart failure in mice required the presence of adiponectin in plasma, T-cadherin expression and exosome biogenesis in MSCs themselves, accompanying an increase of plasma exosomes. Essentially all organs seem to have MSCs and/or their related somatic stem cells expressing T-cadherin. Our recent studies suggested the importance of exosome-stimulation by multimer adiponectin in its well-known pleiotropic organ protections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunbun Kita
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Adipose Management, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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39
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Pfeifer E, Burchell JM, Dazzi F, Sarker D, Beatson R. Apoptosis in the Pancreatic Cancer Tumor Microenvironment-The Double-Edged Sword of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071653. [PMID: 34359823 PMCID: PMC8305815 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with poor prognosis. This is attributed to the disease already being advanced at presentation and having a particularly aggressive tumor biology. The PDAC tumor microenvironment (TME) is characterized by a dense desmoplastic stroma, dominated by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), extracellular matrix (ECM) and immune cells displaying immunosuppressive phenotypes. Due to the advanced stage at diagnosis, the depletion of immune effector cells and lack of actionable genomic targets, the standard treatment is still apoptosis-inducing regimens such as chemotherapy. Paradoxically, it has emerged that the direct induction of apoptosis of cancer cells may fuel oncogenic processes in the TME, including education of CAF and immune cells towards pro-tumorigenic phenotypes. The direct effect of cytotoxic therapies on CAF may also enhance tumorigenesis. With the awareness that CAF are the predominant cell type in PDAC driving tumorigenesis with various tumor supportive functions, efforts have been made to try to target them. However, efforts to target CAF have, to date, shown disappointing results in clinical trials. With the help of sophisticated single cell analyses it is now appreciated that CAF in PDAC are a heterogenous population with both tumor supportive and tumor suppressive functions. Hence, there remains a debate whether targeting CAF in PDAC is a valid therapeutic strategy. In this review we discuss how cytotoxic therapies and the induction of apoptosis in PDAC fuels oncogenesis by the education of surrounding stromal cells, with a particular focus on the potential pro-tumorigenic outcomes arising from targeting CAF. In addition, we explore therapeutic avenues to potentially avoid the oncogenic effects of apoptosis in PDAC CAF.
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40
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Ikeda S, Tsuji S, Ohama T, Sato K. Involvement of PP2A methylation in the adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell. J Biochem 2021; 168:643-650. [PMID: 32663263 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are multipotent stem cells with ability to self-replicate and differentiate into mesodermal derivatives, such as adipocytes and osteoblasts. BM-MSCs are a critical component of the tumour microenvironment. They support tumour progression by recruiting additional BM-MSCs and by differentiating into myofibroblasts (also called cancer-associated fibroblasts). Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is an essential serine/threonine protein phosphatase that regulates a broad range of cellular signalling. PP2A forms a heterotrimer to dephosphorylate specific substrates. The reversible methylesterification (methylation) of Leu309 in the catalytic subunit of PP2A (PP2Ac) regulates biogenesis of the PP2A holoenzyme. It is unknown whether the methylation of PP2Ac plays a role in BM-MSC differentiation. Our experiments determined that protein levels of PP2A subunits and PP2A methyltransferase (LCMT-1) are significantly altered during differentiation. PP2Ac methylation levels in BM-MSCs decrease over time in response to an adipogenic differentiation stimulus. However, blockage of PP2A demethylation using the PP2A dimethyl-esterase inhibitors enhanced adipocyte differentiation. This suggests that PP2Ac demethylation is involved in adipocyte differentiation resistance. The results of our study provide a greater understanding of the regulation of BM-MSCs differentiation by PP2A holoenzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunta Ikeda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Shunya Tsuji
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Koichi Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
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41
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Nakahara Y, Hashimoto N, Sakamoto K, Enomoto A, Adams TS, Yokoi T, Omote N, Poli S, Ando A, Wakahara K, Suzuki A, Inoue M, Hara A, Mizutani Y, Imaizumi K, Kawabe T, Rosas IO, Takahashi M, Kaminski N, Hasegawa Y. Fibroblasts positive for meflin have anti-fibrotic property in pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:13993003.03397-2020. [PMID: 34049947 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.03397-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis of elderly individuals with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains poor. Fibroblastic foci, in which aggregates of proliferating fibroblasts and myofibroblasts are involved, are the pathological hallmark lesions in IPF to represent focal areas of active fibrogenesis. Fibroblast heterogeneity in fibrotic lesions hampers the discovery of the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, to determine of the pathogenesis of IPF, identification of functional fibroblasts is warranted. This study was aimed to determine the role of fibroblasts positive for meflin, identified as a potential marker for mesenchymal stromal cells, during the development of pulmonary fibrosis. We characterised meflin-positive cells in a single cell atlas established by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq)-based profiling of 243 472 cells from 32 IPF lungs and 29 normal lung samples. scRNA-seq combined with in situ RNA hybridisation identified proliferating fibroblasts positive for meflin in fibroblastic foci, not dense fibrosis, of fibrotic lungs in IPF patients. We determined the role of fibroblasts positive for meflin using bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. A BLM-induced lung fibrosis model for meflin-deficient mice showed that fibroblasts positive for meflin had anti-fibrotic property to prevent pulmonary fibrosis. Although transforming growth factor-β-induced fibrogenesis and cell senescence with senescence-associated secretory phenotype were exacerbated in fibroblasts via the repression or lack of meflin, these were inhibited in meflin-deficient fibroblasts with meflin reconstitution. These findings provide evidence to show the biological importance of meflin expression on fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in the active fibrotic region of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Nakahara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Naozumi Hashimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan .,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Koji Sakamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taylor S Adams
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | | | - Norihito Omote
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Sergio Poli
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - Akira Ando
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko Wakahara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahide Inoue
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Hara
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Mizutani
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Imaizumi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kawabe
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ivan O Rosas
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Masahide Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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42
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Hara A, Kato K, Ishihara T, Kobayashi H, Asai N, Mii S, Shiraki Y, Miyai Y, Ando R, Mizutani Y, Iida T, Takefuji M, Murohara T, Takahashi M, Enomoto A. Meflin defines mesenchymal stem cells and/or their early progenitors with multilineage differentiation capacity. Genes Cells 2021; 26:495-512. [PMID: 33960573 PMCID: PMC8360184 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the likely precursors of multiple lines of mesenchymal cells. The existence of bona fide MSCs with self‐renewal capacity and differentiation potential into all mesenchymal lineages, however, has been unclear because of the lack of MSC‐specific marker(s) that are not expressed by the terminally differentiated progeny. Meflin, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored protein, is an MSC marker candidate that is specifically expressed in rare stromal cells in all tissues. Our previous report showed that Meflin expression becomes down‐regulated in bone marrow‐derived MSCs cultured on plastic, making it difficult to examine the self‐renewal and differentiation of Meflin‐positive cells at the single‐cell level. Here, we traced the lineage of Meflin‐positive cells in postnatal and adult mice, showing that those cells differentiated into white and brown adipocytes, osteocytes, chondrocytes and skeletal myocytes. Interestingly, cells derived from Meflin‐positive cells formed clusters of differentiated cells, implying the in situ proliferation of Meflin‐positive cells or their lineage‐committed progenitors. These results, taken together with previous findings that Meflin expression in cultured MSCs was lost upon their multilineage differentiation, suggest that Meflin is a useful potential marker to localize MSCs and/or their immature progenitors in multiple tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akitoshi Hara
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Kato
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ishihara
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kobayashi
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoya Asai
- Department of Pathology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Shinji Mii
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shiraki
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyai
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryota Ando
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Mizutani
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tadashi Iida
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mikito Takefuji
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahide Takahashi
- International Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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43
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Avoiding tensional equilibrium in cells migrating on a matrix with cell-scale stiffness-heterogeneity. Biomaterials 2021; 274:120860. [PMID: 34004486 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular stresses affect various cell functions, including proliferation, differentiation and movement, which are dynamically modulated in migrating cells through continuous cell-shaping and remodeling of the cytoskeletal architecture induced by spatiotemporal interactions with extracellular matrix stiffness. When cells migrate on a matrix with cell-scale stiffness-heterogeneity, which is a common situation in living tissues, what intracellular stress dynamics (ISD) emerge? In this study, to explore this issue, finite element method-based traction force microscopy was applied to cells migrating on microelastically patterned gels. Two model systems of microelastically patterned gels (stiff/soft stripe and stiff triangular patterns) were designed to characterize the effects of a spatial constraint on cell-shaping and of the presence of different types of cues to induce competing cellular taxis (usual and reverse durotaxis) on the ISD, respectively. As the main result, the prolonged fluctuation of traction stress on a whole-cell scale was markedly enhanced on single cell-size triangular stiff patterns compared with homogeneous gels. Such ISD enhancement was found to be derived from the interplay between the nomadic migration of cells to regions with different degrees of stiffness and domain shape-dependent traction force dynamics, which should be an essential factor for keeping cells far from tensional equilibrium.
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44
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Arai H, Sato Y, Yanagita M. Fibroblast heterogeneity and tertiary lymphoid tissues in the kidney. Immunol Rev 2021; 302:196-210. [PMID: 33951198 PMCID: PMC8360208 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts reside in various organs and support tissue structure and homeostasis under physiological conditions. Phenotypic alterations of fibroblasts underlie the development of diverse pathological conditions, including organ fibrosis. Recent advances in single‐cell biology have revealed that fibroblasts comprise heterogeneous subpopulations with distinct phenotypes, which exert both beneficial and detrimental effects on the host organs in a context‐dependent manner. In the kidney, phenotypic alterations of resident fibroblasts provoke common pathological conditions of chronic kidney disease (CKD), such as renal anemia and peritubular capillary loss. Additionally, in aged injured kidneys, fibroblasts provide functional and structural supports for tertiary lymphoid tissues (TLTs), which serve as the ectopic site of acquired immune reactions in various clinical contexts. TLTs are closely associated with aging and CKD progression, and the developmental stages of TLTs reflect the severity of renal injury. In this review, we describe the current understanding of fibroblast heterogeneity both under physiological and pathological conditions, with special emphasis on fibroblast contribution to TLT formation in the kidney. Dissecting the heterogeneous characteristics of fibroblasts will provide a promising therapeutic option for fibroblast‐related pathological conditions, including TLT formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Arai
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Sato
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Medical Innovation Center, TMK Project, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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45
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Kuwano T, Izumi H, Aslam MR, Igarashi Y, Bilal M, Nishimura A, Watanabe Y, Nawaz A, Kado T, Ikuta K, Yamamoto S, Sasahara M, Fujisaka S, Yagi K, Mori H, Tobe K. Generation and characterization of a Meflin-CreERT2 transgenic line for lineage tracing in white adipose tissue. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248267. [PMID: 33760832 PMCID: PMC7990287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Meflin (Islr) expression has gained attention as a marker for mesenchymal stem cells, but its function remains largely unexplored. Here, we report the generation of Meflin-CreERT2 mice with CreERT2 inserted under the Meflin gene promoter to label Meflin-expressing cells genetically, thereby enabling their lineages to be traced. We found that in adult mice, Meflin-expressing lineage cells were present in adipose tissue stroma and had differentiated into mature adipocytes. These cells constituted Crown-like structures in the adipose tissue of mice after high-fat diet loading. Cold stimulation led to the differentiation of Meflin-expressing lineage cells into beige adipocytes. Thus, the Meflin-CreERT2 mouse line is a useful new tool for visualizing and tracking the lineage of Meflin-expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahide Kuwano
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hironori Izumi
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama, Japan
| | - Muhammad Rahil Aslam
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Igarashi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama, Japan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama, Japan
| | - Ayumi Nishimura
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama, Japan
| | - Allah Nawaz
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Kado
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama, Japan
| | - Koichi Ikuta
- Department of Virus Research, Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Sasahara
- Department of Pathology, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shiho Fujisaka
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kunimasa Yagi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hisashi Mori
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama, Japan
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46
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Challenges and advances in clinical applications of mesenchymal stromal cells. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:24. [PMID: 33579329 PMCID: PMC7880217 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), also known as mesenchymal stem cells, have been intensely investigated for clinical applications within the last decades. However, the majority of registered clinical trials applying MSC therapy for diverse human diseases have fallen short of expectations, despite the encouraging pre-clinical outcomes in varied animal disease models. This can be attributable to inconsistent criteria for MSCs identity across studies and their inherited heterogeneity. Nowadays, with the emergence of advanced biological techniques and substantial improvements in bio-engineered materials, strategies have been developed to overcome clinical challenges in MSC application. Here in this review, we will discuss the major challenges of MSC therapies in clinical application, the factors impacting the diversity of MSCs, the potential approaches that modify MSC products with the highest therapeutic potential, and finally the usage of MSCs for COVID-19 pandemic disease.
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47
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Barrett RL, Puré E. Cancer-associated fibroblasts and their influence on tumor immunity and immunotherapy. eLife 2020; 9:57243. [PMID: 33370234 PMCID: PMC7769568 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts play an essential role in organogenesis and the integrity of tissue architecture and function. Growth in most solid tumors is dependent upon remodeling 'stroma', composed of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and extracellular matrix (ECM), which plays a critical role in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Recent studies have clearly established that the potent immunosuppressive activity of stroma is a major mechanism by which stroma can promote tumor progression and confer resistance to immune-based therapies. Herein, we review recent advances in identifying the stroma-dependent mechanisms that regulate cancer-associated inflammation and antitumor immunity, in particular, the interactions between fibroblasts and immune cells. We also review the potential mechanisms by which stroma can confer resistance to immune-based therapies for solid tumors and current advancements in stroma-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellen Puré
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
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48
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Sunami Y, Häußler J, Kleeff J. Cellular Heterogeneity of Pancreatic Stellate Cells, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123770. [PMID: 33333727 PMCID: PMC7765115 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is projected to become the second deadliest cancer by 2030 in the United States, and the overall five-year survival rate stands still at around 9%. The stroma compartment can make up more than 90% of the pancreatic tumor mass, contributing to the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. The dense stroma with extracellular matrix proteins can be a physical and metabolic barrier reducing therapeutic efficacy. Cancer-associated fibroblasts are a source of extracellular matrix proteins. Therefore, targeting these cells, or extracellular matrix proteins, have been considered as therapeutic strategies. However, several studies show that deletion of cancer-associated fibroblasts may have tumor-promoting effects. Cancer-associated fibroblasts are derived from a variety of different cell types, such as pancreatic stellate cells and mesenchymal stem cells, and constitute a diverse cell population consisting of several functionally heterogeneous subtypes. Several subtypes of cancer-associated fibroblasts exhibit a tumor-restraining function. This review article summarizes recent findings regarding origin and functional heterogeneity of tumor-promoting as well as tumor-restraining cancer-associated fibroblasts. A better understanding of cancer-associated fibroblast heterogeneity could provide more specific and personalized therapies for pancreatic cancer patients in the future.
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49
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Rees WD, Tandun R, Yau E, Zachos NC, Steiner TS. Regenerative Intestinal Stem Cells Induced by Acute and Chronic Injury: The Saving Grace of the Epithelium? Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:583919. [PMID: 33282867 PMCID: PMC7688923 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.583919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is replenished every 3-4 days through an orderly process that maintains important secretory and absorptive functions while preserving a continuous mucosal barrier. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) derive from a stable population of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) that reside in the basal crypts. When intestinal injury reaches the crypts and damages IECs, a mechanism to replace them is needed. Recent research has highlighted the existence of distinct populations of acute and chronic damage-associated ISCs and their roles in maintaining homeostasis in several intestinal perturbation models. What remains unknown is how the damage-associated regenerative ISC population functions in the setting of chronic inflammation, as opposed to acute injury. What long-term consequences result from persistent inflammation and other cellular insults to the ISC niche? What particular "regenerative" cell types provide the most efficacious restorative properties? Which differentiated IECs maintain the ability to de-differentiate and restore the ISC niche? This review will cover the latest research on damage-associated regenerative ISCs and epigenetic factors that determine ISC fate, as well as provide opinions on future studies that need to be undertaken to understand the repercussions of the emergence of these cells, their contribution to relapses in inflammatory bowel disease, and their potential use in therapeutics for chronic intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Rees
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rene Tandun
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Enoch Yau
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nicholas C Zachos
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Theodore S Steiner
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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50
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Mei X, Gu M, Li M. Plasticity of Paneth cells and their ability to regulate intestinal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020. [PMID: 32787930 DOI: 10.1186/s13287‐020‐01857‐7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Paneth cells (PCs) are located at the bottom of small intestinal crypts and play an important role in maintaining the stability of the intestinal tract. Previous studies reported on how PCs shape the intestinal microbiota or the response to the immune system. Recent studies have determined that PCs play an important role in the regulation of the homeostasis of intestinal epithelial cells. PCs can regulate the function and homeostasis of intestinal stem cells through several mechanisms. On the one hand, under pathological conditions, PCs can be dedifferentiated into stem cells to promote the repair of intestinal tissues. On the other hand, PCs can regulate stem cell proliferation by secreting a variety of hormones (such as wnt3a) or metabolic intermediates. In addition, we summarise key signalling pathways that affect PC differentiation and mutual effect with intestinal stem cells. In this review, we introduce the diverse functions of PCs in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglin Mei
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Ming Gu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Meiying Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China.
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