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Wehn AC, Krestel E, Harapan BN, Klymchenko A, Plesnila N, Khalin I. To see or not to see: In vivo nanocarrier detection methods in the brain and their challenges. J Control Release 2024; 371:216-236. [PMID: 38810705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have a great potential to significantly improve the delivery of therapeutics to the brain and may also be equipped with properties to investigate brain function. The brain, being a highly complex organ shielded by selective barriers, requires its own specialized detection system. However, a significant hurdle to achieve these goals is still the identification of individual nanoparticles within the brain with sufficient cellular, subcellular, and temporal resolution. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge on detection systems for tracking nanoparticles across the blood-brain barrier and within the brain. We discuss commonly employed in vivo and ex vivo nanoparticle identification and quantification methods, as well as various imaging modalities able to detect nanoparticles in the brain. Advantages and weaknesses of these modalities as well as the biological factors that must be considered when interpreting results obtained through nanotechnologies are summarized. Finally, we critically evaluate the prevailing limitations of existing technologies and explore potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Clarissa Wehn
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Munich University Hospital, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Munich Medical Center, Marchioninistraße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Eva Krestel
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Munich University Hospital, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Germany.
| | - Biyan Nathanael Harapan
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Munich University Hospital, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Munich Medical Center, Marchioninistraße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Andrey Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, CNRS UMR 7213, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin - CS 60024, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France.
| | - Nikolaus Plesnila
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Munich University Hospital, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Igor Khalin
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Munich University Hospital, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Germany; Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), 14 074 Bd Henri Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France.
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2
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Wang W, Hassan MM, Kapoor-Kaushik N, Livni L, Musrie B, Tang J, Mahmud Z, Lai S, Wich PR, Ananthanarayanan V, Moalem-Taylor G, Mao G. Neural Tracing Protein-Functionalized Nanoparticles Capable of Fast Retrograde Axonal Transport in Live Neurons. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2311921. [PMID: 38647340 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Neural tracing proteins like horseradish peroxidase-conjugated wheat germ agglutinin (WGA-HRP) can target the central nervous system (CNS) through anatomic retrograde transport without crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Conjugating WGA-HRP to nanoparticles may enable the creation of BBB-bypassing nanomedicine. Microfluidics and two-photon confocal microscopy is applied to screen nanocarriers for transport efficacy and gain mechanistic insights into their interactions with neurons. Protein modification of gold nanoparticles alters their cellular uptake at the axonal terminal and activates fast retrograde transport. Trajectory analysis of individual endosomes carrying the nanoparticles reveals a run-and-pause pattern along the axon with endosomes carrying WGA-HRP-conjugated gold nanoparticles exhibiting longer run duration and faster instantaneous velocity than those carrying nonconjugated nanoparticles. The results offer a mechanistic explanation of the different axonal transport dynamics as well as a cell-based functional assay of neuron-targeted nanoparticles with the goal of developing BBB-bypassing nanomedicine for the treatment of nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Md Musfizur Hassan
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Natasha Kapoor-Kaushik
- Electron Microscopy Unit, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Lital Livni
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Benjamin Musrie
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jianbo Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Zaheri Mahmud
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Saluo Lai
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Peter Richard Wich
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Vaishnavi Ananthanarayanan
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Gila Moalem-Taylor
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Guangzhao Mao
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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Wang W, Yong J, Marciano P, O’Hare Doig R, Mao G, Clark J. The Translation of Nanomedicines in the Contexts of Spinal Cord Injury and Repair. Cells 2024; 13:569. [PMID: 38607008 PMCID: PMC11011097 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THIS REVIEW Manipulating or re-engineering the damaged human spinal cord to achieve neuro-recovery is one of the foremost challenges of modern science. Addressing the restricted permission of neural cells and topographically organised neural tissue for self-renewal and spontaneous regeneration, respectively, is not straightforward, as exemplified by rare instances of translational success. This review assembles an understanding of advances in nanomedicine for spinal cord injury (SCI) and related clinical indications of relevance to attempts to design, engineer, and target nanotechnologies to multiple molecular networks. RECENT FINDINGS Recent research provides a new understanding of the health benefits and regulatory landscape of nanomedicines based on a background of advances in mRNA-based nanocarrier vaccines and quantum dot-based optical imaging. In relation to spinal cord pathology, the extant literature details promising advances in nanoneuropharmacology and regenerative medicine that inform the present understanding of the nanoparticle (NP) biocompatibility-neurotoxicity relationship. In this review, the conceptual bases of nanotechnology and nanomaterial chemistry covering organic and inorganic particles of sizes generally less than 100 nm in diameter will be addressed. Regarding the centrally active nanotechnologies selected for this review, attention is paid to NP physico-chemistry, functionalisation, delivery, biocompatibility, biodistribution, toxicology, and key molecular targets and biological effects intrinsic to and beyond the spinal cord parenchyma. SUMMARY The advance of nanotechnologies for the treatment of refractory spinal cord pathologies requires an in-depth understanding of neurobiological and topographical principles and a consideration of additional complexities involving the research's translational and regulatory landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (W.W.); (J.Y.); (G.M.)
| | - Joel Yong
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (W.W.); (J.Y.); (G.M.)
| | - Paul Marciano
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (P.M.); (R.O.D.)
- Neil Sachse Centre for Spinal Cord Research, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Ryan O’Hare Doig
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (P.M.); (R.O.D.)
- Neil Sachse Centre for Spinal Cord Research, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Guangzhao Mao
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (W.W.); (J.Y.); (G.M.)
| | - Jillian Clark
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (P.M.); (R.O.D.)
- Neil Sachse Centre for Spinal Cord Research, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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Cooper CG, Kafetzis KN, Patabendige A, Tagalakis AD. Blood-brain barrier disruption in dementia: Nano-solutions as new treatment options. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1359-1385. [PMID: 38154805 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Candidate drugs targeting the central nervous system (CNS) demonstrate extremely low clinical success rates, with more than 98% of potential treatments being discontinued due to poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Neurological conditions were shown to be the second leading cause of death globally in 2016, with the number of people currently affected by neurological disorders increasing rapidly. This increasing trend, along with an inability to develop BBB permeating drugs, is presenting a major hurdle in the treatment of CNS-related disorders, like dementia. To overcome this, it is necessary to understand the structure and function of the BBB, including the transport of molecules across its interface in both healthy and pathological conditions. The use of CNS drug carriers is rapidly gaining popularity in CNS research due to their ability to target BBB transport systems. Further research and development of drug delivery vehicles could provide essential information that can be used to develop novel treatments for neurological conditions. This review discusses the BBB and its transport systems and evaluates the potential of using nanoparticle-based delivery systems as drug carriers for CNS disease with a focus on dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adjanie Patabendige
- Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Aristides D Tagalakis
- Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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5
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Lansangan C, Khoobchandani M, Jain R, Rudensky S, Perry CC, Patil R. Designing Gold Nanoparticles for Precise Glioma Treatment: Challenges and Alternatives. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1153. [PMID: 38473623 DOI: 10.3390/ma17051153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a glioma and the most aggressive type of brain tumor with a dismal average survival time, despite the standard of care. One promising alternative therapy is boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), which is a noninvasive therapy for treating locally invasive malignant tumors, such as glioma. BNCT involves boron-10 isotope capturing neutrons to form boron-11, which then releases radiation directly into tumor cells with minimal damage to healthy tissues. This therapy lacks clinically approved targeted blood-brain-barrier-permeating delivery vehicles for the central nervous system (CNS) entry of therapeutic boron-10. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are selective and effective drug-delivery vehicles because of their desirable properties, facile synthesis, and biocompatibility. This review discusses biomedical/therapeutic applications of GNPs as a drug delivery vehicle, with an emphasis on their potential for carrying therapeutic drugs, imaging agents, and GBM-targeting antibodies/peptides for treating glioma. The constraints of GNP therapeutic efficacy and biosafety are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Lansangan
- Division of Cancer Science, Departments of Basic Sciences and Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University (LLU), 11175 Campus St., Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Menka Khoobchandani
- Division of Cancer Science, Departments of Basic Sciences and Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University (LLU), 11175 Campus St., Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Ruchit Jain
- Department of Surgery, Government Medical College, Miraj 416410, India
| | - Serge Rudensky
- Division of Cancer Science, Departments of Basic Sciences and Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University (LLU), 11175 Campus St., Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Christopher C Perry
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University (LLU), 11175 Campus St., Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Rameshwar Patil
- Division of Cancer Science, Departments of Basic Sciences and Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University (LLU), 11175 Campus St., Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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Wang W, Hassan MM, Mao G. Colloidal Perspective on Targeted Drug Delivery to the Central Nervous System. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:3235-3245. [PMID: 36825490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This article describes a new approach in targeted drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) in a significant departure from the predominant systematic drug administration attempting to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nanoparticles chemically conjugated to neural tract tracer proteins are capable of path-specific axonal retrograde transport, transneuronal transport, and anatomical tract flow to bypass the BBB. To celebrate the work by Dr. Bettye Washington Greene on the physical chemistry of colloidal particles, this article focuses on the physiochemical characteristics of the nanoparticles, various colloidal forces that impact the colloidal stability of nanoparticles in biological media, and surface chemistry strategies to avoid nanoparticle aggregation-induced poor therapeutic outcomes. The biological environment for the anatomical retrograde transport of neural tract tracers is examined to directly link factors impacting the colloidal stability of the new class of CNS-targeting nanoconjugates such as nanoconjugate size, shape, surface charge, surface chemistry, ionic strength, pH, and protein adsorption on the nanoparticle. We conclude with opportunities and challenges for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Md Musfizur Hassan
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Guangzhao Mao
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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7
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Conklin B, Conley BM, Hou Y, Chen M, Lee KB. Advanced theragnostics for the central nervous system (CNS) and neurological disorders using functional inorganic nanomaterials. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 192:114636. [PMID: 36481291 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Various types of inorganic nanomaterials are capable of diagnostic biomarker detection and the therapeutic delivery of a disease or inflammatory modulating agent. Those multi-functional nanomaterials have been utilized to treat neurodegenerative diseases and central nervous system (CNS) injuries in an effective and personalized manner. Even though many nanomaterials can deliver a payload and detect a biomarker of interest, only a few studies have yet to fully utilize this combined strategy to its full potential. Combining a nanomaterial's ability to facilitate targeted delivery, promote cellular proliferation and differentiation, and carry a large amount of material with various sensing approaches makes it possible to diagnose a patient selectively and sensitively while offering preventative measures or early disease-modifying strategies. By tuning the properties of an inorganic nanomaterial, the dimensionality, hydrophilicity, size, charge, shape, surface chemistry, and many other chemical and physical parameters, different types of cells in the central nervous system can be monitored, modulated, or further studies to elucidate underlying disease mechanisms. Scientists and clinicians have better understood the underlying processes of pathologies for many neurologically related diseases and injuries by implementing multi-dimensional 0D, 1D, and 2D theragnostic nanomaterials. The incorporation of nanomaterials has allowed scientists to better understand how to detect and treat these conditions at an early stage. To this end, having the multi-modal ability to both sense and treat ailments of the central nervous system can lead to favorable outcomes for patients suffering from such injuries and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Conklin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123, Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Brian M Conley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123, Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yannan Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123, Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Meizi Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123, Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123, Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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8
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Méndez-García LA, Escobedo G, Minguer-Uribe AG, Viurcos-Sanabria R, Aguayo-Guerrero JA, Carrillo-Ruiz JD, Solleiro-Villavicencio H. Role of the renin-angiotensin system in the development of COVID-19-associated neurological manifestations. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:977039. [PMID: 36187294 PMCID: PMC9523599 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.977039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 causes COVID-19, which has claimed millions of lives. This virus can infect various cells and tissues, including the brain, for which numerous neurological symptoms have been reported, ranging from mild and non-life-threatening (e.g., headaches, anosmia, dysgeusia, and disorientation) to severe and life-threatening symptoms (e.g., meningitis, ischemic stroke, and cerebral thrombosis). The cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2 is angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), an enzyme that belongs to the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). RAS is an endocrine system that has been classically associated with regulating blood pressure and fluid and electrolyte balance; however, it is also involved in promoting inflammation, proliferation, fibrogenesis, and lipogenesis. Two pathways constitute the RAS with counter-balancing effects, which is the key to its regulation. The first axis (classical) is composed of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin (Ang) II, and angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) as the main effector, which -when activated- increases the production of aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone, sympathetic nervous system tone, blood pressure, vasoconstriction, fibrosis, inflammation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Both systemic and local classical RAS' within the brain are associated with cognitive impairment, cell death, and inflammation. The second axis (non-classical or alternative) includes ACE2, which converts Ang II to Ang-(1-7), a peptide molecule that activates Mas receptor (MasR) in charge of opposing Ang II/AT1R actions. Thus, the alternative RAS axis enhances cognition, synaptic remodeling, cell survival, cell signal transmission, and antioxidant/anti-inflammatory mechanisms in the brain. In a physiological state, both RAS axes remain balanced. However, some factors can dysregulate systemic and local RAS arms. The binding of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 causes the internalization and degradation of this enzyme, reducing its activity, and disrupting the balance of systemic and local RAS, which partially explain the appearance of some of the neurological symptoms associated with COVID-19. Therefore, this review aims to analyze the role of RAS in the development of the neurological effects due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, we will discuss the RAS-molecular targets that could be used for therapeutic purposes to treat the short and long-term neurological COVID-19-related sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía A. Méndez-García
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga,”Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Galileo Escobedo
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga,”Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alan Gerardo Minguer-Uribe
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Cellular Physiology Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rebeca Viurcos-Sanabria
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga,”Mexico City, Mexico
- PECEM, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José A. Aguayo-Guerrero
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga,”Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Damián Carrillo-Ruiz
- Research Directorate, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga,”Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga,”Mexico City, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac, Huixquilucan, Mexico
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Gao X, Hassan MM, Ghosh S, Mao G, Sankari A. Efficacy and toxicity of the DPCPX nanoconjugate drug study for the treatment of spinal cord injury in rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 133:262-272. [PMID: 35771225 PMCID: PMC9342139 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00195.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of the Adenosine A1 blockade using 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-diprophyxanthine (DPCPX) nanoconjugate on inducing recovery of the hemidiaphragm paralyzed by hemisection have been thoroughly examined previously; however, the toxicology of DPCPX nanoconjugate remains unknown. This research study investigates the therapeutic efficacy and toxicology of the nanoconjugate DPCPX in the cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) rat model. We hypothesized that a single injection of nanoconjugate DPCPX in the paralyzed left hemidiaphragm (LDH) of hemisected rats at the 2nd cervical segment (C2Hx) would lead to the long-term recovery of LDH while showing minimal toxicity. Adult male rats underwent left C2Hx surgery and the diaphragms' baseline electromyography (EMG). Subsequently, rats were randomized into a control group, and four treated subgroups. Three subgroups received a single intradiaphragmatic dose of either 0.09, 0.15, 0.27 µg/kg, and one subgroup received 0.1 mg/kg of native DPCPX 2 times/day intravenous (i.v.) for 3 days (total 0.6 mg/kg). Rats were monitored for a total of 56 days. Compared to control, the treatment with nanoconjugate DPCPX at 0.09 µg/kg, 0.15 µg/kg, and 0.27 µg/kg doses elicited significant recovery of paralyzed LDH (i.e., 67% recovery at eight weeks) (p<0.05). DPCPX nanoconjugate treated rats had significant weight loss first two weeks but recovered significantly by day 56 (p<0.05). The levels of gold in the blood and body tissues were below the recommended levels. No sign of weakness, histology of tissue damage, or organ abnormality was observed. A single dose of DPCPX nanoconjugate can induce long-term diaphragm recovery after SCI without observed toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Gao
- Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States.,John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Md Musfizur Hassan
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney. Australia
| | - Samiran Ghosh
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Guangzhao Mao
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney. Australia
| | - Abdulghani Sankari
- Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States.,John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, United States.,Department of Medical Education, Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, Michigan, United States
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10
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Khan I, Baig MH, Mahfooz S, Imran MA, Khan MI, Dong JJ, Cho JY, Hatiboglu MA. Nanomedicine for Glioblastoma: Progress and Future Prospects. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:172-186. [PMID: 35760272 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive form of brain tumor, accounting for the highest mortality and morbidity rates. Current treatment for patients with glioblastoma includes maximal safe tumor resection followed by radiation therapy with concomitant temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy. The addition of TMZ to the conformal radiation therapy has improved the median survival time only from 12 months to 16 months in patients with glioblastoma. Despite these aggressive treatment strategies, patients' prognosis remains poor. This therapeutic failure is primarily attributed to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that restricts the transport of TMZ from reaching the tumor site. In recent years, nanomedicine has gained considerable attention among researchers and shown promising developments in clinical applications, including the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of glioblastoma tumors. This review sheds light on the morphological and physiological complexity of the BBB. It also explains the development of nanomedicine strategies to enhance the permeability of drug molecules across the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Yalıköy St., Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mohammad Hassan Baig
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Sadaf Mahfooz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Yalıköy St., Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mohammad Azhar Imran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohd Imran Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-June Dong
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mustafa Aziz Hatiboglu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Yalıköy St., Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical School, Vatan Street, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey.
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11
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Current Strategies to Enhance Delivery of Drugs across the Blood–Brain Barrier. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050987. [PMID: 35631573 PMCID: PMC9145636 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) has shown to be a significant obstacle to brain medication delivery. The BBB in a healthy brain is a diffusion barrier that prevents most substances from passing from the blood to the brain; only tiny molecules can pass across the BBB. The BBB is disturbed in specific pathological illnesses such as stroke, diabetes, seizures, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. The goal of this study is to offer a general overview of current brain medication delivery techniques and associated topics from the last five years. It is anticipated that this review will stimulate readers to look into new ways to deliver medications to the brain. Following an introduction of the construction and function of the BBB in both healthy and pathological conditions, this review revisits certain contested questions, such as whether nanoparticles may cross the BBB on their own and if medications are selectively delivered to the brain by deliberately targeted nanoparticles. Current non-nanoparticle options are also discussed, including drug delivery via the permeable BBB under pathological circumstances and the use of non-invasive approaches to improve brain medication absorption.
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In vivo study of dose-dependent antioxidant efficacy of functionalized core-shell yttrium oxide nanoparticles. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:593-606. [PMID: 35201389 PMCID: PMC8989852 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Herein, we assess the dose-dependent antioxidant efficacy of ultrafine spherical functionalized core–shell yttrium oxide nanoparticles (YNPs) with a mean size of 7–8 nm and modified with poly EGMP (ethylene glycol methacrylate phosphate) and N-Fluorescein Acrylamide. The antioxidant properties of these nanoparticles were investigated in three groups of Sprague–Dawley rats (10 per group) exposed to environmental stress daily for 1 week and one control group. Groups 2 and 3 were intravenously injected twice a week with YNPs at 0.3 and 0.5 mg at 2nd and 5th day of environmental stress exposure respectively. Different samples of blood and serum were collected from all experimental groups at end of the experiment to measure oxidative biomarkers such as total antioxidant capacity (TAC), hydroxyl radical antioxidant capacity (HORAC), oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and oxidants concentration as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The liver, brain, and spleen tissues were collected for fluorescence imaging and histopathological examination in addition to brain tissue examination by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to estimate YNPs translocation and concentration in tissues which is consecutively dependent on the dose of administration. Depending on all results, poly EGMP YNPs (poly EGMP yttrium oxide nanoparticles) can act as a potent direct antioxidant in a dose-dependent manner with good permeability through blood–brain barrier (BBB). Also, the neuroprotective effect of YNPs opening the door to a new therapeutic approach for modulating oxidative stress–related neural disorders. Highlights • The dose-dependent antioxidant efficacy of ultrafine spherical functionalized core–shell yttrium oxide nanoparticles (YNPs) with a mean size of 7–8 nm and modified with poly EGMP (ethylene glycol methacrylate phosphate) and N-Fluorescein Acrylamide was assessed. • The dose of administration directly affecting the brain, liver, and spleen tissues distribution, retention, and uptake of YNPs and direct correlation between the absorbed amount and higher dose administered. • YNPs can act as a potent direct antioxidant in a dose-dependent manner with good permeability through blood–brain barrier (BBB). Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00210-022-02219-1.
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A Molecular Study of Aspirin and Tenofovir Using Gold/Dextran Nanocomposites and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27082554. [PMID: 35458752 PMCID: PMC9029789 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we show how surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) can be used to monitor the molecular behaviour of aspirin and tenofovir as a means of screening medication for quality control purposes. Gold-coated slides combined with gold/dextran nanoaggregates were used to provide signal enhancement of the drugs using SERS. Aspirin (10% w/v) and tenofovir (20% v/v) were analysed in the presence of the nanomaterials to determine trends in molecular response to changes in gold/dextran concentrations. Qualitative analysis of the functional groups showed specific trends where the peak area increased with polarizability, electron density and decreased atomic radii. Steric hinderance effects also affected the trends in peak area due to the amount of gold/dextran nanoparticles in solution. Statistical analysis provided accurate and precise linear relationships (R2 = 0.99) for the ester and adenine functional groups of aspirin and tenofovir, respectively. From the above findings, the combined use of gold nano-scaffolds and gold/dextran nanomaterials amplified the Raman signal from the drugs to allow for systematic evaluation of their molecular properties. Although more experiments to correlate the findings are still needed, this SERS approach shows great potential as a screening method in the quality control of medications.
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Ghanimi Fard M, Khabir Z, Reineck P, Cordina NM, Abe H, Ohshima T, Dalal S, Gibson BC, Packer NH, Parker LM. Targeting cell surface glycans with lectin-coated fluorescent nanodiamonds. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:1551-1564. [PMID: 36134370 PMCID: PMC9418452 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00036a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is arguably the most important functional post-translational modification in brain cells and abnormal cell surface glycan expression has been associated with neurological diseases and brain cancers. In this study we developed a novel method for uptake of fluorescent nanodiamonds (FND), carbon-based nanoparticles with low toxicity and easily modifiable surfaces, into brain cell subtypes by targeting their glycan receptors with carbohydrate-binding lectins. Lectins facilitated uptake of 120 nm FND with nitrogen-vacancy centers in three types of brain cells - U87-MG astrocytes, PC12 neurons and BV-2 microglia cells. The nanodiamond/lectin complexes used in this study target glycans that have been described to be altered in brain diseases including sialic acid glycans via wheat (Triticum aestivum) germ agglutinin (WGA), high mannose glycans via tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) lectin (TL) and core fucosylated glycans via Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL). The lectin conjugated nanodiamonds were taken up differently by the various brain cell types with fucose binding AAL/FNDs taken up preferentially by glioblastoma phenotype astrocyte cells (U87-MG), sialic acid binding WGA/FNDs by neuronal phenotype cells (PC12) and high mannose binding TL/FNDs by microglial cells (BV-2). With increasing recognition of glycans having a role in many diseases, the lectin bioconjugated nanodiamonds developed here are well suited for further investigation into theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Ghanimi Fard
- School of Natural Sciences, Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia +61 2 9850 8269
| | - Zahra Khabir
- School of Natural Sciences, Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia +61 2 9850 8269
| | - Philipp Reineck
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, School of Science, RMIT University Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia
| | - Nicole M Cordina
- School of Natural Sciences, Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia +61 2 9850 8269
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, The Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology Takasaki Gunma 3701292 Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohshima
- Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, The Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology Takasaki Gunma 3701292 Japan
| | - Sagar Dalal
- School of Natural Sciences, Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia +61 2 9850 8269
| | - Brant C Gibson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, School of Science, RMIT University Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia
| | - Nicolle H Packer
- School of Natural Sciences, Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia +61 2 9850 8269
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University Southport QLD 4222 Australia
| | - Lindsay M Parker
- School of Natural Sciences, Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia +61 2 9850 8269
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Salarpour S, Barani M, Pardakhty A, Khatami M, Pal Singh Chauhan N. The application of exosomes and Exosome-nanoparticle in treating brain disorders. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Harish V, Tewari D, Gaur M, Yadav AB, Swaroop S, Bechelany M, Barhoum A. Review on Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Materials: Bioimaging, Biosensing, Drug Delivery, Tissue Engineering, Antimicrobial, and Agro-Food Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030457. [PMID: 35159802 PMCID: PMC8839643 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In the last few decades, the vast potential of nanomaterials for biomedical and healthcare applications has been extensively investigated. Several case studies demonstrated that nanomaterials can offer solutions to the current challenges of raw materials in the biomedical and healthcare fields. This review describes the different nanoparticles and nanostructured material synthesis approaches and presents some emerging biomedical, healthcare, and agro-food applications. This review focuses on various nanomaterial types (e.g., spherical, nanorods, nanotubes, nanosheets, nanofibers, core-shell, and mesoporous) that can be synthesized from different raw materials and their emerging applications in bioimaging, biosensing, drug delivery, tissue engineering, antimicrobial, and agro-foods. Depending on their morphology (e.g., size, aspect ratio, geometry, porosity), nanomaterials can be used as formulation modifiers, moisturizers, nanofillers, additives, membranes, and films. As toxicological assessment depends on sizes and morphologies, stringent regulation is needed from the testing of efficient nanomaterials dosages. The challenges and perspectives for an industrial breakthrough of nanomaterials are related to the optimization of production and processing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vancha Harish
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144401, India; (V.H.); (D.T.)
| | - Devesh Tewari
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144401, India; (V.H.); (D.T.)
| | - Manish Gaur
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211002, India;
| | - Awadh Bihari Yadav
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211002, India;
- Correspondence: (A.B.Y.); (M.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Shiv Swaroop
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, India;
| | - Mikhael Bechelany
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM UMR 5635, University Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, 34730 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence: (A.B.Y.); (M.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Ahmed Barhoum
- NanoStruc Research Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt
- National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, D09 Y074 Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence: (A.B.Y.); (M.B.); (A.B.)
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Hassan MM, Hettiarachchi M, Kilani M, Gao X, Sankari A, Boyer C, Mao G. Sustained A1 Adenosine Receptor Antagonist Drug Release from Nanoparticles Functionalized by a Neural Tracing Protein. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:4438-4448. [PMID: 34672533 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory dysfunction is a major cause of death in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). A remaining unsolved problem in treating SCI is the intolerable side effects of the drugs to patients. In a significant departure from conventional targeted nanotherapeutics to overcome the blood-brain barrier (BBB), this work pursues a drug-delivery approach that uses neural tracing retrograde transport proteins to bypass the BBB and deliver an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist drug, 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentyl xanthine, exclusively to the respiratory motoneurons in the spinal cord and the brainstem. A single intradiaphragmatic injection at one thousandth of the native drug dosage induces prolonged respiratory recovery in a hemisection animal model. To translate the discovery into new treatments for respiratory dysfunction, we carry out this study to characterize the purity and quality of synthesis, stability, and drug-release properties of the neural tracing protein (wheat germ agglutinin chemically conjugated to horseradish peroxidase)-coupled nanoconjugate. We show that the batch-to-batch particle size and drug dosage variations are less than 10%. We evaluate the nanoconjugate size against the spatial constraints imposed by transsynaptic transport from pre to postsynaptic neurons. We determine that the nanoconjugate formulation is capable of sustained drug release lasting for days at physiologic pH, a prerequisite for long-distance transport of the drug from the diaphragm muscle to the brainstem. We model the drug-release profiles using a first-order reaction model and the Noyes-Whitney diffusion model. We confirm via biological electron microscopy that the nanoconjugate particles do not accumulate in the tissues at the injection site. We define the nanoconjugate storage conditions after monitoring the solution dispersion stability under various conditions for 4 months. This study supports further development of neural tracing protein-enabled nanotherapeutics for treating respiratory problems associated with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Musfizur Hassan
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Malsha Hettiarachchi
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Mohamed Kilani
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Xiaohua Gao
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Abdulghani Sankari
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Guangzhao Mao
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Disorders: Focus on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169082. [PMID: 34445784 PMCID: PMC8396516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders involve the slow and gradual degeneration of axons and neurons in the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in abnormalities in cellular function and eventual cellular demise. Patients with these disorders succumb to the high medical costs and the disruption of their normal lives. Current therapeutics employed for treating these diseases are deemed palliative. Hence, a treatment strategy that targets the disease's cause, not just the symptoms exhibited, is desired. The synergistic use of nanomedicine and gene therapy to effectively target the causative mutated gene/s in the CNS disease progression could provide the much-needed impetus in this battle against these diseases. This review focuses on Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, the gene/s and proteins responsible for the damage and death of neurons, and the importance of nanomedicine as a potential treatment strategy. Multiple genes were identified in this regard, each presenting with various mutations. Hence, genome-wide sequencing is essential for specific treatment in patients. While a cure is yet to be achieved, genomic studies form the basis for creating a highly efficacious nanotherapeutic that can eradicate these dreaded diseases. Thus, nanomedicine can lead the way in helping millions of people worldwide to eventually lead a better life.
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Combes GF, Vučković AM, Perić Bakulić M, Antoine R, Bonačić-Koutecky V, Trajković K. Nanotechnology in Tumor Biomarker Detection: The Potential of Liganded Nanoclusters as Nonlinear Optical Contrast Agents for Molecular Diagnostics of Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4206. [PMID: 34439360 PMCID: PMC8393257 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of premature death, and, as such, it can be prevented by developing strategies for early and accurate diagnosis. Cancer diagnostics has evolved from the macroscopic detection of malignant tissues to the fine analysis of tumor biomarkers using personalized medicine approaches. Recently, various nanomaterials have been introduced into the molecular diagnostics of cancer. This has resulted in a number of tumor biomarkers that have been detected in vitro and in vivo using nanodevices and corresponding imaging techniques. Atomically precise ligand-protected noble metal quantum nanoclusters represent an interesting class of nanomaterials with a great potential for the detection of tumor biomarkers. They are characterized by high biocompatibility, low toxicity, and suitability for controlled functionalization with moieties specifically recognizing tumor biomarkers. Their non-linear optical properties are of particular importance as they enable the visualization of nanocluster-labeled tumor biomarkers using non-linear optical techniques such as two-photon-excited fluorescence and second harmonic generation. This article reviews liganded nanoclusters among the different nanomaterials used for molecular cancer diagnosis and the relevance of this new class of nanomaterials as non-linear optical probe and contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume F. Combes
- Center of Excellence for Science and Technology-Integration of Mediterranean Region (STIM), Faculty of Science, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (G.F.C.); (A.-M.V.); (M.P.B.); (V.B.-K.)
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences (MedILS), 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ana-Marija Vučković
- Center of Excellence for Science and Technology-Integration of Mediterranean Region (STIM), Faculty of Science, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (G.F.C.); (A.-M.V.); (M.P.B.); (V.B.-K.)
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences (MedILS), 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Martina Perić Bakulić
- Center of Excellence for Science and Technology-Integration of Mediterranean Region (STIM), Faculty of Science, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (G.F.C.); (A.-M.V.); (M.P.B.); (V.B.-K.)
| | - Rodolphe Antoine
- UMR 5306, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute Lumière Matière, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France;
| | - Vlasta Bonačić-Koutecky
- Center of Excellence for Science and Technology-Integration of Mediterranean Region (STIM), Faculty of Science, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (G.F.C.); (A.-M.V.); (M.P.B.); (V.B.-K.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Science and Technology (ICAST), University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Chemistry Department, Humboldt University of Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katarina Trajković
- Center of Excellence for Science and Technology-Integration of Mediterranean Region (STIM), Faculty of Science, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (G.F.C.); (A.-M.V.); (M.P.B.); (V.B.-K.)
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences (MedILS), 21000 Split, Croatia
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Wang H, Chen X, Mao M, Xue X. Multifaceted Therapy of Nanocatalysts in Neurological Diseases. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:711-743. [PMID: 34082864 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
With the development of enzymes immobilization technology and the discover of nanozymes, catalytic therapy exhibited tremendous potential for neurological diseases therapy. In especial, since the discovery of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles possessing intrinsic peroxidase-like activity, various nanozymes have been developed and recently started to explore for neurological diseases therapy, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and stroke. By combining the catalytic activities with other properties (such as optical, thermal, electrical, and magnetic properties) of nanomaterials, the multifunctional nanozymes would not only alleviate oxidative and nitrosative stress on the basis of multienzymes-mimicking activity, but also exert positive effects on immunization, inflammation, autophagy, protein aggregation, which provides the foundation for multifaceted treatments. This review will summarize various types of nanocatalysts and further provides a valuable discussion on multifaceted treatment by nanozymes for neurological diseases, which is anticipated to provide an easily accessible guide to the key opportunities and current challenges of the nanozymes-mediated treatments for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxing Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China
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21
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Microemulsion-Based Media in Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020201. [PMID: 33540856 PMCID: PMC7912993 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nose-to-brain drug delivery has recently attracted enormous attention as an alternative to other delivery routes, including the most popular oral one. Due to the unique anatomical features of the nasal cavity, drugs administered intranasally can be delivered directly to the central nervous system. The most important advantage of this approach is the ability to avoid the blood-brain barrier surrounding the brain and blocking the entry of exogenous substances to the central nervous system. Moreover, selective brain targeting could possibly avoid peripheral side effects of pharmacotherapy. The challenges associated with nose-to-brain drug delivery are mostly due to the small volume of the nasal cavity and insufficient drug absorption from nasal mucosa. These issues could be minimized by using a properly designed drug carrier. Microemulsions as potential drug delivery systems offer good solubilizing properties and the ability to enhance drug permeation through biological membranes. The aim of this review is to summarize the current status of the research focused on microemulsion-based systems for nose-to-brain delivery with special attention to the most extensively investigated neurological and psychiatric conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, and schizophrenia.
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22
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Janic B, Brown SL, Neff R, Liu F, Mao G, Chen Y, Jackson L, Chetty IJ, Movsas B, Wen N. Therapeutic enhancement of radiation and immunomodulation by gold nanoparticles in triple negative breast cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2021; 22:124-135. [PMID: 33459132 PMCID: PMC7928016 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1861923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been shown to enhance cancer radiotherapy (RT) gain by localizing the absorption of radiation energy in the tumor while sparing surrounding normal tissue from radiation toxicity. Previously, we showed that AuNPs enhanced RT induced DNA damage and cytotoxicity in MCF7 breast cancer cells. Interestingly, we found that cancer cells exhibited a size-dependent AuNPs intracellular localization (4 nm preferentially in the cytoplasm and 14 nm in the nucleus). We extended those studies to an in vivo model and examined the AuNPs effects on RT cytotoxicity, survival and immunomodulation of tumor microenvironment (TME) in human triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) xenograft mouse model. We also explored the significance of nanoparticle size in these AuNPs’ effects. Mice treated with RT and RT plus 4 nm or 14 nm AuNPs showed a significant tumor growth delay, compared to untreated animals, while dual RT plus AuNPs treatment exhibited additive effect compared to either RT or AuNPs treatment alone. Survival log-rank test showed significant RT enhancement with 14 nm AuNP alone; however, 4 nm AuNPs did not exhibit RT enhancement. Both sizes of AuNPs enhanced RT induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) that was coupled with significant macrophage infiltration in mice pretreated with 14 nm AuNPs. These results showing significant AuNP size-dependent RT enhancement, as evident by both tumor growth delay and overall survival, reveal additional underlying immunological mechanisms and provide a platform for studying RT multimodal approaches for TNBC that may be combined with immunotherapies, enhancing their effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen L Brown
- Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ryan Neff
- University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana, USA
| | - Fangchao Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Guangzhao Mao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,School of Chemical Engineering, Unsw Sydney, Kensington, Australia
| | - Yalei Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Latoya Jackson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Indrin J Chetty
- Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Benjamin Movsas
- Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ning Wen
- Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Lin Y, Wan Y, Du X, Li J, Wei J, Li T, Li C, Liu Z, Zhou M, Zhong Z. TAT-modified serum albumin nanoparticles for sustained-release of tetramethylpyrazine and improved targeting to spinal cord injury. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:28. [PMID: 33478501 PMCID: PMC7819157 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00766-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal Cord injury (SCI) is a kind of severe traumatic disease. The inflammatory response is a significant feature after SCI. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), a perennial herb of umbelliferae, is an alkaloid extracted from ligustici. TMP can inhibit the production of nitric oxide and reduce the inflammatory response in peripheral tissues. It can be seen that the therapeutic effect of TMP on SCI is worthy of affirmation. TMP has defects such as short half-life and poor water-solubility. In addition, the commonly used dosage forms of TMP include tablets, dropping pills, injections, etc., and its tissue and organ targeting is still a difficult problem to solve. To improve the solubility and targeting of TMP, here, we developed a nanotechnology-based drug delivery system, TMP-loaded nanoparticles modified with HIV trans-activator of transcription (TAT-TMP-NPs). RESULTS The nanoparticles prepared in this study has integrated structure. The hemolysis rate of each group is less than 5%, indicating that the target drug delivery system has good safety. The results of in vivo pharmacokinetic studies show that TAT-TMP-NPs improves the bioavailability of TMP. The quantitative results of drug distribution in vivo show that TAT-TMP-NPs is more distributed in spinal cord tissue and had higher tissue targeting ability compared with other treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS The target drug delivery system can overcome the defect of low solubility of TMP, achieve the targeting ability, and show the further clinical application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yujie Wan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingjie Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunhong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhongbing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Meiling Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhirong Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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24
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Abstract
Wheat germ agglutinin is a hevein class N-Acetylglucosamine–binding protein with specific toxicity and biomedical potential. It is extractable from wheat germ—a low-value byproduct of the wheat industry—using well–established extraction methods based on salt precipitation and affinity chromatography. Due to its N-Acetylglucosamine affinity, wheat germ agglutinin exhibits antifungal properties as well as cytotoxic properties. Its anticancer properties have been demonstrated for various cancer cells, and toxicity mechanisms are well described. Wheat germ agglutinin has been demonstrated as a viable solution for various biomedical and therapeutic applications, such as chemotherapy, targeted drug delivery, antibiotic-resistant bacteria monitoring and elimination. This is performed mostly in conjunction with nanoparticles, liposomes, and other carrier mechanisms via surface functionalization. Combined with abundant wheat byproduct sources, wheat germ agglutinin has the potential to improve the biomedical field considerably.
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25
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Rosa B. Equine Drug Transporters: A Mini-Review and Veterinary Perspective. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111064. [PMID: 33171593 PMCID: PMC7695171 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenobiotic transport proteins play an important role in determining drug disposition and pharmacokinetics. Our understanding of the role of these important proteins in humans and pre-clinical animal species has increased substantially over the past few decades, and has had an important impact on human medicine; however, veterinary medicine has not benefitted from the same quantity of research into drug transporters in species of veterinary interest. Differences in transporter expression cause difficulties in extrapolation of drug pharmacokinetic parameters between species, and lack of knowledge of species-specific transporter distribution and function can lead to drug–drug interactions and adverse effects. Horses are one species in which little is known about drug transport and transporter protein expression. The purpose of this mini-review is to stimulate interest in equine drug transport proteins and comparative transporter physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brielle Rosa
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, TRW 2D01, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
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26
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Wang Z, Dong J, Zhao Q, Ying Y, Zhang L, Zou J, Zhao S, Wang J, Zhao Y, Jiang S. Gold nanoparticle‑mediated delivery of paclitaxel and nucleic acids for cancer therapy (Review). Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4475-4484. [PMID: 33173972 PMCID: PMC7646735 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel is a potent antineoplastic agent, but poor solubility and resistance have limited its use. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are widely studied as drug carriers because they can be engineered to prevent drug insolubility, carry nucleic acid payloads for gene therapy, target specific tumor cell lines, modulate drug release and amplify photothermal therapy. Consequently, the conjugation of paclitaxel with AuNPs to improve antiproliferative and pro‑apoptotic potency may enable improved clinical outcomes. There are currently a number of different AuNPs under development, including simple drug or nucleic acid carriers and targeted AuNPs that are designed to deliver therapeutic payloads to specific cells. The current study reviewed previous research on AuNPs and the development of AuNP‑based paclitaxel delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Wang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Jianyu Dong
- Breast Center, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Qiaojiajie Zhao
- Institute of Hematological Research, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Ying
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogens and Molecular Pathology and Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- Institute of Hematological Research, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, P.R. China
| | - Junrong Zou
- Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gan'nan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341001, P.R. China
| | - Shuqi Zhao
- Institute of Hematological Research, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, P.R. China
| | - Jiuju Wang
- Institute of Hematological Research, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Institute of Hematological Research, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- Institute of Hematological Research, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, P.R. China
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27
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Liu F, Zhang Y, Schafer J, Mao G, Goshgarian HG. Diaphragmatic recovery in rats with cervical spinal cord injury induced by a theophylline nanoconjugate: Challenges for clinical use. J Spinal Cord Med 2019; 42:725-734. [PMID: 30843479 PMCID: PMC6830233 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2019.1577058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Following a spinal cord hemisection at the second cervical segment the ipsilateral hemidiaphragm is paralyzed due to the disruption of the rostral ventral respiratory group (rVRG) axons descending to the ipsilateral phrenic motoneurons (PN). Systemically administered theophylline activates a functionally latent crossed phrenic pathway (CPP) which decussates caudal to the hemisection and activates phrenic motoneurons ipsilateral to the hemisection. The result is return of function to the paralyzed hemidiaphragm. Unfortunately, in humans, systemically administered theophylline at a therapeutic dose produces many unwanted side effects.Design and setting: A tripartite nanoconjugate was synthesized in which theophylline was coupled to a neuronal tracer, wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP), using gold nanoparticles as the coupler. Following intradiaphragmatic injection of the nanoconjugate, WGA-HRP selectively targets the theophylline-bound nanoconjugate to phrenic motoneurons initially, followed by neurons in the rVRG by retrograde transsynaptic transport.Participants: (N/A)Interventions: (N/A)Outcome Measures: Immunostaining, Electromyography (EMG).Results: Delivery of the theophylline-coupled nanoconjugate to the nuclei involved in respiration induces a return of respiratory activity as detected by EMG of the diaphragm and a modest return of phrenic nerve activity.Conclusion: In addition to the modest return of phrenic nerve activity, there were many difficulties using the theophylline nanoconjugate because of its chemical instability, which suggests that the theophylline nanoconjugate should not be developed for clinical use as explained herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangchao Liu
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michagan, USA
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michagan, USA
| | - Janelle Schafer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences (OVAS), School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michagan, USA
| | - Guangzhao Mao
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michagan, USA
| | - Harry G. Goshgarian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences (OVAS), School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michagan, USA,Correspondence to: Harry G. Goshgarian, Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences (OVAS), School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield Street, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Ph: 1-313-577-1045; 1-313-577-3125.
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28
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Grigore ME, Ion RM, Iancu L, Grigorescu RM. Tailored porphyrin–gold nanoparticles for biomedical applications. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s108842461930012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this review we present an updated survey of the main synthesis methods of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in order to obtain various tailored nanosystems for biomedical imaging. The synthesis approach significantly impacts on the AuNPs properties such as surface chemistry, biocompatibility and cytotoxicity. In recent years, nanomedicine emphasized the development of functionalized AuNPs for biomedical imaging. AuNPs are a good option for used as delivery photosensitizer agents for PDT of cancer. For example, the complex formed from AuNPs functionalized with PEGylate porphyrins presents several advantages in the medical field such as a better use in photodynamic therapy because of high triplet states and singlet oxygen quantum yield efficiency of porphyrin molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina E. Grigore
- “Evaluation and Conservation of Cultural Heritage” Research Group, ICECHIM Bucharest, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021, Romania
| | - Rodica-M. Ion
- “Evaluation and Conservation of Cultural Heritage” Research Group, ICECHIM Bucharest, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021, Romania
- Doctoral School of Materials Engineering, Valahia University of Targoviste, Aleea Sinaia, No. 13, 130005, Romania
| | - Lorena Iancu
- “Evaluation and Conservation of Cultural Heritage” Research Group, ICECHIM Bucharest, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021, Romania
- Doctoral School of Materials Engineering, Valahia University of Targoviste, Aleea Sinaia, No. 13, 130005, Romania
| | - Ramona M. Grigorescu
- “Evaluation and Conservation of Cultural Heritage” Research Group, ICECHIM Bucharest, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021, Romania
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29
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Khan HA, Alamery S, Ibrahim KE, El-Nagar DM, Al-Harbi N, Rusop M, Alrokayan SH. Size and time-dependent induction of proinflammatory cytokines expression in brains of mice treated with gold nanoparticles. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:625-631. [PMID: 30899181 PMCID: PMC6408702 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are among the ideal nano-sized materials for medical applications such as imaging and drug delivery. Considering the significance of recent reports on acute phase induction of inflammatory mediators by GNPs, we studied the effect of GNPs on proinflammatory cytokines gene expression in mouse brain. Group 1 served as control whereas groups 2-4 were given only one intraperitoneal dose of 5, 20 and 50 nm GNPs, respectively and sacrificed after 24 h. The animals in groups 5-7 also received the same treatment but sacrificed after 7 days. Groups 8-10 received two injections of GNPs (5, 20 and 50 nm, respectively), first at the beginning of study and second on day 6, and sacrificed on day 7. Total RNA was extracted from the cerebral tissue and analyzed for the gene expressions of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. A single injection of 5 nm diameter GNPs significantly increased the mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-6 in mouse brain on day 7, which was not augmented by the second dose of the same GNPs. Larger size GNPs (20 nm and 50 nm) did not cause any significant change in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in mouse brain. In conclusion, systemic administration of small sized GNPs (5 nm) induced a proinflammatory cascade in mouse brain indicating a crucial role of GNPs size on immune response. It is important to use the right sized GNPs in order to avoid an acute phase inflammatory response that could be cytotoxic or interfere with the bioavailability of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseeb A. Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman Alamery
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid E. Ibrahim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa M. El-Nagar
- Department of Zoology, College of Girls for Science, Arts and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Najla Al-Harbi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad Rusop
- NANO-Electronic Centre, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Salman H. Alrokayan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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30
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Abstract
Treatment of certain central nervous system disorders, including different types of cerebral malignancies, is limited by traditional oral or systemic administrations of therapeutic drugs due to possible serious side effects and/or lack of the brain penetration and, therefore, the efficacy of the drugs is diminished. During the last decade, several new technologies were developed to overcome barrier properties of cerebral capillaries. This review gives a short overview of the structural elements and anatomical features of the blood–brain barrier. The various in vitro (static and dynamic), in vivo (microdialysis), and in situ (brain perfusion) blood–brain barrier models are also presented. The drug formulations and administration options to deliver molecules effectively to the central nervous system (CNS) are presented. Nanocarriers, nanoparticles (lipid, polymeric, magnetic, gold, and carbon based nanoparticles, dendrimers, etc.), viral and peptid vectors and shuttles, sonoporation and microbubbles are briefly shown. The modulation of receptors and efflux transporters in the cell membrane can also be an effective approach to enhance brain exposure to therapeutic compounds. Intranasal administration is a noninvasive delivery route to bypass the blood–brain barrier, while direct brain administration is an invasive mode to target the brain region with therapeutic drug concentrations locally. Nowadays, both technological and mechanistic tools are available to assist in overcoming the blood–brain barrier. With these techniques more effective and even safer drugs can be developed for the treatment of devastating brain disorders.
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31
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Karthivashan G, Ganesan P, Park SY, Kim JS, Choi DK. Therapeutic strategies and nano-drug delivery applications in management of ageing Alzheimer's disease. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:307-320. [PMID: 29350055 PMCID: PMC6058502 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1428243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the incidental rate of neurodegenerative disorders has increased proportionately with the aging population. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most commonly reported neurodegenerative disorders, and it is estimated to increase by roughly 30% among the aged population. In spite of screening numerous drug candidates against various molecular targets of AD, only a few candidates - such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are currently utilized as an effective clinical therapy. However, targeted drug delivery of these drugs to the central nervous system (CNS) exhibits several limitations including meager solubility, low bioavailability, and reduced efficiency due to the impediments of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Current advances in nanotechnology present opportunities to overcome such limitations in delivering active drug candidates. Nanodrug delivery systems are promising in targeting several therapeutic moieties by easing the penetration of drug molecules across the CNS and improving their bioavailability. Recently, a wide range of nano-carriers, such as polymers, emulsions, lipo-carriers, solid lipid carriers, carbon nanotubes, metal based carriers etc., have been adapted to develop successful therapeutics with sustained release and improved efficacy. Here, we discuss few recently updated nano-drug delivery applications that have been adapted in the field of AD therapeutics, and future prospects on potential molecular targets for nano-drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindarajan Karthivashan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Palanivel Ganesan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
- Nanotechnology research center, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Young Park
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate school of Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Soo Kim
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate school of Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate school of Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
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32
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Pudlarz A, Szemraj J. Nanoparticles as Carriers of Proteins, Peptides and Other Therapeutic Molecules. Open Life Sci 2018; 13:285-298. [PMID: 33817095 PMCID: PMC7874720 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2018-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles have many applications both in industry and medicine. Depending upon their physical and chemical properties, they can be used as carriers of therapeutic molecules or as therapeutics. Nanoparticles are made of synthetic or natural polymers, lipids or metals. Their use allows for faster transport to the place of action, thus prolonging its presence in the body and limiting side effects. In addition, the use of such a drug delivery system protects the drug from rapid disintegration and elimination from the body. In recent years, the use of proteins and peptides as therapeutic molecules has grown significantly. Unfortunately, proteins are subject to enzymatic digestion and can cause unwanted immune response beyond therapeutic action. The use of drug carriers can minimize undesirable side effects and reduce the dose of medication needed to achieve the therapeutic effect. The current study presents the use of several selected drug delivery systems for the delivery of proteins, peptides and other therapeutic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Pudlarz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- E-mail:
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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33
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Lu Q, Cai X, Zhang X, Li S, Song Y, Du D, Dutta P, Lin Y. Synthetic Polymer Nanoparticles Functionalized with Different Ligands for Receptor-mediated Transcytosis across Blood-Brain Barrier. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:1687-1694. [PMID: 31815251 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticles have been investigated as biocompatible and promising nano-carriers to deliver drugs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, most of the polymeric nanoparticles cannot be observed without attaching them with fluorescent dyes. Generally complex synthesis process is required to attach fluorescent dye tracing molecules with drug carrier nanoparticles. In this paper, we synthesized a novel fluorescent polymer based on poly [Triphenylamine-4-vinyl-(P-methoxy-benzene)] (TEB). This polymer was prepared from TEB polymer through coprecipitation. Furthermore, three types of ligands, transferrin (TfR), lactoferrin (LfR) and lipoprotein (LRP), were covalently attached on the nanoparticle surface to improve the BBB transport efficiency. All of prepared TEB-based nanoparticles were biocompatible, exhibited excellent fluorescence properties and could be observed in vivo. The transcellular transportation of these TEB-based nanoparticles across the BBB was evaluated by observing the fluorescent intensity. The translocation study was performed in an in vitro BBB model that were constructed based on mouse cerebral endothelial cells (bEnd.3). The results showed that ligand-coated TEB nanoparticles can be transported across BBB with high efficiencies (up to 29.02%). This is the first time that the fluorescent TEB nanoparticles were applied as nano-carriers for transport across the BBB. Such fluorescent polymeric nanoparticles have the potential applications in brain imaging or drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Lu
- School of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, United States
| | - Xiaoli Cai
- School of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, United States
| | - Xian Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, United States
| | - Suiqiong Li
- School of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, United States
| | - Yang Song
- School of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, United States
| | - Dan Du
- School of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, United States
| | - Prashanta Dutta
- School of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, United States
| | - Yuehe Lin
- School of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, United States
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34
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Saadat N, Liu F, Haynes B, Nangia-Makker P, Bao X, Li J, Polin LA, Gupta S, Mao G, Shekhar MP. Nano-delivery of RAD6/Translesion Synthesis Inhibitor SMI#9 for Triple-negative Breast Cancer Therapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:2586-2597. [PMID: 30242094 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype, regardless of their BRCA1 status, has the poorest outcome compared with other breast cancer subtypes, and currently there are no approved targeted therapies for TNBC. We have previously demonstrated the importance of RAD6-mediated translesion synthesis pathway in TNBC development/progression and chemoresistance, and the potential therapeutic benefit of targeting RAD6 with a RAD6-selective small-molecule inhibitor, SMI#9. To overcome SMI#9 solubility limitations, we recently developed a gold nanoparticle (GNP)-based platform for conjugation and intracellular release of SMI#9, and demonstrated its in vitro cytotoxic activity toward TNBC cells. Here, we characterized the in vivo pharmacokinetic and therapeutic properties of PEGylated GNP-conjugated SMI#9 in BRCA1 wild-type and BRCA1-mutant TNBC xenograft models, and investigated the impact of RAD6 inhibition on TNBC metabolism by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. GNP conjugation allowed the released SMI#9 to achieve higher systemic exposure and longer retention as compared with the unconjugated drug. Systemically administered SMI#9-GNP inhibited the TNBC growth as effectively as intratumorally injected unconjugated SMI#9. Inductively coupled mass spectrometry analysis showed highest GNP concentrations in tumors and liver of SMI#9-GNP and blank-GNP-treated mice; however, tumor growth inhibition occurred only in the SMI#9-GNP-treated group. SMI#9-GNP was tolerated without overt signs of toxicity. SMI#9-induced sensitization was associated with perturbation of a common set of glycolytic pathways in BRCA1 wild-type and BRCA1-mutant TNBC cells. These data reveal novel SMI#9 sensitive markers of metabolic vulnerability for TNBC management and suggest that nanotherapy-mediated RAD6 inhibition offers a promising strategy for TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Saadat
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Fangchao Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University College of Engineering, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Brittany Haynes
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Pratima Nangia-Makker
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Xun Bao
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jing Li
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Lisa A Polin
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Smiti Gupta
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Wayne State University College of Liberal Arts and Science, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Guangzhao Mao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University College of Engineering, Detroit, Michigan.
| | - Malathy P Shekhar
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan. .,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
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35
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Rizvi SMD, Hussain T, Ahmed ABF, Alshammari TM, Moin A, Ahmed MQ, Barreto GE, Kamal MA, Ashraf GM. Gold nanoparticles: A plausible tool to combat neurological bacterial infections in humans. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:7-18. [PMID: 30075371 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Management of bacterial infections of central nervous system is a major challenge for the scientists all over the world. Despite the development of various potential drugs, the issue of central nervous system infections persists in the society. The main constraint is the delivery of drugs across the blood brain barrier and only a few drugs after meeting the stringent criteria could cross the blood brain barrier. On the other hand, certain bacterial pathogens could easily enter the brain by using several factors and mechanisms by crossing the blood brain barriers. Interestingly, in the recent past, gold nanoparticles have shown immense potential to overcome the issues associated with the treatment of central nervous system infections, especially due to their inherent ability to cross the blood brain barrier. Initially, the present review summarized the recent updates on the pathogenesis and factors involved in neurological bacterial infections, including the mechanism used by bacterial pathogens to cross the blood brain barriers. Thereafter, the emphasis of the review was on providing current information on gold nanoparticles pertinent to their applicability for the treatment of neurological infections. After discussing the background of neurological bacterial infections, the characteristic features, antibacterial properties, mechanisms of antibacterial action and ability to cross the blood brain barrier of gold nanoparticles have been summarized. Some of the features of gold nanoparticles that make them an ideal candidate for brain delivery are biocompatibity, stability, ability to get synthesized in different sizes with facile methods, surface affinity towards various functional groups, spontaneous crossing of blood brain barrier without applying any external field and most importantly, easy non-invasive tracing by CT imaging. The current updates on the development of gold nanoparticles based therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of central nervous system infections have been discussed in the present study. However, further investigation would be required to translate these preclinical outcomes into clinical applications. Nevertheless, we could safely state that the information gathered and discussed in the present review would benefit the scientists working in the field of neuro-nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Mohd Danish Rizvi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Talib Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abo Bakr Fathy Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamir M Alshammari
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afrasim Moin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Qumani Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine,University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C, Colombia; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mohammad Ajmal Kamal
- Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Sydney, Australia; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia; King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Ceña V, Játiva P. Nanoparticle crossing of blood–brain barrier: a road to new therapeutic approaches to central nervous system diseases. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:1513-1516. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valentín Ceña
- Unidad Asociada Neurodeath, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Játiva
- Unidad Asociada Neurodeath, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Spicer CD, Jumeaux C, Gupta B, Stevens MM. Peptide and protein nanoparticle conjugates: versatile platforms for biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:3574-3620. [PMID: 29479622 PMCID: PMC6386136 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00877e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Peptide- and protein-nanoparticle conjugates have emerged as powerful tools for biomedical applications, enabling the treatment, diagnosis, and prevention of disease. In this review, we focus on the key roles played by peptides and proteins in improving, controlling, and defining the performance of nanotechnologies. Within this framework, we provide a comprehensive overview of the key sequences and structures utilised to provide biological and physical stability to nano-constructs, direct particles to their target and influence their cellular and tissue distribution, induce and control biological responses, and form polypeptide self-assembled nanoparticles. In doing so, we highlight the great advances made by the field, as well as the challenges still faced in achieving the clinical translation of peptide- and protein-functionalised nano-drug delivery vehicles, imaging species, and active therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Spicer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles Väg 2, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Zhou Y, Peng Z, Seven ES, Leblanc RM. Crossing the blood-brain barrier with nanoparticles. J Control Release 2017; 270:290-303. [PMID: 29269142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is one of the most essential protection mechanisms in the central nervous system (CNS). It selectively allows individual molecules such as small lipid-soluble molecules to pass through the capillary endothelial membrane while limiting the passage of pathogens or toxins. However, this protection mechanism is also a major obstacle during disease state since it dramatically hinders the drug delivery. In recent years, various tactics have been applied to assist drugs to cross the BBB including osmotic disruption of the BBB and chemical modification of prodrugs. Additionally, nanoparticles (NPs)-mediated drug delivery is emerging as an effective and non-invasive system to treat cerebral diseases. In this review, we will summarize and analyze the advances in the drug delivery across the BBB using various NPs in the last decade. The NPs will cover both traditional and novel nanocarriers. The traditional nanocarriers consist of poly(butylcyanoacrylate), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), poly(lactic acid) NPs, liposomes and inorganic systems. In the meanwhile, novel nanocarriers such as carbon quantum dots with their recent applications in drug delivery will also be introduced. In terms of significance, this review clearly depicts the BBB structure and comprehensively describes various NPs-mediated drug delivery systems according to different NPs species. Also, the BBB penetration mechanisms are concluded in general, emphasized and investigated in each drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Zhili Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA; College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, PR China
| | - Elif S Seven
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
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Tsou YH, Zhang XQ, Zhu H, Syed S, Xu X. Drug Delivery to the Brain across the Blood-Brain Barrier Using Nanomaterials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1701921. [PMID: 29045030 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A major obstacle facing brain diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, brain tumors, and strokes is the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB prevents the passage of certain molecules and pathogens from the circulatory system into the brain. Therefore, it is nearly impossible for therapeutic drugs to target the diseased cells without the assistance of carriers. Nanotechnology is an area of growing public interest; nanocarriers, such as polymer-based, lipid-based, and inorganic-based nanoparticles can be engineered in different sizes, shapes, and surface charges, and they can be modified with functional groups to enhance their penetration and targeting capabilities. Hence, understanding the interaction between nanomaterials and the BBB is crucial. In this Review, the components and properties of the BBB are revisited and the types of nanocarriers that are most commonly used for brain drug delivery are discussed. The properties of the nanocarriers and the factors that affect drug delivery across the BBB are elaborated upon in this review. Additionally, the most recent developments of nanoformulations and nonconventional drug delivery strategies are highlighted. Finally, challenges and considerations for the development of brain targeting nanomedicines are discussed. The overall objective is to broaden the understanding of the design and to develop nanomedicines for the treatment of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Hao Tsou
- Department of Chemical Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Xue-Qing Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Chemical Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Sahla Syed
- Department of Chemical Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- Department of Chemical Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
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Jurj A, Braicu C, Pop LA, Tomuleasa C, Gherman CD, Berindan-Neagoe I. The new era of nanotechnology, an alternative to change cancer treatment. Drug Des Devel Ther 2017; 11:2871-2890. [PMID: 29033548 PMCID: PMC5628667 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s142337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, nanostructures have gained considerable interest for the safe delivery of therapeutic agents. Several therapeutic approaches have been reported, such as molecular diagnosis, disease detection, nanoscale immunotherapy and anticancer drug delivery that could be integrated into clinical use. The current paper aims to highlight the background that supports the use of nanoparticles conjugated with different types of therapeutic agents, applicable in targeted therapy and cancer research, with a special emphasis on hematological malignancies. A particular key point is the functional characterization of nonviral delivery systems, such as gold nanoparticles, liposomes and dendrimers. The paper also presents relevant published data related to microRNA and RNA interference delivery using nanoparticles in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ancuta Jurj
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu-Hatieganu”, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu-Hatieganu”, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laura-Ancuta Pop
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu-Hatieganu”, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu-Hatieganu”, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Hematology, The Oncology Institute “Prof Dr Ion Chiricuta”, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Claudia Diana Gherman
- Practical Abilities, Department of Medical Education, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu-Hatieganu”, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Medical Education, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu-Hatieganu”, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute “Prof Dr Ion Chiricuta”, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu-Hatieganu”, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Li Y, Wang Y, Tu L, Chen D, Luo Z, Liu D, Miao Z, Feng G, Qing L, Wang S. Sub-Acute Toxicity Study of Graphene Oxide in the Sprague-Dawley Rat. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:E1149. [PMID: 27869683 PMCID: PMC5129359 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13111149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is an oxidized derivative of graphene used in biotechnology and medicine. The safety of GO is uncertain, so we evaluated its toxicity in male rats. Rat tail veins were injected with 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg GO for seven days and behavioral patterns, pathology, and tissue morphology were assessed. Data show that behaviors were not altered according to an open field test and a functional observational battery test, but histopathological analysis indicated that GO caused inflammation of the lung, liver, and spleen. GO also reduced cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL). No other organs were modified. Thus, high concentrations of GO are toxic for the lung, liver, and spleen, but the mechanism by which this occurs requires more study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbo Li
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Liu Tu
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Di Chen
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Zhi Luo
- Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Dengyuan Liu
- Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Zhuang Miao
- Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Gang Feng
- Pediatric Specialty of Clinical Medicine, Academy of Pediatrics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Li Qing
- The First Clinical College of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Shali Wang
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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