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Santiago MJ, Chinnapaiyan S, Panda K, Rahman MS, Ghorai S, Rahman I, Black SM, Liu Y, Unwalla HJ. Altered Host microRNAomics in HIV Infections: Therapeutic Potentials and Limitations. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8809. [PMID: 39201495 PMCID: PMC11354509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
microRNAs have emerged as essential regulators of health and disease, attracting significant attention from researchers across diverse disciplines. Following their identification as noncoding oligonucleotides intricately involved in post-transcriptional regulation of protein expression, extensive efforts were devoted to elucidating and validating their roles in fundamental metabolic pathways and multiple pathologies. Viral infections are significant modifiers of the host microRNAome. Specifically, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which affects approximately 39 million people worldwide and has no definitive cure, was reported to induce significant changes in host cell miRNA profiles. Identifying and understanding the effects of the aberrant microRNAome holds potential for early detection and therapeutic designs. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the impact of HIV on host microRNAome. We aim to review the cause-and-effect relationship between the HIV-induced aberrant microRNAome that underscores miRNA's therapeutic potential and acknowledge its limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Santiago
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biochemistry Ph.D. Program, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.J.S.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (S.C.); (K.P.); (M.S.R.); (S.G.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Srinivasan Chinnapaiyan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (S.C.); (K.P.); (M.S.R.); (S.G.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Kingshuk Panda
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (S.C.); (K.P.); (M.S.R.); (S.G.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Md. Sohanur Rahman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (S.C.); (K.P.); (M.S.R.); (S.G.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Suvankar Ghorai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (S.C.); (K.P.); (M.S.R.); (S.G.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Stephen M. Black
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (S.C.); (K.P.); (M.S.R.); (S.G.); (S.M.B.)
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biochemistry Ph.D. Program, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.J.S.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Hoshang J. Unwalla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biochemistry Ph.D. Program, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.J.S.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (S.C.); (K.P.); (M.S.R.); (S.G.); (S.M.B.)
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Hu A, Zaongo SD, Harypursat V, Wang X, Ouyang J, Chen Y. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder: key implications of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1428239. [PMID: 39155987 PMCID: PMC11327151 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1428239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is now recognized to be relatively common in people living with HIV (PLWH), and remains a common cause of cognitive impairment. Unfortunately, the fundamental pathogenic processes underlying this specific outcome of HIV infection have not as yet been fully elucidated. With increased interest in research related to the microbiota-gut-brain axis, the gut-brain axis has been shown to play critical roles in regulating central nervous system disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. PLWH are characterized by a particular affliction, referred to as gut-associated dysbiosis syndrome, which provokes an alteration in microbial composition and diversity, and of their associated metabolite composition within the gut. Interestingly, the gut microbiota has also been recognized as a key element, which both positively and negatively influences human brain health, including the functioning and development of the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, based on published evidence, we critically discuss the relevant interactions between the microbiota-gut-brain axis and the pathogenesis of HAND in the context of HIV infection. It is likely that HAND manifestation in PLWH mainly results from (i) gut-associated dysbiosis syndrome and a leaky gut on the one hand and (ii) inflammation on the other hand. In other words, the preceding features of HIV infection negatively alter the composition of the gut microbiota (microbes and their associated metabolites) and promote proinflammatory immune responses which singularly or in tandem damage neurons and/or induce inadequate neuronal signaling. Thus, HAND is fairly prevalent in PLWH. This work aims to demonstrate that in the quest to prevent and possibly treat HAND, the gut microbiota may ultimately represent a therapeutically targetable "host factor."
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhen Hu
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Silvere D. Zaongo
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Vijay Harypursat
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Chonggang General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Ouyang
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaokai Chen
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
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Trøseid M, Nielsen SD, Vujkovic-Cvijin I. Gut microbiome and cardiometabolic comorbidities in people living with HIV. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:106. [PMID: 38877521 PMCID: PMC11177534 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01815-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite modern antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with HIV (PLWH) have increased relative risk of inflammatory-driven comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). The gut microbiome could be one of several driving factors, along with traditional risk factors and HIV-related risk factors such as coinfections, ART toxicity, and past immunodeficiency. RESULTS PLWH have an altered gut microbiome, even after adjustment for known confounding factors including sexual preference. The HIV-related microbiome has been associated with cardiometabolic comorbidities, and shares features with CVD-related microbiota profiles, in particular reduced capacity for short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) generation. Substantial inter-individual variation has so far been an obstacle for applying microbiota profiles for risk stratification. This review covers updated knowledge and recent advances in our understanding of the gut microbiome and comorbidities in PLWH, with specific focus on cardiometabolic comorbidities and inflammation. It covers a comprehensive overview of HIV-related and comorbidity-related dysbiosis, microbial translocation, and microbiota-derived metabolites. It also contains recent data from studies in PLWH on circulating metabolites related to comorbidities and underlying gut microbiota alterations, including circulating levels of the SCFA propionate, the histidine-analogue imidazole propionate, and the protective metabolite indole-3-propionic acid. CONCLUSIONS Despite recent advances, the gut microbiome and related metabolites are not yet established as biomarkers or therapeutic targets. The review gives directions for future research needed to advance the field into clinical practice, including promises and pitfalls for precision medicine. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Trøseid
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
- Section for Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Susanne Dam Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen Oe, 2100, Denmark
| | - Ivan Vujkovic-Cvijin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- F. Widjaja Inflammatory Bowel Disease Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Zhou J, Yang Y, Xie Z, Lu D, Huang J, Lan L, Guo B, Yang X, Wang Q, Li Z, Zhang Y, Yang X, Ai S, Liu N, Cui P, Liang H, Ye L, Huang J. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota and metabolites during AIDS: implications for CD4 + T cell reduction and immune activation. AIDS 2024; 38:633-644. [PMID: 38061029 PMCID: PMC10942204 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identifying the gut microbiota associated with host immunity in the AIDS stage. DESIGN We performed a cross-sectional study. METHODS We recruited people with HIV (PWH) in the AIDS or non-AIDS stage and evaluated their gut microbiota and metabolites by using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Machine learning models were used to analyze the correlations between key bacteria and CD4 + T cell count, CD4 + T cell activation, bacterial translocation, gut metabolites, and KEGG functional pathways. RESULTS We recruited 114 PWH in the AIDS stage and 203 PWH in the non-AIDS stage. The α-diversity of gut microbiota was downregulated in the AIDS stage ( P < 0.05). Several machine learning models could be used to identify key gut microbiota associated with AIDS, including the logistic regression model with area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and Brier scores of 0.854, 0.813, 0.813, and 0.160, respectively. The decreased key bacteria ASV1 ( Bacteroides sp.), ASV8 ( Fusobacterium sp.), ASV30 ( Roseburia sp.), ASV37 ( Bacteroides sp.), and ASV41 ( Lactobacillus sp.) in the AIDS stage were positively correlated with the CD4 + T cell count, the EndoCAb IgM level, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid abundance, and the predicted cell growth pathway, and negatively correlated with the CD3 + CD4 + CD38 + HLA-DR + T cell count and the sCD14 level. CONCLUSION Machine learning has the potential to recognize key gut microbiota related to AIDS. The key five bacteria in the AIDS stage and their metabolites might be related to CD4 + T cell reduction and immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease
| | - Yuecong Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease
| | | | - Dongjia Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease
| | | | - Liuyang Lan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease
| | - Baodong Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease
| | - Xiping Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease
| | - Qing Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease
| | - Zhuoxin Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease
| | - Yu Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease
| | - Xing Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease
| | - Sufang Ai
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning
| | | | - Ping Cui
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hao Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Ye
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiegang Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease
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Moreno E, Ron R, Serrano-Villar S. The microbiota as a modulator of mucosal inflammation and HIV/HPV pathogenesis: From association to causation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1072655. [PMID: 36756132 PMCID: PMC9900135 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1072655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the microbiota has largely been associated with the pathogenesis of viral infections, most studies using omics techniques are correlational and hypothesis-generating. The mechanisms affecting the immune responses to viral infections are still being fully understood. Here we focus on the two most important sexually transmitted persistent viruses, HPV and HIV. Sophisticated omics techniques are boosting our ability to understand microbiota-pathogen-host interactions from a functional perspective by surveying the host and bacterial protein and metabolite production using systems biology approaches. However, while these strategies have allowed describing interaction networks to identify potential novel microbiota-associated biomarkers or therapeutic targets to prevent or treat infectious diseases, the analyses are typically based on highly dimensional datasets -thousands of features in small cohorts of patients-. As a result, we are far from getting to their clinical use. Here we provide a broad overview of how the microbiota influences the immune responses to HIV and HPV disease. Furthermore, we highlight experimental approaches to understand better the microbiota-host-virus interactions that might increase our potential to identify biomarkers and therapeutic agents with clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Ron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Zhang Y, Xie Z, Zhou J, Li Y, Ning C, Su Q, Ye L, Ai S, Lai J, Pan P, Liu N, Liao Y, Su Q, Li Z, Liang H, Cui P, Huang J. The altered metabolites contributed by dysbiosis of gut microbiota are associated with microbial translocation and immune activation during HIV infection. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1020822. [PMID: 36685491 PMCID: PMC9845923 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1020822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The immune activation caused by microbial translocation has been considered to be a major driver of HIV infection progression. The dysbiosis of gut microbiota has been demonstrated in HIV infection, but the interplay between gut microbiota and its metabolites in the pathogenesis of HIV is seldom reported. Methods We conducted a case-controlled study including 41 AIDS patients, 39 pre-AIDS patients and 34 healthy controls. Both AIDS group and pre-AIDS group were divided according to clinical manifestations and CD4 + T cell count. We collected stool samples for 16S rDNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics analysis, and examined immune activation and microbial translocation for blood samples. Results The pre-AIDS and AIDS groups had higher levels of microbial translocation and immune activation. There were significant differences in gut microbiota and metabolites at different stages of HIV infection. Higher abundances of pathogenic bacteria or opportunistic pathogen, as well as lower abundances of butyrate-producing bacteria and bacteria with anti-inflammatory potential were associated with HIV severity. The metabolism of tryptophan was disordered after HIV infection. Lower level of anti-inflammatory metabolites and phosphonoacetate, and higher level of phenylethylamine and polyamines were observed in HIV infection. And microbial metabolic pathways related to altered metabolites differed. Moreover, disrupted metabolites contributed by altered microbiota were found to be correlated to microbial translocation and immune activation. Conclusions Metabolites caused by dysbiosis of gut microbiota and related metabolic function are correlated to immune activation and microbial translocation, suggesting that the effect of microbiota on metabolites is related to intestinal barrier disruption in HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment and Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, Nanning, China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Qinzhou, China
| | - Zhiman Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment and Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, Nanning, China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Chuanyi Ning
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment and Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, Nanning, China
| | - Qisi Su
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Li Ye
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment and Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, Nanning, China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Sufang Ai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Jingzhen Lai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment and Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, Nanning, China
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Peijiang Pan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment and Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, Nanning, China
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ningmei Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Yanyan Liao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment and Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, Nanning, China
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qijian Su
- The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Qinzhou, China
| | - Zhuoxin Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment and Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, Nanning, China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hao Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment and Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, Nanning, China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ping Cui
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment and Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, Nanning, China
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiegang Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment and Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, Nanning, China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Lian B, He S, Jiang H, Guo Y, Cui X, Jiang T, Su R, Chen Y, Zhao C, Zhang M, Hu Y, Ye H, Ning J, Xu X, Liu Q. Qin-Qiao-Xiao-Du formula alleviate influenza virus infectious pneumonia through regulation gut microbiota and metabolomics. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1032127. [PMID: 36313993 PMCID: PMC9614278 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1032127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Qin-Qiao-Xiao-Du (QQXD), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has been used in the clinical treatment of influenza virus pneumonia. However, the effects and mechanisms of QQXD on influenza virus pneumonia remain unknown. Therefore, this study explores the mechanisms of QQXD in the treatment of influenza virus pneumonia from the point of view of intestinal flora and metabolism. The results showed that QQXD was able to reduce mortality, weight loss, lung viral load, lung index, and lung injury in influenza virus mice. A cytokine array found that the QQXD attenuated the expression of serum IL-1α, IL-4, IL-12(P70), and TNF-α. Subsequently, 16s rRNA gene sequencing showed that QQXD could increase the relative abundances of Gemmiger, Anaerofustis, Adlercreutzia, and Streptococcus and decrease those of Dehalobacteriu, Burkholderia, Prevotella, Butyrimimonas, Delftia, and others. Meanwhile, targeted metabolic profiling analysis showed that QQXD could regulate nitrogen metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the regulatory effect of QQXD on the cyanoamino acid metabolism pathway was associated with changes in the abundance of Parabacteroides, Pediococcus, and Clostridium in influenza mice. In conclusion, our study revealed that QQXD can inhibit influenza virus replication, suppress cytokine storms, and protect mice from influenza virus infection pneumonia. The mechanisms are likely to be related to improved gut microbiota dysbiosis, increased intestinal carbohydrate metabolism, and up-regulated cyanoamino acid metabolism pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lian
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shasha He
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Guo
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xuran Cui
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Su
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxia Zhao
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Mina Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China,Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yahui Hu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Haoran Ye
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Ning
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Xiaolong Xu,
| | - Qingquan Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China,Qingquan Liu,
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8
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Fulcher JA, Li F, Tobin NH, Zabih S, Elliott J, Clark JL, D'Aquila R, Mustanski B, Kipke MD, Shoptaw S, Gorbach PM, Aldrovandi GM. Gut dysbiosis and inflammatory blood markers precede HIV with limited changes after early seroconversion. EBioMedicine 2022; 84:104286. [PMID: 36179550 PMCID: PMC9520213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in the gut microbiome have been associated with HIV infection, but the relative impact of HIV versus other factors on the gut microbiome has been difficult to determine in cross-sectional studies. METHODS To address this, we examined the gut microbiome, serum metabolome, and cytokines longitudinally within 27 individuals before and during acute HIV using samples collected from several ongoing cohort studies. Matched control participants (n=28) from the same cohort studies without HIV but at similar behavioral risk were used for comparison. FINDINGS We identified few changes in the microbiome during acute HIV infection, but did find alterations in serum metabolites involving secondary bile acid (lithocholate sulfate, glycocholenate sulfate) and amino acid metabolism (3-methyl-2-oxovalerate, serine, cysteine, N-acetylputrescine). Greater microbiome differences, including decreased Bacteroides spp and increased Megasphaera elsdenii, were seen when comparing pre-HIV infection visits to matched at-risk controls. Those who acquired HIV also had elevated inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, B cell activating factor, IL-8) and bioactive lipids (palmitoyl-sphingosine-phosphoethanolamide and glycerophosphoinositol) prior to HIV acquisition compared to matched controls. INTERPRETATION Longitudinal sampling identified pre-existing microbiome differences in participants with acute HIV compared to matched control participants observed over the same period. These data highlight the importance of increasing understanding of the role of the microbiome in HIV susceptibility. FUNDING This work was supported by NIH/NIAID (K08AI124979; P30AI117943), NIH/NIDA (U01DA036267; U01DA036939; U01DA036926; U24DA044554), and NIH/NIMH (P30MH058107; R34MH105272).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Fulcher
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.
| | - Fan Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nicole H Tobin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sara Zabih
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Julie Elliott
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jesse L Clark
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Richard D'Aquila
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Brian Mustanski
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Michele D Kipke
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Steven Shoptaw
- Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Pamina M Gorbach
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Grace M Aldrovandi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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9
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Kotey M, Alhassan Y, Adomako J, Nunoo-Mensah G, Kapadia F, Sarfo B. Chronic comorbidities in persons living with HIV within three years of exposure to antiretroviral therapy at Pantang Antiretroviral Center in Ghana: a retrospective study. Pan Afr Med J 2022; 42:294. [PMID: 36415339 PMCID: PMC9643783 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.42.294.35134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION uptake of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and retention in care are associated with increased life expectancy but increased the risk of comorbid conditions in persons living with HIV (PLWH) and taking antiretroviral drugs. This study describes comorbid conditions among PLWH in Ghana. METHODS PLWH (n=222) out of a sample population of 900, randomly selected at Pantang ART Center participated in the study from June to July of 2020. Socio-demographic characteristics, HIV biomarkers, medication type and adherence, and diagnostic confirmed chronic conditions were extracted from medical records of PLWH. Cox proportional-hazard models and Kaplan-Meier curves graphing risk of experiencing comorbid conditions were performed. Log-rank test was performed at p<0.05. RESULTS fifty three point two percent of PLWH (222) experienced a comorbid condition including, respiratory conditions (17.6%), anaemia (12.2%), hypertension (12.2%), cardiovascular diseases (10.8%),and neurological conditions (10.8%).Factors associated with some of these conditions were medication adherence (aHR=0.43, 95% CI: 0.21-0.90) and visual changes (aHR=2.64, 95% CI: 1.08-6.45) for respiratory conditions, age (aHR=10.03, 95% CI; 1.22-82.37) for hypertension, and World Health Organization (WHO) clinical stages (stage II (aHR=13.36, 95% CI=1.54-115.63) and III (aHR=11.71, 95% CI=1.41-97.26))for peripheral neuropathy. Kaplan-Meier curves show significant risk of comorbid conditions for age, CD4 count ≤350 cells/mm2, WHO clinical stages III and IV, and ART non-adherence. CONCLUSION understanding the types of comorbidities in PLWH is integral to providing feedback to primary care providers to monitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Kotey
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Yakubu Alhassan
- Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, School of Public Health, University of Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - James Adomako
- Department of Plant and Environmental Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Farzana Kapadia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Bismark Sarfo
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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10
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Park SY, Faraci G, Nanda S, Ter-Saakyan S, Love TMT, Mack WJ, Dubé MP, Lee HY. Gut microbiome in people living with HIV is associated with impaired thiamine and folate syntheses. Microb Pathog 2021; 160:105209. [PMID: 34563611 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
People living with HIV have a high incidence of cardiovascular and neurological diseases as comorbid disorders that are commonly linked to inflammation. While microbial translocation can augment inflammation during HIV infection, functional microbiome shifts that may increase pro-inflammatory responses have not been fully characterized. In addition, defining HIV-induced microbiome changes has been complicated by high variability among individuals. Here we conducted functional annotation of previously-published 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences of 305 HIV positive and 249 negative individuals, with adjustment for geographic region, sex, sexual behavior, and age. Metagenome profiles were inferred from these individuals' 16S data. HIV infection was associated with impaired microbial vitamin B synthesis; around half of the gene families in thiamine and folate biosynthesis pathways were significantly less abundant in the HIV positive group than the negative control. These results are consistent with the high prevalence of thiamine and folate deficiencies in HIV infections. These HIV-induced microbiota shifts have the potential to influence cardiovascular and neurocognitive diseases, given the documented associations between B-vitamin deficiencies, inflammation, and these diseases. We also observed that most essential amino acid biosynthesis pathways were downregulated in the microbiome of HIV-infected individuals. Microbial vitamin B and amino acid synthesis pathways were not significantly recovered by antiretroviral treatment when we compared 262 ART positive and 184 ART negative individuals. Our meta-analysis provides a new outlook for understanding vitamin B and amino acid deficiencies in HIV patients, suggesting that interventions for reversing HIV-induced microbiome shifts may aid in lessening the burdens of HIV comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Yong Park
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gina Faraci
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sayan Nanda
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sonia Ter-Saakyan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tanzy M T Love
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Wendy J Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael P Dubé
- Department of Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ha Youn Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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11
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Pearson JA, Voisey AC, Boest-Bjerg K, Wong FS, Wen L. Circadian Rhythm Modulation of Microbes During Health and Infection. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:721004. [PMID: 34512600 PMCID: PMC8430216 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.721004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms, referring to 24-h daily oscillations in biological and physiological processes, can significantly regulate host immunity to pathogens, as well as commensals, resulting in altered susceptibility to disease development. Furthermore, vaccination responses to microbes have also shown time-of-day-dependent changes in the magnitude of protective immune responses elicited in the host. Thus, understanding host circadian rhythm effects on both gut bacteria and viruses during infection is important to minimize adverse effects on health and identify optimal times for therapeutic administration to maximize therapeutic success. In this review, we summarize the circadian modulations of gut bacteria, viruses and their interactions, both in health and during infection. We also discuss the importance of chronotherapy (i.e., time-specific therapy) as a plausible therapeutic administration strategy to enhance beneficial therapeutic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Alexander Pearson
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Christopher Voisey
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Kathrine Boest-Bjerg
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - F. Susan Wong
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Li Wen
- Section of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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12
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Lu D, Zhang JB, Wang YX, Geng ST, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Li SY, Wang KH, Kuang YQ. Association between CD4 + T cell counts and gut microbiota and serum cytokines levels in HIV-infected immunological non-responders. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:742. [PMID: 34344350 PMCID: PMC8336095 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06491-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CD4+ T cell counts in certain human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients called immunological non-responders (INRs) could not return to a normal level even with sustained antiretroviral therapy (ART) because of persistent immune activation, which is associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines production and an altered intestinal microbiome profile. Changes in gut bacterial composition have been linked to low CD4+ T cell counts in HIV-infected individuals. However, the association between CD4+ T cell counts and gut microbiota community composition and cytokines levels in INRs (CD4+ T cell counts < 500 cells/μL) from Yunnan Province, China, has not been previously investigated.
Methods To address this issue, we carried out a cross-sectional study of 34 HIV-infected INRs. The patients were divided into CD4 count > 200 cells/μL group and CD4 count < 200 cells/μL group. The gut microbiota composition of each subject was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We also compared CD8+ T cell counts, pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, and nutritional status between the two groups. Results Compared to INRs with CD4 count > 200 cells/μL, those with CD4 count < 200 cells/μL had a lower CD4/CD8 ratio, lower nutritional status and higher serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon-γ-inducible protein (IP)-10 and interleukin (IL)-1α. Ruminococcaceae was less abundant in the CD4 count < 200 cells/μL group than in the CD4 count > 200 cells/μL group, and difference in alpha diversity was observed between the two groups. Moreover, CD4+ T cell counts were negatively associated with TNF-α and IL-1α levels and positively associated with the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that lower CD4+ T cell counts in INRs are associated with a reduced abundance of Ruminococcaceae in the gut and elevated serum pro-inflammatory cytokines levels. Thus, interventions targeting gut microbiota to increase CD4+ T cell counts are a potential strategy for promoting immune reconstitution in HIV-infected INRs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-06491-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Scientific Research Laboratory Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jian-Bo Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Second People's Hospital of Dali City, Dali, China
| | - Yue-Xin Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shi-Tao Geng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zunyue Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Scientific Research Laboratory Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shao-You Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Scientific Research Laboratory Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Kun-Hua Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, Yunnan, China. .,Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
| | - Yi-Qun Kuang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, Yunnan, China. .,Scientific Research Laboratory Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
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13
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Sainz T, Gosalbes MJ, Talavera A, Jimenez-Hernandez N, Prieto L, Escosa L, Guillén S, Ramos JT, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ, Moya A, Navarro ML, Mellado MJ, Serrano-Villar S. Effect of a Nutritional Intervention on the Intestinal Microbiota of Vertically HIV-Infected Children: The Pediabiota Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072112. [PMID: 32708743 PMCID: PMC7400861 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The gut microbiota exerts a critical influence in the immune system. The gut microbiota of human virus immunodeficiency (HIV)-infected children remains barely explored. We aimed to characterize the fecal microbiota in vertically HIV-infected children and to explore the effects of its modulation with a symbiotic nutritional intervention. METHODS a pilot, double blind, randomized placebo-controlled study including HIV-infected children who were randomized to receive a nutritional supplementation including prebiotics and probiotics or placebo for four weeks. HIV-uninfected siblings were recruited as controls. The V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced in fecal samples. RESULTS 22 HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and with viral load (VL) <50/mL completed the follow-up period. Mean age was 11.4 ± 3.4 years, eight (32%) were male. Their microbiota showed reduced alpha diversity compared to controls and distinct beta diversity at the genus level (Adonis p = 0.042). Patients showed decreased abundance of commensals Faecalibacterium and an increase in Prevotella, Akkermansia and Escherichia. The nutritional intervention shaped the microbiota towards the control group, without a clear directionality. CONCLUSIONS Vertical HIV infection is characterized by changes in gut microbiota structure, distinct at the compositional level from the findings reported in adults. A short nutritional intervention attenuated bacterial dysbiosis, without clear changes at the community level. SUMMARY In a group of 24 vertically HIV-infected children, in comparison to 11 uninfected controls, intestinal dysbiosis was observed despite effective ART. Although not fully effective to restore the microbiota, a short intervention with pre/probiotics attenuated bacterial dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talía Sainz
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario La Paz and IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.E.); (M.J.M.)
- Red de Investigación CoRISpe integrada en la Red en Infectología Pediátrica (RITIP), 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.); (S.G.); (J.T.R.); (M.L.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-917277201
| | - María José Gosalbes
- Área Genómica y Salud, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica (FISABIO), 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.J.G.); (N.J.-H.); (A.M.)
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Talavera
- Bioinformatics Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Nuria Jimenez-Hernandez
- Área Genómica y Salud, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica (FISABIO), 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.J.G.); (N.J.-H.); (A.M.)
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Prieto
- Red de Investigación CoRISpe integrada en la Red en Infectología Pediátrica (RITIP), 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.); (S.G.); (J.T.R.); (M.L.N.)
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital 12 de Octubre and I+12, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Escosa
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario La Paz and IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.E.); (M.J.M.)
- Red de Investigación CoRISpe integrada en la Red en Infectología Pediátrica (RITIP), 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.); (S.G.); (J.T.R.); (M.L.N.)
| | - Sara Guillén
- Red de Investigación CoRISpe integrada en la Red en Infectología Pediátrica (RITIP), 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.); (S.G.); (J.T.R.); (M.L.N.)
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital de Getafe, 28901 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Tomás Ramos
- Red de Investigación CoRISpe integrada en la Red en Infectología Pediátrica (RITIP), 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.); (S.G.); (J.T.R.); (M.L.N.)
- Spain Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clinico San Carlos and UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Sección Inmunología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón and Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, Madrid Spain, Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28007 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Andrés Moya
- Área Genómica y Salud, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica (FISABIO), 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.J.G.); (N.J.-H.); (A.M.)
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas, Universidad de Valencia, 46003 Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa Navarro
- Red de Investigación CoRISpe integrada en la Red en Infectología Pediátrica (RITIP), 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.); (S.G.); (J.T.R.); (M.L.N.)
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Mellado
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario La Paz and IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.E.); (M.J.M.)
- Red de Investigación CoRISpe integrada en la Red en Infectología Pediátrica (RITIP), 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.); (S.G.); (J.T.R.); (M.L.N.)
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
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14
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Piggott DA, Tuddenham S. The gut microbiome and frailty. Transl Res 2020; 221:23-43. [PMID: 32360945 PMCID: PMC8487348 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The human microbiome is constituted by an extensive network of organisms that lie at the host/environment interface and transduce signals that play vital roles in human health and disease across the lifespan. Frailty is a critical aging-related syndrome marked by diminished physiological reserve and heightened vulnerability to stress, predictive of major adverse clinical outcomes including death. While recent studies suggest the microbiome may impact key pathways critical to frailty pathophysiology, direct evaluation of the microbiome-frailty relationship remains limited. In this article, we review the complex interplay of biological, behavioral, and environmental factors that may influence shifts in gut microbiome composition and function in aging populations and the putative implications of such shifts for progression to frailty. We discuss HIV infection as a key prototype for elucidating the complex pathways via which the microbiome may precipitate frailty. Finally, we review considerations for future research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damani A Piggott
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Susan Tuddenham
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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15
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Vujkovic-Cvijin I, Somsouk M. HIV and the Gut Microbiota: Composition, Consequences, and Avenues for Amelioration. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2020; 16:204-213. [PMID: 31037552 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-019-00441-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We discuss recent advances in understanding of gut bacterial microbiota composition in HIV-infected subjects and comment on controversies. We discuss the putative effects of microbiota shifts on systemic inflammation and HIV disease progression and potential mechanisms, as well as ongoing strategies being developed to modulate the gut microbiota in humans for amelioration of infectious and inflammatory diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Lifestyle and behavioral factors relevant to HIV infection studies have independent effects on the microbiota. Microbial metabolism of immunomodulatory compounds and direct immune stimulation by translocation of microbes are putative mechanisms contributing to HIV disease. Fecal microbiota transplantation, microbial enzyme inhibition, phage therapy, and rationally selected probiotic cocktails have emerged as promising strategies for microbiota modulation. Numerous surveys of the HIV gut microbiota matched for lifestyle factors suggest consistent shifts in gut microbiota composition among HIV-infected subjects. Evidence exists for a complex pathogenic role of the gut microbiota in HIV disease progression, warranting further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Vujkovic-Cvijin
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Ma Somsouk
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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16
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Aging and HIV share features of intestinal damage and alterations in the communities of enteric bacteria, termed dysbiosis. The purpose of this review is to highlight the various features of the gut microbiome in aging and in people with HIV (PWH) and to discuss how aging and HIV converge to impact the gut microbiome. The term microbiome reflects the combined genetic material of micro-organisms present including bacteria, viruses, bacteriophages, and fungi. To date, the majority of studies investigating the impact of aging and HIV on the gut microbiome have focused on bacteria, and therefore, for the purposes of this review, the term 'microbiome' is used to reflect enteric bacterial communities. RECENT FINDINGS Aging is associated with alterations in the gut bacterial microbiome. Although changes vary by the age of the population, lifestyle (diet, physical activity) and geographic location, the age-associated dysbiosis is typically characterized by an increase in facultative anaerobes with inflammatory properties and a decrease in obligate anaerobes that play critical roles in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and in regulating host immunity. PWH also have dysbiotic gut microbiomes, many features of which reflect those observed in elderly persons. In one study, the age effect on the gut microbiome differed based on HIV serostatus in older adults. SUMMARY HIV and age may interact to shape the gut microbiome. Future studies should investigate relationships between the gut microbiome and age-associated comorbidities in older PWH populations. Identifying these links will provide new avenues for treatments and interventions to improve the healthspan and lifespan of older PWH.
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17
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Yang L, Dunlap DG, Qin S, Fitch A, Li K, Koch CD, Nouraie M, DeSensi R, Ho KS, Martinson JJ, Methé B, Morris A. Alterations in Oral Microbiota in HIV Are Related to Decreased Pulmonary Function. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201:445-457. [PMID: 31682463 PMCID: PMC7049920 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201905-1016oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Mechanisms of HIV-associated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are poorly understood. The oral microbiome shapes the lung microbiome, and gut dysbiosis can affect lung diseases; however, relationships of the oral and gut microbiome to COPD in HIV have not been explored.Objectives: To examine alterations in the oral and gut microbiome associated with pulmonary disease in persons with HIV (PWH).Methods: Seventy-five PWH and 93 HIV-uninfected men from the MACS (Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study) performed pulmonary function testing. Sequencing of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA in saliva and stool was performed. We used nonmetric multidimensional scaling, permutational multivariate ANOVA, and linear discriminant analysis to analyze communities by HIV and lung function.Measurements and Main Results: Oral microbiome composition differed by HIV and smoking status. Alterations of oral microbial communities were observed in PWH with abnormal lung function with increases in relative abundance of Veillonella, Streptococcus, and Lactobacillus. There were no significant associations between the oral microbiome and lung function in HIV-uninfected individuals. No associations with HIV status or lung function were seen with the gut microbiome.Conclusions: Alterations of oral microbiota in PWH were related to impaired pulmonary function and to systemic inflammation. These results suggest that the oral microbiome may serve as a biomarker of lung function in HIV and that its disruption may contribute to COPD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libing Yang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, Department of Medicine
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; and
| | | | - Shulin Qin
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, Department of Medicine
| | - Adam Fitch
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, Department of Medicine
| | - Kelvin Li
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, Department of Medicine
| | - Carl D. Koch
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, Department of Medicine
| | - Mehdi Nouraie
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Rebecca DeSensi
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Ken S. Ho
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Jeremy J. Martinson
- Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Barbara Methé
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, Department of Medicine
| | - Alison Morris
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine and
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, Department of Medicine
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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18
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González-Riano C, Dudzik D, Garcia A, Gil-de-la-Fuente A, Gradillas A, Godzien J, López-Gonzálvez Á, Rey-Stolle F, Rojo D, Ruperez FJ, Saiz J, Barbas C. Recent Developments along the Analytical Process for Metabolomics Workflows. Anal Chem 2019; 92:203-226. [PMID: 31625723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina González-Riano
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Pharmacy Faculty , Universidad San Pablo-CEU , Boadilla del Monte , 28668 Madrid , Spain
| | - Danuta Dudzik
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Pharmacy Faculty , Universidad San Pablo-CEU , Boadilla del Monte , 28668 Madrid , Spain.,Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Medical University of Gdańsk , 80-210 Gdańsk , Poland
| | - Antonia Garcia
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Pharmacy Faculty , Universidad San Pablo-CEU , Boadilla del Monte , 28668 Madrid , Spain
| | - Alberto Gil-de-la-Fuente
- Department of Information Technology, Escuela Politécnica Superior , Universidad San Pablo-CEU , 28003 Madrid , Spain
| | - Ana Gradillas
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Pharmacy Faculty , Universidad San Pablo-CEU , Boadilla del Monte , 28668 Madrid , Spain
| | - Joanna Godzien
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Pharmacy Faculty , Universidad San Pablo-CEU , Boadilla del Monte , 28668 Madrid , Spain.,Clinical Research Centre , Medical University of Bialystok , 15-089 Bialystok , Poland
| | - Ángeles López-Gonzálvez
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Pharmacy Faculty , Universidad San Pablo-CEU , Boadilla del Monte , 28668 Madrid , Spain
| | - Fernanda Rey-Stolle
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Pharmacy Faculty , Universidad San Pablo-CEU , Boadilla del Monte , 28668 Madrid , Spain
| | - David Rojo
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Pharmacy Faculty , Universidad San Pablo-CEU , Boadilla del Monte , 28668 Madrid , Spain
| | - Francisco J Ruperez
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Pharmacy Faculty , Universidad San Pablo-CEU , Boadilla del Monte , 28668 Madrid , Spain
| | - Jorge Saiz
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Pharmacy Faculty , Universidad San Pablo-CEU , Boadilla del Monte , 28668 Madrid , Spain
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Pharmacy Faculty , Universidad San Pablo-CEU , Boadilla del Monte , 28668 Madrid , Spain
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19
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Taborda NA, Correa LA, Feria MG, Rugeles MT. The Spontaneous Control of HIV Replication is Characterized by Decreased Pathological Changes in the Gut-associated Lymphoid Tissue. Curr HIV Res 2019; 16:338-344. [PMID: 30706820 PMCID: PMC6446516 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x17666190130115113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV infection induces alterations in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) that constitutes the most important site for viral replication due to the extensive presence of effector memory T-cells. In the case of HIV-controllers, several studies have reported fewer peripheral alterations and conserved immune responses that correlate with viral control; however, the histopathological characterization of GALT in those patients is still missing. In this study, we evaluated pathological alterations in GALT, trying to associate them with clinical parameters of HIV infected patients with or without evidence of viral control. METHODS This study included eight HIV-controllers (antiretroviral treatment-naïve patients, with viral loads below 2.000 copies/mL for at least 1 year); 14 Noncontrollers (antiretroviral treatmentnaïve patients, with viral loads > 2.000 copies/mL and CD4+ T cells count > 250 cells/μL), and 12 uninfected donors. Biopsy fragments were obtained by rectosigmoidoscopy and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, silver methenamine, Ziehl Neelsen, and modified Ziehl Neelsen. RESULTS Histopathological findings in HIV-controllers were similar to those observed in the uninfected group. In contrast, noncontrollers exhibited several alterations including condyloma acuminate, squamous metaplasia and acute colitis. These alterations were associated with disease progression. CONCLUSION HIV-controllers exhibit lower pathological alterations in the gut tissue, associated with higher CD4 T cell count, and lower viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Taborda
- Grupo Inmunovirologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin, Colombia.,Grupo de Investigaciones Biomedicas Uniremington, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Corporacion Universitaria Remington, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Luis A Correa
- Seccion de Dermatologia, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin, Colombia.,Laboratorio de Patología, Laboratorio Clínico VID, Obra de la Congregación Mariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Manuel Geronimo Feria
- Grupo Inmunovirologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
| | - María T Rugeles
- Grupo Inmunovirologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
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20
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Li N, Ma WT, Pang M, Fan QL, Hua JL. The Commensal Microbiota and Viral Infection: A Comprehensive Review. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1551. [PMID: 31333675 PMCID: PMC6620863 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body is inhabited by a diverse microbial community that is collectively coined as commensal microbiota. Recent research has greatly advanced our understanding of how the commensal microbiota affects host health. Among the various kinds of pathogenic infections of the host, viral infections constitute one of the most serious public health problems worldwide. During the infection process, viruses may have substantial and intimate interactions with the commensal microbiota. A plethora of evidence suggests that the commensal microbiota regulates and is in turn regulated by invading viruses through diverse mechanisms, thereby having stimulatory or suppressive roles in viral infections. Furthermore, the integrity of the commensal microbiota can be disturbed by invading viruses, causing dysbiosis in the host and further influencing virus infectivity. In the present article, we discuss current insights into the regulation of viral infection by the commensal microbiota. We also draw attention to the disruption of microbiota homeostasis by several viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wen-Tao Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ming Pang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qin-Lei Fan
- Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin-Lian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
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21
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Herrera S, Martínez-Sanz J, Serrano-Villar S. HIV, Cancer, and the Microbiota: Common Pathways Influencing Different Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1466. [PMID: 31316514 PMCID: PMC6610485 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV infection exerts profound and perhaps irreversible damage to the gut mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues, resulting in long-lasting changes in the signals required for the coordination of commensal colonization and in perturbations at the compositional and functional level of the gut microbiota. These abnormalities in gut microbial communities appear to affect clinical outcomes, including T-cell recovery, vaccine responses, HIV transmission, cardiovascular disease, and cancer pathogenesis. For example, the microbial signature associated with HIV infection has been shown to induce tryptophan catabolism, affect the butyrate synthesis pathway, impair anti-tumoral immunity and affect oxidative stress, which have also been linked to the pathogenesis of cancer. Furthermore, some of the taxa that are depleted in subjects with HIV have proved to modulate the anti-tumor efficacy of various chemotherapies and immunotherapeutic agents. The aim of this work is to provide a broad overview of recent advances in our knowledge of how HIV might affect the microbiota, with a focus on the pathways shared with cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Herrera
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
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22
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Wang Z, Qi Q. Gut microbial metabolites associated with HIV infection. Future Virol 2019; 14:335-347. [PMID: 31263508 PMCID: PMC6595475 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2019-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
HIV infection has been associated with alterations in gut microbiota and related microbial metabolite production. However, the mechanisms of how these functional microbial metabolites may affect HIV immunopathogenesis and comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease and other metabolic diseases, remain largely unknown. Here we review the current understanding of gut microbiota and related metabolites in the context of HIV infection. We focus on several bacteria-produced metabolites, including tryptophan catabolites, short-chain fatty acids and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), and discuss their implications in HIV infection and comorbidities. We also prospect future studies using integrative multiomics approaches to better understand host-microbiota-metabolites interactions in HIV infection, and facilitate integrative medicine utilizing the microbiota in HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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23
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Biomarkers of aging in HIV: inflammation and the microbiome. Eur Geriatr Med 2019; 10:175-182. [PMID: 34652744 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-018-0145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE HIV-infected subjects present increased levels of inflammatory cytokines and T cell activation in the peripheral blood despite suppressive combination antiretroviral therapy which renders them susceptible to premature aging. The purpose of the present work was to review existing evidence on the ways in which the anatomical and microbiological abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract can represent a major cause of organ disease in HIV infection. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of the Pubmed database for articles published from 2014 to 2018. We included studies on inflammatory/activation biomarkers associated with cardiovascular and bone disease, neurocognitive impairment and serious non-AIDS events in HIV-infected subjects. We also included researches which linked peripheral inflammation/activation to the anatomical, immune and microbiological alterations of the gastrointestinal tract. RESULTS Recent literature data confirm the association between non-infectious comorbidities and inflammation in HIV infection which may be driven by gastrointestinal tract abnormalities, specifically microbial translocation and dysbiosis. Furthermore, there is mounting evidence on the possible role of metabolic functions of the microbiota in the pathogenesis of premature aging in the HIV-infected population. CONCLUSIONS Biomarkers need to be validated for their use in the management of HIV infection. Compounds which counteract microbial translocation, inflammation and dysbiosis have been investigated as alternative therapeutic strategies in viro-suppressed HIV-infected individuals, but appear to have limited efficacy, probably due to the multifactorial pathogenesis of non-infectious comorbidities in this setting.
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24
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Vázquez-Castellanos JF, Serrano-Villar S, Jiménez-Hernández N, Soto Del Rio MD, Gayo S, Rojo D, Ferrer M, Barbas C, Moreno S, Estrada V, Rattei T, Latorre A, Moya A, Gosalbes MJ. Interplay between gut microbiota metabolism and inflammation in HIV infection. THE ISME JOURNAL 2018; 12:1964-1976. [PMID: 29789624 PMCID: PMC6052150 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0151-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
HIV infection causes a disruption of gut-associated lymphoid tissue, driving a shift in the composition of gut microbiota. A deeper understanding of the metabolic changes and how they affect the interplay with the host is needed. Here, we assessed functional modifications of HIV-associated microbiota by combining metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses. The transcriptionally active microbiota was well-adapted to the inflamed environment, overexpressing pathways related to resistance to oxidative stress. Furthermore, gut inflammation was maintained by the Gram-negative nature of the HIV-associated microbiota and underexpression of anti-inflammatory processes, such as short chain fatty acid biosynthesis or indole production. We performed co-occurrence and metabolic network analyses that showed relevance in the microbiota structure of both taxonomic and metabolic HIV-associated biomarkers. The Bayesian network revealed the most determinant pathways for maintaining the structure stability of the bacterial community. In addition, we identified the taxa's contribution to metabolic activities and their interactions with host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge F Vázquez-Castellanos
- Foundation for the Promotion of Sanitary and Biomedical Research of Valencian Community (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal and Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Jiménez-Hernández
- Foundation for the Promotion of Sanitary and Biomedical Research of Valencian Community (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - María Dolores Soto Del Rio
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Piedmont, Italy
| | - Sara Gayo
- Foundation for the Promotion of Sanitary and Biomedical Research of Valencian Community (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - David Rojo
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus Montepríncipe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Ferrer
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus Montepríncipe, Madrid, Spain
- CSIC, Institute of Catalysis, Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus Montepríncipe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal and Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Estrada
- HIV Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomas Rattei
- Division of Computational Systems Biology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amparo Latorre
- Foundation for the Promotion of Sanitary and Biomedical Research of Valencian Community (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain
- Integrative Systems Biology Institute (I2SysBio), University of Valencia and Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrés Moya
- Foundation for the Promotion of Sanitary and Biomedical Research of Valencian Community (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain.
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain.
- Integrative Systems Biology Institute (I2SysBio), University of Valencia and Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
| | - María José Gosalbes
- Foundation for the Promotion of Sanitary and Biomedical Research of Valencian Community (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain.
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain.
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25
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Gut microbial diversity in HIV infection post combined antiretroviral therapy: a key target for prevention of cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2018; 13:38-44. [PMID: 29045253 PMCID: PMC5718258 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Although the HIV-infected population is living longer and getting older under current treatment regimens, significant challenges arise for health management as the infection is associated with various premature aging phenotypes, particularly increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Here we review the current understanding of HIV-related gut dysbiosis in association with CVD and advances in clinical trials aiming to restore gut microbial diversity. RECENT FINDING Identification of a unique signature for gut dysbiosis in HIV infection between different cohorts remains challenging. However, low diversity of microbiota combined with the outgrowth of pathogenic bacterial species together with dysregulated metabolic pathways have been linked to compromised gut immunity, bacterial translocation and systemic inflammation, hence higher CVD risk among different cohorts. Data from recent clinical trials aiming to evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of probiotics in treated HIV+ patients are promising and support a significant increase in microbiota diversity and reduction of systemic inflammation. However, the impact of these microbial and immunological corrections on the prevalence of CVD in HIV+ patients remains unclear. SUMMARY Positive immunological outcomes following enrichment of the gut microbial diversity have been documented, and further trials are in progress to evaluate the range of patients, with different immunological backgrounds, who might benefit from these treatments.
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26
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The functional consequences of the microbiome in HIV: insights from metabolomic studies. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2018; 13:88-94. [PMID: 29035945 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW It is critical to gain insight into the metabolic pathways by which the microbiota might influence HIV immunopathogenesis to exploit host-microbiota interactions. The aim of this review is to sketch a very broad picture of recent advances in our knowledge of how HIV might affect the microbiota, with a focus on specific gene products, particularly, metabolites produced by the microbiota that may affect HIV immunopathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS First, we describe the different approaches used to explore imbalances in effector microbial products during HIV infection. Then, we review the mechanisms by which the microbiota might affect HIV immunopathogenesis. We cover several aspects of HIV immunopathogenesis, including systemic inflammation, mucosal immunity, enterocyte barrier integrity, HIV persistence and effects on HIV-specific humoral and cytotoxic responses. The altered interplay between mucosal immunity and dysbiotic bacteria helps to explain poorly understood observations in HIV infection, including susceptibility to HIV acquisition or the risk of HPV-related cancers, lung infections and cardiovascular disease. SUMMARY Although there is an urgent need to standardize the methods used for assessing the functional level of the microbiota, it is recognized that functional modulation of the microbiota for therapeutic purposes should be evaluated to improve HIV care.
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27
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Gootenberg DB, Paer JM, Luevano JM, Kwon DS. HIV-associated changes in the enteric microbial community: potential role in loss of homeostasis and development of systemic inflammation. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2018; 30:31-43. [PMID: 27922852 PMCID: PMC5325247 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Purpose of review Despite HIV therapy advances, average life expectancy in HIV-infected individuals on effective treatment is significantly decreased relative to uninfected persons, largely because of increased incidence of inflammation-related diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and renal dysfunction. The enteric microbial community could potentially cause this inflammation, as HIV-driven destruction of gastrointestinal CD4+ T cells may disturb the microbiota–mucosal immune system balance, disrupting the stable gut microbiome and leading to further deleterious host outcomes. Recent findings Varied enteric microbiome changes have been reported during HIV infection, but unifying patterns have emerged. Community diversity is decreased, similar to pathologies such as inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, and Clostridium difficile infection. Many taxa frequently enriched in HIV-infected individuals, such as Enterobacteriaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae, have pathogenic potential, whereas depleted taxa, such as Bacteroidaceae and Ruminococcaceae, are more linked with anti-inflammatory properties and maintenance of gut homeostasis. The gut viral community in HIV has been found to contain a greater abundance of pathogenesis-associated Adenoviridae and Anelloviridae. These bacterial and viral changes correlate with increased systemic inflammatory markers, such as serum sCD14, sCD163, and IL-6. Summary Enteric microbial community changes may contribute to chronic HIV pathogenesis, but more investigation is necessary, especially in the developing world population with the greatest HIV burden (Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, which includes the authors’ summary of the importance of the work).
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Gootenberg
- aRagon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge bHarvard Medical School, Boston cDivision of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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28
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Dinleyici EC, Martínez-Martínez D, Kara A, Karbuz A, Dalgic N, Metin O, Yazar AS, Guven S, Kurugol Z, Turel O, Kucukkoc M, Yasa O, Eren M, Ozen M, Martí JM, P. Garay C, Vandenplas Y, Moya A. Time Series Analysis of the Microbiota of Children Suffering From Acute Infectious Diarrhea and Their Recovery After Treatment. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1230. [PMID: 29946306 PMCID: PMC6005867 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is closely related to acute infectious diarrhea, one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in children worldwide. Understanding the dynamics of the recovery from this disease is of clinical interest. This work aims to correlate the dynamics of gut microbiota with the evolution of children who were suffering from acute infectious diarrhea caused by a rotavirus, and their recovery after the administration of a probiotic, Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745. The experiment involved 10 children with acute infectious diarrhea caused by a rotavirus, and six healthy children, all aged between 3 and 4 years. The children who suffered the rotavirus infection received S. boulardii CNCM I-745 twice daily for the first 5 days of the experiment. Fecal samples were collected from each participant at 0, 3, 5, 10, and 30 days after probiotic administration. Microbial composition was characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Alpha and beta diversity were calculated, along with dynamical analysis based on Taylor's law to assess the temporal stability of the microbiota. All children infected with the rotavirus stopped having diarrhea at day 3 after the intervention. We observed low alpha diversities in the first 5 days (p-value < 0.05, Wilcoxon test), larger at 10 and 30 days after probiotic treatment. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed differences in the gut microbiota of healthy children and of those who suffered from acute diarrhea in the first days (p-value < 0.05, ADONIS test), but not in the last days of the experiment. Temporal variability was larger in children infected with the rotavirus than in healthy ones. In particular, Gammaproteobacteria class was found to be abundant in children with acute diarrhea. We identified the microbiota transition from a diseased state to a healthy one with time, whose characterization may lead to relevant clinical data. This work highlights the importance of using time series for the study of dysbiosis related to diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ener C. Dinleyici
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | | | - Ates Kara
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adem Karbuz
- Department of Pediatrics, Okmeydani Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nazan Dalgic
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Metin
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet S. Yazar
- Department of Pediatrics, Umraniye Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sirin Guven
- Department of Pediatrics, Umraniye Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zafer Kurugol
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozden Turel
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kucukkoc
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Olcay Yasa
- Department of Pediatrics, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, SB Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Makbule Eren
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Metehan Ozen
- Department of Pediatrics, Acibadem University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jose Manuel Martí
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Catedrático José Beltrán, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos P. Garay
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Catedrático José Beltrán, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yvan Vandenplas
- Department of Pediatrics, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrés Moya
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Catedrático José Beltrán, Valencia, Spain
- Area de Genómica y Salud, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO-Salud Pública), Valencia, Spain
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Andrés Moya
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Abstract
The term "microbiome" refers to microorganisms (microbiota) and their genomes (metagenome) coexisting with their hosts. Some researchers coined the term "second genome" to underscore the importance of the microbiota and its collective metagenome on their host's health and/or disease. It is now undeniable that the commensal fungal microorganisms, alongside the other components of the microbiota, play a central role in association with the human host. In recognition, projects were launched nationally and internationally to unify efforts to characterize the microbiome and elucidate the functional role of the microbiota and the mechanism(s) by which these organisms and their metabolites (metabolome) may affect health and disease states. In this article, we will highlight the role of the fungal community as an indispensable component of the microbiome.
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Liu J, Williams B, Frank D, Dillon SM, Wilson CC, Landay AL. Inside Out: HIV, the Gut Microbiome, and the Mucosal Immune System. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:605-614. [PMID: 28069756 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The components of the human gut microbiome have been found to influence a broad array of pathologic conditions ranging from heart disease to diabetes and even to cancer. HIV infection upsets the delicate balance in the normal host-microbe interaction both through alterations in the taxonomic composition of gut microbial communities as well as through disruption of the normal host response mechanisms. In this article we review the current methods of gut microbiome analysis and the resulting data regarding how HIV infection might change the balance of commensal bacteria in the gut. Additionally, we cover the various effects gut microbes have on host immune homeostasis and the preliminary but intriguing data on how HIV disrupts those mechanisms. Finally, we briefly describe some of the important biomolecules produced by gut microbiota and the role that they may play in maintaining host immune homeostasis with and without HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Liu
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Brett Williams
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612; and
| | - Daniel Frank
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Stephanie M Dillon
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Cara C Wilson
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Alan L Landay
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612
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31
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Ferrer M, Raczkowska BA, Martínez-Martínez M, Barbas C, Rojo D. Phenotyping of gut microbiota: Focus on capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2275-2286. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Ferrer
- Institute of Catalysis; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); Madrid Spain
| | - Beata Anna Raczkowska
- Department of Endocrinology; Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok; Bialystok Poland
| | | | - Coral Barbas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO); Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus Montepríncipe; Madrid Spain
| | - David Rojo
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO); Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus Montepríncipe; Madrid Spain
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32
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Rojo D, Méndez-García C, Raczkowska BA, Bargiela R, Moya A, Ferrer M, Barbas C. Exploring the human microbiome from multiple perspectives: factors altering its composition and function. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2017; 41:453-478. [PMID: 28333226 PMCID: PMC5812509 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuw046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our microbiota presents peculiarities and characteristics that may be altered by multiple factors. The degree and consequences of these alterations depend on the nature, strength and duration of the perturbations as well as the structure and stability of each microbiota. The aim of this review is to sketch a very broad picture of the factors commonly influencing different body sites, and which have been associated with alterations in the human microbiota in terms of composition and function. To do so, first, a graphical representation of bacterial, fungal and archaeal genera reveals possible associations among genera affected by different factors. Then, the revision of sequence-based predictions provides associations with functions that become part of the active metabolism. Finally, examination of microbial metabolite contents and fluxes reveals whether metabolic alterations are a reflection of the differences observed at the level of population structure, and in the last step, link microorganisms to functions under perturbations that differ in nature and aetiology. The utilisation of complementary technologies and methods, with a special focus on metabolomics research, is thoroughly discussed to obtain a global picture of microbiota composition and microbiome function and to convey the urgent need for the standardisation of protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rojo
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus Montepríncipe, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Beata Anna Raczkowska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Rafael Bargiela
- Institute of Catalysis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Moya
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community Public Health (FISABIO), 46020 Valencia, Spain
- Network Research Center for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER-ESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Universidad de Valencia, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Manuel Ferrer
- Institute of Catalysis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding author: Institute of Catalysis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain. Tel: (+34) 915854872; E-mail:
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus Montepríncipe, 28668 Madrid, Spain
- These authors contributed equally to this work
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33
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Abstract
: The increased prevalence of age-related comorbidities and mortality is worrisome in ageing HIV-infected patients. Here, we aim to analyse the different ageing mechanisms with regard to HIV infection. Ageing results from the time-dependent accumulation of random cellular damage. Epigenetic modifications and mitochondrial DNA haplogroups modulate ageing. In antiretroviral treatment-controlled patients, epigenetic clock appears to be advanced, and some haplogroups are associated with HIV infection severity. Telomere shortening is enhanced in HIV-infected patients because of HIV and some nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Mitochondria-related oxidative stress and mitochondrial DNA mutations are increased during ageing and also by some nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Overall, increased inflammation or 'inflammageing' is a major driver of ageing and could result from cell senescence with secreted proinflammatory mediators, altered gut microbiota, and coinfections. In HIV-infected patients, the level of inflammation and innate immunity activation is enhanced and related to most comorbidities and to mortality. This status could result, in addition to age, from the virus itself or viral protein released from reservoirs, from HIV-enhanced gut permeability and dysbiosis, from antiretroviral treatment, from frequent cytomegalovirus and hepatitis C virus coinfections, and also from personal and environmental factors, as central fat accumulation or smoking. Adaptive immune activation and immunosenescence are associated with comorbidities and mortality in the general population but are less predictive in HIV-infected patients. Biomarkers to evaluate ageing in HIV-infected patients are required. Numerous systemic or cellular inflammatory, immune activation, oxidative stress, or senescence markers can be tested in serum or peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The novel European Study to Establish Biomarkers of Human Ageing MARK-AGE algorithm, evaluating the biological age, is currently assessed in HIV-infected patients and reveals an advanced biological age. Some enhanced inflammatory or innate immune activation markers are interesting but still not validated for the patient's follow-up. To be able to assess patients' biological age is an important objective to improve their healthspan.
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El-Jurdi N, de Lima M, Lazarus H, Ghannoum MA. Microbiome: Its Impact Is Being Revealed! CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-017-0063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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35
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Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease mediated by pathogenic autoantibodies directed against nucleoprotein complexes. Beyond the activation of autoreactive B cells, this process involves dysregulation in many other types of immune cells, including CD4+ T cells, dendritic cells, macrophages and neutrophils. Metabolic substrate utilization and integration of cues from energy sensors are critical checkpoints of effector functions in the immune system, with common as well as cell-specific programmes. Patients with SLE and lupus-prone mice present with activated metabolism of CD4+ T cells, and the use of metabolic inhibitors to normalize these features is associated with therapeutic effects. Far less is known about the metabolic requirements of B cells and myeloid cells in SLE. This article reviews current knowledge of the alterations in metabolism of immune cells in patients with SLE and mouse models of lupus in the context of what is known about the metabolic regulation of these cells during normal immune responses. How these alterations might contribute to lupus pathogenesis and how they can be targeted therapeutically are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Morel
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
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36
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Abstract
HIV-1 infection is associated with substantial damage to the gastrointestinal tract resulting in structural impairment of the epithelial barrier and a disruption of intestinal homeostasis. The accompanying translocation of microbial products and potentially microbes themselves from the lumen into systemic circulation has been linked to immune activation, inflammation, and HIV-1 disease progression. The importance of microbial translocation in the setting of HIV-1 infection has led to a recent focus on understanding how the communities of microbes that make up the intestinal microbiome are altered during HIV-1 infection and how they interact with mucosal immune cells to contribute to inflammation. This review details the dysbiotic intestinal communities associated with HIV-1 infection and their potential link to HIV-1 pathogenesis. We detail studies that begin to address the mechanisms driving microbiota-associated immune activation and inflammation and the various treatment strategies aimed at correcting dysbiosis and improving the overall health of HIV-1-infected individuals. Finally, we discuss how this relatively new field of research can advance to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the contribution of the gut microbiome to HIV-1 pathogenesis.
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37
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Scagnolari C, Corano Scheri G, Selvaggi C, Schietroma I, Najafi Fard S, Mastrangelo A, Giustini N, Serafino S, Pinacchio C, Pavone P, Fanello G, Ceccarelli G, Vullo V, d'Ettorre G. Probiotics Differently Affect Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Indolamine-2,3-Dioxygenase mRNA and Cerebrospinal Fluid Neopterin Levels in Antiretroviral-Treated HIV-1 Infected Patients: A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101639. [PMID: 27689995 PMCID: PMC5085672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently the tryptophan pathway has been considered an important determinant of HIV-1 infected patients’ quality of life, due to the toxic effects of its metabolites on the central nervous system (CNS). Since the dysbiosis described in HIV-1 patients might be responsible for the microbial translocation, the chronic immune activation, and the altered utilization of tryptophan observed in these individuals, we speculated a correlation between high levels of immune activation markers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of HIV-1 infected patients and the over-expression of indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) at the gut mucosal surface. In order to evaluate this issue, we measured the levels of neopterin in CSF, and the expression of IDO mRNA in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), in HIV-1-infected patients on effective combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), at baseline and after six months of probiotic dietary management. We found a significant reduction of neopterin and IDO mRNA levels after the supplementation with probiotic. Since the results for the use of adjunctive therapies to reduce the levels of immune activation markers in CSF have been disappointing so far, our pilot study showing the efficacy of this specific probiotic product should be followed by a larger confirmatory trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Scagnolari
- Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale di Porta Tiburtina 28, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Corano Scheri
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Carla Selvaggi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale di Porta Tiburtina 28, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Ivan Schietroma
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Saeid Najafi Fard
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Mastrangelo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Noemi Giustini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Sara Serafino
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudia Pinacchio
- Istituto Pasteur Italia, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Paolo Pavone
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Gianfranco Fanello
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Emergency Endoscopic Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Vullo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Gabriella d'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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