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KAWATANI MAKOTO, AONO HARUMI, HIRANUMA SAYOKO, SHIMIZU TAKESHI, MUROI MAKOTO, NOGAWA TOSHIHIKO, OHISHI TOMOKAZU, OHBA SHUNICHI, KAWADA MANABU, YAMAZAKI KANAMI, DAN SHINGO, DOHMAE NAOSHI, OSADA HIROYUKI. Identification of a dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor that inhibits cancer cell growth by proteomic profiling. Oncol Res 2023; 31:833-844. [PMID: 37744270 PMCID: PMC10513951 DOI: 10.32604/or.2023.030241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a central enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway and is a promising drug target for the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases. This study presents the identification of a potent DHODH inhibitor by proteomic profiling. Cell-based screening revealed that NPD723, which is reduced to H-006 in cells, strongly induces myeloid differentiation and inhibits cell growth in HL-60 cells. H-006 also suppressed the growth of various cancer cells. Proteomic profiling of NPD723-treated cells in ChemProteoBase showed that NPD723 was clustered with DHODH inhibitors. H-006 potently inhibited human DHODH activity in vitro, whereas NPD723 was approximately 400 times less active than H-006. H-006-induced cell death was rescued by the addition of the DHODH product orotic acid. Moreover, metabolome analysis revealed that H-006 treatment promotes marked accumulation of the DHODH substrate dihydroorotic acid. These results suggest that NPD723 is reduced in cells to its active metabolite H-006, which then targets DHODH and suppresses cancer cell growth. Thus, H-006-related drugs represent a potentially powerful treatment for cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- MAKOTO KAWATANI
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, Technology Platform Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Chemical Resource Development Unit, Technology Platform Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - HARUMI AONO
- Chemical Resource Development Unit, Technology Platform Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - SAYOKO HIRANUMA
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - TAKESHI SHIMIZU
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - MAKOTO MUROI
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, Technology Platform Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Chemical Resource Development Unit, Technology Platform Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - TOSHIHIKO NOGAWA
- Molecular Structure Characterization Unit, Technology Platform Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - TOMOKAZU OHISHI
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Shizuoka, 410-0301, Japan
| | - SHUN-ICHI OHBA
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Shizuoka, 410-0301, Japan
| | - MANABU KAWADA
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Shizuoka, 410-0301, Japan
| | - KANAMI YAMAZAKI
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japan Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - SHINGO DAN
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japan Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - NAOSHI DOHMAE
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, Technology Platform Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - HIROYUKI OSADA
- Chemical Resource Development Unit, Technology Platform Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
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Tanushi X, Pinna G, Vandamme M, Siberchicot C, D’Augustin O, Di Guilmi AM, Radicella JP, Castaing B, Smith R, Huet S, Leteurtre F, Campalans A. OGG1 competitive inhibitors show important off-target effects by directly inhibiting efflux pumps and disturbing mitotic progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1124960. [PMID: 36819096 PMCID: PMC9936318 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1124960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most abundant DNA lesions induced by Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is 8-oxoG, a highly mutagenic lesion that compromises genetic instability when not efficiently repaired. 8-oxoG is specifically recognized by the DNA-glycosylase OGG1 that excises the base and initiates the Base Excision Repair pathway (BER). Furthermore, OGG1 has not only a major role in DNA repair but it is also involved in transcriptional regulation. Cancer cells are particularly exposed to ROS, thus challenging their capacity to process oxidative DNA damage has been proposed as a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Two competitive inhibitors of OGG1 (OGG1i) have been identified, TH5487 and SU0268, which bind to the OGG1 catalytic pocket preventing its fixation to the DNA. Early studies with these inhibitors show an enhanced cellular sensitivity to cytotoxic drugs and a reduction in the inflammatory response. Our study uncovers two unreported off-targets effects of these OGG1i that are independent of OGG1. In vitro and in cellulo approaches have unveiled that OGG1i TH5487 and SU0268, despite an unrelated molecular structure, are able to inhibit some members of the ABC family transporters, in particular ABC B1 (MDR1) and ABC G2 (BCRP). The inhibition of these efflux pumps by OGG1 inhibitors results in a higher intra-cellular accumulation of various fluorescent probes and drugs, and largely contributes to the enhanced cytotoxicity observed when the inhibitors are combined with cytotoxic agents. Furthermore, we found that SU0268 has an OGG1-independent anti-mitotic activity-by interfering with metaphase completion-resulting in a high cellular toxicity. These two off-target activities are observed at concentrations of OGG1i that are normally used for in vivo studies. It is thus critical to consider these previously unreported non-specific effects when interpreting studies using TH5487 and SU0268 in the context of OGG1 inhibition. Additionally, our work highlights the persistent need for new specific inhibitors of the enzymatic activity of OGG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xhaferr Tanushi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA/IBFJ/IRCM. UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France,Université de Paris-Cité, CEA/IBFJ/IRCM. UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Guillaume Pinna
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA/IBFJ/IRCM/Plateforme PARi, UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France,Université de Paris-Cite, Inserm, CEA/IBFJ/IRCM/Plateforme PARi, UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marie Vandamme
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA/IBFJ/IRCM/Plateforme PARi, UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France,Université de Paris-Cite, Inserm, CEA/IBFJ/IRCM/Plateforme PARi, UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Capucine Siberchicot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA/IBFJ/IRCM. UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France,Université de Paris-Cité, CEA/IBFJ/IRCM. UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Ostiane D’Augustin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA/IBFJ/IRCM. UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France,Université de Paris-Cité, CEA/IBFJ/IRCM. UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France,Université Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)—UMR 6290, BIOSIT—UMS 3480, Rennes, France
| | - Anne-Marie Di Guilmi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA/IBFJ/IRCM. UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France,Université de Paris-Cité, CEA/IBFJ/IRCM. UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - J. Pablo Radicella
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA/IBFJ/IRCM. UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France,Université de Paris-Cité, CEA/IBFJ/IRCM. UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Bertrand Castaing
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire (CBM)UPR4301 CNRS, Université d’Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Rebecca Smith
- Université Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)—UMR 6290, BIOSIT—UMS 3480, Rennes, France
| | - Sebastien Huet
- Université Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)—UMR 6290, BIOSIT—UMS 3480, Rennes, France,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - François Leteurtre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA/IBFJ/IRCM. UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France,Université de Paris-Cité, CEA/IBFJ/IRCM. UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Anna Campalans
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA/IBFJ/IRCM. UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France,Université de Paris-Cité, CEA/IBFJ/IRCM. UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France,*Correspondence: Anna Campalans,
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Helleday T. Mitotic MTH1 Inhibitors in Treatment of Cancer. Cancer Treat Res 2023; 186:223-237. [PMID: 37978139 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-30065-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) protein MTH1 is sanitising the oxidized dNTP pool and preventing incorporation of oxidative damage into DNA and has an emerging role in mitosis. It is a stress-induced protein and often found to be overexpressed in cancer. Mitotic MTH1 inhibitors arrest cells in mitosis and result in incorporation of oxidative damage into DNA and selective killing of cancer cells. Here, I discuss the leading mitotic MTH1 inhibitor TH1579 (OXC-101, karonudib), now being evaluated in clinical trials, and describe its dual effect on mitosis and incorporation of oxidative DNA damage in cancer cells. I describe why MTH1 inhibitors that solely inhibits the enzyme activity fail to kill cancer cells and discuss if MTH1 is a valid target for cancer treatment. I discuss emerging roles of MTH1 in regulating tubulin polymerisation and mitosis and the necessity of developing the basic science insights along with translational efforts. I also give a perspective on how edgetic perturbation is making target validation difficult in the DDR field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Weston Park Cancer Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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NUDT1 Could Be a Prognostic Biomarker and Correlated with Immune Infiltration in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Appl Bionics Biomech 2022; 2022:3669296. [PMID: 36606241 PMCID: PMC9808898 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3669296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality. As a member of the Nudix hydrolase superfamily, Nudix (nucleoside diphosphate-linked moiety X)-type motif 1 (NUDT1) is closely related to the occurrence and development of cancer. Our study aims to explore the role of NUDT1 in ccRCC and its relationship with immune infiltration. Methods The NUDT1 expression matrix and corresponding clinical information were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The expression difference of NUDT1 in ccRCC and its relationship with the clinical characteristics were investigated using R software. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) analysis, univariate Cox regression, multivariate Cox regression, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and nomogram were utilized to evaluate the survival and prognosis of patients. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were utilized to explore the function of differential genes in low- or high-expression group of NUDT1. TCGA dataset and Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database were utilized to explore the relationship between NUDT1 and immune infiltration. Finally, TCGA dataset was utilized for gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Results NUDT1 was not only overexpressed in ccRCC but also significantly correlated with clinicopathological features (P < 0.05). K-M survival analysis showed that upregulated NUDT1 was closely related to the decrease of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in ccRCC patients. Multivariate Cox regression revealed that NUDT1 was a independent prognostic indicator (HR = 1.437, 95% CI: 1.065-1.939, P=0.018). The ROC curve showed that NUDT1 had a certain accuracy in predicting the outcome of ccRCC patiens. Furthermore, a total of 150 coexpressed genes and 1,886 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. GO/KEGG and GSEA results suggested that NUDT1 and its DEGs were involved in the immune-related pathways. NUDT1 expression was positively correlated with infiltrating levels of regulatory T cells (Tregs), CD8+ T cells, follicular helper T cells, and M0 macrophages. In addition, NUDT1 was positively related to immune checkpoints, such as PD-1, LAG3, CTLA4, and CD70, in ccRCC. Conclusion NUDT1 plays a key role in the prognosis and immune cell infiltration of ccRCC patients, indicating its potential use as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Overexpressed c-Myc Sensitizes Cells to TH1579, a Mitotic Arrest and Oxidative DNA Damage Inducer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121777. [PMID: 36551206 PMCID: PMC9775511 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that MTH1 inhibitors TH588 and TH1579 selectively induce oxidative damage and kill Ras-expressing or -transforming cancer cells, as compared to non-transforming immortalized or primary cells. While this explains the impressive anti-cancer properties of the compounds, the molecular mechanism remains elusive. Several oncogenes induce replication stress, resulting in under replicated DNA and replication continuing into mitosis, where TH588 and TH1579 treatment causes toxicity and incorporation of oxidative damage. Hence, we hypothesized that oncogene-induced replication stress explains the cancer selectivity. To test this, we overexpressed c-Myc in human epithelial kidney cells (HA1EB), resulting in increased proliferation, polyploidy and replication stress. TH588 and TH1579 selectively kill c-Myc overexpressing clones, enforcing the cancer cell selective killing of these compounds. Moreover, the toxicity of TH588 and TH1579 in c-Myc overexpressing cells is rescued by transcription, proteasome or CDK1 inhibitors, but not by nucleoside supplementation. We conclude that the molecular toxicological mechanisms of how TH588 and TH1579 kill c-Myc overexpressing cells have several components and involve MTH1-independent proteasomal degradation of c-Myc itself, c-Myc-driven transcription and CDK activation.
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Helleday T, Rudd SG. Targeting the DNA damage response and repair in cancer through nucleotide metabolism. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3792-3810. [PMID: 35583750 PMCID: PMC9627788 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The exploitation of the DNA damage response and DNA repair proficiency of cancer cells is an important anticancer strategy. The replication and repair of DNA are dependent upon the supply of deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) building blocks, which are produced and maintained by nucleotide metabolic pathways. Enzymes within these pathways can be promising targets to selectively induce toxic DNA lesions in cancer cells. These same pathways also activate antimetabolites, an important group of chemotherapies that disrupt both nucleotide and DNA metabolism to induce DNA damage in cancer cells. Thus, dNTP metabolic enzymes can also be targeted to refine the use of these chemotherapeutics, many of which remain standard of care in common cancers. In this review article, we will discuss both these approaches exemplified by the enzymes MTH1, MTHFD2 and SAMHD1. © 2022 The Authors. Molecular Oncology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Federation of European Biochemical Societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life LaboratoryDepartment of Oncology‐PathologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Weston Park Cancer CentreUniversity of SheffieldUK
| | - Sean G. Rudd
- Science for Life LaboratoryDepartment of Oncology‐PathologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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Karsten S. Targeting the DNA repair enzymes MTH1 and OGG1 as a novel approach to treat inflammatory diseases. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 131:95-103. [PMID: 35708697 PMCID: PMC9545756 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases and acute inflammation like sepsis cause significant morbidity and disability globally, and new targeted therapies are urgently needed. DNA repair and reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathways have long been investigated as targets for cancer treatment, but their role in immunological research has been limited. In this MiniReview, we discuss the DNA repair enzymes MTH1 and OGG1 as targets to treat both T cell‐driven diseases and acute inflammation. The MiniReview is based on a PhD thesis where both enzymes were investigated with cell and animal models. For MTH1, we found that its inhibition selectively kills activated T cells without being toxic to resting cells or other tissues. MTH1 inhibition also had an alleviating role in disease models of psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. We further identified a novel MTH1lowROSlow phenotype among activated T cells. Regarding OGG1, we demonstrated a mechanism of action of the OGG1 inhibitor TH5487, which prevents the assembly of pro‐inflammatory transcription factors and mitigates acute airway infection in mouse models of pneumonia. Hence, we propose both enzymes to be promising novel targets to treat inflammation and suggest that redox and DNA repair pathways could be useful targets for future immunomodulating therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Karsten
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Oncology Pathology, SciLifeLab, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Centio A, Estruch M, Reckzeh K, Sanjiv K, Vittori C, Engelhard S, Warpman Berglund U, Helleday T, Theilgaard-Mönch K. Inhibition of Oxidized Nucleotide Sanitation By TH1579 and Conventional Chemotherapy Cooperatively Enhance Oxidative DNA Damage and Survival in AML. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:703-714. [PMID: 35247918 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the majority of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) still die of their disease due to primary resistance or relapse toward conventional reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and DNA damage-inducing chemotherapy regimens. Herein, we explored the therapeutic potential to enhance chemotherapy response in AML, by targeting the ROS scavenger enzyme MutT homolog 1 (MTH1, NUDT1), which protects cellular integrity through prevention of fatal chemotherapy-induced oxidative DNA damage. We demonstrate that MTH1 is a potential druggable target expressed by the majority of patients with AML and the inv(16)/KITD816Y AML mouse model mimicking the genetics of patients with AML exhibiting poor response to standard chemotherapy (i.e., anthracycline & cytarabine). Strikingly, combinatorial treatment of inv(16)/KITD816Y AML cells with the MTH1 inhibitor TH1579 and ROS- and DNA damage-inducing standard chemotherapy induced growth arrest and incorporated oxidized nucleotides into DNA leading to significantly increased DNA damage. Consistently, TH1579 and chemotherapy synergistically inhibited growth of clonogenic inv(16)/KITD816Y AML cells without substantially inhibiting normal clonogenic bone marrow cells. In addition, combinatorial treatment of inv(16)/KITD816Y AML mice with TH1579 and chemotherapy significantly reduced AML burden and prolonged survival compared with untreated or single treated mice. In conclusion, our study provides a rationale for future clinical studies combining standard AML chemotherapy with TH1579 to boost standard chemotherapy response in patients with AML. Moreover, other cancer entities treated with ROS- and DNA damage-inducing chemo- or radiotherapies might benefit therapeutically from complementary treatment with TH1579.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Centio
- The Finsen Laboratory, Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Rigshospitalet/National University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Montserrat Estruch
- The Finsen Laboratory, Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Rigshospitalet/National University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Reckzeh
- The Finsen Laboratory, Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Rigshospitalet/National University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Stem Cell Research and Developmental Biology (DanStem), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kumar Sanjiv
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla Vittori
- The Finsen Laboratory, Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Rigshospitalet/National University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sophia Engelhard
- The Finsen Laboratory, Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Rigshospitalet/National University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrika Warpman Berglund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kim Theilgaard-Mönch
- The Finsen Laboratory, Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Rigshospitalet/National University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Stem Cell Research and Developmental Biology (DanStem), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet/National University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Danel A, Gondek E, Kucharek M, Szlachcic P, Gut A. 1 H-Pyrazolo[3,4- b]quinolines: Synthesis and Properties over 100 Years of Research. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092775. [PMID: 35566124 PMCID: PMC9099536 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper summarises a little over 100 years of research on the synthesis and the photophysical and biological properties of 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinolines that was published in the years 1911–2021. The main methods of synthesis are described, which include Friedländer condensation, synthesis from anthranilic acid derivatives, multicomponent synthesis and others. The use of this class of compounds as potential fluorescent sensors and biologically active compounds is shown. This review intends to summarize the abovementioned aspects of 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoline chemistry. Some of the results that are presented in this publication come from the laboratories of the authors of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Danel
- Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, Podchorążych Str. 1, 30-084 Krakow, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ewa Gondek
- Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, Podchorążych Str. 1, 30-084 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Kucharek
- Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka Str. 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland; (M.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Paweł Szlachcic
- Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka Str. 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland; (M.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Arkadiusz Gut
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa Str. 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
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10
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Image-Based Annotation of Chemogenomic Libraries for Phenotypic Screening. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041439. [PMID: 35209227 PMCID: PMC8878468 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypical screening is a widely used approach in drug discovery for the identification of small molecules with cellular activities. However, functional annotation of identified hits often poses a challenge. The development of small molecules with narrow or exclusive target selectivity such as chemical probes and chemogenomic (CG) libraries, greatly diminishes this challenge, but non-specific effects caused by compound toxicity or interference with basic cellular functions still pose a problem to associate phenotypic readouts with molecular targets. Hence, each compound should ideally be comprehensively characterized regarding its effects on general cell functions. Here, we report an optimized live-cell multiplexed assay that classifies cells based on nuclear morphology, presenting an excellent indicator for cellular responses such as early apoptosis and necrosis. This basic readout in combination with the detection of other general cell damaging activities of small molecules such as changes in cytoskeletal morphology, cell cycle and mitochondrial health provides a comprehensive time-dependent characterization of the effect of small molecules on cellular health in a single experiment. The developed high-content assay offers multi-dimensional comprehensive characterization that can be used to delineate generic effects regarding cell functions and cell viability, allowing an assessment of compound suitability for subsequent detailed phenotypic and mechanistic studies.
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Disrupted mitochondrial homeostasis coupled with mitotic arrest generates antineoplastic oxidative stress. Oncogene 2022; 41:427-443. [PMID: 34773075 PMCID: PMC8755538 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve as critical signals in various cellular processes. Excessive ROS cause cell death or senescence and mediates the therapeutic effect of many cancer drugs. Recent studies showed that ROS increasingly accumulate during G2/M arrest, the underlying mechanism, however, has not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that in cancer cells treated with anticancer agent TH287 or paclitaxel that causes M arrest, mitochondria accumulate robustly and produce excessive mitochondrial superoxide, which causes oxidative DNA damage and undermines cell survival and proliferation. While mitochondrial mass is greatly increased in cells arrested at M phase, the mitochondrial function is compromised, as reflected by reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, increased SUMOylation and acetylation of mitochondrial proteins, as well as an increased metabolic reliance on glycolysis. CHK1 functional disruption decelerates cell cycle, spares the M arrest and attenuates mitochondrial oxidative stress. Induction of mitophagy and blockade of mitochondrial biogenesis, measures that reduce mitochondrial accumulation, also decelerate cell cycle and abrogate M arrest-coupled mitochondrial oxidative stress. These results suggest that cell cycle progression and mitochondrial homeostasis are interdependent and coordinated, and that impairment of mitochondrial homeostasis and the associated redox signaling may mediate the antineoplastic effect of the M arrest-inducing chemotherapeutics. Our findings provide insights into the fate of cells arrested at M phase and have implications in cancer therapy.
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12
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Rajendraprasad G, Eibes S, Boldú CG, Barisic M. TH588 and Low-Dose Nocodazole Impair Chromosome Congression by Suppressing Microtubule Turnover within the Mitotic Spindle. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235995. [PMID: 34885104 PMCID: PMC8657032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A promising anti-cancer compound TH588 has been recently identified as a microtubule-targeting agent that inhibits tubulin polymerization in vitro and interferes with microtubule dynamics in interphase cells. Although it was shown to arrest cells in mitosis, its effect on microtubule dynamics in dividing cells remained unknown. By analyzing microtubule dynamics in living cells treated with either TH588 or low-dose nocodazole, we revealed that both of these drugs stabilize microtubules within the mitotic spindle, leading to premature formation of kinetochore-microtubule end-on attachments on uncongressed chromosomes. This causes mitotic arrest, ultimately resulting in cell death or cell division with uncongressed chromosomes. Both of these cell fates could contribute to the selective effect associated with the activity of TH588 in cancer cells. Abstract Microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) have been used for decades to treat different hematologic and solid cancers. The mode of action of these drugs mainly relies on their ability to bind tubulin subunits and/or microtubules and interfere with microtubule dynamics. In addition to its MTH1-inhibiting activity, TH588 has been recently identified as an MTA, whose anticancer properties were shown to largely depend on its microtubule-targeting ability. Although TH588 inhibited tubulin polymerization in vitro and reduced microtubule plus-end mobility in interphase cells, its effect on microtubule dynamics within the mitotic spindle of dividing cells remained unknown. Here, we performed an in-depth analysis of the impact of TH588 on spindle-associated microtubules and compared it to the effect of low-dose nocodazole. We show that both treatments reduce microtubule turnover within the mitotic spindle. This microtubule-stabilizing effect leads to premature formation of kinetochore-microtubule end-on attachments on uncongressed chromosomes, which consequently cannot be transported to the cell equator, thereby delaying cell division and leading to cell death or division with uncongressed chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Rajendraprasad
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (G.R.); (S.E.); (C.G.B.)
| | - Susana Eibes
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (G.R.); (S.E.); (C.G.B.)
| | - Claudia Guasch Boldú
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (G.R.); (S.E.); (C.G.B.)
| | - Marin Barisic
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (G.R.); (S.E.); (C.G.B.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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13
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Kawatani M, Aono H, Shimizu T, Ohkura S, Hiranuma S, Muroi M, Ogawa N, Ohishi T, Ohba SI, Kawada M, Yamazaki K, Dan S, Osada H. Identification of Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors─Indoluidins─That Inhibit Cancer Cell Growth. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:2570-2580. [PMID: 34730931 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis and is a promising cancer treatment target. This study reports the identification of indoluidin D and its derivatives as inhibitors of DHODH. Cell-based phenotypic screening revealed that indoluidin D promoted myeloid differentiation and inhibited the proliferation of acute promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. Indoluidin D also suppressed cell growth in various other types of cancer cells. Cancer cell sensitivity profiling with JFCR39 and proteomic profiling with ChemProteoBase revealed that indoluidin D is a DHODH inhibitor. Indoluidin D inhibited human DHODH activity in vitro; the DHODH reaction product orotic acid rescued indoluidin D-induced cell differentiation. We synthesized several indoluidin D diastereomer derivatives and demonstrated that stereochemistry was vital to their molecular activity. The indoluidin D derivative indoluidin E showed similar activity to its parent compound and suppressed tumor growth in a murine lung cancer xenograft model. Hence, indoluidin D and its derivatives selectively inhibit DHODH and suppress cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kawatani
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Chemical Resource Development Unit, Technology Platform Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Harumi Aono
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimizu
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shouta Ohkura
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Sayoko Hiranuma
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Makoto Muroi
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Chemical Resource Development Unit, Technology Platform Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Naoko Ogawa
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Ohishi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 18-24 Miyamoto, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-0301, Japan
| | - Shun-ichi Ohba
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 18-24 Miyamoto, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-0301, Japan
| | - Manabu Kawada
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 18-24 Miyamoto, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-0301, Japan
| | - Kanami Yamazaki
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japan Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Shingo Dan
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japan Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Chemical Resource Development Unit, Technology Platform Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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14
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Sanjiv K, Calderón-Montaño JM, Pham TM, Erkers T, Tsuber V, Almlöf I, Höglund A, Heshmati Y, Seashore-Ludlow B, Nagesh Danda A, Gad H, Wiita E, Göktürk C, Rasti A, Friedrich S, Centio A, Estruch M, Våtsveen TK, Struyf N, Visnes T, Scobie M, Koolmeister T, Henriksson M, Wallner O, Sandvall T, Lehmann S, Theilgaard-Mönch K, Garnett MJ, Östling P, Walfridsson J, Helleday T, Warpman Berglund U. MTH1 Inhibitor TH1579 Induces Oxidative DNA Damage and Mitotic Arrest in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5733-5744. [PMID: 34593524 PMCID: PMC9397639 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy, exhibiting high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS levels have been suggested to drive leukemogenesis and is thus a potential novel target for treating AML. MTH1 prevents incorporation of oxidized nucleotides into the DNA to maintain genome integrity and is upregulated in many cancers. Here we demonstrate that hematologic cancers are highly sensitive to MTH1 inhibitor TH1579 (karonudib). A functional precision medicine ex vivo screen in primary AML bone marrow samples demonstrated a broad response profile of TH1579, independent of the genomic alteration of AML, resembling the response profile of the standard-of-care treatments cytarabine and doxorubicin. Furthermore, TH1579 killed primary human AML blast cells (CD45+) as well as chemotherapy resistance leukemic stem cells (CD45+Lin-CD34+CD38-), which are often responsible for AML progression. TH1579 killed AML cells by causing mitotic arrest, elevating intracellular ROS levels, and enhancing oxidative DNA damage. TH1579 showed a significant therapeutic window, was well tolerated in animals, and could be combined with standard-of-care treatments to further improve efficacy. TH1579 significantly improved survival in two different AML disease models in vivo. In conclusion, the preclinical data presented here support that TH1579 is a promising novel anticancer agent for AML, providing a rationale to investigate the clinical usefulness of TH1579 in AML in an ongoing clinical phase I trial. SIGNIFICANCE: The MTH1 inhibitor TH1579 is a potential novel AML treatment, targeting both blasts and the pivotal leukemic stem cells while sparing normal bone marrow cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Sanjiv
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Therese M. Pham
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tom Erkers
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Viktoriia Tsuber
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Almlöf
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Höglund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yaser Heshmati
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brinton Seashore-Ludlow
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akhilesh Nagesh Danda
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helge Gad
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisee Wiita
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla Göktürk
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Azita Rasti
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefanie Friedrich
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Centio
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/National University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Montserrat Estruch
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/National University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thea Kristin Våtsveen
- Department for Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Center for B cell malignancies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nona Struyf
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torkild Visnes
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Scobie
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Koolmeister
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Henriksson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olov Wallner
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Teresa Sandvall
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sören Lehmann
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medical Sciences, Haematology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kim Theilgaard-Mönch
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/National University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet/National Univ. Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Päivi Östling
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julian Walfridsson
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Warpman Berglund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Oxcia AB, Stockholm, Sweden.,Corresponding Author: Ulrika Warpman Berglund, Department of Oncology Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Tomtebodavägen 23A, Stockholm 17121, Sweden or Oxcia AB, Norrbackagatan 70C, SE-113 34 Stockholm, Sweden. Phone: 46-73-2709605; E-mail: or
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15
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Design concepts of half-sandwich organoruthenium anticancer agents based on bidentate bioactive ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Kawatani M, Aono H, Hiranuma S, Shimizu T, Muroi M, Ogawa N, Ohishi T, Ohba SI, Kawada M, Nogawa T, Okano A, Hashizume D, Osada H. Identification of a Small-Molecule Glucose Transporter Inhibitor, Glutipyran, That Inhibits Cancer Cell Growth. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:1576-1586. [PMID: 34296611 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to survive and grow. Small-molecule inhibitors targeting cancer are useful for studying its metabolic pathways and functions and for developing anticancer drugs. Here, we discovered that glutipyran and its derivatives inhibit glycolytic activity and cell growth in human pancreatic cancer cells. According to proteomic profiling of glutipyran-treated cells using our ChemProteoBase, glutipyran was clustered within the group of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inducers that included glycolysis inhibitors. Glutipyran inhibited glucose uptake and suppressed the growth of various cancer cells, including A431 cells that express glucose transporter class I (GLUT1) and DLD-1 GLUT1 knockout cells. When cotreated with the mitochondrial respiration inhibitor metformin, glutipyran exhibited a synergistic antiproliferative effect. Metabolome analysis revealed that glutipyran markedly decreased most metabolites of the glycolytic pathway and the pentose phosphate pathway. Glutipyran significantly suppressed tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model of pancreatic cancer. These results suggest that glutipyran acts as a broad-spectrum GLUT inhibitor and reduces cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kawatani
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Harumi Aono
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Sayoko Hiranuma
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimizu
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Makoto Muroi
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Naoko Ogawa
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Ohishi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 18-24 Miyamoto, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-0301, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Ohba
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 18-24 Miyamoto, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-0301, Japan
| | - Manabu Kawada
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 18-24 Miyamoto, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-0301, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Nogawa
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akiko Okano
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- Materials Characterization Support Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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17
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Challa VR, Kwon D, Taron M, Fan H, Kang B, Wilson D, Haeckl FPJ, Keerthisinghe S, Linington RG, Britton R. Total synthesis of biselide A. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5534-5543. [PMID: 34168790 PMCID: PMC8179649 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06223e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A total synthesis of the marine macrolide biselide A is described that relies on an enantiomerically enriched α-chloroaldehyde as the sole chiral building block. Several strategies to construct the macrocycle are presented including a macrocyclic Reformatsky reaction that ultimately provides access to the natural product in a longest linear sequence of 18 steps. Biological testing of synthetic biselide A suggests this macrolide disrupts cell division through a mechanism related to the regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization. Overall, this concise synthesis and insight gained into the mechanism of action should inspire medicinal chemistry efforts directed at structurally related anticancer marine macrolides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal Rao Challa
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Daniel Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Matthew Taron
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Hope Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Baldip Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Darryl Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - F P Jake Haeckl
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Sandra Keerthisinghe
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Roger G Linington
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Robert Britton
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
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18
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Inhibitor development of MTH1 via high-throughput screening with fragment based library and MTH1 substrate binding cavity. Bioorg Chem 2021; 110:104813. [PMID: 33774493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
MutT Homolog 1 (MTH1) has been proven to hydrolyze oxidized nucleotide triphosphates during DNA repair. It can prevent the incorporation of wrong nucleotides during DNA replication and mitigate cell apoptosis. In a cancer cell, abundant reactive oxygen species can lead to substantial DNA damage and DNA mutations by base-pairing mismatch. MTH1 could eliminate oxidized dNTP and prevent cancer cells from entering cell death. Therefore, inhibition of MTH1 activity is considered to be an anti-cancer therapeutic target. In this study, high-throughput screening techniques were combined with a fragment-based library containing 2,313 compounds, which were used to screen for lead compounds with MTH1 inhibitor activity. Four compounds with MTH1 inhibitor ability were selected, and compound MI0639 was found to have the highest effective inhibition. To discover the selectivity and specificity of this action, several derivatives based on the MTH1 and MI0639 complex structure were synthesized. We compared 14 complex structures of MTH1 and the various compounds in combination with enzymatic inhibition and thermodynamic analysis. Nanomolar-range IC50 inhibition abilities by enzyme kinetics and Kd values by thermodynamic analysis were obtained for two compounds, named MI1020 and MI1024. Based on structural information and compound optimization, we aim to provide a strategy for the development of MTH1 inhibitors with high selectivity and specificity.
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19
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Shi H, Ishikawa R, Heh CH, Sasaki S, Taniguchi Y. Development of MTH1-Binding Nucleotide Analogs Based on 7,8-Dihalogenated 7-Deaza-dG Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031274. [PMID: 33525366 PMCID: PMC7866122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MTH1 is an enzyme that hydrolyzes 8-oxo-dGTP, which is an oxidatively damaged nucleobase, into 8-oxo-dGMP in nucleotide pools to prevent its mis-incorporation into genomic DNA. Selective and potent MTH1-binding molecules have potential as biological tools and drug candidates. We recently developed 8-halogenated 7-deaza-dGTP as an 8-oxo-dGTP mimic and found that it was not hydrolyzed, but inhibited enzyme activity. To further increase MTH1 binding, we herein designed and synthesized 7,8-dihalogenated 7-deaza-dG derivatives. We successfully synthesized multiple derivatives, including substituted nucleosides and nucleotides, using 7-deaza-dG as a starting material. Evaluations of the inhibition of MTH1 activity revealed the strong inhibitory effects on enzyme activity of the 7,8-dihalogenated 7-deaza-dG derivatives, particularly 7,8-dibromo 7-daza-dGTP. Based on the results obtained on kinetic parameters and from computational docking simulating studies, these nucleotide analogs interacted with the active site of MTH1 and competitively inhibited the substrate 8-oxodGTP. Therefore, novel properties of repair enzymes in cells may be elucidated using new compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (H.S.); (R.I.); (S.S.)
| | - Ren Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (H.S.); (R.I.); (S.S.)
| | - Choon Han Heh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Shigeki Sasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (H.S.); (R.I.); (S.S.)
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch Machi, Sasebo City, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan
| | - Yosuke Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (H.S.); (R.I.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-92-642-6569
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20
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Murugesan S, Murugesan J, Palaniappan S, Palaniappan S, Murugan T, Siddiqui SS, Loganathan S. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) in Lung Cancer Treatment: A Comprehensive Analysis. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:55-69. [PMID: 33038912 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666201009130008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading type of cancer worldwide today. Kinases play a crucial role in mediating the signaling pathways, and it directs to control several necessary cellular processes. Conversely, the deregulation of tyrosine kinases leads to oncogenic conversion, uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Tyrosine kinases are largely deregulated in lung cancer and specifically in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therefore, the inhibition of pathogenic kinases is a breakthrough development in cancer research, treatment and care, which clinically improve the quality of life. In the last decades, various single or combination inhibitors are approved by U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and commercially available in clinics, and currently, several preclinical studies are ongoing and examining the kinase inhibitors. However, many gaps remain in understanding the mechanisms of kinase inhibitors and their selectivity. In this analysis, we focus on a class of receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and their novel role in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Murugesan
- Department of Environmental Science, Periyar University, Salem-636011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayakumar Murugesan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar- 608002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Seedevi Palaniappan
- Department of Environmental Science, Periyar University, Salem-636011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivasankar Palaniappan
- Department of Environmental Science, Periyar University, Salem-636011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tamilselvi Murugan
- Department of Zoology, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Coimbatore-641018, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shahid S Siddiqui
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL-60637, United States
| | - Sivakumar Loganathan
- Department of Environmental Science, Periyar University, Salem-636011, Tamil Nadu, India
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21
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Zhang L, Misiara L, Samaranayake GJ, Sharma N, Nguyen DM, Tahara YK, Kool ET, Rai P. OGG1 co-inhibition antagonizes the tumor-inhibitory effects of targeting MTH1. Redox Biol 2021; 40:101848. [PMID: 33450725 PMCID: PMC7810763 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells develop protective adaptations against oxidative DNA damage, providing a strong rationale for targeting DNA repair proteins. There has been a high degree of recent interest in inhibiting the mammalian Nudix pyrophosphatase MutT Homolog 1 (MTH1). MTH1 degrades 8-oxo-dGTP, thus limiting its incorporation into genomic DNA. MTH1 inhibition has variously been shown to induce genomic 8-oxo-dG elevation, genotoxic strand breaks in p53-functional cells, and tumor-inhibitory outcomes. Genomically incorporated 8-oxo-dG is excised by the base excision repair enzyme, 8-oxo-dG glycosylase 1 (OGG1). Thus, OGG1 inhibitors have been developed with the idea that their combination with MTH1 inhibitors will have anti-tumor effects by increasing genomic oxidative DNA damage. However, contradictory to this idea, we found that human lung adenocarcinoma with low OGG1 and MTH1 were robustly represented in patient datasets. Furthermore, OGG1 co-depletion mitigated the extent of DNA strand breaks and cellular senescence in MTH1-depleted p53-wildtype lung adenocarcinoma cells. Similarly, shMTH1-transduced cells were less sensitive to the OGG1 inhibitor, SU0268, than shGFP-transduced counterparts. Although the dual OGG1/MTH1 inhibitor, SU0383, induced greater cytotoxicity than equivalent combined or single doses of its parent scaffold MTH1 and OGG1 inhibitors, IACS-4759 and SU0268, this effect was only observed at the highest concentration assessed. Collectively, using both genetic depletion as well as small molecule inhibitors, our findings suggest that OGG1/MTH1 co-inhibition is unlikely to yield significant tumor-suppressive benefit. Instead such co-inhibition may exert tumor-protective effects by preventing base excision repair-induced DNA nicks and p53 induction, thus potentially conferring a survival advantage to the treated tumors. Low MTH1/low OGG1 tumors are robustly represented in patient lung adenocarcinoma datasets but low MTH1/high OGG1 are not. Co-depletion of OGG1 in lung adenocarcinoma cells mitigates shMTH1-induced DNA strand breaks and p53-induced senescence. p53-null tumor cells have lower OGG1 vs. wt p53 counterparts and are more resistant to MTH1 loss-induced anti-tumor effects. Pharmacologic co-inhibition of OGG1 and MTH1 does not enhance cytotoxicity over the respective single inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Medical School, FL 33136, USA
| | - Laura Misiara
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami, FL 33146, USA
| | - Govindi J Samaranayake
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Medical School, FL 33136, USA
| | - Nisha Sharma
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami, FL 33146, USA
| | - Dao M Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Medical School, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Yu-Ki Tahara
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eric T Kool
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Priyamvada Rai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Medical School, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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22
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Yin Y, Chen F. Targeting human MutT homolog 1 (MTH1) for cancer eradication: current progress and perspectives. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:2259-2271. [PMID: 33354500 PMCID: PMC7745060 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Since accelerated metabolism produces much higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells compared to ROS levels found in normal cells, human MutT homolog 1 (MTH1), which sanitizes oxidized nucleotide pools, was recently demonstrated to be crucial for the survival of cancer cells, but not required for the proliferation of normal cells. Therefore, dozens of MTH1 inhibitors have been developed with the aim of suppressing cancer growth by accumulating oxidative damage in cancer cells. While several inhibitors were indeed confirmed to be effective, some inhibitors failed to kill cancer cells, complicating MTH1 as a viable target for cancer eradication. In this review, we summarize the current status of developing MTH1 inhibitors as drug candidates, classify the MTH1 inhibitors based on their structures, and offer our perspectives toward the therapeutic potential against cancer through the targeting of MTH1.
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Key Words
- AI, 7-azaindole
- AID, 7-azaindazole
- AP, aminopyrimidine
- AQ, amidoquinolines
- AZ, 2-aminoquinazoline
- Anticancer
- CETSA, cellular thermal shift assay
- CR, cyclometalated ruthenium
- DDR, DNA damage response
- DNA repair
- F, fragment
- FP, farnesyl phenolic
- IC50, half-maximal inhibitory concentrations
- Inhibitor
- MMR, DNA mismatch repair
- MTH1
- MTH1, human MutT homolog 1
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- Oxidized nucleotide
- P, purinone
- PDT, photodynamic therapy
- PM, purinone macrocycle
- Pu, purine
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TLR7, Toll-like receptor 7
- TPP, thermal proteome profiling
- TS-FITGE, thermal stability shift-based fluorescence difference in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Yin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Fener Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
- Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +86 21 65643811.
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23
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Radiolabeled 6-(2, 3-Dichlorophenyl)-N4-methylpyrimidine-2, 4-diamine (TH287): A Potential Radiotracer for Measuring and Imaging MTH1. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228860. [PMID: 33238630 PMCID: PMC7700685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MTH1 (MutT homolog 1) or NUDT1 (Nudix Hydrolase 1), also known as oxidized purine nucleoside triphosphatase, has potential as a biomarker for monitoring cancer progression and quantifying target engagement for relevant therapies. In this study, we validate one MTH1 inhibitor TH287 as a PET MTH1 radiotracer. TH287 was radiolabeled with tritium and the binding of [3H]TH287 to MTH1 was evaluated in live glioblastoma cells (U251MG) through saturation and competitive binding assays, together with in vitro enzymatic assays. Furthermore, TH287 was radiolabeled with carbon-11 for in vivo microPET studies. Saturation binding assays show that [3H]TH287 has a dissociation constant (Kd) of 1.97 ± 0.18 nM, Bmax of 2676 ± 122 fmol/mg protein for U251MG cells, and nH of 0.98 ± 0.02. Competitive binding assays show that TH287 (Ki: 3.04 ± 0.14 nM) has a higher affinity for MTH1 in U251MG cells compared to another well studied MTH1 inhibitor: (S)-crizotinib (Ki: 153.90 ± 20.48 nM). In vitro enzymatic assays show that TH287 has an IC50 of 2.2 nM in inhibiting MTH1 hydrolase activity and a Ki of 1.3 nM from kinetics assays, these results are consistent with our radioligand binding assays. Furthermore, MicroPET imaging shows that [11C]TH287 gets into the brain with rapid clearance from the brain, kidney, and heart. The results presented here indicate that radiolabeled TH287 has favorable properties to be a useful tool for measuring MTH1 in vitro and for further evaluation for in vivo PET imaging MTH1 of brain tumors and other central nervous system disorders.
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24
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Hu M, Ning J, Mao L, Yu Y, Wu Y. Antitumour activity of TH1579, a novel MTH1 inhibitor, against castration-resistant prostate cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:62. [PMID: 33281973 PMCID: PMC7709546 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) treatment still remains difficult. The aim of the present study was to determine the antitumour efficacy of the MutT homolog 1 (MTH1) inhibitor, TH1579, against castration-resistant prostate cancer. PC-3 and DU-145 prostate cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of TH1579. C4-2 cells with or without androgen receptor (AR) were also treated with TH1579 to assess AR function. Cell survival, 8-oxo-dG levels and DNA damage were measured using cell viability assays, western blotting, immunofluorescence analysis and flow cytometry. TH1579 inhibited CRPC cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The viabilities of PC-3 and DU-145 cells treated with 1 µM of TH1579 were 28.6 and 24.1%, respectively. The viabilities of C4-2 cells with and without AR treated with 1 µM TH1579 were 10.6 and 19.0%, respectively. Moreover, TH1579 treatment increased 8-oxo-dG levels, as well as the number of 53BP1 and γH2A.X foci, resulting in increased DNA double-strand breakage and apoptosis in PC-3 and DU-145 cells. The findings of the present study demonstrated that TH1579 exerted strong antitumour effects on CRPC cells, and may therefore be used as a potential therapeutic agent for the clinical treatment of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqiu Hu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233040, P.R. China
| | - Jing Ning
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233040, P.R. China
| | - Likai Mao
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233040, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233040, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233040, P.R. China
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25
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Arczewska KD, Krasuska W, Stachurska A, Karpińska K, Sikorska J, Kiedrowski M, Lange D, Stępień T, Czarnocka B. hMTH1 and GPX1 expression in human thyroid tissue is interrelated to prevent oxidative DNA damage. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 95:102954. [PMID: 32877752 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is recognized as disturbance of cellular equilibrium between reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and their elimination by antioxidant defense systems. One example of ROS-mediated damage is generation of potentially mutagenic DNA precursor, 8-oxodGTP. In human cells genomic 8-oxodGTP incorporation is prevented by the MutT homologue 1 (MTH1 or hMTH1 for human MTH1) protein. It is well established that malignant cells, including thyroid cancer cells, require hMTH1 for maintaining proliferation and cancerous transformation phenotype. Above observations led to the development of hMTH1 inhibitors as novel anticancer therapeutics. In the current study we present extensive analysis of oxidative stress responses determining sensitivity to hMTH1 deficiency in cultured thyroid cells. We observe here that hMTH1 depletion results in downregulation of several glutathione-dependent OS defense system factors, including GPX1 and GCLM, making some of the tested thyroid cell lines highly dependent on glutathione levels. This is evidenced by the increased ROS burden and enhanced proliferation defect after combination of hMTH1 siRNA and glutathione synthesis inhibition. Moreover, due to the lack of data on hMTH1 expression in human thyroid tumor specimens we decided to perform detailed analysis of hMTH1 expression in thyroid tumor and peri-tumoral tissues from human patients. Our results allow us to propose here that anticancer activity of hMTH1 suppression may be boosted by combination with agents modulating glutathione pool, but further studies are necessary to precisely identify backgrounds susceptible to such combination treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna D Arczewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Wanda Krasuska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Stachurska
- Department of Immunohematology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Karpińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of the Molecular Biology of Cancer, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, S. Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Sikorska
- Department of Immunohematology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mirosław Kiedrowski
- Clinical Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration in Warsaw, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Wołowska 137, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Lange
- Tumor Pathology Department, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Stępień
- Department of General and Endocrinological Surgery, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Pabianicka 62, 93-036 Łódź, Poland
| | - Barbara Czarnocka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
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26
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Bhavya B, Easwer HV, Vilanilam GC, Anand CR, Sreelakshmi K, Urulangodi M, Rajalakshmi P, Neena I, Padmakrishnan CJ, Menon GR, Krishnakumar K, Deepti AN, Gopala S. MutT Homolog1 has multifaceted role in glioma and is under the apparent orchestration by Hypoxia Inducible factor1 alpha. Life Sci 2020; 264:118673. [PMID: 33130078 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The study focused on the expression and role of a recent potential cancer therapeutic target protein, MutT Homolog1 (MTH1). MTH1 gets activated in an increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) environment and removes the oxidized nucleotides from the cell. The study aimed to check the role of MTH1 in DNA damage and apoptosis, migration and angiogenesis and also to examine its regulation in glioma. MAIN METHODS The experiments were carried out in human glioma tissue samples and brain tissues of epilepsy patients (non-tumor control). We used two human glioblastomas cell lines, U87MG and U251MG cells. In order to study the role of MTH1 in glioma and to analyze the relation of MTH1 with Hif1α, we have used MTH1 siRNA and Hif1α siRNA respectively. KEY FINDINGS We found an increased expression of MTH1 in glioma tissues compared to the non-tumor brain tissues. Correlation analysis revealed that those samples showing reduced expression of MTH1 also had high levels of DNA damage and apoptotic markers, while diminished expression of angiogenesis regulators and levels of migration. MTH1 knockdown in vitro by siRNA in tumor cell lines corroborates the above observation. This justifies the emergence of MTH1 inhibitors as potential first-in-class drugs. Mechanistically, our observations suggest that Hif1α may modulate MTH1 expression. SIGNIFICANCE We found elevated MTH1 expression in glioma irrespective of their grades, while its inhibition affects multiple tumor progression pathways, and that targeting Hif1α could simulate the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathan Bhavya
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
| | - H V Easwer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
| | - G C Vilanilam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
| | - C R Anand
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
| | - K Sreelakshmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Madhusoodanan Urulangodi
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
| | - P Rajalakshmi
- Department of Pathology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Issac Neena
- Department of Pathology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
| | - C J Padmakrishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Girish R Menon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
| | - K Krishnakumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
| | - A N Deepti
- Department of Pathology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Srinivas Gopala
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India.
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27
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Borys F, Joachimiak E, Krawczyk H, Fabczak H. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Affecting Microtubule Dynamics in Normal and Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:E3705. [PMID: 32823874 PMCID: PMC7464520 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs), highly dynamic structures composed of α- and β-tubulin heterodimers, are involved in cell movement and intracellular traffic and are essential for cell division. Within the cell, MTs are not uniform as they can be composed of different tubulin isotypes that are post-translationally modified and interact with different microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). These diverse intrinsic factors influence the dynamics of MTs. Extrinsic factors such as microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) can also affect MT dynamics. MTAs can be divided into two main categories: microtubule-stabilizing agents (MSAs) and microtubule-destabilizing agents (MDAs). Thus, the MT skeleton is an important target for anticancer therapy. This review discusses factors that determine the microtubule dynamics in normal and cancer cells and describes microtubule-MTA interactions, highlighting the importance of tubulin isoform diversity and post-translational modifications in MTA responses and the consequences of such a phenomenon, including drug resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Borys
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 3 Noakowskiego Street, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ewa Joachimiak
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Hanna Krawczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 3 Noakowskiego Street, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Hanna Fabczak
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
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28
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Das I, Gad H, Bräutigam L, Pudelko L, Tuominen R, Höiom V, Almlöf I, Rajagopal V, Hansson J, Helleday T, Egyházi Brage S, Warpman Berglund U. AXL and CAV-1 play a role for MTH1 inhibitor TH1579 sensitivity in cutaneous malignant melanoma. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:2081-2098. [PMID: 31919461 PMCID: PMC7308409 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0488-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is the deadliest form of skin cancer and clinically challenging due to its propensity to develop therapy resistance. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can induce DNA damage and play a significant role in CMM. MTH1 protein protects from ROS damage and is often overexpressed in different cancer types including CMM. Herein, we report that MTH1 inhibitor TH1579 induced ROS levels, increased DNA damage responses, caused mitotic arrest and suppressed CMM proliferation leading to cell death both in vitro and in an in vivo xenograft CMM zebrafish disease model. TH1579 was more potent in abrogating cell proliferation and inducing cell death in a heterogeneous co-culture setting when compared with CMM standard treatments, vemurafenib or trametinib, showing its broad anticancer activity. Silencing MTH1 alone exhibited similar cytotoxic effects with concomitant induction of mitotic arrest and ROS induction culminating in cell death in most CMM cell lines tested, further emphasizing the importance of MTH1 in CMM cells. Furthermore, overexpression of receptor tyrosine kinase AXL, previously demonstrated to contribute to BRAF inhibitor resistance, sensitized BRAF mutant and BRAF/NRAS wildtype CMM cells to TH1579. AXL overexpression culminated in increased ROS levels in CMM cells. Moreover, silencing of a protein that has shown opposing effects on cell proliferation, CAV-1, decreased sensitivity to TH1579 in a BRAF inhibitor resistant cell line. AXL-MTH1 and CAV-1-MTH1 mRNA expressions were correlated as seen in CMM clinical samples. Finally, TH1579 in combination with BRAF inhibitor exhibited a more potent cell killing effect in BRAF mutant cells both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, we show that TH1579-mediated efficacy is independent of BRAF/NRAS mutational status but dependent on the expression of AXL and CAV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishani Das
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helge Gad
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Weston Park Cancer Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Lars Bräutigam
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Pudelko
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rainer Tuominen
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veronica Höiom
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Almlöf
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Varshni Rajagopal
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Hansson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, S-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Weston Park Cancer Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Suzanne Egyházi Brage
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Warpman Berglund
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden.
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29
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Rudd SG, Gad H, Sanjiv K, Amaral N, Hagenkort A, Groth P, Ström CE, Mortusewicz O, Berglund UW, Helleday T. MTH1 Inhibitor TH588 Disturbs Mitotic Progression and Induces Mitosis-Dependent Accumulation of Genomic 8-oxodG. Cancer Res 2020; 80:3530-3541. [PMID: 32312836 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) oxidize nucleotide triphosphate pools (e.g., 8-oxodGTP), which may kill cells if incorporated into DNA. Whether cancers avoid poisoning from oxidized nucleotides by preventing incorporation via the oxidized purine diphosphatase MTH1 remains under debate. Also, little is known about DNA polymerases incorporating oxidized nucleotides in cells or how oxidized nucleotides in DNA become toxic. Here we show that replacement of one of the main DNA replicases in human cells, DNA polymerase delta (Pol δ), with an error-prone variant allows increased 8-oxodG accumulation into DNA following treatment with TH588, a dual MTH1 inhibitor and microtubule targeting agent. The resulting elevated genomic 8-oxodG correlated with increased cytotoxicity of TH588. Interestingly, no substantial perturbation of replication fork progression was observed, but rather mitotic progression was impaired and mitotic DNA synthesis triggered. Reducing mitotic arrest by reversin treatment prevented accumulation of genomic 8-oxodG and reduced cytotoxicity of TH588, in line with the notion that mitotic arrest is required for ROS buildup and oxidation of the nucleotide pool. Furthermore, delayed mitosis and increased mitotic cell death was observed following TH588 treatment in cells expressing the error-prone but not wild-type Pol δ variant, which is not observed following treatments with antimitotic agents. Collectively, these results link accumulation of genomic oxidized nucleotides with disturbed mitotic progression. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings uncover a novel link between accumulation of genomic 8-oxodG and perturbed mitotic progression in cancer cells, which can be exploited therapeutically using MTH1 inhibitors.See related commentary by Alnajjar and Sweasy, p. 3459.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean G Rudd
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helge Gad
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kumar Sanjiv
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nuno Amaral
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Hagenkort
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petra Groth
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia E Ström
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oliver Mortusewicz
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Warpman Berglund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Weston Park Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Farand J, Kropf JE, Blomgren P, Xu J, Schmitt AC, Newby ZE, Wang T, Murakami E, Barauskas O, Sudhamsu J, Feng JY, Niedziela-Majka A, Schultz BE, Schwartz K, Viatchenko-Karpinski S, Kornyeyev D, Kashishian A, Fan P, Chen X, Lansdon EB, Ports MO, Currie KS, Watkins WJ, Notte GT. Discovery of Potent and Selective MTH1 Inhibitors for Oncology: Enabling Rapid Target (In)Validation. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:358-364. [PMID: 32184970 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the discovery of three structurally differentiated potent and selective MTH1 inhibitors and their subsequent use to investigate MTH1 as an oncology target, culminating in target (in)validation. Tetrahydronaphthyridine 5 was rapidly identified as a highly potent MTH1 inhibitor (IC50 = 0.043 nM). Cocrystallization of 5 with MTH1 revealed the ligand in a Φ-cis-N-(pyridin-2-yl)acetamide conformation enabling a key intramolecular hydrogen bond and polar interactions with residues Gly34 and Asp120. Modification of literature compound TH287 with O- and N-linked aryl and alkyl aryl substituents led to the discovery of potent pyrimidine-2,4,6-triamine 25 (IC50 = 0.49 nM). Triazolopyridine 32 emerged as a highly selective lead compound with a suitable in vitro profile and desirable pharmacokinetic properties in rat. Elucidation of the DNA damage response, cell viability, and intracellular concentrations of oxo-NTPs (oxidized nucleoside triphosphates) as a function of MTH1 knockdown and/or small molecule inhibition was studied. Based on our findings, we were unable to provide evidence to further pursue MTH1 as an oncology target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Farand
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Jeffrey E. Kropf
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Peter Blomgren
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Jianjun Xu
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Aaron C. Schmitt
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Zachary E. Newby
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Ting Wang
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Eisuke Murakami
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Ona Barauskas
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Jawahar Sudhamsu
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Joy Y. Feng
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Anita Niedziela-Majka
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Brian E. Schultz
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Karen Schwartz
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | | | - Dmytro Kornyeyev
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Adam Kashishian
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Peidong Fan
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Xiaowu Chen
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Eric B. Lansdon
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Michael O. Ports
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Kevin S. Currie
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 199 East Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - William J. Watkins
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Gregory T. Notte
- Gilead Sciences, Inc. 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
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Moukengue B, Brown HK, Charrier C, Battaglia S, Baud'huin M, Quillard T, Pham TM, Pateras IS, Gorgoulis VG, Helleday T, Heymann D, Berglund UW, Ory B, Lamoureux F. TH1579, MTH1 inhibitor, delays tumour growth and inhibits metastases development in osteosarcoma model. EBioMedicine 2020; 53:102704. [PMID: 32151797 PMCID: PMC7063190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumour. Unfortunately, no new treatments are approved and over the last 30 years the survival rate remains only 30% at 5 years for poor responders justifying an urgent need of new therapies. The Mutt homolog 1 (MTH1) enzyme prevents incorporation of oxidized nucleotides into DNA and recently developed MTH1 inhibitors may offer therapeutic potential as MTH1 is overexpressed in various cancers. Methods The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic benefits of targeting MTH1 with two chemical inhibitors, TH588 and TH1579 on human osteosarcoma cells. Preclinical efficacy of TH1579 was assessed in human osteosarcoma xenograft model on tumour growth and development of pulmonary metastases. Findings MTH1 is overexpressed in OS patients and tumour cell lines, compared to mesenchymal stem cells. In vitro, chemical inhibition of MTH1 by TH588 and TH1579 decreases OS cells viability, impairs their cell cycle and increases apoptosis in OS cells. TH1579 was confirmed to bind MTH1 by CETSA in OS model. Moreover, 90 mg/kg of TH1579 reduces in vivo tumour growth by 80.5% compared to non-treated group at day 48. This result was associated with the increase in 8-oxo-dG integration into tumour cells DNA and the increase of apoptosis. Additionally, TH1579 also reduces the number of pulmonary metastases. Interpretation All these results strongly provide a pre-clinical proof-of-principle that TH1579 could be a therapeutic option for patients with osteosarcoma. Funding This study was supported by La Ligue Contre le Cancer, la SFCE and Enfants Cancers Santé.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Moukengue
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, U1238, Sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, Team 3, Epistress, Rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes cedex, France
| | - Hannah K Brown
- Weston Park Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; University of Sheffield, INSERM, European Associated Laboratory "Sarcoma Research Unit", Medical School, S10 2RX, Sheffield, UK
| | - Céline Charrier
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, U1238, Sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, Team 3, Epistress, Rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes cedex, France
| | - Séverine Battaglia
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, U1238, Sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, Team 3, Epistress, Rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes cedex, France
| | - Marc Baud'huin
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, U1238, Sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, Team 3, Epistress, Rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes cedex, France; CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Thibaut Quillard
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, U1238, Sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, Team 3, Epistress, Rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes cedex, France
| | - Therese M Pham
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ioannis S Pateras
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece; Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Weston Park Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dominique Heymann
- Weston Park Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; University of Sheffield, INSERM, European Associated Laboratory "Sarcoma Research Unit", Medical School, S10 2RX, Sheffield, UK; INSERM, U1232, CRCINA, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, University of Nantes, Université d'Angers, Blvd Jacques Monod, 44805 Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Ulrika Warpman Berglund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Ory
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, U1238, Sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, Team 3, Epistress, Rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes cedex, France
| | - Francois Lamoureux
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, U1238, Sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, Team 3, Epistress, Rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes cedex, France.
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Nagasawa I, Muroi M, Kawatani M, Ohishi T, Ohba SI, Kawada M, Osada H. Identification of a Small Compound Targeting PKM2-Regulated Signaling Using 2D Gel Electrophoresis-Based Proteome-wide CETSA. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:186-196.e4. [PMID: 31813846 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) has recently been devised as a label-free method for target validation of small compounds and monitoring the thermal stabilization or destabilization of proteins due to binding with the compound. Herein, we developed a modified method by combining the CETSA and proteomics analysis based on 2D gel electrophoresis, namely 2DE-CETSA, to identify the thermal stability-shifted proteins by binding with a new compound. We applied the 2DE-CETSA for analysis of a target-unknown compound, NPD10084, which exerts anti-proliferative activity against colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, and identified pyruvate kinase muscle isoform 2 (PKM2) as a candidate target protein. Interestingly, NPD10084 interrupted protein-protein interactions between PKM2 and β-catenin or STAT3, with subsequent suppression of downstream signaling. We thus demonstrate that our 2DE-CETSA method is applicable for identification of target compounds discovered by phenotypic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Nagasawa
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Makoto Muroi
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Makoto Kawatani
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Ohishi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 18-24 Miyamoto, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-0301, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Ohba
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 18-24 Miyamoto, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-0301, Japan
| | - Manabu Kawada
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 18-24 Miyamoto, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-0301, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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Zhan D, Zhang X, Li J, Ding X, Cui Y, Jia J. MTH1 Inhibitor TH287 Suppresses Gastric Cancer Development Through the Regulation of PI3K/AKT Signaling. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2020; 35:223-232. [PMID: 32077746 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2019.3031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer cells evade oxidative stress through the MutT homologue-1 (MTH1), a member of the Nudix family. MTH1 maintains genome integrity and the viability of tumor cells. A new class of MTH1 inhibitors have attracted interest as anticancer agents, but their mechanisms of action remain poorly characterized. In this study, the authors evaluated the anticancer effects of the MTH1 inhibitor TH287 on gastric cancer (GCa) cells. Materials and Methods: BGC-823 and SGC-7901 cells were treated with TH287 and CCK-8, and colony-forming assays were performed. Cell migration was assessed through Transwell and scratch assays. Apoptotic status was measured via flow cytometry and 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolyl-carbocyanine iodide (JC-1) staining. Cell cycle status was assessed by propidium iodide (PI) staining. The expression of PI3K/AKT signaling-related proteins was verified by western blotting. Results: TH287 inhibited cell viability, reduced cell proliferation, inhibited apoptosis, induced G2/M arrest, and suppressed cell migration. A loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced Bcl-2/Bax expression were also observed in TH287-treated cells. These effects were mediated through the inhibition of pro-oncogenic PI3K/AKT signaling. Conclusions: These findings indicate that the MTH1 inhibitor TH287 mediates an array of anticancer effects in GCa cells through its effects on mitochondrial function and PI3K/AKT signaling. Collectively, these data highlight the promise of TH287 as a novel therapeutic option for GCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dankai Zhan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiaojiao Ding
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - YiXuan Cui
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jianguang Jia
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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Kinoshita S, Mizuno T, Hori M, Kohno M, Kusuhara H. Development of a Novel Platform of Proteome Profiling Based on an Easy-to-Handle and Informative 2D-DIGE System. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:2069-2075. [PMID: 31787721 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Proteome profiling based on two-dimensional (2D)-DIGE might be a useful tool for investigating drug-like compounds and the mode of action of drugs. However, obtaining data for profiling requires high labor costs, and it is difficult to control the reproducibility of spot positions because 2D-DIGE usually requires large-size glass plates and spot alignments are greatly affected by the quality of DryStrips and polyacrylamide gels (PAGs). Therefore, we have developed a novel platform by employing small size DryStrips and PAGs, and an image analysis strategy based on dual correction of spot alignment and volume. Our system can automatically detect a large number of consistent spots through all images. Cytosol fractions of HeLa cells treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or bortezomib were analyzed, 1697 consistent spots were detected, and 775 of them were significantly changed with the treatment. Deviations between different days and lot sets of DryStrips and PAGs were investigated by calculating the correlation coefficients. The mean values of the correlation between days and lot sets were 0.96 and 0.94, respectively. Clustering analysis of all the treatment data clearly separated the DMSO or bortezomib treated groups beyond day deviations. Thus, we have succeeded in developing an easy-to-handle 2D-DIGE system that can be a novel proteome profiling platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setsuo Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Tokyo.,ProMedico Co., Ltd.,Nippon Tect Systems Co., Ltd
| | - Tadahaya Mizuno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Tokyo
| | | | - Michiaki Kohno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University.,Senri Laboratory, WAKEN B TECH Co., Ltd
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Lee JW, Lee S, Ho JN, Youn JI, Byun SS, Lee E. Antitumor effects of MutT homolog 1 inhibitors in human bladder cancer cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:2265-2271. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1648207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
As standard second-line regimen has not been established for patients who are refractory to or relapse with cisplatin-based chemotherapy, an effective class of novel chemotherapeutic agents is needed for cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer. Recent publications reported that MutT homolog 1 (MTH1) inhibitors suppress tumor growth and induce impressive therapeutic responses in a variety of human cancer cells. Few studies investigated the cytotoxic effects of MTH1 inhibitors in human bladder cancer. Accordingly, we investigated the antitumor effects and the possible molecular mechanisms of MTH1 inhibitors in cisplatin-sensitive (T24) and – resistant (T24R2) human bladder cancer cell lines. These results suggest that TH588 or TH287 may induce cancer cell suppression by off-target effects such as alterations in the expression of apoptosis- and cell cycle-related proteins rather than MTH1 inhibition in cisplatin-sensitive and – resistant bladder cancer cells.
Abbreviations: MTH: MutT homolog; ROS: reactive oxygen species; CCK-8: cell counting kit-8; DCFH-DA: dichlorofluorescein diacetate; PARP: poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Woo Lee
- Department of Urology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Sangchul Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Jin-Nyoung Ho
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Je-In Youn
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Hongcheon, Korea
| | - Seok-Soo Byun
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Eunsik Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Samaranayake GJ, Troccoli CI, Zhang L, Huynh M, Jayaraj CJ, Ji D, McPherson L, Onishi Y, Nguyen DM, Robbins DJ, Karbaschi M, Cooke MS, Barrientos A, Kool ET, Rai P. The Existence of MTH1-independent 8-oxodGTPase Activity in Cancer Cells as a Compensatory Mechanism against On-target Effects of MTH1 Inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 19:432-446. [PMID: 31744893 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Investigations into the human 8-oxodGTPase, MutT Homolog 1 (MTH1), have risen sharply since the first-in-class MTH1 inhibitors were reported to be highly tumoricidal. However, MTH1 as a cancer therapeutic target is currently controversial because subsequently developed inhibitors did not exhibit similar cytotoxic effects. Here, we provide the first direct evidence for MTH1-independent 8-oxodGTPase function in human cancer cells and human tumors, using a novel ATP-releasing guanine-oxidized (ARGO) chemical probe. Our studies show that this functionally redundant 8-oxodGTPase activity is not decreased by five different published MTH1-targeting small molecules or by MTH1 depletion. Significantly, while only the two first-in-class inhibitors, TH588 and TH287, reduced cancer cell viability, all five inhibitors evaluated in our studies decreased 8-oxodGTPase activity to a similar extent. Thus, the reported efficacy of the first-in-class MTH1 inhibitors does not arise from their inhibition of MTH1-specific 8-oxodGTPase activity. Comparison of DNA strand breaks, genomic 8-oxoguanine incorporation, or alterations in cellular oxidative state by TH287 versus the noncytotoxic inhibitor, IACS-4759, contradict that the cytotoxicity of the former results solely from increased levels of oxidatively damaged genomic DNA. Thus, our findings indicate that mechanisms unrelated to oxidative stress or DNA damage likely underlie the reported efficacy of the first-in-class inhibitors. Our study suggests that MTH1 functional redundancy, existing to different extents in all cancer lines and human tumors evaluated in our study, is a thus far undefined factor which is likely to be critical in understanding the importance of MTH1 and its clinical targeting in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindi J Samaranayake
- Department of Medicine/Division of Medical Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Clara I Troccoli
- Department of Medicine/Division of Medical Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Medicine/Division of Medical Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Mai Huynh
- University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
| | | | - Debin Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Lisa McPherson
- Department of Medicine/Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Yoshiyuki Onishi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Dao M Nguyen
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - David J Robbins
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Mahsa Karbaschi
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Marcus S Cooke
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Antonio Barrientos
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Eric T Kool
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Priyamvada Rai
- Department of Medicine/Division of Medical Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida
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The MTH1 inhibitor TH588 is a microtubule-modulating agent that eliminates cancer cells by activating the mitotic surveillance pathway. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14667. [PMID: 31604991 PMCID: PMC6789014 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51205-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The mut-T homolog-1 (MTH1) inhibitor TH588 has shown promise in preclinical cancer studies but its targeting specificity has been questioned. Alternative mechanisms for the anti-cancer effects of TH588 have been suggested but the question remains unresolved. Here, we performed an unbiased CRISPR screen on human lung cancer cells to identify potential mechanisms behind the cytotoxic effect of TH588. The screen identified pathways and complexes involved in mitotic spindle regulation. Using immunofluorescence and live cell imaging, we showed that TH588 rapidly reduced microtubule plus-end mobility, disrupted mitotic spindles, and prolonged mitosis in a concentration-dependent but MTH1-independent manner. These effects activated a USP28-p53 pathway – the mitotic surveillance pathway – that blocked cell cycle reentry after prolonged mitosis; USP28 acted upstream of p53 to arrest TH588-treated cells in the G1-phase of the cell cycle. We conclude that TH588 is a microtubule-modulating agent that activates the mitotic surveillance pathway and thus prevents cancer cells from re-entering the cell cycle.
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Wang J, Nagy N, Masucci MG. The Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-1 upregulates the cellular antioxidant defense to enable B-cell growth transformation and immortalization. Oncogene 2019; 39:603-616. [PMID: 31511648 PMCID: PMC6962091 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) immortalizes human B-lymphocytes and is implicated in the pathogenesis of lymphoid and epithelial cell malignancies. The EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA)-1 induces the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which enables B-cell immortalization but causes oxidative DNA damage and triggers antiproliferative DNA damage responses. By comparing pairs of EBV-negative and -positive tumor cell lines we found that, while associated with the accumulation of oxidized nucleotides, EBV carriage promotes the concomitant activation of oxo-dNTP sanitization and purging pathways, including upregulation of the nucleoside triphosphatase mut-T homolog 1 (MTH1) and the DNA glycosylases 8-oxoguanine-glycosylase-1 (OGG1) and mut-Y homolog (MUTYH). Expression of EBNA1 was reversibly associated with transcriptional activation of this cellular response. DNA damage and apoptosis were preferentially induced in EBNA1-positive cell lines by treatment with MTH1 inhibitors, suggesting that virus carriage is linked to enhanced vulnerability to oxidative stress. MTH1, OGG1, and MUTYH were upregulated upon EBV infection in primary B-cells and treatment with MTH1 inhibitors prevented B-cell immortalization. These findings highlight an important role of the cellular antioxidant response in sustaining EBV infection, and suggests that targeting this cellular defense may offer a novel approach to antiviral therapy and could reduce the burden of EBV associated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noemi Nagy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria G Masucci
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Hua X, Sanjiv K, Gad H, Pham T, Gokturk C, Rasti A, Zhao Z, He K, Feng M, Zang Y, Zhang J, Xia Q, Helleday T, Warpman Berglund U. Karonudib is a promising anticancer therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919866960. [PMID: 31489034 PMCID: PMC6710815 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919866960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer and is generally caused by viral infections or consumption of mutagens, such as alcohol. While liver transplantation and hepatectomy is curative for some patients, many relapse into disease with few treatment options such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, for example, sorafenib or lenvatinib. The need for novel systemic treatment approaches is urgent. Methods: MTH1 expression profile was first analyzed in a HCC database and MTH1 mRNA/protein level was determined in resected HCC and paired paracancerous tissues with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry. HCC cancer cell lines were exposed in vitro to MTH1 inhibitors or depleted of MTH1 by siRNA. 8-oxoG was measured by the modified comet assay. The effect of MTH1 inhibition on tumor growth was explored in HCC xenograft in vivo models. Results: MTH1 protein level is elevated in HCC tissue compared with paracancerous liver tissue and indicates poor prognosis. The MTH1 inhibitor Karonudib (TH1579) and siRNA effectively introduce toxic oxidized nucleotides into DNA, 8-oxoG, and kill HCC cell lines in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrate that HCC growth in a xenograft mouse model in vivo is efficiently suppressed by Karonudib. Conclusion: Altogether, these data suggest HCC relies on MTH1 for survival, which can be targeted and may open up a novel treatment option for HCC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Hua
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kumar Sanjiv
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helge Gad
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Therese Pham
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla Gokturk
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Azita Rasti
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhenjun Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang He
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxuan Feng
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunjin Zang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Center of Organ Transplantation, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Warpman Berglund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodav.23A, Stockholm, 171 21, Sweden
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Wiedmer L, Schärer C, Spiliotopoulos D, Hürzeler M, Śledź P, Caflisch A. Ligand retargeting by binding site analogy. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 175:107-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Patterson JC, Joughin BA, Prota AE, Mühlethaler T, Jonas OH, Whitman MA, Varmeh S, Chen S, Balk SP, Steinmetz MO, Lauffenburger DA, Yaffe MB. VISAGE Reveals a Targetable Mitotic Spindle Vulnerability in Cancer Cells. Cell Syst 2019; 9:74-92.e8. [PMID: 31302152 PMCID: PMC6688637 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is an unmet need for new antimitotic drug combinations that target cancer-specific vulnerabilities. Based on our finding of elevated biomolecule oxidation in mitotically arrested cancer cells, we combined Plk1 inhibitors with TH588, an MTH1 inhibitor that prevents detoxification of oxidized nucleotide triphosphates. This combination showed robust synergistic killing of cancer, but not normal, cells that, surprisingly, was MTH1-independent. To dissect the underlying synergistic mechanism, we developed VISAGE, a strategy integrating experimental synergy quantification with computational-pathway-based gene expression analysis. VISAGE predicted, and we experimentally confirmed, that this synergistic combination treatment targeted the mitotic spindle. Specifically, TH588 binding to β-tubulin impaired microtubule assembly, which when combined with Plk1 blockade, synergistically disrupted mitotic chromosome positioning to the spindle midzone. These findings identify a cancer-specific mitotic vulnerability that is targetable using Plk1 inhibitors with microtubule-destabilizing agents and highlight the general utility of the VISAGE approach to elucidate molecular mechanisms of drug synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse C Patterson
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Brian A Joughin
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andrea E Prota
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Mühlethaler
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Oliver H Jonas
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew A Whitman
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shohreh Varmeh
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sen Chen
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Steven P Balk
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Michel O Steinmetz
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland; Biozentrum, University of Basel 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael B Yaffe
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Zhou W, Ma L, Yang J, Qiao H, Li L, Guo Q, Ma J, Zhao L, Wang J, Jiang G, Wan X, Adam Goscinski M, Ding L, Zheng Y, Li W, Liu H, Suo Z, Zhao W. Potent and specific MTH1 inhibitors targeting gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:434. [PMID: 31164636 PMCID: PMC6547740 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1665-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Human mutT homolog 1(MTH1), the oxidized dNTP pool sanitizer enzyme, has been reported to be highly expressed in various malignant tumors. However, the oncogenic role of MTH1 in gastric cancer remains to be determined. In the current study, we found that MTH1 was overexpressed in human gastric cancer tissues and cells. Using an in vitro MTH1 inhibitor screening system, the compounds available in our laboratory were screened and the small molecules containing 5-cyano-6-phenylpyrimidine structure were firstly found to show potently and specifically inhibitory effect on MTH1, especially compound MI-743 with IC50 = 91.44 ± 1.45 nM. Both molecular docking and target engagement experiments proved that MI-743 can directly bind to MTH1. Moreover, MI-743 could not only inhibit cell proliferation in up to 16 cancer cell lines, especially gastric cancer cells HGC-27 and MGC-803, but also significantly induce MTH1-related 8-oxo-dG accumulation and DNA damage. Furthermore, the growth of xenograft tumours derived by injection of MGC-803 cells in nude mice was also significantly inhibited by MI-743 treatment. Importantly, MTH1 knockdown by siRNA in those two gastric cancer cells exhibited the similar findings. Our findings indicate that MTH1 is highly expressed in human gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. Small molecule MI-743 with 5-cyano-6-phenylpyrimidine structure may serve as a novel lead compound targeting the overexpressed MTH1 for gastric cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0379, Norway
| | - Liying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Qian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Jinlian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Guozhong Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Xiangbin Wan
- Department of General Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Mariusz Adam Goscinski
- Department of Urology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0379, Norway
| | - Lina Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yichao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Wencai Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Hongmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| | - Zhenhe Suo
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0379, Norway.
| | - Wen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
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Proteomic Profiling for Target Identification of Biologically Active Small Molecules Using 2D DIGE. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1888:127-139. [PMID: 30519944 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8891-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent improvements in technologies such as omics analysis have enabled us to acquire a large amount of data regarding the biological changes in cells treated with bioactive small molecules. Using such data, a variety of profiling methods have been established for target identification of such bioactive compounds. In this chapter, we describe a proteomic profiling system, ChemProteoBase, based on proteome analysis using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis. This system compares the similarities in protein expression of 296 spots detected in the gel among the test compounds.
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Thavoncharoensub N, Maruyama K, Heh CH, Hoong Leong K, Shi H, Shigematsu Y, Sasaki S, Taniguchi Y. Synthesis of γ-N-modified 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine triphosphate and its characterization. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 38:578-589. [PMID: 30929604 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2019.1586919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
8-OxodGTP is generated by the reaction between dGTP and reactive oxygen species and a considered mutagenic nucleotide. It can be incorporated into the duplex DNA during replication processes by the DNA polymerase, and thus the repair enzyme removes oxodGTP from the nucleotide pools in living cells. On the other hand, the γ-modified triphosphates show interesting properties for use as biological tools. Therefore, the γ-N-pyrenylalkyl-oxodGTP derivatives were synthesized and their effect on the enzymatic reactions were evaluated. The γ-N-pyrenylmethyl-oxodGTP was found to be accepted by the DNA polymerase just like oxodGTP, but showed a competitive inhibition property for the human oxodGTPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninticha Thavoncharoensub
- a Department of Medicinal Sciences , Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University , Higashi-ku , Fukuoka , Japan.,b Department of Pharmacy , Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Kento Maruyama
- a Department of Medicinal Sciences , Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University , Higashi-ku , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Choon Han Heh
- c Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Kok Hoong Leong
- c Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Hui Shi
- a Department of Medicinal Sciences , Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University , Higashi-ku , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Shigematsu
- a Department of Medicinal Sciences , Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University , Higashi-ku , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Shigeki Sasaki
- a Department of Medicinal Sciences , Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University , Higashi-ku , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Yosuke Taniguchi
- a Department of Medicinal Sciences , Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University , Higashi-ku , Fukuoka , Japan
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Rai P, Sobol RW. Mechanisms of MTH1 inhibition-induced DNA strand breaks: The slippery slope from the oxidized nucleotide pool to genotoxic damage. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 77:18-26. [PMID: 30852368 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Unlike normal tissues, tumor cells possess a propensity for genomic instability, resulting from elevated oxidant levels produced by oncogenic signaling and aberrant cellular metabolism. Thus, targeting mechanisms that protect cancer cells from the tumor-inhibitory consequences of their redox imbalance and spontaneous DNA-damaging events is expected to have broad-spectrum efficacy and a high therapeutic index. One critical mechanism for tumor cell protection from oxidant stress is the hydrolysis of oxidized nucleotides. Human MutT homolog 1 (MTH1), the mammalian nudix (nucleoside diphosphate X) pyrophosphatase (NUDT1), protects tumor cells from oxidative stress-induced genomic DNA damage by cleansing the nucleotide pool of oxidized purine nucleotides. Depletion or pharmacologic inhibition of MTH1 results in genomic DNA strand breaks in many cancer cells. However, the mechanisms underlying how oxidized nucleotides, thought mainly to be mutagenic rather than genotoxic, induce DNA strand breaks are largely unknown. Given the recent therapeutic interest in targeting MTH1, a better understanding of such mechanisms is crucial to its successful translation into the clinic and in identifying the molecular contexts under which its inhibition is likely to be beneficial. Here we provide a comprehensive perspective on MTH1 function and its importance in protecting genome integrity, in the context of tumor-associated oxidative stress and the mechanisms that likely lead to irreparable DNA strand breaks as a result of MTH1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyamvada Rai
- Department of Medicine/Division of Medical Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, United States; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, 33136, United States.
| | - Robert W Sobol
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, AL, 36604, United States.
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van der Waals LM, Laoukili J, Jongen JMJ, Raats DA, Borel Rinkes IHM, Kranenburg O. Differential anti-tumour effects of MTH1 inhibitors in patient-derived 3D colorectal cancer cultures. Sci Rep 2019; 9:819. [PMID: 30692572 PMCID: PMC6349914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37316-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) function as second messengers in signal transduction, but high ROS levels can also cause cell death. MTH1 dephosphorylates oxidized nucleotides, thereby preventing their incorporation into DNA and protecting tumour cells from oxidative DNA damage. Inhibitors of MTH1 (TH588 and (S)-crizotinib) were shown to reduce cancer cell viability. However, the MTH1-dependency of the anti-cancer effects of these drugs has recently been questioned. Here, we have assessed anti-tumour effects of TH588 and (S)-crizotinib in patient-derived 3D colorectal cancer cultures. Hypoxia and reoxygenation – conditions that increase intracellular ROS levels – increased sensitivity to (S)-crizotinib, but not to TH588. (S)-crizotinib reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of c-MET and ErbB3 whereas TH588 induced a mitotic cell cycle arrest, which was not affected by adding ROS-modulating compounds. Furthermore, we show that both compounds induced DNA damage that could not be prevented by adding the ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Moreover, adding ROS-modulating compounds did not alter the reduction in viability in response to TH588 and (S)-crizotinib. We conclude that TH588 and (S)-crizotinib have very clear and distinct anti-tumour effects in 3D colorectal cancer cultures, but that these effects most likely occur through distinct and ROS-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizet M van der Waals
- Laboratory Translational Oncology, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jamila Laoukili
- Laboratory Translational Oncology, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer M J Jongen
- Laboratory Translational Oncology, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle A Raats
- Laboratory Translational Oncology, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inne H M Borel Rinkes
- Laboratory Translational Oncology, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Onno Kranenburg
- Laboratory Translational Oncology, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Pompsch M, Vogel J, Classen F, Kranz P, Iliakis G, Riffkin H, Brockmeier U, Metzen E. The presumed MTH1-inhibitor TH588 sensitizes colorectal carcinoma cells to ionizing radiation in hypoxia. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1190. [PMID: 30497423 PMCID: PMC6267833 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The nudix family member enzyme MutT homologue-1 (MTH1) hydrolyses the oxidized nucleotides 8-oxo-dGTP and 2-hydroxy-dATP and thus prevents the incorporation of damaged nucleotides into nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Therefore MTH1 was proposed to protect cancer cells from oxidative DNA lesions and subsequent cell death. We investigated whether the bona fide MTH1 inhibitor TH588 affects responses of cultured colorectal tumor cells to ionizing radiation (IR) in normoxia and in moderate or severe hypoxia. Methods TH588 was tested in cell viability and survival assays (tetrazolium dye (MTT), propidium iodide staining, caspase-3 activity, and colony formation assays (CFA)) in colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT116 and SW480) in combination with IR in normoxia and in hypoxia. Additionally, MTH1 was targeted by lentiviral shRNA expression. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were assessed in MTT assays. Results In all cell lines tested, TH588 dose-dependently impaired cell survival. In CFAs, TH588 and IR effects on carcinoma cells were additive in normoxia and in hypoxia. Using 3 different shRNAs, the lentiviral approach was detrimental to SW480, but not to HCT116. Conclusions TH588 has cytotoxic effects on transformed and untransformed cells and synergizes with IR in normoxia and in hypoxia. TH588 toxicity is not fully explained by MTH1 inhibition as HCT116 were unaffected by lentiviral suppression of MTH1 expression. TH588 should be explored further because it has radiosensitizing effects in hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosche Pompsch
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, D45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Vogel
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, D45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Fabian Classen
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, D45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Philip Kranz
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, D45122, Essen, Germany
| | - George Iliakis
- Institut für Medizinische Strahlenbiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, D45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Helena Riffkin
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, D45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf Brockmeier
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, D45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Eric Metzen
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, D45122, Essen, Germany.
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Visnes T, Grube M, Hanna BMF, Benitez-Buelga C, Cázares-Körner A, Helleday T. Targeting BER enzymes in cancer therapy. DNA Repair (Amst) 2018; 71:118-126. [PMID: 30228084 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Base excision repair (BER) repairs mutagenic or genotoxic DNA base lesions, thought to be important for both the etiology and treatment of cancer. Cancer phenotypic stress induces oxidative lesions, and deamination products are responsible for one of the most prevalent mutational signatures in cancer. Chemotherapeutic agents induce genotoxic DNA base damage that are substrates for BER, while synthetic lethal approaches targeting BER-related factors are making their way into the clinic. Thus, there are three strategies by which BER is envisioned to be relevant in cancer chemotherapy: (i) to maintain cellular growth in the presence of endogenous DNA damage in stressed cancer cells, (ii) to maintain viability after exogenous DNA damage is introduced by therapeutic intervention, or (iii) to confer synthetic lethality in cancer cells that have lost one or more additional DNA repair pathways. Here, we discuss the potential treatment strategies, and briefly summarize the progress that has been made in developing inhibitors to core BER-proteins and related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torkild Visnes
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maurice Grube
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bishoy Magdy Fekry Hanna
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carlos Benitez-Buelga
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Armando Cázares-Körner
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; Sheffield Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
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The Human Papillomavirus E6 PDZ Binding Motif Links DNA Damage Response Signaling to E6 Inhibition of p53 Transcriptional Activity. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.00465-18. [PMID: 29848585 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00465-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of a PDZ binding motif (PBM) in the human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 oncoprotein appears to be a characteristic marker of high oncogenic potential and confers interaction with a number of different cellular PDZ domain-containing substrates. The E6 PBM is also subject to phosphorylation, resulting in inhibition of E6 PDZ binding activity and instead allowing E6 to associate with 14-3-3 proteins. In this study, we analyzed the conditions under which the E6 PBM is phosphorylated. We demonstrate that in normal cycling cells, the levels of E6 phosphorylation are very low. However, following exposure of cells to oxidative stress or the induction of DNA damage, there is a striking increase in the levels of E6 phosphorylation. Depending on the specific stimulus, this phosphorylation of E6 can involve the ATM/ATR pathway and is performed primarily through Chk1, although the Chk2 pathway is also involved indirectly through activation of protein kinase A (PKA). To understand the biological relevance of these phospho-modifications of E6, we analyzed their effects upon the ability of E6 to inhibit p53 transcriptional activity. We show that an intact E6 phospho-acceptor site plays an essential role in the ability of E6 to inhibit p53 transcriptional activity on a subset of p53-responsive promoters in a manner that is independent of E6's ability to direct p53 degradation. These results are, to our knowledge, the first example of a DNA damage response controlling PBM-PDZ recognition. This study also provides links between the DNA damage response, the regulation of E6 PBM function, and the inhibition of p53 activity and begins to explain how HPV-infected cells remain within the cell cycle, despite activation of DNA damage response pathways during productive virus infections.IMPORTANCE The cancer-causing HPV E6 oncoproteins all possess a PDZ binding motif at their extreme carboxy termini. Depending upon whether this motif is phosphorylated, E6 can recognize PDZ domain-containing proteins or members of the 14-3-3 family of proteins. We show here that DNA damage response pathways directly signal to the E6 PBM, resulting in Chk1- and Chk2-driven phosphorylation. This phosphorylation is particularly pronounced following treatment of cells with a variety of different chemotherapeutic drugs. A direct functional consequence of this signaling is to confer an enhanced ability upon E6 to inhibit p53 transcriptional activity in a proteasome-independent but phosphorylation-dependent manner. These results are the first example of DNA damage signaling pathways regulating PBM-PDZ interactions and provide the mechanistic link between E6 PBM function and perturbation of p53 activity.
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Einarsdottir BO, Karlsson J, Söderberg EMV, Lindberg MF, Funck-Brentano E, Jespersen H, Brynjolfsson SF, Olofsson Bagge R, Carstam L, Scobie M, Koolmeister T, Wallner O, Stierner U, Berglund UW, Ny L, Nilsson LM, Larsson E, Helleday T, Nilsson JA. A patient-derived xenograft pre-clinical trial reveals treatment responses and a resistance mechanism to karonudib in metastatic melanoma. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:810. [PMID: 30042422 PMCID: PMC6057880 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0865-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Karonudib (TH1579) is a novel compound that exerts anti-tumor activities and has recently entered phase I clinical testing. The aim of this study was to conduct a pre-clinical trial in patient-derived xenografts to identify the possible biomarkers of response or resistance that could guide inclusion of patients suffering from metastatic melanoma in phase II clinical trials. Patient-derived xenografts from 31 melanoma patients with metastatic disease were treated with karonudib or a vehicle for 18 days. Treatment responses were followed by measuring tumor sizes, and the models were categorized in the response groups. Tumors were harvested and processed for RNA sequencing and protein analysis. To investigate the effect of karonudib on T-cell-mediated anti-tumor activities, tumor-infiltrating T cells were injected in mice carrying autologous tumors and the mice treated with karonudib. We show that karonudib has heterogeneous anti-tumor effect on metastatic melanoma. Thus, based on the treatment responses, we could divide the 31 patient-derived xenografts in three treatment groups: progression group (32%), suppression group (42%), and regression group (26%). Furthermore, we show that karonudib has anti-tumor effect, irrespective of major melanoma driver mutations. Also, we identify high expression of ABCB1, which codes for p-gp pumps as a resistance biomarker. Finally, we show that karonudib treatment does not hamper T-cell-mediated anti-tumor responses. These findings can be used to guide future use of karonudib in clinical use with a potential approach as precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berglind O Einarsdottir
- Sahlgrenska Translational Melanoma Group, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Departments of Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joakim Karlsson
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elin M V Söderberg
- Sahlgrenska Translational Melanoma Group, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Departments of Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mattias F Lindberg
- Sahlgrenska Translational Melanoma Group, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Departments of Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elisa Funck-Brentano
- Sahlgrenska Translational Melanoma Group, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Departments of Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Jespersen
- Sahlgrenska Translational Melanoma Group, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Departments of Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Siggeir F Brynjolfsson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Roger Olofsson Bagge
- Sahlgrenska Translational Melanoma Group, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Departments of Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Louise Carstam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Scobie
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Koolmeister
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Wallner
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Stierner
- Sahlgrenska Translational Melanoma Group, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Departments of Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Warpman Berglund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Ny
- Sahlgrenska Translational Melanoma Group, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Departments of Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lisa M Nilsson
- Sahlgrenska Translational Melanoma Group, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Departments of Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Larsson
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas A Nilsson
- Sahlgrenska Translational Melanoma Group, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Departments of Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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